第一篇：2010級(jí)電子信息專業(yè)英語卷子

一．FPGA：現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列

ASSP: 專用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器件

VHDL: 極高速集成電路硬件描述語言

ADSL: 非對(duì)稱數(shù)字用戶環(huán)線

DMM: 數(shù)字萬用表

AFG: 任意函數(shù)發(fā)生器

RTOS: 實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)

WLAN: 無線局域網(wǎng)

MPEG: 運(yùn)動(dòng)圖象專家組

DCT: 離散余弦變換

二.定制類：Custom Class

采樣保持電路：Sample and hold circuit

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)：Intellectual Property

集成開發(fā)工具：Integrated development tool

機(jī)頂盒：STB(Set Top Box)

功率耗散：Power dissipation

半導(dǎo)體制造商：Foundry

直接序列擴(kuò)頻: Direct sequence spread spectrum

量化步長：Quantifying step size

向下（后）兼容：Backward compatible

二．1.An operating system vendor that takes the real-time behavior product seriously will usually

publish a datasheet providing the minim average and maximum number of clock cycles required by each system.如果操作系統(tǒng)提供商能夠認(rèn)真看待其產(chǎn)品的實(shí)時(shí)性能的話，那么它一般會(huì)通過數(shù)據(jù)手冊公布每個(gè)系統(tǒng)調(diào)用所需時(shí)鐘周期數(shù)的最小值，平均值和最大值。

三．1.因?yàn)槠潇`活性，F(xiàn)PGA廣泛用于ASIC仿真、互聯(lián)邏輯集成，或者用作那些功能繁多、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不斷變化的應(yīng)用的解決方案。

Known for their flexibility, FPGAs were widely used for ASIC emulation, glue-logic consolidation, or as a solution for applications with volatility and changing standards.2.片上系統(tǒng)是數(shù)字化應(yīng)用及微電子技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，是下一代基于數(shù)字信號(hào)處理產(chǎn)品的主要發(fā)展方向之一。它把一種應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)集成在一個(gè)芯片上。通常，為滿足系統(tǒng)的性能要求和提高功率效率，會(huì)把數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器和微控制單元的多處理器處理平臺(tái)集成在一起。SOC(System on Chip)is the product of digital application and the rapid development of microelectronics technology, and it is one of the main development directions of next-generation DSP-based products.It integrates an application system on a single chip.In general, in order to meet the system performance requirements and improve power efficiency, DSP and MCU will be integrated to multi-processor platforms.3.“專用集成電路”不是微處理器這樣的通用芯片，而是一種為特殊用途設(shè)計(jì)的定制芯片。和通用CPU相比，使用專用集成電路可以提高性能。因?yàn)閷Ｓ眉呻娐肥鞘褂糜策B線完勝距離工作的，并不需要為取指令和解釋指令付出開銷。

An ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)is a chip that is custom designed for a specific application rather than a general-purpose chip such as a microprocessor.The use of ASICs improves performance over general-purpose CPUs.Because ASIC are “hardwired” to do a specific job and do not incur the overhead of fetching and interpreting stored instructions.

第二篇：電子信息專業(yè)英語要點(diǎn)總結(jié)

重點(diǎn)詞匯

1.TDM——Time Division Multiplexing 時(shí)分復(fù)用

FDM CDM 2.PCM——Pulse Code Modulation 脈沖編碼調(diào)制

3.PCI——Peripheral Component Interconnect 周邊元件連接口 4.IDE——Integrated Drive Electronics 集成驅(qū)動(dòng)器電路 5.AGP——Accelerated Graphic Port 加速圖形接口 6.USB——Universal Serial Bus通用串行接口

7.HDL——Hardware Description Language 硬件描述語言 8.PLD——Programmable Logic Device 可編程邏輯器件 9.FPGA——Field Programmable Gate Array 現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列 10.ASIC——Application—Specific Integrated Circuit專用集成電路 11.DSP——Digital Signal Processor 數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器 12.SoC——System-on-Chip 片上系統(tǒng) 13.Learnning curve 學(xué)習(xí)曲線

14.IEEE——Institute of Electrical and Electrics Engineers 電氣與電子工程師學(xué)會(huì)

15.sample and hold circuit 采樣與保持電路 16.price/performance ratio 性能價(jià)格比 17.harvard architecture 哈佛結(jié)構(gòu) 18.looping scheme 循環(huán)機(jī)制

19.FFT——Fast Fourier transform 快速傅里葉變換 20.PCB——Printed Circuit Board 印刷電路板 21.SPS——Sample Per Second 每秒樣本數(shù) 22.block diagram 方框圖 23.Dolby Stereo 杜比立體聲 24.transmission bandwidth 傳輸帶寬 25.signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比 漢譯英句子

1.“信道”這個(gè)術(shù)語通常是指頻分多址系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)頻率，時(shí)分多址系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)時(shí)隙，碼分多址系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)代碼或混合系統(tǒng)中的頻率，時(shí)隙，代碼中的某中組合。

The generic term channel is normally used to denote a frequency in FDMA system,a time slot in TDMA system,and a code in CDMA system or a combination of these in a mixed system.2.第三代系統(tǒng)的目的在于為用戶提供一個(gè)支持語音，數(shù)據(jù)，多媒體和視頻服務(wù)的無隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而不論用戶在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的什么位置。

The third-generation systems aim to provide a seamless network that can provide users voice,data，multimedia,and video services regardless of their location on the network.3.邏輯綜合是將電子線路的高級(jí)描述轉(zhuǎn)換為一張邏輯門極其互連列表(即“網(wǎng)表”)的過程。邏輯綜合程序都能理解Verilog和VHDL的某個(gè)子集。

Logic synthesis is the conversion of a high-level electronic circuit description into a list of logic gates and their interconnections,called the “netlis”.Every logic synthesis program understands some subset of Verilog and VHDL.4.“復(fù)雜可編程邏輯器件”是一種在邏輯模塊之間具有可編程互連的可編程邏輯器件。多數(shù)復(fù)雜可編程邏輯器件是基于電可擦寫可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器和閃存的。

CPLD(Complex PLD)is a programmable logic device that includes a reprogrammable interconnect between the logic blocks.CPLDs are mostly EEPROM and flash based.1

5.數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器(DSP)是無數(shù)家用和商用系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部分，其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域與日俱增。因此，DSP正在成為技術(shù)專家和工程師專業(yè)知識(shí)的重要組成部分之一。

Digital signal processing is an essential element of countless home and business systems.Its domain can only increase as time proceeds.Thus, DSP is becoming an essential area of expertise for technologists and engineers.6.信號(hào)(如聲音，光和電壓)是攜帶信息的變化。模擬信號(hào)是現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的信號(hào)。模擬信號(hào)在每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上都有定義，其幅度的取值是無限的。

Signals ,like sound,light,or voltage,are information-bearing variations.Analog signals are real-world signals.They are defined at every point in time and may take an infinite number of possible amplitudes.英譯漢句子

1.Using better compression algorithms, it is possible to get the speech down to 4kbps , in which case six users can be stuffed into a frame, as illustrated in Figure 11.(b).From the operator's perspective , being able to squeeze three to six times as many D-AMPS user is a huge win and explains much of the popularity of PCS.如果使用更好的壓縮算法，還可以把語音數(shù)據(jù)率降至4kbps；這樣的話，一幀就可以容納6位用戶了。在運(yùn)營商看來，“3—6位D—AMPS用戶只需占用相當(dāng)于1位AMPS用戶所需的帶寬”是巨大的成功，而且在很大程度上解釋了“個(gè)人通信業(yè)務(wù)”（PCS,Personal Communication Service）普及的原因。

2.CDMA is completely different from AMPS ,D-AMPS, and GSM.Instead of dividing the allowed frequency range into a few hundred narrow channels, CDMA allows each station to transmit over the entire frequency spectrum all the time.Multiple simultaneous transmissions are separated using coding theory.CDMA also relaxes the assumption that colliding frames are totally garbled.Instead , it assumes that multiple signals add linearly.CDMA和AMPS、D—AMPS及GSM完全不同。CDMA沒有將可用頻帶分割為幾百個(gè)窄帶信道，而是允許信號(hào)在整個(gè)頻譜范圍內(nèi)傳送。利用編碼原理，CDMA可以將多個(gè)同時(shí)傳送的信號(hào)分離開來。在CDMA中，“相遇數(shù)據(jù)幀會(huì)造成數(shù)據(jù)混淆”的想法不存在了——CDMA認(rèn)為多路信號(hào)之間是線性相加的。3.Motherboard-This is the main circuit board that all of the other internal components connect to.The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard.Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard or connected to it through a secondary connection.For example , a sound card can be built into the motherboard or connected through PCI.主板：所有其他內(nèi)部組件都和主板連接。通常，CPU和內(nèi)部都位于主板上。其他組件可能直接位于主板上，也可能通過某種方式連接到主板上。例如，聲卡可以置于主板上，也可以通過PCI總線連接到主板上。

4.In practical terms , this means that one or two layers of metal interconnect must be designed.Since an integrated circuit requires seven or more processing stages , all the processing steps other than the final metalization can be completed in advance.Because the uncommitted gate arrays can be produced in volume ,the cost of each device is relatively small.從實(shí)現(xiàn)角度看，就是要設(shè)計(jì)一層或兩層的金屬互連線。集成電路的制造流程分為七個(gè)步驟（或更多），除去最后一步“金屬化”(metallization)之外，其他步驟都可以提前完成。由于門陣列可以大量生產(chǎn)，所以單個(gè)器件成本就比較低。

5.Physical layer communications : FPGAs have long used to implement the glue logic that interfaces between physical layer communication chips and high-level networking protocol layers.The fact that today's high-end FPGAs can contain multiple high-speed transceivers means that communications and networking functions can be consolidated into a single device.物理層通信：長久以來，F(xiàn)PGA用于實(shí)現(xiàn)通信芯片和高級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議之間的“膠連”邏輯。實(shí)際上，今 2

天的高端FPGA可以容納多個(gè)高速無線收發(fā)器——即可將通信和網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能固化于單個(gè)器件中。

6.One of the most important applications of VHDL is to capture the performance specification for a circuit , in the form of what is commonly referred to as a test bench.Test benches are VHDL descriptions of circuit stimuli and corresponding expected outputs that verify the behavior of a circuit over time.Test benches should be an integral part of any VHDL project and should be created in tandem with other descriptions of the circuit.VHDL最重要的應(yīng)用之一是以所謂“測試平臺(tái)”（test bench）的形式記錄電路的性能指標(biāo)。“測試平臺(tái)”是驗(yàn)證電路時(shí)域行為的激勵(lì)源及相應(yīng)期望輸出的VHDL描述。在VHDL工程項(xiàng)目中，“測試平臺(tái)”是必不可少的，應(yīng)該和其他電路描述一同創(chuàng)建。

7.A digital signal is a numerical representation of the analog signal.It may be easier and cost effective to process these signals in the digital world.In the real world ,we can convert these signals into digital signals through the analog-to-digital converter ,process the signals,and if needed ,bring the signals back out to the analog world through the digital-to-analog converter.數(shù)字信號(hào)是模擬信號(hào)的數(shù)值表示。在數(shù)字世界里，對(duì)這些信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理可能會(huì)更容易、成本更低。在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中我們可以通過“模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換”將信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字信號(hào)，然后對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理；如果需要的話，用“數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器”將信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換回到模擬世界中去。

8.Keep in mind that the distinction between DSPs and other microprocessors is not always a clear line.For instance ,look at how Intel describes the MMX technology addition to its Pentium processor : “Intel engineers have added 57 powerful new instructions specifically designed to manipulate and process video，audio and graphical data efficiently.These instructions are oriented to the highly parallel , repetitive sequences often found in multimedia operations.”

別忘了:DSPs和其他微處理器的界限并不是很清晰。例如，讓我們看一看inte是如何描述其奔騰處理器新增的MMX技術(shù)的：“為了高效操作和處理視頻、音頻和圖形數(shù)據(jù)，intel工程師新增了57條功能強(qiáng)大的指令。這些指令面向的是多媒體操作中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的、高度并行和重復(fù)的程序?！?/p>

9.In practical application , these are certainly many other factors to consider when evaluating analog versus digital filters ,or analog versus digital signal processing in general.Most modern signal processing systems use a combination of analog and digital techniques in order to accomplish the desired function and take advantage of the best of both the analog and the digital world.在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，在評(píng)價(jià)模擬濾波器和數(shù)字濾波器（或模擬信號(hào)處理和數(shù)字信號(hào)處理）的時(shí)候，坑定還要考慮許多其他因素。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)期望的功能和充分利用兩種技術(shù)各自的優(yōu)勢，多數(shù)現(xiàn)代信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)都采用了模擬技術(shù)和數(shù)字技術(shù)相結(jié)合的方式。

10.Audiophiles demand the utmost sound quality , and all that factors are treated as secondary.If you had to describe the mindest in the world , it would be : overkill.Rather than just matching the abilities of the human ear ,these systems are designed to exceed the limits of hearing.It's the only way to be sure that the reproduced music is pristine.Digital audio was brought to the world by the compact laser disc, or CD.This was a revolution in music;the sound quality of the CD system far exceeds older systems, such as records and tapes

高保真音響愛好者對(duì)聲音質(zhì)量的要求極高，所有其他因素都被視為次要的。假如要用一個(gè)詞來描述這種心理活動(dòng)的話，那就是“過分”。高保真音響系統(tǒng)不是設(shè)計(jì)得剛好滿足人類的聽覺需求，而是超越了人類的聽覺極限，這是唯一能夠確保再現(xiàn)音樂無任何失真的辦法。CD帶給世人數(shù)字音頻的享受。這是音樂領(lǐng)域里的巨大變化，CD系統(tǒng)的音質(zhì)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了傳統(tǒng)的唱片磁帶。

11.Then the sample are processed in groups of 1152(about 26 msec worth).Each group is first passed through 32 digital filters to get 32 frequency bands.At the same time the input is fed into a psychoacoustic model in order to determine the masked frequencies.Next each of the 32 frequency bands is further transformed to provide a finer spectral resolution.在這之后，樣本以1152(約26ms)為一組進(jìn)行處理。每組樣本首先通過32個(gè)數(shù)字濾波器，從而得到32 3

個(gè)頻帶。同時(shí)，輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)入心理聲學(xué)模型以決定被屏蔽的頻率。下一步，32頻帶中的每個(gè)頻帶中的每個(gè)頻率進(jìn)一步變換得到更好的頻譜分辨率。

第三篇：專業(yè)英語(電子信息與通信工程)

Electroics電子學(xué)battery電池

lSI大規(guī)模集成電路 ultraviolet紫外線radiation輻射LED發(fā)光二級(jí)管capacitor電容

integratedcircuit集成電路 wireless telegraph無線電報(bào) passive devices無源器件 電流current二極管diodes

半導(dǎo)體semiconductor真空管vacuum tube 印刷電路printed circuit 高清電視 high definition tv電阻器resistorAmpere 安培Conductivity傳導(dǎo)體 magnetic cor磁芯insulator絕緣體dielectric電解質(zhì)

thevenin’s theore戴維定理negative termin負(fù)極charge電荷

inductance感應(yīng)系數(shù) polarity極性電感inductor節(jié)點(diǎn)hode

等效電阻equivalent resistance

疊加定理superpower theorem

Semiconductor半導(dǎo)體 number system計(jì)數(shù)制IC集成電路 commutative Law分配率 binary二進(jìn)制inverter交換器negative否認(rèn)的sequential時(shí)序的雙極型bipolar晶體管transistor N溝道N channel

線性化line

布爾代數(shù)boolean algera真值表the table解發(fā)器flip-flop

組合邏輯電路combinationallogla circuit 積和式sum-of-products Parasitic capacitance寄生電容

channel bandwidt通道帶寬half-duplex半雙工

spurious frequenc寄生頻率 input match輸入匹配 tuning range調(diào)制范圍the baseband amplifier基帶放大器

noise figure噪聲系數(shù) minimum detectable signal最小可檢測信號(hào)靈敏度sensitivity 諧波harmonics

阻抗匹配impedance match 本機(jī)振蕩the local csillator 過載特性overload characteristics

信道channel

高斯白噪聲white cnaussian noise

中頻inter medium

基帶信號(hào)basebandsignal Signal and syste信號(hào)與系統(tǒng) aeronautics and astronautics航空航天

continuous-time signals連續(xù)時(shí)間信號(hào)

signal energy and power信號(hào)與功能

total energy總能量 complex number復(fù)數(shù) infinite time interval無限時(shí)間范圍

average power平均能量 physical system物理系統(tǒng) automotive vehicl機(jī)動(dòng)車輛

信號(hào)處理signal processing 電路設(shè)計(jì)circuit design離散時(shí)間信號(hào)discrete-time signal

非零常數(shù)nonzerv constant 獨(dú)立變量independent variables

瞬時(shí)功率instaneous power 無限能量infinite energy相互作用的子系統(tǒng)interconnection-of-subsystems

圖像增強(qiáng)

image-enhancement

第四篇：電子信息工程專業(yè)英語總結(jié)

Actuator 致動(dòng)器，執(zhí)行器 acquisition time采樣時(shí)間 address從事，忙于 address pointer地址指針 adjustment 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié) adverse 不利的，相反的 aliasing混疊現(xiàn)象 all in all總而言之 alter 改變 alternative選擇 aluminium 鋁 analogous 類似的 anguish 痛苦，苦惱 antenna 觸角，天線 anti-aliasing filter 抗混疊濾波器 appliance用具，器具 approach 方法 arena競技場，舞臺(tái) array 陣列，數(shù)組 asynchronous 異步的 as a consequence因此 as opposed to...與...相反 baseband基帶 base station基站 be encumbered with為...所累 behavioral synthesis行為綜合 be referred to as...被稱作...bipolar 雙極性的 boast 夸耀 Boolean variable布爾變量 budget預(yù)算 buffer緩沖器，緩沖區(qū) building block構(gòu)件，模塊 bulky 容量大的，體積大的 bus interface總線接口 cache 高速緩存 capacitor 電容器 capacity 容量，電容 capture 記錄，輸入 carrier wave載波 cell 細(xì)胞，蜂房，電池 cellular 蜂窩狀的 chrominance 色度 circular 圓形的，循環(huán)的 commute 通勤 comparator 比較器 compatibility兼容性 component 組件 conditioning 調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整 conduct 傳導(dǎo) configure 配置，設(shè)定 consequently 從而，因此 consumption 消耗 consolidated加固的，整理過的，統(tǒng)一的 context上下文，背景，環(huán)境 cordless 不用電線的 cordless phone無繩電話 corresponding 相應(yīng)的 cost-effective 合算的 couple連接，結(jié)合 cubic 立方體的，立方的 current source電流源 cryptography密碼系統(tǒng)，密碼術(shù) daunting 使人畏縮的 data processing數(shù)據(jù)處理 data sheet數(shù)據(jù)手冊 deceptive欺騙性的 dedicate專用，致力于 deduce推導(dǎo)，演繹 deflection偏轉(zhuǎn) descendant 后裔，后代 design flow設(shè)計(jì)流程 device 器件 diagram 圖表 dial tone撥號(hào)音 digitisation 數(shù)字化 disadvantage缺點(diǎn)，劣勢 discrete 離散的 drawback 缺點(diǎn)，障礙 drift 漂移 drive 驅(qū)動(dòng)器 dynamic 動(dòng)態(tài)的 dynamic range動(dòng)態(tài)范圍 educated受過教育的，有教養(yǎng)的，有根據(jù)的embedded system嵌入式系統(tǒng) embrace擁抱，包含 emulation仿真 encompass包含 encumber阻礙 end office端局 end product最終產(chǎn)品 ensue跟著發(fā)生 erasable 可擦寫的 erroneous錯(cuò)誤的 even field偶數(shù)場 facilitate使容易，使便利 ferroelectric 鐵電的 fiasco 慘敗，大失敗 field-programmable現(xiàn)場可編程的 flicker閃爍，顫動(dòng) flip flop觸發(fā)器 floppy disk軟盤 for the nonce目前，暫且 for fear of為了避免 formality 手續(xù)，禮節(jié)，儀式 format 格式 foundry半導(dǎo)體制造商 frame 幀 frame grabber 幀采集器 frequency reuse頻率重用 full-custom全定制的 full scale range滿量程范圍 functional accelerator性能加速器 glue logic膠連邏輯 graphical 圖形的 guesstimate估計(jì)，猜測 hand-held手持的，手持式的 handset 電話聽筒，手持機(jī) handy 手邊的，容易取得的 henceforth自此以后，今后 hexagon 六邊形

high-powered 大功率的 humble 級(jí)別低的，位置低的 humongous極大的 hybrid 混合的

impediment妨礙，阻礙 implement 實(shí)現(xiàn)；器具 in any event無論如何 inbound 輸入的 incoming 輸入的

incoming inspection入廠檢查；輸入檢驗(yàn) inconsistent不一致的，矛盾的 incorporate 一體化

incredibly難以置信地，驚人地 incur招致

in conjunction with與...協(xié)力 in detail詳細(xì)地 inevitably 不可避免 infinite無限的

in motion在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，處于活躍狀態(tài) innovative創(chuàng)新的

in one’s own right依靠自身的本領(lǐng)或素質(zhì) in parallel并行的，平行的 in practical terms實(shí)際上 install 安裝

insulate 絕緣；隔離 integrated 集成的

in terms of根據(jù)，在...方面 interface capacitor溝道電容器 interference 干擾，干涉 interlace交織，交錯(cuò)

interpretation解釋，闡明 in the field在現(xiàn)場

iterative重復(fù)的，迭代的 jargon行話

laborious 艱苦的，費(fèi)力的 leakage 泄露

lessen 減少，減輕

level shifter電平移動(dòng)器 lifetime 壽命

line driver線路驅(qū)動(dòng)器 lithographic平版印刷的 luminance亮度

macrofunction宏功能 magnetic 磁的

manageable 易處理的 mandate 委任

manipulate 操作，處理 market時(shí)常，銷路，行情 mask 掩模，掩碼，掩蔽 mass-produced 大量生產(chǎn)的 mechanical 機(jī)械的 memory 存儲(chǔ)器，內(nèi)存

metal interconnect金屬互聯(lián) metalization 金屬化 methodology 方法學(xué) microcell 微蜂窩

miniaturization 細(xì)微化 mixed-signal混合信號(hào) more often than not時(shí)常 next state次態(tài)

nonrecurring一次性的，不重視的 numerical數(shù)值的

Nyquist theorem奈奎斯特定理 octal八管腳的，八進(jìn)制的 odd field奇數(shù)場

of age成熟；發(fā)達(dá)；充分發(fā)展 offset彌補(bǔ)，抵消 optical 光學(xué)的

order of magnitude數(shù)量級(jí) oscillator 振蕩器 outbound 輸出的

overload使超載，超過負(fù)荷；超載，過載 over（a/the）period（of）在某段時(shí)間內(nèi) packet 封包，分組

packet switching分組交換 parallelism并行度 partition 分割，劃分 passive 無源的 pattern 模式，圖案

pay off帶來利益；償清債務(wù)

perceptive 有知覺的，有理解力的 placement 布置，安排 power dissipation功耗 precede領(lǐng)先于

predominant 卓越的，支配的，主要的 present state現(xiàn)態(tài)

price/performance ratio性能價(jià)格比 prior to先于，在...之前 profession 職業(yè)，專業(yè) proportion比例

proposition主張，建議 prototype原型，樣機(jī)

put out放出，產(chǎn)生；消除；熄滅 quantization level量化電平rating 等級(jí)，級(jí)別 real time實(shí)時(shí) reciprocal倒數(shù)

reconfigurable可重新配置的 refresh 刷新 register 寄存器 routing 布線

run up升起；積欠；匆匆制成

sample and hold circuit采樣保持電路 sampling interval采樣間隔 schematic 原理圖，示意圖 second-level二級(jí)的 self-destruction 自毀 semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體 semi-custom半定制的 sequential 時(shí)序的 shed棚，小屋

signal conditioner信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)器 signal-to-noise ratio信噪比 silicon 硅

simultaneously 同時(shí)

simulation 模擬，仿真 simulator 模擬器，仿真器 simultaneously同時(shí)地 smoothing平滑 solid state固態(tài) sourcing 供貨

specialized 專門的，專用的

specification 技術(shù)要求，規(guī)格明細(xì) spectral inversion頻譜反轉(zhuǎn) spectrum光譜，頻譜，范圍 spurt噴射，迸發(fā)，沖刺 squash擠進(jìn)，擠壓 squeal 長聲尖叫 stability 穩(wěn)定性 state machine狀態(tài)機(jī) static 靜態(tài)的

successor 繼承者，接任者；后續(xù)的事物 synchronous 同步的 synthesis 綜合

tailor剪裁，修改，調(diào)整 textural 文本的

time to market上市時(shí)間 transducer 傳感器，變換器 transfer function傳輸函數(shù) transistor 晶體管 trick竅門，訣竅 trigger 觸發(fā)

ultimate 最終的，根本的 uncommitted 未確定用途的 underlying根本的，潛在的 undependable 不可靠的 undersampling 欠采樣 vendor 廠商 viable可行的 volatile 易失的

voltage source電壓源 watt 瓦特

well-paid 收入高的 whereas 然而

wireless infrastructure無線基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 wrapp包裹，覆蓋，纏繞 zero order hold零階保持

AMPS.advanced mobile phone system.先進(jìn)移動(dòng)電話系統(tǒng)

ASIC.application specific integrated circuit.專用集成電路 ASSP.application-specific standard parts.專用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器件 CAD.computer aided design.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)

CAM.content addressable memory.內(nèi)容尋址存儲(chǔ)器 CB.citizen' band.民用波段

CCD.charge-coupled device.電荷耦合器件 CD.compact disc.光盤

CMOS.complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor.互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體 CPLD.complex programmable logic device.復(fù)雜可編程邏輯器件 DA.desigh automation設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化

DRAM.dynamic random access memory動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器 DSP.digital signal processor數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器 ECL.emitter coupled logic射極耦合邏輯

EDA.electronic design automation電子設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化

EEPROM.electrically erasable programmable rom電可擦除可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器FCC.federal communications commission聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì) FPGA.field programmable gate array現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列 GBW.gain×bandwidth增益帶寬積

GPP.general-purpose microprocessor通用微處理器

GSM.global system for mobile communication全球移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng) HDL.hardware description language硬件描述語言 IC.intergrated circuit.集成電路

IMTS.improved mobile phone system 改進(jìn)移動(dòng)電話系統(tǒng) ISP.in-system programmable在系統(tǒng)可編程 LP.long playing（record）慢轉(zhuǎn)密紋唱片 LSI.large-scale integration.大規(guī)模集成

MOS.metal-oxide-semiconductor互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體 MTSO.mobile telephone switching office移動(dòng)電話交換局 MSC.mobile switching center移動(dòng)交換中心 NRE.nonrecurring engineering一次性工程 ns.nanosecond納秒

NTSC.national television systems committee國家電視系統(tǒng)委員會(huì) OTP.one-time programmable一次可編程 PAL.phase alternation by line逐行倒相

PAL.programmable array logic可編程陣列邏輯 PLA.programmable logic array可編程邏輯陣列 PLD.programmable logic device可編程邏輯器件

PTT.post telephone and telegraph administration郵電管理局 PSTN.public switched telephone network公共交換電話網(wǎng) RC.reconfigurable computing可重配計(jì)算 ROM.read only memory只讀存儲(chǔ)器

RTL.register transfer level寄存器傳輸級(jí) SDR.software-defined radios軟件無線電

SECAM.sequential couleur avec memoire順序與存儲(chǔ)彩色電視系統(tǒng) SoC.system-on-chip片上系統(tǒng)

SPLD.simple programmable logic devices簡單可編程邏輯器件 SRAM.static random access memory.靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器 UV.ultraviolet紫外線

VHDL.very high speed integrated-circuit hardware-description language 超高速集成電路硬件描述語言

VHSIC.very high speed integrated circuit超高速集成電路 VLSI.very large-scale integration.超大規(guī)模集成 μP.microprocessor微處理器

第五篇：電子信息工程專業(yè)英語導(dǎo)論考試資料

DCDirect Current直流電AC alternating current交流電IC integrated circuit 集成電路

DRAMDynamic Random Access Memory動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器CPUCentral Processing Unit中央處理器RAMrandom access memory隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器SOCSystem-on-Chip片上系統(tǒng)OS operating system操作系統(tǒng)IPintellectual property知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)DSPDigital Signal Processing數(shù)字信號(hào)處理RTLregister transfer level寄存器傳輸級(jí)

DACDigital toanalog converter 數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器VLSIVery Large Scale Integration超大規(guī)模集成電路PLDprogrammable logic device可編程邏輯電路FPGAField Programmable Gate Array場可編程門陣列CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device復(fù)雜可編程邏輯器件

SRAMstatic random Access Memory靜態(tài)存儲(chǔ)器ASICApplication Specific Integrated Circuit專用集成電路

LUTLook-Up-Table查找表

TDMA Time-Division Multiple Access時(shí)分多址

FIRFinite Impulse Response無限脈沖相應(yīng)數(shù)字濾波器CDMAcode-division multiple access碼分多址IIRInfinite Impulse Response有限脈沖相應(yīng)數(shù)字濾波器ADCAnalog to Digital Converter模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器

1、We are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephone that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without that..我們對(duì)電燈，無線電廣播，電視和電話是如此的熟悉，所以很難想象離開啦他們，我們的生活將會(huì)是什么樣子。

2、When large numbers of electrons break away from their atoms and move through a wire, we describe this action by saying that electricity is “flowing” through the wire.當(dāng)大量的電子脫離原子的束縛并通過導(dǎo)線運(yùn)動(dòng)迪，這時(shí)我們就說電通過導(dǎo)線在流動(dòng)。

3、A resistor has two terminals across which electricity must pass, and is designed to dropthe voltage of the current as it flows from one terminal to the next.電阻有兩端，并且電流都必須通過。當(dāng)電流從一端流道另一端是，電阻上就有電壓降。

4、The unit of resistance is ohm.In a direct-current circuit, the current through a resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance, and directly proportional to the voltage across it.電阻的單位是歐姆。在直流電路中，通過電阻的電流與它的阻抗成反比，與加在其上的電壓成正比。

5、Large capacitors are used in the power supplies of electronic of all types, including computers and their

peripherals.In these systems, the capacitors smooth out the rectified utility AC, providing pure, battery-like DC.所有型號(hào)的電子設(shè)備，包括計(jì)算機(jī)及其外圍GSMglobal system for mobile全球移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)FDMAFrequency Division Multiple Access頻分多址

設(shè)備的電源儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)，都使用了大電容器。

在這些系統(tǒng)中，電容器能進(jìn)一步平滑經(jīng)整流過的公用交電流，是其提供如電流產(chǎn)生的純直流電一樣。

6、This does not affect performance in DC circuits, but can have an adverse effect in AC circuit because inductance renders the device sensitive to change in frequency.在直流電路中這并沒有影響，但是對(duì)交流電路卻有反作用，因?yàn)殡姼行?yīng)系數(shù)使該器件對(duì)頻率的變化很敏感。

7、Transistor have three leads which must be connected the correct way around;thecommon-base, the common-emitter and the common-collector.晶體管在電路中有三種正確的連接方式，共基極，共發(fā)射極，共集電極法。

8、By licensing, rather than

manufacturing and selling its chip technology, the Company established a new business model that has redefined the way microprocessors are designed, produced and sold.通過許可，而不是制造和出售的芯片技術(shù)，公司重新定義了微處理器設(shè)計(jì)，生產(chǎn)與銷售的方式，從而建立了一種新的商業(yè)模式。

9、The single-processor solution offers higher performance, lower system cost and lower power than coprocessors and dual-processor solutions.與協(xié)處理器和雙處理器解決方案相比，單處理器解決方案提供了更高的性能，更低的系統(tǒng)和能耗。

10、Since many signal processing applications process millions of samples of data for every second of operation, the minimum sample period is

usually more important than the

computationa latency of the processor.由于許多信號(hào)處理應(yīng)用過程中每秒處理的樣本數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)以百萬計(jì)，因此，最低采樣周期通常比處理器的計(jì)算時(shí)延更為重要。

11、For example, a speech signal can be represented mathematically by acoustic pressure as a function of time, and a picture can be represented by brightness as a function of two spatial variables.在一個(gè)連續(xù)時(shí)間信號(hào)x（t），數(shù)字處理的第一步是選擇一個(gè)采樣周期T，然后對(duì)樣本x（t）產(chǎn)生x（nT）。

18、Under certain conditions, a continuous signal can be completely represented by and recoverable from a sequence of its values, or samples, at points equally spaced in time.在一定的條件下，一個(gè)連續(xù)信號(hào)可以完全由可以由該信號(hào)在時(shí)間等間隔點(diǎn)上的瞬時(shí)值例如，一個(gè)語音信號(hào)在數(shù)學(xué)上可以用聲壓隨時(shí)間變化的函數(shù)來表示，而一張照片可以表示亮度隨二維空間變量變化的函數(shù)。

12、To distinguish between continuous-time signals and

discrete-time signals, we will use the symbol t to denote the continuous-time independent variable and n to denote the discrete-time independent variable.區(qū)分連續(xù)時(shí)間信號(hào)和離散時(shí)間信號(hào)之間，我們將使用符號(hào)T表示連續(xù)時(shí)間的獨(dú)立變量，用n來表示離散的獨(dú)立變量。

13、FPGAs are a form of programmable logic devices which permits the design of many different complex digital circuits.現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列（FPGAs）是可編程邏輯器件的一種形式，它允許設(shè)計(jì)許多不同的復(fù)雜數(shù)字電路。

14、A continuous-time system is a system in which continuous-time input signals are applied and result in

continuous-time output signals.一個(gè)連續(xù)時(shí)間系統(tǒng)是施加連續(xù)時(shí)間輸入信號(hào)，而產(chǎn)生連續(xù)時(shí)間輸出信號(hào)的系統(tǒng)。

15、Signals encountered in practice are mostly continuous-time signals and can be denoted as x(t), where t is a continuum.實(shí)際遇到的信號(hào)大多是連續(xù)時(shí)間信號(hào)，這類信號(hào)可以用x（t）表示，其中t是連續(xù)變量。

16、most discrete-time signals are obtained from continuous-time signals by sampling and can be denoted as x[n]:=x(nT).大多數(shù)離散時(shí)間信號(hào)，是從連續(xù)時(shí)間信號(hào)的采樣得到的，可以表示為X[n]：=x（nT）。

17、In digital processing of a

continuous-time signal x(t), the first step is to select a sampling period T and then to sample x(t)to yield x(nT).或樣本值來表示，并且能用這些樣本值恢復(fù)出原信號(hào)來。

19、Much of the importance of the

sampling theorem also lies in its role as a bridge between continuous-time signals and discrete-time signals.抽樣理論的重要性還在于它在連續(xù)時(shí)間信號(hào)和離散時(shí)間信號(hào)之間起了橋梁作用。20、In many contexts, processing

discrete-time signals is more flexible and is often preferable to processing continuous-time signals.在許多方面，處理離散時(shí)間信號(hào)要更加靈活些，因此往往比處理連續(xù)時(shí)間更為可取。

21、In actuality, each cellconsists of a base station and an antenna that supports operations over a wide range of frequencies.在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，每個(gè)小區(qū)由一個(gè)基站和天線，支持業(yè)務(wù)在很寬的頻率范圍內(nèi)。

22、Those access methods are referred to as time-division multiple access(TDMA)and code-division multiple access(CDMA).那些訪問方法都被稱為time-division多址(TDMA)和code-division多址(CDMA)。

23、As the satellite received a signal from a ground or earth station, a communications complex that transmitted and/or received satellite signals, it relayed its own signal to earth.當(dāng)衛(wèi)星收了從地面或地球站發(fā)來的信號(hào)后，衛(wèi)星上的通信設(shè)備將要發(fā)送的和已接受的衛(wèi)星信號(hào)復(fù)合起來后在發(fā)往地球。

24、The primary value of satellite in a geostationary orbit is its ability to communicate with ground stations in its coverage area 24 hours a day.對(duì)地靜止軌道上的衛(wèi)星的主要作用是，一天二十四小時(shí)和覆蓋區(qū)域中的地面站進(jìn)行通信。

漢譯英：

1、可以這么說，沒有晶體管的發(fā)明，今天我們所知的計(jì)算是完全不可能的。It is safe to say that without the invention of transistors, computing as we know it today wuld not be possible.2、可編程邏輯區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)硬件的關(guān)鍵特性是它們可以重新配置。The key property of programmable logics that differentiates

9、如果你是電子的初學(xué)者，最好現(xiàn)在就開始學(xué)習(xí)如何使用NPN晶體管。If you are new to electronics it is best to start by learning how to use NPN transistors.10、在晶體管發(fā)明之前，數(shù)字電路是由真空管（vacuum tubes）組成，這有很多不足。Prior to the invention of

transistors,digital circuits werecomposed of vacuum tubes, which had many them from custom hardware is their reconfigurability.3、在許多方面，處理離散時(shí)間信號(hào)要更加靈活些，因此比處理連續(xù)時(shí)間信號(hào)更為可取。In many contexts , processing discrete-time signal is more flexible and is often preferable to processing continuous-time signals.4、時(shí)間上離散，幅值上量化的信號(hào)稱之為數(shù)字信號(hào)。Time is discrete, the

amplitude quantization signal called digital signal5、實(shí)際遇到的信號(hào)大多是連續(xù)時(shí)間信號(hào)，這類信號(hào)可以用x(t)表示，t是連續(xù)變量。Signals encountered in practice are mostly continuous-time signals and can be denoted as x(t),where t is a continuum.6、反過來，這種設(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn)又可引導(dǎo)研制新一代的衛(wèi)星，這些衛(wèi)星能夠通過其他轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)器及其相關(guān)電子系統(tǒng)處理大量的信息。This design evolution has led,in turn ,to the development of a new generation of satellites that can handle an enormous volume of information via their

transponders and relatedelectronic sysrems.7、地面站是傳送/接收衛(wèi)星信號(hào)的通信設(shè)備，衛(wèi)星接收來自地面站發(fā)送的信號(hào)后，再將其信號(hào)傳送給地球。As the satellite received a signl from a ground or earth station , a communications complex that transmitted and received satellite signals,it telayed its own signal to earth.8、在直流電路中這并沒有影響，但對(duì)交流電路卻有反作用，因?yàn)楦袘?yīng)系數(shù)使該器件對(duì)頻率的變化很敏感。This does not affect performance in DC circuits ,but can have an adverse effect in AC circuits because inductance renders the device sensitive to changes in frequency.disadvantages.11、電阻的阻抗是由它的物理結(jié)構(gòu)決定的The amount of resistance offered by a resistor is determined by its physical construction.。

12、控制總線是控制處理器與系統(tǒng)其他部分通信的信號(hào)樞紐。Thecontrol bus is a collection of signals that controls how the processor communicates with the test of the system.13、正是由于這一特性，在發(fā)明DSP處理器時(shí)采用了一種與傳統(tǒng)的微處理器不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。It is because of this very nature that DSP processors are created with an architecture unlike those of conventional micropprocessors.段落英譯漢：

1.The control bus is a collection of signals that controls how the processor communicates with the rest of the system.Consider the data bus for a moment.The CPU sends data to memory and receives data from memory on the data bus.This prompts the question.“Is it sending or receiving?” There are two lines on the control bus, read line and write line, which specify the direction of data flow.Other signals include system clocks, interrupt lines, status lines, and so on.The exact structure of control bus varies among processors in the 80x86 family.However, some control lines are common to all processors and are worthy a brief mention 控制總線是控制處理器與系統(tǒng)其它部件如何通信的信號(hào)樞紐?？紤]數(shù)據(jù)總線，CPU通過數(shù)據(jù)總線向存儲(chǔ)器發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)或從存儲(chǔ)器接受數(shù)據(jù)，這就產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)疑問：“他是在發(fā)送還是在接受呢？”在控制總線上有兩條線，即讀線和寫線，他們指明了數(shù)據(jù)流的方向。其他信號(hào)包括系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘、中斷信號(hào)、狀態(tài)信號(hào)等。80X86系列控制總線的具體結(jié)構(gòu)因處理器的不同而不同，但一

些控制線對(duì)所有的處理器是共同的。2，In digital processing of a

continuous-time signal x(t), the first step is to select a sampling period T and then to sample x(t)to yield x(nT).It is clear that the smaller T is, the closer x(nT)is to x(t).However, a smaller T also requires more computation.Thus an important task in DSP is to find 有人也提出了少數(shù)的非商業(yè)FPGAs結(jié)構(gòu)，其

設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)節(jié)更易獲得。可編程邏輯區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)硬件的關(guān)鍵特性在于他的可重構(gòu)行。從執(zhí)行的強(qiáng)度和速度看，這種裝置不能與傳統(tǒng)硬件相比，但他們的可重構(gòu)性能的開發(fā)和硬件設(shè)計(jì)改變的迅速性，縮短了產(chǎn)品上市的時(shí)間，降低了成本。

5.第五代計(jì)算機(jī)大力發(fā)展計(jì)算機(jī)可以解決問題最終可能是被稱為創(chuàng)造性的方式是另一the largest possible T so that all information(if not possible, all essential information)of x(t)is retained in x(nT).Without the

frequency-domain description, it is not possible to find such a sampling period.Thus computing the frequency content of signals is a first step in digital signal processing.連續(xù)時(shí)間信號(hào)的數(shù)字處理，第一步是選擇一個(gè)采樣周期T，然后采樣x(t)產(chǎn)生x(nT).。很明顯，周期T越小，x(nT)越接近x(t)。然而，T越小計(jì)算量越大。因此，數(shù)字信號(hào)處理的一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)，是要找出最大可能T，使x(t)的所有信息（如果不能，那么信號(hào)的所有基本信息）仍然保留在x(nT)中。沒有頻域描述，就不可能找到采樣周期。因此數(shù)字信號(hào)處理的第一步是計(jì)算信號(hào)的頻譜。3，F(xiàn)PGAs are a form of programmable logic devices which permits the design of many different complex digital circuits.FPGAs were first introduced in 1986 by Xilinx using a memory-based programming technology.Since then there have been many new commercial architectures.A new non-commercial FPGA architecture have been proposed for which the design details are more readily available.The key property of programmable logics that differentiates them from custom

hardware is their reconfigurability.such device cannot compete with a custom hardware implementation in terms of density or speed, but their

reconfigurability allows hardware designs to be created and changed rapidly, thus reducing time-to-market and costs over custom hardware.現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列是可編程邏輯器件的一種形式，它允許設(shè)計(jì)許多不同的復(fù)雜數(shù)字電路。1986年，Xilinx首次把基于內(nèi)存的編程技術(shù)引入了FPGAs。此后還有許多新的商業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)，個(gè)趨勢在計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展，理想的目標(biāo)是真正的人工智能。正在積極探索的一個(gè)路徑是并行處理計(jì)算機(jī)，它使用許多芯片在同一時(shí)間執(zhí)行多個(gè)不同的任務(wù)。并行處理可能最終能在一定程度上重復(fù)了復(fù)雜的反饋，近似于人類思想的評(píng)估能力。另一種形式正在研究并行處理是分子計(jì)算機(jī)的使用。在這些計(jì)算機(jī)，邏輯符號(hào)用DNA的化學(xué)單元表達(dá)，而不是通過常規(guī)的電子流問題，比目前的超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)速度快，將使用更少的能源。