第一篇：2018年6月四級翻譯練習(xí)題20道

2018年6月四級翻譯練習(xí)題20道

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題1：西安

古都西安，一顆閃爍著古代文明和高科技之光的歷史文化名城。西安古名長安，是世界四大古都之一。踏上這古老的黃土地，無處不在的是千古文人(literati)名士(people with literary reputation)傳誦于世的古風(fēng)古韻。歷史文化的沉積，造就了一個著名的旅游城市。西安，這座讓游人流連忘返的城市，在很久以前就享有“通史博物館(General History Museum)”的美譽(yù)。

范文：

Ancient capital Xi'an is a noted historic and cultural city shining the light of ancient civilization and high technology.Xi'an，once called Chang'an, is one of the four ancient capitals of the world.Setting foot on this ancient ground, you can feel ancient customs and rhymes everywhere, which have been widely read by literati and people with literary reputation for thousands of years.This famous tourism city is created by the sediment of historical culture.Xi'an，a city that let people linger on with no thought of leaving has long enjoyed the good name of the“General History Museum”

翻譯詳解：

1.歷史文化名城:翻譯為a noted historic and cultural city。

2.黃土地:直接翻譯成ground即可，不必直譯。

3.古風(fēng)古韻:古風(fēng)指“古代的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣”，古韻指“古代的音韻”，故可譯為ancient customs and rhyme。該詞組所處句子缺少主語，在翻譯時需增譯主語。

4.流連忘返:可譯為to have much enjoyment and forget to go back home或者to linger on with no thought of leaving, linger on 意為“徘徊;流連”。

5.歷史文化的沉積:可譯為sediment of historical culture。sediment意為“沉積”。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題2：對聯(lián)

對聯(lián)(couplet)是由富有詩意的兩句話組成，通常是押韻的(rhymed)。人們用所能掌握的最好的書法水平將它們寫在紅色豎紙條上。上聯(lián)(the first line of a couplet)貼在前門的右側(cè)，下聯(lián)貼在前門的左側(cè)。此外，橫批(the horizontalscroll)是橫著貼在門框上的。對聯(lián)是中國獨(dú)特文化的一部分。它也是一個同時與中國語言和文字相關(guān)的藝術(shù)。今天,對聯(lián)常被用作中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的裝飾。

參考翻譯:

The couplet is comprised of a pair of lines of poetry that are usually rhymed,which are written on vertical slips of red paper in the best calligraphic style one can master.The first line of a couplet is posted on the right side of the front door.The second line of a couplet is posted on the left of a couplet side of the front door.In addition,the horizontal scroll is posted across and on top of the doorframe.Couplet is a part of Chinese unique culture and also an art related to both the Chinese,language and Chinese characters.Today,it is often used as a decoration during traditional Chinese festivals.1.對聯(lián)是由富有詩意的兩句話組成，通常是押韻的：“富有詩意的兩句話”可翻譯為a pair of lines of poetry?！把喉嵉摹笨勺g為 rhymed。

2.人們用所能掌握的最好的書法水平將它們寫在紅色豎紙條上：該句可以和第一句話結(jié)合，作定語從句。其中“寫在紅色豎紙條上”可以翻譯為written on vertical slips of red paper?！叭藗冇盟苷莆盏淖詈玫臅ㄋ健眲t用in短語引出，譯為in the best calligraphic style one can master。

3.上聯(lián)貼在前門的右側(cè)，下聯(lián)貼在前門的左側(cè)：本句中的“上聯(lián)”以及“下聯(lián)”不能按照漢語意思直接意為upper line和downn line,而要根據(jù)意思譯為the first line of a couplet和the second line of a couplet。下文中的“橫批”可譯為the horizontal scroll,因?yàn)樗菣M著貼的，所以要用horizontal翻譯。

4.它也是一個同時與中國語言和文字相關(guān)的藝術(shù)：“與…相關(guān)”可譯為be relate to…或have the relation to...?！巴瑫r…和…”可用both and…來表示。1.對聯(lián)是由富有詩意的兩句話組成，通常是押韻的：“富有詩意的兩句話”可翻譯為a pair of lines of poetry。“押韻的”可譯為 rhymed。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題3：木雕

中國木雕(wood carving)有著悠久的歷史，是中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)之一。人們認(rèn)為現(xiàn)存最早的木雕大約是在三千年前的戰(zhàn)國時期雕刻完成的。在中國，木雕主要分成三個類別：建筑雕刻、家具雕刻和藝術(shù)品雕刻。中國的木雕以其令人印象深刻的細(xì)致構(gòu)造和主題之美受到了全世界的欣賞。今天，我們可以在私人畫廊里看到傳統(tǒng)木雕，也可以在長江兩岸整個區(qū)域的宅邸裝飾上看到它。

參考翻譯:

Chinese wood carving is one of Chinese traditional arts with a time-honored history.The earliest existing wood carving is believed to be made during the Warring States Period about three thousand years ago.Wood carving in China constitutes three major categories: architecture carving, furniture carving and artworks carving.Chinese wood carving is appreciated worldwide for its impressively detailed structures and the beauty of its themes.Today,traditional wood carvings can be seen in private galleries and also on the decorations over residential areas on both sides of the Yangtze River.1.中國的木雕有著悠久的歷史：“悠久的歷史”可譯為a longhistory，也可譯為a time-honored history, time-honored意為“悠久的，老的”，如，“中華老字號”則為time-honored brand of China。

2.人們認(rèn)為現(xiàn)存最早的木雕大約是在三千年前的戰(zhàn)國時期雕刻完成的：本句可以將“人們”一詞省去不譯，用theearliest existing wood carving作主語。謂語則是“被認(rèn)為是”，可譯為be believed to，這里的to是動詞不定式的標(biāo)志。“雕刻完成”即“被做好”，可譯為be made?！霸谌昵暗膽?zhàn)國時期”則譯作狀語，即during theWarring States Period about three thousand years ago。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題4：太極拳

太極拳(Tai Chi)是一系列緩慢的動作，旨在修煉身心。它就像是一種舞蹈，卻不需要你隨音樂起舞，而是需要你向內(nèi)看,聆聽內(nèi)心的節(jié)奏。它創(chuàng)自數(shù)千年前，原本是一種武術(shù)(martial art)—一種自衛(wèi)的技藝。然而，它的武術(shù)方面如今不太流行了。目前全世界成千上萬人練習(xí)它，主要是由于它對于人類健康的神奇作用。它將身體動作與平靜、冥想的(meditative)心理狀態(tài)結(jié)合起來，所以也被稱作“冥想運(yùn)動(meditation in motion)”。

Tai Chi

Tai Chi is a series of slow movements which areaimed at trainning us physically and mentally.It isjust like a dance that requires you to look inside anddance to the internal rhythms instead of music.Itwas created thousands of years ago as a martial art and specifically as a defensive art.However, nowadays its martial aspect is not that popular.It is practiced by thousands ofpeople around the world mostly because of its miraculous effects on human's health.It is oftencalled “meditation in motion” because it combines the body's movements with the calm andmeditative state of mind.1.修煉身心:可譯為train us physically and mentally 或者譯為 train the body and mind 此處譯文的us為補(bǔ)譯的內(nèi)容，為的是使英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整。

2.隨音樂起舞:應(yīng)譯為dance to the music,其中dance to是一種固定表達(dá)方式，表示“隨著…起舞”之意。

3.一種自衛(wèi)的技藝:應(yīng)譯為a defensive art。這里的“技藝”指“手腳靈巧，有技能”，所以不能翻譯成technique。

4.它對于人類健康的神奇作用:翻譯為its miraculous effects on human's health,其中要注意與effects搭配使用的介詞為on。

5.將結(jié)合起來:對應(yīng)的英文表達(dá)為combine...with...參考翻譯:英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題5：臉譜

臉譜(facial makeup)在中國戲曲中是一種特殊的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)形式。它們淸楚地展示了不同角色的外表，還有他們的性情(disposition)和道德品質(zhì)。臉譜也有助于表達(dá)對角色的褒貶。臉譜有不同的顏色,如紅、黃、藍(lán)、白、黑、紫、綠、金和銀。臉譜的主色象征著人物的性情。例如，紅色代表忠誠、勇氣和正直，金色和銀色通常用于神靈。臉譜可以輔助男女演員在表演中表達(dá)情感。

參考翻譯:

Facial makeup is a special art form in Chineseoperas.They distinctly show the appearances ofdifferent roles as well as their dispositions and moraltraits.In addition, facial makeups also serve toexpress praise or condemnation toward thecharacters.Different colors such as red, yellow, blue, white, black, purple, green, gold and silverare used for facial makeups.The main color in a facial makeup symbolizes the disposition ofthe character.For example,red indicates devotion,courage and uprightness, while gold andsilver are usually used for gods and spirits.Facial makeups can assist the actors and actresses inexpressing their feelings when they act.1.它們清楚地展示了不同角色的外表，還有他們的性情和道德品質(zhì)：“清楚地” 可譯為distinctly。“展示不同角色的外表”可譯為show the appearances of different roles。“還有”在該句中等同于“也”，可以用as well as來表達(dá)?！靶郧椤?和“道德品質(zhì)”可以分別譯為dispositions和moral traits。

2.臉譜也有助于表達(dá)對角色的褒貶：“有助于表達(dá)”可譯為serve to express,在這里serve是“對...有用”的意思。“對角色的褒貶”可譯為praise or condemnation toward the characters。

3.臉譜可以輔助男女演員在表演中表達(dá)情感：該句可譯為一個復(fù)合句，可以理解為“在男女演員表演時，臉譜可以幫助他們表達(dá)情感”，即Facial makeups assist the actors and actresses in expressing theirfeelings when they act。其中“輔助”可譯為assist。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題6：皮影戲

皮影戲(shadow play)是中國最古老的戲劇之一。它起源于2000多年前的古長安，盛行于唐代和宋代。在中國古代，這是一個流行的民間戲曲形式，而且它是世界電影的祖先。當(dāng)時，它就像現(xiàn)代的電影和電視一樣給人們帶來歡樂。表演者跟著音樂歌唱，同時控制著皮影工具。這些戲劇的內(nèi)容更多是關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)的歷史戲畫中。皮影戲是世界文化和藝術(shù)大家庭中的瑰寶。

參考翻譯:

Shadow play is one of the oldest operas in China.It was rooted in ancient Chang'an over 2,000 years ago and prevailed in the Tang and Song Dynasties.It was a popular folk drama in ancient China and also the ancestor of films in the worid.At that time, it brought people pleasure as modern movies and TVs do.Actors sing with the music, and control shadow tools at the same time.The contents of those plays are more about traditional historical dramas and fable stories.Shadow play is the treasure among the world's cultures and arts.1.它起源于2000多年前的古長安，盛行于唐代和宋代：“起源于”可譯為be rooted in?！笆⑿杏凇笨勺g為prevail in, prevail意為“盛行，流行”。

2.當(dāng)時，它就像現(xiàn)代的電影和電視一樣給人們帶來歡樂：“當(dāng)時”可譯為at that time?！熬拖瘳F(xiàn)代的電影和電視一樣”可用as引導(dǎo)的從句來表示，即as modern movies and TVs do?！敖o人們帶來歡樂”可譯為bring people pleasure。

3.表演者跟著音樂歌唱，同時控制著皮影工具：“跟著音樂歌唱”可譯為sing with the music, with意為“跟著，隨著”?！巴瑫r”可譯為at the same time,還可譯為meanwhile、in the meantime。“控制著皮影工具”中“控制”可譯為control,常用短語為incontrol(控制中)，out of control(失去控制)等?！捌び肮ぞ摺眲t為shadow tools。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題7：蠟染

據(jù)說在中國,蠟染(wax printing)早在秦末或者漢初就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，但它最初作為成品出現(xiàn)是在唐朝。蠟染是“絲綢之路”的商品之一，這些商品被出口到歐洲和其他地方。蠟染在中國是代代傳承下來的。它是苗族(Miao ethnic minority)獨(dú)特的繪畫和手工染色工藝。作為中國最具有民族特色的藝術(shù)之一，蠟染產(chǎn)品的種類很多，有墻上掛飾、郵包、書包、桌套等等。

參考翻譯:

It is believed that wax printing appeared in China asearly as the late Qin or early Han Dynasty, but it firstoccurred as a finished product during the TangDynasty.It was one of “the Silk Road“ goods thatwere exported to Europe and elsewhere.Wax printinghas been passed down from generation to generation in China.It is a unique drawing anddyeing handwork of the Miao ethnic minority.As one of the most characteristic national artsin China, wax printing products are various including wall hangings, letter bags, bags, table-clothes and so on.1.據(jù)說在中國，蠟染早在秦末或者漢初就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn):“據(jù)說”可譯為it is said that 或it is believed that。表示時間狀語的詞“秦末”和“漢初”分別可譯為the late Qin Dynasty和the early Han Dynasty。“早在”可翻譯為as early as。

2.但它最初作為成品出現(xiàn)是在唐朝:該句中的“出現(xiàn)”可譯為occur,避免與上文重復(fù)，其是不及物動詞?！俺善贰笨勺g為a finished product,動詞的過去分詞可以表示動作已完成。

3.蠟染在中國是代代傳承下來的:“代代”可譯為from generation to generation, from…to意為“從一個到另一個' “流傳’’可譯為pass down。

4.中國最具有民族特色的藝術(shù)之一:“最…之一”可翻譯為“one of the+形容詞最高級”的形式?！懊褡逄厣乃囆g(shù)”可譯為characteristic national art。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題8：算盤

算盤(abacus)是一種手動操作計(jì)算輔助工具形式。它起源于中國，迄今已有2600多年的歷史，是中國古代的一項(xiàng)重要發(fā)明。在阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字(Arabic numerals)出現(xiàn)前，算盤是世界廣為使用的計(jì)算工具。現(xiàn)在，算盤在亞洲和中東的部分地區(qū)繼續(xù)使用，尤其見于商店之中，可以從供應(yīng)中國商品和日本商品的商店里買到。在西方，它有時被用來幫助小孩子們理解數(shù)字，而一些數(shù)學(xué)家喜歡體驗(yàn)一下使用算盤計(jì)算出簡單算術(shù)(arithmetical)問題的感覺。

參考翻譯:

Abacus

An abacus is a form of manually operated counting aid.It has originated in China over 2,600 years ago.It is one of the most important inventions of ancient China.The abacus used to be the most widely used calculation tool before the appearance of Arabic numerals.At present, abacuses continue to be used in parts of Asia and the Middle East, especially in the shops, and they are available in stores which stock Chinese or Japanese goods.In the West, it is sometimes used to help young children grasp numbers, and some mathematicians enjoy experimenting with the abacus to work out simple arithmetical problems.注意事項(xiàng)：

1.計(jì)算輔助工具形式:翻譯為a form of manually operated counting aid,其中aid一詞本意為“有助之物”，用在此處表示“輔助工具”已比較貼切，不必再將“工具”二字譯出。

2.理解數(shù)字:翻譯為grasp numbers,其中g(shù)rasp—詞表示“全面領(lǐng)會、理解”之意，用在此處很恰當(dāng)?shù)刈g出了原文“理解”一詞的含義。

3.體驗(yàn):翻譯為experimenting,此處原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是數(shù)學(xué)家親自體驗(yàn)用算盤做簡單算術(shù)題，因此有“實(shí)驗(yàn)”的含義，故選用experimenting—詞。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題9：煤炭

中國是全球最大的煤炭生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國。煤炭占中國能源消費(fèi)(energy consumption)的很大一部分。在未來，煤炭在中國總體能源消費(fèi)中所占的份額將有所減少。但煤炭消費(fèi)仍將繼續(xù)呈絕對上升態(tài)勢。中國今天面臨著嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境問題，而煤炭在造成空氣污染方面起了很大作用。盡管中國的煤炭資源很豐富，但 是我們應(yīng)該開始尋找替代資源(substitute resources)。這樣不僅能造福環(huán)境，從長遠(yuǎn)看也會換來經(jīng)濟(jì)回報。

英語四級翻譯參考翻譯10:

China is the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world.Coal takes up a huge part of China’s energy consumption.In the future, coal’s share of China’s overall energy consumption will decrease.However, coal consumption will continue torise in absolute terms.China faces serious environmental issues today.Coal play a big part in causing air pollution.Although coal resource in China is abundant, should start looking for the substitute resources.It can not only benefit environment, but will also bring economic payoff in the long run.注意事項(xiàng)：

1.煤炭占中國能源消費(fèi)的很大一部分“:占”即“占據(jù)”，可譯為take up;“能源消費(fèi)”可譯為 energy consumption。

2.但煤炭消費(fèi)仍將繼續(xù)呈絕對上升態(tài)勢“:呈絕對上升態(tài)勢”可翻譯為rise in absolute terms。

3.這樣不僅能造福環(huán)境，從長遠(yuǎn)看也會換來經(jīng)濟(jì)回報:“不僅…也 not only...but also…來表達(dá);“造?！笨煞g為benefit;“經(jīng)濟(jì)回報”可翻譯為economic payoff。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題：風(fēng)箏

風(fēng)箏是中國的一個發(fā)明，被贊譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)的先驅(qū)。它為科學(xué)的發(fā)展和飛機(jī)的生產(chǎn)做出了貢獻(xiàn)。第一架飛機(jī)的形狀便是根據(jù)風(fēng)箏造出來的。中國最早的風(fēng)箏都是用木頭做的，最早可追溯到至少兩千年前的戰(zhàn)國時期(the Warring StatesPeriod)。紙被發(fā)明后，人們開始使用這種新材料制作風(fēng)箏。早期的風(fēng)箏被用于軍事目的。據(jù)歷史文獻(xiàn)記載，那時風(fēng)箏的尺寸很大，有些大到足以能夠把人帶到空中來觀察敵人的行動。

參考翻譯:

The kite, a Chinese invention, has been praised asthe forerunner of modern aeroplane.It hascontributed to the development of science andproduction of aeroplanes.The first plane was shapedafter the kite.The earliest Chinese kites were made ofwood which can date back as far as the Warring States Period,at least two millennia ago.Afterthe invention of paper, kites began to be made of this new material.Early kites were used formilitary purposes.Historical records say they were large in size;some were large enough tocarry men up in the air to observe enemy movements.1.風(fēng)箏是中國的一個發(fā)明，被贊譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)的先驅(qū):“發(fā)明”可譯為invention, “中國四大發(fā)明”則可譯為the fourancient Chinese。

2.它為科學(xué)的發(fā)展和飛機(jī)的生產(chǎn)做出了貢獻(xiàn)：“做出貢獻(xiàn)”可譯為contribute to, 也可譯為make contributions to,要注意這里的to是介詞。英語中to是介詞的短語還有be usedto(習(xí)慣于)，be addicted to(沉溺于),be devotedto(獻(xiàn)身于)，be adjusted to(適應(yīng))等。

3.最早可追溯到至少兩千年前的戰(zhàn)國時期：“最早可追溯到”可譯為date as far back as,也可譯為date backas early/far as。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題11：環(huán)保

隨著世界人口越來越密集(densely populated),空氣污染已經(jīng)成了嚴(yán)重的問題?？諝馕廴局饕獊碓从谒膫€主要的人類活動領(lǐng)域：工業(yè)、能源業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)以及農(nóng)業(yè)。經(jīng)營工廠,為火車、飛機(jī)和公共汽車提供動力都需要能源。幾乎所有這些能源都是通過燃燒燃料產(chǎn)生的,這就會造成空氣污染?？茖W(xué)家們正在研究能減少環(huán)境破壞的新發(fā)電方式。增強(qiáng)的公共環(huán)保意識使諸如回收利用(recycling)等活動產(chǎn)生。

翻譯范文：

As the world is getting more and more denselypopulated,air pollution has become a severeproblem.Air pollution mainly derives from four majorhuman activity sectors:industry,energy,transportation andagriculture.Energies are needed to run factories,to power trains,planes and buses.Nearly all ofthese energies are produced by burning fuels,which would cause air pollution.Scientists arestudying new ways of generating electricity that can be less damaging to the environment.Theincreased public environmental awareness has led to the advent of activities such as recycling.翻譯詳解：

1.隨著世界人口越來越密集，污染已經(jīng)成了嚴(yán)重的問題:“隨著”可譯為as,這句話可以用as引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語從句來翻譯。

2.科學(xué)家們正在研究能減少環(huán)境破壞的新發(fā)電方式:這個句子可翻譯為包含定語從句的句子，new ways是先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞是that。其中“研究”可用動詞study 表示;“發(fā)電”可譯為generate electricity;“減少環(huán)境破壞”即“對環(huán)境的破壞更少”可譯為be less damaging to the environment。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題12：水墨畫

水墨畫(ink wash painting)是一種毛筆畫?；舅嬛皇褂蒙顪\不一的黑色墨水。唐朝時，水墨畫得到發(fā)展。人們普遍認(rèn)為是王維將顏色加入到當(dāng)時的水墨畫中。水墨畫的目標(biāo)不僅僅是復(fù)制物體的外觀，還要捕捉它的靈魂。要想畫一匹馬，水墨畫家必須了解馬的肌肉和骨骼，更要了解馬的氣質(zhì)(temperament)。要想畫一朵花，水墨畫家并不需要完全描摹它的花瓣和顏色，重要的是傳達(dá)它的活力和芳香。

參考翻譯:

Ink wash painting is a type of brush painting.Onlyblack ink is used for the painting of basic ones, invarious concentrations.During the Tang Dynasty,inkwash painting got developed.Wang Wei is generallycredited as the painter who applied color to existingink wash paintings.The goal of ink wash painting is not simply to reproduce the appearanceof a subject,but to capture its soul.To paint a horse,the ink wash painting artist mustunderstand its temperament better than its muscles and bones.To paint a flower,there is noneed to perfectly portray its petals and color,but it is essential to convey its liveliness andfragrance.1.基本水墨畫只使用深淺不一的黑色墨水：該句可以理解為“基本水墨畫只可以用黑色墨水來畫，而且墨水要有不同的濃度”。

2.人們普遍認(rèn)為是王維將顏色加入到當(dāng)時的水墨畫中：該句可譯為帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句，主語可定為Wang Wei,謂語則是is generally credited,即“被普遍認(rèn)為”也有“人們普遍認(rèn)為”的意思。

3.要想畫一匹馬，水墨畫家必須了解馬的肌肉和骨骼，更要了解馬的氣質(zhì)：“要想畫一匹馬”可用to do結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，即to paint a horse?！傲私?..更要了解…”有比較的意味，即“了解…好過了解…”，可以翻譯為underetand...better than...,其中“氣質(zhì)”可以用temperament來表達(dá)。

4.要想畫一朵花，水墨畫家并不需要完全描摹它的花瓣和顏色，重要的是傳達(dá)它的活力和芳香：“不需要做某事”可譯為there is no need to do,為英語中常用句型，表示“沒有必要做某事”。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題15：孫悟空

孫悟空，也稱為猴王(Monkey King)，是中國古典小說《西游記》(Journey to the West)中的一個主要角色。在小說中，猴王從一塊巖石中出生，通過道教髙人(Taoist master)的教授獲得了超自然的力量。他可以將自己變成七十二種不同的形象，還可以用筋斗云代步，一個筋斗(somersault)可以翻十萬八千里。孫悟空是中國文學(xué)歷史最悠久的人物之一。即使在今天他依然深受中國兒童的喜愛。

參考翻譯:

Sun Wukong, also known as the Monkey King, is amain character in the classical Chinese novel Journeyto the West.In the novel, the Monkey King was bornout of a rock and acquired supernatural powersthrough instruction of Taoist master.He cantransform himself into seventy-two different images.Using clouds as a vehicle, he can travel108,000 miles with a single somersault.Sun Wukong is one of the most enduring Chineseliterary characters.He is deeply loved by the children in China even today.1.孫悟空，也稱為猴王，是中國古典小說《西游記》中的一個主要角色:“也稱為猴王”是主語補(bǔ)足語，可譯為alsoknown as the Monkey King。“主要角色”可譯為maincharacter，character為多義詞，可表示“漢字;性格;人物”?！爸袊诺湫≌f”可譯為the classical Chinese novel,classical意為“古典的”，而classic則意為“經(jīng)典的”，注意它們拼寫的不同。

2.在小說中，猴王從一塊巖石中出生，通過道教高人的教授獲得了超自然的力量:“從巖石中出生”可譯為be born out of a rock, out of意為“從...出來，出于”，如out of sympathy意為“出于同情”。句中的“通過道教高人的教授”可譯為through instruction of Taoist master。

3.他可以將自己變成七十二種不同的形象:“變成”可譯為transform into, transform意為“改變，變換”，其名詞形式為transformation?！靶蜗蟆笨勺g為image。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題16：酒文化

中國人在7000年以前就開始用谷物釀酒。總的來說，不管是古代還是現(xiàn)代，酒都和中國文化息息相關(guān)。長久以來，中國的酒文化在人們生活中一直扮演著重要的角色。我們的祖先在寫詩時以酒助興，在宴會中和親朋好友敬酒。作為一種文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴會、送別晚宴、婚禮慶典等。

參考譯文：

Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago.Generally speaking, winehas a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times.Chinese wine culturehas been playing a quite important role in Chinese people's life for a long time.Our ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast.Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday parties, farewell dinners, weddings, etc.重點(diǎn)詞匯：

谷物：grains

釀酒：make wine;make spirits

敬酒：propose a toast;make a toast

不可分割的：impartible;inseparable

送別晚宴：farewell dinners 英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題：魯迅

魯迅是作家周樹人的筆名，生于1881年，其家庭有深厚的儒家背景(Confucian background)。由于家道中落，魯迅的童年充滿了苦難。1904年，他去了日本仙臺學(xué)醫(yī)，但很快意識到中國對“精神醫(yī)學(xué)”的需要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過治療身體疾病的需要。因此，魯迅在1906年回到東京,決定放棄醫(yī)學(xué),投身于教育和文學(xué)事業(yè)。他一直被視為中國20世紀(jì)最偉大的現(xiàn)代作家。毛主席稱他為“中國文化革命的主將”。

參考翻譯:

Lu Xun is the pen name of the writer born as ZhouShuren in 1881 in a family with a deep Conflicianbackground.Owing to the decline of his familyfortunes,Lu Xun’s childhood was filled withhardship.In 1904, he went to Sendai, in Japan,tostudy medicine,but he soon realized that China needed far more”spiritual medicine”,thantreatment for physical ills.Therefore, he returned to Tokyo in 1906，and decided to give upstudying medicine and devote himself to education and literature.Lu Xun has been consideredas China's greatest modern writer during the 20th century.Chairman Mao called him“commander of China's cultural revolution”.1.魯迅是作家周樹人的筆名，生于1881年，其家庭有深厚的儒家背景：“筆名” 可譯為penname。句中的“有”可用with來翻譯，所以“有深厚的儒家背景”就是：with a deepConfucian background。

2.因此，魯迅在1906年回到東京，決定放棄醫(yī)學(xué)，投身于教育和文學(xué)事業(yè)：“投身于”可譯為devote oneself to,devote意為“投身、貢獻(xiàn)”。

3.毛主席稱他為“中國文化革命的主將”:“稱”可譯為call, call可以跟雙賓語，常用表達(dá)是call sb.sth.“中國文化革命的主將”可譯為commander of China’s cultural revolution。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題17：家庭暴力

家庭暴力(domestic violence)指的是在親密關(guān)系(intimate reiationship)中一方對另一方的虐待。通常來說，受害者是兒童和婦女。在中國古代，人們認(rèn)為男人有權(quán)利懲罰他的孩子和妻子。廣義上講，家庭暴力不局限于明顯的身體暴力，它也有許多其他的形式。關(guān)于家庭暴力產(chǎn)生的原因，出現(xiàn)了許多不同的理論，比如犯罪者的性格和心理特征。外部因素也有影響，比如犯罪者所處的環(huán)境。然而，沒有一種理論能涵蓋所有情況。

參考譯文:

Domestic violence refers to the abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship.Commonly the victims are children and women.In ancient China, people believe that a man has the right to punish his children and wife.In a broad sense, domestic violence is not limited to obvious physical violence.There are many other forms of violence.Many different theories are brought up as to the causes of domestic violence,such as the the perpetrators'personality and mental characteristics.External factors also play a part,such as the perpetrators'surroundings.However, no theory seems to cover all cases.1.家庭暴力指的是在親密關(guān)系中一方對另一方的虐待:“家庭暴力”可譯為domestic violence;“親密關(guān)系”可翻譯為intimate relationship;“虐待”可翻譯為abuse。

2.有權(quán)利懲罰:可翻譯為have the right to punish.3.身體暴力:可翻譯physical violence。

4.外部因素:可翻譯為external factors。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題18：漢語熱

漢語熱指近年來越來越多的外國人開始學(xué)習(xí)漢語的現(xiàn)象。在很多國家，學(xué)漢語的人數(shù)在迅速增長。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，全世界已有109個國家、3000多所高等學(xué)校開設(shè)了漢語課程。一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，他們學(xué)習(xí)漢語的主要目的是去中國旅游、從事貿(mào)易活動、了解中國和中國文化。漢語熱背后的原因是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，它使中國的國際地位和影響力得到了提升。全球“漢語熱”傳達(dá)了世界各國人民渴望了解中國文化的信息。

參考譯文：

Chinese language craze refers to the phenomenon that a growing number of foreigners start to learn Chinese.The number of Chinese learners increases rapidly in many countries.According to statistics,more than 3000 institutions of higher education in 109 countries are offering courses on Chinese language.A survey indicates that they learn Chinese for the main purpose of travelling in China, engaging in trade activities and knowing China and the Chinese culture.The underlying reasons for this craze lie in the rapid development of China’s economy, which enhances the international status and the influence of China.This global Chinese language craze conveys a message that people around the world are eager to know the Chinese culture.重點(diǎn)詞匯：

普及：popularize

漢語熱：Chinese language craze/fever;Mandarin craze

越來越多：a growing number of;more and more

據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)：according to statistics/figures

開設(shè)漢語課程：offer courses on Chinese language/Mandarin

顯示：indicate/show

從事：engage in / deal with

貿(mào)易活動：trade activity

背后的原因：underlying reason;reason behind

國際地位：international status 傳達(dá)：convey / deliver 英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題19：自駕游

自駕游(self-driving tour)屬于自助旅游的一種，是近年來我國新興的旅游方式。自駕游在選擇目的地、參與程序和體驗(yàn)自由等方面給旅游者提供了伸縮自如的空間，與傳統(tǒng)的參團(tuán)旅游(group tour)相比具有本身的特點(diǎn)和魅力。隨著自駕車旅游者的增多，自駕游市場已具規(guī)模，越來越多的旅行社、汽車 俱樂部、汽車租賃(car rentals)公司看好并涉足這一市場的開發(fā)。

參考翻譯:

Self-driving tour, a sort of self-help travel, is anemerging mode of travel in China in recent years.It provides travelers with great flexibility inselecting destinations, participating procedures andexperiencing freedom, which endow it with differentiating characteristics and charms fromthe traditional group tour.As the self-driving tourists increase, the self-driving tour markethas begun to take shape;more and more travel agencies, car clubs and car rentals areoptimistic about it and engage in market development.1.自助旅游:即自給自足式的旅游，可譯為self-servicetravel或者self-help travel。

2.新興的旅游方式:可譯為 an emerging mode oftravel。

3.目的地:可譯為destination。

4.提供了伸縮自如的空間:此句直譯不好表達(dá)原文意思，原文可理解為“提供了 很大的靈活性”，故可譯為 providestravelers with great flexibility。

5.看好并涉足:“看好”可譯為be optimistic about,表示“對…持樂觀態(tài)度，看好”，“涉足”譯為engage in。

英語四級翻譯練習(xí)題20：旗袍

旗袍(cheongsam)是獨(dú)具中國特色的女性服飾，在高端時尚的國際世界中日益流行。它上身容易，穿著舒適，而且特別適合中國女性的身材。旗袍衣領(lǐng)髙，領(lǐng)部閉合，根據(jù)季節(jié)和品味不同，旗袍有短袖、中袖和長袖可供選擇。旗袍右側(cè)系扣，胸部寬松，腰部合身。它的好處在于可以使用多種材質(zhì)，并以不同長度制作，因此在休閑和正式場合都可穿著。無論身處何種場合，旗袍都給人帶來一種簡潔而安靜的魅力，顯得優(yōu)雅而整潔。

參考翻譯:

The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctiveChinese features and enjoys a growing popularity inthe international world of high fashion.Easy to slipon and comfortable to wear, the cheongsam fits wellthe female Chinese figure.Its neck is high，collarclosed, and its sleeves may be either short, medium or full length, depending on seasons andtastes.The dress is buttoned on the right side, with a loose chest and a fitting waist.The beautyof the cheongsam is that, made of different materials and to varying lengths, it can be worneither on casual or formal occasions.In either case, it creates an impression of simple and quietcharm, elegance and neatness.1.旗袍是獨(dú)具中國特色的女性服飾，在高端時尚的國際世界中日益流行:“獨(dú)具中國特色”可譯為with distinctiveChinese features,與distinctive搭配的常用短語還有：distinctive features(獨(dú)特特征)、distinctivesmell(獨(dú)特氣味)、distinctive capabilities(特殊能力)，“日益流行”可譯為enjoy a growing popularity,這是英語中常用的短語;“高端時尚”可譯為high fashion。

2.上身容易，穿著舒適，旗袍特別適合中國女性的身材:“上身容易”和“穿著舒適”分別可譯為easy to slip on和comfortable to wear，兩個結(jié)構(gòu)為對等結(jié)構(gòu)，其中slip on就有“一下子穿上”的意思;"特別適合”可譯為fitwell, fit作動詞,表示“適合，合身”fit作形容詞可表示“健康的”，如：keep fit(保持健康);“中國女性的身材”可譯為the female Chinese figure。

3.它的好處在于可以使用多種材質(zhì)，并以不同長度制作，因此在休閑和正式場合都可穿著：“它的好處在于”可翻譯為The beauty of the cheongsam is that,后跟一個表語從句，在這里beauty表示“好處，優(yōu)點(diǎn)”;表語從句中可以使用多種材質(zhì)，并以不同長度制作”可用過去分詞和介詞短語來翻譯，即made of differentmaterials and to varying lengths;提到“不同”，最常用的詞無疑是different,但這里用varying更為合適，different強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“差異”，而varying強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“多樣化”;“休閑場合”可譯為casual occasions;“正式場合”可譯為formal occasions。

第二篇：新四級段落翻譯練習(xí)題

1.中國將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、擴(kuò)大開放，這對 海外企業(yè)（enterprises）意味著更多的商機(jī)。改革開放以來，中國企業(yè)與海外企業(yè)一直 積極開展經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作，并取得了巨大成 就。海外企業(yè)不僅幫助了中國企業(yè)的成長，而且也在合作中獲得了收益。中國政府將 繼續(xù)提供有利的政策和條件，推動中國企 業(yè)與國外企業(yè)進(jìn)一步開展合作。

2.獅舞（Lion Dance）是中國最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈 之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視 為是能帶來好運(yùn)的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅 子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅(qū)趕邪惡、保護(hù) 人類。據(jù)記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），獅舞就已經(jīng)被引入 了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival）和其他節(jié)日的習(xí)俗，人們以此來祈禱好 運(yùn)、平安和幸福。.假日經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)象表明：中國消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi) 觀正在發(fā)生巨大變化。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，中 國消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)需求正在從基本生活必需 品轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)π蓍e、舒適和個人發(fā)展的需求。同時，中國人的消費(fèi)觀在蓬勃發(fā)展的假日 經(jīng)濟(jì)中正變得成熟。因此產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)做相 應(yīng)調(diào)整，來適應(yīng)社會的發(fā)展。另一方面，服務(wù)質(zhì)量要改善，以滿足人們提高生活質(zhì) 量的要求。.端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀(jì)念愛國詩人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠和受人敬仰的大 臣（minister）,他給國家?guī)砹撕推胶头睒s。但最后因?yàn)槭艿秸u謗（vilify）而最終投河自 盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾 千年來，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是 在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

5.中國人飲茶，注重一個“品”字?！捌凡琛辈坏氰b別茶的優(yōu)劣，也帶有神思遐想和領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶，擇雅靜之處，自斟自飲，可以消除疲勞、滌煩益思、振奮精神，也可以細(xì)啜慢飲，達(dá)到美的享受，使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界。品茶的環(huán)境一般由建筑物、園林、擺設(shè)、茶具等因素組成。飲茶要求安靜、清新、舒適、干凈。中國園林世界聞名，山水風(fēng)景更是不可勝數(shù)。利用園林或自然山水間，搭設(shè)茶室，讓人們小憩，意趣盎然。

6.中國是文明古國，禮儀之邦，很重禮節(jié)。凡來了客人，沏茶、敬茶的禮儀是必不可少的。當(dāng)有客來訪，可征求意見，選用最合來客口味的茶葉和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人飲茶時，要注意客人杯、壺中的茶水殘留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加開水，隨喝隨添，使茶水濃度基本保持前后一致，水溫適宜。在飲茶時也可適當(dāng)佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)口味和點(diǎn)心之功效。

China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum.Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them.Before serving tea, you may ask them for their

preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups.In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle.Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed;and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking.Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's hunger.7.絲綢之路是歷史上橫貫歐亞大陸的貿(mào)易交通線，在歷史上促進(jìn)了歐亞非各國和中國的友好往來。中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)，在經(jīng)由這條路線進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易中，中國輸出的商品以絲綢最具代表性。因此，當(dāng)?shù)聡乩韺W(xué)家Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthoren最早在19世紀(jì)70年代將之命名為“絲綢之路”后，即被廣泛接受。同時，它也是一條東方與西方之間經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化進(jìn)行交流的主要道路。洞庭湖是中國第二大淡水湖。洞庭湖畔的岳陽樓，是中國三大名樓中唯一保持原址原貌的國家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)文物。岳陽樓所處的位置極好，它屹立于岳陽古城之上，背靠岳陽城，俯瞰洞庭湖，遙對君山島，北依長江，南通湘江。自古以來，就是人們觀光旅游的好地方。

Lake Dongting is China’s second largest freshwater lake.Yueyang Tower, which is located on its shores, is a national key cultural relic for protection as the only one of China’s famous towers that is kept in its original condition at its original site.The tower is very favorably located, standing as it does on Yueyang’s ancient city wall with the city behind and overlooking Lake Dongting to the distant Junshan Isle;to its north is the Yangtze River and to the south the Xiang River.Since ancient times, the tower has been a good place for sightseeing and touring.9..目前，人類的生存環(huán)境正在遭到破壞，美麗的大自然已經(jīng)不那么美麗了。保護(hù)野生動物，也就是保護(hù)人婁自己。我強(qiáng)烈呼吁：不要再捕殺黑猩猩，不要再捕殺野生動物了，讓我們?nèi)祟惗嘁恍┑厍蛏系呐笥?，多給我們下一代保留一些野生動物吧!否則，地球?qū)缭谌祟愂种?，人類將毀滅在自己手中。At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful.Protection of wild life is protection of man himself.So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal.Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future generations.Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.10.近年來，中國城市化進(jìn)人加速階段，取得了極大的成就，同時也出現(xiàn)了種種錯綜復(fù)雜的問題。今天的城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)速度之快、規(guī)模之大、耗資之巨、涉及面之廣、尺度之大等已遠(yuǎn)非生產(chǎn)力低下時期所能及，建筑已成為一種重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動。

In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating phase.Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated problems.The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before.Virtually，building construction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.11.世界各地有3,600萬人染上了艾滋病—這比整個澳大利亞的人口還多。目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲則是頭號罪魁。在非洲，艾滋病使工人喪失工作，使家庭喪失經(jīng)濟(jì)來源，使父母喪失孩子。在7個非洲國家中，巧歲至49歲的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。

Throughout the world 36 million people are suffering from AIDS，which is more than the whole population of Australia.At present，AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death in the whole world，and the chief culprit in Africa.In Africa，it deprives jobs of the workers，families of incomings and children of their parents.In seven African countries，more than 20 percent of the 15-to-49-year-old population is infected with HIV.12.由于歷史、政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的原因，全世界講英語、用英語的人為數(shù)最多。但是英語之所以能在全球流行，除了上述原因之外，也和英語自身的一些特性和特點(diǎn)不無相關(guān)。其中最重要的一點(diǎn)就是英語特別容易接受和適應(yīng)—英語中的詞匯吸收了全世界幾乎所有主要語言的材料。

The English language is spoken or read by the largest number of people in the world for historical，political，and economic reasons.But it may also be true that the popularity of English language has much to do with some qualities and characteristics in itself.First and most important is its extraordinarily receptivity and adaptability-it has taken materials into its own vocabulary from almost all major languages in the world.13.會議期間，有3個問題受到了特別重視，它們是：加強(qiáng)和鞏固農(nóng)業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位和作用，提高農(nóng)民收人；調(diào)整和改進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，改進(jìn)和加快區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展；努力工作，加快下崗工人就業(yè)和再就業(yè)步伐，改善社會保障制度。

During the meeting，three aspects have been highlighted for special attention over next.They are：consolidate and strengthen the fundamental role of agriculture in the national economy and increase farmers' income；readjust and optimize the industrial structure for the promotion of coordinated development of regional economies；work hard to boost employment and the reemployment of laid-off workers，and improve the social security network．

14.當(dāng)今世界的競爭是人才的競爭。因此，黨中央決定從海外我們的留學(xué)生中，從香港、澳門、臺灣吸收和利用人才來加強(qiáng)我們在世界上的競爭能力。引進(jìn)這些人才的重點(diǎn)是那些開放程度越來越大、競爭越來越激烈的部門，比如說銀行、保險等行業(yè)，以及國有大型企業(yè)的管理層。

In today's world，competition among states is mainly a competition among talentedprofessionals.Therefore，it is a decision adopted by the CPC Central Committee to fully absorb and make use of the talented people among our overseas students and among the professionals in Hongkong，Macao and Taiwan.This will help us strengthen our competitive edge.The departments that would introduce talented people from outside are those that are exposed to increasingly fierce competition and that are open wider to the outsider world，such as banking，insurance industry，large state-owned enterprises，etc.15.我們中國是世界上最大的國家之一，它的領(lǐng)土和整個歐洲的面積差不多相等。在這個廣大的領(lǐng)土之上，有廣大的肥田沃地給我們以衣食之源；有縱橫全國的大小山脈，生長了廣大的森林，貯藏了豐富的礦產(chǎn)；有很多的江河湖澤，給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很長的海岸線，給我們以交通海外各民族的方便。

China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe.In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.16.如果我們的國家有比黃金還要貴重的誠信、有比大海還要寬廣的包容、有比愛自己還要寬廣的博愛、有比高山還要崇高的道德，那么我們這個國家就是一個具有精神文明和道德力量的國家。

If China can have a level of credibility and integrity that is more precious than gold, if China can be more receptive and inclusive than the ocean, if China can have fraternity rather than love for oneself, and if China can have an ethical standard higher than the mountains, I believe this country will have the moral strength and also will become a country with advanced cultural development.17.為了國家的富強(qiáng)，為了社會的公平正義，為了讓人們幸?？鞓返剡^得更好，為了讓孩子們上好學(xué)，為了使我們的民族在世界贏得應(yīng)有的尊嚴(yán)，我愿獻(xiàn)出我的全部心血和精力。

To ensure this country to become stronger and more prosperous, to build a society of equity and justice, to ensure the people live a happy life, our children can go to school and our nation is duly respected in the international community, I'm willing to dedicate myself wholeheartedly to this cause.

第三篇：英語四級段落翻譯練習(xí)題30篇

英語四級段落翻譯練習(xí)題30篇

一、目錄

1、西湖，2、長城，3、論語，4、中國制造，5、傳統(tǒng)美，6、生活的藝術(shù)，7、主動失業(yè)，8、湖泊，9、地域菜系，10、出境旅游，11、竺可楨，12、乒乓球，13、找工作，14、八大菜系，15、城市化進(jìn)程，16、人類文明演變，17、大學(xué)生就業(yè)選擇，18、全球變暖，19、茶馬古道，20、月光族，21、出境游，22、全球變暖，23、中國經(jīng)濟(jì)活動放緩，24、探望父母，25、端午節(jié)，26、教育公平，27、飲酒，28、筷子，29、臘八節(jié)，30、京劇

二、段落翻譯

1、西湖 西湖位于杭州市中心的西部，是江南三大名湖之一。由于西湖的緣故，杭州自古就被譽(yù)為“人間天堂”。西湖就像鑲嵌(inlay)在廣袤大地上的一顆璀璨的明珠，以其秀麗的風(fēng)景、聞名的古跡、燦爛的文化和豐富的特產(chǎn)而聞名。宋代大文豪蘇軾在西湖留下了“欲把西湖比西子，淡妝濃抹總相宜”的千古絕唱;白娘子的傳奇故事(The Legend ofWhite Snake)也給西湖增添了一層神秘色彩。

The West Lake

The West Lake, located in the western area of Hangzhou's center, is one of the top three lakes in the regions south of the Yangtze River.Because of it, Hangzhou has been acclaimed as“a heaven on earth” since ancient times.The West Lake is like a shining pearl inlaid on the vast land, renowned for its beautiful scenery, well-known historical sites, brilliant culture, and plentiful local specialties.The literary giant Su Shi in Song Dynasty left a poetic masterpiece through the ages there: The West Lake is like the beauty Xi Shi, who is always charming with either light or heavy make-up(rainy or shiny).The Legend of White Snake also brings the West Lake an air of mystery.2、長城 長城(the Great wall)又被稱作“萬里長城”，不僅是中華文明的瑰寶，也是中國古代人民智慧的結(jié)晶。長城是世界文化遺產(chǎn)(world cultural heritage)之一，更是中華民族的象征。其在建筑上的價值，足以與其在歷史和戰(zhàn)略上的重要性相媲美。長城現(xiàn)存的遺址有很多處，其中北京的八達(dá)嶺長城是馳名中外的景區(qū)，也是明代長城最具代表性的一段，每年都會接待來自世界各地的許多游客。

The Great Wall The Great Wall, which is also called “wan li chang cheng" in Chinese language, is not only the treasure of Chinese civilization, but also the masterpiece made by the ancient Chinese people.The Great Wall is not only one of the world cultural heritages, but the symbol of the Chinese nation.Its architectural value is comparable to its historical and strategic importance.Among the numerous remains of the Great Wall, Badaling in Beijing is the most popular destination that has won fame both at home and abroad.It can also be regarded as the most representative section of the Wall ever constructed during the Ming Dynasty.Every year it attracts many tourists from all over the world.3、論語 《論語》(The Analects of Confucius)是儒家的經(jīng)典著作之一，它是對孔子及其弟子(disciple)的言行和對話的記錄。眾所周知，孔子是一位偉大的思想家和哲學(xué)家，他的思想被1 發(fā)展成了的儒家哲學(xué)體系。《論語》是儒家思想的代表作，數(shù)個世紀(jì)以來，《論語》一直極大地影響著中國人的哲學(xué)觀和道德觀，它也影響著其他亞洲國家人民的哲學(xué)觀和道德觀。

The Analects of Confucius The Analects of Confucius is one of the Confucius classics and is a record of the words and acts of Confucius and his disciples, as well as the conversations they held.It's well-known that Confucius is a great ideologist and philosopher, and his thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism.The Analects of Confucius is a representative work of Confucianism.For centuries, it has been heavily influencing the philosophy and moral outlook of Chinese people and that of the people of other Asian countries as well.4、中國制造 中國公司想創(chuàng)造世界品牌，外國公司想增加在中國的銷量，這些都正改變著中國的設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)。中國制造商意識到，若他們想在本國市場脫穎而出，在外國市場嶄露頭角，就必須設(shè)計(jì)更好的產(chǎn)品。索尼這樣的外國公司也開始明白，從前海外公司常把隨便什么地方設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品拿到中國來賣，而現(xiàn)在，中國消費(fèi)者變得更加挑剔，他們不再那樣容易滿足了。

Made in China Chinese companies want to create world brands and the foreign companies want to increase the selling in China which all change the Chinese design industry.The Chinese manufacturers realize that they have to design better products if they want to stand out in the domestic markets as well as distinguish themselves in the foreign markets.Previously, the overseas companies always took the products which were designed in somewhere to Chinese market, but now the foreign companies such as Sony begins to realize that the Chinese consumers become more and more fastidious and no longer easy to be satisfied.分析: 若他們想在本國市場脫穎而出，在外國市場嶄露頭角，就必須設(shè)計(jì)更好的產(chǎn)品。這里的“脫穎而出”和“嶄露頭角意思相近”，我們盡量選擇不同的譯法，兩個詞語可以分別譯為“stand out”和“distinguish themselves”。

5、傳統(tǒng)美 對于一名女子來說，傳統(tǒng)美是她的唯一標(biāo)志。她的皮膚應(yīng)該天生麗質(zhì)，沒有皺紋，沒有疤痕，沒有瑕疵。她的身材應(yīng)該消瘦苗條，通常高挑個，雙腿修長，其中青春年少則是首要條件。所有在電視廣告中出現(xiàn)的“花容月貌”的靚女都符合這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這種形象是認(rèn)為的，是可以人工塑造的。許多婦女盡其所能來擺布和修改自己的容貌體態(tài)。

To a woman, the traditional beauty is her only mark.Her skin should be born smooth without wrinkles, scars or flaws.Her body should be slim and thin, and usually she is tall, having long legs.The youth is the primary condition.All of the beauties who have showed up in the TV commercials are fit for that criterion.This image is artificial and can be made by people.Many women do their best to decorate and modify their looks and figures.分析: 她的皮膚應(yīng)該天生麗質(zhì)，沒有皺紋，沒有疤痕，沒有瑕疵。本句中的“皺紋”，“疤痕”，“瑕疵”應(yīng)選意思最接近的英語詞匯，可譯為wrinkle,scar,flaw。

6、生活的藝術(shù) 在中國，人們對一切藝術(shù)的藝術(shù)，即生活的藝術(shù)，懂得很多。一個較為年輕的文明國家可能會致力于進(jìn)步;然而一個古老的文明國度，自然在人生的歷程上見多識廣，她所感興趣的自然是如何過好生活。就中國而言，由于有了中國的人文主義精神，把人當(dāng)作2 一切事物的中心，把人類幸福當(dāng)做知識的終結(jié)，于是，強(qiáng)調(diào)生活的藝術(shù)就是更為自然的事情了。但即使沒有人文主義，一個古老的文明也一定會有一個不同的價值尺度，只有這樣，它才會知道什么是“持久的生活樂趣”。任何一個民族，如果它不知道如何享受生活，那么，在我們的眼里，這個民族一定是粗野的，不文明的。

In China, people know a lot about the art of all arts, namely, the art of life.A comparatively young country will dedicate to the progress;however, an ancient civilized country is experienced and knowledgeable in the life road, and naturally she is interested in how to lead a good life.As to China, it is much more natural to emphasize the art of life because of the humanism spirit of China, taking people as the center of everything and making human being's happiness as the end of knowledge.Even if there is no humanism, an ancient civilization would also have its own value standard, and only in this way would it know what the “l(fā)asting life pleasure ”is.Any nation, if it does not know how to enjoy life, must be barbaric and uncivilized in our eyes.分析:

1.人文主義精神

基本素質(zhì)采分點(diǎn)?？勺g為humanism spirit。

2.任何一個民族，如果它不知道如何享受生活，那么，在我們的眼里，這個民族一定是粗野的，不文明的。

中文句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較松散，在翻譯成英文時我們要盡量使句子間有明顯的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。這里“如果?”引導(dǎo)的分句可以作為條件從句前置或內(nèi)嵌在主句中，“任何一個民族”就可以做主句的主語。

7、主動失業(yè) 截至2005年第三季度，全國勞動力市場供求狀況顯示，我國15歲至29歲的青年總體失業(yè)率達(dá)到了9%，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于4.5%的城鎮(zhèn)平均登記失業(yè)率。而在此之中，選擇主動失業(yè)的占到了一半以上。

“主動放棄就業(yè)機(jī)會的原因很多，但這些人都有一個共性，就是不會因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)原因餓死。至少在短時間內(nèi)。”復(fù)旦大學(xué)教授葛劍雄認(rèn)為，社會發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在，一些青年人的確具備了可以失業(yè)的條件。他們不用像上班族那樣刻板地工作，可是相比之下他們的生活卻格外“富足”。

Update to the third quarter of 2005,the supply and demand of the whole nation's labor force market indicated that the overall unemployment rate of our country's youth from the age of 15 to 29 was up to 9%,which was much higher than 4.5% of the average rural area register unemployment rate.Among this group,the number of people actively choosing to be unemployed was more than a half.“There are many reasons to give up the chance of employment,but those people have a common feature that they do not starve for economic reasons at least in a short period.”The professor Ge Jianxiong of Fudan University thought that some young people indeed had the conditions to be unemployed as the society develops to nowadays.They do not need to work routinely like the office workers,but comparatively their life was extremely “well-off”.分析: 選擇主動失業(yè)的占到了一半以上

“選擇主動失業(yè)”翻譯為:“choosing to be unemployed”。

8、湖泊 湖泊奇妙無比。蒼鷺(Heron)在岸邊緩緩地邁著步子，翠鳥(Kingfisher)和杜鵑換腳3 著從陽光里飛入樹蔭，火雞模樣的大鳥在枯枝間忙碌，鷹在頭上盤旋。我們毋庸為時間擔(dān)憂，可以從容地欣賞周圍的一切。我乘坐的獨(dú)木舟船頭坐著個男孩，他用簡陋的彈弓(sling)發(fā)射石彈擊打飛鳥。他擺出漂亮的架勢瞄準(zhǔn)飛鳥，卻一次又一次地偏離目標(biāo)：鳥總是飛出他的射程。他把彈弓塞回進(jìn)襯衣內(nèi)。我移開目光。

湖水與河水都如熱帶雨林中的樹葉那樣乳濁：那水是面紗，是窗簾，是畫屏。

This lake was amazing and wonderful.Herons plodded along the shores, Kingfishers and cuckoos clattered from sunlight to shade, great turkey like birds fussed in dead branches, and hawks hovered above us.There was all the time in the world.And we could appreciate everything surrounding by leisurely.The boy in the bow of my canoe slapped stones at birds with a simple sling, a rubber thong and leather pad.He aimed brilliantly at moving targets, missed again and again;the birds were out of his range.He stuffed his sling back in his shirt.Then I looked away.The lake and river waters were as opaque as rainforest leaves the water was veil, blind, painted screen.分析: 蒼鷺(Heron)在岸邊緩緩地邁著步子，翠鳥(Kingfisher)和杜鵑換腳著從陽光里飛入樹蔭，火雞模樣的大鳥在枯枝間忙碌，鷹在頭上盤旋。

這個句子中描繪的五種動物動作的動詞是翻譯重點(diǎn)，要選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯。另外杜鵑，鷹為常用鳥的名字，譯為cuckoo,hawk。

9、地域菜系 中國一個幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國家，每個民族都有其獨(dú)特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風(fēng)俗和其他因素的影響下經(jīng)過悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長處。

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points。

10、出境旅游 聯(lián)合國下屬機(jī)構(gòu)世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organization)公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國游客對全球旅游業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)最大。中國人去年花在出境游上的支出膨脹至1020億美元，同2011年相比增長了40%。聯(lián)合國世界旅游組織在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中說，這一增幅令中國迅速超越德國和美國。后兩者在之前是出境游支出最高的兩個國家。2012年德美兩國出境旅游支出均同比增長6%，約840億美元。

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a 4 statement on its website。

11、竺可楨 1936年竺可楨授命出任浙江大學(xué)校長。在此之前，他已經(jīng)是一位聲名卓著的自然科學(xué)家了。從1936年到1949年，竺可楨當(dāng)了十三年大學(xué)校長。在連綿不斷的戰(zhàn)爭、學(xué)運(yùn)的夾縫中，在極為惡劣的環(huán)境下，他跋涉五千里、五易校址、歷經(jīng)五省、顛沛流離，居然將這所他接手時只有三個學(xué)院、十六個系的大學(xué)辦成了擁有七個學(xué)院、二十七個學(xué)系全國最完整的兩所大學(xué)之一。

In 1936,Zhu Kezhen was appointed as the principal of Zhejiang University.Even before then,he had been a famous natural scientist.From 1936 to 1949,Zhu Kezhen worked as the university principal for 13 years.In the extremely hostile environment filled with converging attacks by continuous wars and various university affairs,being homeless and miserable,he trudged 5,000 li and drifted from place to place through 5 provinces,with the university location being changed 5 times.He actually developed the university into one of the nation's two most integrated universities composed of 7 schools and 27 departments,compared with only 3 schools and 16 departments when he took it over.分析: 他跋涉五千里、五易校址、歷經(jīng)五省、顛沛流離，顛沛流離:drifted from place to place,這個詞還有另外一層意思就是“無家可歸，生活痛苦”，為了意思表達(dá)的全面，將“homeless and miserable”以分詞形式作伴隨狀語譯出，可以表達(dá)這是一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。

12、乒乓球 乒乓球在中國是一項(xiàng)頗受歡迎和推崇的運(yùn)動。長期以來，它的確是中國唯一的運(yùn)動，似乎集足球、籃球和棒球于一身，但卻更受歡迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一個球、一張桌子和一張網(wǎng)而已，這些都易于臨時拼湊(improvise)。人們可以在休息間隙或消磨時間時打兵兵球。在中國的學(xué)校、工廠甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。

Table tennis is a sport which gains much popularity and praise in China.For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football, basketball and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular.Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised.People can play it when taking a break or killing time.You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China.13、找工作 如今，越來越多的大學(xué)生抱怨很難找到好工作。造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因如下：首先，大學(xué)生把在校的大多數(shù) 時間都用在了專業(yè)學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)上，只有當(dāng)他們開始找工作的時候，才意識到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。其次，大學(xué)生之間的競爭也越來越激烈，這導(dǎo)致任何一名大學(xué)生找到工作的機(jī)會都變小了。因此，強(qiáng)烈建議大學(xué)生在課余時間做一些兼職工作，以積累相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job.The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce.And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job.5 Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.難點(diǎn)精析

1.抱怨很難找到好工作：翻譯為complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困難”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。

2.只有當(dāng)他們開始找工作的時候，才意識到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)：翻譯為it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。‘‘只有當(dāng) 才 ’’用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it is only when?that?表示。，3.導(dǎo)致：翻譯為results in,同義短語有l(wèi)ead to和bring about，但是表示不好的結(jié)果時一般用短語result in。

4.強(qiáng)烈建議：翻譯為it is highly suggested that...，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替換，都表示“強(qiáng)烈建議做某事”。

5.積累相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)：翻譯為accumulate relevant working experience.14、八大菜系 中國一個幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國家，每個民族都有其獨(dú)特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風(fēng)俗和其他因素的影響下經(jīng)過悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長處。

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.15、中國城市化 中國城市化(urbanization)將會充分釋放潛在內(nèi)需(domestic demand)。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家指出，在中國幾乎所有的發(fā)展中城市都面臨著城市化的進(jìn)程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高，也為人們提供更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會。隨著越來越多的人向城市遷徙，住房及城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供應(yīng)將會成為城市發(fā)展的焦點(diǎn)問題。商品與服務(wù)的自由、快速流通是城市化社會的一項(xiàng)基本特征。逐漸擴(kuò)張的城市需要更多的零售店來滿足消費(fèi)者的需求。

China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand.Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country.It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities.The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities.Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city.But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation.The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society.Ex-panding cities require more 6 retail outlets to serve customers.16、人類文明演變 現(xiàn)代人類約公元前50000年第一次從中亞或印度來到中國。這些石器時代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿著毛皮。公元前4000年左右，這些人開始種植水稻，并飼養(yǎng)羊和雞。約公元前3000年，他們開始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中國人已進(jìn)入青銅時代(Bronze Age)，并開始用于寫字。約公元前700年，中國的金屬工人學(xué)會制作鐵器工具和武器。

Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC.These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather.By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens.By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses.By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing.By about 700 BC，Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.17、大學(xué)生就業(yè)選擇 許多剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生找不到工作，在校學(xué)生則擔(dān)心他們的未來。多個調(diào)查顯示，三分之二的中國畢業(yè)生想在政府或者國有企業(yè)工作，而不是為中國令人矚目的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長提供動力的民營企業(yè)。政府和國有企業(yè)被認(rèn)為能免受經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條的影響。如今幾乎沒有大學(xué)生愿意放棄政府的鐵飯碗而下海、加入初創(chuàng)企業(yè)或自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。

Many recent college graduates can’t find a job and students are fearful about their future.Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they want to work either in the government or state-owned firms，which are seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that have powered China’s remarkable economic climb, surveys indicate.Few college students today, according to the surveys, are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join startups or go into business.18、全球變暖

目前，全球變暖是一個熱門話題，但是有關(guān)全球變暖的各項(xiàng)證據(jù)似乎還有些不同的聲音。人們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道，地球的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了很多周期(cycle),盡管在歷史上還未出現(xiàn)過像今天這樣的時代，即高度工業(yè)化(industrialization)產(chǎn)生如此多的污染。全球變暖主要是由于二氧化碳?xì)怏w(carbon dioxide)的增多。

Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument.The earth is known to go through cycles;although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced.A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.19茶馬古道 茶馬古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)兩邊，生活著20多個少數(shù)民族。不同的地方有著各自美麗而神奇的自然風(fēng)景和傳統(tǒng)文化，比如:大理，麗江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅魯藏布江大峽谷和布達(dá)拉宮(Potala Palace)。古道的兩旁有廟宇、巖石壁畫、騷站(post house),古橋和木板路，還有少數(shù)民族舞蹈和民族服裝。時至今天，雖然這條古道的蹤跡都消失了，但它的文化和歷史價值仍然存在。

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, 7 post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.20、月光族 中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，帶來了消費(fèi)文化的日益流行，同時也催生了一批具有高學(xué)歷，充分享受資本主義消費(fèi)模式的年輕人，他們習(xí)慣于當(dāng)月工資當(dāng)月花。因而被稱為“月光族”(the moonlight group)?！霸鹿庾濉币辉~出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)90年代后期，是用來諷刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年輕人。

China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day.At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way.They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called the moon light group”.This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those born into wealth，who have received a high education, and who ap?preciate fast food culture.21、出境游 聯(lián)合國下屬機(jī)構(gòu)世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organization)公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國游客對全球旅游業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)最大。中國人去年花在出境游上的支出膨脹至1020億美元，同2011年相比增長了40%。聯(lián)合國世界旅游組織在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中說，這一增幅令中國迅速超越德國和美國。后兩者在之前是出境游支出最高的兩個國家。2012年德美兩國出境旅游支出均同比增長6%,約840億美元。

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.22、全球變暖 目前，全球變暖是一個熱門話題，但是有關(guān)全球變暖的各項(xiàng)證據(jù)似乎還有些不同的聲音。人們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道，地球的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了很多周期(cycle),盡管在歷史上還未出現(xiàn)過像今天這樣的時代，即高度工業(yè)化(industrialization)產(chǎn)生如此多的污染。全球變暖主要是由于二氧化碳?xì)怏w(carbon dioxide)的增多。

Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument.The earth is known to go through cycles;although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced.A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.23、中國經(jīng)濟(jì)活動放緩 就像向中國出售商品的公司會看到收益有損失一樣，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)活動放緩有著世界性的影響。包括澳大利亞、巴西和東南亞在內(nèi)的其他國家近年來都看到了巨大的利潤，因?yàn)橹袊鴮ψ匀毁Y源有需求。中國的需求下降巳經(jīng)對很多商品的價格有了影響。上周，中國財(cái)政部長樓繼偉表示,今年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長可能為7%,而這不一定是“底線”。

A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that 8 sell to China may see revenues suffer.Countries includ?ing Australia, Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand for natural resources.The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on the prices of many commodities.Last week，China’s Finance Minister Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year, and that this may not be the “bottom line”.24、探望父母 這周頒布的一項(xiàng)新法律要求子女必須經(jīng)常探望年齡超過60歲的父母，并確保他們經(jīng)濟(jì)和精神上的需求得到滿足。星期二，新華社報導(dǎo)了_條新聞，來自江蘇市無錫市的一位77歲的老太太起訴她的女兒忽略她。這是新法律生效后的第一起案件，當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄔ阂?guī)定她的女兒至少每月探望母親兩次，并提供財(cái)力支持。但是這項(xiàng)法律引發(fā)了爭議。有人說這給了那些因?yàn)楣ぷ?、學(xué)習(xí)或者其他原因搬離家鄉(xiāng)的人更多壓力。

A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met.On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her.In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support.But the law’s introduction has proved controversial.Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.25、端午節(jié) 農(nóng)歷五月初五的端午節(jié)(the Dragon Boat Festival)是個盛大的節(jié)日。它的另一名稱——“重五節(jié)”就來源于這個日期。這個節(jié)日根據(jù)一個廣為流傳的故事，演變?yōu)榧o(jì)念戰(zhàn)國時期(the Warring States Period)楚國偉大愛國詩人屈原的日子。如果事實(shí)果真如此，那么端午節(jié)已經(jīng)有大約2500年的存史了。端午節(jié)最盛行的活動是賽龍舟和吃粽子(rice dumpling)。自2008年以來，端午節(jié)在中國巳不僅僅是一個傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,還是公共假期。

The Dragon Boat Festival is a grand festival celebrated on the 5th day of 5th month of the Chinese lunar calendar.This is the source of the alternative name of Double Fifth Festival.According to a widely stated story, the festival developed to commemorate the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan of Chu State in Warring States Period.If that is true, Dragon Boat Festival has a history of about 2,500 years.The most popular activities of Dragon Boat festival are racing dragon boats and eating rice dumplings.Since 2008，Dragon Boat Festival has been celebrated not only as a festival but also a public holiday in China.26、教育公平為了促進(jìn)教育公平，中國已經(jīng)投入360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施和加強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育。這些資金用于改善教學(xué)設(shè)施、購買書籍，使16萬多所中小學(xué)收益。資金還用于購置音樂和繪畫器材?，F(xiàn)在農(nóng)村和山區(qū)的兒童可以與沿海城市的兒童一樣上音樂和繪畫課。一些為接受更好教育而轉(zhuǎn)往城市上學(xué)的學(xué)生如今又回到了本地農(nóng)村學(xué)校就讀。(2014年6月真題)In order to promote equity in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of educational facilities in rural areas and strengthening of rural compulsory education Midwest.These funds were used to improve the teaching facilities, purchase of books, so that more than 160,000 primary and secondary 9 income.Funds are also used to purchase music and painting equipment.Now children in rural and mountainous areas with children's coastal cities like music and painting lessons.Some receive a better education for the city school students now transferred back to the local rural schools now.27、飲酒 長期以來，飲酒(white spirit)在中國人的生活中一直扮演著重要的角色，無論是帝王還是百姓。飲酒是中國文化的一部分。中國人的祖先在作詩、寫散文時喜歡飲酒，在宴會上還會向親戚朋友敬酒。但飲酒不僅屬于文化人，也是普通人生活中不可缺少的一部分。人們在各種場合飲酒，如生日宴會、餞行宴會、婚禮宴會(wedding banquet)等。搬進(jìn)新房或生意開業(yè)時，也會邀請人們來吃飯、飲酒。

Drinking white spirit has been taking an important role in Chinese people's life from emperors to ordinary people for a long time.Drinking white spirit is a part of Chinese culture.Chinese ancestors enjoyed drinking white spirit while writing poems or proses and they also toasted their relatives and friends at the feast.But drinking white spirit is not only for scholars，it is also an indispensable part of Chinese ordinary people's life.People drink white spirit on various occasions, such as the birthday party，farewell dinner，wedding banquet, etc.When someone moves into a new house or starts doing business，he/she will invite people for dinner and drinking white spirit.28、筷子 筷子(chopstick)起源于中國古代，一直是中國飲食文化重要的一部分。我們的祖先喜歡吃蒸煮食物，但用勺子很難舀(spoon out)到湯里的蔬菜，所以發(fā)明了筷子。從此，筷子成為他們生活中最為方便的餐具(tableware),標(biāo)志著飲食文明的到來。如今，筷子除了具有餐具功能外，增添了很多新功能。熟練手藝人在筷子 上描繪美麗的風(fēng)景，使之變成精美的藝術(shù)品。許多人熱衷于收集筷子作為藏品。

Chopsticks originated in ancient China and have been an important part of Chinese food culture.Our ancestors liked to have steamed or boiled food，but it was difficult for them to spoon out vegetables from the soup, so they invented chopsticks.Thus chopsticks have become the most convenient tableware in their life and marked the coming of food civilization.Nowadays，chopsticks are added many new functions besides being used as one kind of tableware.Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful sceneries on them to make them look like fine artworks.Many people are keen to gather them as their collections.29、臘八節(jié) 臘八節(jié)(the Laba Festival)在農(nóng)歷最后一個月的第八天慶祝，標(biāo)志著春節(jié)慶祝 活動的開始?！芭D”指“臘月(the 12th lunar month)”，是農(nóng)歷第十二個月，“八”指的 是數(shù)字8。臘八節(jié)通常在1月中旬。大多數(shù)漢族人遵循臘八節(jié)喝臘八粥(Laba rice porridge)的習(xí)俗。臘八粥最早在宋朝傳入中國。據(jù)史料記載，一些大型寺廟會為窮人提供臘八粥來表達(dá)對佛祖(Buddha)的虔誠。明朝時，臘八粥成為皇帝在此節(jié)日賞賜群臣的神圣食物。

Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of the last lunar month, marking the beginning of celebrating the Chinese Spring Festival.La means the 12th lunar month and ba means the number eight.The date usually falls in mid-January.The majority of people from Han nationality has followed the tradition of eating Laba rice porridge on the Laba Festival.Laba rice porridge was first introduced to China in the Song 10 Dynasty.According to historical records, some large temples would offer the poor Laba rice porridge to show their faith to Buddha.In the Ming Dynasty, it became a holy food that emperors would use to award their officials on the festival.30、京劇 京劇(Beijing Opera)是中國的國粹。作為一門古老的藝術(shù)，京劇的服裝(costume)、臉譜(facial mask)更易被人喜愛。不同的服裝 類型反映不同的人物身份特征。富貴者的服裝綴滿精美的刺繡;窮困 者的服裝則簡單樸素，少有裝飾(elemental)。臉譜是京劇中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的顏色在臉上勾畫出來的。臉譜的顏 色讓人一看便知角色(portray)的善惡。比如白色代表奸詐(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黃色是驍勇，藍(lán)、綠色多用于綠林好漢(rebellious fighters)，金、銀色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture.As a tradi?tional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people.Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters.There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental.Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters.Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.11

第四篇：四級翻譯

Confucius）是春秋時期（the Spring and Autumn Period）的大思想家、大教育家和儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，是古代中國人心目中的圣人。孔子的言論和生平活動記錄在由他的弟子或再傳弟子編成的《論語》（The Analects）一書中?！墩撜Z》是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作。在孔子之后幾千年的中國歷史上，沒有哪一位思想家、文學(xué)家和政治家不受《論語》的影響。不研究《論語》，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。

As a great thinker,educator and founder of Confucianism during the Spring and Autumn Period,Confucius is a sage to the ancient Chinese people.His words and life storywere recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects.As an enduring classic of Chinese culture, The Analects has influenced allthinkers, writers and politicians in the thousand years’ Chinese history after Confucius.No scholar could trulyunderstand this long-standing culture or the inner world of the ancient Chinesewithout this book.NO.2 大約在兩千多年前，中國就出現(xiàn)了蠟染（wax printing）。在中國服飾中，蠟染是一種流傳時間長、流行范圍大、使用領(lǐng)域廣的服裝工藝。蠟染是在布匹著色的過程中，以蜂蠟（beeswax）作為防止染色的材料。蜂蠟干了之后，會產(chǎn)生一些裂紋，這些裂紋在染色過程中滲透進(jìn)靛藍(lán)色，于是形成了如冰花式樣的美妙紋理。這樣自然天成的紋理可以說是蠟染的靈魂所在。

Wax printingappeared in China about 2,000 years ago.Wax printing has long been awidespread technique used in the history of Chinese fashion.During the dyeingprocess, beeswax is applied to prevent some parts of the cloth form being dyed.When the beeswax dries, it develops cracks, which absorb indigo in the processof dyeing, thus forming the beautiful natural lines resembling breaking ice.These naturally formed lines represent the beauty and soul of wax printing.NO.3 景泰藍(lán)（cloisonné）是馳名中外的傳統(tǒng)工藝，它集青銅藝術(shù)、瓷器和雕刻諸種工藝制作技巧于一身，是一門地道的北京絕活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，也是人們居家使用的精美物品。這項(xiàng)工藝始創(chuàng)于明代景泰年間，初創(chuàng)時的顏色主要是藍(lán)色，故得名“景泰藍(lán)”。到了成化年間，景泰藍(lán)技術(shù)進(jìn)一步成熟，這個時期的作品沉穩(wěn)凝重又透明靈動，而且銅胎也極為講究。

Cloisonné is a traditional art widely known in and outsideChina.It is a kind of superb local expertise form of Beijing, which combinesthe skills of bronze art, porcelain, carving and other types of folk arts.Itis deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as refined ornaments fordaily use.The making of cloisonné first appearedduring the Jingtai reign of the Ming Dynasty, with the main colour used beingblue, hence the name “Jingtai Blue” as it became known later on.By the time of the Chenghua reign, thetechniques for making cloisonné were further

lacking ineloquence or vividness.Moreover, its cast was always made of choice copper.NO.4 西塘在浙江嘉興，位于上海和杭州之間。這個占地規(guī)模并不大的古鎮(zhèn)有著悠久的歷史，它初建于春秋時期（the Spring and Autumn Period），位于吳國和越國的交界處。西塘的大致規(guī)模在宋代之前就已經(jīng)形成，今所見西塘著名的橋梁望仙橋（Wangxian Bridge）就是宋代的遺跡。在明清時期，西塘既是遠(yuǎn)近聞名的魚米之鄉(xiāng)，又是著名的絲綢制造之地，還以制陶業(yè)（ceramics）而享譽(yù)全國。

Xitang is located inJiaxing, Zhejiang Province, between Shanghai and Hangzhou.Though small insize, this ancient town boasts a long history.It was first built during theSpring and Autumn Period, at the border between the states of Wu and Yue.Thepresent layout had already taken shape before the Song Dynasty, and the famousWangxian Bridge in Xitang is a legacy of the Song Dynasty.By the Ming and QingDynasties, Xitang had become a well-known trade center for farm products, silksand ceramics, all produced in the surrounding areas and famous throughout thecountry.NO.5 秧歌舞（Yangko dance）是中國漢族的一種傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作迅速有力。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上觀看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過跳舞來保持健康，同時他們也樂在其中。

The Yangko dance isa traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northernprovinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and theirmovements are vigorous and quick.During holidays, such as the lunar New Yearand the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongsthey swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter howcold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in NortheastChina have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancersenjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.NO.6 中國的青銅器時代（Bronze Age）從夏開始，經(jīng)歷商、西周到春秋時期（the Spring and Autumn Period），前后持續(xù)了一千五百多年的時間。大量出土的青銅器物表明，中國創(chuàng)造了燦爛的青銅文明。這些青銅器物不僅有豐富的政治和宗教內(nèi)涵，而且還具有很高的藝術(shù)價值。今藏于中國歷史博物館的大盂鼎（the Great Ding for Yu）是中國青銅器時代的代表性作品之一。它是西周康王（King Kang）時期的作品，距今大約有三千多年。The Bronze Age inChina lasted more than 1,500 years, from the Xia through the

numbers of unearthedartifacts indicate a high level of ancient bronze civilization in the country.They feature rich political and religious themes, and are of high artisticvalue.A representative example is the Great Ding for Yu, which is nowpreserved in the Museum of Chinese History.It was cast about 3,000 years agoduring the reign of King Kang of Western Zhou Dynasty.NO.7 1911 年，中國爆發(fā)了歷史上的第一次資產(chǎn)階級革命——辛亥革命（the Revolution of 1911），它推翻了中國封建社會的最后一個朝代——清朝，廢除了中國延續(xù)了2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中國的第一個民主共和國——中華民國。民國政府成立以后，要求全國人民都剪掉頭上的辮子（queues），選擇自己喜歡的發(fā)型。至此，在中國延續(xù)了280 多年的辮子法令終于被解除。

In 1911, the firstbourgeois revolution in Chinese history — the Revolution of 1911 broke out.The last dynasty of the Chinesefeudal society, Qing Dynasty, was over-thrown and the monarch system that had ahistory of more than 2,000 years was abolished.The Republic of China, thefirst democratic republic in China, was founded in 1912.After its foundation,the government of Republic of China had required the citizens to cut off theirqueues and make the haircut they liked.Since then, the wearing-queue orderthat had lasted for more than 280 years in China has been abolished.NO.8 出現(xiàn)在中國五代時期的婦女纏足（foot-binding），雖然最初是宮廷舞女為了方便跳舞而采用的一種行為，但由于有人認(rèn)為腳裹起來更好看，所有很多人就開始效仿起來。到了宋代，封建社會的綱常思想非常嚴(yán)重，受到男尊女卑的封建禮教的影響，女子裹腳的風(fēng)氣被傳承下來，并逐漸成為一種習(xí)俗。為了與婦女的小腳相適應(yīng)，宋代還出現(xiàn)了專門為裹足婦女制作的弓鞋（gongxie）。

The practice offoot-binding for women appeared in the Five Dynasties, but in the beginning, itwas only adopted by the court dancers for convenience while dancing.Sincepeople thought the foot-binding made women’s feet look more beautiful, many females rushed to follow suit.Bythe Song Dynasty, due to the importance of feudal ethical thoughts andinfluence of the feudal male superiority conception, the practice offoot-binding was inherited and became a custom.In the Song Dynasty, to meetthe needs of women’s small feet, a kind of speciallydesigned shoes gongxie was made.NO.9 據(jù)中國古代史書記載，治水有功的大禹通過禪讓制接替舜成為部落聯(lián)盟首領(lǐng)。但大禹死后，他的兒子夏啟卻破壞禪讓的傳統(tǒng)，自立為國王，建立了中國歷史上第一個奴隸制國家——夏。從此，王位實(shí)行世襲制度，中國社會從此步入階級社會。夏代處在中國社會從原始社

會向奴隸社會過渡的時期，社會生活的各個方面依然保存著原始社會的種種痕跡。According to theChinese ancient documents, the legendary leader Shun abdicated and handed overhis leadership to Da Yu who had made great contribution to controlling theflood of the Yellow River of China.When Da Yu died, his son Xia Qi breachedthe tradition of demise system and set himself as the king.Xia, the firstslavery nation in Chinese history, was founded.Since then, the hereditarysystem had been practiced.Thus, China stepped into a class society.The XiaDynasty was a transition from primitive society to slave society.At that time,all aspects of social life still reserved traces of primitive society.NO.10 北京烤鴨是自封建帝王時代就在北京城流行的著名菜肴，如今它被認(rèn)為是中國的一道國菜。這道菜以它薄而脆的酥皮，以及廚師們在客人面前片鴨子的真實(shí)情形而著稱。專門用于制作烤鴨的鴨子在養(yǎng)殖65 天后就被屠宰了，鴨子在烤制前要先用調(diào)料腌制（season），然后才送進(jìn)燜爐或者掛爐.鴨肉通常配上蔥（scallion）、黃瓜和甜面醬，用薄餅卷著食用。Peking duck is afamous dish that has been popular since the imperial erain Beijing, and is now considered a national dish of China.The dish is prizedfor the thin, crisp skin with authentic vision of the dish serving sliced infront of the diners by the cook.Ducks bred specially for the dish areslaughtered after 65 days and seasoned before being roasted in a closed or hungoven.The meat is usually eaten with pancakes, scallion, cucumbers and sweetbean sauce.收起

As is shown in the graph… 如圖所示…

The graph shows that… 圖表顯示…

As can be seen from the table,… 從表格中可以看出…

From the chart, we know that… 從這張表中,我們可知…

All these data clearly prove the fact that… 所有這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯證明這一事實(shí),即…

The increase of ….In the city has reached to 20%.….在這個城市的增長已達(dá)到20%.In 1985, the number remained the same.1985年,這個數(shù)字保持不變.There was a gradual decline in 1989.1989年,出現(xiàn)了逐漸下降的情況

一.開頭段常用提出現(xiàn)象句型

1.Nowadays more and more…are commonly and widely…in everyday life.如今，在日常生活中，越來越多…被廣泛…

2.In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with…

近年來，…受到越來越多…的歡迎

3.Recent years have been a boom in…

近年來，出現(xiàn)了迅速增長。

4.Nowadays, there are many…

如今，出現(xiàn)了許多…

5.Nowadays,…h(huán)as become a very common matter in…

如今，…已經(jīng)成為在…的常見現(xiàn)象。

6.Nowadays, there is a growing tendency in…

如今，在…方面出現(xiàn)了上升趨勢。

7.Recently…h(huán)as aoused wide concern…/has been brought into focus.最近，…引起了廣泛關(guān)注/受到了人們的關(guān)注。

8.Most of us may have such experience that…

我們當(dāng)中許多人可能都有…這種經(jīng)歷。

二.開頭段常用引出他人觀點(diǎn)的句型

9.In reaction to the phenomenon of…, some people say…

針對…現(xiàn)象，有人說…

10.When asked about…most people say…

當(dāng)被問到…，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為…

11.When it comes to…, some people think…

關(guān)于…,有人認(rèn)為…

12.Now, it is widely believed that…

現(xiàn)在，許多人認(rèn)為…

三.開頭/中間段常用引出兩種不同觀點(diǎn)的句型

13.There is a public debate today over… some people believed that…Others claim that…

如今社會上出現(xiàn)了關(guān)于…的爭論。有些人認(rèn)為…另一些人則聲稱…

14.When it comes to/talking about…, quite a few people believe that …but other people think differently.當(dāng)談及…時，有相當(dāng)一部分人認(rèn)為…然而，另一些人則有不同的想法。

15.People’s opinion wary when they talk about…Some maintain that…Others believe that…

當(dāng)談及…時，人們觀點(diǎn)不一。有人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為…另有人認(rèn)為…

四.開頭段常用引出故事/事件句型

16.At about…o’clock in the…,when I…, I saw…

…點(diǎn)在…,當(dāng)我正…的時候，我看見…

17.It was a …morning, when a …suddenly…

五.中間段常用引出優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)/不足/影響句型

18.The advantages of…lies in many ways.…有許多有點(diǎn)/好處。

19….as in the case with many issues, has both merits and demetits.正如許多事物一樣，…也是既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)又有不足的。

20….will bring about an unfavorable effects/influence on…

…會為…造成不好的影響。

21.…may give rise to/result in a number of problems.…會導(dǎo)致一系列的問題。

六.中間段/結(jié)尾段常用引出原因句型

22.Why…? Three factors can explain this.First… Second…Third…

為什么…?有三個因素可以解釋。首先，…其次…，第三…

23.As for/Among the factors for…,…counts for the half, the rest depends on…

就導(dǎo)致…的因素而言，…是一部分原因，另一部分原因是…

七.中間/結(jié)尾段常用引出解決方法句型

24.How to…? The key words are as follows.To begins with, …Next, …Finally, …

如何…?關(guān)鍵措施如下。首先…其次…最后…

25.Such …would not …if we knew the following ways to handle …First,… Second,…Third…(虛擬語氣)

如果我們掌握了以下處理…的方法，如此的…可能不會…第一個方法是…第二個方法是…第三個方法是…

八.結(jié)尾段常用引出“我”的個人觀點(diǎn)的句型

26.As far as I am concerned, I agree with…

就我個人而言，我支持…

27.As to me, the former/latter opinion is more acceptable.對我來說，前/后一種觀點(diǎn)更可以接受。

28.For my part, I am on the side of…

對我來所，我站在…那邊。

29.As I see it, …

就我看來，…

30.From my perspective, I…

就我而言，我…

九.圖表作文開頭段常用引出總體趨勢的句型

31.As can be seen from the line/bar/chart/table that…increased/rose/grew/dramatically from…

從圖表可見，自…以來，…出現(xiàn)了極大的增長。

第五篇：四級翻譯

Part Ⅳ Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.2016年12月英語四級翻譯真題及參考答案（卷一）

紅色

在中國文化中，紅色通常象征著好運(yùn)、長壽和幸福，在春節(jié)和其他喜慶場合，紅色到處可見。人們把現(xiàn)金作為禮物送給家人或親密朋友時，通常放在紅信封里。紅色在中國流行的另一個原因是人們把它與中國革命和共產(chǎn)黨相聯(lián)系。然而，紅色并不總是代表好運(yùn)與快樂。因?yàn)閺那八勒叩拿殖Ｓ眉t色書寫，用紅墨水寫中國人名被看成是一種冒犯行為。

2016年12月英語四級翻譯真題及參考答案（卷二）

在中國文化中，黃顏色是一種很重要的顏色，因?yàn)樗哂歇?dú)特的象征意義。在封建(feudal)社會中，它象征統(tǒng)治者的權(quán)力和權(quán)威。那時，黃色是專為皇帝使用的顏色，皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色，皇袍總是黃色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的。在中國，黃色也是收獲的象征。秋天莊稼成熟時，田野變得一片金黃。人們興高采烈，慶祝豐收。

要點(diǎn)1：黃顏色是一種很重要的顏色yellow is an important color, 相信這句大家都能譯的出來，不過要注意：“黃顏色”不需要寫yellow color，因?yàn)閥ellow本來就是黃色。要點(diǎn)2：它具有獨(dú)特的象征意義which carries a unique symbolic meaning.要點(diǎn)3：它象征著統(tǒng)治者的權(quán)利和權(quán)威It embodies rulers’ power and authority.此處，統(tǒng)治者可以接受的譯法還有：governor, dominator都是可以的。象征還可以寫成symbolize,represent.要點(diǎn)4：皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色royal palaces were painted with yellow.皇家宮殿royal palaces，皇帝emperor，黃袍imperial robes.要點(diǎn)5：普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的average people were not allowed to wear yellow clothes，禁止還可以用：ban, forbid.要點(diǎn)6：秋天莊稼成熟時，田野變得一片金黃When crops are ripe in Fall, the farmlands become a piece of golden yellow.2016年12月英語四級翻譯真題及參考答案（卷三）

白色

隨著中國的改革開放，如今很多年輕人都喜歡舉行西式婚禮。新娘在婚禮上穿著白色婚紗，因?yàn)榘咨徽J(rèn)為是純潔的象征。然而，在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中，白色經(jīng)常是葬禮上使用的顏色。因此務(wù)必記住，白花一定不要用作祝人康復(fù)的禮物，尤其不要送給老年人或危重病人。同樣，禮金也不能裝在白色信封里，而要裝在紅色信封里。

參考范文：

William Pu

Sunday，December 18, 2016

1、模擬題

上個世紀(jì)90年代以來，氣候問題日漸被世人關(guān)注并演化成為一個全球政治議題。20年的氣候談判展現(xiàn)出氣候政治博弈的復(fù)雜局面，利益主體的分化和博弈主題的擴(kuò)展造成了氣候政治合作這一全球性難題。在這樣的背景下，我國應(yīng)當(dāng)做出如下戰(zhàn)略選擇加以應(yīng)對：一是掌握主動，堅(jiān)持低碳發(fā)展；二是積極應(yīng)對，爭取話語優(yōu)勢；三是廣泛參與，改造游戲規(guī)則。

參考譯文

Since the 1990's, climate problems have become a global concern as a topic on the world political agenda.Climate negotiations in the past 20 years have ended in a complicated situation of political game on climate, and the differentiation of the interest subjects and the extension of the theme of the game have become a global dilemma in the political cooperation on climate.Under such circumstances, China should respond with the following strategic choices: 1.taking the initiative in our own hands and sticking to low-carbon emission development;2.making active responses and striving for a bigger say;and 3.taking an extensive participation, and trying to reform the game rule

2、徐霞客一生周游考察了十六個省，足跡幾乎遍及全國。他在考察的過程中，從不盲目迷信書本上的結(jié)論。他發(fā)現(xiàn)前人研究地理的記載有許多很不可靠的地方。為了進(jìn)行真實(shí)細(xì)致的考察，他很少乘車坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長途跋涉；為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險的山區(qū)，人跡稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景。

Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole country.When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books.Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors.In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat.Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills.In order to learn the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous roads and lonely woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights.3、一檔在國內(nèi)異?；鸨碾娨暠荣惞?jié)目，引發(fā)了不少人的焦慮——大家書寫漢字的能力正在不斷衰退。

電腦和智能手機(jī)的迅速發(fā)展和普及，致使很多年輕人都拿起了筆卻寫不來字。若不借助電子產(chǎn)品的提醒，不少人連常用的那一萬多個漢字都會想不起該怎么寫。

復(fù)雜的漢字書寫體系是中國古代文化遺留下來的瑰寶，而這一體系正不可避免地面臨著退化的命運(yùn)。參考譯文：

A televised contest that has become hugely popular in China has led to nationwide hand-wringing over the population’s increasing inability to write Chinese characters.The rapid rise of computers and smartphones has left most young people barely able to write by hand, with many unable to recall the estimated 10,000 characters used in daily life without an electronic prompt.The country’s complex writing system, a highly prized treasure of its ancient culture, is entering an inexorable decline.4、從10月1日起，中國“草根英雄”（也稱“感動2013人物”）第三季度網(wǎng)絡(luò)人物評選正式啟動。

評選活動由新華社發(fā)起并主辦。網(wǎng)友可以通過網(wǎng)站、微博和手機(jī)應(yīng)用三種方式為心中最愛的“草根英雄”投票。

評選將從20位候選人中選出10位主要事跡在道德和社會領(lǐng)域引起過廣泛關(guān)注的網(wǎng)絡(luò)人物。

陜西省28年治沙73000公頃“逐夢大漠”的牛玉琴，即是候選人之一。參考譯文：

Online voting kicked off on October 1st to select China’s grassroots heroes or “Good Samaritans” for the third quarter of 2013.Initiated and sponsored by Xinhua News Agency, netizens can vote for their favorites online or via microblogs and mobile applications.A total of 10 individuals will be selected from 20 candidates known for actions that have drawn attention to moral and societal issues.Shaanxi Province’s Niu Yuqin, who over the last 28 years has planted over 73,000 hectares of trees to control desertification, is among the candidates.5、在中國，喝茶是一種儀式（ritual），一種精致的品味（refined taste）的展示。人們在飲茶的同時，也領(lǐng)略品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中國人最流行的打發(fā)時間的方式。過去，他們是以進(jìn)有名的茶館而開始一天的生活。中國的茶館相當(dāng)于法國的咖啡館和英國的酒館。人們到這里不僅是為了喝茶，也是為了議論當(dāng)?shù)氐男侣勜浘驼卧掝}進(jìn)行激烈的辯論。

參考譯文：

Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste.While drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea itself.Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way of pastime among Chinese.In the past, they would start the day with a visit to a well-known teahouse.Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs.People come here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have intensive debates on political matters.6、旅游業(yè)是近二十年來在世界各地迅速發(fā)展的一個行業(yè)，現(xiàn)在正引起中國公眾越來越多的注意。許多人給報紙寫信，就促進(jìn)中國旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展提出了種種建議。人們的看法是，發(fā)展旅游業(yè)將有助于促進(jìn)中國人民和其他國家人民之間的相互了解和友誼，并將有利于文化、科學(xué)、技術(shù)方面的交流。還會有助于為中國的偉大事業(yè)積累資金。

參考譯文：

Tourism, a fast developing business over the last two decades in all parts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public.Many people have written to the press making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in China.It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilitate exchanges in the field of culture, science and technology.Moreover, it will help accumulate funds for China’s great cause.7、意大利著名旅行家馬可。波羅(Marco Pole)曾這樣敘述他印象中的杭州：“這是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人覺得自己社在天堂?！痹谥袊?，也流傳著這樣的話：“上有天堂，下有蘇杭。”杭州的名氣主要在于風(fēng)景如畫的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不勝收，宋代著名詩人蘇東坡用“淡妝濃抹總相宜”的詩句來贊譽(yù)西湖。在杭州，您可以飽覽西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步(stroll)街頭鬧市，品嘗一下杭州的名菜名點(diǎn)，還可購上幾樣名特土產(chǎn)。

參考譯文：

The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise;OnEarth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake.As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products.8、目前，人類的生存環(huán)境正在遭到破壞，美麗的大自然已經(jīng)不那么美麗了。保護(hù)野生動物，也就是保護(hù)人婁自己。我強(qiáng)烈呼吁：不要再捕殺黑猩猩，不要再捕殺野生動物了，讓我們?nèi)祟惗嘁恍┑厍蛏系呐笥?，多給我們下一代保留一些野生動物吧!否則，地球?qū)缭谌祟愂?中，人類將毀滅在自己手中。

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At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful.Protection of wild life is protection of man himself.So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal.Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and

leave more wild life for future generations.Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.9、農(nóng)歷八月十五日是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——中秋節(jié)。在這天，每個家庭都團(tuán)聚在一起，一家人共同觀賞象征豐裕、和諧和幸運(yùn)的圓月。此時，大人們吃著美味的月餅，品著熱騰騰的香茗，而孩子們則在一旁拉著燈籠盡情玩耍。中秋節(jié)最早可能是一個慶祝豐收的節(jié)日。后來，月宮里美麗的仙女嫦娥的神話故事賦予了它神話色彩。此后，每年中秋月圓之時，人們向月宮仙女嫦娥祈福的傳說便流傳開來。

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“Zhong Qiu Jie”, which is also known as the Mid-Autumn Festival, is celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar.It is a time for family members and loved ones to get together and enjoy the full moon-a symbol of abundance, harmony and luck.Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of many varieties with a good cup of piping hot Chinese tea, while the little ones run around with their lanterns.“Zhong Qiu Jie” probably began as a harvest festival.The festival was later given a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon.Thus started the legend of the lady in the moon to whom people would pray at the Mid-Autumn Festival.10、端午節(jié)，又稱為五五節(jié)，因?yàn)槎宋绻?jié)是在農(nóng)歷的五月五日，它是中國重要的節(jié)慶之一。這個節(jié)日是為了紀(jì)念楚國(the Chu Emperor)的大夫屈原，他因?yàn)閷Τ?court)的貪污腐敗感到絕望而投河自盡。鎮(zhèn)上的人紛紛沖上船去救他，卻沒有成功。后來大家把米撒到水里，希望把饑餓的魚群從他的軀體邊引開。多年以后，屈原逝世的故事逐漸演變成賽龍舟和吃粽子(一種包在竹葉中的米食)的傳統(tǒng)。

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The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar.It is one of the most important Chinese festivals.The festival commemorates Qu Yuan, a minister in the service of the Chu Emperor.Despairing over corruption at court, Qu threw himself into a river.Townspeople jumped into their boats and tried in vain to save him.Then, hoping to distract hungry fish from his body, the people scattered rice on the water.Over the years, the story of Qu’s demise transformed into the traditions of racing dragon boats and eating zongzi – a kind of rice wrapped in bamboo leaves.11、春節(jié)是中國最重要的節(jié)日，也是大家所熟悉的中國新年。對于中國人來說，這個節(jié)日的重要性如同圣誕節(jié)對于西方人。具體的節(jié)慶日期是由農(nóng)歷（lunar calendar）而不是由公歷（Gregorian calendar）決定的。所以，春節(jié)的節(jié)慶日期一般在元月下旬與二月上旬之間。新年的準(zhǔn)備活動自臘月底（農(nóng)歷年底）開始，人們忙于掃塵，還清債務(wù)，理發(fā)，置新衣。人們也會在家中或到廟里燒香（burn incense）祭祖，祈求老天爺保佑平安。

譯文：The most important holiday in China is the Spring Festival, which is also known as the Chinese New Year.To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to the westerners.The date for this annual celebration is determined by the lunar calendar rather than the Gregorian calendar, so the timing of the holiday varies form late January to early February.Preparations for the New Year begin on the final days of the last lunar month when most families clean their homes, pay their debts, have their hair cut and buy new clothes.People also burn incense at home or in the temples to pay respect to their ancestors and to pray to the God for a happy life in the coming year.

12、原文：中國日益擴(kuò)大的國際接觸對其進(jìn)步一直是至關(guān)重要的。中國能夠在已取得的經(jīng)濟(jì)成功的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，關(guān)鍵是它進(jìn)入了世界市場。讓我們看幾個統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字。1979年以來，外貿(mào)占中國國民生產(chǎn)總值（Gross National Product/GNP）的比重從10%上升到45%。融入世界市場已成為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的一個基本事實(shí)。繼之而來的是融入世界投資體系。外國資金大量流入中國，外資存量（reserve of foreign funds）從1989年的50億美元上升到1994年的近900億美元。

譯文：China’s growing international engagement has been vital to her progress.The key to sustaining and building on early economic success was China’s move into the world markets.Let’s consider a couple of statistics.Since 1979 foreign trade, as a share of China’s GNP has risen from 10% to 45%.Integration in the world markets became a bare fact of Chinese economic life.With that came integration into the world investment system.Foreign funds flowed into China in a spectacular way.The reserve of foreign funds grew form ＄ 5 billion in 1989 to nearly 90 billion by 1994.

13、我們中國是世界上最大的國家之一，它的領(lǐng)土和整個歐洲的面積差不多相等。在這個廣大的領(lǐng)土之上，有廣大的肥田沃地給我們以衣食之源；有縱橫全國的大小山脈，生長了廣大的森林，貯藏了豐富的礦產(chǎn)；有很多的江河湖澤，給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利；有很長的海岸線，給我們以交通海外各民族的方便。（136字）難點(diǎn)注釋：

1）廣大的肥田沃地large areas of fertile land

2)給我們以衣食之源provide us with food and clothing

3）縱橫全國的大小山脈mountain ranges across its length and breadth

4）廣大的森林，豐富的礦產(chǎn)with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits

5）給我們以舟揖和灌溉之利provide us with water transport and irrigation

6）交通海外各民族的方便facilitate communication with nations beyond the seas 參考譯文：

China is one of the largest countries in the world，her territory being about the size of the whole of Europe.In the vast country of ours there are large areas of fertile land which provide us with food and clothing，mountain ranges across its length and breadth with extensive forests and rich mineral deposits，many rivers and lakes which provide us with water transport and irrigation，and a long coastline which facilitates communication with nations beyond the seas.14、一周七天不間斷的學(xué)習(xí)，這些學(xué)生的生活的每一分鐘都在為高考準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)楦呖紱Q定了他們的命運(yùn)。對于那些來自貧困或者農(nóng)村家庭的孩子們來說，在這場考試中好好表現(xiàn)，毫無置疑是他們爬上社會階梯并成功的唯一的方法。競爭是激烈的，大部分的高中生最后不得不被分配到職業(yè)學(xué)校去。（128字）

每一分鐘都在為高考準(zhǔn)備are regimented(嚴(yán)格地管制)almost every minute of the day as they prepare for 不得不被分配到be relegated（歸入，把降低到）to 參考譯文：

Studying seven days a week, the students’ lives are regimented(嚴(yán)格地管制)almost every minute of the day as they prepare for the end-of-year exam that can determine their fate.For many students from poor or rural backgrounds, a strong performance on the test is the only way to climb the social ladder and excel without connections.Competition is fierce and the majority of high school seniors will be relegated（歸入，把降低到）to vocational schools.

15、污染已成為問題，因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)今人口越來越多，社會越來越工業(yè)化的世界上，人類正在污染他們居住的環(huán)境。許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類最大的錯誤是把發(fā)展和進(jìn)步等同起來?，F(xiàn)在人們以懷疑的態(tài)度看待“發(fā)展性”的產(chǎn)業(yè)，因?yàn)樗鼈兊母弊饔脮茐沫h(huán)境，破壞各種生命之間的關(guān)系。人口的增長導(dǎo)致對世界上有限的空氣、水和土地的需求不斷增長。伴隨著人口增長的是越來越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。于是對電、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的廢物要處理。這個問題已經(jīng)引起人們對生物及其環(huán)境的日益關(guān)注。許多人認(rèn)為，人類沒有盡快地解決這一問題，卻只顧謀求私利，以致于到了無可挽救的地步以后才充分認(rèn)識到這種兵貴神速。

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Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives.2)Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement.3)Now “growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.4)The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air water and land.5)This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living, in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of.6)The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.7)Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.16、現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)壓力相當(dāng)重。除了大四，他們開始找工作了，其余的學(xué)生總是忙于學(xué)習(xí)，而不愿參加校園團(tuán)體和俱樂部，不愿參加體育鍛煉和其他課外活動，不愿與他們的朋友玩玩，不愿關(guān)心和學(xué)習(xí)沒有關(guān)系的事。總之，他們就像一個機(jī)器人。壓力大，時間少，功課多。看到同寢室里的人都上圖書館去學(xué)習(xí)，到深夜閉館才回，而自己卻去看電影，他們就會有一種內(nèi)疚感。一想到白天什么事都沒干，心里就感到不安，會整夜因此睡不著覺。他們學(xué)習(xí)太緊張，幾乎沒有時間好好品嘗生活，干些其他事，成為一個全面發(fā)展的人。讀大學(xué)使他們失去太多的個人幸福和健康。

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College students now bear heavy academic pressure.2)You will find them—except seniors who are beginning to look for a job—always too busy in studies to join campus organizations too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities too busy to share the interests of their friends and too busy to pay attention to anything that is not connected with their studies.3)In short they have become nothing but a robot.4)They are under pressure to do too much work in too little time.5)If their roommates are studying in the library until it closes at midnight while they go to a movie they will feel guilty.6)The very idea of doing nothing during the day will make them uncomfortable and sleepless all night.7)They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people.8)The pursuit of college education costs them too much personal happiness and health.17、新年春節(jié)剛過，農(nóng)村的破舊小車站就擠滿了成千上萬的農(nóng)民。他們只有一個目的，到城市去。八十年代處，農(nóng)村的改革，使得千千萬萬的農(nóng)民從土地上解放了出來，紛紛跑到城市找工作。自那以后，這種大規(guī)模的民工潮一直使城市感到頭痛。這不僅是因?yàn)閷Τ鞘性O(shè)施造成了極大的壓力，而且他們擔(dān)心會引發(fā)許多社會矛盾。所以外來民工往往補(bǔ)被看成二等公民，不能成為城市居民，孩子不能在城市讀書。但是另一方面，城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)的發(fā)展急切需要大批勞力到工廠和建設(shè)工地。而且政府也感到如果不讓農(nóng)民出來。而農(nóng)民的不滿加劇，會導(dǎo)致社會**。

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Only a few days after the Lunar New Year in dilapidated little railway stations throughout the countryside millions of peasants are gathering with a single purpose to get to the cities.3,4)Even since the early 1980s when the agricultural reform freed millions of farmers to seek city jobs the mass not just because of the pressure it puts on infrastructure.5)Many fear that migration on such a giant scale will lead to social strain,6)As a result they have treated the migrants as second-class citizens.6)For instance workers form the rural heartland are denied the right to settle down as permanent residents and to send their children to city schools.7)But on the other hand in booming cities and special economic zones factories and construction sites need all the labor they can get.8,9)And the government believe that if the rural masses did not get a share of and poor countryside would further widen leading to a building-up resentment that might fuel social unrest.

18、不同的人對退休持不同的態(tài)度。有些人認(rèn)為退休后可以好好享受晚年的生活。但真的退下來了，他們則有點(diǎn)失望?？吹阶约壕鸵粧伒綇U物堆里，他們不甘認(rèn)命，設(shè)法另找事干來發(fā)揮自己的于熱，以繼續(xù)得到收入。另一些人則對一生中這樣一個重大變動早有準(zhǔn)備。他們一生為工作操勞，現(xiàn)在筋疲力盡了，渴望退休后能放松拉緊的弦，好好休息。由于不再需要每天早晨去趕公共汽車了，不再要為晉級慮。就可以有足夠的時間去追求童年時的夢想，如寫寫書、畫畫圖、種種花、周游各地?？偟膩碚f，沒有像男的一樣感到可怕。

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Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.2)Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, 3)but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed.4)Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provede.5)Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.6)Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.7)As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream such as writing painting growing flowers and traveling around.8)On the whole female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers.9)Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man.19、當(dāng)我們從全球的角度來看環(huán)境問題時，首先注意的是環(huán)境問題引起人們的各種擔(dān)心。發(fā)達(dá)國家擔(dān)心的是大氣和水的污染，能源的緊張，城市對農(nóng)村面積的不斷蠶食。發(fā)展中國家最擔(dān)心的是營養(yǎng)不良，人口增長，水源不足，缺少教育和就業(yè)機(jī)會。

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When we examine environmental problems in a global context the first thing that impresses us is the variety of concerns they evode.2, 3)Whereas in the developed world the focus is on air and water pollution the energy shortage and chewing up of the rural areas by urban sprawl the concern of the developing countries will most likely center on malnutrition population growth insufficiency of water the lack of education and jobs.20、這次長江流域的水災(zāi)是44年來最嚴(yán)重的。官方的數(shù)字表明已有2000多人死亡，1380萬人被迫離開家園。占中國總耕地面積3%的450萬公頃的農(nóng)作物被毀。工廠被迫停工，產(chǎn)量受到影響。客運(yùn)的貨運(yùn)也被迫中斷。在未來的許多歲月里，人民都會感受到洪災(zāi)對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的總體影響。盡管損失如此嚴(yán)重，舉國上下，展民與洪水的斗爭是非常值得稱贊的。在抗洪斗爭中，中國人民顯示了令人嘆服的守堤防洪的能力，例如這次國家調(diào)動了160萬軍隊(duì)去幫助守護(hù)大堤，將被洪水淹沒地區(qū)的百姓遷走。事實(shí)上，差不多有數(shù)百萬平民百姓參加了這一人類巨大的斗爭。

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The floods in the Yangtze River basin are the worst in 44 years.2)Official figures indicate that more than 2000 people have been drowned and 13.8 million have been driven from their jhomes.3)Crops have been destroyed on 4.5 million hectares.3 percent of China’s total cropland.4)Industrial output has suffered as factories have had to shut.5)The transportation of goods and people has been disrupted.6)The overall effect on China’s economy will be felt for many months.7/8)Despite the serious damage China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide effort to deal with flooding during which the Chinese have demonstrated a remarkable capacity for shoring up dikes and protecting themselves from flooding.9)For example 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded.10)Literally millions of civilians are involved in this enormous human effort.