第一篇：第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)張順興教授總結(jié)的醫(yī)學(xué)英語前后綴

第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)張順興教授總結(jié)的醫(yī)學(xué)英語前后綴

醫(yī)學(xué)英語中單詞頗多,但醫(yī)學(xué)英語的學(xué)習(xí)有個技巧就是學(xué)習(xí)前后綴,不過醫(yī)學(xué)英語中的前后綴也說實話也有很多的.可還是有一些前后綴是最常用的,掌握了他們你其實可以猜出大部分的醫(yī)學(xué)英語單詞的意思.下面小輩列出這些最常用的供參考.1．人體主要器官前綴

名稱 通用名 前（后）綴 常用形容詞 示例

心 heart cardiao-cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology 腦 brain encepholo-cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology 肺 lung pulmo-pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology 肝 liver hepato-hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology 胃 stomach gastro-gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology 膽 gallbladder chole-biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy 腸 intestine entero-intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology 脾 spleen splen-splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology 胰 pancreas pancreato-pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy 腎 kidney nephro-renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology 2．與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關(guān)的前（后）綴 名稱 通用名 前（后）綴 示例

血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma 血管 vessel vaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular 靜脈 vein veno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction 動脈 artery arterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis 肌 muscle myo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis 髓 marrow myel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma 神經(jīng) nerve neur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron 細(xì)胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte 尿 urine uro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital 體 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome 3．與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前綴 數(shù)字 前綴 示例

一（單）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional 二 bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide 三 tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve 四 tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia 五 penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride 六 hexa-hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund 七 hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent 八 octa-octahedral/octal system 九 nona-nonapeptide/nonagon 十 deca-decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位數(shù)的表示一般為：個位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）

4．顏色及與顏色有關(guān)的前綴 顏色 通用名 前綴 示例

色 color chrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer 紅 red erythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer 白 white leuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira 黑 black melano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma 黃 yellow xantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma 藍(lán) blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia 紫 violet/purple 綠 green 棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring 橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G 粉紅 pink oink frothy sputum 緋紅 crimson 青銅 bronzed bronzed diabetes 注：有些病名的“藍(lán)”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.5．與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(1)含義 前（后）綴 形容詞 示例

病 patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis /-pathy-pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy 病態(tài)-osis-otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis 增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis 減少-penia-penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia 無 a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia 小/微-let droplet/platelet/leaflet micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus 大/巨 macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly 復(fù)合/多 poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia 全/泛 pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic 6．與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(2)含義 前（后）綴 示例

相反 dis-disease/disorder/disability 困難/障礙 dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea 不良 mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice 炎癥-it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis 瘤/塊-oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血癥-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia 痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer 麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia 流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea 壞死-necrosis necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia 結(jié)石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes 7．與方位有關(guān)的前綴 含義 通用詞 前綴 示例

上 upper/superior pi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal 下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous 前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis /pre-

后 back/posterior post-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac 內(nèi) inner/internal in-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial 外 outer/external ex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial 間 between inter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse 旁/副 on the side of para-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal 周 around peri-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum 中心 central centri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus /centro-反/對 opposite counter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication 注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活體內(nèi);in vitro/in vaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；in situ/in’saitju:/原位 8．與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)的前（后）綴 含義 前（后）綴 示例

切除-ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy 切開-tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy 切（割）-tome tracheotome/thoracotome 吻合-stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy 成形術(shù)-plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty 整（矯）形 ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy 造影-graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography 經(jīng)… trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral 注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心電圖檢查術(shù)；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機(jī)；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。9．與化學(xué)品有關(guān)的前（后）綴 含義 前（后）綴 示例 酸鹽 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate 醇-ol alcohol/propanol/taxol 醛-al retinal/methylal/propanal 酮-one acetone/progesterone/ketone

糖 glyco-glycogenolysis saccharo-saccharomyces-saccharide polysaccharide 酶-ase reductase/transminase/kinase 素-in penicillin/heparin/nuclein 原-gen allogen/antigen/glycogen 苯基/酚 phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin 氨基 amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine 10．與“作用”有關(guān)的前（后）綴 含義 前（后）綴 示例

殺-cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal 抑-stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic 驅(qū)逐-fuge febrifuge/centrifuge 抗-anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen 去/脫/除 de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization 回/再/復(fù) re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant 冷凍 cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant 否/去/分離 dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection 向后/退行 retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac