第一篇：AEcs6中英文對照
File菜單
新建 ← New
┗New Project
→ 新建項目
New Folder →新建文件夾
打開項目 ← Open Project
打開最近項目
← Open Recent Projects
在Bridge內(nèi)瀏覽
← Browse in Bridge
瀏覽模板
← Browse Template Projects
關閉
← Close
關閉項目
← Close Project
保存
← Save
另存為
← Save As...保存副本
← Save a Copy...另存為XML格式 ← Save a Copy As XML
增量保存 ← Increment and Save
恢復 ← Revert
導入 ← Import
┗File...→ 文件
Multiple Files...→多個文件 Capture in Adobe Premiere Pro →Premiere Pro采集 Adobe Clip Notes Comments..→Adobe 剪輯注釋評論 Adobe Premiere Pro Project? →Premiere Pro項目? Vanishing Point(vpe)? → PS消失點（.vpe）?
Placeholder...→輸入占位符
Solid...→實色
導入最近素材 ← Import Recent Footage
輸出 ← Export Adobe Dynamic Link Adobe ← 動態(tài)鏈接
查找 ← Find...再次查找 ← Find Next
添加素材到合成 ← Add Footage to Comp
選定腳本建立合成 ← New Comp From Selection...整理素材 ← Consolidate All Footage
刪除未用素材 ← Remove Unused Footage
簡化項目 ← Reduce Project
文件打包 ← Collect Files...瀏覽文件夾 ← Watch Folder...運行腳本 ← Script
建立代理 ← Create Proxy
┗Still...→ 靜態(tài)圖片
Movie...→ 影片
設置代理 ← Set Proxy
┗File..→ 文件
None
→無
解釋素材 ← Interpret Footage
┗Main...→ 常規(guī)
Proxy...→ 代理
Remember Interpretation →保存解釋
Apply Interpretation →應用解釋
替換素材 ← Replace Footage
┗File...→ 文件
Placeholder...→ 占位符
Solid..→ 實色
重載素材 ← Reload Footage
顯示所在文件夾 ← Reveal in Explorer
項目設置 ← Project Settings...打印 ← Print...退出 ← Exit ==== Edit菜單
撤消副本 ← Can’t Undo
不可重復 ← Can’t Redo
歷史記錄 ← History
剪切 ← Cut
復制 ← Copy 僅復制表達式 ← Copy Expression Only
粘貼 ← Paste
清除 ← Clear
副本 ← Duplicate
拆分圖層 ← Split Layer 提升工作區(qū)域 ← Lift Work Area 抽出工作區(qū)域 ← Extrace Work Area
全選 ← Select All
解除全選 ← Deselect All
標簽 ← Label
清空 ← Pruge
┗All → 全部
Undo → 撤消
Image Caches → 圖象緩存
Snapshot → 快照
Video Memory → 視頻內(nèi)存
編輯原稿 ← Edit Original
在Adobe Audion中編輯← Edit in Adobe Audition 在Adobe Soundbooth中編輯 ← Edit in Adobe Soundbooth
模版 ← Templates
┗Render Settings..→ 渲染設置
Output Module...→ 輸出模式
首選項 ← Preferences
┗General...→ 常規(guī)
Previews...→ 預演
Display → 顯示
Import...→ 導入
Output → 輸出
Grids & Guides...→ 網(wǎng)格與輔助線
Label Colors...→ 標簽顏色
Label Defaults...→ 默認標簽
Media &Disk Cache?→ 媒體與磁盤緩存
Video Preview?→ 視頻預演
Appearance?→ 用戶界面顏色
Auto-Save?→ 自動保存
Memory & Multiprocessing?→ 內(nèi)存與多處理器控制?
Audio Hardware?→ 音頻硬件
Audio Output Mapping?→ 音頻輸出映射?
====== Compostion菜單
新建合成 ←New Composition
合成設置 ←Compodition Settings
背景顏色 ←Background Color
設置標識幀 ←Set Poster Time
修剪合成至工作區(qū)←Trim Comp to Work Area
裁剪合成到目標范圍 ←Crop Comp to Region of Interest
增加到渲染序列 ←Add To Render Queue
添加輸出模塊 ←Add Output Module
預演 ←Preview
┗RAM Preview
→內(nèi)存預演
Wireframe Preview
→線框圖預演
Motion with Trails →動態(tài)跟蹤
Audio
→音頻
Audio Preview(Here Forward)→音頻預演(從當前位置開始)
Audio Preview(Work Area)
→音頻預演(工作區(qū)域)
另存單幀為 ←Save Frame As
┗File
→文件
Photoshop Layers →Photoshop圖層
制作影片 ←Make Movie
組合渲染 ←Pre-render
保存內(nèi)存預演 ←Save RAM Preview
合成流程圖 ←Composition Flowchart
合成組微型流程圖 ←Composition Mini-Flowchart ========= Layer菜單
新建 ← New
┗Text
→ 文字
Solid...→ 實色
Light...→燈光
Camera..→攝象機
Null Object
→虛擬對象
Shape Layer
→形狀圖層
Adjustment Layerv →調(diào)節(jié)層
Adobe Photoshop File.→Adobe Photoshop文件
圖層設置 ← Layer Settings...打開圖層← Open Layer
打開圖層素材← Open Layer Source
遮罩 ← Mask
┗New Mask
→ 新建遮罩
Mask Shape
→ 遮罩形狀
Mask Feather
→ 遮罩羽化
Mask Opacity
→ 遮罩不透明度
Mask Expansion
→ 遮罩擴展
Reset Mask
→ 重置遮罩
Remove Mask
→ 移除遮照
Remove All Masks → 移除所有遮罩
Mode
→ 模式
┗None
→ 無
Add
→ 相加
Subtrace
→ 相減
Intersect → 交集
Lighten
→ 變亮
Darken
→ 變暗
Difference → 差值
Inverted
→ 反轉(zhuǎn)
Locked
→ 鎖定
Motion Blur → 運動模糊
┗Same As Layer→ 與層相同
On
→ 開
Off → 關
Unlock All Masks
→ 解鎖所有遮罩
Lock Other Masks
→ 鎖定其他遮罩
Hide Locked Masks → 隱藏已鎖定遮照
Mask and Shape Path → 遮罩與形狀路徑
┗RotoBezier
→ 旋轉(zhuǎn)曲線
Closed
→ 關閉
Set First Vertex
→ 設置首個頂點
Free Transform Points → 自由變換點，質(zhì)量 ← Quality
┗Best
→ 最佳
Draft
→ 草圖
Wireframe → 線框
轉(zhuǎn)換開關 ← Switches
┗Hide Other Video → 隱藏其他視頻層
Show All Video
→ 顯示所有視頻層
Unlock All Layers → 解鎖所有層
Shy
→ 退縮
Lock
→ 鎖定
Audio
→ 音頻
Video
→ 視頻
Solo
→ 獨奏
Effect
→ 特效
Collapse
→ 塌陷
Motion Blur
→ 運動模糊
Adjustment Layer → 調(diào)節(jié)層
變換 ← Transform
┗Reset
→ 復位
Anchor Point → 定位點
Position
→ 位置
Scale
→ 縮放
Orientation
→ 方向
Rotation
→ 旋轉(zhuǎn)
Opacity
→透明度 Flip Horizontal
→水平方向翻轉(zhuǎn) Flip Vertical
→垂直方向翻轉(zhuǎn) Center In View
→視點居中 Fit to Comp
→適配到合成 Fit to Comp Wideth →適配為合成寬度 Fit to Comp Height →適配為合成高度
Auto-Orient
→ 自動定向 時間→Time
┗Enable Time Remapping→啟用時間重置
Time-Reverse Layer
→時間反向?qū)?/p>
Time Stretch
→時間伸縮
Freeze Frame
→凍結幀
Frame Blending
→ 幀融合 ┗Off
→ 關
Frame Mix
→ 幀融合 Pixel Motion→ 像素運動
三維層 ← 3D Layer
柵格層 ← Guide Layer
添加標記 ← Add marker
保持透明 ← Preserve Transparency
混合模式 ← Blending Mode
┗Normal
→ 正常
Dissolve
→ 溶解
Dancing Dissolve
→ 動態(tài)溶解
Darken
→ 變暗
Multiply
→ 正片疊底
Color Burn
→ 顏色加深
Classic Color Burn → 典型顏色加深
Linear Burn
→ 線性加深
Darken Color
→暗色
Add
→ 添加
Lighten
→ 變亮
Screen
→ 屏幕
Color Dodge
→ 顏色減淡
Classic Color Dodge → 典型顏色減淡
Linear Dodge
→ 線性減淡
Lighter Color
→ 亮色
Overlay
→ 疊加
Soft Light
→ 柔光
Hard Light
→ 強光
Linear Light
→ 線性光
Vivid light
→ 艷光
Pin Light
→ 點光
Hard Mix
→ 強烈混合 Difference
→ 差值
Classic Difference → 典型差值
Exclusion
→ 排除
Hue
→ 色相位
Saturation
→ 飽和度
Color
→ 顏色
Luminosity
→ 亮度
Stencil Alpha
→ Alpha模版
Stencil Luma
→ 亮度模版
Silhouette Alpha
→ Alpha輪廓
Silhouette Luma
→ 亮度輪廓
Alpha Add
→ Alpha添加
Luminescent Premul → 冷光預乘
下一個混合模式 ← Next Blending Mode
上一個混合模式 ← Previous Blending Mode
軌道蒙版 ← Track Matte
┗No Track Matte
→ 無
Alpha Matte
→ Alpha蒙版
Alpha Inverted Matte → 反相Alpha蒙版
Luma Matte
→ 亮度蒙版
Luma Inverted Matte → 反相亮度蒙版 Layer Styles→圖層樣式 ┗Convert to Editable Styles→轉(zhuǎn)換為可編輯樣式 Show All
→全部顯示 Remove All
→全部移除 Drop Shadow
→陰影 Inner Shadow
→內(nèi)側(cè)陰影 Outer Glow
→外側(cè)輝光 Inner Glow
→內(nèi)側(cè)輝光 Bevel and Emboss→斜邊與浮雕 Satin
→光澤 Color Overlay
→顏色疊加 Gradient Overlay→漸變疊加 Stroke
→描邊
Group Shapes
→形狀編組 Ungroup Shapes →解除形狀編組 排列←Arrange ┗圖層置頂 ← Bring Layer to Front
圖層置上 ← Bring Layer Forward
圖層置下 ← Send Layer Backward
圖層置底 ← Send Layer to Back Adobe Encore→Adobe Encore
┗Create Button
→創(chuàng)建按鈕
Assign to Subpicture 1 →分配給子圖像1
Assign to Subpicture 2→ 分配給子圖像2
Assign to Subpicture 3 →分配給子圖像3
Assign to Video Thumbnail→分配給視頻縮略圖 轉(zhuǎn)換為實時實時Photoshop 3D←Convert to Live Photoshop 3D 轉(zhuǎn)換為可編輯文字
← Convert to Editable Text 從文字創(chuàng)建形狀
←Create Sharps from Text 從文字創(chuàng)建輪廓線
←Create Masks from Text 自動跟蹤
← Auto-trace...Pre-compose?←預合成
======== Effect菜單
特效控制 ←Effect Controls 上一個特效 ←Reduce Interlace Flicker
全部刪除 ←Remove All
有儲收藏 ←Save Favorite
應用收藏 ←Apply Favorite
最近收藏 ←Recent Favorites
三維通道 ←3D Channel
┗3D Chaccel Extract →提取三維通道
Depth Matte
→深度蒙版
Depth of Field
→場深度（景深）
ExtractoR
→提取器
Fog 3D
→霧化3D
ID Matte
→ID蒙版
Identifier
→標識符
音頻 ←Audio
┗Backwards
→倒播
Bass & Treble
→低音和高音
Delay
→延遲
Flange & Chorus →變調(diào)&和聲
High-Low Pass
→高通/低通
Modulator
→調(diào)制器
Parametric EQ
→EQ參數(shù)
Reverb
→混響
Stereo Mixer
→立體聲混合Tone
→音質(zhì) 模糊與銳化 ←Blur & Sharpen
┗Bilateral Blur
→雙向模糊
Box Blur
→盒狀模糊
CC Radial Blur
→CC放射狀模糊
CC Radial Fast Blur
→Ccy放射狀快速模糊
CC Vector Blur
→CC矢量模糊
Channel Blur
→通道模糊
Compound Blur
→復合模糊
Directional Blur
→方向模糊
Fast Blur
→快速模糊
Gaussian Blur
→高斯模糊
Lens Blur
→鏡頭模糊
Radial Blur
→徑向模糊
Reduce Interlace Flicker →降低隔行掃描閃爍
Sharpen
→銳化
Smart Blur
→智能銳化
Unsharp Mask
→非銳化遮罩
通道 ←Channel
┗Alpha Levels
→Alpha色階
Arithmetic
→運算
Blend
→混合Calculations
→計算
CC Composite
→CC合成操作
Channel Combiner
→通道組合Compound Arithmetic →復合運算
Invert
→反相
Minimax
→擴亮擴暗
Remove Color Matting →移除蒙版顏色
Set Channels
→設置通道
Set Matte
→設置蒙版
Shift Channels
→轉(zhuǎn)換通道
Solid Composite
→實色合成 顏色校正 ←Color Correction
┗Auto Color
→自動顏色
Auto Contrast
→自動對比度
Auto Levels
→自動色階
Brightness & Contrast
→亮度和對比度
Broadcast Contrast
→廣播級顏色
CC Color Offset
→色彩偏移
CC Toner
→CC調(diào)色
Channel Color
→更改顏色
Change to Color
→轉(zhuǎn)換顏色
Channel Mixer
→通道混合Color Balance
→色彩平衡
Color Balance(HLS)
→色彩平衡(HLS)
Color Link
→色彩鏈接
Color Stabilizer
→色彩平衡器
Colorama
→彩色光
Curves
→曲線
Equallize
→色彩均化
Exposure
→曝光
Gamma/Pedestal/Gain
→伽瑪/基色/增益
Hue/Saturation
→色相/飽和度
Levels Color
→分色
Levels
→色階
Levels(Individual Controls)→獨立色階控制
Photo Filter
→照片濾鏡
PS Arbitrary Map
→PS 任意貼圖
Shadow/Highlight
→陰影/高光
Tint
→淺色調(diào)
Tritone
→三色調(diào)
扭曲 ←Distort
┗Bezier Warp
→貝塞爾彎曲
Bulge
→凹凸鏡（膨脹）
CC Bend It
→CC彎曲
CC Bender CC
→彎曲器
CC Blobbylize CC
→CC融化濺落點
CC Flo Motion
→CC兩點扭曲
CC Griddler
→CC網(wǎng)格變形
CC Lens
→CC透鏡
CC Page Turn
→CC卷頁
CC Power Pin
→CC動力角點
CC Rripple Pulse
→CC漣漪擴散
CC Slant
→CC傾斜
CC Smear
→CC涂抹
CC Split
→CC分割
CC Split2
→CC分割2
CC Tiler
→平鋪
Corner Pin
→邊角定位
Displacement Map
→置換
Liquify
→液化
Magnify
→放大
Mesh Warp
→網(wǎng)格變形
Mirror
→鏡像
Offset
→位移
Optics Compensation →光學補償
Polar Coordinates
→極坐標
Puppet
→木偶
Ripple
→波紋
Reshape
→形變
Smear
→涂抹
Spherize
→球面化
Transform
→變換
Turbulent Displace →劇烈置換
Twirl
→扭轉(zhuǎn)
Warp
→彎曲
Wave Warp
→波形彎曲
表達式控制 ←Expression Controls
┗Angle Control
→角度控制
Checkbox Control →復選框控制
Color Control
→色彩控制
Layer Control
→圖層控制
Point Control
→點控制
Slider Control
→滑桿控制 生成←Generate
┗4-Color Gradient
→四色漸變
Advanced Lightning →高級閃電
Audio Spectrun
→音頻頻譜
Audio Waveform
→音頻波形
Beam
→光束
CC Glue Gun
→CC 噴膠槍
CC Light Burst 2.5 →CC突發(fā)光2.5
CC Light Rays
→CC光線
CC Light Sweep
→CC掃光
Cell Pattern
→蜂巢圖案
Checkerboard
→棋盤
Circle
→圓
Ellipse
→橢圓
Eyedropper Fill
→吸色管填充
Fill
→填充
Fractal
→分形
Grid
→網(wǎng)格
Lens Flare
→鏡頭光暈
Paint Bucket
→油漆桶
Radio Waves
→電波
Ramp
→漸變
Scribble
→涂鴉
Stroke
→描邊
Vegas
→勾畫
Write-on
→書寫
鍵控 ←Keying
┗CC Simple Wire Removal →CC簡單金屬移除
Color Difference Key
→色彩差異鍵
Color Key
→色彩鍵
Color Range
→色彩范圍
Difference Matte
→差異蒙版
Extrace
→提?。ǔ槌觯?/p>
Inner/Outer Key
→內(nèi)部/外部鍵
Keylight（1.2）
→Keylight（1.2）
Linear Color Key
→線性色彩鍵
Luma Key
→亮度鍵
Spill Suppressor
→溢色抑制
蒙版←Matte
┗Matte Choker →蒙版抑制
Simple Choker →簡單抑制 噪波與顆粒←Noise & Grain
┗Add Grain
→添加顆粒
Dust & Scratches→灰塵與刮痕
Fractal Noise
→分形噪波
Match Grain
→匹配顆粒
Median
→中值
Noise
→噪波
Noise Alpha
→Alpha噪波
Noise HLS
→HLS噪波
Noise HLS Auto →自動HLS噪波
Remove Grain
→移除顆粒
Turbulent Noise →紊亂雜波 舊版本←Obsolete
┗Basic 3D
→基本3D
Basic Text →基本文字
Lightning →閃電
Path Text →路徑文字 繪圖←Paint
┗Paint →繪圖
Vector Paint →失量繪圖 透視←Perspective
┗3D Glasses
→3D眼睛
Bevel Alpha
→斜面Alpha
Bevel Edges
→斜角邊
CC Cylinder
→CC圓柱體
CC Sphere
→CC球體
CC Spotlight →CC聚光燈
Drop Shadow
→陰影
Radial Shadow →放射陰影 模擬仿真←Simulation
┗Card Dance
→卡片舞蹈
Caustics
→焦散
CC Ball Action
→CC滾珠操作
CC Bubbles
→CC吹泡泡
CC Drizzle
→CC細雨滴
CC Hair
→CC毛發(fā)
CC Mr.Mercury
→C水銀滴落
CC Particle Systems II →CC粒子仿真系統(tǒng)II
CC Particle World
→CC粒子仿真世界
CC Pixel Polly
→CC像素多邊形
CC Rain
→CC下雨
CC Scatterize
→CC散射效果
CC Sonw
→CC下雪
CC Star Burst
→CC星爆
Foam
→泡沫
Particle Playground
→粒子運動
Shatter
→碎片
Wave World
→水波世界
風格化 ←Stylize
┗Brush Strokes →筆觸
Cartoon
→卡通
CC Burn Film
→CC膠片燒灼
CC Glass
→CC玻璃
CC Kaleida
→萬花筒
CC Mr.Smoothie →CC形狀顏色映射
CC RepeTile
→CC重復平鋪
CC Threshold →CC閾值
CC Threshold RGB →CC RGB閾值
Color Emboss →彩色浮雕
Emboss →浮雕
Find Edges →查找邊緣
Glow 輝光
Mosaic →馬賽克
Motion Tile →動態(tài)平鋪
Posterize →招貼畫
Roughen Edges →粗糙邊緣
Scatter →散射
Strobe Light →閃光燈
Texturize →材質(zhì)紋理
Threshold →閾值
Synthetic Aperture ←SA Color Finesse 2 文字 ←Text ┗Numbers →編號
Timecode →時間碼
時間 ←Time ┗CC Force Motion Blur →CC強制動態(tài)模糊 CC Time Blend →CC時間融合
CC Time Blend FX →CC時間融合 FX CC Wide Time →CC寬泛時間 Echo →拖尾
Posterize Time →抽幀 Time Difference →時間差
Time Displacement →時間置換 Timewarp →時間扭曲
過渡 ←Transition ┗Block Dissolve →快溶解 Card Wipe →卡片擦除
CC Glass Wipe →CC玻璃狀擦除 CC Grid Wipe →CC網(wǎng)格擦除 CC Image Wipe →CC圖像擦除 CC Jaws →CC海魚
CC Light Wipe →CC照明燈擦除
CC Radial ScaleWipe →CC徑向縮放擦除 CC Scale Wipe →CC拉伸式縮放 CC Twister →CC龍卷風 Gradient Wipe →漸變擦除 Tris Wipe →形狀劃變 Linear Wipe →線性擦除 Radial Wipe →徑向擦除 Venetian Blinds →百葉窗
實用工具 ←Utility
┗Cineon Converter →Cineon轉(zhuǎn)換
Color Profile Converter →色彩方案轉(zhuǎn)換
Grow Bounds →范圍擴散
HDR Compander →HDR壓縮
HDR Hightlight Compression →HDR高光壓縮
========= Animation菜單
Save Animation Preset→保存動畫預置
Apply Animation Preset→應用動畫預置
Recent Animation Presets→最近使用的動畫預置 Browse Presets→瀏覽預置
添加關鍵幀 ← Add Keyframe 切換保持關鍵幀 ← Toggle Hold Keyframe
關鍵幀插值 ← Keyframe Interpolation...關鍵幀速率 ← Keyframe Velcity...關鍵幀助手 ← Keyframe Assistant
┗Convert Audio to Keyframes → 轉(zhuǎn)換音頻為關鍵幀
Convert Expression to Keyframes → 轉(zhuǎn)換表達式為關鍵幀
Easy Ease
→ 緩和曲線
Easy Ease In
→ 緩和曲線淡入點
Easy Ease Out
→ 緩和曲線淡出點
Exponential Scale
→ 時間反向關鍵幀
RPF Camera Import
→ RPF攝象機導入
Sequence Layers...→ 序列圖層
Time-Reverse Keyframes
→ 指數(shù)比例
文字動畫 ← Animate Text
┗Enable Per-character 3D→激化逐字3D化 Anchor Point
→ 軸心點
Position
→ 位置
Scale
→ 縮放
Skew
→ 傾斜
Rotation
→ 旋轉(zhuǎn)
Opacity
→ 不透明度
All Transform Properties
→ 所有變換
Fill Color
→ 填充色 ┗RGB →RGB
Hue →色相
Saturation →飽和度
Brightness →亮度
Opacity →透明度
Stroke Color
→ 描邊色
┗RGB →RGB
Hue →色相
Saturation →飽和度
Brightness →亮度
Opacity →透明度
Stroke Width
→ 描邊寬度
Tracking
→ 跟蹤
Line Anchor
→ 行定位
Line Spacing
→ 行間距
Character Offset → 字符偏移
Character Value
→ 字符值
Blur →模糊
添加文字選擇器 ← Add Text Selector
┗Range → 范圍
Wiggly → 抖動
Expression
→表達式 移除所有文字動畫 ← Remove All Text Animators
添加表達式 ← Add Expression 分割尺寸←
Separate Dimensions
動態(tài)跟蹤← Track Motion
穩(wěn)定運動 ← Stabilize Motion
追蹤當前屬性 ← Track this property
顯示關鍵幀 ← Reveal Animating Properties
顯示已修改屬性 ← Reveal Modified Properties ======= View菜單
新建視圖 ← New Viewr
放大 ← Zoom In
縮小 ← Zoom Out
分辯率 ← Resolution
┗Full
→ 最佳
Half
→ 一半
Third
→ 三分之一
Quarter
→ 四分之一
Custom....→ 自定義
使用顯示器色彩管理 ←Use Display Color Management 模式輸出← 輸出Simulate Output
隱藏/顯示標尺 ← Show Rulers
隱藏/顯示輔助線 ← Hide Guides
吸附輔助線 ← Snap To Guides
鎖定輔助線 ← Lock Guides
清楚輔助線 ← Clear Guides
隱藏/顯示網(wǎng)格 ← Show Grid
吸附網(wǎng)格 ← Snap to Grid
視圖選項 ← View Options...顯示圖層控制 ← Show Layer Controls
重置3D視圖 ← Reset 3D View
切換3D視圖 ← Switch 3D View
┗Active Camera → 有效攝象機
Front
→ 前視圖
Left
→ 左視圖
Top
→ 頂視圖
Back
→ 后視圖
Right
→ 右視圖
Bottom
→ 底視圖
Custom View 1 → 自定視圖1
Custom View 2 → 自定視圖2
Custom View 3 → 自定視圖3 分配快捷鍵給“有效攝像機” ←Assign Shortcut to““Active Camera” 切換到最近的3D視圖 ← Switch To Last 3D View
查看所選圖層 ← Look At Selected Layers
查看所有圖層 ← Look At All Layers
前往指定時間 ← Go To Time...========== Window菜單
工作區(qū) ←Workspace
┗All Panels
→全部面板
Animation
→動畫
Effests
→特效
Minimal
→簡約
Motion Tracking →動態(tài)跟蹤
Paint
→繪圖
Standard
→標準
Text
→文字
Undocked Panels →解除面板停靠
New Workspace
→新建工件區(qū)
Delete Workspace →刪除工作空間
Reset“All Panels”→重置“標準”工作區(qū)
分配快捷鍵給“標準”工作區(qū)→Assign Shortcut to “All Panels” Workspace
對齊 ←Align
音頻 ←Audio
畫筆 ←Brushes 字符調(diào)板 ←Character 效果和預置←Effects &Presets 信息調(diào)板 ←Info 智能遮罩插值 ←Mask Interpolation 元數(shù)據(jù)←Metadata 動態(tài)草圖 ←Motion Sketc 繪畫 ←Paint 段落 ←Paragraph 預覽控制臺←Preview平滑器←Smoother 工具箱 ←Tools 跟蹤←Tracker 搖擺器←Wiggler 合成←1 Composition 特效控制臺←2Effect Controls 流程圖←3 Flowchart 素材←4 Footage 圖層←5 Layer 工程←6 Project 渲染隊列←7 Render Queue 時間線←8 Timeline
第二篇：中英文對照A
《美國口語慣用法例句集粹》Ａ
A(Page 1-4)
1.about
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)I'd like to know what this is all about.我想知道這到底是怎么回事。How about a fish sandwich? 來一塊魚肉三明治怎么樣？What about me? 我怎么樣？I'm not about to go in that old house.我是不會進那幢舊房子的！Yes I remember that night.What about it? 是的，我記得那個晚上，那又怎樣？What's this all about? 這到底是怎么回事？It's about time you showed up!差不多是你該露面的時候了。
2.above
1)
2)Above all, I want everything quiet.首要的是：我要一切保持安定。Tom thinks he's above hard work.湯姆認為自己沒必要努力工作。
3.act
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)Would you please act out what happened? 你能把發(fā)生的事演示一下嗎？Watch Ricky.He sometimes likes to act up in class.注意里基，他又是喜歡在課堂上搗蛋。That profane comedian needs to clean up his act.那個愛說粗言穢語的喜劇演員應該凈化一下自己的言行。We need to get our act together and come to see you.我們需要統(tǒng)一意見后來見你。The newspapers called the earthquake an act of God.報紙上稱那次地震為天災。Masa is a class act.瑪莎是位杰出的女性。
4.action
1)
2)
3)
4)We're going to bring action against our debtors.我們打算控告我們的債務人。Did you see any action in yesterday's ballgame? 昨晚的棒球比賽中你看到有什么有趣的精彩場面嗎？Our community is going to take action against the proposed waste dump.我地區(qū)要采取行動反對那項垃圾處理場的提案。Jim wants to go where the action is.吉姆想去有刺激性的地方。
5.advantage
1)
2)Our opponents have a height advantage on us.我們的對手在身高上比我們占有優(yōu)勢。Nobody likes to be taken advantage of.沒有人喜歡被捉弄（或：被欺騙、利用）
6.after
1)
2)
3)
4)I think that girl is after you.我想那女孩是在追你。It looks like things are gonna work out after all.看起來事情終會解決的。This soft drink has a nasty aftertaste.這軟飲料有種讓人難受的余味。I see your point, but don't you think it's way after the fact.我明白你的意思，但你不覺
得這已是“事后諸葛亮”了嗎？
7.again
1)I could go to Japan again and again.我可以一而再、再而三地去日本。（注：意指不會感到
厭倦）
8.age
1)
2)Would you please act your age!請你做事要有一個與自己年齡相稱的樣子。This is a “coming of age” movie.這是一部成人影片。
9.air
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)I need to go outside and get some air.我需要出去呼吸點新鮮空氣。I don't know what's wrong, but can feel it in the air.雖然我不知道到底是出了什么差錯，但我能隱隱約約感覺到。Mike was sad when they took his favorite program off the air.當邁克喜歡的節(jié)目被取消時，他感到很傷心。The sale of our house is still up in the air.我們的房子出勤率售一事還沒有最后定下來。After winning the championship, I felt I could walk on air.獲得冠軍后，我飄飄欲仙。Your sister is such an airhead.你姐姐真是來個沒有頭腦的人。Janet Jackson's new song is getting lots of airplay.珍妮〃杰克遜的新歌到處都在不斷地播放。That last time I took a plane, I got airsick.上次我乘飛機時暈機了。I hope there's no bad air between us.我希望我們之間的關系不要很別扭。
10.all
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)It's looks like we won't be going after all.看起來最后我們還是不能去。We've all but finished the project.我們已幾乎完成了那個項目。All in all I'd say it's been a very productive day.總的來說，我認為這一天過得很充實。Let's go all-out and win this game!讓我們盡全力來打贏這場比賽。We knew it was all over when we saw the building burst.當我們看見那座建筑突然起火時，我們知道一切全完了。We wish you all the best.我們大家祝福你一切如意。If it's all the same to you, I'd just as soon not go.如果這對你都是一回事的話，我就不想去了。They were running from the police like all get-out.他們以極快的速度逃脫警察的追趕。I didn't see them come in at all.我根本高沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的進來。Let's settle this matter once and for all.讓我們來把這個問題一次性地徹底解決掉。Mark is an all-around athlete.馬克是一個全能運動員。Did you get to play in the all-star game? 你入選全明星隊的比賽了嗎？He bloke the all-time record in the 100-meter run at his school.他打破了他所在的學校
100米跑的歷史最高記錄。
11.alley
1)Working on cars isn't up my alley.修理汽車不是我拿手的活兒。
12.alone
1)
2)I just wanna be left alone.我只是想一個人呆會兒。Can't you just leave well enough alone? 你不能少管一些閑事嗎？
13.along
1)
2)You knew all along what was going on.你從一開始就知道所發(fā)生的事。Debbie doesn't get along with Steve.戴比和史蒂夫相處得不好。
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)Mr.Pak came here searching for the American dream.帕克先生來到這兒尋求他的“美國夢”。Some foreigners become Americanized while living in the U.S.一些外國人在美國居住時被美國化了。Not having any job freedom would be totally unAmerican.沒有選擇職業(yè)的自由是完全違背美國精神傳統(tǒng)的。Bill is an all-American quarterback.比爾是全美（橄欖球）明星賽的四分衛(wèi)隊員。I just can't go on the American way.我無法適應美國方式。
15.animal
1)
2)Water-skiing really brings out the animal in Tom.滑水運動真正激發(fā)出了湯姆的活力與激情。The young actor emits a lot of animal magnetism on the screen.那個年輕演員在熒幕
上充分顯示出他的性魅力。
16.answer
1)I called Emi but there was no answer.我給埃米打了電話，但是沒人接。
17.apple
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)Have you ever been to the Big Apple? 你去過紐約嗎？Do I sense an apple of discord between you two? 你問我有沒有感覺出你們兩人之間的不和，是嗎？Heather is the apple of my eye.希瑟是我的掌上明珠。Rita likes to keep everything in apple-pie order.麗塔喜歡把一切都弄得井井有條。Dennis has always been an apple polisher.丹尼斯一直就是一個馬屁精。
18.arm
1)
2)
3)
4)You don't have to twist my arm to get me to go with you.用不著你強迫我跟你走。My father is a hopeless armchair quarterback.我爸爸是一個沒救了的紙上談兵的人。The suspects are armed and dangerous.嫌疑犯帶有武器，十分危險。Every spring the park is filled with lovers walking arm in arm.每到春天公園里到處都是
手挽手散步的戀人。
19.around
1)
2)Coach Johnson has been around for 30 years.約翰遜教練已有三十年的經(jīng)驗了。Someone is on duty here around-the-clock.有人在這里晝夜值班。
20.as
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)It looks as if someone has already been here.看起來在人來過這里了。As for me, I'm going home.至于我，我準備回家。Marty is acting as if nothing happened.馬蒂表現(xiàn)得像什么也沒發(fā)生過一樣。I want this room left as is.我希望這間房子保持原樣。The changes will begin taking place as of tomorrow.變動從明天開始實施。Police are baffled as to the whereabouts of the kidnappers.警察局搜尋綁架者的工作受
挫。
1)
2)
3)
4)Our gas bill average about $50 a month.我們每個月的煤氣費平均50美元。On the average, I'd say we eat chicken once a week.我們平均每周吃一次雞肉。Kent describes himself as just an average Joe.肯特視自己為一名普通的美國人。On the average day, over 100,000 kids bring guns to school in the U.S.在美國平常日
子里，有100,000個孩子帶手槍去上學。
22.away
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)What makes you think you're gonna get away with this? 是什么使你認為你可以免受處罰？I wish they'd do away with these complicated tax forms.我希望他們能費除掉這些復雜的稅務表格。We're planning a weekend getaway for our anniversary.我們正在為慶祝我們的紀念日而安排一次周末的外出活動。Tom wants to run away from home.湯姆想從家里出逃。Dave and Kathy are going to steal away on vacation.戴夫和凱茜計劃在假期里偷偷跑出
去。
第三篇：中英文對照
AEROFLEX “亞羅弗”保溫 ALCO “艾科”自控 Alerton 雅利頓空調(diào) Alfa laval阿法拉伐換熱器 ARMSTRONG “阿姆斯壯”保溫 AUX 奧克斯
BELIMO 瑞士“搏力謀”閥門 BERONOR西班牙“北諾爾”電加熱器 BILTUR 意大利“百得”燃燒器 BOSIC “柏誠”自控 BROAD 遠大
Burnham美國“博恩漢”鍋爐 CALPEDA意大利“科沛達”水泵 CARLY 法國“嘉利”制冷配件 Carrier 開利 Chigo 志高
Cipriani 意大利斯普萊力
CLIMAVENETA意大利“克萊門特” Copeland“谷輪”壓縮機 CYRUS意大利”賽諾思”自控 DAIKIN 大金空調(diào)
丹佛斯自控 Dorin “多菱”壓縮機
DUNHAM-BUSH 頓漢布什空調(diào)制冷 DuPont美國“杜邦”制冷劑 Dwyer 美國德威爾 EBM “依必安”風機
ELIWELL意大利“伊力威”自控 Enfinilan 英國“英菲尼蘭“閥門 EVAPCO美國“益美高”冷卻設備 EVERY CONTROL意大利“美控” Erie 怡日
FRASCOLD 意大利“富士豪”壓縮機 FRICO瑞典“弗瑞克”空氣幕 FUJI “富士”變頻器
FULTON 美國“富爾頓”鍋爐 GENUIN “正野”風機 GREE 格力
GREENCOOL格林柯爾 GRUNDFOS “格蘭富”水泵 Haier 海爾 Hisense 海信 HITACHI 日立
霍尼韋爾自控 Johnson 江森自控 Kelon 科龍
KRUGER瑞士“科祿格”風機 KU BA德國“庫寶”冷風機 Liang Chi 良機冷卻塔 LIEBERT 力博特空調(diào) MARLEY “馬利”冷卻塔 Maneurop法國“美優(yōu)樂”壓縮機 McQuary 麥克維爾 Midea 美的 MITSUBISHI三菱
Munters 瑞典“蒙特”除濕機 Panasonic 松下 RANCO “宏高”自控
REFCOMP意大利“萊富康”壓縮機 RIDGID 美國“里奇”工具 RUUD美國“路德”空調(diào) RYODEN “菱電”冷卻塔 SanKen “三墾”變頻器 Samsung 三星 SANYO 三洋
ASWELL英國森威爾自控 Schneider 施耐德電氣 SenseAir 瑞典“森爾”傳感器 SIEMENS 西門子
SINKO ",28商機網(wǎng);新晃“空調(diào) SINRO “新菱”冷卻塔 STAND “思探得”加濕器 SWEP 舒瑞普換熱器 TECKA “臺佳”空調(diào) Tecumseh“泰康”壓縮機 TRANE 特靈
TROX德國“妥思”風閥 VASALA芬蘭“維薩拉”傳感器 WILO德國“威樂”水泵 WITTLER 德國”威特”閥門 YORK 約克
ZENNER德國“真蘭”計量
第四篇：中英文對照
醫(yī)院中英文對照
發(fā)熱門診Have Fever主治醫(yī)師Doctor-in-charge 供應室Supply Room謝絕入內(nèi)No entering 紅燈亮時謝絕入內(nèi)No entering when red light
彩超、心電圖Colorful Cardiogram/ECG住院樓Inpatient Building 透析血磁EndoscopeDept.護士Nueser康復理療科RehabilitationPhysiotherapyDept.中藥計價China medical price account肛腸科Ano-proctology
皮膚、肛腸、男性科、泌尿科候診Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Clinic 皮膚科、肛腸科、男性科、泌尿科Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Dept 中醫(yī)科Traditional Chinese Medicine五官科ENT Dept.男性科、泌尿科 Male urology Dept.安全出口Exit
預防保健科Medical center for health preventionand care
后勤科、藥庫Logistic Room、Seore入院登記In-patient Admisson 高壓氧治療Hyperbaric Oxygehation Therapy碎石中心ESWL Center 急救中心Emergency Center掛號收費Registration
中心藥房Cenreral Pharmacy內(nèi)科門診Internal Medicine Clinic會議室Meeting Room手外科Hand Surgery 產(chǎn)科Obstentrics Dept.骨外科Orthopedics Dept.神經(jīng)、燒傷外科Neurosurgery.Plaseric surgey Dept.麻醉科Anaesthesiology手術室Operation Room 泌尿、腫瘤外科Urologic.Gumorsurgery Dept.婦科Gynecology Dept.內(nèi)二科Internal Medicine.Ward 2產(chǎn)房及愛嬰中心Delivery Room內(nèi)一科Internal Medicine.Ward 1洗手間Toilet
普外、胸外科Surgey、Thoracic Surgey Dept.皮膚科Dermatology Dept.中醫(yī)骨傷科Traditional Mediaine or Thopaedics餐廳Dining Room 配餐室Pantry Room后勤科Logistics Dept.電工室Electrician Room接待室Dermatology Room 內(nèi)、兒科候診 Internal medicine.Pediatrics功能檢查候診Function Exam 中醫(yī)科候診TCM Clinic放射科候診Radiology Clinic 婦科門診Gynecology Dept.產(chǎn)科候診Obstentrics Clinic 肛腸科候診Ano-proctology婦科候診Gynecology Clinic 產(chǎn)科門診Obstentrics Dept.五官科候診ENT.Clinic 外科候診Surgery Clinic輸液中心Transfusion Center 皮膚、泌尿科候診 Dermatology.Male Urology Clinic檢驗候診Clinical Laborotories 家屬休息Relation Rest Room口腔科門診Stomatology Clinic 內(nèi)兒科Internal Medicine.Pediaarics鏡檢科Endoscope Dept.外科Surgrey Dept.檢驗中心Laboratory Center 功能檢查Function Exam Dept.登記處Registration 預防保健門診Hygine ＆ Public Health Dept.收費處Cashier 美容科、鏡檢科門診 Cosmetology Dept.Endoscope Clinic
收費健康發(fā)證Gharge lssue Bill of Health試敏觀察室Scratch Espial Room
第五篇：中英文對照
共軌技術
隨著人們對低油耗、低廢氣排放、發(fā)動機低噪聲的需求越來越大，對發(fā)動機和燃油噴射系統(tǒng)的要求也越來也高。對柴油發(fā)動機燃油噴射系統(tǒng)提出的要求也在不斷增加。更高的壓力、更快的開關時間，以及根據(jù)發(fā)動機工況修訂的可變的流量速率曲線，已經(jīng)使得柴油發(fā)動機具有良好的經(jīng)濟性、低污染、高動力性，因此柴油發(fā)動機甚至進入了豪華高性能轎車領域。達到這些需求的前提是擁有一個可以精確霧化燃油并具有高噴油壓力的燃油噴射系統(tǒng)。同時，噴油量必須精確計算，燃油流量速率曲線必須有精確的計算模型，預噴射和二次噴射必須能夠完成。一個可以達到以上需求的系統(tǒng)即共軌燃油噴射系統(tǒng)。
共軌系統(tǒng)包括以下幾個主要的部分： ①低壓部分，包含燃油共軌系統(tǒng)組件。
②高壓系統(tǒng)，包含高壓泵、油軌、噴油器和高壓油管等組件。
電控柴油機系統(tǒng)EDC主要由系統(tǒng)模塊，如傳感器、電子控制單元和執(zhí)行機構組成。共軌系統(tǒng)的主要部分即噴油器。它們擁有一個可以快速開關噴嘴的執(zhí)行閥(電磁閥或壓電觸發(fā)器)，這就允許對每個氣缸的噴射進行控制。
所有的噴油器都由一個共同的油軌提供燃油，這就是“共軌”的由來。在共軌燃油噴射系統(tǒng)中，燃油噴射和壓力的產(chǎn)生是分開的。噴油壓力的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速和噴油量無關。EDC控制每個組件。
(1)壓力產(chǎn)生。
燃油噴射和壓力的產(chǎn)生是通過蓄能器分離開來。將具有壓力的燃油提供給為噴射做好準備的共軌系統(tǒng)的蓄能器。
由發(fā)動機驅(qū)動的連續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)的高壓泵提供所需噴油的壓力。無論發(fā)動機的轉(zhuǎn)速高低，還是燃油噴射量的多少，油軌中的壓力均維持在一定值。由于幾乎一致的噴油方式，高壓泵的設計可以小的多，而且它的驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)矩可以比傳統(tǒng)燃油噴射系統(tǒng)低，這源于高壓泵的負載很小。
高壓泵是徑向活塞泵，在商用車上有時會使用內(nèi)嵌式噴油泵。(2)壓力控制
所應用的壓力控制方法主要取決于系統(tǒng)。
一種控制油軌壓力的方式是通過一個壓力控制閥對高壓側(cè)進行控制。不需噴射的燃油通過壓力控制閥流回到低壓回路。這種控制回路允許油軌壓力對不同工況(如負載變化時)迅速做出反應。
在第一批共軌系統(tǒng)中采用了對高壓側(cè)的控制。壓力控制閥安裝在燃油軌道上更可取，但是在一些應用中，它被直接安裝在高壓泵中。
另一種控制軌道壓力的方式是進口端控制燃油供給。安裝在高壓泵的法蘭上的計量單元保證了泵提供給油軌精確的燃油量，以維持系統(tǒng)所需要的噴油壓力。
發(fā)生故障時，壓力安全閥防止油軌壓力超過最大值。
在進口端對燃油供給的控制減少了高壓燃油的用量，降低了泵的輸入功率。這對燃油消耗起到積極的作用。同時，流回油箱的燃油溫度與傳統(tǒng)高壓側(cè)控制的方法相比得到了降低。
雙執(zhí)行器系統(tǒng)也是一種控制軌道壓力的方式，它通過計算單元對壓力進行控制，并且通過壓力控制閥對高壓端進行控制，因此同時具備高壓側(cè)控制與進口端燃料供給控制的優(yōu)勢。
(3)燃油噴射
噴油器直接將燃料噴到發(fā)動機的燃燒室。它們由與燃油軌道直接相連的短高壓油軌提供燃油。發(fā)動機的控制單元通過與噴油器結合在一起的控制閥的開閉控制噴油嘴的開關。
噴油器的開啟時間和系統(tǒng)油壓決定了燃油供給量。在恒壓狀態(tài)下，燃油供給量與電磁閥的開啟時間成正比，因此與發(fā)動機或油泵的轉(zhuǎn)速(以時間為計量的燃油噴射)無關。
(4)液壓輔助動力
與傳統(tǒng)燃油噴射系統(tǒng)相比，將壓力的產(chǎn)生與燃油的噴射分離開來，有利于燃燒室的充分燃燒。燃油噴射壓力在系統(tǒng)中基本可以自主選擇。目前最高燃油壓力為1600巴，將來會達到1800巴。
共軌系統(tǒng)通過引入預噴射或多次噴射可以進一步減少廢氣排放，也能明顯降低燃燒噪聲。通過多次觸發(fā)高速轉(zhuǎn)換閥的開閉可以在每個噴射周期內(nèi)實現(xiàn)多達5次的噴射。噴油針閥的開閉動作是液壓輔助元件助力的，以保證噴射結束的快速性。
(5)控制和調(diào)節(jié)
發(fā)動機的控制單元通過傳感器檢測加速踏板的位置以及發(fā)動機和車輛的當前工況。采集到的數(shù)據(jù)包括：
① 曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)角； ② 燃油軌道的壓力； ③ 進氣壓力；
④ 進氣溫度、冷卻液溫度和燃油溫度； ⑤ 進氣量； ⑥ 車速等。
電控單元處理輸入信號。與燃燒同步，電控單元計算施加給壓力控制閥或計算模塊、噴油器和其他執(zhí)行機構(如EGR閥，廢氣渦輪增壓器)的觸發(fā)信號。
噴油器的開關時間應很短，采用優(yōu)化的高壓開關閥和專業(yè)的控制系統(tǒng)即可實現(xiàn)。
根據(jù)曲軸和凸輪軸傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)，對照發(fā)動機狀態(tài)(時間控制)，角度/時間系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)噴油正時。電控柴油機系統(tǒng)(EDC)可以實現(xiàn)對燃油噴射量的精確計算。此外，EDC還擁有額外的功能以進一步提高發(fā)動機的響應特性和便利性。
其基本功能包括對柴油燃油噴射正時的精確控制，和在給定壓力下對油量的控制。這樣，它們就保證了柴油發(fā)動機具有能耗低、運行平穩(wěn)的特點。
其他開環(huán)和閉環(huán)控制功能用于減少廢氣排放和燃油消耗，或提供附加的可靠性和便利性，具體例子有：
① 廢氣在循環(huán)控制； ② 增壓控制； ③ 巡航控制；
④ 電子防盜控制系統(tǒng)等。(6)控制單元結構。
由于發(fā)動機控制單元通常最多有8個噴油器輸出口，所以超過八缸的發(fā)動機需要兩個控制單元。它們通過內(nèi)置高速CAN網(wǎng)絡的“主/從”接口進行連接，因此也擁有較高的微控制器處理能力。一些功能被 分配給某個特定的控制單元(如燃料平衡控制)，其功能根據(jù)需求情況(如檢測傳感器信號)可以動態(tài)地分配給一個或多個控制單元。
The Common Rail Calls for lower fuel consumption, reduced exhaust-gas emission, and quiet engines are making greater demands on the engine and fuel-injection system.The demands placed on diesel-engine fuel-injection systems are continuously increasing.Higher pressures, faster switching times, and a variable rate-of-discharge curve modified to the engine operating state have made the diesel engine economical, clean, and powerful.As a result, diesel engines have even entered the realm of luxury-performance sedans.These demands can only be met by a fuel-injection pressure.At the same time the injected fuel quantity must be very precisely metered, and the rate-of-discharge curve must have an exact shape, and pre-injection and secondary injection must be performable.A system that meets these demands is the common-rail fuel-injection system.The main advantage of the common-rail system is its ability to vary injection pressure and timing over a broad scale.This was achieved by separating pressure generation(in the high-pressure pump)from the fuel-injection system(injection).The rail here acts as a pressure accumulator.Principle of the Common Rail The common-rail system consists of the following main component groups: ① The low-pressure stage, comprising the fuel-supply system components;② The high-pressure system, comprising components such as the high-pressure pump, fuel-rail, injector, and high-pressure fuel lines.The electronic diesel control(EDC), consisting of system modules, such as sensors, the electronic control unit, and actuators.The key components of the common-rail system are the injectors.They are fitted with a rapid-action valve(solenoid valve or piezo-triggered actuator)which opens and closes the nozzle.This permits control of the injection process for each cylinder.All the injectors are fed by a common fuel rail, this being the origin of the term “common rail”.In the common-rail fuel-injection system, the function of pressure generation and fuel injection are separate.The injection pressure is generated independent of the engine speed and the injected fuel quantity.The electronic diesel control(EDC)controls each of the components.(1)Pressure Generation.Pressure generation and fuel injection are separated by means of an accumulator volume.Fuel under pressure is supplied to the accumulator volume of the common
rail ready for injection.A continuously operating high-pressure pump driven by the engine produces the desired injection pressure.Pressure in the fuel rail is maintained irrespective of engine speed or injected fuel quantity.Owing to the almost uniform injection pattern, the high-pressure pump design can be much smaller and its drive-system torque can be lower than conventional fuel-injection systems.This results in a much lower load on the pump drive.The high-pressure pump is a radial-piston pump.On commercial vehicles, an in-line fuel-injection pump is sometimes fitted.(2)Pressure Control The pressure control method applied is largely dependent on the system.One way of controlling rail pressure is to control the high-pressure side by a pressure-control valve.Fuel not required for injection flows back to the low-pressure circuit via the pressure-control valve.This type of control loop allows rail pressure to react rapidly to changes in operating point(e.g.in the event of load changes).Control on the high-pressure side was adopted on the first common-rail systems.The pressure-control valve is mounted preferably on the fuel rail.In some applications, however, it is mounted directly on the high-pressure pump.Another way of controlling rail pressure is to control fuel delivery on the suction side.The metering unit flanged on the high-pressure pump makes sure that the pump delivers exactly the right quantity of fuel rail in order to maintain the injection pressure required by the system.In a fault situation, the pressure-relief valve prevents rail pressure from exceeding a maximum.Fuel-delivery control on the suction side reduces the quantity of fuel under high pressure and lowers the power input of the pump.This has a positive impact on fuel consumption.At the same time, the temperature of the fuel flowing back to the fuel tank is reduced in contrast to the control method on the high-pressure side.The two-actuator system is also a way of controlling rail pressure, which combines pressure control on the suction side via the metering unit and control on the high-pressure side via the pressure-control valve, thus marrying the advantages of high-pressure-side control and suction-side fuel-delivery control.(3)Fuel Injection.The injectors spray fuel directly into the engine’s combustion chambers.They are supplied by short high-pressure fuel lines connected to the fuel rail.The engine control unit controls the switching valve integrated in the injector to open and close
the injector nozzle.The injector opening times and system pressure determine the quantity of fuel delivered.At a constant pressure, the fuel quantity delivered is proportional to the switching time of the solenoid valve.This is, therefore, independent of engine or pump speed(time-based fuel injection).(4)Potential Hydraulic Power.Separating the functions of pressure generation and fuel injection opens up future degrees of freedom in the combustion process compared with conventional fuel-injection systems;the injection pressure at pressure at present is 160 MPa;in future this will rise to 180 MPa.The common-rail system allows a future reduction in exhaust-gas emissions by introducing pre-injection events or multiple injection events and also attenuating combustion noise significantly.Multiple injection events of up to five per injection cycle can be generated by triggering the highly rapid-action switching valve several times.The nozzle-needle closing action is hydraulically assisted to ensure that the end of injection is rapid.(5)Control and Regulation.The engine control unit detects the accelerator-pedal position and the current operating states of the engine and vehicle by means of sensors.The data collected includes:
① Crankshaft speed and angle;② Fuel-rail pressure;③ Charge-air pressure:
④ Intake air, coolant temperature, and fuel temperature: ⑤ Air-mass intake: ⑥ Road speed, etc.The electronic control unit evaluates the input signals.In sync with combustion, it calculates the triggering signals for the pressure-control valve or the metering unit, the injectors, and the other actuators(e.g.the EGR valve, exhaust-gas turbocharger actuators, etc.).The injector switching times, which need to be short, are achievable using the optimized high-pressure switching valves and a special control system.The angle/time system compares injection timing, based on data from the crankshaft and camshaft sensors, with the engine state(time control).The electronic diesel control(EDC)permits a precise metering of the injected fuel quantity.In
addition, EDC offers the potential for additional functions that can improve engine response and convenience.The basic functions involve the precise control of diesel-fuel injection timing and fuel quantity at the reference pressure.In this way, they ensure that the diesel engine has low consumption and smooth running characteristics.Additional open-and close-loop control functions perform the tasks of reducing exhaust-gas emissions and fuel consumption, or providing added safely and convenience.Some examples are:
① Control of exhaust-gas recirculation;② Boost-pressure control;③ Cruise control;
④ Electronic immobilizer, etc.(6)Control Unit Configuration.As the engine control unit normally has a maximum of only eight output stages for the injectors, engines with more than eight cylinders are fitted with two engine control units.They are coupled within the “ master/slave ” network via an internal, high-speed CAN interface.As a result, there is also a high microcontroller processing capacity available.Some functions are permanently allocated to a specific control unit(e.g.fuel-balancing control).Other can be dynamically allocated to one or many of the control units as situation demand(e.g.to detect sensor signals).
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