第一篇：(新東方聽力筆記)感受最深的英語(yǔ)聽力方法

知道你現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)聽力水平在哪個(gè)層次嗎? 很簡(jiǎn)單,你現(xiàn)在就可以做個(gè)測(cè)試,電視機(jī)鎖定到中央9臺(tái),等到播放英語(yǔ)新聞時(shí),別看圖像,光憑聽,試試你能聽懂多少?如果你能聽懂的除了國(guó)家名和人名以外,就是介詞和副詞,那你的聽力水平應(yīng)該為零,也就是毫無(wú)聽力水平.如果每條新聞你能聽懂20個(gè)詞左右,大體知道這條新聞講的是哪方面的內(nèi)容,說(shuō)明你處在英語(yǔ)聽力的初級(jí)水平.如果每條新聞你能聽懂30個(gè)詞以上,能夠知道這條新聞講的確切內(nèi)容,說(shuō)明你處在英語(yǔ)聽力的中級(jí)水平.如果你只有少數(shù)單詞聽不懂,能毫無(wú)障礙的聽懂每一句話,你就應(yīng)該是高級(jí)水平了.怎么樣?試了嗎?你處在什

么水平?

處于不同水平的人學(xué)習(xí)方法也是不一樣的,中高級(jí)水平的朋友完全可以通過(guò)每天聽英語(yǔ)新聞節(jié)目來(lái)提高和鞏固聽力能力.而作為初級(jí)水平的朋友這種方法是毫無(wú)益處的,并不是這樣聽的多了,就有英語(yǔ)感覺(jué)了.如果你不能確切的弄明白你所聽到單詞的意思,就算你聽上千遍,你聽到這個(gè)單詞時(shí)仍然不會(huì)知道它的意思.因此,對(duì)于初級(jí)水平的朋友, 聽寫是提高聽力水平的最佳方法.通過(guò)對(duì)每一句反復(fù)的聽,琢磨每一個(gè)單詞的含義并寫到紙上,加深對(duì)單詞發(fā)音的記憶,這樣訓(xùn)練的多了之后,聽到單詞就能快

速反應(yīng),從而達(dá)到提高聽力水平的目的.目前聽寫基本上也是公認(rèn)的提高聽力的最佳方法,許多朋友之所以學(xué)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間而收效甚微,主要是學(xué)習(xí)方法不對(duì)和不能堅(jiān)持.提高聽力是需要時(shí)間的,也沒(méi)有什么捷徑可走,如果說(shuō)有捷徑的話,那也許該算是聽寫了,只要堅(jiān)持每天聽寫一定時(shí)間的英語(yǔ),聽力水平是一定能提高的.許多水平高的朋友都是在經(jīng)過(guò)大量聽力練習(xí)之后才達(dá)到

現(xiàn)在的水平.目前比較適合當(dāng)作聽寫材料的有新概念2,3以及VOA的Special English.這些材料語(yǔ)速較慢,容易斷句.對(duì)于考生,尤其是基礎(chǔ)不好的考生,是非常適合的.具體方法是: 4篇約5分鐘的聽力材料,用復(fù)讀機(jī)一句一句的聽,邊聽邊寫,開始可能一句要聽上十幾遍甚者幾十遍才能聽懂,不要緊.這樣上午聽寫兩篇,下午聽寫兩篇,大概各用時(shí)1個(gè)小時(shí).也就是平均每天練習(xí)聽力大約2個(gè)小時(shí)(剛開始可能要長(zhǎng)一些).4篇文章這樣重

復(fù)聽3天,再換另外4篇.一周也就是聽8篇文章,別貪多.這樣的目的是同一篇文章連續(xù)三天聽寫,使得單詞的聲音在你腦海中反復(fù)加深印象,比每篇文章只聽一遍效果要好的多.實(shí)在聽不懂時(shí),可

以看看原文.用這個(gè)方法學(xué)習(xí),效果非常好.當(dāng)然仁者見(jiàn)仁,智者見(jiàn)智.學(xué)習(xí)方法不一定適合每一個(gè)

人,但關(guān)鍵是要用于嘗試,你說(shuō)對(duì)嗎?

第二篇：新東方聽力筆記

新東方TOEFL2001.10月班筆記--（第一部分：聽力）

作者：joanphan網(wǎng)友提供

TOEFL復(fù)習(xí)筆記（第一部分：聽力）

TOEFL聽力主考思路

TOEFL聽力的主題：校園生活

TOEFL聽力不考的話題：politics religion campus violence(校園暴力)campus police(校園警察)human rights 等等unhappy的話題，TOEFL聽力永遠(yuǎn)

考美國(guó)光明的一面。

如何提高聽力水平？ 1． 語(yǔ)音問(wèn)題 a)美語(yǔ)的發(fā)音

英 [α：] → 美 [?] glass [α：] →[?]

英 [o] → 美 [Λ] hot [o] → [Λ](美語(yǔ)的這個(gè)音界于[o]和[α：]之 間)美語(yǔ)r音的存在，只有在有字母r的時(shí)候才有 個(gè)別單詞的發(fā)音：

diverse E [dai’v :s]→ A [d ‘v :s],且有r的音 hostile E['hostail]→ A['hΛs] b）連讀，不爆破發(fā)音（失爆）連讀：元輔音在一起，連讀。run out of fit it in 失爆：爆破音：[b] [p] [t] [d] [g] 兩個(gè)爆破音在一起，前一個(gè)爆破音就要失爆。Blackboard → blac(k)board I wen(t)downtown yesterday.c）跟讀磁帶（跟讀一盤TOEFL聽力磁帶）d）語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào) 2． 詞匯問(wèn)題： a）表達(dá)口語(yǔ)化：

1）I’ve got to lose weight.2）Have you got the time?/↑ Got the time?(幾點(diǎn)了？)3）Got time?(有空嗎？言下之意：我想請(qǐng)你吃飯)4）Care to come?(=Would you like to come?)=Wanna come?(wanna=want to gonna=be going to)5）I got the feeling.(=I think.)6）I’m under the imparession.(=I remember.)7）The book is fat.（這本書很厚）8）a must-(h)ave（必備的）a must-see

（必看的）a must-eat

（必吃的）a must-play（必玩的）

9）I missed the beauty of??(我曾錯(cuò)過(guò)的??最美好的)b）詞意TOEFL化：

student government 學(xué)生會(huì)

student council / student association 學(xué)生會(huì) make up 補(bǔ)課/補(bǔ)考

c）詞義多樣化 反應(yīng)順序 考試頻率 fix 修理，做飯(fix dinner)

serve 上菜，服務(wù)（網(wǎng)球）發(fā)球

order 訂購(gòu)，點(diǎn)菜，順序（in order / out of order）paper 論文，報(bào)紙，身份證件，文件（papers），紙 3． 聽力的思維：

a)對(duì)話場(chǎng)景化：聽信號(hào)詞/關(guān)鍵詞→定位場(chǎng)景→話題 b)場(chǎng)景規(guī)律化

hit the spot=out of this world 棒極了（形容?好吃）it was hardly worth the money(形容食物太貴太難吃)I was broke.沒(méi)錢了

save for the rainy days 存錢以備不時(shí)之需 open semame（哩語(yǔ)）?的開門磚，?的訣竅 c)思維學(xué)生化

TOEFL聽力選項(xiàng)原則（適用于PART A）

1． 迅速看選項(xiàng)，找出其中相同、相似、相關(guān)的東西，確定場(chǎng)景，預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容。2． 排除不符合TOEFL思路的選項(xiàng)，排除不合邏輯、常識(shí)的選項(xiàng)，排除讀起來(lái)拗 口的選項(xiàng)。

3． 注意選項(xiàng)中的主謂及標(biāo)志詞。Δ主語(yǔ)（題）做題法： 4個(gè)選項(xiàng)主語(yǔ)不一致的時(shí)候，只要找對(duì)與對(duì)話中的主語(yǔ)一致的，即為正確答案。Δ標(biāo)志詞：如shuold表示“建議”，agree表示“同意”等等。4． 注意意思相反的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，正確選項(xiàng)必居其一。5． 注意相似的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng) 6． 注意有同義詞的選項(xiàng)。7． 注意有反義詞的選項(xiàng)。

8． 注意有同形異義詞的選項(xiàng)。如：A.go to the park B.park the car park在對(duì)話中的含義不一樣。

9． 注意數(shù)字及數(shù)字所修飾的名詞n.10．在小對(duì)話題中聽見(jiàn)什么不選什么。

TOEFL段落題題目特征： 對(duì)話2個(gè)，passage3個(gè)，一般一段4個(gè)問(wèn)題。開頭一條，結(jié)尾一條，終結(jié)兩條。

開頭：TOPIC句題：開頭句型，開頭語(yǔ)氣和原詞，重復(fù)率高的詞：原詞的數(shù)/概念 的重復(fù)。

場(chǎng)景：who what where why 中段：細(xì)節(jié)題 結(jié)尾題

TOEFL段落題解題思路：

1． 確定段落的主題（找相同相似相關(guān)的東西）2． 反推段落的問(wèn)題

如果兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)相似，正確答案必居其一

段落第一條是n./名詞性短語(yǔ)，則是TOPIC題

段落中間是n/名詞性短語(yǔ)，只要文中提到，就是正確答案。即：聽到什么選什 么。

TOEFL對(duì)話段落題的題型：

1． 所聽即所選（93、5、36）

2． 重復(fù)原則，重復(fù)多的就是答案（93、5、37）3． 強(qiáng)調(diào)原則，強(qiáng)調(diào)多的就是答案（93、5、38）4． 建議原則，有建議的就是考點(diǎn)。5．對(duì)話題結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：

開頭：打招呼后，信息作為開頭。結(jié)尾：最后一句。

TOEFL錯(cuò)題原因：

慢熱（聽時(shí)不看）Part A 走神（延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）連錯(cuò)（學(xué)會(huì)放棄）讀題（先緊后松）

老題重要題型： 中間帶but轉(zhuǎn)折題：

1． 語(yǔ)氣轉(zhuǎn)折： 90.1.33/96.12.A14 2． 表單詞多種含義 89.8.24/96.10.A2 對(duì)一般疑問(wèn)句的回答: 1． 聽清第二句開頭的短結(jié)構(gòu) 89、8、32 2． 間接回答一定表示反對(duì) 96、10、A12 3． 聽不懂沒(méi)關(guān)系（第二句長(zhǎng)而繞），選一個(gè)否定答案就可以 96、8、30 4． 第一句語(yǔ)調(diào)特征：最后為升調(diào) 5． 第二句習(xí)語(yǔ)。

6． 把第一個(gè)的一般疑問(wèn)句否定，就是答案。

虛擬語(yǔ)氣題：(非直接條件句)? 答案反著給 eg:93.5.15 a）4種基本構(gòu)成 1）if only 2）I wish 3）If clause a)與現(xiàn)在相反：從句用過(guò)去式，主句用would do b)與過(guò)去相反：從句用過(guò)去完成式（had p.p）主句用would have done b)注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)（虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)要往前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)）

If I had a computer, I would have the paper in time.→ I need a computer.√

I didn’t have a computer.X(時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò))c)注意上下文的場(chǎng)景，注意虛擬愈氣與真實(shí)條件句的區(qū)別： If he is the boss,things will be different.(真實(shí)條件句)→He is a boss.√

He isn’t a boss.√ d)正確答案的標(biāo)志：

1)虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部進(jìn)行替換

quse: if only → ans: I wish 2)用否定直接表示實(shí)際情況（93、5、15）

3)表達(dá)一種無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，所以總是表達(dá)愿望不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。regret pity bad? a）標(biāo)志結(jié)構(gòu)：if only

I might have done sth if? 90.1.A12/93.5.15 G）答案中陳述客觀事實(shí)做答 98.8.國(guó)內(nèi)13/98.10.19

建議題型：

第二句的建議為考點(diǎn) 97、1、18/97、5、8 一般參考第二句的建議

1）Why don’t you ?? 建議 Why didn’t you?? 責(zé)備

2）You’d better trust him.你該相信他 You should no better than to 你本該做? 3)hy not do??

4)what if ?? 要是這么做會(huì)?? 5)How does?sound

6)Shouldn’t ?do sth? 7)What would you see to?? 你對(duì)?怎么看? 8)Have you check with sb? 有沒(méi)有問(wèn)過(guò)?? Have you checked sp? 你有沒(méi)有去查過(guò)?地方? 9)What about ? / How about?? 10)Wouldn’t it be better if you do?? 你這樣做不是更好嗎? 11)It doesn’t hurt it you do?? 但做無(wú)妨 12）why+v.Why walk?(You should run!)Why run?(You should walk!)Why+v.表否定，“何必呢?”“干嘛呢?”

13)what do you think of?/ how do you like?征詢意見(jiàn)

時(shí)間副詞題：

1． 第二句出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間副詞是考點(diǎn)（具體/抽象的時(shí)間）90、10、26/98、5、27 2． 時(shí)間副詞的歸納及替換： 1）by and by do sth on short notice in next to no time in no time at all in two or three minutes in a/any moment minute

= quickly/fast second before long right now/away/off 2）before hand in advance = 提前 ahead of time 3）every now and then every so often every once in a while = 偶爾，有時(shí) occasionally, sometimes at certain time on certain prrastion from time to time on and off at times

4）one step at a time

gradually A by A 結(jié)構(gòu)：step / bot / little / word / piece / inch / line 5）weekly, each, yearly = every monthly 6）barely rarely hardly scarcely little 讓某人做某事題：

1． 核心結(jié)構(gòu)：have sb do sth / gey sb to do sth 2． 聽清人名最重要 97.5.14/97.8.5 Oh,so題： 89．10．35/97、5、30 贊同題型：

標(biāo)志結(jié)構(gòu)：isn’t he ever? 表示贊同 isn’t he although?

98．8．國(guó)內(nèi).8/89.1.30 偏詞匯題型(生詞)1.聽到什么不選什么,答案中一般不帶第二句的原詞為對(duì).96.1.NA.18 2.生詞的意思,根據(jù)第二句問(wèn)句猜意義 96.10.26 典型語(yǔ)氣題: 1.重讀,多表示抱怨、責(zé)備、不滿意的語(yǔ)氣

2.考語(yǔ)氣詞，一般出現(xiàn)在第二句開頭 96、8、4/5 3.考語(yǔ)調(diào)：升調(diào)表示懷疑或不同意見(jiàn)，96、1、國(guó)內(nèi)、23

降調(diào)表示肯定或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，96、8、8/16 重復(fù)反問(wèn)題型

第二句用反問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣說(shuō)第一個(gè)人的話，再說(shuō)出自己的話，考點(diǎn)為第二個(gè)人的第二句 話，一般為進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或提出意見(jiàn)。如果聽見(jiàn)的重復(fù)反問(wèn)詞為adj.，則表示加強(qiáng)

語(yǔ)氣，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)。如果不是adj.，則表示提出疑問(wèn)。90．5．23/26 Would you mind題型 89.8.32 回答有兩種： a）直接回答： not at all not at little not in the least not in the slightest b)間接回答（肯定表示反對(duì)）

Can you see I’m in the middle of sth / doing sth?(你沒(méi)見(jiàn)我正在用?)

It’s on loan to sb.(?借給別人了)否定轉(zhuǎn)移題型：

I didn’t take Tom to swim in the pool yesterday.重讀Tom, 表示沒(méi)帶Tom 去游泳。

重讀 yesterday, 表示帶Tom 去游泳，但不是昨天。重讀 pool，表示帶Tom去游泳，但不是在游泳池。

重讀 swim，表示帶Tom昨天去了游泳池，但不是去游泳。這類題，否定與重讀一致。Mystory題型（90、8、32）

How she managed to do it?后半句變化如下： Is a mystory to me.Is over my head.Is beyond me/my understand, Is sth I’ll never understand/figure out.Make no sense to me.提醒模式

I don’t imagine?

You haven’t done sth, have you? I was wondering if?? I don’t think?

老題十大名段： 91．5．C1：打工段 打工職責(zé)，打工感受 規(guī)律：1）找工作步驟：

check the paper(job opening)

telephone inquiry(position available time for appointment)intereview(hour salary experience)job offer(accept turn down)2）習(xí)語(yǔ)：

earn the bread 掙錢

bring home the bacom 掙錢

bread and butter 指生活所需品

91．1．C1：新生培訓(xùn)段落（oriontation）

學(xué)生思維：三大抱怨：學(xué)費(fèi)上漲；食堂、宿舍太差；考試、作業(yè)、課程太多太 難

對(duì)學(xué)校相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)評(píng)價(jià)：喜歡/不喜歡 90．5．C1：課外活動(dòng)段 聽的習(xí)慣：邊聽邊看選項(xiàng) 與熱門話題的結(jié)合：環(huán)保

93．5．C1/94、10、1 找房場(chǎng)景（housing）規(guī)律：住宿舍：太小，地臟，太吵，太嚴(yán) tiny room空間

住公寓：太貴，東西老壞，室友難處 We can’t afford a lot.東西老壞：fix repair teilet telephone 室友：neat considerate 抱怨

修理：window is stack 窗戶打不開 the sink will be clogged 水池堵了 pipe will be clogged 管道不通 wiring 電線出問(wèn)題

shutter→loose 百葉窗松了 修不如買的說(shuō)法：

trade it in for sth stock up on sth invest in cash in on sth pay by instalment 分期付款

down payment（分期付款的）頭期 advance payment 預(yù)付某人 deposit 押金 特殊背景

92．5．C3/93、1、C3 實(shí)習(xí)段落

女生去實(shí)習(xí)，結(jié)合熱門話題：保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物

題型：實(shí)習(xí)專業(yè)，女生感受，實(shí)習(xí)職責(zé)，男生疑問(wèn) 職業(yè)場(chǎng)景要注意職業(yè)套話：開頭，結(jié)尾 91．1．C2 論文段：

題型：題目難定，資料難找，打字困難 91．8．C2 缺課類 0 題型：缺課原因，所缺內(nèi)容，愚蠢問(wèn)題（男生）89．10．C1 評(píng)價(jià)教授與課程 評(píng)價(jià)好與壞的常用詞匯：習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：

1． By all means boring.(by all means = certainly)By no means interesting.(by no means ? in no way)2． Leave much to be desired(=not good)3． Leave nothing to improved(=terrific)4． It’s anything but interesting.(it’s angything but = not at all)It’s nothing but interesting.(it’s nothing but = very)5． It’s nothing short of brilliance.(nothing short of = full of)6． It’s not in the least brilliance.(not in the least = not at all)表示好的：

fascinating fabulous stimulating catching impressive thought-provoking inspiring 表示不好的：

Keep watching the clock.I keep counting the time/minutes.doze off I couldn’t catch./follow/figure out/make any sense out of it/make heads or tails of it.I can hardly stay awake/alert.I can hardly keep awake/alert.I can hardly concerntrate.89.1.C1 選課段

選課規(guī)律：先選入門課；再上高級(jí)課；不管怎么選，教授先同意。

特色詞匯：入門課：intro course basic course prorequisite course 高級(jí)?：upper-lever course advanced course 報(bào)名上的?課：sign up for register? 上?課：take 旁聽：audit 退課：drop/refund?

教授同意：approval permission signature 選修課：optional course 必修課：required course 免選修課：waive one’s requirement 有學(xué)分課：credit course 無(wú)學(xué)分課：non-credit course 轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)分：transfer 90.1.C1/89.1.C2 復(fù)合型段子（談專業(yè)的講課段）聽專業(yè)內(nèi)容，原文做答

開頭，結(jié)尾，強(qiáng)調(diào)，解釋，所有套話。92．1．C2 體育類段子

運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的：鍛煉而不是比賽

for exersice for enjoy for relax 注意事項(xiàng)、細(xì)節(jié)

90．5．C3/90、8、C3：發(fā)明史段子： 順序?qū)?yīng)（問(wèn)題與文章順序?qū)?yīng)）人名與時(shí)間

新技術(shù)（產(chǎn)品、趨勢(shì)、發(fā)展、發(fā)明、事物）advantages disadvantages usages 發(fā)展史十大信號(hào)詞: history development origih features characteristics invention creation innoration evolution 以上答案中有the +~+of，以上十詞中的一個(gè)，就是正確答案，一般這種詞出現(xiàn)

在該段大TOPIC題中。環(huán)境類段子：

1． 環(huán)境污染的巨大危害：damage worsen degrade 2． 造成污染的原因：農(nóng)藥、殺蟲劑使用的殘余（residue）及顆粒（particle）對(duì)人類的危害 3． 解決辦法

TOEFL中十大抱怨語(yǔ)（某個(gè)單詞的重讀）抱怨選課多

‘enough of it 抱怨考試難

It was ‘supporsed to be easy.抱怨物價(jià)高

‘Some bargain.抱怨老下雨（在picnic場(chǎng)景中）It ‘never fails.郵局場(chǎng)景，抱怨郵政服務(wù)不滿意 It took ‘forever to arrive.抱怨某事值不值得做

It was hardly worth sth.男生沒(méi)錢場(chǎng)景

I never seem to have enough money.噪音場(chǎng)景

There is not a whole lot you can do.市內(nèi)噪音場(chǎng)景

The noise drive sb crazy/mad/nuts/out of one’s mind/up to wall.新題十大場(chǎng)景系列 課堂學(xué)習(xí)篇

1． Note場(chǎng)景（筆記場(chǎng)景）

規(guī)律：記筆記，考筆記，借筆記，字難認(rèn)

搞不懂：understand make sense figure out 考筆記：be losed on 字難認(rèn)：make out recognize習(xí)語(yǔ)：take nokes write down take down put down jot down（非常潦草 的寫下）?base on the notes illegible Could you borrow me your notes ? Could I lend your notes? Could I use your notes? Could you let me use your notes?

2． 作業(yè)場(chǎng)景：

規(guī)律：想遲交，不可能

習(xí)語(yǔ)：想遲交：turn in hand in 不讓遲交：extension extra time more time I want three-day extension of my paper.作業(yè)project概念：paper（論文）：essay（最短的），thesis（碩士論文），dissertation（博士論文）

team paper 學(xué)期論文 team project 學(xué)期作業(yè) book report 讀書報(bào)告

lab report 實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告 presentation 發(fā)言 assignment 作業(yè)

3． 論文場(chǎng)景：

規(guī)律：題目難定（太大）：broad too broad a topic to write 資料難找（太多）：too much material to cover 多找教授（時(shí)間）：avilable 打字困難（機(jī)房）(結(jié)合computer room場(chǎng)景)：機(jī)少人多想買電腦

電腦詞匯：word processor文字處理器（電腦）save it on disk存在硬盤上

save a backup存?zhèn)浞?break down電腦壞了 wiped out（由于停電文件）被沖 掉 laptop筆記本電腦 desktop臺(tái)式電腦 ink jet噴墨式打印機(jī) 有點(diǎn)眉目很高興，教授還得先同意。

習(xí)語(yǔ)：have trouble doing have problem doing have pert-time doing have difficulty doing

縮小題目：narrow down the topic 教授同意：approval permission signature

4．考試場(chǎng)景：

規(guī)律：永遠(yuǎn)難 worse supposed to be easy , but turned out to be difficult.（原本應(yīng)該容易，但是很難 不推遲 delay postpone put it out 分?jǐn)?shù)低 perfect grate 滿分（5分制的）passing grate 及格 failing 不及格

不好受（心情）down feel down

5．熬夜場(chǎng)景：

規(guī)律：常熬夜（男）be uo 不熬夜（女）wise 喝咖啡（男）不想戒（男）思路：不贊成熬夜習(xí)語(yǔ)：night and day work against/around the clock stay/be/sit up on night doing sth make a night of it（熬夜學(xué)習(xí)）

6．評(píng)價(jià)教授場(chǎng)景：

小對(duì)話評(píng)價(jià)：一般不好。段落題評(píng)價(jià)：一般較好。

規(guī)律：不遲到，不早退，常拖課。要求嚴(yán)，出題難，給分低。

特色表達(dá)：見(jiàn)老題十大名段的“評(píng)價(jià)教授“。

Think much/little of sb look up to sb崇拜某人 look down upon sb看不

起某人

He is somrthing/big potato.他真了不起 He is nothing/small potato.他 可不怎么樣。

89.8.16 89.10.C1 96.12.1 關(guān)于講課：考點(diǎn)：主題，觀點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)，解釋（89.1.C2.41-45）

7． 課桌場(chǎng)景：

規(guī)律：亂，找不著，是否清理 clear off 1）． 與家具有關(guān)，學(xué)生常會(huì)move 2）． 課桌上一定亂，找不到東西要整理

8． 書店場(chǎng)景：

規(guī)律：有買/沒(méi)有買 avilable 有貨/沒(méi)有貨 in stock out of stock run out of缺貨

印/不印 in print out of print 過(guò)時(shí)與否 date it current平裝/精裝 paper back hard back

9． 圖書館場(chǎng)景：

規(guī)律：還書是否及時(shí) return 注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 是否罰款 fine

10．選課場(chǎng)景（注意詞匯）

1）先學(xué)入門課，后上高級(jí)課，不管怎么選，教授得同意。（89、1、C先1）2）三大顧慮：太多too much 太難too hard 有無(wú)基礎(chǔ)basic course 3）課程太難，辛勤不好

5）少選明智，多選犯傻，時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備退課 drop

11．讀書場(chǎng)景

規(guī)律：A：你覺(jué)得這本書?？/能不能讀？/這么快讀完？

12．選校場(chǎng)景：

規(guī)律：學(xué)校名氣，學(xué)校性質(zhì)

特色表達(dá)：reputation(public/private/community)tuition(afford)individual attention(class size)location large city Vs small town might person party animal big fish in a small pond雞頭 small fish in a big pond鳳尾 13．電話場(chǎng)景

It’s through.接通了

Put me through to sb幫我接通某人 Listen for my phone.替我聽電話

Got back to you on sth.過(guò)會(huì)兒打給你 Return the call./Call back.Dail telephone bill電話帳單 collcet call受話方付費(fèi) he’s on/off the phone他在打電話呢

The line is busy/engaged.占線

別掛電話：Don’t hang up.Hold on.Hold the line.Hang on.課外生活篇 ：

1． Housing場(chǎng)景： 90、8、A1 規(guī)律：住房難，不愿搬，抱怨多，怕長(zhǎng)錢（rent），簡(jiǎn)裝修，少花錢（offord），家具往哪兒擺，要開windows 詞匯：sublet轉(zhuǎn)租 housing-sitting看房 roomate-wanted征室友

apartment-hunting校外租房 throw wild parties瘋狂舉辦晚會(huì) make a fuss vaccum the room polish擦 walk the(cat?)帶（貓?）散步，指帶寵物

rent(afford)quietness location(on/off campus)on campus housing校內(nèi)宿舍 off campus housing 校外宿舍

condition：shower/toilet

2． 失物招領(lǐng)場(chǎng)景： 96、5、8/97、8、12 turn in hand in 規(guī)律：上哪找，找到否

3． 幫忙場(chǎng)景： 98、10、6/96、12、3 不幫的原因

4． 外傷場(chǎng)景： 96、10、3/96、12、26 規(guī)律：易受傷，傷哪兒，能動(dòng)嗎 原因總是搬東西或者鍛煉

傷勢(shì)：tuist strain hurt扭傷 傷部：shoulder wrist ankle

5． 看病場(chǎng)景 96、1、國(guó)內(nèi)、21 病人：學(xué)生

癥狀：永遠(yuǎn)是小病，不會(huì)是大病。（95、10、B2、詞匯）A sort throat lose one’s voice ringear runny noise 治療：take some pills take some injection/shots drink lots of water have a rest take it easy take things easy 禁忌：catch（傳染）

藥管不管用（句型：96、1、北美、21）

習(xí)語(yǔ)：be admitted to hospital 住院 be released from hospital 出院

come down with 病倒了 catch? 得了。傳染病 stay away from 離（病 人）遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn) wait out 伺候 fill/refill 抓藥 dosage 劑量 shots 打針 在美國(guó)大部分家庭有家庭醫(yī)生，家庭醫(yī)生有自己的診所，診所中有醫(yī)生本人，和 一個(gè)護(hù)士，兼做小秘。

身體好的表達(dá)：fit as a fiddle feel like a million(dollars)in the pink in good shape 身體不好的表達(dá)：under the weather out of sorts out of shape come down with sb down with a bug not look(like)oneself

6． 噪音場(chǎng)景 96.12.12/97.8.北美.6 規(guī)律：室內(nèi)：調(diào)小音量(turn down)宿舍隔音(sound proof)意識(shí)到噪音沒(méi)有(didn’t realize)室外：無(wú)能為力 96、5、18 噪音來(lái)源：交通，室友/鄰居（93.10.23）影響：睡覺(jué)睡不著，學(xué)習(xí)受干擾 I can’t heat myself think.解決：rraffic：學(xué)生只能忍受，或者向?qū)W校反映，或者換地方學(xué)習(xí)

soundproof 室友/鄰居：ake him to turn down the music dorm supervise / apartment manager 宿舍管理員

7． 修理場(chǎng)景 fix repair 思路：什么壞了，找誰(shuí)修（修理工及故障的表達(dá)，96、1、北美、11），修理費(fèi) 貴，修不如買（96、12、28）

結(jié)合housing場(chǎng)景的：廁所，電話，洗澡。window is stack 窗戶打不開

the sink will be clogged水池堵了 pipe will be clogged管道堵了 wiring電線出問(wèn)題

shutters→loose 百葉窗松了

8． 打工場(chǎng)景

四個(gè)步驟及關(guān)鍵詞 96、5、6 打工職責(zé)、感受（段落）96、1、國(guó)內(nèi)、C2/98、5、B2 面視者招聘員工：工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，學(xué)歷

被面視者（學(xué)生）：時(shí)間、工資、經(jīng)驗(yàn)三要素 96、5、12 hour salary experience

9． High-way場(chǎng)景

常塞車（怎么辦）96、5、20 be tired up traaffic gam be backed up 拐錯(cuò)彎 96、8、24 should have turned 從哪出 get out of it 考違章 98.5.23 ticket 罰單 10．借錢還錢場(chǎng)景 98.10.22 不愿借，不想還，為什么

注意聽語(yǔ)氣，注意聽第二句時(shí)間副詞（soon later some other time）

吃喝玩樂(lè)篇

1． 音樂(lè)會(huì)場(chǎng)景

規(guī)律：永遠(yuǎn)好聽 97、1、8/97、10、10 喜歡古典音樂(lè)，不喜歡搖滾音樂(lè) 提前買票，學(xué)生折扣 作為好壞，是否調(diào)換 去不是因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)或考試（語(yǔ)氣特征：不情愿）劇院座位：談座位是否好壞，要不要換。

表達(dá)：box office 售票處 ticket line 排隊(duì)買票 sold out票買完了

discount打折 orchestra section row aisle seat過(guò)道兩邊的位置

2． 美術(shù)館場(chǎng)景： 喜歡mofern art Δ常見(jiàn)藝術(shù)品/藝術(shù)流派名稱： 1）fresco壁畫 landscape山水畫 prints版畫 sketch素描 water color水

彩畫 draft草稿 oils油畫 portrait任務(wù)肖像畫

2）classism古典主義 neoclassism新古典主義 modernism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義

posmodernism后現(xiàn)代主義 realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義 surrealism超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義 3）對(duì)大師級(jí)的人名要敏感

3． 買東西場(chǎng)景

規(guī)律：買什么，買了沒(méi)買（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）96.1.北美.26/96.12.22，愛(ài)便宜貨（sale bargern）97.1.11 便宜：dirt/dog cheap爛便宜

good price / good deal / good bargern / good buy 價(jià)錢公道：reasonable fair affordable acceptable 價(jià)錢貴：cost cost a fortune cost a bundle cost an arm and leg sth is dear太貴了 afford we can’t afford it over priced beyond one’s

budget unbearable outrageous a rip-off a robbery 物價(jià)上漲：

1）物價(jià)年年漲，學(xué)生要抱怨，抱怨沒(méi)有用。

2）便宜貨：一定要買：sale bargain discount（折扣）percent off（打 折）go out og business（商場(chǎng)停業(yè)、歇業(yè)）

4． 和咖啡場(chǎng)景

規(guī)律：愛(ài)喝咖啡，喝咖啡為學(xué)習(xí)考試（不想戒），戒咖啡（因?yàn)榭Х纫颍゛）coffee種類：instant coffee（速溶咖啡）

gourmet coffee（由咖啡豆磨制的咖啡）b）味道：aroma（聞上去很香）flavor（嘗上去很香）c）做咖啡的器具：

coffee pot , coffee maker coffee spoon 咖啡勺

coffee set/service 做咖啡的全套器具 d）TOEFL的常考習(xí)語(yǔ)： 1.a cup of coffee 2.snack bar(快餐店)中一般用

---one coffee / two coffees 我要一杯咖啡/我要兩杯咖啡 3.coffee break（美國(guó)人）休息時(shí)間 tea break（英國(guó)人）休息時(shí)間

e）基本思路：喜歡喝，怎么喝，不能喝。

ΔWould you like black coffee?(原味咖啡，在美國(guó)老美喝原味咖啡的人很 少，所以被認(rèn)為很COOL)White coffee: 加牛奶的咖啡 Δcaffein 咖啡堿

----Would yuu like a cup of coffee?----?caffein.表示不能喝咖啡

or : ?My doctor? 也表示不能喝咖啡。

5． 減肥場(chǎng)景：

減肥必要性，減肥的效果（要堅(jiān)持，多鍛煉）96.10.19/97.1.5 特色表達(dá)：in perfect shave身體棒 in good condiction身體好 look great/terrific the picture of heazlthy fall of beans/engage有活力

as fit as a fiddle 胖的說(shuō)法：big heavy overweight gained/put on some weight lose one’s weight keep fit keep/stay a shape fat farm減肥中心 gym健身 房

6．吃飯場(chǎng)景

規(guī)律：上哪吃（由誰(shuí)定）it’s up to sb；愛(ài)嘗鮮try sth new；喜安靜prefer quiet place 上錯(cuò)菜98.5.2 誰(shuí)請(qǐng)客treat 關(guān)于請(qǐng)客：it’s on me 記我賬上 this is my treat 我請(qǐng)客

let me pick up the bill = let me foot the bill 我買單 pay for it

go fifty-fifty AA制 = go dutch spilt/share the cost 分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用

貪吃胃口好：96.1.國(guó)內(nèi).10 adventurous eater 吃飯付帳：It’s on me../ It is my treat./ Let me treat it./ Let me foot the bill.我請(qǐng)客

Let’s go dutch./ Lst’s splie the bill./ Shape the expense.AA制 Waiter說(shuō)的話：bring the menu take the order記下點(diǎn)菜

I’ll be right back.我馬上來(lái) Make recommendations 推薦? Serve the order上菜

I’ll take care of it./ I’ll see to it.上錯(cuò)菜時(shí)說(shuō)的話

7．理發(fā)場(chǎng)景

規(guī)律：價(jià)錢貴，上哪理 hair salon 人太多，要預(yù)約 appointment 98.5.8 換發(fā)型，認(rèn)不出 hair style 98.10.10 特色表達(dá)：teim one’s bangs修額發(fā)/流海

I want my side（鬢角）a little longer.A little longer over ears 耳朵上的長(zhǎng)點(diǎn) A little shorter back 背后的短點(diǎn) Parting in the middle 中分 ? to ? left/right 左/右分

all-back 大背頭 stylist發(fā)型師 hairedresser/hairsalon理發(fā)師/發(fā)廊

ripple小波浪式 pig tail粗麻花式 pony tail馬尾辮 bun發(fā)吉 hair style 發(fā)型

8．養(yǎng)花養(yǎng)草場(chǎng)景：

花草長(zhǎng)勢(shì)如何。陽(yáng)光和水份 sunlight shade water 98.8.國(guó)內(nèi).25 往哪擺：窗前、角落 97.10.13 move over the window

9．著裝場(chǎng)景

特色詞匯:98.1.北美.A2 衣服配不配場(chǎng)景：be perfect with go well with match a)場(chǎng)合：occasion場(chǎng)合 style 場(chǎng)合是否合適 formal-suit casual-jeans

b)color:TOEFL聽力中有blue情結(jié)： 98.10.2 big blue深藍(lán) light blue淺藍(lán) solid blue純藍(lán) navy blue海軍藍(lán)(口語(yǔ)中 navy)tatain the color保持顏色 the color fade/faint=lose the color掉 色

c)size:shrink縮水 too loose/baggy衣服太松 be tight on+身體部分、衣服

太緊 96.5.10 d)material中羊毛情 wool 98.8.19 It’s a good match.這衣服很配你 Down jacket 羽絨服 Wool sweater 羊毛衫

e)laundry洗衣 98.8.國(guó)內(nèi).16 I do the laindry.Stain污漬 come out with sth用?洗掉 remove洗掉 f)try on put on take off put away get out（把衣服拿出去）

10． 照片場(chǎng)景：96.1.NA.27/98.5.1/ test 28.C2 照片效果、用光、膠卷

專業(yè)詞匯：was supposed to（本該做）wasn’t supposed to（本不該）come out = develop 沖洗膠卷 a roll of film out of focus調(diào)焦不準(zhǔn)

film for in door/outdoor shots適用于室內(nèi)卷

11．渡假場(chǎng)景： a）寵物場(chǎng)景：誰(shuí)看寵物 have sb do sth 相處如何 get along with b）旅行社場(chǎng)景：訂機(jī)[票，訂房間，換不換

c）海灘場(chǎng)景：愛(ài)去，干什么（表達(dá)），去得了（高興），去不了（原因：因?yàn)?沒(méi)錢）95.8.1/95.12.16 California / Florida有最好的海灘 a）喜歡去

b）干什么： swimming, get suntany/catch some rays, play sea-volleyball(沙灘排球), collecting shells(撿貝殼)d）party場(chǎng)景：愛(ài)人多，帶人來(lái) bring sb along

e）機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景：天氣變化，航班延誤

the flight was delat due to the bad weather 結(jié)合訂票：book the ticket cancel confirm switch f）天氣場(chǎng)景：天氣變化?？迹?6.1.國(guó)內(nèi).21）：

overcast多云 shawer陣雨 pouring暴雨 blizzard highwind the rain）has run up（雨）停了

clear up放晴 warm up暖起來(lái)了 heat up升溫 keep up繼續(xù) cool down涼下 來(lái)

super hot blazing hot buring hot unbearable hot freezing cold ice cold biting cold chilly cold(super cole&ice cold也常形容人的性

格)

?on end/?in a row連續(xù)? eg:It’s rained four days on end.picnic及燒烤總在下雨天 96、8、24 天氣好心情好：It’s is good to sth for a change.97.10.21 天氣與著裝，伴隨天氣里是否要加、減、收、買衣服：get out拿出去 put away收起來(lái) 98.5.12 相信天氣預(yù)報(bào) go by follow 98.8.NA.13 g）visting場(chǎng)景： come in/by/over stop in/by/over

= visit drop in/by/over

12．交通場(chǎng)景：

a）鐵路場(chǎng)景：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)：污染少，不磨損，較安全（屬于新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品、新發(fā)明）b）交通違章場(chǎng)景：

speeding: eed limit 限速 going through the red light illegal parting c）搭車場(chǎng)景：提出搭車要求，回答者都是搭不上車，不給搭。Could I get a ride/left with you to?? Could you give me a ride/left to ?? Could I ride with you to ??

13．郵局場(chǎng)景：

diliver 投遞包裹 priority mail優(yōu)先投遞 forward寄信 registered mail 掛號(hào)信 express mail特快信

14．戀愛(ài)場(chǎng)景：

fall in love at first sight blind date初次約會(huì) have chemistry來(lái)電了

go steady進(jìn)展順利 like a house on fire一日不見(jiàn)如隔三秋 offer my hand求婚（男）offer a hand to you幫忙 give you my hand（答應(yīng)）求婚(女)break of分手

15.網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)景: 體育用品：鞋running shoes jogging shoes sneakers gym shoes 美國(guó)的普及型體育運(yùn)動(dòng)：tennis golf roller-skating basket ball ice hockey football橄欖球

網(wǎng)球：fore hand正手 back hand反手 serve/return go out of bounds ace tennis court hard court clay court grass court tennis course

女尊男卑篇：

1． 男生宿舍臟場(chǎng)景（女生臟，因?yàn)閻?ài)學(xué)習(xí)）選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞：mess dirty dump chaos 誰(shuí)打掃 help sb do

2． 男生愛(ài)花錢

特色表達(dá)：spend money like water spend one’s entire bugdet go through a lot of money have money to burn money for raining days broke can’t make ends meet tight budger My name is not Rockfeller.抱怨語(yǔ)氣：97、10、1 結(jié)合借錢、還錢場(chǎng)景，不借不還

女生總是讓他存，但是從來(lái)不借。

3． 男生緊張場(chǎng)景

緊張的原因（考試、發(fā)言、宣布獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金緊張）97、10、20 緊張的癥狀：twist/toss/turn/taround（輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)）解決辦法：practice 特色表達(dá)：too excited/nervous/restless +to stand quietly/sit still/sit quietly/stand still/be on edge/get cold feet/not set still

4． 男生害羞場(chǎng)景： keep sth to money 選項(xiàng)詞：96、10、22

5． 男生的各種壞習(xí)慣：

oversleep late for class miss school fill sb in on sth drop/doze off at class not hand in the paper on time requist extension for paper（要求延期交作業(yè)）fail the examine make up the exam stay up all night

6． 女生不記仇場(chǎng)景： 96.1.NA.A15

7． 女生愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)景： mystery題型 見(jiàn)前筆記

愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí)的表示：哪都不去就愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí)97.1.15/98.10.1

8． 女生的各種優(yōu)秀：參照男生各種缺點(diǎn)

9． 好女幫男場(chǎng)景：場(chǎng)景融合，組合規(guī)律。

新題十大名段： 理科類：

生物(瀕危物種)98.5.C3(細(xì)節(jié)題)98.8.國(guó)內(nèi).C2 96.1.NA.C1(主線題)環(huán)保 98.10.B2 enviroment protection 自然 97.10.C3 98.8.NA.C3 新技術(shù) 96.1.國(guó)內(nèi).C3（節(jié)水）野外實(shí)習(xí)99.1.C3 結(jié)合瀕危動(dòng)物 文科類：

土著美國(guó)人 98.5.C1 Indian People 美國(guó)歷史 97.8.C1 99.1.C1 建筑學(xué) 發(fā)明史 96.12.C1 鐘表發(fā)明 發(fā)展史 96.10.C1 / 96.10.C2 課外活動(dòng) 98.8.NA.C1

常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)氣詞總結(jié)：

吃驚系列：Bingo!有種意外的驚喜 Gee!Boy!天啊!Man!Gosh![gΛ ?] Jususe(Christ)!wow!Dear me!My dear!Oh.my!糟糕系列：Woops!Uh-uh!Oh,no!Oh,dear!Tough luck!臟話系列：Shit!Fuck!Dummy!笨蛋！Jerk!Idiot!Ass hole!God damn!b.s!=bull shit!Bitch!Son of bitch!贊美系列：fab=fabulous!glam=glamorous!fave=faverite!

magnif=manificent!Dandy!Cool!Uttercool!Supercool!Superb!Charming!形容女人有魅力

古怪系列：odd weird bi’zarre

贊同系列：yeah yep u bet Sure thing!I’ll say And you? 否定系列：Oh,nuts!Nope!(96.1.NA.A1)討厭系列：disgusting whew Oh,bother![Λ]

TOEFL常見(jiàn)縮略詞：

ad = advertisement doc = doctor醫(yī)生 dorm = dormitory intro course初

等課 lit course文學(xué)課 memo = memorandum備忘錄，便條 info = information demo = demostration演示 flu = influenza流感 co-op學(xué)生聯(lián)

合會(huì) co-ed男女同校 pre-med醫(yī)科預(yù)課 pre-school預(yù)課班 pre-school學(xué)期

班 I am preparing the TOEFL No problem.= No prob.十大小詞：

I expect.我估計(jì)、推測(cè)? I’m bet.= I’m sure.I wonder.= I’m not sure.I suspect.= I believe./ I think.I doubt.= I don’t think so.I thought.I was hoping.原以為

I was suppose to（本應(yīng)該）I wasn’t suppose to（本不應(yīng)該）I have a hunch.（我有種預(yù)感）I’ve got the feeling.= I think.I’m under the impression.= I recall./I remember.I have been meeuing to = I’m thinking about

習(xí)慣表達(dá)：

1．心情好場(chǎng)景： a）規(guī)律：

A：?最近心情好哎 B：?為什么心情好？ b）原因： 作業(yè)完成了 考試及格了 買著便宜貨了

c）心情好的說(shuō)法：

in high spirit high sprited in the seventh heaven walk on air on cloud nine 2．心情不好場(chǎng)景： a）規(guī)律：

A：?最近心情不好哎

B：?為什么不好/如何擺脫 b）原因： 作業(yè)太多 考試太難 課業(yè)繁重

c）心情不好的說(shuō)法：

in a blue mood in low spirits out of spirits low spirited in a bad mood down hearted down in the mouth downbeat down in the dumps downcast downhearted

3． 生某人氣的說(shuō)法：get on one’s nerve eg: Don’t get on my nerve.不要惹我生氣。be put out with sb for sth 就?生?的氣 rab sb the wrong way 惹惱?

take it out on sb 把氣出在?身上

4． 處的好的說(shuō)話：

get along with sb = bit it off = on good turns = be agreeable with sb

Tom and Jerry like peasand and carrots.Tom和Jerry形影不離。

Tom and Jerry like apples and oranges.5． 小菜一碟的說(shuō)法： nothing to it there is nothing to it none to speak of no big deal a piece of cake

6． 表達(dá)理所當(dāng)然的說(shuō)話： Is ice cold?常做為回答 Is sky blue? Does a bird fly? Does a fish swim? by all means = in any event

7． 一些短語(yǔ)

（一）at sixes and sevens 亂七八糟

cost sb an arm and a leg 巨貴無(wú)比，買東西大出血，非常貴 feel under weather 天氣不好 get up from the wrong side of bed 心情不好

don’t let the cat of bag 不要泄露秘密，不要告訴別人 don’t let me hold the bag 不要讓我背黑鍋 apple of my eye 我的掌上明珠，珍貴之物 apple-polisher 馬屁精

One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一個(gè)和尚擔(dān)水 喝，兩個(gè)和尚抬水喝，三個(gè)和尚沒(méi)水喝

care for = like = be attached to = get high on sth care to = whould you like to? care about = conceined 關(guān)心，在意

take care of 處理，負(fù)責(zé) I’ll take care of it.我會(huì)處理的。be enthusiastic about 熱衷于 be hooked on sth/sb 迷戀? be into sth表喜歡

be onto sth 想到?，有主意

rave about 沉醉于，迷戀于（程度很深）do sth to one’s heart’s content盡興?

be addicted to?對(duì)?上癮（并不完全是不好的，比如非常喜歡juzz）adore喜歡（喜歡小的人、東西）adorable = cute

8． 偶遇某人：

come across run into bump into encounter happen to meet

9． 不友好的表達(dá)：

be hostile to sb be critical of sb be cynical to sb confront sb with sth找某人爭(zhēng)執(zhí)?

10．管用/不管用： it works(out)it helps it does the trick

肯定+否定 it does some good it makes difference 以上多以否定形式出現(xiàn)

11．一些短語(yǔ)

（二）as cool as a cucumber as fit as fiddle 身體健康 as healthy as a horse as strong as an ox as stupid as a donkey as stubborn as a mule 形容某人太倔了 as poor as a churche mouse as merry as a cricket 形容某人太快樂(lè)了 as proud as a pencock形容某人太驕傲 as changeable as a moon形容多變 as like as two peas 形容長(zhǎng)的像 as easy as ABC as simple as one two three

12．健忘： slip one’s mind slip one’s memory have a short memory everything gets in one ear and out the other absent-minded

13．代替某人： take over for sb fill in for sb take the place of take one’s place fill one’s place fill one’s vacancy fill one’s shoes

14．累的說(shuō)法：

be worn/fired/wipe out be out of shape be beat be run down be exhausted dog tired

15．v.+out: figure out = understand straight out = settle work out = settle，鍛 煉 clean out 貪吃，把?吃光 help out 幫忙，幫成了忙 find out make out = tell watch out = look out eat out 外出吃飯= dine out

16．表示忙：

I have got my hands full.I’m up to my neck in work.I’m up to my eyes in work.I’m up to my elbm’s work.I’m up to my ears in work.I’m in the middle of the things.I’ve million things to do.I’ve a tight schedule.light schedule日程松，不忙。My schedule is tight.overwhelming I can’t fitr it into my schedule.= I can’t fit it in.be tight up in sth 被?絆住，纏住 eg: I’m tight up in meeting.Haven’t got around in doing sth

新題重點(diǎn)套題與段落：

套題：95.10 95.12 96.1.NA 96.1.國(guó)內(nèi) 96.10 96.12 97.1 97.8 97.12 98.5 98.8.NA 98.10 99.8 99.10 2001 段落：95.8.C2.C3 95.10.B2.C3 97.12.C1.C2 95.12.C1.C2.C3 96.12.C1.C2 97.5.B2.C2 96.1.NA.B1.C1 97.1.B2.C2 97.8.C1.C3 96.1.國(guó)

內(nèi).B1.B2.C2.C3 97.10.C2.C3 96.5.B2.C2 98.1.B2.C2 98.5.B2.C1.C3 96.8.C2 96.1.B2.C1.C2 98.8.C2.C3 98.8NA.B1.B2.C1.C3 98.10.B2.C1.C2 99.1.B2.C1.C3 99.5.B1.C2.C3

第三篇：最新新東方聽力筆記（精選）

最新新東方聽力筆記 概述：

一． 雅思聽力基本情況 可做任何標(biāo)記。

分?jǐn)?shù)段：12-18：4分 19-24：5分 25-30：6分 31-35：7分

36-38：8分 39-40：9分 根據(jù)難易要乘系數(shù) 二．兩個(gè)誤區(qū)

聽懂核心詞匯，掌握拼寫。

極少考理解，多考記錄信息點(diǎn)，所聽即所得。三． 兩個(gè)基本范圍

1． survival english（社會(huì)生活，人際交往等）2． academic english（學(xué)術(shù)類，教育類，熱點(diǎn)話題）四． 問(wèn)題

1． 利用停頓時(shí)間搶讀后面題目 2． 直接書寫答案

3． 區(qū)分考試安排者聲音，根據(jù)指導(dǎo)做題 4． 手眼耳并用，聽看寫一體 五． 雅思聽力四大特點(diǎn)

1.國(guó)際口音：（英、美、澳）（英音50%，澳20%，美20%，其他10%）不利：習(xí)慣美音，不習(xí)慣英音，必須熟悉英音；

有利：新口音（大西洋口音，適于中國(guó)人）；動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不是考試重點(diǎn)（掌握一般程度：第一個(gè)意思即可），去掉了很多地域性的方言。

2.四段敘述：

1、3section是對(duì)話，2、4section是陳述，一般來(lái)說(shuō)難度遞增。

不利：a.不知道聽力磁帶和題目間如何建立關(guān)系——采用順序原則(85%)：答案順序和問(wèn)題順序一致。b.無(wú)法集中注意力（聽力中不包含問(wèn)題，無(wú)法對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生刺激）——改變聽力學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，練習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)聚精會(huì)神，忌跑神和恐慌。

有利：不是每句話都要聽懂，應(yīng)試圖聽懂每一句包含答案的句子（先看題，再猜答案，然后做題）3.邊聽邊做：

不利：a.閱讀量大——要求快速閱讀（技巧+能力）——速讀 b.寫量大——要求手眼耳并用（加強(qiáng)聽寫能力，掌握四級(jí)單詞聽寫）有利：a.不考推理、總結(jié)、歸納題，主要考查細(xì)節(jié)，所聽即所得。4.題型多樣：10種題型 不利：不熟悉題型 有利：難度較低

六、聽力應(yīng)試策略

短期目標(biāo)：1.緊扣9套題，十種題型，十種場(chǎng)景。

2.記補(bǔ)充的單詞和地名。四級(jí)詞匯(大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)速聽速記)。

3.精聽六盤磁帶。中期目標(biāo)：1.短期任務(wù)。

2.再做一點(diǎn)題。聽力強(qiáng)化最新指南，雅思聽力課外強(qiáng)化教程，英語(yǔ)中級(jí)聽力（關(guān)于hotel/restaurant，news不聽）。

3.背單詞。

長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)：1.加強(qiáng)發(fā)音以及聽音的訓(xùn)練。

2.再做一些題目。

3.精聽英語(yǔ)中級(jí)聽力。

七、聽力學(xué)習(xí)方法

錯(cuò)誤：一心多用，太過(guò)放松；邊聽錄音邊看原文；聽太難的材料；

正確：1.專心致志

2.復(fù)讀 3.聽寫

八、正確的做題思路：分析題目，有的放聽；抓住細(xì)節(jié)。有效高效讀完題目

九、基本要求: 背聽力單詞（聽力、地名），做到四會(huì)：聽說(shuō)讀寫。重要場(chǎng)景聽10遍以上，最好背過(guò)?；绢}型

一、地圖題（方位題，路線題）

1.看地圖，先抓圖例、指向標(biāo)、說(shuō)明文字、起始點(diǎn)（實(shí)質(zhì)：從某一點(diǎn)走向另外一點(diǎn)，標(biāo)志詞entrance gate、exit、door、where he’s speaking）

2.掃描圖中其他信息：街名、過(guò)道名、街區(qū)名、建筑物名 3.讀題

4.聽力開始后，按照聽力磁帶的敘述，用筆在圖中隨之畫出路線(路線題)5.圖中方向以說(shuō)話人前進(jìn)方向?yàn)樽笥?，不能用自己的主觀視角 地圖題: 1.看例子

2.地圖中常識(shí)原則（成比例）

二、一般表格題：

1.看表格的標(biāo)題、圖例、說(shuō)明文字

2.掃描表格橫縱軸（先橫軸，再縱軸），從中獲取有用信息，重點(diǎn)掃描出題格 3.只看出題空格（上看下看左看右看）4.觀察題號(hào)排列，確定論述順序

（表格中如題號(hào)排列不規(guī)則，則100%符合順序原則）

*一般表格+多項(xiàng)選擇：

1.掃描橫縱軸。橫軸抓核心詞，縱軸抓內(nèi)在順序。

2.做題時(shí)小心經(jīng)典陷阱——給超過(guò)需要答案的組數(shù)——抓住核心詞 3.注意給的信息套數(shù)和答案配套，并注意補(bǔ)充選項(xiàng) 問(wèn)：how + adj.，可用 very + adj.回答

三、判斷正誤并改錯(cuò)

1.掃描題目要求，看正確情況下的表達(dá)方式，劃對(duì)勾還是true/yes/t/y(看好題目要求)2.只看出題的題干并劃出核心詞

3.注意舊信息和新信息的差別，舊信息指畫圈的詞，聽其前后有無(wú)否定詞（hardly、few、bare、little）。新信息是改錯(cuò)的答案。

4.改錯(cuò)的答案在形式上應(yīng)與題干完全一致。5.重要在讀題階段，看到有效信息

四、問(wèn)答題（和填空題是兩大種難題）

1.掃描問(wèn)句中的疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞，確定“問(wèn)什么”。（多是特殊疑問(wèn)句wh——不能用yes/no回答）2.why——抓because,since,as,for?? 3.劃出問(wèn)句中的核心詞（建議劃圈）。

4.注意問(wèn)答題出現(xiàn)在1、3section 和2、4section的區(qū)別 1、3section（對(duì)話）——試卷問(wèn)題與磁帶中說(shuō)話人的發(fā)問(wèn)的是否一致 2、4section（陳述）——試卷問(wèn)題與說(shuō)話人反問(wèn)、設(shè)問(wèn)的是否一致 5.還原句子結(jié)構(gòu)，變疑問(wèn)句為陳述句

6．出現(xiàn)否定詞要?jiǎng)澫聛?lái)；出現(xiàn)says 答案一定出現(xiàn)在某人說(shuō)的話中； 問(wèn)：how + adj.，可用 very + adj.回答

五、選擇題 ㈠單項(xiàng)選擇題

1.快速掃描題干，不看選項(xiàng)，畫出題干中核心詞

2.磁帶開始后，再掃描題干（核心詞），并依次掃描選項(xiàng)，比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間的相同與不同（縱向掃描）3.所聽即所得原則 4.一些常見(jiàn)做題原則：

a.順序原則：磁帶上出現(xiàn)好幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)，最后一個(gè)提到的是正確答案 b.最近答案原則：選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有和原文完全重合的，找離原文最近的選項(xiàng) c.陌生詞原則：答案中有極陌生的詞，一般不予考慮 d.同質(zhì)相斥原則

e.何時(shí)核對(duì)答案：每個(gè)section結(jié)尾有30秒，根據(jù)印象對(duì)沒(méi)有做出的選項(xiàng)做出判斷（10-15s），剩下時(shí)間看下一個(gè)section。聽力結(jié)束后，有10m抄寫答案，用4m, 其它時(shí)間推敲答案。f.一般不要檢查，如檢查只檢查是否符合常識(shí) g.不要選擇太絕對(duì)性的判斷

㈡多項(xiàng)選擇題：（選項(xiàng)在5個(gè)以上）（常和表格合在一起出）

1.基本解題思路和單選一致，先掃描問(wèn)題劃出核心詞（遇到生詞：a.猜測(cè)發(fā)音b.劃出作為核心詞）2.多選題會(huì)明確告知正確答案數(shù)量

3.注意答案寫法（一個(gè)空寫一個(gè)，唯一性）4.小心經(jīng)典陷阱

六、填空題

㈠ 單句填空題(所給僅僅是一個(gè)句子，要求填空)1．看題：a.劃核心詞（否定形式要?jiǎng)潱欢ㄖ刈x）b.劃空前后處

2． 聽題：a.注意核心詞或其同義詞的出現(xiàn) b.抓住空前后處的出現(xiàn)。㈡ summary（總結(jié)填空題）

出題頻率高、密度大（遠(yuǎn)高于一般的35~40s/題），難度大（聽到和看到不完全一致，考同義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換）1.只讀出題句子，并劃出核心詞和空前后。2.抓出現(xiàn)空格句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。

3.聽寫時(shí)抓核心詞的同義詞的出現(xiàn)；句子結(jié)構(gòu)的替換；若未聽到同義詞和同意句則抓反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的核心詞 4.可以適當(dāng)割肉。

5.寫答案時(shí)，可以使用簡(jiǎn)寫形式gym,dorm,fridge,u.s.,u.k，或開頭字母，補(bǔ)全在每個(gè)section結(jié)尾做。6.填空關(guān)鍵：能不能抓住句子的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)；能不能把聽到的信息記下來(lái)。（聽寫練習(xí)）

㈢ outline(提綱填空題)信息量比較大,但出題量不大（考驗(yàn)閱讀水平）

1.第一遍讀題時(shí)，當(dāng)作閱讀題來(lái)讀。尋找醒目處：標(biāo)題，副標(biāo)題，黑體字，斜體字，下劃線?? 2.第二遍只看出題句子，并劃出句子中核心詞和空前后 3.聽題：注意核心詞或其同義詞的出現(xiàn)；抓住空前后處的出現(xiàn)。4.其他同summary 經(jīng)典陷阱——如果看到填空題左右有一個(gè)用英文字母表示的數(shù)字，則空中一定填阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字 小技巧：?jiǎn)卧~拼寫不會(huì)可嘗試到題目中去找

七、圖畫題：

1.先看問(wèn)題，后看圖（帶著問(wèn)題看圖）熟悉描述人物外表特征的詞 2.看圖看出差別來(lái)

八、搭配題(解決兩組概念的聯(lián)系)1.迅速瀏覽題目要求，看是否可以進(jìn)行一一搭配

2.迅速瀏覽題干和選項(xiàng)，確定可能的搭配關(guān)系（如果題目和選項(xiàng)數(shù)目一致，則是一一搭配；選項(xiàng)少于題干，少一個(gè)則有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)用兩次，但每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都會(huì)用到；選項(xiàng)大于題干，則每個(gè)選項(xiàng)最多用一次，還有沒(méi)用到的選項(xiàng)。）

3.迅速瀏覽題目和選項(xiàng)，并劃出核心詞。

4.當(dāng)聽力磁帶開始時(shí)，確定聽力磁帶是以題干順序還是以選項(xiàng)順序展開。如果磁帶以選項(xiàng)順序展開，眼睛來(lái)回掃描題干；如果以題干順序展開，眼睛掃描選項(xiàng)。5.實(shí)在聽不懂，則當(dāng)閱讀題做。找題干和選項(xiàng)之間的同義關(guān)系。

九、個(gè)人信息表格：考察寫人名、地名、數(shù)字、專有名詞的能力

1.熟悉?？嫉捻?xiàng)目寫法：姓名、性別、電話號(hào)碼、日期。注意數(shù)字和字母的混 合編碼（郵政編碼、車牌號(hào)）2.掃描題干，畫核心詞。3.注意信息修正和非直接信息

4.分辨十幾和幾十：抓最后的音，確定不了猜幾十

十、圖例題

1.掃描題目要求，確定圖例性質(zhì)，看圖中有無(wú)暗示說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話順序的圖例 2.迅速掃描圖形掃描圖中說(shuō)明性信息，并特別關(guān)注圖形中的特殊符號(hào) 3.圖例題符合順序原則，所填內(nèi)容具有相同性質(zhì) 4.抓依次出現(xiàn)的專有名詞，或一些并列的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

十一、其他： 次序混亂 : 1.常出現(xiàn)在表格題和搭配題中（summary，問(wèn)答題，選擇題一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)）2.看次序混亂是否發(fā)生，主要看example的位置——一般在后邊做題信息前出現(xiàn) 3.如果次序混亂出現(xiàn)，順序原則失效。這時(shí)做題抓橫縱軸交叉點(diǎn)。

高級(jí)解題思路：試圖理解說(shuō)話人的說(shuō)話邏輯、內(nèi)在邏輯

數(shù)字計(jì)算題：

1、最好的方法是寫出演算過(guò)程

2、如聽了一堆數(shù)字則最后一個(gè)為答案

3、男女同學(xué)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)不下時(shí)，聽女同學(xué)的 推理歸納題：（少見(jiàn)，較難）

1、聽完磁帶后憑整體印象猜

2、割肉

3、回頭運(yùn)用技巧做題 ?？紙?chǎng)景

1、租房場(chǎng)景（首先辨別是租房還是買房。租房的規(guī)律為：離市中心越近，房?jī)r(jià)越高，位置稍偏，價(jià)錢會(huì)比較有吸引力，但便宜的房子一般有不理想的地方；另外電話詢問(wèn)看房子時(shí)：意為配備家具。）

2、課外研究場(chǎng)景.（主要是在課外研究一些小的項(xiàng)目，小的調(diào)查研究，包括對(duì)學(xué)校里各個(gè)地方，食品(咖啡、小吃)等價(jià)格的比較。對(duì)這些東西不可不屑一顧，這也是與文化背景有關(guān)，外國(guó)人注重從小培養(yǎng)人的實(shí)踐能力，看《成長(zhǎng)的煩惱》中那個(gè)小男孩本，研究毛毛蟲那么用心就可理解了。這部分主要注意聽力，特別關(guān)注的是人名，并注意先判斷男女。）

3、圖書館場(chǎng)景考點(diǎn)為：使用須知、作品名稱、哪年出版、作者姓名、借出費(fèi)用、幾時(shí)到期、欠款多少等。

4、地理場(chǎng)景(城市基本概況：name, population, climate, language, main industry, main attractions,advantage/disadvantage)一般是司機(jī)、導(dǎo)游

5、計(jì)算機(jī)房場(chǎng)景（計(jì)算機(jī)基本軟硬件術(shù)語(yǔ)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)術(shù)語(yǔ)）

6、選課場(chǎng)景course shopping（課程名稱、課程安排、對(duì)語(yǔ)言的選擇、選擇級(jí)別、選課的時(shí)間和日期以及申請(qǐng)人）

7、新生報(bào)到會(huì)orientation talk（一般向新生介紹學(xué)校的設(shè)施，選課情況，注意事項(xiàng)、學(xué)校的歷史，如何注冊(cè)，應(yīng)該做什么，不應(yīng)該做什么。）

8、度假場(chǎng)景（度假地的選擇、交通工具的選擇和住處的選擇，訂機(jī)票、房間（細(xì)節(jié)）

9、日程活動(dòng)介紹場(chǎng)景（包括會(huì)議、節(jié)日、組織旅游等。要避免經(jīng)典陷阱，即聽力原文出現(xiàn)的并不是所需要的答案。另外?？嫉氖菚?huì)議地點(diǎn)，一般是在國(guó)家的首都。）

10、個(gè)人健康場(chǎng)景如個(gè)人飲食計(jì)劃、營(yíng)養(yǎng)專家做健康膳食設(shè)計(jì)等。

11、授課場(chǎng)景（教授開講座、學(xué)生做論文專題討論等。）把握頭尾

12、學(xué)生銀行服務(wù)

13、電話留言 you have reached + 電話號(hào)碼，please leave the message

optometrist 配鏡師 checkup 檢查

基本技巧訓(xùn)練

一、數(shù)字 1．電話號(hào)碼

a.“0”表示方法，zero，nought, null, nil, nothing等，在ielts考試中“0”常念作“nought”；在電話號(hào)碼中 “0” 讀作字母”oh”,就像在單詞“go”中的發(fā)音。

b.讀電話號(hào)碼總的規(guī)則是：國(guó)家代號(hào)、地區(qū)代號(hào)和具體號(hào)碼分開來(lái)讀，比如中國(guó)北京的一個(gè)電話讀作86，10，87654321，對(duì)于一個(gè)特定地區(qū)的電話，一般來(lái)說(shuō)只有7位或8位。7位的號(hào)碼，讀的時(shí)候前三位一組連在一起，后四位一組連在一起，中間有一個(gè)停頓，比如6254598讀作six two five，four five nine eight；8位的號(hào)碼，可以四個(gè)一組來(lái)讀。

c.兩個(gè)相同數(shù)字或三個(gè)相同的數(shù)字可以用double或triple來(lái)代替，比如2246555可以讀作double two four，six triple five。

d.末尾出現(xiàn)三個(gè)零，可以按“千”來(lái)發(fā)音，如9796000讀作nine seven nine six thousand e.數(shù)字加字母的組合，注意兩個(gè)o和w的區(qū)別 2．門牌號(hào) 以數(shù)量讀出

花園街197號(hào)——garden road one hundred and ninety seven 3.數(shù)量的分位計(jì)數(shù)

billion,million,thousand,看逗號(hào)并與之相應(yīng)單位連接起來(lái)，用英文數(shù)法，先寫下逗號(hào) 4.分?jǐn)?shù)

分子是基數(shù)，分母是序數(shù) 分子大于1時(shí)，分母加s 5.小數(shù) 小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀point 零點(diǎn)幾中的零可省略，直接讀point，0.25——point two five 6.百分比 percent，per cent，% 7.時(shí)間

a.具體日期（dmy或mdy）

建議：日子用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，月份用縮寫：jan，feb, mar, apr, may, jun,jul,aug,sept，oct,nov,dec b.上下午

am/a.m./a.m., am---錯(cuò)誤，下午類推 c.年代

90’s/’90s/90s’ d.世紀(jì)

21世紀(jì)：c21, 21th century 8.計(jì)量和貨幣單位 a.計(jì)量單位

長(zhǎng)度：meter, kilometer, mile(英里)，foot(英尺)，inch（英寸）重量：gram(克)，kilo,pound 容積：liter/litre(升)，gallon（加侖）b.貨幣單位

美、澳、加：u.s.dollar, australian/aus dollar, canadian/can dollar 主幣：dollar，輔幣：cent 英：pound, peny(pl.penies,pency)日：japanese yuan 歐元：euro 9.字母(人名、地名的聽寫)c(see), f(ef), g, h(eitf), n(短en音)，r[ ar)], s(es), z h/a, t/g, s/f, o/l, z/b, r/i, m/n 注：a.第一個(gè)字母大寫（capital）,后面小寫（small）,以小寫開頭會(huì)有特殊交代，有時(shí)有兩個(gè)大寫，如：mcdonald n.麥克唐納（男子名）

b.’s表示所有格，有的人名中本身包含’s,如奧尼爾，飄女主人公的姓 c.(‘a(chǎn)postrophe n.省略符號(hào), 呼語(yǔ))rummy’s is r-u-m-m-y apostrophe s.ninth第九 twelfth第十二 twentieth第二十 ninetieth第九十(one)hundredth第一百 21/2:two and one half;two and a half 42/3our and two-thirds 0.46% : point four six per cent 年份：1840 eighteen forty 1900 nineteen hundred 1992 nineteen ninety-two 全面歸納總結(jié)

一、雅思聽力基本解題思路：讀、猜、聽、寫、查 1.讀猜環(huán)節(jié)：搶時(shí)間讀題，預(yù)測(cè)，猜測(cè)答案的性質(zhì)和類型 2.聽寫環(huán)節(jié)：邊聽邊寫

3.檢查環(huán)節(jié)：（1）每個(gè)section結(jié)束30秒應(yīng)該抽出10—15秒檢查上個(gè)section：補(bǔ)全簡(jiǎn)寫形式；憑印象猜測(cè)答案。

（2）聽力考試結(jié)束后，4分鐘把答案謄寫完畢，邊寫邊檢查拼寫、大小寫、單復(fù)數(shù)、語(yǔ)法。剩余六分種全面檢查，推敲答案。二、十種題型 分題型做，分場(chǎng)景聽

三、做題原則

1．順序原則（聽到多個(gè)可能是答案中，一般正確的是最后一個(gè)）2． 割肉原則：做題要有節(jié)奏感，碰到一題不會(huì)做放棄。

割肉技巧：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人名、數(shù)字、專有名詞不能放棄；抓住兩邊，舍棄中間。想考高分不要輕易割肉。3． 常識(shí)原則：運(yùn)用常識(shí)猜題 4． 積極原則：多猜積極少猜消極。

四、基本技巧

1． 語(yǔ)氣突變要注意（突升或突降）。

2． 雅思聽力中人名注意的問(wèn)題：出現(xiàn)人名，立即判斷其性別 3． 題目中遇到生詞，必須猜測(cè)它的發(fā)音

4． 做完整個(gè)section后再回頭猜測(cè)不會(huì)的答案，并注意和周圍example保持一致。學(xué)會(huì)看例子，從中獲取有用信息。

五、常考內(nèi)容：

1． 數(shù)字，人名，地名5——8題（雅思對(duì)人名的要求：掌握常見(jiàn)英文名的拼寫，可根據(jù)人名判斷性別）2． 常考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：a.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(推斷過(guò)去情況，解釋過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系)，b.定語(yǔ)從句，c.指代關(guān)系

六、判卷

1．聽平時(shí)沒(méi)背過(guò)的的人名、地名，拼寫完全符合英語(yǔ)的發(fā)音規(guī)則，那么絕對(duì)算對(duì) 2． 考官一般以核心詞有否出現(xiàn)作為判斷正誤的標(biāo)志

七、考試要注意的問(wèn)題

1.不是要考九分，有的題目肯定不會(huì)做 2.我不會(huì)做，別人也不會(huì)做

3.每一個(gè)section都是一個(gè)嶄新的開始

4.一定要試好耳機(jī)，出現(xiàn)故障，不要自己動(dòng)，請(qǐng)考官來(lái)?yè)Q

第四篇：新東方四級(jí)聽力筆記

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

新東方四級(jí)聽力筆記

上海新東方四級(jí)精品班Tom（徐星海）老師主講

短對(duì)話部分

短對(duì)話聽力的一些原則

1． 推理原則：一般需對(duì)對(duì)話進(jìn)行推理，故直接在對(duì)話中聽到的一般不是正確答案。2． 挫折原則：通常要辦的事情都是不順利的（如買東西買不到，訂房間客滿等）3． 男女原則：一般男生比較衰，女生比較牛。男生提出的觀點(diǎn)女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的觀點(diǎn)男生都是同意和贊賞的。

男生的特征：臟、亂、差、浪費(fèi)、窮、小氣、不良習(xí)慣、遲鈍、不顧家

女生的特征：愛(ài)干凈、節(jié)約、富有、好學(xué)、能干、聰明、大度、耐心、戀家、除數(shù)理化外成績(jī)都很好。

4． 父母一般只有一個(gè)作用教育子女好好學(xué)習(xí)

5． 除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）發(fā)生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地點(diǎn)推測(cè)題類似 at home / at Mary’s home之類的選項(xiàng)一般都是不對(duì)的。6． 四級(jí)聽力短對(duì)話只考日常生活學(xué)習(xí)中遇得到事情，問(wèn)題，故如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)一些日常生活中不太可能發(fā)生或很少發(fā)生的事情一般不會(huì)是正確選項(xiàng)

短對(duì)話十大場(chǎng)景及一般思路

1． 借車：車一般是借不到的

2． 吃：匹薩，海鮮吃了一般會(huì)有不適反應(yīng)，―派‖一般比較好吃

3． 考試：作業(yè)、論文一般比較難，或須要熬夜。教授一般比較嚴(yán)厲，選修課較難較多

4． 坐車（飛機(jī)、輪船）：一般都需要等 5． 事故（災(zāi)難）：光明原則，一般不會(huì)死人

6． 聽講座：題目一般是比較有趣豐富的，內(nèi)容一般是比較復(fù)雜難懂的 7． 論文：一般需要修改（polish）或重寫（rewrite）

8． 休閑：男生一般喜歡待在家里看TV或者看movie，女生一般喜歡高雅藝術(shù)如theater

9． 醫(yī)院：需要預(yù)約make an appointment 10買票：基本上是買不到的 短對(duì)話的常見(jiàn)場(chǎng)景

1.學(xué)校場(chǎng)景 課程分類

Optional course 選修課 Required course 必修課 Day course 白天的課 Evening course 晚上的課

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的科目或?qū)I(yè) Chinese 中文 English 英語(yǔ)

mathematic 數(shù)學(xué) history 歷史 chemistry 化學(xué) Literature 文學(xué) 考試

Final exam 期終考試 middle exam 期中考試 make up 補(bǔ)考 test測(cè)驗(yàn)

pop test 事先沒(méi)有說(shuō)好的測(cè)驗(yàn) quiz 測(cè)驗(yàn) oral test 口試 考試臨近

draw on / in sight of / draw nearly 考試延期或取消

delay / be off / defer / hold up / postpone 學(xué)校分類

public school 公立學(xué)校 private school 私立學(xué)校 religious school 教會(huì)學(xué)校 學(xué)校中的人 president 校長(zhǎng) dean 院長(zhǎng) professor 教授 lecturer 講師

coordinator 管理員 doctor 博士 master 碩士 bachelor 學(xué)士

freshman 大一新生 sophomore 大二學(xué)生 junior 大三學(xué)生 senior 大四學(xué)生 圖書館

借書 lend / borrow / check out 參考書 reference book 續(xù)借 renew 過(guò)期 overdue 還書 return 罰金 fine

/ put off / suspend 天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

attend / have a lecture 上課 cut a class 逃課

miss a class 錯(cuò)過(guò)了課 scholarship 榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 assistantship 助教獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 teaching assistant 助教 research assistant 助研 semester 學(xué)期

2.交通運(yùn)輸場(chǎng)景 fare 車票 licence 駕照

rush hours 高峰時(shí)間 traffic jam 交通堵塞 overtake 超車

one way street 單行道 over speed 超速 police officer 交警 ticket 罰單 fine 罰金

fast way / express way / high way 高速公路 motor way 機(jī)動(dòng)車道 super way 飛機(jī)機(jī)動(dòng)車道 free way 免費(fèi)高速公路

交通工具（出現(xiàn)頻率從高到低）

plane / train（女）/ bus / bike（女）/ walk（女）（女）：女生比較喜歡 tunnel / channel 隧道 ring road 環(huán)線

subway（美）/ underground（英）地鐵 metro 地道地鐵 underpass人行地道 overhead 輕軌 flyover 人行天橋 mag – lev 磁懸浮 take a taxi 乘出租車

call a taxi 招出租車/訂出租車 catch a train / bus 趕火車/汽車 3.電話場(chǎng)景

mobile phone 手機(jī) pay phone 公用電話

telephone box/booth 電話亭 yellow page 黃頁(yè)

/ taxi 天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

dial（撥電話號(hào)碼）/ press（按電話號(hào)碼）extension 分機(jī) operator 總機(jī) put~through 接通

wrong number / there is no one by this name 電話號(hào)碼錯(cuò)了/ 沒(méi)有這個(gè)人 is not in 不在？be not in hold on 不要掛斷，稍等 take/leave a message 留言 hang up / get off 掛斷 credit call 記賬式電話

bill the call into the 3rd party 免費(fèi)電話 collect call 對(duì)方付費(fèi)電話

4.機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景

plane / craft 飛機(jī) book 訂票

timetable 時(shí)間表 destination 目的地 open ticket one way ticket 單程票 round trip ticket 來(lái)回票

non-stop / direct flight 直航

transfer / lay over / stop over 轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)

first / business / economy cabin 頭等 / 商務(wù) / 經(jīng)濟(jì) 艙 confirm the flight 確認(rèn)航班 check in 登記

boarding card 登機(jī)牌 security check 安檢 see off 送行 送別時(shí)的祝語(yǔ)

keep in touch 保持聯(lián)系 safe landing 安全著陸 board 登機(jī) take off 起飛 departure 離港

safety / sect belt 安全帶 land 著陸 arrival 進(jìn)港 pick up 接機(jī)

5.公司場(chǎng)景

job vacancy 有空缺職位 letter of application 求職信 resume 簡(jiǎn)歷

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

resume包括幾部分

basic / personal info.基本信息/個(gè)人資料 academic background 教育背景 work experience 工作經(jīng)驗(yàn) certificates and honours interview 面試 offer 聘用信

work experience 工作經(jīng)驗(yàn) work overtime 加班 ask for a raise 加錢 wage 周薪 salary 日薪 bonus獎(jiǎng)金 allowance 津貼

annual income 年收入 promotion 升職 fire 解雇 resign 辭職 retire 退休 laid-off 下崗

work / job / career / course 工作 post / position / vocation / title 職務(wù) 假期休息的說(shuō)法（依次是從大到?。﹉oliday 假日，假期 vacation 休假

annual leave 年假 sick leave 病假 rest 休息

break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息 coffee break away 離開一會(huì) 公司職位從大到小

chairman of the board

president--general manager—manager – department manager—head – officer – specialist（專員）--clerk

6.租房場(chǎng)景

live on campus 住校 live off campus 住校外 for sale 可銷售的房子

for rent / lease 可出租的房子 to let 同上 rent 租金

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

utilities 公用事業(yè)費(fèi) location 位置

suburb / downtown 市郊 / 市中心 condition 住房條件 furnished 配家具 unfurnished 無(wú)裝修 leaking 漏水 blackout 斷電 environment 環(huán)境 transportation 交通 land lord 房東

land lady 房東太太 tenant 房客

roommate 室友

好的室友：neat 整潔的 considerate 體貼的，細(xì)心的不好的室友：messy / untidy 臟亂的 noisy 吵鬧的

7.醫(yī)院場(chǎng)景

see a doctor 去醫(yī)院看醫(yī)生 send for a doctor 讓醫(yī)生出診

health center / clinic 衛(wèi)生所 / 門診部 physician 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 surgeon 外科醫(yī)生 dentist 牙醫(yī)

make an appointment 預(yù)約 emergency 急診

check up / exam 檢查

cold（感冒）—— flu（流感）—— headache（頭痛）—— sore throat（嗓子痛）——

fever（發(fā)燒）—— toothache（牙疼）—— stomachache（胃疼）prescribe 開藥方 pill / tablet 藥片 liquid 喝藥水

injection => shot 注射 operation 手術(shù)

medical result 診斷結(jié)果

8.賓館場(chǎng)景

make a reservation 預(yù)訂房間 confirm a reservation 確認(rèn)預(yù)訂 cancel a reservation 取消預(yù)訂 fully booked / full up / full 客滿 porter 行旅員

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

tips 小費(fèi)

reception 前臺(tái) check in 登記入住 single room 單人房

double room 一張大床的雙人房 twin room 兩張單人床的雙人房 suite 套房

bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 廁所

room service 客房服務(wù)（四級(jí)聽力中的客房服務(wù)一般只有考一種——送餐）lounge 男士用休息區(qū) lobby 大堂

business center 商務(wù)中心 salon 美容廳 ball 舞廳 bar 酒吧

night club 夜總會(huì) check out 退房

9.郵局場(chǎng)景

post / send / mail 寄 letter / mail 信

registered mail 掛號(hào)信 regular mail平信 airmail 航空信

parcel / package 包裹 telegram / cable 電報(bào) rate 費(fèi)率

overweight 超重 postage 郵資 email 電子郵件 reply 回復(fù) forward 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)

cc（carbon copy）抄送

bcc（blind carbon copy）秘密抄送 subject 主題

attach 附件attachment

10.飯店場(chǎng)景 eat out 出去吃 take away 外帶 fast food 快餐

book a table 訂位子

waiter / waitness 服務(wù)員waitress menu 菜單

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

order 點(diǎn)菜

appetizer 開胃菜 main course 主食 dessert 餐后甜點(diǎn) bill 賬單

service charge 服務(wù)費(fèi) change 找零 tips 小費(fèi)

keep the change 不用找零了

11．其他 closed 關(guān)門 open 開門

office hours / business hours / working hours 工作時(shí)間，營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間 關(guān)于開關(guān)

power on / off 開/關(guān) turn on / off 開/關(guān)

switch on / off 開/ 關(guān)（這個(gè)詞只能用于與電有關(guān)的開關(guān)，不能用于水龍頭之類的開關(guān)）干杯 cheers

propose a toast to bottom up the best book 最好的書圣經(jīng) the best thing 最好的事情選擇 the last thing 最不愿意做的事情 the last man 最不愿意見(jiàn)的人 best seller 暢銷的東西 sell up 賣完，賣光 售罄

sell out賣完，賣光 售罄 / 出賣朋友或原則 sell off 低價(jià)處理庫(kù)存商品 selling machine 自動(dòng)售貨機(jī) selling point 賣點(diǎn) count the days 渴望

count on = dependent / rely on depend on count in 把……考慮在內(nèi) count for nothing 一錢不值 count for little 無(wú)足輕重 count for much 舉足輕重 count down 倒計(jì)時(shí) count up 相加 count up to 共計(jì) 關(guān)于旅行 travel

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

journey 陸上長(zhǎng)途旅行 trip 陸上短途旅行 outing 遠(yuǎn)足 stroll 散步 wander 徘徊 picnic 野餐 camping 野營(yíng) tour 周游

cruise 水上短途旅行 voyage 水上長(zhǎng)途旅行

關(guān)于死亡的說(shuō)法

沒(méi)有感情色彩的：die / end up / meat one’s death / decease 褒義的： pass away 貶義的：kick the bucket

關(guān)于和別人相處的好的說(shuō)法

get on with = get along(well)with be in good term with live in peace with 關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào) point out emphasize lay / put emphasis on give emphasis to 達(dá)成協(xié)議找到出路 find a way out

reach an agreement reach a consensus 關(guān)于―得失‖

gains and losses give and take

關(guān)于拜訪

drop in / at / over / by stop in / over / by call on sb call at / round sw look in / up pay a visit to pay / make a call to

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

關(guān)于碰見(jiàn)，偶遇 come across run into bump into happen to meet 關(guān)于花錢、花費(fèi)的詞 Take Spend Cost Charge Pay Buy

關(guān)于水 water

running / tap ~ 自來(lái)水 fresh ~ 活水 still ~ 死水 pure ~ 純凈水 purified ~ 凈化水 mineral ~ 礦泉水

be used to do 被用于 be used to dong習(xí)慣于

get used to doing 漸漸習(xí)慣于 used to do 過(guò)去常常

單復(fù)數(shù)意思不太一樣的詞 ruin 毀滅 ruins 廢墟

authority 權(quán)威 authorities 當(dāng)局 brain 頭腦 brains 智力，智慧 custom 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣 customs 海關(guān)

damage 破壞，損壞 damages 賠償費(fèi) ground 地面 土地 grounds 院子，監(jiān)獄 manner 禮貌 方式 manners 外貌 minute 分鐘 minutes 會(huì)議記錄 paper 紙張 papers 試卷 time 時(shí)間 times 時(shí)代

關(guān)于―調(diào)查‖ research survey 市場(chǎng)調(diào)查

opinion poll 名義調(diào)查民意調(diào)查 questionnaire 問(wèn)卷調(diào)查

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

investigation 很正式的調(diào)查 interview 會(huì)見(jiàn)，訪談 belong to 屬于 participate in 參加

be engaged in 從事、參加

be involved in 卷入 消磨時(shí)間 kill time pass time count one’s thumbs 用完、缺少 run out of be short of

be lack in lack of / in

a little 一點(diǎn) not a little 很多 a bit 一點(diǎn) not a bit 一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有

短對(duì)話中常用單詞和句型

1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的說(shuō)法 expect / hope / wish be eager / anxious /dying to look for ward to wait / yean / thirst / long for can not wait counting the days

2.下列詞語(yǔ)與―but‖一樣含有轉(zhuǎn)折的的意思 actually well really in fact as a matter of fact to tell you the truth

3.表示建議的句型

how about…… 做……如何 I heard about…… 我聽說(shuō)…… If I were you …… 如果我是你……

It seems to me that…… 在我看來(lái)似乎……

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

Let’s …… shall we ? 讓我們……怎么樣？ Let us …… will you ? 讓我們……怎么樣？ Shall I / we ……

What about …… 做……如何

Why don’t you …… 你為什么不…… Why not + 動(dòng)詞原型 為什么不…… Would you like …… 你要……嗎？

Wouldn’t …… be better / wiser 做……不是更好嗎？ 4.表示同意、附和的句型 I agree with you Exactly

I couldn’t agree with you more / better I think so I can’t wait any minute Believe it or not I will …… if 假如……我就會(huì) It’s my turn 輪到我了 我請(qǐng)客 Why not ? You are right

I guess so 我猜也是 No problem 沒(méi)問(wèn)題 Of cause

Out of question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) So do I / me too 我也是

Sure / absolutely / beautiful 當(dāng)然，很好 Good idea

That sounds really nice 聽起來(lái)真不錯(cuò)

5.表示詢問(wèn)的句型

Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么問(wèn)題嗎？

Can you give me some ideas 可以給我一些建議嗎？ Do you know …… Do you want to……

Do you find any wrong with 你覺(jué)得……有什么不對(duì)勁嗎？ How long will it take 做什么要花多久 I am thinking of …… 我正在考慮做…… I suppose think …… 我猜想……

What’s your plane plan 你的計(jì)劃是什么？ What happens if …… 如果……怎么辦？ What shall we do 我們?cè)撛趺醋觯?6.表示否定的句型

Actually / as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上…… How can you do sth 你怎么可以……

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

I can’t afford any disturbance 不要再煩我 I couldn’t agree with you I didn’t men to 我本不打算 I don’t think so

It doesn’t matter 無(wú)所謂 I wish …… 但愿……

I’d like to but 我很愿意但是…… I’d love to but I just can’t bear I am afraid not I am sorry but …… is not everything ……不是關(guān)鍵 no bother / why bother 不要麻煩 no , thanks really That’s his opinion To tell you the truth Well , as far as I know

7.表示―不得不‖

have to 表示客觀上不得不做某事 must 主觀上的必須做某事 be bound to cannot but have no choice but 8.表示―遲到‖ behind time be delayed / overdue behind schedule be late

9.表示―緊張‖ tremble shake all over get one’s tongue tied have one’s mind go blank nervous

10.以下詞組聽到后意思取反 mean to 想要…… planned to 原計(jì)劃…… intended to 原打算…… tended to

used to 過(guò)去常常……

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

11.以下句型要引起重視，重點(diǎn)聽取，就算本身不是考點(diǎn)也一定直接引向考點(diǎn) 反意疑問(wèn)句(……，didn’t you ?)反問(wèn)句 倒裝句

助動(dòng)詞 do / did / does it is …… that / who / when…… 的句型

正確答案的特征

1． 含義肯定的不是正確選項(xiàng)，模糊的是正確選項(xiàng) 意思具體的不是正確選項(xiàng)，概括的是正確選項(xiàng) 意思詳細(xì)的不是正確選項(xiàng)，抽象的是正確選項(xiàng) 意思膚淺的不是正確選項(xiàng)，深刻的是正確選項(xiàng) 2． 含有一下單詞的一般是正確選項(xiàng)

neither / either / also / besides / almost / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none 3． 含有以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)的一般可能是正確選項(xiàng)

系表結(jié)構(gòu)（系動(dòng)詞+標(biāo)語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)）比較結(jié)構(gòu)（……than……）復(fù)合句 4． 含有四級(jí)詞匯替換項(xiàng)的一般是正確選項(xiàng)

5． 表示―同意或不同意‖，―喜歡或不喜歡‖，―應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該的‖的一般為正確選項(xiàng) 6． 以下三種選項(xiàng)一般其中有一個(gè)可能是正確選項(xiàng) 反意項(xiàng) 形似項(xiàng)近似項(xiàng)

7． 同意項(xiàng)不可能是正確選項(xiàng)，等例排除。等立排除 8． 絕對(duì)化選項(xiàng)，一般不是正確答案，可直接排除 關(guān)于時(shí)間推斷題 1． 直接聽到的不選

2． 極限值即值最大和最小的選項(xiàng)一般不選

關(guān)于數(shù)字計(jì)算題

1． 災(zāi)難題（如飛機(jī)失事、交通事故）：一般選總和 2． 號(hào)碼題

double 表示兩個(gè)，double two =22 triple 表示三個(gè)，triple two = 222 凡是遇到一時(shí)反映不過(guò)來(lái)或聽不懂的數(shù)字一般為―0‖ 3． 價(jià)格計(jì)算題

打折題discount discount of 10% 表示打9折 此類題目一般選第二大的數(shù)字（最大的一般是原價(jià)，第二大的一般就是打完折的）

單價(jià)題 one / each 此類題目較難也很少考，一般在有倍數(shù)關(guān)系的一對(duì)數(shù)字中選小的那個(gè)

語(yǔ)段題部分 語(yǔ)段題概述

從文章題材來(lái)分：三分之二考說(shuō)明文，三分之一考記敘文，偶爾也考議論文，新聞報(bào)道

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

從文章內(nèi)容來(lái)分：二分之一考社科類，三分之一考故事，其他還考自然科學(xué)，人物傳記

語(yǔ)段題?？康陌朔N文章

1． 學(xué)校題材（劍橋大學(xué)等）

重點(diǎn)：學(xué)校的地理位置，資金來(lái)源，校園環(huán)境，師生情況，課程情況，圖書館，課外活動(dòng)，學(xué)校特色

2． 機(jī)構(gòu)介紹（監(jiān)獄，圖書館等）重點(diǎn)：地點(diǎn)，規(guī)模，制度，專業(yè) 3． 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)

重點(diǎn)：轟動(dòng)效應(yīng)，背景（產(chǎn)生的原因），大眾觀點(diǎn)，作者態(tài)度 4． 災(zāi)難題（毒品，車禍等）

重點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)栴}類型，起因，危害，解決方法（尤其是科學(xué)家、研究人員提出的事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)、方法、結(jié)論）5． 新聞?lì)}

重點(diǎn)：when where who why which(what)how 6． 人物題

重點(diǎn)：生卒年月、出生地、成就（貢獻(xiàn)）、坎坷遭遇、結(jié)局 7． 科普題（太陽(yáng)風(fēng)等）

重點(diǎn)：物體特征、形成原因、分類、最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)和初步結(jié)論 8． 故事

重點(diǎn)：主人公遭遇、變故、主人公做的決定、原因、結(jié)局

語(yǔ)段題10大解題原則

1． 聽即原則：所聽即所得，聽到什么就選什么（正好與短對(duì)話相反，短對(duì)話時(shí)聽到的一般不選）

2． 重讀原則：某單詞被反復(fù)讀到或是在語(yǔ)音上加以重讀，因引起重視如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)很可能是正確答案

3． 順序原則：出題順序一般與行文順序相同除了主題題和部分說(shuō)明文

4． 主題原則：主題一般出現(xiàn)在段落的頭尾部分，所以要集中精力聽清前三句話和最后兩句話

5． 原因原則：凡出現(xiàn)表示原因，目的的很有可能是考點(diǎn)如：because so as 等詞前后要著重聽

6． 轉(zhuǎn)則原則：凡出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)則的詞如：but however yet 等，后面的句子往往是考點(diǎn)，要引起重視

7． 光明原則：事情一般都是向著好的方面發(fā)展的，主人公多數(shù)是大難不死的，事情總是逢兇化吉，絕處逢生的 8． 男女原則：同短對(duì)話

9． 窮學(xué)生原則：學(xué)生一般都是比較窮的，不能繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)一般都是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)原因，因?yàn)楦F一般還比較喜歡DIY一些東西

10．偏怪小原則：一般故事總是稀奇古怪的，經(jīng)過(guò)總是曲折離奇的，結(jié)局總是出人意料的。宗旨就是意料之外、情理之中 語(yǔ)段題的做提步驟

1． 先預(yù)讀備選項(xiàng)，從備選項(xiàng)推測(cè)文章的體裁和大致內(nèi)容

2． 更據(jù)十大原則和該類文章的重點(diǎn)大致推測(cè)考點(diǎn)可能出現(xiàn)的位置

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

3． 聽語(yǔ)段，尤其抓住標(biāo)志詞，確定考點(diǎn)

4． 聽問(wèn)題，將原文的意思對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)。確定考點(diǎn)后用原文對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng) 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)一般有四種情況按難度依次為 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)：選項(xiàng)中的用詞和原文完全一樣

同義復(fù)現(xiàn)：選項(xiàng)中用一個(gè)同義詞或詞組替換原文中的詞近義復(fù)現(xiàn)：選項(xiàng)與原文意思相近，但換了一種表達(dá)方式

反意復(fù)現(xiàn)：選項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)正好相反，但意思是一樣的如：原文說(shuō)如果怎樣就會(huì)怎樣，選項(xiàng)說(shuō)如果不怎么樣就會(huì)如何。十大類標(biāo)志詞

據(jù)研究有90%以上的考點(diǎn)都是由標(biāo)志詞引導(dǎo)活提示的，因此在語(yǔ)段聽力中聽到下列標(biāo)志詞時(shí)要引起高度的重視，集中注意力聽清標(biāo)志詞前后的句子。

1． 最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞

形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)、most / chief / primary / main / leading / …… 2． 唯一級(jí)標(biāo)志詞

only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / …… 3． 因果項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的問(wèn)句 / …… 4． 轉(zhuǎn)則項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞

despite / in spite of / instead / while / from ~ to ~ / although ~（yet）~ / not only ~ but also ~ / …… 5． 序數(shù)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

所有的序數(shù)詞（first , second）/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / …… 6． 時(shí)間項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / …… 7． 解釋項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / …… 8． 目的項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞 to / for / ……

9． 總結(jié)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / …… 10．強(qiáng)調(diào)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞

副詞：especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / ……

動(dòng)詞：show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / ……

說(shuō)明文的特點(diǎn)及解題技巧

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

說(shuō)明文的選項(xiàng)特征

1． 選項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)潔概括、不完整句子居多，最多有一至二題細(xì)節(jié)體

2． 選項(xiàng)往往比較抽象，一般以 it / they / man / woman /等抽象名詞做主語(yǔ) 3． 選項(xiàng)往往表達(dá)因果、目的、手段的小詞 如：because / by / to 4． 選項(xiàng)具備科學(xué)性、客觀性的特點(diǎn)，但選項(xiàng)之間缺乏邏輯關(guān)系

說(shuō)明文的文章特點(diǎn)

1． 文章緊緊圍繞一個(gè)事物或事件進(jìn)行描述，深入淺出，要求知其所以然 2． 文章緊扣一個(gè)中心事物，著重描寫一個(gè)熟悉事物的與眾不同處

3． 語(yǔ)言平實(shí)、簡(jiǎn)潔、明白，有時(shí)會(huì)用以下修辭方法：分類法、舉例子、做比較、列數(shù)字

4． 層次結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，多為總分結(jié)構(gòu)

5． 開篇引題，重點(diǎn)不分明。但以設(shè)問(wèn)開頭的說(shuō)明文除外。

標(biāo)志詞常出現(xiàn)的位置 1． 在每個(gè)層次的啟承處

判斷個(gè)層次的啟承主要有兩種方法一種是聽序數(shù)項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞如：on the other hand / another / second等等；第二種是聽―氣‖即語(yǔ)速，語(yǔ)音，語(yǔ)調(diào)有所變化的地方。2． 段落開頭、結(jié)尾處，前三后二 科技類說(shuō)明文

重點(diǎn)注意三個(gè)―age‖即 advantage 優(yōu)勢(shì) disadvantage 劣勢(shì) usage 用途

環(huán)境類說(shuō)明文

重點(diǎn)在于產(chǎn)生環(huán)境問(wèn)題的原因及解決方法 實(shí)驗(yàn)類說(shuō)明文 重點(diǎn)在于：

實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、?shí)驗(yàn)手段、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果 演講類說(shuō)明文 重點(diǎn)在于：

演講主題、說(shuō)話人的觀點(diǎn)、文章走向 應(yīng)該重視的原則 聽即原則 主題原則 層次原則 原因原則 轉(zhuǎn)折原則

求異原則 注意事物的與眾不同處

替換原則 數(shù)字，年代等一般需要重新定位

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

記敘文的特點(diǎn)及解題技巧

記敘文的內(nèi)容一般為記敘人物經(jīng)歷，故事、事物發(fā)展過(guò)程、游記等 記敘文的選項(xiàng)特征

1． 提供大量細(xì)節(jié)，選項(xiàng)中經(jīng)常有時(shí)間名、地點(diǎn)名、人物名。

2． 選項(xiàng)基本是完整的句子主語(yǔ)常為he / she / the man / the women 3． 選項(xiàng)多位敘述性的句子，比一般說(shuō)明文來(lái)的長(zhǎng) 4． 選項(xiàng)符合時(shí)間順序，但沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系 記敘文的文章特點(diǎn)

1． 人物簡(jiǎn)單，事實(shí)清楚，中心明確 2． 故事情節(jié)相對(duì)完整 3． 故事本身無(wú)主題無(wú)重點(diǎn)

4． 寫作方法一般有順敘和倒敘兩種，以順敘為主倒敘為輔 5． 敘述順序一般有兩種：時(shí)間順序和事務(wù)發(fā)展順序 記敘文可能出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn) 1． 考主題 前三句后兩句 2． 考原因 3． 考轉(zhuǎn)折

4． 靠順序，時(shí)間順序，事物發(fā)展順序

5． 考對(duì)話，可在選項(xiàng)旁邊適當(dāng)做筆記如：a選項(xiàng)是tom說(shuō)的那就在a旁邊寫個(gè)t，反之如果選項(xiàng)是人名，那么就在每個(gè)人名邊上寫下這人說(shuō)的話中最關(guān)鍵的一詞 記敘文解題應(yīng)該重視的原則

1． 聽即原則，尤其重視重讀、重讀現(xiàn)象 2． 主題原則，段首往往是考點(diǎn)

3． 特別重視三類標(biāo)志詞：因果 轉(zhuǎn)折 時(shí)間 4． 光明原則：事情一般都是逢兇化吉的

5． 偏怪小原則：事情結(jié)局一般總是出人意料的，如果沒(méi)聽清楚切忌按常理推斷，要猜也要猜最偏最怪的那個(gè)

新聞稿類型文章的特點(diǎn)及解題思路

新聞稿的選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn) 1． 選項(xiàng)具有時(shí)效性 2． 選項(xiàng)具有災(zāi)難性 新聞稿的文章特點(diǎn)

1． 文章敘事的結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：金字塔型和倒金字塔型。四級(jí)聽力語(yǔ)段一般為金字塔型，即最重要的放在最前面，導(dǎo)語(yǔ)引領(lǐng)全文

2． 注重實(shí)效性，在原文和選項(xiàng)中都體現(xiàn)出剛發(fā)生的感覺(jué)，有時(shí)還會(huì)涉及將來(lái)時(shí) 3． 內(nèi)容一般是兩大類：天災(zāi)，人禍 新聞稿可能出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn) 1． 考導(dǎo)語(yǔ)即第一句話

2． 靠賓語(yǔ) 即語(yǔ)段中線類似 It is said / reported / pronounces / declared /……/ that …… 這樣的句子，那么―that‖后面的句子是極有可能是考點(diǎn)。3． 考查四方面的信息：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、數(shù)字

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

4． 考轉(zhuǎn)折 5． 考原因

議論文章的特點(diǎn)及解題思 議論文的選項(xiàng)特征

1． 選項(xiàng)多位概括性的句子 2． 選項(xiàng)有表明觀點(diǎn)的作用 3． 選項(xiàng)有內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系 議論文文章特點(diǎn)

1． 在三大要素中（論點(diǎn)、論證、論據(jù)）論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)是文章的重點(diǎn)。論點(diǎn)一般在文章開頭，篇尾也會(huì)點(diǎn)題

2． 文章通俗易懂，道理淺顯，說(shuō)理的過(guò)程敘事化 3． 主題明確，圍繞一個(gè)論點(diǎn)展開

4． 層次結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，一般為總分總結(jié)構(gòu)。小論點(diǎn)明顯，態(tài)度鮮明 議論文的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)

1． 考論點(diǎn)，中心論點(diǎn)和分論點(diǎn)都是必考的

2． 考問(wèn)答，文章中出現(xiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)及其回答都是很重要的 3． 考觀點(diǎn)：如think……，suppose ……

4． 標(biāo)志詞（最高級(jí)標(biāo)志詞，唯一級(jí)標(biāo)志詞，原因項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞，轉(zhuǎn)折項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞）

復(fù)合式聽寫部分

復(fù)合式聽寫答題順序及技巧

聽之前：pre – listening 1． 對(duì)全文進(jìn)行全局性預(yù)覽：尤其是第一句（topic）最后一句(conclusion)2． 觀察空格前后的特殊現(xiàn)象，判斷詞性，單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài) 聽之時(shí)：while-listening

原則：精聽，速記，以聽為主，以記為輔。如何速記

1． 省略虛詞如：如冠詞，助動(dòng)詞等

2． 遇到詞組記每個(gè)單詞首字母如 break down 就記作B D，但一定要自己看得懂的

3． 長(zhǎng)單詞記前三個(gè)字母 如：experience 就記作 exp 4． 符號(hào)記憶 如：more than 就記作‖>‖ less than 記作 ―<‖ equal to 記作 ―=‖等等

5． 混合記憶 就是把上面幾種方法混合起來(lái)用，還可以?shī)A雜中文字等等

6． 隨便記憶 如果實(shí)在一時(shí)想不出是什么詞，就用拼音，音標(biāo)或者讀音相近的詞先把他記下來(lái)?？傊褪遣还軐?duì)錯(cuò)，先把大致讀音記下來(lái)再說(shuō)，然后等有時(shí)間再慢慢研究。

7． 無(wú)論采取何種記錄方法最重要的原則是記得自己看得懂，待會(huì)能很方便的回想和復(fù)原出來(lái)。不要記得到時(shí)候自己也想不起來(lái)是什么東西。

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

聽之后：after – listening 全面檢查和補(bǔ)全前面記錄下的東西 1． 檢查漏詞

a 檢查漏掉的：介詞（in on at ……），冠詞（a an the），代詞(it this that ……)

b 漏詞綴：漏掉單詞前綴，漏掉非謂語(yǔ)形式（―ing‖……），漏掉過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（最容易出錯(cuò)的是以下四個(gè)短語(yǔ) decided to / surprised to / learned to / started to）2． 檢查錯(cuò)詞

a 長(zhǎng)單詞容易發(fā)生拼寫錯(cuò)誤，要仔細(xì)檢查一遍

b 短單詞容易和同音異義詞混淆，檢查時(shí)要和上下文連起來(lái)看看意思是不是對(duì) 3． 檢查大小寫

人名 地名 國(guó)家名 時(shí)間名（月份什么）節(jié)日名 書名 文件名 商標(biāo)名 歷史事件名 宗教名首字都要大寫 句首單詞首字母也要大寫

4． 檢查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)，動(dòng)詞事態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)

關(guān)于最后三句話的聽寫注意事項(xiàng)和技巧

這個(gè)三句話一般比較難，要全部聽出來(lái)有一定難度。但無(wú)論如何有兩點(diǎn)要避免，1． 把句子寫成一個(gè)個(gè)單詞，把沒(méi)聽見(jiàn)的地方位置空出來(lái)。這個(gè)是絕對(duì)不可取的，老師看都不用看肯定扣分。因?yàn)檫@都不是句子嘛！

2． 把句子的內(nèi)容不斷的涂改，搞的卷面非常難看。這個(gè)首先給老師的印象就很惡劣，然后如果有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤本來(lái)可以扣0.5分，1分什么的，這下就說(shuō)不定全部扣光了

所以不管對(duì)錯(cuò)都要把句子寫成貌似像一個(gè)句子，要整潔不要涂涂改改，最好還沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。一般可以有四種做法：

1． 逐字逐句聽寫（適合比較簡(jiǎn)單的句子或比較牛的同學(xué)）2． 聽懂之后寫句子大意，無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤（適合于比較長(zhǎng)的句子）

比較常用的方法是判斷這句話表達(dá)的是正面的意思還是反面的意思，正面的意思嘗試用 it is good / important 之類的句子改寫 反面的意思嘗試用 it is bad / harmful 之類的句子改寫

3． 前后隨便抄一句（反正空著也是空著，就隨便寫一句咯。：P 因?yàn)殚喚砝蠋熤挥写鸢笡](méi)有考卷的啦。對(duì)是肯定不對(duì)的但總比空著強(qiáng)）

4． 呵呵，連隨便抄抄這種方法也講了，還剩下什么呢？這個(gè)我就不說(shuō)了，估計(jì)大多數(shù)人也是不會(huì)用地說(shuō) ：）

反正做復(fù)合式聽寫不管聽得如何最重要的就是死也不能空著！因?yàn)殚喚砝蠋熞惶煲膸装俜菥碜?，空著太醒目了一看就是扣分，而且給老師的第一印象就是這個(gè)同學(xué)水平很差然后說(shuō)不定就沒(méi)興趣看了。單詞實(shí)在不會(huì)拼，千萬(wàn)不要空著，如有一兩個(gè)字母吃不準(zhǔn)可以寫的花一點(diǎn)即像這個(gè)又像那個(gè)。如果完全不會(huì)拼就隨便按照發(fā)音規(guī)則拼一個(gè)貌似的單詞。句子么前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)了一定要寫得貌似一個(gè)完整的句子。反正錯(cuò)了是理所當(dāng)然的因?yàn)楸緛?lái)就不對(duì)，沒(méi)什么好后悔，but(強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折)萬(wàn)一閱卷的老師眼神不好算你對(duì)了，那是就檢了便宜了啦。

最后說(shuō)幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)

1． 切忌拿到考卷就去翻看作文題，因?yàn)槟菢訒?huì)打亂你正常的思路，或不知不覺(jué)開始構(gòu)思或造成不必要的緊張，而這都勢(shì)必會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響你聽力的效果。作文最后

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

有專門整塊的時(shí)間可以構(gòu)思和寫作，完全沒(méi)有必要這樣迫不及待。

2． 拿到考卷后除了填準(zhǔn)考證什么的就因馬上把思想集中在聽力部分，因?yàn)檫@是考試中唯一只有一次機(jī)會(huì)的題目。機(jī)不可失，失不再來(lái)。

3． 預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該從最后一篇文章往前讀，因?yàn)閟ection b 的 direction 很較短且選項(xiàng)難度也較大，所以很可能會(huì)來(lái)不及讀的。所以尤其是后兩篇文章的選項(xiàng)一定要先讀，第一篇實(shí)在來(lái)不及還可以在direction時(shí)讀。但在預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)時(shí)，耳朵一定要注意聽 當(dāng)聽到section a 的 direction 讀到中間有個(gè)―therefore‖這個(gè)單詞時(shí)（這個(gè)單詞在那個(gè)例子講完后一點(diǎn)），無(wú)論看到哪里都馬上停下來(lái)回到section a 讀第一題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)楱Dtherefore‖這個(gè)單詞到第一題開始正好是10秒，而后面每一題的間隔也正好是10秒。大家一定要讓自己適應(yīng)在10秒內(nèi)讀完四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要知道如果來(lái)不及的話也就意味著后面的題目你統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都來(lái)不及，因?yàn)楹竺娴?0秒還要去除答前面一題的時(shí)間呢。

4． 答題的時(shí)間一般最長(zhǎng)不要超過(guò)4秒至少要留6秒時(shí)間給下一道題的預(yù)讀。前6秒答題，后8秒預(yù)讀下一題選項(xiàng)。超過(guò)4秒還選不出答案的要么就隨便選，要么就記下點(diǎn)什么待會(huì)再選。而且事實(shí)證明在4秒鐘之內(nèi)不能選出答案的，就算選了錯(cuò)誤的幾率也是非常大的。所以千萬(wàn)不要拼命狂想，否則后面的就是多米諾骨牌式的效應(yīng)了。

5． 考前注意休息，營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡，早餐定時(shí)定量。

6． 強(qiáng)烈建議考試當(dāng)天早上不要看什么單詞書，也不要聽什么聽力，也不要背什么作文。因?yàn)閷?duì)于絕大多數(shù)的同學(xué)而言，到了這時(shí)候再看這些已經(jīng)不會(huì)有什么太大的作用反而只會(huì)莫名其妙的增加自己緊張和不安的情緒，而這對(duì)于考試絕對(duì)是不利的。

7． 對(duì)于少部分考試慢熱型但心理素質(zhì)又很好的同學(xué)早上也可以隨便拿一套聽得很熟得真題來(lái)聽聽，但就算要聽也一定要聽平時(shí)聽得滾瓜爛熟的千萬(wàn)不要找陌生的來(lái)聽。（不太推薦）這不是我說(shuō)的。

8． 古人云，不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵，很大程度上取決于心理因素。所以不要給自己任何負(fù)面的心理暗示，早上起來(lái)大聲地告訴自己我這次一定可以過(guò)的，我很強(qiáng)的。然后可以聽一些輕音樂(lè)之類的舒緩自己緊張的情緒。

再次萬(wàn)分的感謝tom老師的講課

[原創(chuàng)]四級(jí)聽力之——如何備戰(zhàn)四級(jí)聽力

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

如何備戰(zhàn)四級(jí)聽力（國(guó)內(nèi)部徐星海）引子

如何有效備戰(zhàn)四級(jí)聽力？如何在短時(shí)間內(nèi)大幅提高自身水平？隨著十二月份的四級(jí)考試的臨近，越來(lái)越多的考生面臨著這樣的一個(gè)尷尬局面：有時(shí)間的時(shí)候，忽視了日積月累的復(fù)習(xí)；而意識(shí)到復(fù)習(xí)的重要性的時(shí)候，時(shí)間又非常緊迫了。古人云，―不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵‖，意思就是在打仗之前，就已經(jīng)通過(guò)各種各樣的非戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)因素贏得了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，勝敗已見(jiàn)分曉。同樣的，我們四級(jí)的考生也一定要贏在起跑線上：建立起正確的迎考態(tài)度，按照正確的復(fù)習(xí)方法和節(jié)奏，有條不紊地進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)工作。心理準(zhǔn)備

首先我們必須明確：冰凍三尺，非一日之寒；英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期積累的過(guò)程，短期的突擊無(wú)異于舍本逐末、杯水車薪。然而，這并不意味著我們不能夠通過(guò)掌握考試規(guī)律來(lái)調(diào)整我們的臨考狀態(tài)、提高我們的應(yīng)考能力。本文目的就是與廣大考生共同分享如何利用應(yīng)試規(guī)律、最大限度地發(fā)揮同學(xué)們的四級(jí)聽力水平的。當(dāng)然，我們還是需要反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)：英語(yǔ)水平是不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)有實(shí)質(zhì)性飛躍的，盡管，考生的應(yīng)試水平可以通過(guò)科學(xué)的方法有效地提高。

想要在四級(jí)考場(chǎng)中最大程度發(fā)揮潛能、取得完勝，考生首先要在心理上取得優(yōu)勢(shì)。不僅是對(duì)于初次考級(jí)的新考生，對(duì)于老考生來(lái)說(shuō)，四級(jí)的成敗很大程度上取決于心理因素。心理上，我們必須戒驕戒躁，排除任何雜念，越是臨近考試，就越是要冷靜執(zhí)著，堅(jiān)韌不拔。考生的心中只需要有一個(gè)信念：兩個(gè)月，我只要兩個(gè)月復(fù)習(xí)四級(jí)就綽綽有余了，我一定能夠畢其功于一役！

同時(shí)，我們必須有這樣的心理準(zhǔn)備：隨著四、六級(jí)考試改革的深入，會(huì)有更多，更新，更難的題目，包括聽力題目和題型出現(xiàn)。有了這樣的思想準(zhǔn)備，一旦出現(xiàn)某種沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的題型，或者是某些罕見(jiàn)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，就反而迎合了我們打硬仗的心理準(zhǔn)備。我們就能夠真正地在戰(zhàn)略上輕視四級(jí)考試，在戰(zhàn)術(shù)上重視四級(jí)考試。表現(xiàn)出我不入地獄、誰(shuí)入地獄的氣概。

當(dāng)然，我們花了大量的時(shí)間和精力來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)、準(zhǔn)備考試肯定不是為收集準(zhǔn)考證而來(lái)的。所以，一旦在考場(chǎng)中出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的意外情況，我們能夠、也必須有處驚不變的能力，及時(shí)調(diào)整考試心態(tài)、從容不迫地應(yīng)答。須知，四級(jí)考試是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試，對(duì)于每個(gè)考生而言，都是公平的。事實(shí)上，歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明：題目要求越是高，難度越是大，考生的發(fā)揮余地也就越大。挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇是正相關(guān)的。實(shí)戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，一個(gè)考生的應(yīng)試水平，其實(shí)，也是基于一定的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)之上的。所謂弱不受補(bǔ)，任何的技巧和方法都或多或少地需要對(duì)于英語(yǔ)有比較基本而扎實(shí)的掌握。所以，想要盡快提高自己的應(yīng)試水平，首先就是要盡快提高自己的英語(yǔ)水平。當(dāng)然，既然考生的目標(biāo)非常明確、而且只有一個(gè)：四級(jí)，那么就應(yīng)該把有限的時(shí)間和精力投入到無(wú)限的為四級(jí)而準(zhǔn)備的工作中去。雖然，同樣是測(cè)試一個(gè)考生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，但是國(guó)外有雅思考試、托福考試，國(guó)內(nèi)有專業(yè)四、八級(jí)，大學(xué)四、六級(jí)等等，她們的考試目的，手段，和評(píng)價(jià)體系都不盡相同。由此可見(jiàn)，復(fù)習(xí)四級(jí)的最好方法，不過(guò)六個(gè)字：真題！真題！真題?。】梢哉f(shuō)，真題的重要性在任何考試中都到了無(wú)可復(fù)加的地步。只有真題才能夠體現(xiàn)出考試的所有特點(diǎn)，四級(jí)考試當(dāng)然也不例外。達(dá)成了這個(gè)共識(shí)，我們就需要解決另外一個(gè)問(wèn)題：如何有效地利用有限的真題。

據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，保留完整的四級(jí)真題不超過(guò)三十套，所以，真題的資源是非常有限，甚

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

至是稀缺的。所以，做真題，不僅僅是一個(gè)做題的過(guò)程，而且是一個(gè)做精做透，精益求精，不斷提高的過(guò)程。那么怎么樣才能在聽真題的時(shí)候達(dá)到以上的要求呢？根據(jù)聽真題的不同層次，基本上，可以把聽題分為以下五個(gè)階段： 1． 初聽

眾所周知，聽真題時(shí)的第一感覺(jué)是無(wú)法取代的。第一次聽題，是對(duì)考生聽力的一次全新考驗(yàn)，所以，大部分考生也非常重視測(cè)分。但是由于太重視分?jǐn)?shù)，往往剛聽完一個(gè)部分就開始對(duì)答案，甚至每聽一題就對(duì)一題的答案。應(yīng)該說(shuō)，這樣的做法首先干擾了正常的做題程序，而且使考生養(yǎng)成依賴答案的習(xí)慣，最后也很難達(dá)到預(yù)期的做題效果，畢竟，在考場(chǎng)里，考生聽題必須一氣呵成，在整整二十分鐘時(shí)間里，根本沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)休息，更不用說(shuō)對(duì)答案了。所以，第一次聽題，最好能夠模擬考場(chǎng)的情況，制造考場(chǎng)的氣氛，甚至對(duì)自己施加一些臨考的壓力，這樣才能夠達(dá)到理想的聽題效果。即使是有個(gè)別題目不確定或者沒(méi)有聽清，也必須強(qiáng)迫自己至少在整套真題聽完以后再對(duì)答案（而不是對(duì)照原文），然后再著手尋找問(wèn)題。2． 聽寫

在第一遍聽題結(jié)束以后，考生往往會(huì)碰到以下兩種情況：一．發(fā)覺(jué)有些自己猶豫不決的題目猜對(duì)了；二．發(fā)覺(jué)有些猶豫不決的題目改錯(cuò)了。對(duì)于這兩種情況，考生必須有一個(gè)清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)：其實(shí)這些題目就像比賽中的機(jī)會(huì)球一樣，做對(duì)與否幾乎完全取決于運(yùn)氣。所有，無(wú)論對(duì)錯(cuò)，都應(yīng)該引起考生的高度重視。另外兩種容易被忽略的現(xiàn)象是：一．考生可以在第一次就把握住題目的大意，因此可以比較輕松地把題目答對(duì)；二．考生無(wú)論如何努力地試圖去聽也無(wú)法把原文中的信息通過(guò)聽力的手段解構(gòu)。對(duì)于第一種現(xiàn)象，考生必須防止一知半解（只知其一，不知其二），或者是自欺欺人（以為自己完全懂了，其實(shí)有些地方根本就沒(méi)有聽到，沒(méi)有聽出來(lái)，或者是沒(méi)有聽懂）。而對(duì)于第二種現(xiàn)象，有些考生往往就急于求成，在第一時(shí)間就翻開原文進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究。這些情況，都是廣大考生必須避免的。剛才已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，真題的資源是非常稀缺的，因此，在初聽之后，考生需要開始一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的細(xì)嚼慢咽的消化過(guò)程。這個(gè)過(guò)程，就是做聽寫練習(xí)，不厭其煩地對(duì)自己所做的每一道真題進(jìn)行聽寫練習(xí)，無(wú)論對(duì)錯(cuò)。這樣一來(lái)，本來(lái)沒(méi)有暴露出來(lái)的問(wèn)題自然而然也就暴露出來(lái)了，本來(lái)已經(jīng)暴露出來(lái)的問(wèn)題則被具體化地落實(shí)到了詞、詞組、和短語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)言基本單位上。如此一來(lái)，清者自清、濁者自濁，考生可以從一個(gè)非?？陀^的角度全面審視自己現(xiàn)有的聽力水平。3． 整理

當(dāng)找到自身存在的隱含或者是具體的問(wèn)題之后，考生就可以開始?xì)w納整理自己在聽寫中所反映出來(lái)的問(wèn)題了。一般，每個(gè)考生的情況不同，因此問(wèn)題也因人而異。不過(guò)有一點(diǎn)可以肯定，如果是小對(duì)話題，那么問(wèn)題基本上可以從單詞、詞組、口語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式、場(chǎng)景及其相關(guān)語(yǔ)境詞、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)體、和語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)等幾方面進(jìn)行歸類；如果是語(yǔ)段題，那么問(wèn)題基本上可以從詞組、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)段語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)、文章體裁、考點(diǎn)分布、和標(biāo)志詞等幾方面來(lái)進(jìn)行歸類；而如果是復(fù)合式聽寫，那么問(wèn)題基本上可以從漏詞、錯(cuò)詞、大小寫、時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、數(shù)、同音近音詞、細(xì)節(jié)把握、語(yǔ)言歸納整理能力、和句型結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握等幾方面來(lái)進(jìn)行歸類。通過(guò)比較系統(tǒng)地歸納和整理自身暴露出來(lái)的問(wèn)題，考生可以比較一目了然地發(fā)覺(jué)自身的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)所在，因此也就有了對(duì)癥下藥的科學(xué)依據(jù)。而且，考生往往會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)，由于聽力是一門綜合性的科目，所以，所謂聽力問(wèn)題，大多數(shù)情況下，不僅僅是由于―聽力‖出了問(wèn)題，而且還因?yàn)樵~匯量限制、句型掌握不穩(wěn)固、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)不系統(tǒng)、語(yǔ)言功能掌握不全面、語(yǔ)段語(yǔ)篇理解不透徹等等其它―非聽力‖因素而出現(xiàn)障礙。這

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

樣，就要求廣大考生能夠從自身具體情況出發(fā)，結(jié)合各種工具書，針對(duì)自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)各個(gè)擊破。4． 跟讀

通過(guò)以上方法，基本上，考生可以把詩(shī)外的功夫做到位，但是如果同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有些結(jié)構(gòu)看到了就懂了，可是聽起來(lái)還是很吃力，那又應(yīng)該怎么辦呢？理論上，這是由于考生的視覺(jué)和聽覺(jué)脫鉤的關(guān)系。也就是說(shuō)，考生的對(duì)于真題的敏感性還沒(méi)有在聽覺(jué)這個(gè)層次上建立起來(lái)。如果說(shuō)其它部分還可以蒙混過(guò)關(guān)，那么這對(duì)于聽力來(lái)說(shuō)就是一個(gè)巨大的災(zāi)難了。除了極個(gè)別題目可以通過(guò)選項(xiàng)特征進(jìn)行判斷以外，其它聽不懂的題目一般情況下都會(huì)犧牲掉，畢竟，四級(jí)真題越來(lái)越成熟、越來(lái)越科學(xué)、越來(lái)越系統(tǒng)，真題中的迷惑項(xiàng)也隨之越來(lái)越難以辨別。既然問(wèn)題是出在―聽覺(jué)‖上，那么最好的方式就是通過(guò)糾正語(yǔ)音來(lái)解決問(wèn)題了。顯而易見(jiàn)，聽說(shuō)本為一家，如果考生單純―聽力‖出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，那么一般―口語(yǔ)‖也不盡如人意，而考生如果口語(yǔ)水平不俗，那么一般聽力也不會(huì)差。須知，練習(xí)口語(yǔ)和提高聽力本身就是個(gè)辯證統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系，兩者緊密聯(lián)系、相輔相成。對(duì)于進(jìn)入沖刺階段的考生來(lái)說(shuō)，練習(xí)聽力，需要不急不徐、戒驕戒躁，既沒(méi)有時(shí)間，不能夠從最基本的音標(biāo)或者是漫無(wú)目的地找口語(yǔ)材料進(jìn)行練習(xí)，也不能夠急功近利，妄圖通過(guò)一兩次突擊就大功告成。實(shí)際上，只要有心，考生不難發(fā)現(xiàn)：完完整整、踏踏實(shí)實(shí)地對(duì)照聽力原文，跟讀真題聽力磁帶五至六遍以后，再回過(guò)頭來(lái)聽題，感覺(jué)就不可同日而語(yǔ)了。在跟讀的過(guò)程中，考生切忌貪多，一定要在他人、錄音機(jī)、復(fù)讀機(jī)、或者其它設(shè)備的幫助下糾正自己不良的吐字發(fā)音習(xí)慣，有條件的話，最好是親自對(duì)照自己的讀音和真題讀音之間的差別，這樣才能夠盡快突破語(yǔ)音關(guān)，為聽力考試打通最后一道關(guān)。如果時(shí)間允許，考生還需要重點(diǎn)跟讀自己在聽寫練習(xí)中暴露出的問(wèn)題單詞、問(wèn)題句型、或者問(wèn)題語(yǔ)段結(jié)構(gòu)，在糾正語(yǔ)音的過(guò)程中，強(qiáng)化自己的復(fù)習(xí)成果。5． 背誦

最后的一個(gè)階段，也是最高境界，就是能夠?qū)φ骖}了如指掌，做到繪聲繪色、惟妙惟肖地模仿，甚至是倒背如流。我們很多教授聽力的老師，通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的教學(xué)實(shí)踐，已經(jīng)達(dá)到了這個(gè)層次，從而對(duì)于真題才有不同凡響的見(jiàn)解和分析。不難看出，對(duì)于真題越是熟悉的人，無(wú)論是考生還是老師，都能夠很好地把握聽題節(jié)奏、做題方法、猜題技巧、從而達(dá)到―猛、準(zhǔn)、狠‖的最高境界。我們?cè)谡n上講授的絕大多數(shù)技巧、場(chǎng)景、原則、關(guān)鍵詞、特殊句型、甚至是答題的感覺(jué)都是以大量背誦作為基礎(chǔ)的。一般地說(shuō)，一個(gè)考生只要能夠達(dá)到背誦考點(diǎn)的水平（與全文背誦相比較還是相對(duì)容易的），就可以輕松應(yīng)付四級(jí)聽力考試了。畢竟，四級(jí)聽力考試所能夠測(cè)試的知識(shí)點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn)范圍有限，考生一旦能夠?qū)λ袦y(cè)試點(diǎn)如數(shù)家珍，那么考試本身已經(jīng)不成為問(wèn)題了，因?yàn)椋@時(shí)候的考生已經(jīng)突破了應(yīng)付考試的層次，真正達(dá)到了提升英語(yǔ)水平的階段了。這聽起來(lái)似乎遙不可及，其實(shí)不然?？忌谟幸欢ㄕZ(yǔ)感的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)可以誦讀五、六遍就已經(jīng)能夠?qū)y(cè)試點(diǎn)有一個(gè)基本印象了，然后根據(jù)艾賓浩斯的記憶曲線，連續(xù)記憶三天就可以過(guò)關(guān)了。到時(shí)候，考生再回首看自己曾經(jīng)做過(guò)的卷子、錯(cuò)過(guò)的題，不禁會(huì)扼腕痛惜：這種程度的題目我也會(huì)做錯(cuò)？ 其它準(zhǔn)備

在了解了聽真題的各個(gè)階段以后，考生還需要把握復(fù)習(xí)的節(jié)奏。一般，由于四級(jí)聽力資源的匱乏，考生如果在考試前有充裕的時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)，那么應(yīng)該在保證質(zhì)量的前提下完成復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù)。每個(gè)星期的做題量應(yīng)該控制在一至兩套之間，力求聽一套、天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

記一套、看一套、讀一套、背一套，套套入心。直到考試前一個(gè)月才開始真正發(fā)力，使自己漸漸進(jìn)入臨考狀態(tài)，一般以一天一套為宜。如果考生發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在聽力的A部分或者B部分的后半段明顯答題正確率下降，那么就表明：考生在體力方面的準(zhǔn)備仍然不充分。那么，考生應(yīng)該結(jié)合自身情況在保證休息的前提下，適當(dāng)加大聽題力度，進(jìn)行超負(fù)荷訓(xùn)練，提高自己考試聽力的耐力水平。

然后，我們需要一個(gè)切實(shí)可行的詳細(xì)到每一天的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃。雖然每個(gè)考生的情況不同，本身水平，備考時(shí)間，心理期待都有所差異，但是，有一點(diǎn)是共同的：在最后的兩個(gè)月里，挑戰(zhàn)極限、追求卓越，即使是面對(duì)絕望，也要在絕望中尋找希望！

其次，也是更為重要的一點(diǎn)，就是要步步為營(yíng)、一步一個(gè)腳印地合理安排備考時(shí)間，實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃。一般情況下，我們認(rèn)為，一天24小時(shí)中，有6個(gè)小時(shí)是英語(yǔ)考級(jí)聽力的黃金復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間。這6個(gè)小時(shí)分別在早8點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn)，中午12點(diǎn)到14點(diǎn)，晚上20點(diǎn)到22點(diǎn)。

一日之際在于晨，擁有清晨日出的人，就擁有一天的陽(yáng)光。在早晨寶貴的時(shí)間里，由于沒(méi)有前攝抑制，我們記憶能力將達(dá)到的高峰時(shí)期。而且，作為四級(jí)考試的第一部分，聽力恰在9點(diǎn)至10點(diǎn)的時(shí)間進(jìn)行答題。在早晨的時(shí)間段進(jìn)行考級(jí)聽力練習(xí)可以達(dá)到記憶和調(diào)整生物鐘的雙重功效，可謂事半功倍。

而中午則是大多數(shù)同學(xué)休息的時(shí)候，這段時(shí)間里，我們的注意力很難集中。如果在這段時(shí)間里進(jìn)行考級(jí)聽力練習(xí)，其實(shí)是對(duì)一個(gè)考生體力的考驗(yàn)。當(dāng)然，我們不提倡通宵達(dá)旦的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)，只是要求廣大考生做好打疲勞戰(zhàn)的準(zhǔn)備。因?yàn)榭荚嚂r(shí)由于心理緊張，會(huì)加速人體的疲勞，所以，我們必須強(qiáng)迫自己適應(yīng)在最艱苦的條件下連續(xù)作戰(zhàn)。然而，考前的休息也異常重要，所以，我們就犧牲中午休息的時(shí)間，做一些高強(qiáng)度的訓(xùn)練。

到了晚上則更不待言，很多考生的大部分復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間就是在晚上白白流逝的。其實(shí)晚上的時(shí)間沒(méi)有后攝抑制，也是人的記憶高峰。與其進(jìn)行其它的娛樂(lè)休閑活動(dòng)，或者背單詞背到走神，不如強(qiáng)迫自己反復(fù)聆聽四級(jí)真題、做聽寫練習(xí)，使自己對(duì)各種題型、各種考點(diǎn)了如指掌、倒背如流。

其實(shí)，在考試迫在眉睫的時(shí)候，同學(xué)們往往容易進(jìn)入一種混亂的臨考狀態(tài)。這種狀態(tài)比較突出的表現(xiàn)是日夜顛倒，該休息的時(shí)候睡不著、夜不能寐，可是一拿起書就昏昏欲睡、欲罷不能。尤其是在專業(yè)課和全國(guó)四、六級(jí)考試紛至沓來(lái)的時(shí)候，很多同學(xué)更是發(fā)揚(yáng)連續(xù)作戰(zhàn)的精神，通宵達(dá)旦，頭懸樑、錐刺骨，結(jié)果影響了正常的作息，反而使自己陷于被動(dòng)，很難正常發(fā)揮。這對(duì)于像四、六級(jí)考試這樣的高強(qiáng)度考試而言是有百害而無(wú)一益的。道理很簡(jiǎn)單，四、六級(jí)考試對(duì)于一個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，不僅是一次英語(yǔ)水平的綜合測(cè)試，也是一種意志力、甚至是體力的考驗(yàn)。沒(méi)有良好的休息作為后盾，考生很難笑到最后。所以，保證充足的睡眠是最基本也是首要的應(yīng)試技巧。

尤其是在考試最后一天，沒(méi)有充足的睡眠，考生在考場(chǎng)里很容易出現(xiàn)幻聽、重聽等現(xiàn)象，嚴(yán)重影響聽力考試的技戰(zhàn)術(shù)水平發(fā)揮。須知，聽力考試是四級(jí)考試中唯一的只有一次答題機(jī)會(huì)的題型，錯(cuò)過(guò)任何一個(gè)字都不可能重來(lái)。而遺失任何一個(gè)考點(diǎn)就等于把考生推上絕路，不僅對(duì)本題解答會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良影響，更可能引起心理暗示的連鎖反應(yīng)，打亂考生考試節(jié)奏，引發(fā)多米諾股牌效應(yīng)，從而棋錯(cuò)一招、滿盤皆輸。

最后，營(yíng)養(yǎng)的攝入在最后關(guān)頭也是異常重要的一環(huán)。在保證充分睡眠的同時(shí)，食物是另一個(gè)―工夫在詩(shī)外‖的非考試因素。尤其是參加四級(jí)考試的同學(xué)，早餐一定要

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

定時(shí)定量，不可或缺。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，類似奶酪酥這樣的奶制品外加一杯熱牛奶或者熱巧克力已經(jīng)足以提供整個(gè)半天考試所需的熱量。當(dāng)然，這也因人而異。對(duì)于內(nèi)火較旺的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，紅棗蓮心湯就是更好的選擇了。有些體質(zhì)虛弱的同學(xué)也可以考慮服用一些如西洋參、雞精、保健飲料這樣的營(yíng)養(yǎng)品。不過(guò)，安眠藥或者興奮劑等有副作用的藥物一定要慎用，否則過(guò)猶不及?？偨Y(jié)

我們說(shuō)在兩個(gè)月內(nèi)完成四級(jí)的考級(jí)任務(wù)并不僅僅是空洞的技巧和捷徑，因?yàn)槿魏蔚募记啥夹枰欢ǖ姆e累作為基礎(chǔ)，而任何的捷徑只是一條比較近的路而已，都是由人走出來(lái)的。所以，我們一方面需要放松心態(tài)、輕裝上陣；另一方面又需要腳踏實(shí)地、苦干加巧干。

在具體的復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中，我們首先應(yīng)該對(duì)自己有一個(gè)基本的認(rèn)識(shí)，也就是說(shuō)，要了解自己的水平怎么樣。當(dāng)然，如果至今都沒(méi)有完整地做過(guò)任何一套四級(jí)真題的同學(xué)是不知道自己的水平以大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量到底達(dá)到什么程度的。所以，從這兩個(gè)月里的第1天起，我們就必須開始做題。每天只需要做一至兩套，但是務(wù)必做精做透。

這樣做，唯一的好處就在于通過(guò)試著完整地做歷年四級(jí)真題，考生就能夠找出自己在四級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。找到了這樣的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，就可以進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的強(qiáng)化練習(xí)，填補(bǔ)自己在知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)上的漏洞。由于聽力考試是一門綜合性的考試，考察的不僅是學(xué)生的聽能，更是學(xué)生在詞匯，閱讀，歸納分析等等方面的綜合能力，所以，在聽力上有問(wèn)題的同學(xué)，往往問(wèn)題不僅僅在聽能上，他其它部分的答題通常也是差強(qiáng)人意的。但是如果我們能夠通過(guò)聽力找到自己在整個(gè)英語(yǔ)體系中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的問(wèn)題，不管是發(fā)音、詞匯、語(yǔ)法、還是閱讀能力，那么就可以達(dá)到一箭雙雕的效果了。

當(dāng)然，四級(jí)考級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)是一個(gè)龐大而系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中還要注意的一個(gè)要點(diǎn)就是要將任務(wù)大而化小，小而化了。反復(fù)練習(xí)考試聽力時(shí)，不要以整套真題、整個(gè)部分、或者整個(gè)語(yǔ)段為單位，而是應(yīng)該以最小的單位進(jìn)行反復(fù)的復(fù)習(xí)。小對(duì)話題至少劃分到每一題，語(yǔ)段題至少劃分到每一段，而聽寫題則最好劃分到每一句。這樣不僅使需要解決的問(wèn)題變得很明確，而且容易使考生在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中有掌握一個(gè)新的知識(shí)點(diǎn)或者考點(diǎn)的成就感。

具體的復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中，考生要不忘加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)的訓(xùn)練。把聽力原文中有限的生詞、詞組、語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象（如常考的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，省略，重要時(shí)態(tài)等）、句型（如建議類句型，附和句型與否定句型等）以及場(chǎng)景都盡可能詳盡地掌握。如果連看著原文都不能夠弄懂，那么要把原文聽懂就更加無(wú)法想象了。雖然，自然狀態(tài)下，人們學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言是由聽力首先入手的，但是作為第二語(yǔ)習(xí)得，我們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)大多從閱讀開始的，所以如果連閱讀也不能夠達(dá)到四級(jí)聽力的要求，提高聽力水平只能夠是空中樓閣、空談而已。因此，正確的順序應(yīng)該是首先利用聽力材料練習(xí)聽力，在無(wú)法聽懂的情況下對(duì)照原文，如果還是不懂，那么就參考譯文。接下來(lái)，在書面認(rèn)知的基礎(chǔ)上，再循環(huán)地進(jìn)行聽力練習(xí)。基礎(chǔ)不牢、地動(dòng)山搖，沒(méi)有扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)功底是絕對(duì)不會(huì)有聽力這個(gè)上層建筑的?？罩稚蠎?zhàn)場(chǎng)，只會(huì)在痛苦中被消滅的！具體的復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中，考生還要克服語(yǔ)音障礙，在實(shí)踐中加強(qiáng)對(duì)單詞的語(yǔ)音敏感度的練習(xí)。大多數(shù)考生記憶單詞過(guò)程實(shí)際上是手眼并用的過(guò)程，往往容易忽略對(duì)于耳朵的刺激。所以，很多考生反映當(dāng)看到時(shí)覺(jué)得異常簡(jiǎn)單非常親切，可是聽到時(shí)就完全不同了。是的，僅憑視覺(jué)和觸覺(jué)記憶，而沒(méi)有足夠的語(yǔ)音信息的輸入，加上對(duì)不同的語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備不足，會(huì)輕而易舉地導(dǎo)致熟悉的單詞一旦從磁帶中放出

天上砍木材團(tuán)隊(duì)

來(lái)就完全是判若兩詞的感覺(jué)?，F(xiàn)在，如果考生再去購(gòu)買配備磁帶的詞匯書，跟讀、做聽寫固然有效，可是效果非常有限，原因就在于你已經(jīng)沒(méi)有時(shí)間再單獨(dú)地進(jìn)行語(yǔ)音輸入練習(xí)了。目前，唯一可行的方法就是反復(fù)聽真題。這樣一來(lái)，既能夠在有限的時(shí)間里克服語(yǔ)音輸入的障礙，又能夠熟悉四級(jí)考題，可謂一舉兩得。當(dāng)然，在聽音的過(guò)程中還必須注意英美音的發(fā)音現(xiàn)象。剛才說(shuō)過(guò)，四級(jí)是一個(gè)混合的語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)，這就要求所有考生對(duì)于不同發(fā)音有很快的反應(yīng)，迅速在兩種語(yǔ)音之間自由切換。接下來(lái)，我們還需要注意兩種比較常考的語(yǔ)音現(xiàn)象：連讀和失爆。當(dāng)然，特殊的語(yǔ)音現(xiàn)象絕對(duì)不止兩種，可是就像馬泰效應(yīng)所提出的―貧者愈貧、富者愈富‖的理論一樣，考過(guò)的語(yǔ)音現(xiàn)象總是一而再、再而三地成為考點(diǎn)。僅以連讀為例，full up /ful`(p/，office hours /%fi`sau*s/這樣的連讀已經(jīng)在四級(jí)考卷中屢見(jiàn)不鮮，成為必考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。

具體的復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中，考生也需要擴(kuò)大自己的閱讀面。綜上所述，今年來(lái)的語(yǔ)段和聽寫題頻繁涉及一些自然科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及社會(huì)科學(xué)中的話題。無(wú)論是環(huán)境保護(hù)、自然生物知識(shí)、英美國(guó)家人文知識(shí)、大學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)介紹、特色服務(wù)、還是社會(huì)問(wèn)題等內(nèi)容都能夠在四級(jí)聽力的試題中有所體現(xiàn)。這樣，就要求廣大考生對(duì)于社會(huì)生活的方方面面有一些基本的關(guān)注和了解，這種平時(shí)的積累有助于迅速熟悉甚至預(yù)測(cè)聽力語(yǔ)段的主題和走向，幫助考生輕松理解原文，根據(jù)自己日積月累的常識(shí)，對(duì)于某些常識(shí)題進(jìn)行預(yù)先的判斷。這對(duì)于考生臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮、提高解題自信心相當(dāng)有幫助。

魯迅先生說(shuō)過(guò)，世界上本沒(méi)有路，走的人多了也就成了路。我們要善于在學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)、總結(jié)和運(yùn)用規(guī)律，這樣才能夠在復(fù)習(xí)迎考的過(guò)程中事半功倍，百尺竿頭、更進(jìn)一步。路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮，愿以此文拋磚引玉。

第五篇：新東方四級(jí)聽力筆記

新東方四級(jí)聽力筆記（非常完整版）

（一）資料的選擇：

1、聽力原題

2、TOEFL的聽力

3、《走遍美國(guó)》、《探索》、《國(guó)家地理》

聽力結(jié)構(gòu)：

Section A：10個(gè)短對(duì)話

Section B：3個(gè)段子；復(fù)合式聽寫（很少考）

類型題：

比如：Would you go to dance with me tonight?去不去干……

回答Yes/No.以及理由。

Would you go with us? Would you join us?

Would you go with me? Do you wanna come?

Wanna come?

應(yīng)試聽力提高的三個(gè)層次：

1、聽懂原文

2、搞清考題之間的類型關(guān)系

3、判斷出是什么考題

聽力遇到的問(wèn)題：

一、語(yǔ)音問(wèn)題：

連讀：跟讀提高口語(yǔ)，考試時(shí)不太重要，注意聽重讀。

二、態(tài)度方向：

測(cè)試：I'm upset.× I'm overjoyed.√

I'm beside myself with joy.√ I'm in the blues.×

I feel high today.√ I feel down recently.×

三、口語(yǔ)話問(wèn)題：

語(yǔ)氣（升降調(diào)、重讀）

例句：Something just hit the front window.What?（什么東西呀？你說(shuō)什么（沒(méi)聽清）？驚奇，生氣。）

例句：He was my boyfriend.考校園生活： 學(xué)生：異性（同學(xué)關(guān)系）、同性（室友關(guān)系）

口語(yǔ)詞匯

tape 膠帶（郵局場(chǎng)景）cassette 磁帶

project 作業(yè) =assignment awful 糟糕的

terrific 特棒的 awesome 特棒的

I see.我明白。

I can tell that.我能看得出。I understand that.我聽說(shuō)。

I have got...我有…… have to = have got to(gotta)

be going to = be gonna want to = wanna

tell him I'll take this book.表示買

I won't buy that.我不信。buy=believe

四、場(chǎng)景問(wèn)題：

1、如何出考題

2、如何判斷場(chǎng)景（場(chǎng)景線索詞）

例如：book（校內(nèi)：Libary；校外：bookstore）

textbook, dictionary, magzine, reference book, bibliography

manager, order--bookstore

解題思路：

比如：traffic: traffic jam car: break down

六次課安排：

But題型，三個(gè)解題思路（1）場(chǎng)景題（2、3）

段子題、替換題（4、5）復(fù)合式聽寫、實(shí)戰(zhàn)考題（6）Section A

But題型(3-4個(gè)題目）：

but前的話沒(méi)用，but是關(guān)鍵，but后面的句子是正確選項(xiàng)。

例題：P25-5-Test 1-P100

A)He has some work to do.B)The woman is going to do that.C)His boss is coming to see him.D)He doesn?t feel like eating any bread today.W: I wonder if you have time to go to the food store today.We have almost run out of bread.M: You? d better do that.I haven?t got my report ready yet, but my boss needs it tomorrow.Q: Why isn?t the man going to do the shopping?

注：1.第二人的回答都是充滿了遺憾。

2.run out of 用完，沒(méi)有

boor 土人，粗野的人（GRE詞匯）

生活中常用的動(dòng)詞非常簡(jiǎn)單：

take make go win let have

口語(yǔ)中常用短語(yǔ)：

1.mess 臟亂

His dormitory is in a big mess.2.meet = come across = run into = bang into 遇見(jiàn)。

happen to meet 恰巧碰到

3.與動(dòng)詞搭配使用最多的是out，因?yàn)閛ut代表一種極端的狀態(tài)，很徹底。

run out of 用完了

check out 借書；辦理出院手續(xù)；徹底檢查；退房（check in 開房）；結(jié)帳離開

wear out 穿破

be worn out（物）破舊；（人）疲憊

make out 辨認(rèn)出

figure out 想清楚，弄明白

She has a figure that kills.身材很棒。

She has a face that kills.長(zhǎng)得非常漂亮

work out 想清楚，弄明白，解決問(wèn)題；（gym場(chǎng)景）拼命鍛煉

help out 幫個(gè)大忙

find out 打聽，查明真相

dine out 外出吃飯，下館子

cafeteria 飯?zhí)?，自助餐廳【學(xué)校的飯菜不好吃】

cook out 在外野餐

hang out 閑逛

turn out(to be)事實(shí)證明

[P25-8]

A)He can?t find his new apartment.B)He had a bigger apartment before.C)He finds the new apartment too big for him.D)He?s having a hard time finding an apartment.W: How do you find your new apartment?

M: Well, it?s quite nice really, although I have a hard time getting used to living in a big place.Q: What is the man?s problem?

注： 1.dormitory 宿舍

apartment 公寓

laboratory

secretary

房子難找；房租貴；房太吵

2.How do you find...= How do you like...3.be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事 選項(xiàng)中找be accustomed to doing sth.或adapt

used to do sth 過(guò)去常常 選項(xiàng)中找 was always 或找否定句+now

[P28-6]

A)He meant she should make a phone call if anything went wrong.B)He meant for her just to wait till help came.C)He was afraid something would go wrong with her car.D)He promised to give her help himself.W: Could you tell me what I should do if my car breaks down?

M: Well, I'm sure you won't have any trouble, Mrs.Smith, but if something should happen, just call this number.They'll see that you get help.Q: What does the man really mean?

注：談?wù)撥嚨淖畲笤掝}一定是壞掉 break down。

[P28-8]

A)He has edited three books.B)He has bought the wrong book.C)He has lost half of his money.D)He has found the book that will be used.M: Hey, Louise, I've got a used copy of our chemistry textbook for half price.W: I'm afraid you wasted your money, yours is the first edition, but we're supposed to be using the third edition.Q: What has the man done?

注：used book 二手書，舊書

對(duì)話發(fā)生的時(shí)間一般是開學(xué)或期末。

開學(xué)：orientation 新生培訓(xùn) freshman/ fresher 大一新生

sophomore 大二 junior 大三 senior 大四

期末：考試、突擊熬夜、失眠、吃藥、搶救

[P30-1]

A)She wants to return the skirt her husband bought.B)She wants to buy another skirt.C)She wants to change the yellow skirt for a blue one.D)She wants to change the blue skirt for a yellow one.M: Now, what's your problem, Madam?

W: Oh, yes.My husband bought this yellow skirt here yesterday.It is very nice, but it's not the colour I want.Have you got any blue ones?

Q: What does the woman want to do?

注：1.藍(lán)色情節(jié)

blue 服裝最喜歡的顏色

dark blue 深藍(lán)

light blue 淺藍(lán)

navy blue 海軍藍(lán)

navy 常用這個(gè)詞表示藍(lán)色

pink 紅色習(xí)慣用這個(gè)詞表示

2.羊毛情節(jié)wool

down jacket 羽絨服

[P33-5]

A)It's too windy.B)The people there are terrible.C)The air is polluted.D)The beaches are dirty.W: The place I've heard so much about is Los Angeles.The climate is pretty good.Year-round flowers, year-round swimming.How do you like it?

M: Well, the beaches are beautiful.But the people there are terribly annoyed by the dirty air.I mean, the combination of fog, smoke and automobile exhaust.There is not enough wind to blow it away.Q: What does the man think of Los Angeles?

注：選項(xiàng)B不可能為正確選項(xiàng)。[P36-4]

A)The apartment is better furnished.B)She prefers to live in a quiet place.C)It's less expensive to live in an apartment.D)She finds her roommates difficult to get along with.M: I hear you are moving to an apartment.Can you tell me why?

W: Actually, I didn?t want to move.It would be more expensive to live outside the college.But I just can?t bear the noise made by the people living next door.Q: Why does the woman want to move?

住房場(chǎng)景：

1、房難找

2、房租太貴

3、房太吵

注：1.口語(yǔ)中現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將要

2.must 表猜測(cè)

have got to do 表應(yīng)該，必須

[P36-7]

A)He didn't buy anything.B)He got some medicine for his foot.C)He was sick and couldn't go shopping.D)He bought everything except the football.W: Did you go shopping this afternoon?

M: Yes, but all I got was a sore foot.Q: What does the man mean?

注：sore foot 腳疼

sore throat 嗓子疼

[P36-9]

A)She didn't know her daughter could sing so well.B)She sings better than her daughter.C)She doesn't like her daughter.D)She herself doesn't have a good voice.M: I heard your daughter sing at the school concert last night.She has a lovely voice, I must say.W: Thank you, but I don?t know where she gets it.Q: What does the woman probably mean?

[P36-10]

A)He finds history books difficult to understand.B)He has to read a lot of history books.C)He doesn't like the history course.D)He has lost his history book.W: Why are you so tired and upset?

M: I?ve been taking the history course this term.But the trouble is that I?ll never get through the reading list.Q: Why is the man worried?

作業(yè)：

1.paper 論文；newspaper 報(bào)紙；文件；紙

research 查詢資料（library)

2.presentation 口頭報(bào)告 = report, speech, address

著裝正式；心里感受nervous

interview 面試（也需正式著裝）

3.reading assignment 閱讀作業(yè)

reading list 讀書清單

對(duì)作業(yè)的評(píng)價(jià)一定是抱怨

寫論文的步驟：

1、選題

2、查資料

3、打印

充滿遺憾：

談?wù)摻煌?-堵車；談?wù)撥?-壞掉；談?wù)撡I票--賣光；談?wù)摻尤?-晚點(diǎn)；談?wù)撘安?-下雨

寫論文的困難：

1、題目難選

2、資料難查

3、打字困難（機(jī)房總被占）

typewriter（break down 壞了；ribbon 色帶）, printer, laser printer, laptop，三個(gè)基本思路：

一、學(xué)習(xí)話題：學(xué)幾門課，課程難不難，課的進(jìn)展，考試如何，作業(yè)如何，老師怎樣，實(shí)驗(yàn)課怎樣，圖書館怎樣……

回答：基本上都是抱怨

二、生活話題：窮，省錢，購(gòu)物一定要bargain，帶學(xué)生證，例如：1.I want to make a long distance call.When is the best time?

例如：2.Maybe I ought to subscribe to the journal.捐獻(xiàn)；定購(gòu)訂閱。

Why don't you save the money and read it in the library?

例如：3.A)To wear a heavy sweater to the game.B)To postpone the game.C)To change tickets.D)To watch the game at home.三、混合話題，但忙于學(xué)習(xí)。

場(chǎng)景題：

選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：

1.地點(diǎn)；2.to do表目的；3.-ing；4.A and B結(jié)構(gòu)，人物關(guān)系

提問(wèn)特點(diǎn)：

What, Where, When, Who

總結(jié)重點(diǎn)：

出題思路

判斷場(chǎng)景的線索詞

例如：fine 罰款（校外交通；校內(nèi)圖書館）

cashier 出納（各個(gè)場(chǎng)景）

teller（銀行）出納員 ATM(Automatic Teller Machine)自動(dòng)提款機(jī)

[P24-1]

A)He is still being treated in the hospital.B)He has had an operation.C)He?ll rest at home for another two weeks.D)He returned to work last week.M: How is your father, Mary? The last time I came to see you, you were about to take him to the hospital.W: He came home last week.The operation was very successful.The doctor said he? d almost recovered and could go back to work next week.Q: What did the woman say about her father?

注：be about to do 正要做某事

醫(yī)院場(chǎng)景：

1、醫(yī)生難找

2、病情如何

3、有病耽誤課 miss the class

缺課的原因：

1、生病 get ill

2、睡過(guò)頭 over sleep

3、traffic（車壞了，或者交通的問(wèn)題）

醫(yī)院的線索詞：

operation 手術(shù)

infirmary（校內(nèi)）醫(yī)務(wù)室；cafeteria 飯?zhí)?；tuition 學(xué)費(fèi)

treat, treatment 治療（過(guò)程）

cure 治愈（結(jié)果）

[study, learn;search, find;try, manage]

clinic 診所

ward 病房

student health center 學(xué)生健康中心

medical center 醫(yī)療中心

prescribe 開處方；preview 預(yù)習(xí)；interview 面試；international 國(guó)際的

fill the prescription 抓藥

refill the prescription 再抓藥

check out 辦理出院手續(xù)

emergency department 急診室

[P24-3]

A)To meet Tom Wang.B)To work in his office.C)To go to hospital.D)To attend a meeting.M: This is Tom Wang speaking.Could you tell me Mr.Smith?s schedule for tomorrow? I would like to meet him at his convenience.W: Let me see.He?ll go to see his doctor at 8, and chair a meeting at 10 in the morning.Well, he will be in the office the whole afternoon.Q: What does Mr.Smith plan to do at 10 o?clock tomorrow morning?

注：chair 主持

打電話場(chǎng)景：

1、約人肯定約不到 make an appointment（約醫(yī)生）

2、約會(huì)去不了

come up 突然來(lái)臨

reschedule 重新安排時(shí)間

fit me in 安排

3、電話打不通，打錯(cuò)電話

run out of coin 硬幣用光 cut off 通話被中斷

hang up 掛斷電話

receiver 聽筒

hook 掛鉤

telephone book 電話簿

yellow pages 電話簿

yellow press 色情出版物

dial the number 打電話

打電話步驟：

look up the number in the telephone;

pick up the receiver;

drop the coins in the slot 投幣孔;

dial the number you wanted.[P25-4]

A)She was afraid she might be kept too late.B)She would have something more important to do.C)She had to meet a friend of hers.D)She was not in the mood to attend the party.W: Hello, Steve.This is Susan.I?m afraid I won?t be able to come to the party.I was justasked to go to a meeting.M: Do come after your meeting, Susan.Our party won?t be over until midnight.Q: Why did the woman say that she could not join in the party?

注：be in the mood to do sth.愿意做某事，有這種心情做某事

[P25-9]

A)To write a check.B)To find a telephone number.C)To ring up somebody.D)To check the telephone service.W: I?m sorry, but the number you are dialing is not in service.M: But that?s impossible.I just spoke to him this morning.Could you please check it for me?

Q: What is the man trying to do?

注：operator 接線員

[P27-2]

A)The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.B)The woman is asking for a promotion.C)The woman is applying for a job.D)The woman is being given an examination.M: Now, I'm going to start off by asking you a difficult question.Why would you like to get this post?

W: Well-first of all I know that your firm has a very good reputation.Then I've heard you offer good opportunities for promotion for the right person.Q: What do we know from this conversation?

工作場(chǎng)景：

1、找到工作高興

2、失去工作傷心

3、拒絕工作奇怪（主動(dòng)拒絕令人感到奇怪）

找工作的步驟：

1、信息來(lái)源：newspaper 報(bào)紙: classified ad.分類廣告, help and wanted section 供求關(guān)系版

bulletin board公告板

flier 傳單

2、打電話確認(rèn)

3、準(zhǔn)備簡(jiǎn)歷

4、面試：攜帶證明 identification、證書 certificate；確定你是否有資格qualification（be qualified for some post;be up to 勝任）；推薦信 reference letter

[P27-3]

A)His car was hit by another car.B)He was hurt while playing volleyball.C)He fell down the stairs.D)While crossing the street, he was hit by a car.W: Did you hear Mike is in hospital with head injuries and a broken arm?

M: Yes, apparently he was struck by another vehicle and turned completely over.Q: What happened to Mike?

[P27-4]

A)Took a photo of him.B)Bought him a picture.C)Held a birthday party.D)Bought him a frame for his picture.M: Could you help me to decide what I should buy for my brother's birthday?

W: Remember, you took a picture of him at his last birthday party? Why not buy him a frame so that he can fix the picture in it.Q: What did the man do last year for his brother's birthday?

注：提醒模式 remember, first, today, now(right now)

[P31-5]

A)Women's rights in society.B)The woman's job is a librarian.C)An important election.D)Career planning.W: We all talk about how liberated we are, but in fact women are still not equally treated.M: I don't think so.You've got the vote, you've got your careers-I think you've got everything important.Q: What are they arguing about?

注：liberated 自由的，被解放了的

free 免費(fèi)的（選項(xiàng)中反義替換 pay)，有空閑時(shí)間的（選項(xiàng)中反義替換 busy)。

Statue of Liberty 自由女神

[P31-6]

A)She totally agrees with him.B)She thinks it is easier said than done.C)She feels that what he says is simply nonsense.D)She thinks that he is rather impolite person.M: It's partly your own fault.You should never let in anyone like that unless you're expecting him.W: It's all very well to say that, but someone comes to the door and says “electricity” or “gas” and you automatically think he is OK, especially if he shows you a card.Q: How does the woman feel about the man's remarks?

注：fault 過(guò)失

針對(duì)責(zé)備場(chǎng)景：

It's all very well to say that.說(shuō)起來(lái)容易。

It is easier said than done.說(shuō)起來(lái)容易，做起來(lái)難。

[P33-7]

A)The woman thanks the man for his efforts.B)The woman thinks that everything was all right.C)The woman blames the man for his absence.D)The woman doesn't think it was the man's fault.M: Look, I'm sorry I didn't turn up for the match yesterday, but it wasn't really my fault, you know.W: It's all very well saying it wasn't your fault, but thanks to you we lost 10 to 1.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

注：thank to 由于

[P44-2]

A)He is not to blame.B)It was his fault.C)He will accept all responsibility.D)He will be more careful next time.W: What an accident!If you had been careful, things would not be as they are.M: What do you mean, it was my fault? If it were, surely I would take all responsibility for it.Q: What does the man mean?

[P31-8]

A)On the 6th of June.B)On the 8th of June.C)On the 9th of June.D)On the 19th of June.M: I'd like to make two reservations on Flight 651 for June 8th.W: I'm sorry, we're booked up on the 8th.But we still have a few seats available on the 9th.Q: When does the man want to leave?

注：1.make reservation 預(yù)定，保留

2.be booked up 被定光

be filled 充滿了 be full of 充滿了

be taken 被占用

機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景：

1、票已售完

2、接人晚點(diǎn)

3、送人傷感

機(jī)場(chǎng)線索詞：

airplane 飛機(jī) flight 航班 take off 起飛 land 降落 circle 盤旋

wing 機(jī)翼；建筑物的側(cè)樓；博物館側(cè)面展廳；翅膀

terminal 終端機(jī)(computer)；終點(diǎn)站；候機(jī)大廳

[P33-3]

A)The cause of the flood.B)The heroic fight against a flood.C)The effects of the flood.D)Floods of the past twenty years.M: This has been the worst flood for the past 20 years.It has caused much damage and destruction.W: Look at the prices of fruits and vegetables.No wonder they are so expensive.Q: What are they talking about?

注：兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)正好相反，一定有一個(gè)為正確的選項(xiàng)。

自然災(zāi)害的影響一定嚴(yán)重。

天氣一定是極端的天氣。

[P33-4]

A)They waited for each other at different places.B)They were both busy doing their own work.C)They went to the street corner at different times.D)The man went to the concert but the woman didn't.W: George, where were you yesterday evening? I expected to see you at the concert.M: Oh, I waited for you at the corner of your street.Then I looked for you at your flat, but the housekeeper said you were out.Q: Why didn't they meet that evening?

注： flat（英）公寓=apartment（美）sneaker 運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋（美）

trainer 運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋(英）sweat shirt 運(yùn)動(dòng)衫（美）

jersey 運(yùn)動(dòng)衫（英）corn 玉米（美）

maize 玉米（英）church 教堂（美）

chapel 教堂，小禮拜堂（英）cathedral 天主教大教堂（美）

luggage 行李（美）baggage 行李（英）

bang 頭發(fā)劉海（美）fringe 頭發(fā)劉海（英）

[P33-6]

A)In Mexico.B)In New Mexico.C)In the city.D)In California.M: I'd like to make an appointment to see Dr.Smith tomorrow.W: I' m sorry.Dr.Smith went on a one-week vacation in Mexico, and on his way back he'll be staying in California for 5 days.Let me see.He'll probably be back the day after tomorrow.Q: Where is Dr.Smith now?

[P34-9]

A)The credit hours required for an M.A.degree.B)The requirements of an M.A.degree.C)Getting extra credits.D)Taking more optional courses.M: You'll need 36 credit hours to get an M.A.degree.Fifteen must be from the English Department and fifteen from the Education Department.For the remaining six credit hours, you can either write a thesis or take two more optional courses.W: Right now, this is very confusing to me, but I'm sure I'll know what to do as I learn more about it.Q: What are they talking about?

注：M.A.Master of Arts 文學(xué)碩士

選課：take, take up, enroll in, register for, sign up for

[P36-1]

A)At home.B)In a phone box.C)In her office.D)In a friend's house.M: Please hold the line, Mrs.Smith.The doctor will talk to you in a minute.W: I?m afraid I may have to hang up.I don?t have any more coins and the line will be cut soon.Q: Where is Mrs.Smith most probably?

打電話場(chǎng)景：

1、約人約不到

2、約會(huì)去不了

3、電話打不通

電話亭:

telephone box telephone toll telephone booth telephone stand

newsstand 報(bào)亭 vegetable stand 菜攤 stands 露天座位

[P36-2]

A)On the west side of a square.B)At the end of a street.C)To the east of the traffic light.D)On the east side of a square.M: Excuse me, but could you show me the way to the train station?

W: Certainly.Go straight until you reach the traffic light, then turn left and you will see asquare.The station is on the east side of it.Q: Where is the train station located?

[P36-5]

A)In a hospital.B)In a library.C)In a travel agency.D)In a restaurant.M: You can get a lot of practice in giving out tickets and handling hotel reservations.Later on, you can take telephone calls.W: That?s great!Thanks, Mr.Thomson.I?ll come to work tomorrow.Q: Where will the woman probably be working?

旅行社：

book tickets 定票

make hotel reservation 訂房

[P36-6]

A)Customer and salesperson.B)Teacher and student.C)Boss and secretary.D)Guest and waitress.M: Please make 20 copies of this and deliver them to the chief executive and heads of departments.W: Certainly, sir.They will find it on their desks tomorrow morning.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

注：chief executive 行政主管

chief executive officer CEO

[P39-2]

A)Whether to employ the woman.B)Whether to take up the new job.C)Whether to ask for a raise.D)Whether to buy a new house.M: You know, I? m just not too sure if the new salary will be high enough or even the new position is really what I want.Besides, I like the work that I am doing now.W: It sounds as though you?ve already made up your mind about what you are going to do.Q: What is the man thinking about?

注：take up 選課（take, take up, enroll in, register for, sign up for）；接受（take）

[P39-3]

A)A teacher.B)A psychologist.C)A librarian.D)A publisher.W: I?m looking for a textbook for my Psychology course.It?s called “Introduction to Educational Psychology”.Do you have it?

M: Yes, we do.You?ll find it in Section 24 on the top shelf.Q: What?s the man?s occupation?

注：1.textbook 教科書

2.introduction 初級(jí)課程

3.shelf 書架

圖書館：

reference room 參考資料室 periodical's room 期刊室 current issue 當(dāng)月期刊 older issue 過(guò)期期刊

back issue 過(guò)期期刊 card catalog 索引室，卡片檢索

put on reserve 預(yù)留

關(guān)于圖書館基本思路：

1、想借的書借不到。

2、想還的書已過(guò)期。

[P39-8]

A)The woman enjoyed the movie very much.B)The woman saw a horror movie.C)The man asked the woman to be careful at night.D)The man went to the show with the woman.W: I still can?t get over the show last Saturday evening.I keep having frightening dreams all night.M: So, next time before you walk into a theatre, make sure what you are going to see.Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

注：frightening dreams 惡夢(mèng)

nightmare 惡夢(mèng)

考試、交通

對(duì)電影的評(píng)價(jià)基本上是負(fù)面的

It's a waste of time.It's a waste of money.It isn't worth the price of the admission.It has got an awful review.對(duì)音樂(lè)會(huì)的評(píng)價(jià)基本上是正面的[P41-2]

A)It will take about one month to repair the watch.B)The woman should have saved more money.C)It is a good idea to keep the old watch.D)The watch is no longer worth repairing.W: I can?t figure out what?s wrong with my watch.It was just a month ago that I had it repaired.M: Don't waste your time and money any more.It's a very old watch and is quite worn out.Q: What does the man mean?

思維：崇尚消費(fèi)

1、東西壞了，扔了算了，買個(gè)新的

2、修不如買

東西方思維差異：

1、崇尚消費(fèi)

2、提倡個(gè)人奮斗：借錢不借；借筆記一般也不借

3、重視錢

4、飲食方面：apple pie 一定好吃（代表美國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化traditional American）

This picnic is as American as apple pie.典型的美式野餐。

apple pie virtue 美國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)美德

I took the last one and it was out of the world.Even my mother's can't match this.You wouldn't have to force me to take another helping.5、不謙虛 self-confidence

6、表達(dá)直接且理性，邏輯嚴(yán)緊

注：1.figure out 判斷出

2.worn out（物）破舊；（人）疲憊

[P41-3]

A)Arguing.B)Protesting.C)Complaining.D)Bargaining.M: Oh, what a morning!You know, I had so much work to do and the phone just kept ringing.Three salespecople called me this morning!

W: I know how it is.I get a lot of calls too...even on weekends.Q: What are the two speakers doing?

注：I know how it is.表示同情。

I know how you feel.[P42-4]

A)Families with cars.B)American's heavy dependence on cars.C)Roads and highways.D)Traffic problems in America.W: You Americans are funny!It seems as if you were married to your cars.M: Yeah, I guess that's true.The country is becoming one big highway.I was reading that there are about 4 million miles of roads and high ways in this country now.Q: What are they talking about?

短對(duì)話，聽到什么不選什么。

段子題：聽到什么選什么。

[P42-5]

A)The apples and pears might not be so good.B)The apples are not as good as the pears.C)The apples and pears are very good.D)The apples and pears are as good as they look.W: I intend to buy some fruit for the children.These apples and pears seem to be in season.I'll get two dozen of each.M: I hope they're as good as they look.Q: What does the man mean?

注：1.pear 梨 pearl 珍珠

2.be in season 新鮮

購(gòu)物場(chǎng)景：

supermarket 超市（便宜，日常生活用品supplies）

department store 百貨公司（貴，衣服，家用電器appliance）

[P42-8]

A)Customer and salesman.B)Colleagues.C)Employee and boss.D)Classmates.W: Hi!Jack.I just came back yesterday.Anything new while I was away?

M: Congratulations, Susan.It's said you'll be promoted to manager and become my immediate boss.Q: What is most probably the relationship between the two speakers at the moment?

注：1.immediate boss 頂頭上司

2.employee 雇員 employer 雇主

interviewer 面試者 interviewee 被面試者

payer 付款人 payee 收款人

[P44-3]

A)The man is a forgetful person.B)The typewriter is not new.C)The man can have the typewriter later.D)The man misunderstood her.M: Isn't that a new brand of typewriter you are working at? W: Oh, Bill.This isn't the first time you've asked me about it.Q: What does the woman imply?

健忘：

forgetful He is forgetful.Isn't he forgetful? How forgetful he is!

Absentminded slip one's mind

slipper 拖鞋 slippery 光滑的

害羞：

shy embarrassed 窘迫的 self-conscious 自我意識(shí)的

keep to oneself keep one's mind/ thought consciousness 意識(shí)

外向：

outgoing sociable easygoing

[P44-4]

A)There will be heavy fog in all areas.B)There will be heavy rain by midnight.C)There will be heavy fog in the east.D)There will be fog in all areas by midnight.W: It's nearly 10 o'clock.Let's listen to the weather forecast.M: Here's the weather forecast.Fog is spreading from the east, and it'll affect all areas by midnight.It'll be heavy in some places.Q: What's the weather forecast?

注：1.談?wù)撎鞖庖话銟O端不好。

2.fog 大霧，濃霧 mist 薄霧

shower 陣雨 pour 傾盆大雨

high wind 大風(fēng) gale 狂風(fēng)

blizzard 大風(fēng)雪

3.let up 雨停了 clear up 天放晴

warm up 天變暖

4.super hot 特別熱 burning hot 特別熱

freezing cold 冰冷 icy cold 冰冷

[P45-9]

A)She has been dismissed for her poor performance.B)She has been fired by the company.C)She has been granted leave for one month.D)She has been offered a new job.M: I'm sorry to tell you that you needn't come next week.You know, sales of our company have been poor recently.W: I've always worked hard.Would you be kind enough to give me a month's time so that I can find a new job?

Q: What has happened to the woman?

工作場(chǎng)景：

找到工作高興 失去工作傷心 拒絕工作奇怪 參見(jiàn)[P27-2]

[P47-1]

A)To change the tennis shoes in the sportswear department.B)To help his friend find the right department.C)To find his lost shoes on the tennis court.D)To buy himself a pair of tennis shoes.M: Could you please tell me where I can find tennis shoes?

W: Yes.You can get them in the sportswear department on the right side of the store.Q: What does the man want to do?

參見(jiàn)[P42-5]

注：department store 一般會(huì)分樓層 floor

flour 面粉

網(wǎng)球：

broken string 球拍斷線 restring 重新上線

serve 發(fā)球 return 回球

forehand 正手 backhand 反手

[P48-7]

A)The environmental problem.B)The health problem.C)The educational problem.D)The international problem.W: I wonder if our children will still be able to breath the clean air, drink clean water and see the blue sky.M: I agree with you.I think it's time man learned to live in harmony with the earth instead of just exploiting it.Q: What are they talking about?

注：in harmony with 與……和諧相處

[P48-9]

A)They think cinemas are too far away from their homes.B)They are disappointed with the films produced these days.C)They both dislike films about adventure stories.D)They both like the idea of going to the cinema at night.M: I used to go to the cinema a lot.It did make a nice night out, but not now.W: No, I don't either.There aren't any good adventurous stories like the movies they made when I was young.Q: What can be concluded from this conversation?

注：1.film 膠卷，電影

2.have a nice night out 在外面玩一宿

[P50-1]

A)Their parents cut back the loan.B)The woman doesn't want Frank to take another English course.C)They can't pay the rent this month.D)The woman's boss refused to give her a raise.W: Frank, we've got a problem.We don't have enough money to pay the rent this month.I think I'd better ask Mom and Dad for a loan, or ask my boss for a raise.M: Well, I don't know.But maybe I'd better not take another English course this semester.Q: What's the problem they are talking about?

[P50-2]

A)Ask Dr.Smith to alter his decision.B)Ask Dr.Smith to call the library.C)Get the book directly from Dr.Smith.D)Get Dr.Smith's written permission.M: May I take this book out? I need it to work on my paper for Dr.Smith's history class.W: I am afraid not.The book has been put on reserve by Dr.Smith.Unless you have his written permission, we won't let it out.Q: What should the man do to borrow the book?

注：1.put on reserve 保留

2.let it out 借出去

let us out 下課

meet 上課

break up 下課；分手

make up 補(bǔ)考；重歸于好

flame 火焰 old flame 舊情人

a big date 周末玩通宵

blind date 經(jīng)介紹的第一次約會(huì)

stand sb.up 放鴿子

go steady 正式確定情侶關(guān)系

play the field 戀愛(ài)不專一

[P50-4]

A)He feels unsympathetic.B)He feels it's a pity.C)He feels it's unfair.D)He feels glad.W: By the way, did you hear that Jack failed the midterm English exam? It' s too bad because it'll disqualify him for next year's scholarship.M: He deserved it.He's never really studied since last semester.Q: How does the man feel about Jack's failing the exam?

注：He deserved it.他活該。

語(yǔ)氣詞總結(jié)：

1、糟糕系列：

It's too bad.What a pity!

tough luck It's really tough.Oh no!Uh-uh

shit fuck

2、吃驚系列：

Boy.Man.Oh my.Oh dear.Oh my goodness.Wow

3、贊美系列：

terrific awesome

fantastic wonderful

cool super cool ultra cool

4、贊同系列：

Yeah.You bet.Ah-huh

5、否定系列：

Nope.6、臟話系列：

dummy 笨蛋 idiot 白癡

moron 白癡 jerk 廢物

asshole 混蛋 S.O.B.son of bitch

段子題：忽視題裁，重視結(jié)構(gòu)

一、提前看選項(xiàng)：找出相同詞，確定文章討論范圍；找數(shù)字，準(zhǔn)備記錄，聽到什么選什么（短對(duì)話中數(shù)字題需要計(jì)算，聽到什么不選什么）。

[P28-One]

11.A)They often take place in her major industries.B)British trade unions are more powerful.C)There are more trade union members in Britain.D)Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.12.A)Such strikes are against the British law.B)Such strikes are unpredictable.C)Such strikes involve workers from different trades.D)Such strikes occur frequently these days.13.A)Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.B)Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.31 C)Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.D)Employer-worker relations in Britain have become tenser.[P37-Two]

15.A)He has always lived in America.B)He has been in America for three years.C)He visited America three years ago.D)He has come to America to do research on advertising.16.A)There were far more advertisements there than he had expected.B)The advertisements there were well designed.C)The advertisements there were creative and necessary.D)He found the advertisements there difficult to understand.17.A)Be more careful about what they advertise.B)Spend less money on advertising.C)Advertise more for their products.D)Use new advertising techniques.[P57-One]

11.A)About 45 million.B)About 50 million.C)About 5.4 million.D)About 4.5 million.12.A)The actors and actresses are not paid for their performance.B)The actors and actresses only perform in their own communities.C)They exist only in small communities.D)They only put on shows that are educational.32

13.A)It provides them with the opportunity to watch performances for free.B)It provides them with the opportunity to make friends.C)It gives them the chance to do something creative.D)It gives them a chance to enjoy modern art.文章的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1、介紹型文章：介紹新的概念，時(shí)間順序，與眾不同。起源、現(xiàn)狀、影響（現(xiàn)實(shí)意義）。

2、討論型文章：分析問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題。

3、對(duì)比型文章：對(duì)比兩種觀點(diǎn)、理論，說(shuō)明現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

二、聽兩頭：開頭100％出考題，結(jié)尾也非常重要。

聽到什么選什么。

1、如果選項(xiàng)短，是細(xì)節(jié)題，應(yīng)該邊聽邊看選項(xiàng)。

2、如果選項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)，是主線題，應(yīng)該專注聽。

結(jié)尾的特點(diǎn)：記重復(fù)重現(xiàn)的詞；引導(dǎo)結(jié)果的連詞 therefore, thus, so, as a result, that is，開頭結(jié)尾一般考topic 題

三、中間應(yīng)該抓小詞

first, most, because, only, just, but

強(qiáng)烈的轉(zhuǎn)折，強(qiáng)烈的因果都非常重要。

四、猜題原則

客觀的事實(shí)，用常識(shí)(common sense)猜題。

歌曲 Sealed with a kiss

Though we're gonna say goodbye for the summer

darling I promise you this

I'll send you all my love everyday in a letter sealed with kiss

Cause it's gonna be a cold lonely summer

But I'll fill the emptiness I'll send you all my love

Everyday in a letter sealed with a kiss

I'll see you in the sunlight

I'll hear your voice everywhere

I'll run to tenderly hold you

But darling you won't be there

I don't wanna say goodbye for the summer

Knowing the love we'll miss

Oh let us make a pledge to meet in September

And sealed with a kiss

Sealed with a kiss sealed with a kiss

注：wanna=want to

gonna=going to

歌曲 Take me home, Country Roads

John Denver

Almost heaven, West Virginia

Blue Ridge Mountains

Shenandoah River

Life is old there

Older than the trees

Younger than the mountains

Growing like a breeze

Country Roads, take me home

To the place I belong

West Virginia, mountain momma

Take me home, country roads

All my memories gathered ?round her

Miner?s lady, stranger to blue water

Dark and dusty, painted on the sky

Misty taste of moonshine

Teardrops in my eye

Country Roads, take me home

To the place I belong

West Virginia, mountain momma

Take me home, country roads

I hear her voice

In the morning hour she calls me

The radio reminds me of my home far away

And driving down the road I get a feeling

That I should have been home yesterday, yesterday

Country Roads, take me home

To the place I belong

West Virginia, mountain momma

Take me home, country roads

Country Roads, take me home

To the place I belong

West Virginia, mountain momma

Take me home, country roads

Take me home, country roads

Take me home, country roads

注：down 往南去

up 往北去

數(shù)字題（客觀題）：聽到什么選什么

中心思想題：文章開頭的名詞，文章中間的高頻詞，選項(xiàng)中的小詞（development, evolution, formation, invention, new, special, effect）

細(xì)節(jié)題：first, most, because, only, just

[P28-One]

11.A)They often take place in her major industries.B)British trade unions are more powerful.C)There are more trade union members in Britain.D)Britain loses more working days through strikes every year.12.A)Such strikes are against the British law.B)Such strikes are unpredictable.C)Such strikes involve workers from different trades.D)Such strikes occur frequently these days.13.A)Trade unions in Britain are becoming more popular.B)Most strikes in Britain are against the British law.C)Unofficial strikes in Britain are easier to deal with now.D)Employer-worker relations in Britain have become tenser.Strikes are very common in Britain.They are extremely harmful to its industries.In fact, there are other countries in Western Europe that lose more working days through strikes every year than Britain.The trouble with the strikes in Britain is that they occur in essential industries.There are over 495 unions in Britain.Some unions are very small.Over 20 have more than 100, 000 members.Unions do not exist only to demand higher wages.They also educate their members.They provide benefits for the sick and try to improve working conditions.Trade unioners say that we must thank the unions for the great

improvement in working conditions in the last hundred years.It is now against the law for union members to go on strike without the support of their union.This kind of strike is called the unofficial strike and was common until recently.Employers feel that unofficial strikes were most harmful because they would not be predicted.However, these unofficial strikes still occur from time to time and some unions have also refused to cooperate with the law.As a result, the general picture of the relations between workers and employers in Britain has gone from bad to worse.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.In what way are strikes in Britain different from those in other European countries?（開頭）

12.Why are British employers so afraid of unofficial strikes?（most, because）

13.What conclusion can be drawn from this passage?（結(jié)尾As a result）

注：Unions do not exist only to demand higher wages.【否定轉(zhuǎn)移】

一個(gè)句子中（無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)），如果前面是否定，后面表達(dá)的是原因、結(jié)果和目的，那么前面的not否定的是句子后面的原因、結(jié)果和目的，而并非是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

I didn't spend 3 hours repairing your vacuum cleaner so that it could sit in the closet.I didn't teach because it's easy.[P49-Two]

15.A)How to handle spiders.B)Spiders in the United States.C)People' s fear of spiders.D)A special kind of spider.16.A)Most spiders will not bite even when handled.B)Most spiders are poisonous and dangerous.C)Most spiders are likely to attack people.D)Most spiders have sharp eyes.17.A)Because she cannot find a husband for herself.B)Because the female spider is larger than the male one.37 C)Because the female spider often eats her husband.D)Because she is a black female spider.You should not fear spiders because of their poison.Of all the spiders in North America, only one kind is really dangerous and most would not bite even if they were handled.They much prefer to run away or to drop to the ground on a thread of silk.Even so, when a spider runs directly toward a person, it gives the impression that it is about to attack.Actually, it cannot see the person in its way.The spider is too short-sighted to see things at a distance.It only wants to go where it will not be disturbed.In the United States one kind of spider is responsible for the frightening reputation of the rest.It is the Black Widow.So called because the female, which is larger than the male, often eats her husband after making love.The Black Widow is found in all states but is most common in the south and the west.She constructs a loose, irregular web under a pile of rowans or near the foundations of buildings where she is seldom disturbed.She is not an attacking spider and many people have proven this by letting her crawl over their hands.When she bites, it is usually in self-defence.In spite of the stories you may have heard, it is rare for a person to be bitten by a Black Widow and even more unusual for the bite to prove fatal.But remember that her poison is powerful and even though she is shy, she should be respected.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15.What is this passage mainly about?

16.What do we learn about spiders from the passage?（only, most）

17.Why is the spider you just heard about called the Black Widow?（because）

注：You should not fear spiders because of their poison.否定轉(zhuǎn)移

段子題：

1、看選項(xiàng)：找相同詞，確定文章范圍；抓數(shù)字

2、聽兩頭：中心思想

3、抓小詞：細(xì)節(jié)題

數(shù)字題（客觀題）：聽到什么選什么

中心思想題：文章開頭的名詞，文章中間的高頻詞，選項(xiàng)中的小詞（development, evolution, formation, invention, new, special, effect）

細(xì)節(jié)題：first, most, because, only, just

[P29-Three]

17.A)17,000.38 B)1,700.C)24.D)9,000.18.A)It's located in a college town.B)It's composed of a group of old buildings.C)Its classrooms are beautifully designed.D)Its library is often crowded with students.19.A)Teachers are well paid at Deep Springs.B)Students are mainly from New York State.C)The length of schooling is two years.D)Teachers needn't pay for their rent and meals.20.A)Take a walk in the desert.B)Go to a cinema.C)Watch TV programmes.D)Attend a party.Deep Springs is an American college.It is an unusual college.It is high in the white mountains in California not in a college town.The campus is a collection of old buildings with no beautiful classrooms.The only college-like thing about Deep Springs is its library.Students can study from the 17,000 books 24 hours a day.The library is never crowded as there are only 24 well-qualified male students at the college.In addition, there are only five full-time professors.These teachers believe in the idea of this college.They need to believe in it.They do not get much money.In fact, their salaries are only about 9,000 dollars a year plus room and meals.The school gives the young teachers as well as the students something more important than money.“There is no place like Deep Springs,” says a second-year student from New York State, “Most colleges today are much the same but Deep Springs is not afraid to be different.” He says that students at his college are in a situation quite unlike in the other school.Students are there to learn and they cannot run away from problems.There is no place to escape to.At most colleges, students can close their books and go to a film.They can go out to restaurants or to parties.Deep Springs students have completely different alternatives.They can talk to each other or to their teachers.Another possible activity is to go to the library to study.They might decide to do some work.The student who doesn' t want to do any of these activities can go for a walk in the desert.Deep Springs is far from the world of restaurants and cinemas.There is not even a television set on campus.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.39

17.What is the total number of students at Deep Springs College?

18.What is true of the campus of Deep Springs College?

19.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

20.What can students at Deep Springs do in their spare time?

注：選項(xiàng)短，細(xì)節(jié)題，邊聽邊看選項(xiàng)。

[P32-Three]

17.A)The low cost of its service.B)Its specialization in transporting small packages.C)Being the first airline to send urgent letters.D)Its modern sorting facilities.18.A)10,000.B)35.C)130.D)30.19.A)Because of its location in the country.B)Because of its good airport facilities.C)Because of its size.D)Because of its round-the-clock service.20.A)Its full-time staff.B)The postmen who work in Memphis.C)Students who work in their spare time.D)The staff members of the International Airport.Federal Express is a private airline service which expands the Postal Service in the United States.It is the only U.S.airline specializing in the transportation of small packages-35 kilos or less.40

Federal Express links 130 major U.S.cities and 10,000 surrounding communities.An urgent package picked up in one part of the country this afternoon can be delivered to any other part of the country tomorrow morning.All of the Federal Express jets fly into the International Airport at Memphis, Tennessee, because it is located in the center of the United States.The sorting facility for Federal Express is called “The Hub”.Every night, from about 12 midnight to 3 a.m., the packages are gathered and sorted into shipments for specific destinations.The main labor force is comprised of students working part-time.Since Federal Express started business in 1971, it has flown millions of air kilometers without fail.In the space of one hour, 39 jets will take off to destinations all across the United States.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage yon have just heard.17.What makes the Federal Express so unique in the U.S.airline service business?

18.How many major U.S.cities does Federal Express link?

19.Why do all of the Federal Express jets fly into the International Airport at Memphis, Tennessee?

20.Who comprises the main labour force of Federal Express?

注：1.Federal Express 聯(lián)邦快遞

2.urgent package 快件

[P40-One]

11.A)Because they can't afford to.B)Because they think small houses are more comfortable to live in.C)Because big houses are usually built in the countryside.D)Because they prefer apartments.12.A)Because many young people have moved into comfortable apartments.B)Because many old houses in the bad part of the town are not inhabited.C)Because many older people sell their houses after their children leave.D)Because many people have quit their old house to build new ones.13.A)They have to do their own maintenance.B)They have to furnish their own houses.41

C)They will find it difficult to make the rest of the payment.D)They will find it difficult to dispose of their old-style furniture.[P40-Two]

14.A)They are not active hunters.B)They don't sleep much.C)They are often seen alone.D)They don't eat much.15.A)To catch the birds.B)To look for shade in the heat of the day.C)To catch other animals.D)To look for a kill made by another animal.16.A)They are larger in size.B)They run faster.C)They have to hunt more to feed the young.D)They are not as lazy as the males.[P40-Three]

17.A)Less than 30 minutes.B)From 30 to 45 minutes.C)At least 45 minutes.D)More than 45 minutes.18.A)He should show respect for the interviewer.B)He should show confidence in himself.C)He should talk enthusiastically.42 D)He should be dressed properly.19.A)Speaking confidently but not aggressively.B)Talking loudly to give a lasting impression.C)Talking a lot about the job.D)Speaking politely and emotionally.20.A)Professional knowledge is a decisive factor in job interview.B)Finding a job is more difficult than one can imagine.C)A job seeker should create a good image during an interview.D)Self-confidence is most important for a job seeker.To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities.You need to create a good image in the limited time available, usually from 30 to 45 minutes.You must make a positive impression which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other candidates.The following are some qualities you should especially pay attention to during an interview.First of all, you should take care to appear properly dressed.The right clothes worn at the right time can win respect of the interviewer and his confidence in your judgement.It may not be true that clothes make the man.But the first and often last impression of you is determined by the clothes you wear.Secondly, you should pay close attention to your manner of speaking, since speech is a reflection of personality.You should reflect confidence by speaking in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard, without being aggressive or overpowering.You should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements of the position you are applying for.Finally, to be really impressive you must convey a sense of self-confidence and enthusiasm for work.If you display these characteristics, with just a little luck, you'll certainly succeed in the typical personnel interview.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.How long does an interview usually last according to the speaker?

18.How can one give the interviewer a good first impression?

19.What should be the best manner of speaking for a job-seeker during an interview?

20.What is the main idea of the short talk you have just heard?

注：personnel 人事；personal 個(gè)人的[P63-One]

11.A)The color of the dog.43

B)The price of the dog.C)Whether the dog will fit the environment.D)Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.12.A)It must be trained so it won't bite.B)It needs more love and care.C)It demands more food and space.D)It must be looked after carefully.13.A)They are less likely to run away.B)It's easier for their masters to train them.C)They are less likely to be shy with human beings.D)It's easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives.If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide.Specialist advice is available to help you choose the most suitable breed of dog.But in part, the decision depends on common sense.Most breeds were originally developed to perform specific tasks.So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose a breed that has the right size and characteristics.You must also be ready to devote a good deal of time to train the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless you live in the country and can let it run freely.Dogs are demanding pets.Whereas cats identify with the house and so are content if their place there is secure, a dog identifies with its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection.The best time to buy a baby-dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its affection from its mother to its master.If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their stronger relationship will always be with dogs.They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.What' s mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog?

12.Why does the speaker say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat?

13.Why is it advised to buy baby dogs under three months old?

注：1.demanding 苛求的

2.consequently = so 因此

consequent 最后一個(gè)

subsequent 下一個(gè)

[P26-Three]

17.A)More jobs could be provided than before.B)More people could be educated than before.C)More books could be printed and distributed.D)More ways could be used to exchange knowledge.18.A)Around 1400.B)Around 1900.C)Around 400.D)Around 900.19.A)China.B)Sweden.C)Egypt.D)Japan.20.A)More and more paper is being consumed nowadays.B)Paper enables people to receive education more easily.C)The invention of paper is of great significance to man.D)Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records.Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man.Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on.The invention of paper meant more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed.Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly.In 1900 the world's use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year.Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year.Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other

countries.Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China.In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400.The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant.Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of years.Parchment was very strong;it was made from the skin of certain young animals.We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.Which of the following is not mentioned about the invention of paper?

18.When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely?

19.Which of the following countries uses most paper for each person a year?

20.What is the main idea of this short talk?

[P43-Three]

topic 題，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有and應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮

題型總結(jié)：

Section A:

1、but 題型

2、場(chǎng)景題（線索詞）

3、替換題（聽到什么不選什么）

Section B:

1、主觀題（找積極態(tài)度，正面評(píng)價(jià)）

2、客觀題（數(shù)字題，聽到什么選什么）

3、宏觀題（中心思想題）

4、細(xì)節(jié)題（注意中間的提示詞）

替換題paraphrase：

1、詞組與詞的替換（一般題干中出現(xiàn)詞組；選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)詞）。

比如：run into sb.= meet sb.call off = cancel

2、詞與詞替換（同義詞或者反義詞替換）

比如：interesting = stimulating；fascinating；exciting；not boring

[P25-10]

A)One.B)Four.C)Five.46

D)None.M: I hope there weren?t many visitors when I was away yesterday.W: There wasn?t a single one, Mr.Green.But I received four phone calls before I left the office at about 5:30.Q: How many people visited Mr.Green?s office yesterday?

注：not a single one = none [P27-1]

A)Read four chapters.B)Write an article.C)Speak before the class.D)Preview two chapters.W: What is the home assignment from Professor Smith? I missed the class this morning.M: Finish reading Chapters 5 and 6, and write an essay based on Chapters 3 and 4.Remember, it's your turn to give a presentation next Monday.Q: What will the woman do in addition to the home assignment for the whole class?

注：提醒模式：remember, first, today, now(right now)

[P28-5]

A)No medicine could solve the woman?s problem.B)The woman should eat less to lose some weight.C)Nothing could help the woman if she ate too little.D)The woman should choose the right foods.M: What did your doctor prescribe for you?

W: Well, he said there was no need for me to take any medicine if I ate well-balanced meals.Q: What did the doctor say?

[P30-2]

A)It's too expensive.B)It isn't needed.C)A college would be better.D)It should be built.M: The city council has finally voted the funds to build a new high school.W: It's about time they did it.I don't know what took them so long.Q: What's the woman's opinion about the school?

注：It's about time...強(qiáng)烈的主觀建議，選項(xiàng)中找should

It's time...It's right time...It's just time...It's high time...[P30-3]

A)Jack sold his car.B)Jack's car was stolen.C)Jack bought a new car.D)Jack had a car accident.M: Last night, Jack left his car parked in front of his girl-friend's house and when he came out to go home, it was gone.W: Wow!That's really tough.He just bought it last month, didn't he?

Q: What do you think happened?

注：1.一個(gè)完整的句子加個(gè)小尾巴都是反義疑問(wèn)句，其核心是陳述句。

2.it was gone 不見(jiàn)了 it was missing

[P31-7]

A)To work in the flower beds.48 B)To weed the garden.C)To hire a gardener.D)To clean the yard.M: Your yard is always so beautiful, Cathy.You must have a gardener.W: Oh, no.It would cost at least $ 50 a month to hire someone to do the work, so I do most of it myself.I enjoy taking care of the flowers, but I have to force myself to do the weeding and cut the grass.Q: What does Cathy like to do?

注：weed 雜草 grass 草

[P31-9]

A)The man thinks the woman is wasting her time.B)The man thinks the woman should make full use of her time.C)The man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry.D)The man is eager to know the woman's answer.W: I have to think about your offer.I can't say “yes” or “no” at the moment.M: You can take your time.It will do if you let me know your decision in a day or two.Q: Which of the following is true?

注：1.You can take your time.不著急。There's no rush.What's the rush?

2.do =do some good/ work/ help 解決問(wèn)題，起作用，好用，好使

[P33-2]

A)It was pretty good.B)It was rather dull.C)It was not well organized.D)It was attended by many people.W: Let's talk about the preparations for the party.49

M: Right.We really need to plan better this time.Remember what a mess it was at the last party!

Q: What do we know about the last party?

注：1.dull（人）笨；（書）boring；（刀）鈍 2.mess 亂糟糟

[P36-3]

A)She has to change the time for the trip.B)She hasn't decided where to go next month.C)She can't afford the time for the trip.D)She will manage to leave this month.M: You?re going to make a trip to San Francisco, aren?t you?

W: Yes.But I haven?t got the plane ticket yet.I?m thinking of postponing the trip to next month since this is the busiest month for the airlines.Q: What do we know about the woman from this conversation?

注：trip 旅行；摔跟頭

機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景：

1、票已售完

2、接人晚點(diǎn)

3、送人傷感

態(tài)度方向題 建議題 復(fù)合式聽寫

Section A

1、but 題型（3個(gè)）

2、場(chǎng)景題（3個(gè)）

3、替換題（3個(gè)）

4、態(tài)度方向題、建議題（1個(gè)）

態(tài)度方向（Yes or No）題型

選項(xiàng)中一般有兩個(gè)相反選項(xiàng)。短對(duì)話中第一個(gè)人提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，第二個(gè)人的回答Yes or No，后面再進(jìn)一步解釋原因。

表示“Yes”“贊同”的一組詞：And...；I'll say；You said it.；You can say that again.；and how；isn't it, though；aren't they, though；You bet.；Of course；Certainly；Indeed；Sure.表示“No”的一組詞：Are you kidding/ joking/ serious? No kidding/ joking.Who told you that? Says who/ you? Where did you an idea like that?