第一篇：2018年北郵英語3期末考試復(fù)習(xí)題

中譯英

短語

1．慢慢來/不著急---take one’s time 2． 有機會/有希望---stand a chance 3． 分坐這人的兩邊---sit on either side of the man 4． 被正式指控---be officially charged 5． 將這人送上法庭---take the man to the court 6． 對這一事件滿不在乎---be unconcerned with the matter 7． 積攢錢買一輛汽車---save up some money for a new car 8． 與警察發(fā)生糾紛---be in trouble with the policeman 9． 有犯罪記錄/ 有前科---have a criminal record 10． 找一份臨時的工作---look for a temporary job

1.吸取教訓(xùn)---learn one’s lesson

2.熬夜備課--stay up preparing lessons 3.謀生---earn one’s living 4.記日記---keep diaries 5.郵寄包裹---send the parcel off 6.歇口氣---catch one’s breath 7.漏掉了兩行---leave out two lines 8.創(chuàng)辦公司---set up a corporation 9.指點迷津---point out a pathway 10.激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣---stimulate students’ interest in their studies

1.妨礙某人---stand in one’s way

2.抑制強烈的感情---hold back the strong emotions 3.強做笑顏---manage a weak smile 4.函授課程---correspondence courses 5.尋求安慰---seek comfort 6.一往無前的勇氣---courage to go ahead 7.做一份全職工作---hold a full time job 8.寫信索取商品---send away for goods 9.感到尷尬/手足無措---feel out of place 10.把她摟在懷里---put the arms around her

1.不緊張/不急---take it easy 2.阻止他航海---keep him from sailing 3.消失不見---go out of sight 4.降低出生率---bring down birth rate 5.動輒為小事哭泣---cry easily at little things 6.在酸性條件下生存---exist in an acid condition 7.量體溫---take one’s temperature 8.驅(qū)散人群---scatter the crowd 9.一動不動盯著床腳---stare still at the foot of the bed 10.對飛碟計劃漠不關(guān)心---be detached from the flying saucer program

1.有助于健康---contribute to one’s health 2.著手造船---go about building a boat 3.歸因于罷工---be due to the strike 4.逃避現(xiàn)實---escape from real life 5.用煤氣代替煤---substitute gas for coal 6.一事無成---never amount to anything 7.被視為浪費時間---be viewed as a waste of time 8.持新的見解---take a fresh look at 9.把自己想象成為科學(xué)家---picture oneself as a scientist 10.功成名就/如愿以償---turn you into your heart’s desire

句子

1.我們的火車訂于 9:30 到北京。

Our train is due in Beijing at 9:30。2．如果有機會他本可以成為科學(xué)家。

Given the chance, he might have become a scientist 3.令人吃驚的是，他與之說話的那位干部竟然是個貪官。

To his surprise, it turned out that the cadre he spoke to was a corrupt official.4． 由于身體虛弱并且一只耳聾，他從未有機會得到餐館招待員的工作。

Weak and deaf in one ear, he never stood a chance of getting the job of waiter 5． 我們是去長城還是呆在家里取決于明天的天氣。Whether we go to the Great Wall or stay at home will depend on tomorrow’s weather 6． 我在找一份臨時的工作，以便攢點錢交房租。

I'm looking for a temporary job so that I can save up some money for the rent.7． 毫無疑問他在撒謊。

There is no doubt that he is lying 8． 你可以慢慢來還我借給你的錢。

You may take your time over the money I lent you 9． 令他遺憾的是，那些原來支持他的人現(xiàn)在都轉(zhuǎn)而反對他。

To his regret, those who were once for him have turned against him.2 10． 這位經(jīng)理承認在得到金表后還收過金錢賄賂。

The manager admitted to having been bribed with offers of money, subsequent to receiving a gold watch.1.我之所以教書并不是因為我覺得教書輕松。

I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.2.跑到醫(yī)院后，我坐下來緩口氣。

After running to the hospital, I sat down to catch my breath.3.這場大雪迫使我們改變了工作計劃。

The heavy snow compelled us a change of working plan.4.老板決定給工人們增加工資, 以便激勵工人更努力工作。

The boss decided to increase the workers’ pay so as to stimulate them to work harder.5.當他看見老師走進教室，趕快轉(zhuǎn)移了話題。

When he saw the teacher coming into the classroom he switched his conversation 3 to a different topic.6.我們之間的良好關(guān)系建立在信任的基礎(chǔ)上。

The good relationship between us is built on trust.7.偶而喝酒比習(xí)慣性喝酒的害處小得多。

The occasional drinking of liquor is much less harmful than habitual use.8.經(jīng)過仔細調(diào)查后，委員會決定翻修老房子。

After a careful investigation, the committee decided to renovate the old house.9.他們?nèi)メ烎~幾個小時，但回來時兩手空空。

They went fishing for hours, but they returned empty-handed.10.當他轉(zhuǎn)過街角，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一個穿制服的警察跟上了。

When he turned the corner, he found himself trailed by a policeman in uniform.1.沒多久邁拉便學(xué)會了打字并得到了那份工作。

It wasn’t long before Myra had learned to type and finally she got the job.2.沒什么大不了的，只是一支點著的香煙把我的新裙子燒了一個洞。

Nothing important.Just that a lit cigarette burned a hole in my new skirt.3.警方警告人們節(jié)日期間提防扒手。

The police warned people to be on guard against pickpockets during the festival.4.你在這工作一兩周后，你就會了解這新工作的。

You will catch on to the new job after you’ve been here a couple of weeks.5.約翰的技術(shù)使他有資格擔(dān)任這一工作。John’s skills qualify him for the job.6.她盡力想控制自己的感情，但卻做不到。

She tried to hold back her emotions but couldn’t/failed.7.不管你做什么，我都不會妨礙你的。

Whatever you do, I will not stand in your way.8.事情忙的時候，孩子們經(jīng)常在父親的店里幫忙。

The children always help out in their father’s store when everything is busy.9.盡管他們有不少錢，但他們繼續(xù)這樣大手大腳的話，很快就會缺錢花的。Much money as they have, they will run out of it if they spend it so freely.10.湯姆吃飯時總愛獨自占有整個桌子。

Tom would like to have a table to himself when at dinner.1.別著急，成不了優(yōu)等生也沒什么大不了的。

Take it easy.It’s nothing important if you can’t be the top student in the class.2.我寧愿住在鄉(xiāng)下也不愿住在擁擠的市中心，呼吸污染的空氣。

I would rather live in the countryside than in the crowded city center to breathe the polluted air.3.這藥在治療癌癥上作用不大。

The medicine is of little use in dealing with cancer.4.超市降低價格，以便吸引更多的顧客。

Supermarkets brought down prices in order to attract more customers.5.雖然他非常生氣，仍在極力控制自己。

Though he was very angry, he held tight onto himself.6.對于學(xué)校松弛的紀律她感到很震驚。

She was shocked at the slack discipline in the school.7.自從她兒子去世后，她就對周圍所有的事情漠然處之。

She has been detached from anything around her since her son died.8.一看到那只貓出來了，老鼠嚇得四散奔逃。

On seeing the cat come out, the mice were frightened to scatter.9.流感康復(fù)期間，你應(yīng)該避免淋濕或過度勞累。

While recovering from influenza you should keep from getting wet or over-tired.10.客人來訪時她只得避不露面。

She had to keep out of sight when guests came to visit.1． 有些人要工作很長時間才能實現(xiàn)自己的目標。

Some people must work a long time before their goals.2． 外地來京打工的民工們?yōu)楸本┑慕ㄔO(shè)做出了很大的貢獻。

Peasant workers who came to work in Beijing have contributed a lot to the capital’s development.3． 老師建議我們每天花些時間將自己想要達到的目標投射到心靈的屏幕上。

The teacher suggested that we take time every day to project our desired goals onto the screen in our minds.4． 我休假期間，喬治代替我的工作。

When I went on vacation, George worked as my substitute.5． 白日做夢被看作是浪費時間。

Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time 6． 我希望你不要干涉他的教學(xué)工作。I hope you will not interfere with his teaching work.7． 在陽光下閱讀將影響你的視力。

Reading in the sun will affect your eyesight.8． 湯米忽視了睡前刷牙。

Tommy neglected brushing his teeth before going to bed.9． 我的侄子做事太粗心了，我認為他不會取得多少成就。

My nephew does everything so carelessly that I don’t see how he can ever amount to much.10 專家建議我們飯后散步十分鐘，那會對身體健康有好處。

Experts recommend we take a ten-minute walk after meals, which will do good to our health.閱讀練習(xí)

31.Robert Bruce was a famous Scottish general。In the..（BACCA）32.The weather seems to be everybody's favorite topic（DACBC）

33.A man came into a pet shop carrying a parrot in a bird cage（CBABD）34.A story is told about a soldier who was finally coming home（BDABB）35.Americans with small families own a small car or a large one（DABCA）36.My husband and I got married in 1981 and for the first ten years（BCCBD）37.A tired-looking young lady went into the doctor's office（CABCD）38.We say that a person has good manners if he or she behaves（CCDAB）39.Tom saw an advertisement in a newspaper for a beautiful（BCDCD）40.Mr.Perkin stood at the bus-stop and watched the cars go by（DABAC）41.Many teenagers feel that the most important people in（ADDAB）42.There are different ideas about pets in different parts of the（AABDC）43.The first Monday in September is Labor Day in the United States（CDAAC）44.If you ask most Americans, they would say their favorite（DDCAD）45.Before refrigerators, homes usually had ice boxes（DBCAC）46.The seventeenth International AIDS Conference opened（CDBCC）47.Scientists in the United States have developed（CDAAD）48.Credit cards let people buy things now and pay（BCCBB）49.Last week, Bill Gates retired from（ACCCC）50.Almost everybody likes to play（DBCAC）51.Seven weeks after the powerful（CDDBC）52.? Kylie Grayden, 17, of Shorewood（BBDAC）

53.Parents and children may rush through their（CCDAB）54.Hawaii is dropping the only state universal（DCDAB）55.The Siemens Foundation holds a Mathematics（DCDBA）56.Today, as in every other day of the year（BDBDB）57.As the pace of life continues to increase（DADBC）

58.In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied（CBDCC）59.Treasure hunts have excited people's（DCBCB）60.There are two factors which determine（BCBCC）

完型

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Jack lost(丟 失)his job last week（1-5:DBCCB 6-10:ADBAD）Once, three fishes lived in a pond.One evening（1-5: DACBB 6-10:CABCD）We were going to play against a team（1-5: CDDAD 6-10: ABCAB）Once there was a boy in Toronto（1-5:DACDB 6-10: ABACD）Monday is the beginning of the week（1-5:ACDBB 6-10: DCAAA）I first saw the baby panda when she（1-5: BCADC 6-10:CDABA）One day John and Bill were fishing（1-5:BDCBC 6-10:CADCD）Billy is a boy of fifteen（1-5: ACDAD 6-10: ABDCB）

Many years ago there was a poor man（1-5: BACBA 6-10: CBDDC）

挑錯練習(xí)

1.He invited me to go to a party and I did not want to join him that evening.2.The information which she was injured in the accident was given by Liz 3.Look at the beautiful flowers here!How wonderful they are smelling 4.Dear Helen, please forgive him for his rudeness, can you 5.Did anyone inform you with the change of the schedule that 6.Despite his old age, he is still very healthful and often works 7.This equipment is based upon advanced techniques and it is highly 8.It is about time that we go to supper, for we still have a meeting 9.Every now and then he would come here paying a visit to his old aunt 10.The passengers saw the thief stole on the bus, but they didn’t say 11.Have you noticed her coat is wet? She must be caught in the rain 12.Teenagers always long for the time which they are able to be 13..Since the injury is bad, the doctors will operate him immediately.14.Let's hurry up and try to get to the railway station in time, can we 15.He refused joining us last Saturday night.Don't you think it strange 16.Some old beautiful Italian oil paintings are being displayed 17.If you had been there, I'm sure you would have enjoyed to see 18.On seeing the boy fell into the river, she sprang to her feet 19.Traditionally, work determines our way of life.But if 98 percent of us don't need A B C 6 to work, what are we going to do with oneself? 20.Only by practice will you be able to improve your speaking English 21.Two woman teachers and four girl students were praised at the meeting 22.After she got married, Lily went to see her mother each other week 23.There will be more than three hundreds students taking part 24.While shopping, people sometimes can’t help persuading into buying 25.We are all for your proposal that the discussion is to be put off 26.Factory workers had to work very hard before, so had farmers 27.He finds it easier to do the cooking himself than teaching his wife 28.There was too much dust that we couldn’t see what was happening 29.The boy did not have to leave the he got his visa extending 30.What does Mr.Johnson like? He’s a friendly sort of man

31.The reporter was very pleased allowed him to ask few questions 32.He tried to learn Greek but soon got tired of it and gave up it 33.With the sun setting, we stopped working, putting away our tools 34.Polite manners in China demand that a person stands up when anyone 35.This is the sportsman whom everyone says will win the gold medal 36.I heard that you really had a wonderful birthday Party, hadn’t you? 37.E-mail as well as mobile telephones are becoming more and more 38.They are going to have the servicemen installed an electric fan 39.Mary found it difficult to talk calmly about which she 40.Lesson Three is the most difficult lesson, but it isn’t the most 41.Those of us who work in chemical laboratories should have their lungs 42.Neither John and his father was able to wake up early enough to catch 43.He wished he didn't tell her the truth that brought her so much pain 44.The room, which window faces the south, is the nicest one of all on 45.He is a true friend of mine, whom I can always depend whenever I get 46.Let's go and watch that new movie at eight tonight, won't we 47.It is very important that the students' voice is heard by the 48.This is such a beautiful day that everyone around us feel like going 49.We saw a big dog that was fierce and felt frightened in our way home 50.As time went on, that he was forced giving up his business

詞匯選擇練習(xí)題

1.It __________that the necklace was made of glass.A.turned out B.made out C.looked out D.took out 2.___________, he can finish the work in a couple of weeks.A.Giving good health B.If give good health C.Given good health D.If he is good given health 3.___________ to speak at the meeting, I couldn’t very well refuse.A.Called up B.Called off C.Called at D.Called on

4.The poor police had never __________ of winning.A.made a chance B.took a chance C.stood a chance D.kept a chance 5.If our neighbor continues to refuse to keep his dog under control, we have to take him to ___________.A.solicitor B.brush C.prisoner D.court 6.I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make ___________.A.a bunch B.a pair C.a flock D.a pack 7.In the past few years my aunt ___________ enough money to buy a house.A.has saved up B.has kept up C.has set up D.has saved aside 8.Our train is __________ in Beijing at 9 a.m.A.late B.due C.early 9.A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were _______.A.settled B.committed C.dismissed D.proposed 10.___________ I thought he was joking, but then I realized he was serious.A.At least B.At leisure C.At first D.At my best 11.He tried in vain to _________ the students __________ their professors.A.turn…against B.turn…to C.turn…out D.turn back 12.The police _________ the driver with drunken driving.A.concluded B.charged C.tracked D.outraged 13.The lady was expecting a baby in a__________ of months.A.pair B.couple C.bunch D.few 14.The sudden snowstorm during the night _________ my decision not to leave.A.discovered B.inquired C.charged D.confirmed 15.Just ________ your time and tell me clearly what happened at the meeting yesterday.A.save B.get C.take D.spare 1._________ because I was tired of learning.A.Due to my leaving college B.To leave college C.No matter how I left college D.I didn’t leave college

2.She took detailed __________ of what the teachers had discussed at the meeting.A.notes B.diary C.breath D.items 3.He __________ late writing his term paper.A.stayed out B.stayed away C.stayed behind D.stayed up

4.Medical scientists __________ finding a cure for cancer since 1960s.A.have been working out B.have been working C.have been working on 5.You __________ an important detail in your report of the accident.A.left behind B.fished out C.left out D.made out 6.I teach because teaching is a profession _________ change.A.building on B.built on C.building of D.built of 7.After running to the bus-stop, I sat down to __________.A.out of breath B.catch breath C.catch my breath D.lose my breath 8.She wrote articles and __________ to the Evening Paper.A.sent for them B.sent them off C.sent them out D.sent off them 9.Many young girls like to __________ for recording their private thoughts and feelings.A.keep a diary B.keep a secret C.keep a promise 10.Tom started as an engineering student, but he __________ English because he liked it.A.switched off B.switched on C.switched on to D.switched to

11.I’m _________ that he is innocent in the whole affair.A.convincing B.believed C.believing D.convinced

12.I prefer to work in an ___________ environment where there are good libraries and cultural facilities.A.urban B.rural C.suburb D.area 13.The statement about the mad cow disease constituted a direct _________ to the British government.A.instruction B.permission C.challenge 14.He was ___________ by illness to drop out of school.A.prompted B.encouraged C.compelled D.promoted 15.Jeanne has decided on law as her _________.She wants to become a civil rights lawyer and help the poor.A.employment B.business C.profession 1.It was not long __________ the news spread and people from all over the country came to visit the village.A.before B.when C.until D.after 2.—I saw Alice in tears yesterday.What happened to her? —Nothing important.__________ a lit cigarette burned a hole in her new skirt.A.Just for B.Just that C.Just because D.Only because 3.After hearing the news, I could not ____________ my work that whole afternoon.A.concentrate in B.set minds to C.set my mind on D.set my 4.You’ll ___________ to the job after you have been here a week or two.A.catch up B.catch to C.catch on D.catch with 5.The police warned people to be _________ for pickpockets during the Christmas rush.A.at guard B.on ears C.guard our attention D.on guard 6.She had had no training, but that ___________.A.didn’t stand in her way B.standing out of way C.moved from her way D.stood away the 7.While my wife and my children were away for the long weekend, __________.A.I alone in the house B.I alone had a house C.I had the entire house to myself 8.All our supply of food has __________.A.pass out B.out run C.run out D.run up 9.The children _________ in their father’s shop when things are busy.A.help to B.help on C.help away D.help out 10.In the West, people often __________ for mail-order goods, which can save a lot of time.A.sent out B.order C.send D.send away

11.__________ teaching in the school, Jane gives piano lessons to some children at home.A.Except B.In addition to C.But D.In addition 12.His excellent educational background _________ him for the job.A.qualifies B.promises C.encourages D.leads 13.When she learned that her son was killed in battle, the Mexican woman ___________ her tears with much difficulty.A.held back B.held up C.held out D.take back 14.If you think you can do the job, don’t hesitate, just __________.A.go away B.go over C.go ahead D.go off 15.It was under __________ that he agreed to resign from the committee.A.failure B.pressure C.control D.influence 16.Mr.Tyler used to eat with a napkin __________ under his chin.A.tighten B.slip C.issued D.tucked

17.The students experience severe __________ as final exams draw near.A.control B.pressure C.tension D.reaction 18.I little understood the pressure __________ her.A.on B.in C.at D.against 19.He ___________ that half an hour would be enough for him to get to the station, but he simply forgot that it was the rush hour.A.realized B.assumed C.admitted D.acknowledge 20.The police warned the children not to __________ the madman.A.approach B.beyond C.replace D.enroll

1.I knocked several times __________ an old man answered the door.A.as B.when C.while D.before

2.The medicine is __________ in dealing with cancer.A.little of use B.of little use C.of useful D.for little use 3.He was so _________ from things around him that I wondered whether he did listen to what I said just now.A.separated B.detached C.dispatched 4.Mrs.Smith went on a diet and in three months ___________ her weight to 100 pounds.A.brought back B.brought up C.brought down 5.What shall I do to ________ this _________ getting dirty? A.from…keeping B.keep…from C.keeping…from D.keep…on 6.I would _________ play tennis than football.A.quite B.simply C.rather D.like 7.They waved to one another till the train was __________.A.out of stock B.out of order C.out of sight D.out of action 8.I told the boy to __________.A.take easy B.take easily C.take it easy D.take it easily 9.Relax a bit.Don’t hold tight _________ yourself like that.A.to B.onto C.at D.into 10.Paul followed the doctor’s __________ as to when to give his son medicines.A.consideration B.conclusion C.regulation D.instruction 11.My relatives are ___________ all over the country.A.scattered B.excluded C.separated D.dispatched 12.Jane is __________ with cold so that her teeth are chattering.A.shaking B.shivering C.quaking D.shocking 13.Mary _________ with embarrassment when she couldn’t answer the question.A.shivered B.worried C.flushed D.scattered 14.The road was so slippery when the snow was frozen into ice that I nearly _______ down the mountain slope.A.tumbled B.slid C.walked D.stumbled 15.She felt __________ and did nothing but sleep the whole day.A.slack B.the slack C.slacking D.slackly

1._________ and they will take a mile.A.Give them an inch B.As Giving them an inch C.To give them an inch D.Give an inch them 2.The Americans spend Christmas Day __________ that the Europeans do.A.in much the way same B.in much the same way C.in more the same way 3.Fruits and vegetables __________ to our health greatly.A.tribute B.improved C.contribute D.led up 4.Daydreaming was __________ a waste of time.A.viewing B.taken C.viewed as D.impressed 5.I hope you will not _________ his work.A.communicate with B.compare with C.interfere with D.live with 6.You’ll never _________ anything if you spend your time that way!A.amount for B.accommodate with C.amount to D.accuse of 7.I wrote to ask him how he was getting along _________ his colleagues.A.with B.in C.to D.on 8.We must ___________ about our work or we’ll fall behind the schedule.A.bring B.go C.set D.come 9.Unfortunately, he died before his wish to be an astronaut could _________.A.come to B.come out C.come up D.come true

10.Johnney has been warned time and again that reading in bed will ________ his eyesight, but he just won’t listen.A.influence B.affect C.effect D.interfere 11.It seems to me that I have been __________ my duty.A.overlooking B.concealing C.neglecting D.ignoring 12.Great efforts are needed before we can __________ our goal of economic reform.A.acquire B.obtain C.attain D.gain 13.As it turned out, the speaker was shout down by the _________ crowd.A.hostile B.cold C.friendly D.hospitable 14.The quickest ___________ of travel is by plane.A.route B.technique C.means D.method 15.Guesswork is no ___________ for investigation.A.goal B.project C.achievement D.substitute

第二篇：北郵大學(xué)英語2答案

一、完形填空（共1道小題，共50.0分）

1.(錯誤)

I first saw the baby panda when she was only 10 days old.She looked like a white mouse.We ____1___her Xi Wang.It means “hope”.When Xi Wang was born, she weighed____2___100 grams.Xi Wang drank her mother’s milk for as much as 14 hours a day.When she was six months old, she started to eat bamboo shoots(嫩芽)and ____3____.Eight months later, she was not a small baby any more.She grew into a____4___young panda and weighed 35 kilos.When Xi Wang was 20 months old, she had to look after herself _____5___ her mother had another baby.____6_____, it is very difficult for pandas to live in the wild.Here are some of the _____7____that pandas like Xi Wang may have in the future.If hunters catch a panda, they will kill it for its fur.If farmers____8____trees and forests, pandas will have no place to live in.When mothers leave baby pandas alone, people will often take them away.People think that the baby pandas need ____9_____.If pandas are in danger, we should try our best to protect them.If we do____10_____, soon there will be no more pandas in the world!??

a.A.made B.called C.told D.kept 學(xué)生答

B;案: b.A.quite B.mostly

標準答

B

案: C.just D.very 學(xué)生答案: B;c.A.leaves B.vegetables C.trees D.chips 學(xué)生答案: D;d.A.strange B.weak C.famous D.healthy 學(xué)生答案: C;e.A.though B.until C.because D.whether 學(xué)生答案: C;f.A.Luckily B.Suddenly C.Sadly D.Especially 學(xué)生答案: D;g.A.examples

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案:

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案: 標準答

案: 標準答

案: 標準答

案: C

A

D

C

C B.questions C.subjects D.problems 學(xué)生答

A;案: h.A.cut down B.plant C.protect D.water 學(xué)生答

B;案: i.A.money B.help C.clothes D.family 學(xué)生答

C;案: j.A.nothing B.everything C.anything D.something 學(xué)生答

A;案:

試題分值：50.0 得分：[5, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5] 提示：[1]B.考查句意理解。本句大意是“我們稱呼它為‘希望’?！边@里只有B的意思適合。

[2]C.考查副詞辨析。本句的意思是“希望出生的時候重量______100克。”這里的空格處只能選擇C。“just”的意思是“只有”。其他幾個

標準答

A

案: 標準答

B

案: 標準答

A

案: 標準答

D

案: 選項的意思都不適合。

[3]A.考查句意理解和常識。本句意思是“希望6個月大的時候開始吃竹子嫩芽和______?！痹倏催x項的意思：leaves（葉子），vegetables（蔬菜），trees（樹木），chips（土豆片）。根據(jù)常識，我們知道熊貓吃竹葉，所以選擇A。[4]D.考查句意理解。本句意思是“她長成了一個_______年輕熊貓，重達35克。”這里選擇“healthy”，意思是“健康的”。[5]C.考查句意理解。本句大意是“當希望20個月大的時候，她就不得不照看自己了，______她媽媽又生了個熊貓寶寶?！边@里讓我們選擇連詞，“because”表示原因，用在這里最適合。

[6]C.考查句意理解。本句大意是“______，熊貓在野外生活會困難重重?！边x項的意思分別是：luckily（幸運地），suddenly（突然地），sadly（悲傷地，說來遺憾），especially（特別，尤其）。這里選擇C，其意思最適合此處。

[7]D.考查句意理解和詞匯辨析。本句大意是“這里有一些像希望這樣的熊貓將來可能會遇到的______?！焙苊黠@空格處的意思是“問題”。下一步就是要辨析“question”和“problem”的區(qū)別了。question 指主觀存在的“疑惑、疑問”，所以是需要“回答”（answer）的； problem 指客觀存在的和遇到的疑難問題，有時指較嚴重的問題，所以是需要“解決”（solve，work out）的。本句中指的是熊貓在生活中遇到的客觀問題，所以自然選擇D。

[8]A.考查句意理解。本句大意是“如果農(nóng)民________樹木和森林，那么熊貓就無處生活了?！边x項的意思是：cut down（砍伐），plant（種植），protect（保護），water（澆水）。顯然，此處應(yīng)該選擇A。[9]B.考查句意理解。本段這兩句大意是“如果熊貓媽媽離開了熊貓寶寶，人們通常會帶走這些熊貓寶寶。人們會認為這些寶寶需要_______?！彼膫€選項的意思分別是：money（錢），help（幫助），clothes（衣服）和family（家庭）。此處明顯選擇B最適合。[10]A.考查句意理解?！癲o

nothing”的意思是“什么都不做”。本句大意是“如果我們什么都不做，不久世界上就沒有熊貓了?！?/p>

二、單項選擇題（共10道小題，共50.0分）

1.He ___________ that half an hour would be enough for him to get to the station, but he simply forgot that it was the rush hour.A.realized B.assumed C.admitted D.acknowledge 知識點: Choice3

B 5.0 學(xué)生[B;] 標準答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選B，題目大意是“他主觀認為，半小時足夠他趕到火車站，但他忘了當時是在交通高峰期”。assume：take as a fact or as true without proof；suppose假定，設(shè)想，主觀認為 1.I assume that the misunderstanding will be cleared up.我認定這誤會會消除。2.It is a misconception to assume that the two 提示: continents are similar.關(guān)于這兩塊大陸相似的假設(shè)是一種誤解。3.If the package is wrapped well, we assume the contents are also wonderful.如果包裝精美，我們就會認為里面裝的也是好東西。4.If mistakes occurred, they were assumed to be the fault of the commander on the spot.如果出現(xiàn)了錯誤，就會認為是現(xiàn)場指揮官的失誤。

2.If you think you can do the job, don’t hesitate, just __________.A.go away B.go over C.go ahead D.go off 知識點: Choice3

C 5.0 學(xué)生答[C;] 標準答案: 案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 提示: 解析：該題選C，題目大意是“如果你認為你能做那工作，那就做吧，不要猶豫”。go ahead: advance;make progress 前進；著手做某事；盡管去做；不要等（常用于祈使句）1.“May I ask you a question？” “Yes，go ahead．”

“我可以問你一個問題嗎？“可以，問吧！” 2.The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead.警察檢查了這些車子，然后允許他們繼續(xù)前進。

3.He decided to go ahead with his research in spite of all the troubles it had 4.made to him.盡管研究給他帶來許多困難，但他還是繼續(xù)進行他的研究。4.The teacher told the students not to write on the paper yet，but John went ahead and wrote his name．老師還沒叫學(xué)生在紙上寫，約翰就已開始寫了他的名字。

3.4.When she learned that her son was killed in battle, the Mexican woman ___________ her tears with much difficulty.A.held back B.held up C.held out D.take back 知識點: Choice3

A 5.0 學(xué)生[A;] 標準答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選A，題目大意是“當這位墨西哥婦女得知她兒子在戰(zhàn)斗陣亡，她極力抑制住要奪眶而出的淚水”。

提示: hold back：control or restrain sb./sth.抑制住，忍?。ㄑ蹨I、笑聲等）1.She kept trying to hold back her tears.她一直在試圖抑制住眼淚。2.He could no longer hold back convulsive laughter.他再也忍不住，前俯后仰地大笑起來。3.I was close to tears with frustration, but I held back.我沮喪得快要哭出來，但我忍住了。

5.__________ teaching in the school, Jane gives piano lessons to some children at home.A.Except B.In addition to C.But D.In addition 知識Choice3 點: 學(xué)生[B;] 標準答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 試題分值:

B 5.0 解析：該題選B，題目大意是“除了在學(xué)校任教之外，珍妮還在家里給一些孩子上鋼琴課”。in addition和in addition to的不同

in addition to和in addition都是很常見很常用的短語，都有“除了、還有”的意思，但它們的用法是完全不同的，所以今天我們就來區(qū)分一下。In addition to整個詞組相當于一個介詞，所以to的后面要接賓語。例如: In addition to native plants, this garden 提示: contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.除了當?shù)氐闹参镏?，這座花園還有無數(shù)來自海外的花草樹木。

In addition相當于副詞，通常放在從句的句首，后面接完整的句子。例如：

This garden has the best collection of native plants.In addition, it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.這座花園有當?shù)刂参锏淖罴颜洳?。另外，它還有無數(shù)來自海外的花草樹木。6.7.While my wife and my children were away for the long weekend, __________.A.I alone in the house B.I alone had a house C.I had the entire house to myself D.I got a house to myself 知識點: Choice3

C 5.0 學(xué)生[C;] 標準答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選C，題目大意是“當妻子兒女去渡長的周末，我就一人獨占了整座房子。have sth.to oneself：be able to use, enjoy, etc sb./sth.without others獨享，獨用 1.When we move 提示: into the new house, I can have a room to myself.我們搬進新家后，我就能有一間自己的屋子了。

2.When she eats in a restaurant, she likes to have a table to herself.當她在餐館吃飯的時候，她喜歡一個人單獨坐一張桌子。8.9.I told the boy to __________.A.take easy B.take easily C.take it easy D.take it easily 知識點: Choice4

C 5.0 學(xué)生[C;] 標準答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選C，題目大意是“我告訴男孩不要緊提示: 張”。

take it easy：not to work too hard;not to worry too much松弛，不緊張, 不著急，從容 1.You will do better if you take it easy.假如你放松點，你會做得更好。2.Take it easy, all sufferings have their reward.別著急，會苦盡甘來的。3.Take it easy.You still have 10 minutes to finish it.別著急，你還有十分鐘時間。4.If I were you, I would take it easy;there is no need to be so nervous.我要是你的話，就會放松點，沒必要那么緊張。

10.11.I would _________ play tennis than football.A.quite B.simply C.rather D.like 知識Choice4 點: 學(xué)生[C;] 標準答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 試題分值:

C 5.0 解析：該題選C，題目大意是“我寧愿打網(wǎng)球，而不踢足球”。

“would rather + 動詞原形”表示“寧愿”，是英語中常見的一個慣用句式，美國英語中多用had rather。would(had)在此決無“過去”之意，它是一個情態(tài)助動詞，且無詞性、時態(tài)變化。

1.He’d rather work in the countryside.她提示: 寧可到農(nóng)村去工作。2.Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music.李先生不愿意聽搖滾音樂。

3.If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here.如果你寧愿獨自呆著，那我們 都離開這兒。4.You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.今晚你最好 呆在家中讀點書。

5.You can go out and enjoy yourself if you like, but I would rather stay home and read.如果你愿意你可以外出去玩，但我寧愿呆在家里讀書。

如果在兩者中進行取舍，表示“寧愿??而不愿??，與其??寧可??”的意思時，則可用would rather?than?或would?rather than?的句型，例如 1.I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我寧可在家看電視而不愿去看電影。

2.The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子們寧愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽車。

注：在would rather?than?句型中，rather與than后都應(yīng)跟不帶to的動詞不定式。

12.13.What shall I do to ________ this _________ getting dirty? A.from?keeping B.keep?from C.keeping?from D.keep?on

知識點: Choice4

B 5.0 學(xué)生[B;] 標準答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選B，題目大意是“我該怎樣防止這東西不被弄臟呢”？ keep sb / sth from +分詞：是阻止，妨礙的意思

1.I hope you will keep from doing anything 提示: rash.我希望你不要做出任何魯莽的事情來。

2.I horse around quite a lot, just to keep from getting bored.我胡鬧了一陣兒，只是為了擺脫厭煩。

3.Hearing the words, he couldn′t keep from laughing.聽了這話，他不由得笑了起來。14.15.Mrs.Smith went on a diet and in three months ___________ her weight to 100 pounds.A.brought back B.brought up C.brought down D.brought about 知識點: Choice4

C 5.0 學(xué)生[C;] 標準答案: 答案: 得分: [5] 試題分值: 解析：該題選C，題目大意是“史密斯太太限制飲食，四個月下來就把體重降到一百磅”。

bring down：reduce；cause to fall 減少，降低 1.bring down the temperature降低溫度 2.bring down the income taxes降低所得稅

提示: 3.Zhang li went on a diet and in three months brought down her weight to 50 kilos.張莉節(jié)制飲食，三個月把體重減到了五十公斤。4.The nurse gave him an injection to bring down the temperature.護士給他注射了一針，以降低體溫。

16.I knocked several times __________ an old man answered the door.A.as B.when C.while D.before 知識點: Choice4

D 學(xué)生答[D;] 標準答案: 案: 得分: [5] 試題分值:

5.0 解析：該題選D，題目大意是“我敲了好幾遍門，才有一位老人來應(yīng)門”。

連詞before引出從句, 全句可譯為:“以后?才”、“?然后才”、“?(之后)才” 1.It will be months before he is fit for the job.還得幾提示: 個月之后，他才能適應(yīng)這項工作。2.We waited five hours before the runway was cleared of heavy snow and made ready for take-off.我們足足等了5個小時，才有人清掃完跑道上的積雪，準備好飛機起飛。17.

第三篇：北郵網(wǎng)院英語答案

一、閱讀理解（共1道小題，共25.0分）?

William Henry Harrison, the ninth President of the United States, was born in a small town.As a boy, he was quiet and shy.In fact, he was so quiet that everyone thought he was stupid.Because of that, the people of the town liked to play jokes on him.“Here, William,” one of them would say.“Here is a nickel(五美分硬幣), and here is a dime（十美分硬幣）.Which one do you want?” He always chose the nickel, and then they all laughed at him.Finally, his mother took him aside and said to him, “I know that you are a smart boy, but sometimes you let people think you are not so smart.Why do you always choose the nickels instead of the dime? Don't you know that a dime is worth much more than a nickel?”

“Certainly, I know it,” William answered slowly.“But if I choose the dime, they won't play the trick on me any more.Then I won’t get any more nickels.”

William Henry Harrison was born_____.? ? ? ? in a big city on a farm in the countryside in a small town People thought he was stupid because ______.? ? ? ? he did poorly at school he was so quiet he always asked foolish questions he was afraid of others Whenever people played tricks on him, he was asked to_____.? ? ? ? laugh at himself make faces choose between a nickel and a dime tell right from wrong His mother took him aside and asked why _____.? he always chose the nickel instead of the dime ? he didn’t know that a dime was worth more than a nickel ? people played the same trick on him ? he failed to let people know how smart he was We can infer from the story that William Henry Harrison was ______.? ? ? ?

試題分值：25.0 得分：[5, 5, 5, 5, 5] ? 提示：[1]D.細節(jié)題。本題問“William Henry Harrison出生于______?！敝行脑~是“was born”，答案在第一段的第一句，該句告訴我們William出生于一個小鎮(zhèn)，所以答案是D。

[2]B.細節(jié)題。本題問“人們認為他非常笨，這是因為_______?！敝行脑~是“thought he was stupid”，答案在第一段的最后一句，該句大意是“當他還是個孩子的時候，他不喜歡說話而且很害羞。實際上，他是如此的安靜以至于別人都認為他很笨”。據(jù)此可知答案是B。[3]C.細節(jié)題。本題問“每當人們想和他開玩笑的時候，人們就讓他_______?！敝行脑~是“played tricks on him”，答案在第二段和第三段，只不過第二段中出現(xiàn)的是“play jokes on him”，這兩個詞組意思相近。第二段大意是“就因為這個，所以人們喜歡開他的玩笑?！钡谌蔚拇笠馐恰坝腥藭f：‘過來，William。這里有一個5美分硬幣和一個10美分的硬幣。你想選擇哪一個？’”根據(jù)這兩段，我們可以知道答案是C。[4]A.細節(jié)題。本題問“他媽媽將他帶到一旁問他為什么_______。”答案在第五段，該段大意是“最后，他媽媽將他帶到一旁對他說道：‘我知道你是個聰明的孩子，但是有些時候你讓別人覺得你不是那么聰明。為什么你總是選擇5美分的硬幣而不選擇10美分的呢？難道你不知道10美分的硬幣比5美分的值錢嗎？’”據(jù)此可知答案是A。

[5]D.推斷題。本題問“從故事中我們可以推測出William Henry Harrison是______?！贝鸢冈谧詈笠欢?，該段大意是“William慢慢地回答道：‘我當然知道。但是，如果我選擇了10美分的硬幣，他們就不會再和我開玩笑了。這樣的話，我就再也得不到5美分的硬幣了。’”據(jù)此可知答案是D（聰明的）。

二、單項選擇題（共15道小題，共75.0分）?

Many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will ___________a corresponding rise in cheating.? lead at ? result foolish naughty silent clever ? lead to ? consequent 知識第一部分

點: 學(xué)生答[C;] 案:

標準答

C;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選C，題目大意是“很多教育學(xué)家擔(dān)心，更多地利用州級考試將會導(dǎo)致作弊的相應(yīng)增加?！?/p>

提示: lead to：導(dǎo)致

Smoking can lead to lung cancer.抽煙可能導(dǎo)致肺癌。

What if my auto-repair man devised questions ___________an intelligence test? ? ? ? ? with for to at

標準答

B;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選B，題目大意是“假定讓我的汽車修理師來為智力測驗設(shè)計題目將會怎么樣？” what if：如果??將會怎么樣

1.What if it is true? 如果這是真的又該如提示: 何呢？

2.What if he doesn′t agree? 如果他不同意該怎么辦呢？

3.What if he comes back now? 如果他現(xiàn)在回來怎么辦？

In the test I scored 160 ___________a normal of 100.? at ? with ? against 知識第一部分

點: 學(xué)生答[B;] 案: ? in 知識第一部分

點: 學(xué)生答[C;] 案:

標準答

C;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選C，題目大意是“在標準得分為100的情況下，我得了160分?！?score：及物動詞 vt.1.(體育比賽中)得(分)，記(分)；使得分

提示: He only scored nine hundred marks.他只得九百分。

2.(考試等中)得(分)Mary scored the highest marks on the exam.瑪麗考試中得了個最高分。

Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing ___________ jobs.? ? ? ? routine rural racial rude

標準答

A;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選A，題目大意是“那些從事例行工作的人們特別懂得贊揚的意義?！?/p>

routine：形容詞 a.日常的，例行的，常規(guī)的

提示: 1.a routine medical examination 常規(guī)體格檢查

2.Routine office jobs have no relish at all for me.我對坐辦公室那種刻板的工作毫無興趣。

I can live for two months ___________a good compliment.? by ? with ? on 知識第一部分

點: 學(xué)生答[A;] 案: ? at 知識第二部分

點: 學(xué)生答[C;] 案:

標準答

C;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選C，題目大意是“一句贊美的話我就可以活上兩個月?！?/p>

live on：靠吃---生活，靠---維持生活

提示: 1.live on wild plants靠吃野菜生活

2.A panda lives on bamboo leaves.熊貓以吃竹葉為生。

Students in the last century read stories that taught ________ lessons.? ? ? ? moral more mortal morale

標準答

A;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選A，題目大意是“上個世紀的學(xué)生讀的都是些傳授道德標準的故事?！?moral： 形容詞 a.1.道德(上)的

提示: He refused the request on moral grounds.基于道德上的考慮,他拒絕了這個請求。2.講道德的，品性端正的

My grandmother was a very moral woman;she′d never allow cursing.我祖母是很講究道德的人；她從不允許詛咒。

His former secretary ________ him with sexual harassment.? blamed ? criticized 知識第二部分

點: 學(xué)生答[A;] 案: ? accused ? charged 知識第二部分

點: 學(xué)生答[D;] 案:

標準答

D;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選D，題目大意是“他從前的女秘書指控他性騷擾?！?/p>

charge：及物動詞 vt.控告，指控

提示: 1.He was charged with stealing.他被控犯有偷竊行為。

2.The police charged him with car theft.警方以偷車罪指控他。

Six ________ ten people in Beijing have seen the movie Titanic.? ? ? ? out out off out of out to

標準答

C;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選C，題目大意是“在北京，十個人中有六個人已經(jīng)看了電影《泰坦尼克號》”

提示: out of：from among其中，??之中

One person out of five the world is Chinese.世界五分之一的人是中國人。

All but Alice and I ________ going to the theatre this evening.? ? ? ?

知are be am is 知識第二部分

點: 學(xué)生答[C;] 案: 識第二部分

標準答

A;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選A，題目大意是“今晚除了愛麗絲和我，提示: 大家都去看戲了?！?/p>

Everything _________ except salaries.? ? ? ? went went up went to went from 點: 學(xué)生答[A;] 案:

標準答

B;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選B，題目大意是“除了工資之外，所有都在漲價?！?/p>

go up：rise；increase上升；增加

提示: 1.I see cigarettes are going up again.我發(fā)現(xiàn)香煙又漲價了。

2.Crime rate tends to go up if the economy collapses.經(jīng)濟崩潰的時候犯罪率常上升。

The boy ___________ at the dinner party last Sunday and was sick.? ? ? ? overweight overload overate over and ate 知識第二部分

點: 學(xué)生答[B;] 案: 知識第二部分

點: 學(xué)生答[C;] 案:

標準答

C;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 提示: 該題選C，題目大意是“男孩在上周日的晚宴上吃得過飽，于是病倒了?！?/p>

overeat：暴食；吃得過量；吃撐

1.He is advised not to overeat.有人勸他不要吃得太多。

2.And skipping meals tends to make you overeat later.不吃飯會讓你有暴食的傾向。3.Generally, you shouldn′t overeat yourself before sleeping.一般說來睡覺之前你不能吃得過飽。

We all thought _________ a pity that you were unable to watch the game.? ? ? ? it which that what

標準答

A;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選A，題目大意是“你沒能觀看這場比賽，我們認為很遺憾?！?/p>

英語中會出現(xiàn)用it 作形式賓語，放在動詞后面，而將真正的賓語，賓語從句或作賓語的不定式置于句末的情況。又如：

1.People find it more and more difficult to get a job nowadays.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)當下找工作越來提示: 越難了。（不定式作賓語）

2.We all thought it a pity that you were unable to attend the party.我們?yōu)槟悴荒軈⒓舆@次聚會，而深感遺憾。（從句作賓語）

3.I regard it as important that everyone of us should be punctual.我們每個人都必須嚴格守時，我認為這一點很重要。（從句作賓語）

_______ exchanges are an important part of cultural exchanges between two countries.? Previous ? Uneasy ? Academic 知識第二部分

點: 學(xué)生答[A;] 案: ? Divine 知識第二部分

點: 學(xué)生答[C;] 案:

標準答

C;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選C，題目大意是“學(xué)術(shù)交流是這兩個國家文化交流的重要部分?！?/p>

academic：學(xué)院的；學(xué)術(shù)的；理論的

1.With my strong academic background, I am 提示: competent.依我良好的學(xué)術(shù)背景,我能勝任。

2.During the past four years I have had a good deal of academic experience in communications technology.四年來,我掌握了豐富的通信技術(shù)上的理論知識。

If you give up music, you’ll waste your _______.? ? ? ? comment talent diploma intent

標準答

B;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選B，題目大意是“如果你放棄音樂，你就是浪費了你的天賦?！?/p>

提示: talent：名詞 n.天才，天資

He had a talent for music.他有音樂天才。

Shops should not _______ defective goods on customers.? ? ? ?

知foster forge forsake foist 知識第二部分

點: 學(xué)生答[B;] 案: 識第二部分 點: 學(xué)生答[D;] 案:

標準答

D;

案: 試題分得分: [5] 5.0

值: 該題選D，題目大意是“商店不應(yīng)該把劣質(zhì)商品推銷給顧客?！?foist ? to：騙售

提示: The shopkeeper foisted a box of broken biscuits on the old lady.店主把一箱子碎餅干騙售給了那老婦人。

第四篇：北郵網(wǎng)院《管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)題分析

《管理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)》復(fù)習(xí)題

（答案參見實時授課課件、教材等相關(guān)教學(xué)資源）

一、單項選擇題：（在下列四個選項中選擇一個正確的選項。）1.被譽為科學(xué)管理之父的是（A）。

A.泰勒 B.法約爾 C.韋伯 D.梅奧 2.營銷人員的營銷策劃能力屬于管理者的（A）。A.技術(shù)技能 B.人際技能 C.概念技能 D.分析技能

3.管理具有與生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、社會制度相聯(lián)系的一面，這指的是管理的（B）。A.自然屬性 B.社會屬性 C.科學(xué)性 D.藝術(shù)性 4.“彈性計劃”體現(xiàn)了計劃工作的（C）。A.限定因素原理 B.許諾原理 C.靈活性原理 D.改變航道原理

5.某公司在2012年年初的工作會議上提出，力爭在本實現(xiàn)利潤2億元。如果從計劃工作的表現(xiàn)形式看，此計劃屬于（D）。

A.戰(zhàn)略 B.宗旨 C.規(guī)劃 D.目標

6.某項目網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖如下，且該項目的活動關(guān)系與時間耗費如圖所示（單位：天），該項目的關(guān)鍵路線是（D）。

A．A—D—J B．B—F—H—J C．A—E—H—J D．C—I—J 7.企業(yè)進行環(huán)境分析時，常用的分析方法是（A）。A．PEST分析法 B.波特五力模型 C.SWOT分析法 D.波士頓矩陣法

8.直線型結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點是（A）。

A.結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，權(quán)力集中，責(zé)任分明，命令統(tǒng)一，聯(lián)系簡捷

B.分工較細，能夠適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代組織技術(shù)比較復(fù)雜和管理分工較細的特點 C.實行了集權(quán)與分權(quán)的較優(yōu)結(jié)合 D.集中決策，分散經(jīng)營

9.下列最適宜采用矩陣式組織結(jié)構(gòu)的是（C）。A.汽車制造廠 B.醫(yī)院 C.電視劇制作中心 D.學(xué)校

10.某貿(mào)易進出口公司設(shè)有：市場開發(fā)部、人力資源部、公關(guān)部、質(zhì)檢部、財務(wù)部等，該公司是采用（B）來設(shè)置部門的。

A.地區(qū)部門化 B.職能部門化 C.顧客部門化 D.過程部門化

11．一家超級市場分為以下幾個部門：日用雜物、肉類、冷凍食品、瓜果蔬菜、乳制品。該超市是按照（B）來劃分部門的。

A．職能 B．產(chǎn)品 C．地區(qū) D．顧客

12.將直線人員原來屬于自己行使的直線權(quán)力委托給參謀人員去行使的那部分權(quán)力稱為（B）。

A.直線職權(quán) B.參謀職權(quán) C.職能職權(quán) D.輔助職權(quán)

13．根據(jù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)壽命周期理論，適用于下屬低成熟度的情況，由領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者告訴下屬應(yīng)該干什么、怎么干以及何時何地干的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格是（A）。A．命令型領(lǐng)導(dǎo) B．說服型領(lǐng)導(dǎo) C．參與型領(lǐng)導(dǎo) D．授權(quán)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

14.按照費德勒模型，當組織內(nèi)上下級關(guān)系好、任務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)明確、職位權(quán)力強時，應(yīng)選擇的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者類型是（A）。

A.任務(wù)取向型 B.關(guān)系取向型 C.工作與人際關(guān)系并重型 D.以領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者為中心型 15.通過人格魅力來影響和改變下屬的做法，利用的是（B）。

A.權(quán)力性影響力 B.非權(quán)力性影響力 C.職位影響力 D.行為影響力

16.在構(gòu)成領(lǐng)導(dǎo)影響力的各項權(quán)力中，屬于非職權(quán)影響力的有（A）。A.法定權(quán) B.強制權(quán)

C.專長權(quán)

D.獎賞權(quán) 17.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)生命周期理論提出的變量因素是（A）。A.下屬的成熟度 B.任務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu) C.上下級關(guān)系 D.職位權(quán)力

18.按照雙因素理論，諸如管理政策、福利待遇等能夠?qū)е聠T工對工作不滿意的因素屬于（A）。

A.保健因素 B.激勵因素 C.工作因素 D.制度因素 19.“挨餓的藝術(shù)家”與（）理論相矛盾。A．馬期洛的需求層次理論 B．期望理論 C．雙因素理論 D．公平理論

20.目前，有關(guān)反腐敗題材的電影《生死抉擇》引起轟動。各個單位的組織或宣傳部門組織黨員和干部及家屬進行觀看，并進行觀后討論。這種行為屬于（B）。A.現(xiàn)場控制 B.反饋控制 C.前饋控制 D.事后控制

二、判斷題：（判斷下列各題的正確性，正確打“ √”，錯誤打“?”。）1.管理是一門藝術(shù)，管理實踐具有創(chuàng)造性。[對] 2.對于高層管理者來說，其擁有的最重要技能應(yīng)是技術(shù)技能。?

3.科學(xué)管理的主要內(nèi)容包括：工作定額與標準化，差別計件工資制，職能工長制和例外原則等。[對] 4.組織行為理論是由人際關(guān)系學(xué)說發(fā)展而來的。[] 5.在霍桑實驗的基礎(chǔ)上，梅奧提出了職工是“經(jīng)濟人”而不是“社會人”的觀點。[錯]

6.X理論認為人們有消極的工作源動力，而Y理論則認為人們有積極的工作源動力。[對] 3

7.古人所說的“運籌帷幄”，是對管理決策職能的最形象的概括。[對] 8.計劃按職能可以劃分生產(chǎn)計劃、營銷計劃、財務(wù)計劃、人事計劃等。[對] 9.按照限定因素原理，計劃必須有期限要求。錯 10.靈活性原理是指制定計劃時要留有余地，而執(zhí)行計劃一般不應(yīng)有靈活性。對 11.在企業(yè)面臨外部威脅并且明顯處于劣勢的時候，企業(yè)應(yīng)選擇的戰(zhàn)略方案是防御型戰(zhàn)略。[對] 12.網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃法既是一種計劃技術(shù)，又是一種有效的控制手段。對

13.“田忌賽馬”是一個流傳了幾千年的膾炙人口的故事，內(nèi)中的道理體現(xiàn)了揚長避短戰(zhàn)略原則。[對] 14.目標管理的目的之一是讓下屬在目標的制定過程中參與進來，共同達成各項工作目標。[對] 15.銀行設(shè)立商業(yè)信貸部屬于職能部門化。[對] 16.扁平型是一種管理跨度比較小的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。[錯] 17.管理寬度與管理層次之間存在反比關(guān)系。較大的寬度意味著較少的層次，較小的寬度意味著較多的層次。[對] 18.軍隊陸軍的集團軍、師、（旅，其直屬于集團軍）、團、營、連、排、班是按人數(shù)來進行劃分的。[對] 19.參謀部門通常應(yīng)是專業(yè)性質(zhì)的，參謀人員都應(yīng)是某些業(yè)務(wù)的專家[對]。20.直線型結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點是結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，權(quán)力集中，責(zé)任分明，命令統(tǒng)一，聯(lián)系簡捷。[對] 21.組織結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計成果包括組織圖、職位說明書和組織手冊。[對] 22.授權(quán)就是把一部分權(quán)利分散給下屬，同時也將相應(yīng)的責(zé)任分散下去。[錯] 23．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要具有指揮、協(xié)調(diào)和激勵三個方面的作用。[對] 24．領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可以不運用正式權(quán)力來影響他人的活動。[對] 25.根據(jù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)壽命周期理論，說服型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格適用于下屬低成熟度的情況，由領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者告訴下屬應(yīng)該干什么、怎么干以及何時何地干。[錯] 26.按照需要層次理論，管理者要激勵某個員工，就必須了解此人目前所處的需要層次，然后著重滿足這一層次或在此層次之上的需要。[對] 4

27.赫茨伯格認為管理者首先應(yīng)確保足夠的保健因素，然后創(chuàng)造機會為職工提供激勵因素。[對] 28.口頭溝通最基本的優(yōu)點在于其準確性。[錯] 29.書面溝通的問題之一在于反饋速度慢。對 30.公告牌是向下溝通的常用方式之一。[對]

三、名詞解釋：

1.目標：是根據(jù)企業(yè)宗旨提出的企業(yè)在一定時期內(nèi)所達到的預(yù)期成果。2.組織結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計：就是先反為實現(xiàn)組織目標而需完成的工作，不斷劃分為若干性質(zhì)不同的業(yè)務(wù)工作，再把這些工作‘組合’成若干部門，并規(guī)定各部門的職責(zé)與職權(quán)?？傊?，組織結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計就是對級織內(nèi)的層次、部門和職權(quán)進行合理的劃分。3.許諾原理：任何一項計劃都是對完成各項工作所做出的許諾，許諾越大，實現(xiàn)許諾的時間越長，實現(xiàn)許諾的可能性就越小。計劃必須有期限的要求。

4.管理寬度：也稱“管理跨度”或“管理幅度”，指的是一名主管人員有效地監(jiān)督、管理其直接下屬的人數(shù)是有限的。

5.扁平結(jié)構(gòu)：就是管理層次少而管理寬大的結(jié)構(gòu)。

6.授權(quán)： 就是指上級委授給下屬一定的權(quán)力，使下屬在一定的監(jiān)督之下，有相當?shù)淖灾鳈?quán)和行動權(quán)。

7.集權(quán)：意味著職權(quán)集中到較高的管理層次。

8.組織圖：也稱組織樹，它用圖形的方式表示組織內(nèi)的職權(quán)關(guān)系的主要職能。9.參謀職權(quán)：是參謀所擁有的輔助性職權(quán)，包括提供咨詢和建議等。

10.職能職權(quán)：指參謀人員或某部門的主管人員所擁有的原屬直線主管的那部分權(quán)力。

11.正式溝通：在組織系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部，以組織原則和組織管理制度為依據(jù)，通過組織管理渠道進行信息傳遞和交流。

12.管理控制： 指管理者要對員工的活動進行監(jiān)督，判定組織是否正朝著既定的目標健康地向前發(fā)展。并在必要時及時采取矯正措施。

四、簡答題：

1.簡述霍桑試驗的結(jié)論。{答}改變監(jiān)督與控制的方法能改善人際關(guān)系，能必進工人的工作態(tài)度，促進產(chǎn)量的提高。

2．權(quán)變組織理論的核心是什么？{答}就是力圖研究級織的各子系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部和各子系統(tǒng)之間的相互聯(lián)系，以及級織和它所處的環(huán)境之間的聯(lián)系，并確定各種變數(shù)的關(guān)系類型和結(jié)構(gòu)類型。

3．什么是目標管理？{答}它是以重視成果的管理電想為基礎(chǔ)，由成果的生產(chǎn)者，包擡主管人員及下屬共同參與制定一定時間內(nèi)每個人必須達成的各項工作目標，明確相應(yīng)的責(zé)任和職權(quán)，每個人朝著這些目標，自覺工作、自我控制，并定期進行考核評價，實行反饋，管理人員以有效實現(xiàn)預(yù)定目標為中心進行管理的一種體制和方法。4．什么是直式結(jié)構(gòu)？它的弊端主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面？{答} 就是管理層次多而管理寬度少的結(jié)構(gòu)。它的弊端主要體現(xiàn)在管理層次越多，需要從事管理的人員迅速增加，彼此之間的協(xié)調(diào)工作也急劇增加，互相糾纏的事會層出不窮；各項開支也相應(yīng)增多，上下之間的意見不能很好溝通和交流；最高層制定的目標、政策、計劃傳達到下層有時會變了樣；上層管理者對下層的控制變得困難，易造成一個單位整體性的破裂；同時則于管理嚴密，而影響下級人員的主動性和創(chuàng)造性。

5．什么是集權(quán)？什么是分權(quán)？如何判定集權(quán)或分權(quán)的程度？{答}集權(quán)就是職權(quán)集中到較高的管理層次。分權(quán)則表示職權(quán)分散到整個組織中。一般來說，集權(quán)或分權(quán)的程度，常常根據(jù)各管理層次擁有的決策權(quán)的情況來衡量。

6．什么是非正式溝通？其優(yōu)缺點是什么？{答} 在正式渠道之外，通過非正式的溝通渠道和網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行信息交流，常用來傳遞和分享組織正式活動之外的“非官方”信息。

五、論述題

1.結(jié)合企業(yè)實際，運用PEST分析方法對企業(yè)的宏觀環(huán)境進行分析。教材P115 2.什么是SWOT分析？如何進行SWOT分析？{答} SWOT分析應(yīng)時把組織內(nèi)外環(huán)境所形成的機會、風(fēng)險與威脅、優(yōu)勢和劣勢4個方面的情況，結(jié)合起來進行分析，以尋找制定適合本組織實際情況的經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略和策略。（1）運用各種調(diào)查研究方法，分析出組 6

織所處的各種環(huán)境因素，即外部環(huán)境因素和內(nèi)部能力因素。（2）通過SWOT矩陣制定對策。

3.馬斯洛需要層次理論的主要觀點是什么？{答}一是人人都有需要，某層需要獲得滿足后，另一層需要才出現(xiàn)；二是在多種需要未獲滿足前，首先滿足迫切需要；該需要滿足后，后面的需要才顯示出其激勵作用。

五、案例分析：

案例1：李莉扮演的角色（教材P9）

李莉是某市有名的女強人，典型的職業(yè)女性，擔(dān)任某賓館的總經(jīng)理已經(jīng)10年了。該賓館為商務(wù)和旅游旅行者提供高質(zhì)量的旅館服務(wù)，現(xiàn)擁有150名員工，4個部門，每年上繳國家利稅2000多萬元。

李莉信奉“業(yè)精于勤”這四個字。2010年3月12日，她早上5:00起床，5:30上路，16分鐘后到達辦公室，一天的工作開始了：

5:46 李莉開始瀏覽報紙。

6:00 李莉召開高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子碰頭會。會議的議題是：由運營副總經(jīng)理匯報全面質(zhì)量管理計劃的進展情況；討論資金預(yù)算情況；解決第二分部春節(jié)期間由于供熱系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)問題而引起的顧客投訴；針對今年的“五一黃金周”如何做廣告來提高賓館的收入。

7:30 參加公司的早操、早歌。李莉認為這是企業(yè)文化的一項主要內(nèi)容，早操鍛煉身體，早歌凝聚人心。10年來，她基本上是利用這個時間和這種形式激勵員工，使每位員工一天都有好心情和奮斗力。

7:50 李莉坐上前往第三分部的汽車。雖然總部有計算機決策支持系統(tǒng)，可以幫助她根據(jù)各分部的入住率、客戶投訴次數(shù)和其他服務(wù)質(zhì)量指標來評估業(yè)績，但她仍然堅持每月一次實地考察。她說：“走動管理至少有三個好處：一是可以直接獲得計算機不能提供的、更可靠的信息；二是可以激勵員工、振奮人心；三是可以拉近與顧客的距離，使我更加準確地知道他們想要什么樣的服務(wù)?！?:40到達目的地，她走訪了每位員工及一些顧客，與他們進行了親切的交談，對于他們提出的問題，都進行了記錄，以備改進。后來又察看了分部的餐廳、游藝廳等。

11:30 視察結(jié)束，李莉吃完簡單的午餐后，于13:00 回到辦公室，準備寫演講稿。

13:30 秘書進來告訴她某裝飾公司的胡經(jīng)理來了。李莉想公司是胡經(jīng)理的老客戶，以前胡經(jīng)理對公司非常優(yōu)惠，裝修質(zhì)量也不錯，但最近裝飾材料價格上漲，公司若按以前的報價，胡經(jīng)理肯定不會承攬即將進行的總部翻新工程。翻新工程不大，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子決定預(yù)算在30萬元，假如胡經(jīng)理不同意這個價格，公司將在全市招標，她知道畢竟他們也不想失去老客戶。

15:00 送走胡經(jīng)理后，李莉的注意力又回到了演講稿上。16:00 演講稿完成。李莉喜歡像今天這樣緊張而有序的日子。問題：作為管理者，李莉在這一天中都扮演了哪些角色？ {答}{監(jiān)督、傳播、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、聯(lián)絡(luò)、發(fā)言人、代表人、談判人} 案例2：

某地方生產(chǎn)傳統(tǒng)工藝品的企業(yè)，伴隨著我國對外開放政策，逐漸發(fā)展壯大起來，銷售額和出口額近十年來平均增長15%以上，員工也由原來的不足200人增加到了2000多人。但企業(yè)一直采用過去的類似直線型的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，企業(yè)一把手王廠長既管銷售，又管生產(chǎn)，是一個多面全能型的管理者。最近，企業(yè)發(fā)生了一些事情，讓王廠長應(yīng)接不暇。其一：生產(chǎn)基本是按訂單生產(chǎn)，基本由廠長傳達生產(chǎn)指令。碰到交貨緊，往往是廠長帶頭，和員工一起挑燈夜戰(zhàn)。雖然按時交貨，但質(zhì)量不過關(guān)，產(chǎn)品被退回，并被要求索賠；其二：以前企業(yè)招聘人數(shù)少，所以王廠長一人就可以決定了，現(xiàn)在每年要招收大中專學(xué)生近50人，還要牽涉到人員的培訓(xùn)等，以前的做法就不行了；其三：過去總是王廠長臨時抓人去做后勤等工作，現(xiàn)在這方面工作太多，臨時抓人去做，已經(jīng)做不了也做不好了。凡此種種，以前有效的管理方法已經(jīng)失去作用了。

問題：請從組織工作的角度說明企業(yè)存在的問題，并提出建議。

案例3： 小道消息傳播帶來的問題

斯坦福德航空公司是美國西北部一個發(fā)展迅速的航空公司。然而，最近在其總部發(fā)生了一系列的傳聞。公司總經(jīng)理波利想出賣自己的股票，但又想保住自己的總 8

經(jīng)理的職務(wù)，這是公開的秘密了。他為公司制定了兩個經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略方案：一個是把航空公司的附屬單位賣掉；另一個是利用現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)重新振興發(fā)展。他自己曾經(jīng)對兩個方案的利弊進行了認真分析，并委托副總經(jīng)理本查明提出一個參考意見。本查明曾為此起草了一份備忘錄，然后叫秘書比利打印。比利打印完即到職工咖啡廳去。在喝咖啡時比利碰到了另一位副總經(jīng)理肯尼特，并把這一秘密告訴了他。

比利對肯尼特悄悄地說：“我得到了一個最新消息。他們正在準備成立另外一個航空公司。他們雖說不會裁減員工，但是，我們應(yīng)聯(lián)合起來，有所準備?。俊边@些話又被辦公室的通訊員聽到了。他又高興地立即把這消息告訴他的上司巴巴拉。巴巴拉又為此事寫了一個備忘錄給負責(zé)人事的副總經(jīng)理馬丁。馬丁也加入了他們的聯(lián)合陣線，并認為公司應(yīng)保證兌現(xiàn)其不裁減員工的諾言。

第二天，比利正在打印兩份備忘錄。備忘錄又被路過辦公室探聽消息的摩羅看見了，摩羅隨即跑到辦公室說：“我真不敢相信公司會做出這樣的事情，我們要賣給航空公司了，而且要大量削減員工呢！”

這消息傳來傳去，3天后又傳回總經(jīng)理波利的耳朵里。波利也接到了許多不友好甚至是故意的電話和信件，人們紛紛指責(zé)他企圖違背諾言而大批解雇工人，有的人也表示為與別的公司聯(lián)合而感到高興，而波利則被弄得迷惑不解。問題：

1、總經(jīng)理波利怎樣才能使問題得到澄清？{答}首先，波利要多方了解，弄清事情的來龍去脈。然后給各部門印發(fā)了他為公司制定的兩個戰(zhàn)略方案，讓各部門的負責(zé)人將兩個方案發(fā)布給全體職工，并召集全公司的職工開會討論這兩個方案。向職工說明事情的真相，掃除職工的后顧之憂。

3、你認為應(yīng)該采取什么態(tài)度對待非正式溝通問題？{答}應(yīng)采取坦誠、大度、理解的態(tài)度對待非正式溝通問題。

第五篇：大學(xué)英語3期末考試復(fù)習(xí)題

大學(xué)英語3詞匯選擇練習(xí)題

第一單元選擇題

1.It __________that the necklace was made of glass.A.turned out

2.___________, he can finish the work in a couple of weeks.C.Given good health

3.___________ to speak at the meeting, I couldn’t very well refuse.D.Called on 4.The poor police had never __________ of winning.C.stood a chance

5.If our neighbor continues to refuse to keep his dog under control, we have to take him to ___________.D.court 6.I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make ___________.B.a pair

7.In the past few years my aunt ___________ enough money to buy a house.A.has saved up 8.Our train is __________ in Beijing at 9 a.m.B.due

9.A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were ___.C.dismissed

10.___________ I thought he was joking, but then I realized he was serious.C.At first

11.He tried in vain to _________ the students __________ their professors.A.turn…against

12.The police _________ the driver with drunken driving.B.charged

13.The lady was expecting a baby in a__________ of months.B.couple

14.The sudden snowstorm during the night _________ my decision not to leave.D.confirmed 15.Just ________ your time and tell me clearly what happened at the meeting yesterday.C.take 第三單元選擇題

1._________ because I was tired of learning.D.I didn’t leave college

2.She took detailed __________ of what the teachers had discussed at the meeting.A.notes

3.He __________ late writing his term paper.D.stayed up 4.Medical scientists __________ finding a cure for cancer since 1960s.C.have been working on

5.You __________ an important detail in your report of the accident.C.left out

6.I teach because teaching is a profession _________ change.B.built on

7.After running to the bus-stop, I sat down to __________.C.catch my breath

8.She wrote articles and __________ to the Evening Paper.B.sent them off

9.Many young girls like to __________ for recording their private thoughts and feelings.A.keep a diary

10.Tom started as an engineering student, but he __________ English because he liked it.D.switched to 11.I’m _________ that he is innocent in the whole affair.D.convinced 12.I prefer to work in an ______ environment where there are good libraries and cultural facilities.A.urban

13.The statement about the mad cow disease constituted a direct ___ to the British government.C.challenge 14.He was ___________ by illness to drop out of school.C.compelled 15.Jeanne has decided on law as her_.She wantsto become acivil rights lawyerand help the poor.C.profession 第五單元選擇題

1.It was not long ___ the news spread and people from all over the country came to visit the village.A.before 2.—I saw Alice in tears yesterday.What happened to her?

—Nothing important.__________ a lit cigarette burned a hole in her new skirt.B.Just that

3.After hearing the news, I could not ____ my work that whole afternoon.C.set my mind on

4.You’ll ___________ to the job after you have been here a week or two.C.catch on 5.The police warned people to be ____ for pickpockets during the Christmas rush.D.on guard 6.She had had no training, but that ___________.A.didn’t stand in her way

7.While my wife and my children were away for the long weekend, ___.C.I had the entire house to myself

8.All our supply of food has __________.C.run out 9.The children _________ in their father’s shop when things are busy.D.help out 10.In the West, people often _____ for mail-order goods, which can

save a lot of time.D.send away 11.___ teaching in the school, Jane gives piano lessons to some children at home.B.In addition to 12.His excellent educational background _________ him for the job.A.qualifies

13.When she learned that her son was killed in battle, the Mexican woman

_ her tears with much difficulty.A.held back

14.If you think you can do the job, don’t hesitate, just __________.C.go ahead

15.It was under __________ that he agreed to resign from the committee.B.pressure

16.Mr.Tyler used to eat with a napkin __________ under his chin.D.tucked 17.The students experience severe __________ as final exams draw near.C.tension 18.I little understood the pressure __________ her.A.on

19.He ___________ that half an hour would be enough for him to get to the station, but he simply forgot that it was the rush hour.B.assumed

20.The police warned the children not to __________ the madman.A.approach

第六單元選擇題

1.I knocked several times __________ an old man answered the door.D.before 2.The medicine is __________ in dealing with cancer.B.of little use

3.He was so _________ from things around him that I wondered whether he did listen to what I said just now.B.detached

4.Mrs.Smith went on a diet and in three months ___________ her weight to

pounds.C.brought down

5.What shall I do to ________ this _________ getting dirty?B.keep…from

6.I would _________ play tennis than football.C.rather

7.They waved to one another till the train was __________.C.out of sight

8.I told the boy to __________.C.take it easy

9.Relax a bit.Don’t hold tight _________ yourself like that.B.onto

10.Paul followed the doctor’s __________ as to when to give his son medicines.D.instruction 11.My relatives are ___________ all over the country.A.scattered

12.Jane is __________ with cold so that her teeth are chattering.B.shivering

13.Mary _________ with embarrassment when she couldn’t answer the question.C.flushed

14.The road was so slippery when the snow was frozen into ice that I nearly __ down the mountain slope.B.slid。

15.She felt __________ and did nothing but sleep the whole day.A.slack

第八單元選擇題

1._________ and they will take a mile.A.Give them an inch

2.The Americans spend Christmas Day __________ that the Europeans do.B.in much the same way 3.Fruits and vegetables __________ to our health greatly.C.contribute

4.Daydreaming was __________ a waste of time.C.viewed as

5.I hope you will not _________ his work.C.interfere with

6.You’ll never _________ anything if you spend your time that way!C.amount to

7.I wrote to ask him how he was getting along _________ his colleagues.A.with

8.We must ___________ about our work or we’ll fall behind the schedule.B.go

9.Unfortunately, he died before his wish to be an astronaut could ______.D.come true 10.Johnney has been warned time and again that reading in bed will ________ his eyesight, but he just won’t listen.B.affect

11.It seems to me that I have been __________ my duty.C.neglecting 12.Great efforts are needed before we can __________ our goal of economic reform.C.attain

13.As it turned out, the speaker was shout down by the _________ crowd.A.hostile

14.The quickest ___________ of travel is by plane.C.means 15.Guesswork is no ___________ for investigationD.substitute