第一篇：初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

1)leave的用法

1.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)上海的？

2.“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動(dòng)身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，愛(ài)麗斯要去倫敦了。

3.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你為什么要離開(kāi)上海去北京？ 2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should“應(yīng)該”學(xué)會(huì)使用

should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等，有“竟會(huì)”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？

Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什么來(lái)得這么晚？ should有時(shí)表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事，例如： We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。此時(shí)常指長(zhǎng)輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如： You should be here with clean hands.你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來(lái)。2.用于提出意見(jiàn)勸導(dǎo)別人。例如：

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感覺(jué)不舒服，你最好去看醫(yī)生。3.用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time.我們?cè)谕盹埱熬湍艿搅?。She should be here any moment.她隨時(shí)都可能來(lái)。3)What...? 與 Which...? 1.what 與 which 都是疑問(wèn)代詞，都可以指人或事物，但是what僅用來(lái)詢問(wèn)職業(yè)。如： What is your father? 你父親是干什么的？ 該句相當(dāng)于：

What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個(gè)人。如：---Which is Peter? 哪個(gè)是皮特？

---The boy behind Mary.瑪麗背后的那個(gè)男孩。

2.What...?是泛指，所指的事物沒(méi)有范圍的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范圍的限制。如：

What color do you like best?（所有顏色）你最喜愛(ài)什么顏色？

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?（有特定的范圍）你最喜愛(ài)哪一種顏色？

3.what 與 which 后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如： Which pictures are from China? 哪些圖片來(lái)自中國(guó)？ 4)頻度副詞的位置

1.常見(jiàn)的頻度副詞有以下這些： always（總是，一直）usually（通常）often（常常，經(jīng)常）sometimes（有時(shí)候）never（從不）2.頻度副詞的位置：

a.放在連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。如： David is often arrives late for school.大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。b.放在行為動(dòng)詞前。如：

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經(jīng)常在7：10去上學(xué)。

c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾，用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如： Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有時(shí)我步行回家，有時(shí)我騎自行車。3.never放在句首時(shí)，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要倒裝。如： Never have I been there.5)every day 與 everyday 1.every day 作狀語(yǔ)，譯為“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天7：10去上學(xué)。

I decide to read English every day.我決定每天讀英語(yǔ)。

2.everyday 作定語(yǔ)，譯為“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語(yǔ)。What's your everyday activity? 你的日?；顒?dòng)是什么？ 6)什么是助動(dòng)詞

1.協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~（Main Verb）。

助動(dòng)詞自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，例如： He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。

（doesn't是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義）2.助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用，可以用來(lái)： a.表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如： He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已結(jié)婚。b.表示語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：

He was sent to England.他被派往英國(guó)。c.構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？

Did you study English before you came here?你來(lái)這兒之前學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)嗎？ d.與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句，例如： I don't like him.我不喜歡他。e.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。He did know that.他的確知道那件事。

3.最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7)forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do 1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘記做過(guò)某事。(已做)The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)He forgot turning the light off.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。(已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)Don't forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來(lái)。(to come動(dòng)作未做)典型例題

----The light in the office is still on.----Oh，I forgot___.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off 答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。

2.remember to do 記得去做某事(未做)remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎? 8)It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1.for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很難的。2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me.你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。3.for 與of 的辨別方法：

用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ)，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ)，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：

You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。

He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)9)對(duì)兩個(gè)句子的提問(wèn)

新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)在命題中有將對(duì)句子劃線提問(wèn)這一題型取消的趨勢(shì)，現(xiàn)在采取的作法是對(duì)一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行自由提問(wèn)。例如：

句子：The boy in blue has three pens.提問(wèn)：1.Who has three pens? 2.Which boy has three pens? 3.What does the boy in blue have? 4.How many pens does the boy in blue have? 很顯然，學(xué)生多了更多的回答角度，也體現(xiàn)了考試的靈活性。再如： 句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.提問(wèn)：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday? 4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday? 5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday? 6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends? 10)so、such與不定冠詞的使用

1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”。如： He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”。如： It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11)使用-ing分詞的幾種情況 1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如： He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介詞后面。如： Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：

enjoy doing sth 樂(lè)于做某事 finish doing sth 完成做某事 feel like doing sth 想要做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 forget doing sth 忘記做過(guò)某事 go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 remember doing sth 記得做過(guò)某事 like doing sth 喜歡做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 find sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽(tīng)到/觀看某人做某事 try doing sth 試圖做某事 need doing sth 需要做某事 prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事 miss doing sth 錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事 12)英語(yǔ)中的“單數(shù)”

1.主語(yǔ)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如： he, she, it my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle 2.名詞有單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：

man（單數(shù)）---men（復(fù)數(shù)）banana（單數(shù)）---bananas（復(fù)數(shù)）3.動(dòng)詞有原形，第三人稱單數(shù)形式，-ing分詞，過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞。如： go---goes---going---went---gone work---works---working---worked---worked watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用相應(yīng)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如： The boy wants to be a sales assistant.Our English teacher is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的幾種形式

名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。I 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如：

pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers desk---desks tree---trees 2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x結(jié)尾的名詞，詞尾加-es。如： class---classes dish---dishes watch---watches box---boxes 3.以字母-o結(jié)尾的某些名詞，詞尾加-es。如： potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes Negro---Negroes hero---heroes 4.以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞，將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-es。如： family---families dictionary---dictionaries city---cities country---countries 5.以字母-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v，再加-es。如： half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives self---selves wife---wives life---lives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves loaf---loaves 但是：

scarf---scarves(fes)roof---roofs serf---serfs gulf---gulfs chief---chiefs proof---proofs belief---beliefs II 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 1.將-oo改為--ee。如： foot---feet tooth---teeth 2.將-man改為-men。如： man---men woman---women policeman---policemen postman---postmen 3.添加詞尾。如： child---children 4.單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如： sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish people---people 5.表示“某國(guó)人”的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變，其它國(guó)把-s加后面”。如： Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen American---Americans Australian---Australians Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans Russian---Russians Indian---Indians 6.其它。如： mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees man teacher---men teachers 14)雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的-ing分詞 初中階段常見(jiàn)的有以下這些： 1.let→letting 讓 hit→hitting 打、撞 cut→cutting 切、割 get→getting 取、得到 sit→sitting 坐

forget→forgetting 忘記 put→putting 放 set→setting 設(shè)置

babysit→babysitting 臨時(shí)受雇照顧嬰兒 2.shop→shopping 購(gòu)物 trip→tripping 絆 stop→stopping 停止 drop→dropping 放棄 3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游 swim→swimming 游泳 run→running 跑步 dig→digging 挖、掘 begin→beginning 開(kāi)始 prefer→preferring 寧愿 plan→planning 計(jì)劃

15)肯定句變否定句及疑問(wèn)句要變化的一些詞 1.some變?yōu)閍ny。如：

There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.但是，若在表示請(qǐng)邀請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求的句子中，some可以不變。如： Would you like some orange juice? 與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。2.and變?yōu)閛r。如： I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of(=lots of)變?yōu)閙any或much。如： They have a lot of friends.（可數(shù)名詞）→They don't have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可數(shù)名詞）→There isn't much orange in the bottle.4.already變?yōu)閥et。如： I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.16)in與after in 與 after 都可以表示時(shí)間，但二者有所區(qū)別。

1.in 經(jīng)常用于將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中，以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表示將來(lái)一段時(shí)間。如： He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他會(huì)動(dòng)身去北京。

2.after 經(jīng)常用于過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中，以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)，表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間。如： He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他動(dòng)身去了北京。

不過(guò)，如果after后跟的是具體的時(shí)刻，它也可用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如： We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十點(diǎn)后我們會(huì)完成工作的。3.注意區(qū)分以下的in的用法。I'll visit him in a week.一周后我會(huì)去拜訪他。I'll visit him twice in a week.一周內(nèi)我會(huì)去拜訪他兩次。17)不定冠詞a與an的使用

1.a 用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如： There is a “b” in the word “book”.單詞book中有個(gè)字母b。

類似的字母還有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。

2.an 用于以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。如： There is an “i” in the word “onion”.單詞onion中有個(gè)字母i。

類似的字母還有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨傘嗎？

3.以元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前面不一定都用an；以輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如： a useful book a universe a one-letter word an hour an uncle an umbrella an honest person 18)如何表達(dá)英語(yǔ)中的“穿、戴”？

英語(yǔ)中表示“穿、戴”的表達(dá)方法有好幾種，常見(jiàn)的有以下這些：

1、put on 主要表達(dá)“穿”的動(dòng)作。如： He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。

2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的狀態(tài)。如：

The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。

3、dress 可作及物動(dòng)詞，有“給......穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如： Please dress the children right now.請(qǐng)立即給孩子們穿上衣服。dress 也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示衣著的習(xí)慣。如：

The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。

4、be in 表示穿著的狀態(tài)。如：

John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。The man in black is a football coach.19)a little, a few 與 a bit(of)a little, a few 與 a bit(of)都有“一些、少量”的意義。他們的區(qū)別在哪里呢？ 1.a little 意為“一些、少量”，后接不可數(shù)名詞。如： There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。還可以接形容詞。如： He is a little shy.他有些害羞。

2.a few 意為“一些、少數(shù)”，后接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。如： There are a few people in the room.房間里有一些人。3.a bit 意為“一點(diǎn)兒”，后接形容詞。如： It's a bit cold.有點(diǎn)冷。a bit of 后接不可數(shù)名詞。如：

He has a bit of money.他有一點(diǎn)兒錢。

4.a little 表肯定意義，little 表否定意義；a few 表肯定意義，few 表否定意義。如： There is a little soda in the glass.杯子里有一點(diǎn)兒汽水。There is little soda in the glass.杯子里幾乎沒(méi)有汽水了。I have a few Chinese friends.我有一些中國(guó)朋友。Few people like him.幾乎沒(méi)有人喜歡他。5.a little = a bit of, 后接不可數(shù)名詞；

a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容詞，意為“有點(diǎn)兒”。20)關(guān)于like的用法

like 可以作動(dòng)詞，也可以作介詞。

1、like 作動(dòng)詞，表示一般性的“愛(ài)好、喜歡”，有泛指的含義。如： Do you like the color?你喜愛(ài)這種顏色嗎？ like 后可接不定式（like to do sth），也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing分詞（like doing sth），有時(shí)意思不盡相同。如：

She likes eating apples.她喜愛(ài)吃蘋果。（習(xí)慣）

She likes to eat an apple.她喜愛(ài)吃一粒蘋果。（平常不喜歡吃）like 與 would 連用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客氣的請(qǐng)求。如： Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶嗎？

“喜歡某人做某事”可以用結(jié)構(gòu)“l(fā)ike sb to do sth/doing sth”。如： They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他們都喜歡我唱英文歌。

2、like 作介詞，可譯成“像......”。如：

She is friendly to us like a mother.她對(duì)我們友好，就像母親一樣。It looks like an orange.它看起來(lái)像個(gè)桔子。

3、區(qū)分以下句子： A.What does he look like? B.What is he like? A句譯為“他長(zhǎng)相如何？”指一個(gè)人的外貌特征；而B(niǎo)句譯為“他人怎么樣？”指人的性格特點(diǎn)。C.The boy like Peter is over there.D.A boy like Peter can't do it.A句指外貌相似，而D句指性格相似。21)stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth 1.stop to do sth 意為“停下來(lái)去做某事”。如： The students stop to listen to their teacher.學(xué)生們停下來(lái)去聽(tīng)他們老師講話。2.stop doing sth 意為“停止做某事”。如：

The students stopped talking.學(xué)生們停止了談話。

與它們相反的句式是：go on to do sth “繼續(xù)做某事（與剛才一事不同）”和 go on doing sth “繼續(xù)做某事（與剛才同一件事）”。如：

He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.他完成了作業(yè)，接著繼續(xù)去念英語(yǔ)。

They went on playing games.他們繼續(xù)玩游戲。

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第二篇：初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow,next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。

be going to do（動(dòng)詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來(lái)的用法：

1.表示預(yù)見(jiàn)

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.2.表示意圖

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?

基本構(gòu)成如下：

一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成：

（1）will+主語(yǔ)+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

（2）there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句：Will there + be …?

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will./ No, there won't

否定句構(gòu)成：will + not（won't）+do

Sarah won't come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成：

特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋will＋主語(yǔ)＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?

根據(jù)例句，用will改寫下列各句

例：I don't feel well today.（be better tomorrow）

I'll be better tomorrow.1.Gina has six classes today.（have a lot of homework tonight）

_____________________________

2.I'm tired now.（sleep later）

_____________________________

3.My parents need a new car.（buy one soon）

_____________________________

4.We can't leave right now.（leave a little later）

_____________________________

5.The weather is awful today.（be better tomorrow）

_____________________________

答案：1.She'll have a lot of homework tonight.2.I'll sleep later.3.They'll buy one soon.4.We'll leave a little later.5.Maybe it'll be better tomorrow.

第三篇：初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

1)leave的用法

1.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地”。例如：

When did you leave Shanghai?

你什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)上海的？

2.“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動(dòng)身去某地”。例如：

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，愛(ài)麗斯要去倫敦了。

3.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地去某地”。例如：

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?

你為什么要離開(kāi)上海去北京？

2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should“應(yīng)該”學(xué)會(huì)使用

should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等，有“竟會(huì)”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？

Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什么來(lái)得這么晚？

should有時(shí)表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事，例如：

We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。

我們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。此時(shí)常指長(zhǎng)輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如：You should be here with clean hands.你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來(lái)。

2.用于提出意見(jiàn)勸導(dǎo)別人。例如：

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感覺(jué)不舒服，你最好去看醫(yī)生。

3.用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time.我們?cè)谕盹埱熬湍艿搅恕?/p>

She should be here any moment.她隨時(shí)都可能來(lái)。

3)What...? 與 Which...?

1.what 與 which 都是疑問(wèn)代詞，都可以指人或事物，但是what僅用來(lái)詢問(wèn)職業(yè)。如：What is your father? 你父親是干什么的？

該句相當(dāng)于：

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個(gè)人。如：

---Which is Peter? 哪個(gè)是皮特？

---The boy behind Mary.瑪麗背后的那個(gè)男孩。

2.What...?是泛指，所指的事物沒(méi)有范圍的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范圍的限制。如：

What color do you like best?（所有顏色）

你最喜愛(ài)什么顏色？

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?（有特定的范圍）

你最喜愛(ài)哪一種顏色？

3.what 與 which 后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如：

Which pictures are from China?

哪些圖片來(lái)自中國(guó)？

4)頻度副詞的位置

1.常見(jiàn)的頻度副詞有以下這些：

always（總是，一直）usually（通常）often（常常，經(jīng)常）sometimes（有時(shí)候）never（從不）

2.頻度副詞的位置：

a.放在連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。如：

David is often arrives late for school.大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。

b.放在行為動(dòng)詞前。如：

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天經(jīng)常在7：10去上學(xué)。

c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾，用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：

Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有時(shí)我步行回家，有時(shí)我騎自行車。

3.never放在句首時(shí)，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要倒裝。如：

Never have I been there.5)every day 與 everyday

1.every day 作狀語(yǔ)，譯為“每一天”。如：

We go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天7：10去上學(xué)。

I decide to read English every day.我決定每天讀英語(yǔ)。

2.everyday 作定語(yǔ)，譯為“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語(yǔ)。What's your everyday activity? 你的日?；顒?dòng)是什么？

6)什么是助動(dòng)詞

1.協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~（Main Verb）。

助動(dòng)詞自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，例如：

He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。

（doesn't是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義）

2.助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用，可以用來(lái)：

a.表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如：

He is singing.他在唱歌。

He has got married.他已結(jié)婚。

b.表示語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如：

He was sent to England.他被派往英國(guó)。

c.構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？

Did you study English before you came here?你來(lái)這兒之前學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)嗎？

d.與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句，例如：

I don't like him.我不喜歡他。

e.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。

He did know that.他的確知道那件事。

3.最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7)forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do

1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。(未做)

forget doing 忘記做過(guò)某事。(已做)

The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)

He forgot turning the light off.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。(已做過(guò)關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來(lái)。(to come動(dòng)作未做)

典型例題

----The light in the office is still on.----Oh，I forgot___.A.turning it off B.turn it off

C.to turn it off D.having turned it off

答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。

2.remember to do 記得去做某事(未做)

remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事(已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?

8)It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1.for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很難的。

2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me.你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。

3.for 與of 的辨別方法：

用介詞后面的代詞作主語(yǔ)，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語(yǔ)，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：

You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。

He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)

9)對(duì)兩個(gè)句子的提問(wèn)

新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)在命題中有將對(duì)句子劃線提問(wèn)這一題型取消的趨勢(shì)，現(xiàn)在采取的作法是對(duì)一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行自由提問(wèn)。例如：

句子：The boy in blue has three pens.提問(wèn)：1.Who has three pens?

2.Which boy has three pens?

3.What does the boy in blue have?

4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?

很顯然，學(xué)生多了更多的回答角度，也體現(xiàn)了考試的靈活性。再如：

句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.提問(wèn)：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10)so、such與不定冠詞的使用

1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”。如：He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+a/an+形容詞+名詞”。如：It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11)使用-ing分詞的幾種情況

1.在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如：

He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介詞后面。如：

Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball

第四篇：初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)（范文）

初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

一.知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)： 一般將來(lái)時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。

be going to do（動(dòng)詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來(lái)的用法：

1.表示預(yù)見(jiàn)

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.2.表示意圖

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow? 基本構(gòu)成如下： 一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成：

（1）will+主語(yǔ)+do?? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

（2）there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句：Will there + be ??

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will./ No, there won?t

否定句構(gòu)成：will + not（won’t）+do

Sarah won?t come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成：

特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋will＋主語(yǔ)＋?？What will Sarah do next Sunday?

根據(jù)例句，用will改寫下列各句

例：I don’t feel well today.（be better tomorrow）

I?ll be better tomorrow.1.Gina has six classes today.（have a lot of homework tonight）

_____________________________

2.I’m tired now.（sleep later）

_____________________________

3.My parents need a new car.（buy one soon）

_____________________________

4.We can’t leave right now.（leave a little later）

_____________________________

5.The weather is awful today.（be better tomorrow）

_____________________________ 答案：1.She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.2.I?ll sleep later.3.They?ll buy one soon.4.We?ll leave a little later.5.Maybe it?ll be better tomorrow.（二）should的用法：

should用來(lái)提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not.例如：I think you should eat less junk food.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。

She drives a lot and she seldom walks.So I think she should walk a lot.她經(jīng)常開(kāi)車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。

Students shouldn?t spend too much time playing computer games.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。

學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式：

（1）I think you should?

（2）Well, you could?

（3）Maybe you should ?

（4）Why don’t you??

（5）What about doing sth.?

（6）You’d better do sth.用should或shouldn’t填空

1.I can?t sleep the night before exams.You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.2.Good friends ______ argue each other.3.There is little milk in the glass.We _______ buy some.4.They didn?t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.5.I am a little bit overweight.So I think I _______ do exercises every day.答案：1.should 2.shouldn’t 3.should 4.should 5.should

（三）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

1.構(gòu)成

was /were + doing，例如：

I was watching TV at 9 o?clock last night.at 9 o’clock last night是時(shí)間點(diǎn)

They were playing football all afternoon.all afternoon是時(shí)間段

2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞

at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：

I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯。

At that time she was writing a book.那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段時(shí)間里一直在做那件事情。）用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.2.At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.3.When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.4.She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.5.I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.答案：1.was reading 2.were having 3.came;was reading

4.was playing;was cooking 5.was having;called

（四）間接引語(yǔ) 形成步驟：

（1）不要逗號(hào)，冒號(hào)，引號(hào)

（2）要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語(yǔ)是一致的）

（3）要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化

（4）要考慮時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)示代詞的變化。

1.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

2.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律 直接引語(yǔ)

1.am / is 2.are

3.have / has 4.will 5.can 6.may 間接引語(yǔ) 1.was 2.were

3.had 4.would 5.could 6.might 用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.She said I _____（be）hard-working.2.Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.3.She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.4.Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.5.Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.答案：1.was 2.was 3.went 4.might 5.was reading

請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)述他人說(shuō)的話：

1.I go to the beach every Saturday.（Tom）

2.I can speak three languages.（Lucy）

3.I will call you tomorrow.（Mike）

4.I’m having a surprise party for Lana.（she）

（五）if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句

結(jié)構(gòu)：if＋一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)＋將來(lái)時(shí) 含義：如果??，將要??

例如：If you ask him, he will help you.如果你請(qǐng)求他，他會(huì)幫助你。

If need be, we?ll work all night.如果需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵。

根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。

1.如果你參加聚會(huì)，你將會(huì)過(guò)得很開(kāi)心。

If you ________ the party, you __________.2.如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。

If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.3.如果你經(jīng)常聽(tīng)英文歌，你將會(huì)喜歡英語(yǔ)的。

If you often ________, you _________________.答案：

1.If you go to the party, you will have a good time

2.If it rains tomorrow, we won?t go to the picnic

3.If you often listen to English songs, you?ll like English

二.完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路

（一）題型分類與特點(diǎn)

完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個(gè)詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語(yǔ)填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測(cè)試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語(yǔ)的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語(yǔ)義適用和語(yǔ)法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。

1.完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中若干詞語(yǔ)抽掉留下空格，對(duì)每一空格提供若干個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語(yǔ)法等語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，從所提供的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語(yǔ)教材難易程度相當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在150－200個(gè)單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置10個(gè)左右空格，所設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語(yǔ)法及對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個(gè)語(yǔ)境，對(duì)每一空格設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來(lái)一定的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯的能力及對(duì)短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。

2.選詞填空題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時(shí)還增加幾個(gè)文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。（A）

Jack wanted to ask for two days off，he had only learnt the phrase（短語(yǔ)）“have a day off”.He , then he had an idea.“Grandmother is ill.May I have a day off, ? ”he asked the teacher.“Of course, you can.”replied（答復(fù)）the teacher at once.After a while, the boy came to

at the teacher?s door.“May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn?t you

it just now? ”“Yes, sir.But I can?t be here , either.”The teacher understood him and could not help.Then he said with a smile, “Why didn?t you say?May I have two days off? ?”The boy answered quickly

a loud voice.“But you only

us?have a day off!?”（）1.A.but

B.and

C.or

D.for（）2.A.thought hardly

B.thought hard and hard

C.hard thought

D.thought and thought（）3.A.Miss B.sir

C.teacher D.Mr（）4.A.strike B.best

C.hit

D.knock（）5.A.also B.again

C.too

D.once（）6.A.speak B.tell

C.say

D.do（）7.A.tomorrow

B.the day after tomorrow

C.yesterday

D.the day before yesterday

（）8.A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughed D.laughing（）9.A.with B.on

C.in

D.by（）10.A.teach B.taught

C.are teaching D.were teaching

（B）

請(qǐng)根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個(gè)單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?0個(gè)填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。

than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what

A generation gap（代溝）has become a serious problem.I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper.Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels（爭(zhēng)吵）with parents.I think this is _______（3）they don’t have a good talk with each other.Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office._______（5）they don’t have much time to stay with their children.As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don’t have the same topics（話題）to talk about.I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them.And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents.They are the people who _______（9）you.So tell them your thoughts（想法）.In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other.完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是：

1.跳過(guò)空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過(guò)空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上才開(kāi)始判定選擇，切忌倉(cāng)促下筆。

2.結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容，注意從上、下文的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語(yǔ)搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再?gòu)姆治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)入手，根據(jù)短文意思、語(yǔ)法規(guī)則、詞語(yǔ)固定搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對(duì)備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。

3.瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個(gè)擊破。動(dòng)筆時(shí)要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對(duì)比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過(guò)這一空格，繼續(xù)往下做，最后回過(guò)頭來(lái)再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時(shí)可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著對(duì)短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。

4.復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。完成各道題選擇后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)查?？此x定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤答案或有疑問(wèn)的，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。完形填空試題的一般解題思路是：

1.跳過(guò)空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時(shí)先跳過(guò)空格，通讀完形填空的短文，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，推測(cè)全文主題及大意。

2.復(fù)讀短文、確定語(yǔ)義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)，先確定空格處所需詞語(yǔ)的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。

3.三讀短文、上下參照、驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個(gè)詞后，將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無(wú)誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證，凡有疑問(wèn)必須重新推敲考慮。

（三）課文閱讀指導(dǎo)

1.初中閱讀

閱讀理解能力

（1）理解主旨要義

（2）理解文中具體信息

（3）根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的意義

（4）做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷的推理

（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

（6）理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度

2.培養(yǎng)良好閱讀習(xí)慣

（1）擴(kuò)大視距

（2）克服聲讀

（3）克服逐字讀

3.猜測(cè)詞文

（1）通過(guò)標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)

（2）文章的標(biāo)題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義，因此通過(guò)文章標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，以便正確理解。

（3）通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)

（4）語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)換詞也包括其他關(guān)鍵詞。

（5）利用背景知識(shí)預(yù)測(cè)

（6）利用圖片進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)

【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：80分鐘）一.選擇填空。

（）1.Beijing won the chances _________ the 2008 Olympics.A.to host

B.host

C.hosting D.hosted（）2.Tiger Woods can make billions ______ dollars a year.A.for B.with C.of D.on（）3.－You looked so beautiful at the party.－_______.A.No, I don?t think so

B.Of course

C.Thank you very much

D.No, I?m not beautiful

（）4.The text is very easy for you.There are ______ new words in it.A.a few B.a little C.few D.little（）5.In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book.A.that B.what C.how D.if（）6.－In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.－I don’t agree.Speaking is _______ reading.A.as important as B.so important as

C.the more important D.the most important（）7.If he ________ harder, he’ll catch up with us.A.work B.works C.worked D.will work（）8.The manager ________ that the business would be worse after the stock（股票）went down.A.talked B.told C.said D.spoke（）9.We should keep _________ in the reading-room.A.quiet B.quietly C.quite D.quickly（）10.－I think everything goes on well.－_______.A.So I do B.I do so C.So do I

D.So is I

（）11.If you want to watch TV, you may turn _______.A.down B.it on C.on it D.it off

（）12.I’m sorry I haven’t got any money.I’ve ________ my handbag at home.A.missed B.left C.put D.forgotten（）13.He is listening to the music _______ she is washing clothes.A.after B.before C.that D.while（）14.It takes ________ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.A.more B.fewer C.longer D.less（）15.－Excuse me.Have you got an eraser?

－Sorry, I haven’t.Why _______ you ask Mary? Perhaps she’s got one.A.do B.don?t C.did D.didn?t

二.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z(yǔ)。

_____1.What were you doing when the UFO landed?

A.Your teacher won?t let you in._____2.Will people use paper

B.He said I couldn?t stay out late.money in the future?

_____3.I can?t sleep, what should I do?

C.I was doing my homework._____4.If I wear jeans to school，D.No, they won?t.Everyone

what will happen?

will have a credit card._____5.What did your father say?

E.You should listen to some

relaxing music.三.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空：

1.不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點(diǎn)建議嗎？

I don?t know __________ to do, can you give me some _______?

2.外星人正在買紀(jì)念品的時(shí)候，我給警察打了個(gè)電話。

While the alien was _______ a souvenir, I ________ the police.3.我放學(xué)回家的路上，看見(jiàn)一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來(lái)。

On my way home from school, I saw a cat get ________ _______ a window.4.我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。

I don?t want to talk _________ it with you _________ the phone.5.我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個(gè)驚喜的晚會(huì)。

We are going to have a _______ party for John ________ Friday evening.四.完形填空：

把下面五個(gè)句子放在文章中的恰當(dāng)位置，使文章完整。

Three men went up in a balloon（氣球）.They started early in London.The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio.Soon they heard the sea.They were carrying the usual rope（繩子）, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon.At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box.This could hold water, or it could be empty.So.It was for use over the sea.They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher.It went up to 3,000 metres, and.The water in the balloon became ice.Snow fell past the men?s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground., but it was hard.They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy.The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand.One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket.It was still snowing;so.They rose to 5,100 metres!Everything became icy.They were so cold that they decided to land.They came down in Poland heavily but safely.They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London!A.The men tried to throw out some more sand

B.they were able to change its weight（重量）

C.They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.D.they climbed to get away from the snow E.the air there was very cold

五.閱讀理解（A）

Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend

Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge.He was thinking a oblem.While he was waiting, it began to rain.The rain kept on for some time.When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining.His clothes had become wet.But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.Many scientists are not careful with their lives.This is because they are too careful with their studies.1.What did Einstein do? He was ______.A.a doctor B.a teacher C.a scientist

2.Why was Einstein on a bridge.A.Because he was writing something on the bridge.B.Because he was waiting for a friend.C.Because he was thinking.3.It rained _________.A.sometimes B.for some time C.for a long time

4.Einstein ________ and began to write something on it.A.bought a piece of paper.B.took a piece of paper from his car.C.took out a piece of paper from his pocket.5.Which is true?

A.Einstein was careful with his work.B.Einstein was careful with his clothes.C.Einstein was careful with his friends.（B）

生活中總會(huì)有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請(qǐng)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)1－5小題所描述的救護(hù)方法，從A-G七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)的圖畫（本題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多選不給分。）

1.If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once.The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way.Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.2.If the person is bleeding（流血）badly, you must try to stop the bleeding.Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.3.If you are bitten（cut by teeth）by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water.Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth.Then see a doctor as soon as possible.4.If you are burnt（hurt by fire or something very hot）, cool the burnt part at once.Run cool（not cold）water over the burn until it is less painful.Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part.5.If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because it?s very dangerous.The lift may get trapped between floors.Use the stairs and leave the building at once.1._____2._____3._____4._____5._____ Here are some pictures to choose.六.寫作：

（從下列2封來(lái)信中選擇一封寫回信。）Dear friend，There will be a party this weekend.All my friends are invited to the party except me.I am angry.And I don?t know why they didn?t invite me!What do you think? Can you help me? Upset

Dear friend，I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too bad.Yesterday I had an English test and my grade was just so so.I want to improve my English.What should I do? Could you give me some advice? Looking for help

Dear _______，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.【試題答案】

（A）1.A 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B

6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.B（B）1.report 2.themselves 3.because

4.much / more 5.So 6.that 7.tell

8.to 9.love 10.understanding 參考練習(xí)答案：

一.1.A 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.D

6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C

11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B 二.1.C 2.D 3.E 4.A 5.B 三.1.what, advice 2.buying, called

3.out, of 4.about, on 5.surprise, on 四.1.C 2.B 3.E 4.D 5.A 五.（A）1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A（B）1.C 2.B 3.F 4.G 5.E

第五篇：初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)及關(guān)鍵詞: 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+ 其他

否定句 主語(yǔ)+be not +其他

疑問(wèn)句 Be+主語(yǔ)+其他

或: 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要加“s”)

否定句 主語(yǔ)+don't+動(dòng)詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)don't改為doesn't)

疑問(wèn)句 DO+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)do改為doess)

關(guān)鍵詞: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday

afternoon, at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等.注:在時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)從句,條件壯語(yǔ)從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí),這時(shí)一般從 句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句用將來(lái)時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他

否定句 主語(yǔ)+be not+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他

疑問(wèn)句 Be +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:now, right now, at the moment, It's+幾點(diǎn)鐘等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示語(yǔ).一般將來(lái)時(shí):

句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+will+動(dòng)詞原型+其他

否定句 主語(yǔ)+will not +動(dòng)詞原型+其他

疑問(wèn)句 Will +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他

(will 可改為be going to ,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)will可用shall)關(guān)鍵詞:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year，at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days' time, in the future 等.一般過(guò)去時(shí):

句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)+其他

否定句 主語(yǔ)+be not+其他

疑問(wèn)句 Be+主語(yǔ)+其他

或: 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其他

否定句 主語(yǔ)+did not+動(dòng)詞原型+其他

疑問(wèn)句 Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他

關(guān)鍵詞:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term, 一段時(shí)間+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the 1980s等.Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):

句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他

否定句 主語(yǔ)+was/were not +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他

疑問(wèn)句 Was/Were + 主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他

關(guān)鍵詞:具體時(shí)間+過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ) 如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at

this time last Sunday等.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)用has)

否定句 主語(yǔ)+have/has not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他

疑問(wèn)句 Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他

關(guān)鍵詞:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段時(shí)間,since+過(guò)去的

時(shí)間或過(guò)去時(shí)從句.或this year alone“今年以來(lái)”,these five years alone“這五年

以來(lái)”,in the last ten years “在過(guò)去的十年中”等.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+ would+ 動(dòng)詞原型+其他

否定句 主語(yǔ)+ would not + 動(dòng)詞原型+ 其他

疑問(wèn)句 Would+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+其他

(would可改為was/were going to ,主語(yǔ)第一人稱時(shí)would可用should)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主要用在賓語(yǔ)從句中.過(guò)去完成時(shí):

句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他

否定句 主語(yǔ)+had not +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他

疑問(wèn)句 Had+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他

關(guān)鍵詞:by+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn) 如:by last year, by the end of+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn) 如:

by the end of last year, before+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn),by the time +從句,或賓語(yǔ)從 句中最后,請(qǐng)記住:

It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, I'm sure it will be all right.這不是世界末日,試著往事情好的方面看,我確認(rèn)一切都會(huì)好起來(lái).英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。初中階段的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有五種時(shí)態(tài)，我們可以從以下方面進(jìn)行小結(jié)：

一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)（以動(dòng)詞do為例）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + be + 過(guò)去分詞

時(shí)態(tài)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am(is, are)done.2.帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：must(can, may, should, need, would)be done 3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was(were)done * 4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)： will(shall)be done * 5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am(is, are)being done 6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have(has)been done

二、從初中階段所學(xué)五種基本句型談變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題。1．主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)(S+V+P)此結(jié)構(gòu)不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(正)The flowers smell sweet.(誤)The flowers are smelt sweet.2．主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)此結(jié)構(gòu)不可變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

(正)An accident happened last night.(誤)An accident was happened last night.3．主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)(S + V+ O)（1）將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ) Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children.（2）將含有介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不可將介詞或副詞去掉。

We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.4．主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)(S + V+ IO+ DO)（1）.將表人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。He showed us a picture.We were shown a picture.（2）.將指物的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to或for.常用加to的動(dòng)詞give, show, pass, read等 常用加for的動(dòng)詞 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等 A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.5． 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S+ V+ O + C)如動(dòng)詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為不帶“to”不定式時(shí)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上“to”。I saw him fall off the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.6.“be + 過(guò)去分詞” 并非都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，系動(dòng)詞 be, feel, seem,look,等詞后面的過(guò)去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語(yǔ)用，表示某種狀態(tài)。

I'm interested in mathematics.我對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。

*7.某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義。The woman's clothes sell well.女裝賣的快。This book sells best.這本書很暢銷.英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全下載

1、所有格：He is Fred's best friend.（-'s）

2、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)：Alfredo works.（-s）

3、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：Fred worked.（-ed），但亦有不規(guī)則變化。

4、現(xiàn)在分詞／進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：Fred is working.（-ing）（［注］如果動(dòng)詞的末音節(jié)為輔音結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)，則須雙寫末輔音，如running）

5、過(guò)去分詞：The car was stolen.（-en）；Fred has talked to the police.（-ed），但亦有不規(guī)則變化。

6、動(dòng)名詞：Working is good for the soul.（-ing）

7、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：Fred has two blue eyes.（-s）（［注］如果動(dòng)詞的尾字是s,sh,x,ch，則需加-es，如dishes）

8、形容詞的比較級(jí)：Fred is smarter than Rick.（-er）形容詞末尾加-er，多音節(jié)在前面”加more，如“more difficult”。

9、形容詞的最高級(jí)：Fred has the fastest car.（-est）形容詞末尾加-est，多音節(jié)詞在前面加most，如“the most difficult”。

英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)序?yàn)镾VO，且基本上不能任意變換語(yǔ)序，除了在少數(shù)詩(shī)詞以外；另一方面，有時(shí)英語(yǔ)會(huì)使用OSV的語(yǔ)序。（注：S：Subject［主語(yǔ)］；V：Verbal phrase［謂語(yǔ)］；O：Object［賓語(yǔ)］）

英語(yǔ)中所有的詞可分成十大類，每一類詞在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。這十大詞類是：

一、名 詞：表示人或事物的名稱的詞。

二、形容詞：表示人或事物的特征的詞。

三、副 詞：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的詞。

四、代 詞：是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。

五、數(shù) 詞：表示數(shù)量和順序的詞。

六、動(dòng) 詞：表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞。

七、冠 詞：與名詞連用，其說(shuō)明人或事物的作用。

八、介 詞：通常置于名詞和代詞之前，表示名詞和代詞與其他詞的關(guān)系。

九、連 詞：連接詞與詞、短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)、句子與句子的詞。

十、感嘆詞：表示說(shuō)話人感情或語(yǔ)氣的詞。

英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)

英語(yǔ)共有十六個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)、四個(gè)體。（注：四個(gè)體為——一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行。）

英語(yǔ)中的四個(gè)體相當(dāng)于法語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)以及所有印歐語(yǔ)系羅曼語(yǔ)族中的式，如：直陳式，命令式等。

（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

基本形式（以do為例）：

第三人稱單數(shù)：does（主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱單數(shù)）；

肯定句：主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他；

否定句：主語(yǔ)＋don?t＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他；

一般疑問(wèn)句：Do＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他。

肯定回答：Yes，＋ 主語(yǔ)＋do．

否定回答：No，＋主語(yǔ)＋don't.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序（2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)

be動(dòng)詞＋行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式

was／were＋not；在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn?t，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞

was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞

（3）一般將來(lái)時(shí)

am／are／is＋going to＋do

will／shall＋do

am/is/are/about to + do

am/is/are to + do

一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方法

be going to +動(dòng)詞原形

be +不定式,be to+動(dòng)詞原形,be about to ＋動(dòng)詞原形

be able to +不定式

be about to+動(dòng)詞原形

(4)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

be（was，were）going to+動(dòng)詞原形

be（was，were）about to+動(dòng)詞原形

be（was，were）to+動(dòng)詞原形

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be（was，were）going to+動(dòng)詞原形～.否定句：主語(yǔ)+be（was，were）not going to+動(dòng)詞原形～.疑問(wèn)句：Be（Was，Were）+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形～？

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+would（should）+動(dòng)詞原形～.否定句：主語(yǔ)+would（should）not+動(dòng)詞原形～.疑問(wèn)句：Would（Should）+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形～？

(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

主語(yǔ)+be+動(dòng)詞ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式

第一人稱+am+doing+sth

第二人稱+are+doing +sth

第三人稱+is+doing+sth(6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing+其它

否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing+其它

一般疑問(wèn)句及答語(yǔ)：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它 答語(yǔ)：Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它

(7)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

動(dòng)詞be的將來(lái)時(shí)+現(xiàn)在分詞

(8)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

should(would)+be+現(xiàn)在分詞

(9)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done)

①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他

②否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他

③一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他

④特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句（have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他

(10)過(guò)去完成時(shí)

基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞(done)

①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他

②否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他

③一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他

肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had

否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hadn't

④特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句（had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他）

語(yǔ)法判定:

（1）by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.（2）by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：

We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（3）before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.(11)將來(lái)完成時(shí)

（shall）will+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞

before+將來(lái)時(shí)間或by+將來(lái)時(shí)間

before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句

(12)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)

should / would have done sth.(13)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

have/has been +-ing 分詞

(14)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

had been +-ing 分詞

(15)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

主語(yǔ)+ shall/will have been doing(16)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

should+have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于第一人稱 would have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于其他人稱