第一篇：2017年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)考試之閱讀理解每日一練(12月15日)

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2017年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)考試之閱讀理解每日一練（12月13日）

閱讀理解第一題：

I was searching for just the right word to describe this book； a word that describes something that is perhaps somewhat sad，but in a good way.I couldn‘t find quite the right word，but I do know the feeling.This book does make me feel a bit sad.Sad for the way that childhood passes so quickly，sad for days that go by，faster than we‘d like them to.But it also makes me feel the sweetness of these things and helps me remember that childhood imagination，freedom and joy are things that we can carry with us still，long after our days as children have passed.Which of the following is true about the author‘s feeling of the book？ A.It makes him feel sad for his childhood is sad.B.It makes him feel sad because he didn‘t remember his happy childhood.C.He couldn‘t describe the book，for he doesn’t know the feeling.D.He realizes that childhood imagination，freedom and joy are things that he can carry even when he is an adult.【正確答案】 D 【答案解析】 答案選D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過本段第二句I couldn‘t find quite the right word，but I do know the feeling??可排除C.通過第四句Sad for the way that childhood passes so quickly可以知道他感覺悲傷是因?yàn)橥陼r(shí)光匆匆而過，而不是因?yàn)樗耐晔潜瘋模闹胁⑽刺峒?。所以A不對。同理文中也并未提及他感到悲傷是以為他沒有了童年的回憶，故B也不對。而可以通過最后一句話得出D是對的。

閱讀理解第二題：

It had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon.The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes.Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit.Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while.Why did the writer want to leave the hotel A.To enjoy the good weather.B.To have a change of scene.C.To spend all his winnings.D.To get away from the crew.【正確答案】B 【答案解析】 答案選B.本題的問題是：為什么作者想要離開賓館？由本段第一句可以得出答案。在賓館是十分無聊的，最后一句也寫出作者不顧天氣不好而想要出去走走，AC選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)未提及。

閱讀理解第三題： Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day.These are seemingly simple 004km.cn

activities that the majority of us don‘t question.But an international team of researchers，including Dr.Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce，high-quality resources.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.B.Chimpanzee‘s behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.C.Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.D.Our ancestors‘ecological conditions resembled those of modern-day chimpanzees’。

【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 答案選A.本段第一句和第二句說明，大多數(shù)人對人類直立行走習(xí)以為常，并不質(zhì)疑這種習(xí)慣。而A的內(nèi)容正好與此相反，所以是答案。

閱讀理解第四題：

Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery in her book Beloved.The main character in this novel，a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War，but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories.Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences，the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had lived on； the fate of her husband，who also tried to escape； and finally，what happened to the child called Beloved.Morrison's scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.Beloved is set__________.A.on a slave ship B.on a plantation before the Civil War C.in Ohio after the Civil War D.in an African town 【正確答案】 C 【答案解析】 答案選C.本題問的是：“寵兒”的設(shè)置背景是什么？根據(jù)本段的第二句話：a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War.可知其背景是在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)之后的俄亥俄州。因此C是正確的答案。

閱讀理解第五題：

Tom，a near-sighted young man，went on a blind date with a girl.The two were satisfied with each other.And they exchanged their telephone numbers.What can we learn about Tom？

A.Tom made a good impression on the girl at first.B.It was the first time that Tom had dated a girl.C.Tom was blind.004km.cn

D.Tom was handsome and popular with the girls.【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 答案選A.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從The two were satisfied with each other可知，相親過后，兩人對對方都很滿意，所以A選項(xiàng)正確，湯姆第一次見對方就留下了很好的印象。B項(xiàng)所表述內(nèi)容在文中找不到根據(jù)，不能判斷這是湯姆第幾次約會(huì)。根據(jù)文章描述，湯姆只是near-sighted，遠(yuǎn)不到盲了的地步。文章僅講述了湯姆和某一個(gè)女孩相親的精力，對他的個(gè)人魅力以及是否受女孩歡迎并未提及。

閱讀理解第六題：

Marian，the girl who wrote the original story about Roxaboxen that the children‘s book is based on，was mayor.Other kids ran the stores which sold imaginary ice cream and baked goods.Kids drove imaginary cars outside of town，and the speeders went to jail，which was guarded by the sheriff，another kid.Elsewhere，boys and girls had battles，charging each other’s bases using spears made with ocotillo，a desert plant.Who is Marian？

A.She is the author.B.She sold ice cream in Roxaboxen.C.She is the mayor of Roxaboxen in the book.D.She guards the jail in the book.【正確答案】 C 【答案解析】 答案選C.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞鎖定短文本段。本段第一句話給出了正確答案，Marian是最先寫這個(gè)故事的人，但是并不是這本書的作者。而且是這本書中那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)的鎮(zhèn)長。

閱讀理解第七題：

During these past few years I used Associated Content to try writing.I found writing for that site was not my cup of tea.However，my experience there was positive as I was rewarded with even more learning opportunities just by dipping my toes into the water.Through Associated Content I was introduced to the world of blogging.I decided to learn how to set up a blog myself.Now I‘m interested in blogging and continue to work as a writer.What is the author‘s purpose of using the site Associated Content？ A.To write for the site Yahoo！Contributor Network.B.To know more about other writers.C.To have one of his articles published.D.To become a network writer.【正確答案】 D 【答案解析】 答案選D.根據(jù)本段的I decided to learn how to set up a blog myself.Now I‘m interested in blogging and continue to work as a writer確定D答案。A選項(xiàng)是作者偶然獲得的結(jié)果，并非剛開始寫作時(shí)的目的，可排除；B選項(xiàng)不是作者的目的；C選項(xiàng)是作者兩年前已經(jīng)取得的成果，無需再定為自己目標(biāo)。

閱讀理解第八題： 004km.cn

Parents often decide on the basis of what their children want.Cathy，a mother told us，“My children have packed lunches，because they say they hate school dinners.I make 3 packed lunches every morning，so our kitchen is like a sandwich bar in the morning.” However，another mother，Susan made her choice based on the nutritious value of the food.She said，“My daughter always has school dinners.I think she probably gets healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made a few sandwiches.”

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ A.Katz thinks chips are good for his kids.B.Susan‘s daughter likes eating sandwiches.C.Cathy may have at least three children.D.Jamie likes burgers and pizzas.【正確答案】 C 【答案解析】 答案選C.細(xì)節(jié)查找并簡單推斷題。從本段，特別是I make 3 packed lunches every morning…可知Cathy有三個(gè)孩子在上學(xué)，有沒有不上學(xué)的孩子不得而知，故選項(xiàng)C為正確選項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)均與原文意思不符。

第二篇：2017年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)考試之詞匯選項(xiàng)每日一練(12月15日)

英騰教育考試寶典，讓考試更簡單！004km.cn

2017年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)考試之詞匯選項(xiàng)每日一練（12月15日）

詞匯選項(xiàng)第一題：

I‘m not meddling“。Mary said mildly.” I’m just curious.“

A.gently

B.shyly

C.sweetly

D.weakly 【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 mildly：溫和地、適度地；四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A 溫和地、有教養(yǎng)地，B 害羞地、膽怯地，C 舒適地、甜蜜地，D 虛弱地、微弱地。因此答案選擇A.詞匯選項(xiàng)第二題：

The President made a brief visit to Beijing.A.short

B.working

C.formal

D.secret 【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 答案選A.句子的意思為：總統(tǒng)短暫的訪問了北京。short意思為：短的，短暫的。因此答案為A.詞匯選項(xiàng)第三題：

Frommystandpoint，thisthingisjustridiculous.A.field

B.pointofview

C.knowledge

D.information 【正確答案】 B 【答案解析】答案選B.standpoint：觀點(diǎn)，立場。pointofview：觀點(diǎn)，見地。兩者意思相近。field：領(lǐng)域。knowledge：知識(shí)。information：信息。

詞匯選項(xiàng)第四題： There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.A.matches

B.maintains

C.beats

D.announces 【正確答案】 C 【答案解析】 break 打破，break the record 表示“打破記錄”，同時(shí)beat the record也可用來表示“打破記錄”。

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詞匯選項(xiàng)第五題：

People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows，and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2，100 meters into the sky.Q： Pilots flying at the height of more than 2，100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正確答案】 B 【答案解析】 該題說的是：飛行員飛行的高度超過2100米時(shí)，看見一個(gè)黑色的火山灰和蒸汽從火山口急速上升到空氣中。但是，文章中airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2，100 meters into the sky.說的是靠近火山的地方出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)黑色的火山灰和蒸汽上升到空氣中，其高度超過2100米。因此該命題是錯(cuò)誤的。

詞匯選項(xiàng)第六題：

Despite the bad weather，troubled health service，traffic congestion（擁擠），gender inequality，and the high cost of living，Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.Q： Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.A.right

B.wrong

C.not mentioned 【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 問題句說“愛爾蘭的生活費(fèi)用高”。該段說“盡管氣候惡劣，健康機(jī)構(gòu)混亂，交通擁擠，性別歧視仍然存在，生活費(fèi)用高，愛爾蘭所獲得的分?jǐn)?shù)仍然給人留下了深刻的印象：滿分為十分，愛爾蘭獲得了8.33分”。根據(jù)這個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容可以知道“愛爾蘭的生活費(fèi)用高”，因此問題句的說法與原文的說法一致。

詞匯選項(xiàng)第七題：

What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat？ I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking.You will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything，but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.Q： Due to the effect of alcohol，your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正確答案】 A 【答案解析】 本題的關(guān)鍵句為：but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.因此本題答案為A。

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詞匯選項(xiàng)第八題： Whether you work at home，on the farm，at the office，at school，or on the road，it is not a good idea to skip（故意略去）breakfast.Q： It is okay to skip breakfast if you work at home.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正確答案】 B 【答案解析】 原句的意思是：無論一個(gè)人在哪干活，不吃早餐都不是個(gè)好主意。因此此命題是錯(cuò)誤的。

詞匯選項(xiàng)第九題：

You think that the biggest threat to your health when taking a shower comes from slipping on a bar of soap？ Well，guess again.Q： This paragraph is a question to which the author hopes to have a positive answer from the reader.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正確答案】 B 【答案解析】 這段話的意思是：你認(rèn)為淋浴的時(shí)候?qū)】底畲蟮耐{是踩在一塊肥皂上而滑倒？好的，再猜一猜。這里的“再猜一猜”可以得知作者希望的不是一個(gè)positive answer，而是一個(gè)negative answer.詞匯選項(xiàng)第十題：

Today，not too far off Nixon‘s deadline，America is looking at that possibility.Over the weekend，Hillary Rodham Clinton，wife of former president Bill Clinton，announced her run for 2008 presidency.Q： Bill Clinton will strongly support Hillary to run for the 2008 presidency.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正確答案】 C 【答案解析】 問題句說“Bill Clinton將強(qiáng)力支持Hillary參加2008年總統(tǒng)選舉”。而本段只是提到Hillary是Bill Clinton的妻子，而其部分沒有再提到Bill Clinton，由此判斷問題句的信息在文章中沒有被提到。

第三篇：2018貴州選調(diào)生考試每日一練(閱讀理解)(12.11)

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2018貴州選調(diào)生考試每日一練(閱讀理解)(12.11)【導(dǎo)語】貴州中公選調(diào)生考試網(wǎng)為大家提供了選調(diào)生試題，考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考期間需要多多的練習(xí)行測模擬題，熟悉選調(diào)生考試題型。

1.如果一直往上看的話，就會(huì)覺得一直在下面;如果一直向下看的話，就會(huì)覺得一直在上面;如果一直覺得在后面，肯定是一直在向前看。目光決定不了位置，但位置卻永遠(yuǎn)因?yàn)槟抗舛嬖?。關(guān)鍵是，即使我們處于一個(gè)確定的位置，目光卻仍然可以投往任何一個(gè)方向。

符合這段文字的寓意的是()A.即便現(xiàn)在處于逆境，我們也應(yīng)當(dāng)積極面對未來 B.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)樹立遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)來鼓勵(lì)自己并為之付出努力 C.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)切實(shí)地認(rèn)識(shí)自己，不要為虛無的幻想所牽絆 D.不論是何時(shí)、何地、何種情況，我們都應(yīng)當(dāng)獨(dú)立地進(jìn)行思考

2.毋庸置疑，晚清以來中國遭逢千百年未遇之大變局，被強(qiáng)行納入世界資本主義體系當(dāng)中，從世界中心淪為所謂邊緣的“遠(yuǎn)東”，在世界歷史和文化上一再缺席，遭遇了深刻的文化身份危機(jī)，不斷被誤讀、曲解和妖魔化。正是在這一歷史語境中，發(fā)現(xiàn)東方與文化輸出就顯得越發(fā)重要和緊迫。

這段文字中的“歷史語境”是指()。A.中國被西方列強(qiáng)邊緣化 B.晚清中國所遭遇的歷史大變局 C.中國融入資本主義體系的時(shí)機(jī) D.對中國文化的誤讀、曲解和妖魔化

3.每個(gè)人的德性都與公共生活緊密相關(guān)?，F(xiàn)代國家中的公民，是構(gòu)成社會(huì)的基本分子，離不開公共生活。公共生活的重要部分之一，就是完全超越利己動(dòng)機(jī)的公益慈善。事實(shí)上，追問人的本性，每個(gè)社會(huì)成員都有向善、為善的一面。與其說這是完成他的社會(huì)責(zé)任，不如說這會(huì)給他帶來助人的喜悅和歡愉。這既是本性，也是權(quán)利。那種片面地將公益慈善視為社會(huì)精英特權(quán)或某些組織禁臠的思想，是無視人之本性的陋見，不利于公共倫理和公共道德的形成，是阻礙現(xiàn)代公民意識(shí)生成的絆腳石。

這段文字意在強(qiáng)調(diào)()。A.德性與公共生活緊密相關(guān) B.行善給人帶來喜悅和歡愉 C.做善事是社會(huì)成員的權(quán)利 D.不正確的慈善觀危害甚大

4.很多孩子只能聽贊美之詞，聽不得半點(diǎn)反對意見;有的孩子外表高傲，內(nèi)心脆弱，敏感多疑。他們遇到一些不順心的事情，就會(huì)有極端的舉動(dòng)，這就是所謂的“蛋殼心理”。過分驕縱、百般溺愛是導(dǎo)致這種心理的最直接原因。建議父母在孩子順心的成長道路上制造一點(diǎn)

讓0-99歲群體有更好的教育選擇

挫折，讓孩子會(huì)在逆境中保持自信，學(xué)會(huì)在挫折面前保持樂觀，培養(yǎng)孩子的韌性和抗挫折能力。另外，父母要學(xué)會(huì)對孩子說“不”，要讓孩子知道并不是所有的要求都能夠得到滿足，使他們學(xué)會(huì)接受拒絕。

最能概括這段文字的一項(xiàng)是()A.針對“蛋殼心理”，父母應(yīng)采取恰當(dāng)?shù)慕甜B(yǎng)方式 B.父母在贊美孩子的同時(shí)要讓其學(xué)會(huì)接受拒絕 C.“蛋殼心理”直接反映了孩子的脆弱心理 D.孩子的脆弱心理大多源于父母的教養(yǎng)方式

5.理想是由真實(shí)的素材構(gòu)成的。缺乏這種認(rèn)識(shí)，人類就不能切合實(shí)際地運(yùn)用它的理想能力。真正的友誼，這一美好的理想，會(huì)激勵(lì)我們競爭;但認(rèn)識(shí)到它只是一個(gè)理想。實(shí)際上常含有一點(diǎn)虛幻的成分，這種認(rèn)識(shí)乃是一種不可忽視的對幻想的解毒劑。友誼是如此。一切真理也都如此。

根據(jù)文意，對劃橫線部分理解不準(zhǔn)確的是()。A.友誼是由真實(shí)的素材構(gòu)成的 B.友誼常含有虛幻的成分 C.友誼是幻想的解毒劑 D.友誼與真理都是某種理想 參考答案與解析

1.答案: C 解析:根據(jù)提問“寓意”一詞和材料構(gòu)成，此題是隱含主旨道理推斷題。

材料為分總結(jié)構(gòu)。題干的主要意思是，人的位置在確定的時(shí)候，目光依然可以在任何一個(gè)地方，當(dāng)目光在不同的方向的時(shí)候，可能會(huì)影響對自我位置的不同的認(rèn)識(shí)。所以告訴我們要切實(shí)地認(rèn)識(shí)自己，不能被其他因素所影響，C選項(xiàng)與文意相符。>故正確答案為C。

>A、B、D選項(xiàng)與原文之意差距比較大，原文是想傳達(dá)要學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)自己而不被其他因素影響，這個(gè)因素包含很多種，逆境成長、樹立遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)及獨(dú)立思考都太片面了。

2.答案: D 解析:由提問方式可知此題為詞句理解題。

閱讀文段由可知晚清中國文化不斷被誤讀、曲解和妖魔化，緊接著在最后一句出現(xiàn)“歷史語境”，根據(jù)就近原則以及文段含義，可知D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

A、B、C三項(xiàng)沒有把握住文段的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，因此排除。故正確答案為D。3.答案: C 解析:據(jù)提問知此題為隱含主旨題。

文段出現(xiàn)了表示轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語“事實(shí)上”，該詞后面將會(huì)出現(xiàn)重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。作者主要想表達(dá)“助人的喜悅和歡愉既是本性，也是權(quán)利”，不是僅僅為了”完成他的社會(huì)責(zé)任“。故

讓0-99歲群體有更好的教育選擇

C項(xiàng)最符合此意。A項(xiàng)與主旨無關(guān)，B項(xiàng)不夠到位。文段并非強(qiáng)調(diào)不正確的慈善觀的危害，故D不選。

故正確答案為C。4.答案: A 解析: 這是一道主旨概括題。本段的結(jié)構(gòu)是提出問題，解決問題的分總結(jié)構(gòu)，重點(diǎn)在解決問題上。首句闡述了“蛋殼心理”的概念。然后提出了產(chǎn)生這樣的原因，最后一句提出了解決問題ide對策，即父母教育孩子面對挫折要樂觀，同時(shí)還要敢于說不。故全面概括，即父母應(yīng)采取恰當(dāng)?shù)慕甜B(yǎng)方式。B項(xiàng)沒有談到贊美，故排除。C項(xiàng)是問題的闡釋，不死解決。D項(xiàng)也是問題原因的闡述。故選A。

5.答案: C 解析:由提問方式可知本題為語句理解題。

C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。原文是說應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到友誼是一種理想，這種認(rèn)識(shí)是幻想的解毒劑，而不是說友誼是幻想的解毒劑，C項(xiàng)偷換概念。

由文段中“真正的友誼，這一美好的理想??”可知真正的友誼是一種理想，而“理想是由真實(shí)的素材構(gòu)成的”，所以A選項(xiàng)“友誼是由真實(shí)的素材構(gòu)成的”說法正確。由原文“但認(rèn)識(shí)到它只是一個(gè)理想，實(shí)際上常含有一點(diǎn)虛幻的成分”可知B選項(xiàng)也正確?！坝颜x是如此，一切真理也都如此”表明友誼是一種理想，而真理也是一種理想，故D選項(xiàng)正確。

故正確答案為C。

第四篇：2014職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級完形填空及譯文

2014職稱英語教材-衛(wèi)生類A級5篇完形填空及參考譯文（紅色為書中選項(xiàng)答案）

+11Migrant Workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1increased oil incomes have enabled many countries tooutsiders to improve local facilities.the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is notthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at leastmoney in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage., the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each othersafety and comfort., many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlythe lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutionsproblems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem whichmigrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents., migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of thefinancial benefits which they receive.+ 12Dreams

Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those whothat they never dream at all actually dreamas frequently as the rest of us,they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectlyof dreaming nightnight very seldom remember those dreams indetail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions.Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．

One of the world's oldestwritten documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you canthat dreams were believed to have a

special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that younever ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to returntime if the sleeper were suddenly.From ancient times to the present,people have beenattempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．a(chǎn)lthough unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dreamthere are books．

+13

Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

German researchers havea new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protectionsudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesby disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at risk are patients who havesuffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosingdisruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devicesa range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body.This integrated system allows early diagnosis ofblood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data The overwhelmingof patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs onlyinto account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making usea non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to showthe new software evaluates the data considerably better.+14YoungAdultsWho ExerciseGetHigherIQScores(新增)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ`and are moreto go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hopital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were

born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analysed theof both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear linkgood physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for thinking and verbal comprehension,But it is only fitness that plays a in the results for the IQ test,and not strength,”Being fit means that you also have good heart and lungand that your brain gets plenty of ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahogrenska University Hospital.”This may be one of the reasonswe can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analysing data for twins,the researchers have beento determine that it is primarily environmental facors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters whotheir physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.”This being the case, physicalis a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness testsnational service with the socio-economic status of the men latter in,Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.+15Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years

A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74.Women to about 80, and theseare rising all the time.What has broughtthese changes? When we look at the lifeof people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatestof the time.In the early 20th century, these were the acute and ofteninfectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In theworld these diseases are fartoday,90 and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number ofshave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, whichbacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinationscommon diseases., people's generalhealth has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 butpeople do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and thoseby viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l.Of course, cancer is a huge

killer as well.In most cases these diseases affectpeople, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesitymore heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as “l(fā)ifestyle diseases”，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.移民工人

在過去的20年，工人從一個(gè)國家到另一個(gè)國家的趨勢越來越大。一些剛剛獨(dú)立的國家把大部分工作留給當(dāng)?shù)厝?，這一點(diǎn)是可以理解的，而另一些卻吸引和歡迎移民工人。中東地區(qū)的情況尤為如此。那里增加的石油收入使很多國家能夠召集外面的人來改進(jìn)本地設(shè)施。因此中東吸引了來自美國和歐洲的石油工人。它還從包括韓國和日本的許多國家引入了建筑工人和技師。

由于中東地區(qū)艱苦的生活和工作條件，吸引合適的工人的費(fèi)用是很高的，這不足為奇。許多工程師和技師在中東至少可以掙到他們在自己國家兩倍的收入，這是最大的吸引力。一個(gè)相關(guān)的好處是這里的稅收低，或者根本就不收稅。這增加了來訪工人的凈收入，而且很受他們歡迎。

有時(shí)一個(gè)劣勢就有一個(gè)補(bǔ)償?shù)膬?yōu)勢。例如，艱苦的生活條件常常導(dǎo)致更深的友誼，因?yàn)楣と藗優(yōu)榱税踩褪孢m必須互相依賴。同樣，許多移民工人能夠存很多錢，部分原因是因?yàn)槟抢锶鄙賷蕵吩O(shè)施。工作通常是復(fù)雜的，而且充滿問題，但是這會(huì)向那些更愿解決問題而不是在自己國家里做例行工作的工程師們提出更大的挑戰(zhàn)。

影響中東的移民工人的一個(gè)主要問題是他們的工作是暫時(shí)性的。他們幾乎都是合同工，所以要讓他們很有信心地事前做出計(jì)劃是很難的。人們希望這樣，是因?yàn)闆]有一個(gè)國家歡迎大量的外國工人作為永久居民。無論如何，移民工人像接受其他不足一樣接受這個(gè)不足，因?yàn)樗麄兊玫降氖强捎^的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。夢之閑話

人人都會(huì)做夢，也確實(shí)每個(gè)人睡覺都做夢。那些聲稱睡覺從來不做夢的人其實(shí)都有做夢，而且做夢的頻次與其他人一樣，只是他們從來記不住自己做的夢而已。即使是那些能清楚地意識(shí)到自己夜復(fù)一夜都在做夢的人也很少能夠把那些細(xì)節(jié)都描述得淋漓盡致，能記住的也只是一些看起來毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的印象與場景組成的一團(tuán)混沌。夢境不僅僅是視覺的，我們做夢的時(shí)候會(huì)牽動(dòng)我們的各種器官，所以我們在夢里似乎能夠聽到聲音，能觸摸到，還能嗅到氣味，甚至嘗到味道。

埃及的《夢幻書語》是目前世界上所發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早關(guān)于夢的文本記載。這本書大概5000年的歷史，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在那個(gè)年代，人們就已經(jīng)相信夢特有的重要性。在很多古老的文明中，人們都堅(jiān)信不能驚醒睡夢中的人，因?yàn)樵谒瘔糁?，人的靈魂都會(huì)離開身體，如果別驚醒，靈魂也許就不能及時(shí)回到身體里。

從古到今，人們就一直試圖解析夢境以及其重要性。目前市面上就有很多關(guān)于解夢的書，遺憾的是，對于同一個(gè)夢，有多少本書就會(huì)有多少種解釋。

13科學(xué)家探索發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟病的方法

德國研究者們發(fā)明了新一代的除顫器和旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護(hù)，使他們免遭心臟

停止導(dǎo)致的突然死亡的早期預(yù)報(bào)軟件。

僅在德國每年就有10萬人死于心臟停止。其中大部分是由于心律中斷導(dǎo)致的。危險(xiǎn)最大的是那些已經(jīng)犯過一次心臟病的病人。幾年來除顫器被證實(shí)在控測心律中止和在幾秒中內(nèi)實(shí)施自動(dòng)干涉以調(diào)整心律的診斷中是有用的。這種方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗萊伯大學(xué)診所的心臟病專家已經(jīng)在內(nèi)置除顫器方面取得了突破性成就。這種除顫器可以在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生六個(gè)頻道的心電圖。這個(gè)綜合體系使血液流通總是和即將發(fā)生的心臟病可被早些診斷出來。今年它將第一次被植入病人體內(nèi)。同時(shí)，凱瑟?jiǎng)谔氐母诤饘?shí)用數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)院的研究者開發(fā)了一種新計(jì)算機(jī)軟件。這種軟件使心電圖數(shù)據(jù)更加準(zhǔn)確。

大部分有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的患 者不能用內(nèi)置除顫器，因此必須接受常規(guī)的心電圖檢查。“目前的許多計(jì)劃只把數(shù)據(jù)的線形關(guān)系考慮在內(nèi)。但是我們現(xiàn)在使用的是能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動(dòng)的混亂模工作為一個(gè)直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)提示出來的非線性處理方法”。海根·納夫說，“這樣心臟跳動(dòng)頻率的變化就會(huì)受到控制，而病人個(gè)人的特征也會(huì)得到考慮?！币粋€(gè)基于600位犯心臟病的患者的以前的心電圖數(shù)據(jù)研究使科學(xué)家們能夠比較兩種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，結(jié)果顯示新軟件明顯能更好地處理心電圖數(shù)據(jù)。

14運(yùn)動(dòng)的年輕人智商更高(新增)

瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)健康校醫(yī)院的科學(xué)研究院和該校校醫(yī)院的一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，身體健康的年輕人智商更高，進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的可能性也更高。

研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在美國國家科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)上。這項(xiàng)研究的取樣樣本是1950-1976年入伍的120萬瑞典新兵。這些新兵們報(bào)到時(shí)接受了體能測試和智能測試，研究員對這兩類測試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。

研究表明，健康的體能和優(yōu)秀的智能測試結(jié)果之間的聯(lián)系和明顯的。最突出的就是科學(xué)思維和語言理解能力與身體健康有關(guān)。但是智商測試結(jié)果中只是健康在起作用，而與力量無關(guān)?！吧眢w健康是指，一個(gè)人心肺功能好，能將充足的氧氣源源不斷地輸入給大腦，”瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院教授和哥德堡大學(xué)健康科學(xué)研究院校醫(yī)院首席內(nèi)科醫(yī)師邁克爾·尼爾森如說，“也許這就是為什么智商測試結(jié)果與健康之間存在明顯聯(lián)系，而與肌肉力量無關(guān)的原因之一。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)生長因子也很重要。”

通過研究雙胞胎的數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員可以得出結(jié)論，智商差異來自后天的環(huán)境因素而不是先天的基因，身體越健康，智商越高。

“我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在15-18歲之間加強(qiáng)身體鍛煉的青少年往往認(rèn)知能力也較強(qiáng)，”哥德堡大學(xué)健康學(xué)研究院研究員，ABY健康中心醫(yī)師瑪利亞·啊伯格說，“倘若情況果然如此，那么體院應(yīng)成為學(xué)校中一門重要的學(xué)科，而且如果我們想要學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)和其他理論科學(xué)，體育課是非常有必要的?！?/p>

研究人員還將新兵服役入伍報(bào)到時(shí)的體格檢查和智商測試的結(jié)果與后來他們來生活中的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位進(jìn)行了比較。那些18歲是身體健康的人學(xué)歷更高，很多都能勝任高要求的工作。

15上世界人類平均壽命的變化

一百年前，發(fā)達(dá)國家的人口平均壽命約為47歲，到21世紀(jì)初，美英兩國男性平均壽命為74歲，女性約為80歲，人們的平均壽命一直在延長。是什么造成這樣的變化呢？在研究100年前人類的壽命時(shí)，我們需要注意當(dāng)時(shí)的一些不治之癥。早在20世界初期，這些不治

之癥經(jīng)常是像天花之類的急性的高傳染病。許多兒童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年邁體弱的人也總面臨著他們的威脅。

如今，這些疾病在發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)不能致命。這一變化歸于許多因素，比如：環(huán)境及個(gè)人衛(wèi)生的改善、抗生素的發(fā)現(xiàn)及使用（抗生素大大降低了細(xì)菌病的危險(xiǎn)）以及常見疾病預(yù)防疫苗的接種。除此之外，更潔凈的空氣、更好的食物保鮮方法、更舒適溫暖的屋子還有對營養(yǎng)的進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)，這些總的環(huán)境的改善也促進(jìn)了人們的整體健康。

從基因角度看，人都能活到85歲。但盡管現(xiàn)在人們壽命確實(shí)比以前長了，仍然有一些疾病使得我們不能都活到那個(gè)歲數(shù)?，F(xiàn)在困擾人們的是像心臟病、中風(fēng)那些更為慢性的疾病，還有像流行性感冒和艾滋病那些通過病毒傳染的疾病。當(dāng)然，癌癥也是一大殺手。上述疾病大多影響著老年人，但令人擔(dān)憂的問題在發(fā)達(dá)國家日趨明顯，如：肥胖癥產(chǎn)生更多心臟病、糖尿病等其他疾病患者群漸成年輕化。

人們?nèi)绻堰@些疾病歸為“生活方式疾病”，這意味著人們生活方式的改善有可能阻止它們的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。

第五篇：2011年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類押題（定稿）

Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor

The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger，especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute，more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer，”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them，1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke，according to the report.However，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term，close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don’t eat at home every day，I must stay in the kitchen to cook，”said Xu Li.a 45-year-old local woman.“I know the fumes are bad for the skin，but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer.I have already started frying less.’’

Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition，but was closely related to family cancer history，unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with He.3

“Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men，”said Dr Tan Binyong，honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College.“It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”

He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.詞匯：

1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?

D Patients with lung cancer become younger，especially females.2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?

B Breast cancer.3.What symptoms may be complmned of by most women with lung cancer after long term.close

contact with cooking oil fumes?

A Irritated eyes and throat.4.What was the local women’s reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?

B Surprised.5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women’s lung cancer?

D Personal health and physical condition.第十八篇

Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics

Most older people with so-called typeⅡdiabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes iust three times a week，according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet’s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body’s ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent，the newspaper reported.This is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today，it said.Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II，all more than 60 years of age，exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months.After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’ muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.2

Associate Professor3 Dr.Hemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthv non-exercising persons.“This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups.Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes，4 but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms.At the same time it can put off5 the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment，”Dela was quoted as saying.6

Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas，controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat，but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off8 after five days without sufficient exercise.Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of9 the importance of exercise，Dela added.1.How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?

C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.2.Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin bv B 30 per cent.3.The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included

A elderly non-diabetic men.B elderly type II diabetic men.D both A and B.4.To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect?

A To the degree where they begin to sweat.5.According to Dela，among most diabetics the importance of exercise is the importance of watching their diet.C less understood than

Preventing Child Maltreatment

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences.There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.Data for many countries，especially low-and middle-income countries，are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study.Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless.international studies reveal that approximately 20%of women and 5-10%of men report being sexually abused as children，while 25-50%of all children report being physically abused.Additionally，many children are subject to1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).Every year，there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem，as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls，bums and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences.Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development.Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems.Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural，physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4

Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment，there is an economic impact，including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatmenthave been identified.These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment.A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated ,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent ,being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6

1.The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT according to the passage.C there is a shortage of the professional date collectors

2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused.3.Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT according to the passage.B diarrhea

4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?

A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when、he grows up.5.The maltreated chidlren often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT according to the passage.D thev often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents

第三十四篇

Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance

The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue.Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy.They constitute a growing and global public health problem.WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to 1imit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.An article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)，and，in particular，has raised, awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear，this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission，and to define the most effective measures for control.Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments.the pharmaceutical industry，and international agencies.WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance;rational antibiotic use，including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics：introducing or

enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription;and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures.including the use of hand-washing measures，particularly in healthcare facilities.Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies，and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO’s World Health Day 2011.練習(xí)：

1.Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?

A.The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.2.Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?

C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.3.Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?

D Those who study in universities.4.All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPT

D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they Can use.5.What can you infer from the passage?

B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control.