第一篇：在VMware里面擴(kuò)展Linux根目錄文件系統(tǒng)的空間

在VMware里面擴(kuò)展Linux根目錄文件系統(tǒng)的空間

我們在使用虛擬機(jī)的過程中進(jìn)程會遇到磁盤空間不足的情況，下面就介紹一下怎么給虛擬機(jī)的根目錄擴(kuò)展空間。擴(kuò)展前的磁盤空間情況：

[root@rac2 ~]# df-h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 16G 11G 4.2G 72% /

/dev/sda1 99M 16M 78M 17% /boot tmpfs 1005M 0 1005M 0% /dev/shm

1、關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)在cmd窗口下使用vmware-vdiskmanager.exe命令擴(kuò)展文件大小，這一步也可以在虛擬機(jī)的界面上增加

“C:Program Files(x86)VMwareVMware Workstationvmware-vdiskmanager.exe”-x 40GB “Y:VMRAC 11GRAC1102RAC1101.vmdk” 把磁盤空間擴(kuò)展到40G，包含原來的20G，即增加20G

2、啟動虛擬機(jī)，使用Linux的fdisk分區(qū)工具給磁盤分區(qū)

[root@rac2 ~]# fdisk-l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM

根據(jù)提示信息可以判斷出此系統(tǒng)的磁盤接口為SCSI，對應(yīng)“sda”，如果上面的紅色字體是“hda”，那么此系統(tǒng)的磁盤接口為IDE對應(yīng)“hda”。下面開始分區(qū)

[root@rac2 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 5221.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1)software that runs at boot time(e.g., old versions of LILO)2)booting and partitioning software from other OSs(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)Command(m for help): m //查看幫助 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality(experts only)

Command(m for help): n // n 是增加分區(qū) Command action e extended p primary partition(1-4)p

//“ 選擇創(chuàng)建主分區(qū)”此時 Partition number(1-4): //已經(jīng)就

1,2兩個分區(qū)了，這里分為第三個區(qū)

First cylinder(2611-5221, default 2611): //此時，fdisk又會讓你選擇該分區(qū)的開始值這個就是分區(qū)的Start 值（start cylinder）；這里最好直接按回車

Using default value 2611 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(2611-5221, default 5221): //此時，fdisk又會讓你選擇該分區(qū)的開始值這個就是分區(qū)的End 值這里最好直接按回車

Using default value 5221

Command(m for help): w //w “保存所有并退出，分區(qū)劃分完畢” The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl()to re-read partition table.WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.The kernel still uses the old table.The new table will be used at the next reboot.Syncing disks.[root@rac2 ~]# fdisk-l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 2611 5221 20972857+ 83 Linux

3、使用fdisk將其改成LVM的 [root@rac2 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 5221.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1)software that runs at boot time(e.g., old versions of LILO)2)booting and partitioning software from other OSs(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command(m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality(experts only)

Command(m for help): t //改變分區(qū)系統(tǒng)id

Partition number(1-4): 3 //指定分區(qū)號，選擇分區(qū)3

Hex code(type L to list codes): 8e //指定要改成的id號，8e代表LVM Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e(Linux LVM)

Command(m for help): w

//w “保存所有并退出，分區(qū)劃分完畢” The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl()to re-read partition table.WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.The kernel still uses the old table.The new table will be used at the next reboot.Syncing disks.4、重啟系統(tǒng)，格式化該新添加的分區(qū)

[root@rac2 ~]# fdisk-l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 2611 5221 20972857+ 8e Linux LVM

已經(jīng)增加了一個分區(qū)，格式也改為LVM

#mkfs-t ext3 /dev/sda3 //在硬盤分區(qū)“/dev/sda3”上創(chuàng)建“ext3”文件系統(tǒng)。

[root@rac2 ~]# mkfs-t ext3 /dev/sda3 mke2fs 1.39(29-May-2006)warning: 334 blocks unused.Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096(log=2)Fragment size=4096(log=2)2626560 inodes, 5242880 blocks 262160 blocks(5.00%)reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 160 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16416 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000

Writing inode tables: done Creating journal(32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first.Use tune2fs-c or-i to override.5、擴(kuò)展文件系統(tǒng) 創(chuàng)建PV [root@rac2 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 Physical volume “/dev/sda3” successfully created //pvcreate指令用于將物理硬盤分區(qū)初始化為物理卷，以便被LVM使用。要創(chuàng)建物理卷必須首先對硬盤進(jìn)行分區(qū)，并且將硬盤分區(qū)的類型設(shè)置為“8e”后，才能使用pvcreat指令將分區(qū)初始化為物理卷。

擴(kuò)展VG

[root@rac2 ~]# vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/sda3 /dev/hdc: open failed: Read-only file system /dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system Attempt to close device '/dev/cdrom' which is not open.Volume group “VolGroup00” successfully extended（其中是當(dāng)前需要擴(kuò)充的lvm組名，可以通過df-h查看，例如我的是： /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00）//vgextend指令用于動態(tài)的擴(kuò)展卷組，它通過向卷組中添加物理卷來增加卷組的容量。

#vgdisplay //用于顯示LNM卷組的元數(shù)據(jù)信息。

[root@rac2 ~]# vgdisplay---Volume group---VG Name VolGroup00 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 39.88 GB PE Size 32.00 MB Total PE 1276 Alloc PE / Size 636 / 19.88 GB Free PE / Size 640 / 20.00 GB

VG UUID GEwLeI-DRdi-NKXI-cB89-JQ81-2eMf-C2quKf(主要查看Free PE / Size 640 / 20.00 GB，說明我們最多可以有20GB的擴(kuò)充空間。)

擴(kuò)展LV，這里的擴(kuò)展空間要小于VG的Free PE [root@rac2 ~]# lvextend-L+19.8G /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /dev/sda3 /dev/hdc: open failed: Read-only file system Rounding up size to full physical extent 19.81 GB Extending logical volume LogVol00 to 35.78 GB Logical volume LogVol00 successfully resized 再查看VG的信息

[root@rac2 ~]# vgdisplay---Volume group---VG Name VolGroup00 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 39.88 GB PE Size 32.00 MB Total PE 1276 Alloc PE / Size 1270 / 39.69 GB Free PE / Size 6 / 192.00 MB VG UUID GEwLeI-DRdi-NKXI-cB89-JQ81-2eMf-C2quKf

[root@rac2 ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 resize2fs 1.39(29-May-2006)Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is mounted on /;on-line resizing required Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 to 9404416(4k)blocks.The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is now 9404416 blocks long.//resize2fs指令被用來增大或者收縮未加載的“ext2/ext3”文件系統(tǒng)的大小。

[root@rac2 ~]# df-h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 35G 14G 20G 41% / /dev/sda1 99M 16M 78M 17% /boot tmpfs 1005M 200M 806M 20% /dev/shm 這是查看文件系統(tǒng)空間已經(jīng)擴(kuò)展成功，如果resize2fs 之后文件系統(tǒng)空間沒增加可以嘗試重啟虛擬機(jī)。