第一篇：林肯解放黑人奴隸宣言(中英文對照)

林肯：解放黑人奴隸宣言

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION: By the President of the United States of America:

1862年9月22日，一個瘦弱而偉大的總統(tǒng)用顫抖的雙手簽署了這份宣言，他知道雖然該宣言會激起奴隸主們的反抗，可能會造成國家

第二篇：林肯解放黑人奴隸宣言(中英文對照)

林肯：解放黑人奴隸宣言

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION: By the President of the United States of America:

1862年9月22日，一個瘦弱而偉大的總統(tǒng)用顫抖的雙手簽署了這份宣言，他知道雖然該宣言會激起奴隸主們的反抗，可能會造成國家南北的分裂。但為了結(jié)束一個資本主義與奴隸制并存的畸形社會，他用顫抖的雙手簽了，雖然此后他的擔(dān)心成真了，而且自己還被同情奴隸制的蒲斯刺殺了。但統(tǒng)一后的美利堅合眾國在通往現(xiàn)代化的道路上一路狂飆，創(chuàng)造了無數(shù)現(xiàn)代文明，引領(lǐng)了整個20世紀(jì)。這個丑陋而羸弱的總統(tǒng)也成就了美國歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)。

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION: By the President of the United States of America: A PROCLAMATION Whereas on the 22nd day of September, A.D.1862, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit: “That on the 1st day of January, A.D.1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free;and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.”That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States;and the fact that any State or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participated shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States." Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for supressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, A.D.1863, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from the first day above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the following, to wit: Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana(except the parishes of St.Bernard, Palquemines, Jefferson, St.John, St.Charles, St.James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St.Mary, St.Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia(except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Morthhampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free;and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence;and I recommend to them that, in all case when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.On Jan.1, 1863, U.S.President Abraham Lincoln declared free all slaves residing in territory in rebellion against the federal government.This Emancipation Proclamation actually freed few people.It did not apply to slaves in border states fighting on the Union side;nor did it affect slaves in southern areas already under Union control.Naturally, the states in rebellion did not act on Lincoln?s order.But the proclamation did show Americans--and the world--that the civil war was now being fought to end slavery.Lincoln had been reluctant to come to this position.A believer in white supremacy, he initially viewed the war only in terms of preserving the Union.As pressure for abolition mounted in Congress and the country, however, Lincoln became more sympathetic to the idea.On Sept.22, 1862, he issued a preliminary proclamation announcing that emancipation would become effective on Jan.1, 1863, in those states still in rebellion.Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in America--this was achieved by the passage of the 13TH Amendment to the Constitution on Dec.18, 1865--it did make that accomplishment a basic war goal and a virtual certainty.DOUGLAS T.MILLER Bibliography: Commager, Henry Steele, The Great Proclamation(1960);Donovan, Frank, Mr.Lincoln?s Proclamation(1964);Franklin, John Hope, ed., The Emancipation Proclamation(1964).1862年9月22日，合眾國總統(tǒng)曾發(fā)出一道宣言，其內(nèi)容如下：

“1863年元月1日起，凡在當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裆性诜纯购媳妵娜魏我恢葜畠?nèi)，或一州的指明地區(qū)之內(nèi)，為人占有而做奴隸的人們都應(yīng)在那時及以后永遠(yuǎn)獲得自由；公眾國政府行政部門，包括海陸軍當(dāng)局，將承認(rèn)并保障這些人的自由，當(dāng)他們或他們之中的任何人為自己的自由而作任何努力時，不作任何壓制他們的行為。

政府的行政部門將于上述的元月1日，以公告宣布那些州或那些州的那些地區(qū)的人民當(dāng)時尚在反抗合眾國，如果有的話；在那一天任何一州或其人民以大多數(shù)合法選舉人參加選舉出來的代表參加合眾國國會，同時沒有強(qiáng)有力的反證時，這種事實就是該州及其人民沒有反抗合眾國的確實證據(jù)”。

所以現(xiàn)在我，合眾國總統(tǒng)阿伯拉罕·林肯，以在反抗合眾國政府當(dāng)局的武裝叛變時期被授權(quán)為合眾國海陸軍總司令的職權(quán)，作為一個適當(dāng)?shù)?、必須的?zhàn)略措施以便鎮(zhèn)壓上述叛變，特于1863年元月1日，從上面第一次所說之日起至今足足一百天的期間，根據(jù)這樣的目的公開宣布現(xiàn)在反對合眾國者有如下諸州及某些州的下列地區(qū)及其人民： 阿肯色、得克薩斯、路易西安那（除去圣伯爾拿、普拉奎明、哲斐孫、圣約翰、圣查理、圣詹姆士、亞森湘、亞森普欣、得里保恩、拉伐什、圣馬利、圣馬丁以及奧爾良等郡，包括新奧爾良城在內(nèi)）、密西西比、阿拉巴馬、弗羅里達(dá)、喬治亞、南卡羅來納、北卡羅來納和佛吉尼亞（除去西佛吉尼亞四十八個郡以及柏克立、阿康瑪克、諾珊普頓、依利薩伯、約克、安公主、諾福克等郡包括諾?？撕蜆愦拿┧箖沙窃趦?nèi)），這些除開的地區(qū)現(xiàn)在仍暫時維持本公告發(fā)出之前的原有狀況。

為著上述的目的，我利用我的職權(quán)，正式命令并宣告在上述諸州以及某些州的上述地區(qū)以內(nèi)所有作為奴錄的人現(xiàn)在和今后永遠(yuǎn)獲得自由；合眾國政府，包括海陸軍當(dāng)局在內(nèi)，將承認(rèn)并保持上述人們的自由。

我現(xiàn)在命令這些被宣布自由的人們，除非是必須的自衛(wèi)，不得有違法行為；我勸告他們，在任何可能的情況下，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)忠實地為合理的工資而勞動。

我進(jìn)一步宣告在適當(dāng)條件下，這些人們可參加合眾國的軍事工作，駐守炮臺、陳地、衛(wèi)戍區(qū)域以及其他地區(qū)，以及在各種軍艦上服役。

我真誠地相信這個舉動是一個正義的舉動，合于憲法的規(guī)定，根據(jù)軍事的需要。我祈求人類的慎重判斷和萬能上帝的恩典。作為證明，我署名于此并加蓋合眾國國璽。于華盛頓，1863年元月1日 合眾國獨立第87周年。阿伯拉罕·林肯 威廉·西華德（國務(wù)卿）

第三篇：解放黑人奴隸宣言演講稿

《解放黑人奴隸宣言》（The Emancipation Proclamation）是一份由美國總統(tǒng)亞伯拉罕·林肯公布的宣言，其主張所有美利堅聯(lián)邦叛亂下的領(lǐng)土之黑奴應(yīng)享有自由，然而豁免的對象未包含未脫離聯(lián)邦的邊境州，以及聯(lián)邦掌控下的諸州。此宣言雖僅立即解放少部分奴隸，但實質(zhì)上強(qiáng)化聯(lián)邦軍掌控聯(lián)邦的領(lǐng)土后這些黑奴自由的權(quán)威性，并為最終廢除全美奴隸制度預(yù)先鋪路。

整份宣言分成兩個部分發(fā)布：第一部分發(fā)布于1862年9月22日，是份概述第二部分目的的準(zhǔn)備公告；第二部分正式生效于1863年1月1日，此時正處于南北戰(zhàn)爭的第二年，其中包含亞伯拉罕·林肯的聲明：所有脫離聯(lián)邦并回到聯(lián)邦掌控下的州之奴隸最遲于1863年1月1日后當(dāng)被解放。有十個州的名字在第二部分公布時被逐一提及，可有意忽略了馬里蘭州、德拉瓦州（特拉華州）（當(dāng)時皆未脫離聯(lián)邦）、田納西州（已確實在聯(lián)邦控制之下）、密蘇里州以及肯塔基州（已存有幾個被聯(lián)邦接受的派系政府，但仍未正式脫離聯(lián)邦）。特別豁免權(quán)由48個連署成立西維吉尼亞州以及其他被舉列的維吉尼亞州郡表述；另外還包含紐奧良和幾個被列舉為聯(lián)邦掌控之下的路易斯安那州郡。

Text of the Emancipation Proclamation(second part)

A Proclamation.Whereas, on the 22d day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:

1862年9月22日，合眾國總統(tǒng)曾發(fā)出一道宣言，其內(nèi)容如下：

That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free;and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.“1863年元月1日起，凡在當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裆性诜纯购媳妵娜魏我恢葜畠?nèi)，或一州的指明地區(qū)之內(nèi)，為人占有而做奴隸的人們都應(yīng)在那時及以后永遠(yuǎn)獲得自由；合眾國政府行政部門，包括海陸軍當(dāng)局，將承認(rèn)并保障這些人的自由，當(dāng)他們或他們之中的任何人為自己的自由而作任何努力時，不作任何壓制他們的行為。

That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States;and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be, in good faith, represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State, and the people thereof, are not then in rebellion against the United States.政府的行政部門將于上述的元月1日，以公告宣布那些州或那些州的那些地區(qū)的人民當(dāng)時尚在反抗合眾國，如果有的話；在那一天任何一州或其人民以大多數(shù)合法選舉人參加選舉出來的代表參加合眾國國會，同時沒有強(qiáng)有力的反證時，這種事實就是該州及其人民沒有反抗合眾國的確實證據(jù)”。

Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to do publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days, from the day first above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States, the following, to wit:

所以現(xiàn)在我，合眾國總統(tǒng)亞伯拉罕·林肯，以在反抗合眾國政府當(dāng)局的武裝叛變時期被授權(quán)為合眾國海陸軍總司令的職權(quán)，作為一個適當(dāng)?shù)?、必須的?zhàn)略措施以便鎮(zhèn)壓上述叛變，特于1863年元月1日，從上面第一次所說之日起至今足足一百天的期間，根據(jù)這樣的目的公開宣布現(xiàn)在反對合眾國者有如下諸州及某些州的下列地區(qū)及其人民：

Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana(except the Parishes of St.Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St.John, St.Charles, St.James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St.Mary, St.Martin, and Orleans, including the City of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia(except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomack, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts, are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.阿肯色、得克薩斯、路易西安那（除去圣伯爾拿、普拉奎明、哲斐孫、圣約翰、圣查理、圣詹姆士、亞森湘、亞森普欣、得里保恩、拉伐什、圣馬利、圣馬丁以及奧爾良等郡，包括新奧爾良城在內(nèi)）、密西西比、亞拉巴馬、佛羅里達(dá)、喬治亞、南卡羅來納、北卡羅來納和弗吉尼亞（除去西弗吉尼亞四十八個郡以及柏克立、阿康瑪克、諾珊普頓、依利薩伯、約克、安公主、諾?？说瓤ぐㄖZ?？撕蜆愦拿┧箖沙窃趦?nèi)），這些除開的地區(qū)現(xiàn)在仍暫時維持本公告發(fā)出之前的原有狀況。

And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free;and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.為著上述的目的，我利用我的職權(quán)，正式命令并宣告在上述諸州以及某些州的上述地區(qū)以內(nèi)所有作為奴隸的人現(xiàn)在和今后永遠(yuǎn)獲得自由；合眾國政府，包括海陸軍當(dāng)局在內(nèi)，將承認(rèn)并保持上述人們的自由。

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence;and I recommend to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.我現(xiàn)在命令這些被宣布自由的人們，除非是必須的自衛(wèi)，不得有違法行為；我勸告他們，在任何可能的情況下，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)忠實地為合理的工資而勞動。

And I further declare and make known, that such persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.我進(jìn)一步宣告在適當(dāng)條件下，這些人們可參加合眾國的軍事工作，駐守炮臺、陣地、衛(wèi)戍區(qū)域以及其他地區(qū)，以及在各種軍艦上服役。

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.我真誠地相信這個舉動是一個正義的舉動，合于法律的規(guī)定，根據(jù)軍事的需要。我祈求人類的慎重判斷和萬能上帝的恩典。

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.作為證明，我署名于此并加蓋合眾國國璽。

Done at the City of Washington, this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-seventh.于華盛頓，1863年元月1日

合眾國獨立第87周年。

By the President: Abraham Lincoln

亞伯拉罕·林肯

William H.Seward, Secretary of State.威廉·西華德（國務(wù)卿）

歷史背景：南北戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后，相當(dāng)多的黑奴自愿為自身自由而協(xié)助聯(lián)邦作戰(zhàn)，但對如何處理占領(lǐng)地黑奴觀點上仍有所沖突。林肯一開始收回某些將軍自行發(fā)布的解放黑奴命令，而此政策嚴(yán)厲執(zhí)行則造成逃亡黑奴必須回到他們南方主子那兒，但1862年3月13日邦聯(lián)政府禁止所有聯(lián)邦軍指揮官遣返逃亡黑奴，如此影響了《1850年逃亡奴隸法》的廢除。1862年4月11日，國會宣布聯(lián)邦政府將保障釋放黑奴的奴隸主，所有在華盛頓的黑奴于1862年4月16日獲得解放。1862年7月19日國會廢止聯(lián)邦領(lǐng)土上的奴隸制度，如此使美國最高法院于1857年《得福德·史考特訴桑福德案》（Dred Scott v.Sandford）作出的決議失去效力：此決議曾導(dǎo)致國會一度無權(quán)監(jiān)督國土上的黑奴制度。

林肯曾宣稱他自己沒有法律賦予的權(quán)力解放黑奴，此外，解放黑奴是種具有風(fēng)險的政治行為，因為仍有部分畜奴州效忠于聯(lián)邦，且戰(zhàn)爭初始的目的集中在保護(hù)聯(lián)邦的完整而非解放黑奴?；谌绱?，這份宣言當(dāng)時只是份而由林肯自己理解為以三軍統(tǒng)帥的身份所發(fā)表的軍事命令，而非由國會公布具同等地位的法案或法律增修條文。另外有些論點認(rèn)為解放奴隸宣言本身乃違憲，且是種領(lǐng)袖擴(kuò)權(quán)指揮軍隊行動，而非創(chuàng)造新法（可參考《楊斯頓鋼鐵公司總統(tǒng)權(quán)限案》Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co.v.Sawyer, 343 U.S.579(1952)其主張總統(tǒng)無權(quán)以三軍統(tǒng)帥的身份掌控?zé)掍搹S使其為韓戰(zhàn)效力）。解放奴隸宣言也把解放黑奴的同意權(quán)讓渡給聯(lián)邦軍隊（雖然軍隊本身實行種族隔離），這難得的機(jī)會使將近20萬多曾為奴隸的黑人受惠，也讓北方人獲得額外的人力資源而南方人卻直到戰(zhàn)敗前幾天還無法仿效。

林肯第一次與其內(nèi)閣討論宣言是在1862年7月，但考慮到此舉對政治的種種影響（包括對聯(lián)邦內(nèi)的畜奴州），他覺得在發(fā)布前需要場聯(lián)邦軍的勝仗。在安地潭之役，聯(lián)邦軍隊擊退邦聯(lián)對馬里蘭州的進(jìn)犯后，他于1862年9月22日發(fā)布一份準(zhǔn)備宣言，而最終的宣言則于隔年1月發(fā)布。

解放奴隸宣言自身受限于對奴隸制度的立即效用，僅能在聯(lián)邦納入控制下的邦聯(lián)領(lǐng)土上生效，邊界州（德拉瓦州、肯塔基州、馬里蘭州、密蘇里州和西維吉尼亞州）的奴隸制度因其仍效忠聯(lián)邦而絲毫不受影響。國務(wù)卿威廉·西華德（William Seward）曾于評論中談到：“我們表達(dá)對奴隸制度的同情手法是解放那些我們管不著的奴隸以及奴役那些我們能解放的人們?！比魏蚊撾x聯(lián)邦的州只要在宣言生效前重新加入聯(lián)邦（或僅僅送他們的國會議員回華盛頓）便具有等同邊際州的地位，并至少在當(dāng)下能保有奴隸制度（雖然馬里蘭州、密蘇里州和西維吉尼亞州早在 1865年美國法律第13號修正案批準(zhǔn)解除全國奴隸制度的合法性以前，便透過內(nèi)部政治運作逐步廢除奴隸制度）。

第四篇：[英中對照] 林肯：解放黑奴宣言

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收錄于2009-10-05 閱讀數(shù)：公眾公開 原文來源

tags： 林肯 黑奴 美國

林肯：解放黑奴宣言

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:

By the President of the United States of America:

1862年9月22日，一個瘦弱而偉大的總統(tǒng)用顫抖的雙手簽署了這份宣言，他知道雖然該宣言會激起奴隸主們的反抗，可能會造成國家南北的分裂。但為了結(jié)束一個資本主義與奴隸制并存的畸形社會，他用顫抖的雙手簽了，雖然此后他的擔(dān)心成真了，而且自己還被同情奴隸制的蒲斯刺殺了。但統(tǒng)一后的美利堅合眾國在通往現(xiàn)代化的道路上一路狂飆，創(chuàng)造了無數(shù)現(xiàn)代文明，引領(lǐng)了整個20世紀(jì)。這個丑陋而羸弱的總統(tǒng)也成就了美國歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)。

THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:

By the President of the United States of America:

A PROCLAMATION

Whereas on the 22nd day of September, A.D.1862, a proclamation wasissued by the President of the United States, containing, amongother things, the following, to wit:

“That on the 1st day of January, A.D.1863, all persons held asslaves within any State or designated part of a State the peoplewhereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shallbe then, thenceforward, and forever free;and the executive

government of the United States, including the military and navalauthority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of suchpersons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or anyof them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.”That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, byproclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, inwhich the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellionagainst the United States;and the fact that any State or the peoplethereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the

Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at electionswherein a majority of the qualified voters of such States shall haveparticipated shall, in the absence of strong countervailing

testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and thepeople thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States."

Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States,by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of theArmy and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellionagainst the authority and government of the United States, and as afit and necessary war measure for supressing said rebellion, do, onthis 1st day of January, A.D.1863, and in accordance with mypurpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of onehundred days from the first day above mentioned, order and designateas the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof,respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United Statesthe following, to wit:

Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana(except the parishes of St.Bernard,Palquemines, Jefferson, St.John, St.Charles, St.James, Ascension,Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St.Mary, St.Martin, and Orleans,including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida,Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia(except theforty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the

counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Morthhampton, Elizabeth City, York,Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk andPortsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present leftprecisely as if this proclamation were not issued.And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do orderand declare that all persons held as slaves within said designatedStates and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free;andthat the Executive Government of the United States, including themilitary and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintainthe freedom of said persons.And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to

abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence;and Irecommend to them that, in all case when allowed, they laborfaithfully for reasonable wages.And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitablecondition will be received into the armed service of the United

States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, andto man vessels of all sorts in said service.And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice,warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke theconsiderate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of AlmightyGod.------

On Jan.1, 1863, U.S.President Abraham Lincoln declared free allslaves residing in territory in rebellion against the federalgovernment.This Emancipation Proclamation actually freed few

people.It did not apply to slaves in border states fighting on theUnion side;nor did it affect slaves in southern areas already underUnion control.Naturally, the states in rebellion did not act onLincoln's order.But the proclamation did show Americans--and theworld--that the civil war was now being fought to end slavery.Lincoln had been reluctant to come to this position.A believer inwhite supremacy, he initially viewed the war only in terms of

preserving the Union.As pressure for abolition mounted in Congressand the country, however, Lincoln became more sympathetic to theidea.On Sept.22, 1862, he issued a preliminary proclamation

announcing that emancipation would become effective on Jan.1, 1863,in those states still in rebellion.Although the EmancipationProclamation did not end slavery in America--this was achieved bythe passage of the 13TH Amendment to the Constitution on Dec.18,1865--it did make that accomplishment a basic war goal and a virtualcertainty.DOUGLAS T.MILLER

Bibliography: Commager, Henry Steele, The Great Proclamation

(1960);Donovan, Frank, Mr.Lincoln's Proclamation(1964);

Franklin, John Hope, ed., The Emancipation Proclamation(1964).1862年9月22日，合眾國總統(tǒng)曾發(fā)出一道宣言，其內(nèi)容如下：

“1863年元月1日起，凡在當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裆性诜纯购媳妵娜魏我恢葜畠?nèi)，或一州的指明地區(qū)之內(nèi)，為人占有而做奴隸的人們都應(yīng)在那時及以后永遠(yuǎn)獲得自由；公眾國政府行政部門，包括海陸軍當(dāng)局，將承認(rèn)并保障這些人的自由，當(dāng)他們或他們之中的任何人為自己的自由而作任何努力時，不作任何壓制他們的行為。

政府的行政部門將于上述的元月1日，以公告宣布那些州或那些州的那些地區(qū)的人民當(dāng)時尚在反抗合眾國，如果有的話；在那一天任何一州或其人民以大多數(shù)合法選舉人參加選舉出來的代表參加合眾國國會，同時沒有強(qiáng)有力的反證時，這種事實就是該州及其人民沒有反抗合眾國的確實證據(jù)”。

所以現(xiàn)在我，合眾國總統(tǒng)阿伯拉罕·林肯，以在反抗合眾國政府當(dāng)局的武裝叛變時期被授權(quán)為合眾國海陸軍總司令的職權(quán)，作為一個適當(dāng)?shù)摹⒈仨毜膽?zhàn)略措施以便鎮(zhèn)壓上述叛變，特于1863年元月1日，從上面第一次所說之日起至今足足一百天的期間，根據(jù)這樣的目的公開宣布現(xiàn)在反對合眾國者有如下諸州及某些州的下列地區(qū)及其人民：

阿肯色、得克薩斯、路易西安那（除去圣伯爾拿、普拉奎明、哲斐孫、圣約翰、圣查理、圣詹姆士、亞森湘、亞森普欣、得里保恩、拉伐什、圣馬利、圣馬丁以及奧爾良等郡，包括新奧爾良城在內(nèi)）、密西西比、阿拉巴馬、弗羅里達(dá)、喬治亞、南卡羅來納、北卡羅來納和佛吉尼亞（除去西佛吉尼亞四十八個郡以及柏克立、阿康瑪克、諾珊普頓、依利薩伯、約克、安公主、諾福克等郡包括諾?？撕蜆愦拿┧箖沙窃趦?nèi)），這些除開的地區(qū)現(xiàn)在仍暫時維持本公告發(fā)出之前的原有狀況。

為著上述的目的，我利用我的職權(quán)，正式命令并宣告在上述諸州以及某些州的上述地區(qū)以內(nèi)所有作為奴錄的人現(xiàn)在和今后永遠(yuǎn)獲得自由；合眾國政府，包括海陸軍當(dāng)局在內(nèi)，將承認(rèn)并保持上述人們的自由。

我現(xiàn)在命令這些被宣布自由的人們，除非是必須的自衛(wèi)，不得有違法行為；我勸告他們，在任何可能的情況下，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)忠實地為合理的工資而勞動。

我進(jìn)一步宣告在適當(dāng)條件下，這些人們可參加合眾國的軍事工作，駐守炮臺、陳地、衛(wèi)戍區(qū)域以及其他地區(qū)，以及在各種軍艦上服役。

我真誠地相信這個舉動是一個正義的舉動，合于憲法的規(guī)定，根據(jù)軍事的需要。我祈求人類的慎重判斷和萬能上帝的恩典。

作為證明，我署名于此并加蓋合眾國國璽。

于華盛頓，1863年元月1日

合眾國獨立第87周年。

阿伯拉罕·林肯

威廉·西華德（國務(wù)卿）

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第五篇：葛底斯堡演講林肯中英文對照

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle-field of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate--we can not consecrate--we can not hallow--this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.87年前，我們的先輩在這個大陸上創(chuàng)建了一個新的國家。她孕育于自由之中，奉行人人生來平等的信條。

現(xiàn)在我們正進(jìn)行一場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，以考驗這個國家，或者任何一個孕育于自由和奉行人人生來平等信條的國家是否能夠長久堅持下去。我們相聚在這場戰(zhàn)爭的一個偉大戰(zhàn)場上，我們來到這里把這戰(zhàn)場的一部分奉獻(xiàn)給那些為國家生存而捐軀的人們，作為他們最后的安息之所。我們這樣做是完全適合的、恰當(dāng)?shù)摹５?，從更高的意義上說，我們是不能奉獻(xiàn)，不能圣化，也不能神化這片土地的，因為那些曾經(jīng)在這里戰(zhàn)斗過的人們，活著的和死去的人們，已經(jīng)圣化了這片土地，他們所做的遠(yuǎn)非我們的微薄之力所能揚抑。這個世界不大會注意也不會長久記得我們今天在這里所說的話，但是，它永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記勇士們在這里所做的事。

毋寧說，我們活著的人，應(yīng)該獻(xiàn)身于留在我們面前的偉大任務(wù)：從這些光榮的死者身上汲取更多的獻(xiàn)身精神，以完成他們精誠所至的事業(yè)；我們在此下定最大的決心，以不讓死者白白犧牲；讓這個國家在上帝的保佑下獲得自由的新生；讓這個民有、民治、民享的政府與世長存。