第一篇：中國(guó)八大菜系英文版演講PPT稿

Eight Famous Chinese Cuisines Introduction Hello everyone, recently, I have been looking for an interesting topic to do the presentation.but I haven’t any idea, then I noticed a famous documentary—a bite of China, so I found my theme—Chinese food.China covers a large territory and has many nationalities.so, a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouth-watering flavor.Since China’s local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around.Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine.Now we are look this following Chinese cuisines.1.Shandong Cuisine No.1, famous Chinese cuisines is Shandong Cuisine.Consisting of Jinan(濟(jì)南)cuisine and Jiaodong（膠東）cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy（油膩的）, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness（脆的）and tenderness（嫩的）.Shallot（大蔥）and garlic（蒜）are usually used as seasonings so Shandong dishes tastes pungent（刺激性的）usually.Soups are given much emphasis in Shandong dishes.Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong.Jinan（濟(jì)南）cuisine is usually use deep-frying油炸, grilling(炙烤), frying and stir-frying(油鍋煎)while Jiaodong division（地區(qū)）is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste.Shandong is the birthplace of many famous ancient scholars such as Confucius and Mencius.And much of Shandong cuisine’s history is as old as Confucius himself, making it the oldest existing major cuisine in China.山東是許多著名學(xué)者的故鄉(xiāng)，例如孔夫子和孟子。許多山東菜的歷史和孔夫子一樣悠久，使得山東菜系成為中國(guó)現(xiàn)存的最古老的主要菜系之一。

It Originates from Confucius family banquet（宴會(huì)）, then adopted by imperial kitchen（御膳房）.Lu(魯)cuisine has great influence in north of China and it has become the representative of North China cuisines.Specializes in seafood like prawns（對(duì)蝦）, sea cucumber（海參）, flounder（比目魚(yú)）and so on.2.Sichuan Cuisine No.2, famous Chinese cuisines is Sichuan Cuisine.Sichuan Cuisine, known often in the West, is one of the most famous Chinese cuisines in the world.Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan cuisine, prolific of tastes口感豐厚, emphasizes on the use of chili(紅辣椒).Pepper（胡椒）and prickly ash（花椒粉）producing typical exciting tastes.Besides, garlic（蒜）, ginger（姜）and fermented soybean（豆豉）are also used in the cooking process.Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen as ingredients（原料）, while frying, frying without oil, pickling and braising are applied as basic cooking techniques.It cannot be said that one who does not experience Sichuan food ever reaches China.If you eat Sichuan cuisine and find it too bland, then you are probably not eating authentic Sichuan cuisine.Chili peppers and prickly ash are used in many dishes, giving it a distinctively spicy taste, called ma in Chinese.It often leaves a slight numb(麻木)sensation in the mouth.However, most peppers were brought to China from the Americas in the 18th century so you can thank global trade for much of Sichuan cuisine’s excellence.Sichuan hot pots are perhaps the most famous hotpots in the world, most notably the Yuan Yang（mandarin duck）Hotpot half spicy and half clear.3.Guangdong Cuisine No.3，famous Chinese cuisines is Guangdong Cuisine.Cantonese food originates from Guangdong, the southern province in China.The majority of overseas Chinese people are from Guangdong，so Cantonese is perhaps the most widely available Chinese regional cuisine outside of China.Cantonese are known to have an adventurous palate（味覺(jué)）, able to eat many different kinds of meats and vegetables.In fact, people in Northern China often say that Cantonese people will eat anything that flies except airplanes, anything that moves on the ground except trains, and anything that moves in the water except boats.This statement is far from the truth, but Cantonese food is really one of the most diverse（多種多樣的）and richest cuisines in China.Many vegetables originate from other parts of the world.It doesn’t use much spice調(diào)料, bringing out the natural flavor of the vegetables and meats.There are Guangdong famous soup , Dragon and tiger & Dragon and Phoenix.The name is very nice, but the ingredients is a little of fear, Because it actually is Old cat stew snake and Old chicken stew snake.Tasting clear, light, crisp and fresh, Guangdong cuisine, familiar to Westerners, usually chooses raptors（猛禽）and beasts（走獸）to produce originative（創(chuàng)意菜）dishes.Its basic cooking techniques include roasting, stir-frying, deep-frying, braising, stewing and steaming.Among them steaming and stir-frying are more commonly（普遍地）applied to preserve（保留）the natural flavor.Guangdong cooker also pay much attention to the artistic presentation（藝術(shù)的外觀）of dishes.Roasted Crispy Suckling Pig is the most famous specialty of Cantonese food.it is crispy skin with bright red color.The meat is fresh, tender and delicious.When you have this dish, if you dip some sweet soy bean paste ,it will taste better.4.Jiangsu Cuisine No.4, famous Chinese cuisines is Jiangsu Cuisine.Jiangsu Cuisine, also called Huaiyang Cuisine, is popular in the lower reach of the Yangtze River.Fish as the main ingredients, it stresses the freshness of materials.Its carving techniques are delicate, of which the melon carving technique is especially well known.Cooking techniques consist of stewing, braising, roasting, simmering, etc.The flavor of Huaiyang Cuisine is light, fresh and sweet and with delicate elegance.Jiangsu cuisine is well known for its careful selection of ingredients, its meticulous(重視細(xì)節(jié)的)preparation（配菜）methodology（方法）, and it is not-too-spicy, not-too-bland taste.Since the seasons vary in climate considerably in Jiangsu, the cuisine also varies throughout the year.If the flavor is strong, it isn’t too heavy;if light, not too bland.5.Fujian Cuisine No.4, famous Chinese cuisines is Fujian Cuisine.Consisting of Fuzhou Cuisine, Quanzhou（泉州）Cuisine and Xiamen（廈門(mén)）Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine is distinguished for its choice seafood, beautiful color and magic taste of sweet, sour, salty and savory(好吃的).The most distinct features are their “pickled taste”.6.Zhejiang Cuisine No.6，famous Chinese cuisines is Zhejiang Cuisine.Involve local cuisines of Hangzhou（杭州）, Ningbo（寧波）and Shaoxing（紹興）, Zhejiang((浙江)Cuisine, not greasy, wins its reputation for freshness, tenderness, softness, smoothness of its dishes with mellow fragrance.Hangzhou Cuisine is the most famous one among the three.7.Hunan cuisine

No.7，famous Chinese cuisines is Hunan cuisine.Hunan cuisine consists of local Cuisines of Xiangjiang Region（地區(qū)）, Dongting(洞庭)Lake and Xiangxi（湘西）.It characterizes itself by thick and pungent flavor.Chili, pepper and shallot are usually necessaries in this division.8.Anhui Cuisine No.8，famous Chinese cuisines is Anhui Cuisine.Anhui Cuisine chefs focus much more attention on the temperature in cooking and are good at braising and stewing.Often hams will be added to improve taste and sugar candy added to gain

第二篇：英文PPT演講

PPT英文presentation最實(shí)用的表達(dá) 開(kāi)場(chǎng)白

正式場(chǎng)合做Presentation，可能需要一些隆重點(diǎn)的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白。

Ladies and gentleman, It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.(女士們先生們，我感到很榮幸有機(jī)會(huì)在這么多杰出的觀眾面前發(fā)言。)Good morning, everyone.I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today.I am here to talk to you about…

I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation…

如果是輕松場(chǎng)合，則可以隨意一些。

Hello again everybody.Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.（大家好。謝謝大家今天抽出時(shí)間來(lái)這里。）I’m glad you could all get here… 概述

簡(jiǎn)單介紹以下你的展示，包括主要內(nèi)容、展示時(shí)長(zhǎng)和你準(zhǔn)備如何回答問(wèn)題。主題

The subject of my presentation is… I shall be speaking today about… My presentation concerns… Today’s topic is…

Today we are here to give a presentation on… 發(fā)言長(zhǎng)度

During the next ten minutes, I shall…

My presentation will last for about ten minutes… I won’t take up more than ten minutes of your time… I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief.I have a lot to cram in the next ten minutes , so I’d better make a start… 概要

My presentation is in three parts.My presentation is divided into three main sections.Firstly , secondly, finally…

I’m going to take a look at/talk about/examine/concentrate on/limit myself to the question of…

Tell you something about the background… Give you some facts and figures… Fill you in on the history of… 歡迎提問(wèn)

Please feel free to interrupt me if you have questions.There will be time for question at the end of the presentation.I’d be grateful of you could ask your questions after the presentation.主體部分 演講過(guò)程中，時(shí)不時(shí)提醒觀眾你所講的內(nèi)容和他們的利益和興趣密切相關(guān)。

As I said at the beginning…

This , of course, will help you(to attracted the 20% increase)As you remember ,we are concerned with… This tie in with my original statement…

This relates directly to the question I put to you before… 確保觀眾跟上你的思路 I’d now like to move on to…（現(xiàn)在我要說(shuō)下一個(gè)）I’d like to turn to…

That’s all I have to say about… Now I’d like to look at… This leads me to my next point…

We all ought to be aware of the following points.引導(dǎo)觀眾看PPT。

你精心制作的的PPT上的圖表，當(dāng)然要好好介紹給觀眾： This graph shows you… Take a look at this… If look at this , you’ll see… I’d like you to look at this… This chart illustrates the figures… This graph gives you a breakdown of（這以圖表詳細(xì)解釋了……）

給你的觀眾充分的時(shí)間來(lái)理解這些圖表，稍作停頓，然后再解釋為什么這些圖表很重要。你可以使用以下表達(dá)： As you can see… This clearly shows…

From this, we can understand how /why … This area of the chart is interesting….總結(jié)

展示的最后，做一個(gè)總結(jié)，并且重復(fù)一下要點(diǎn)。

That brings me to the end of my presentation.I’ve talked about… Well, that’s about it for now.we’ve covered… So, that was our marketing strategy.In brief, we… To summarize, I …

That concludes our presentation…

I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here.將展示的總結(jié)詞與開(kāi)場(chǎng)白相聯(lián)系。

So I hope that you’re a little clearer on how we can achieve sales growth of 20%.To return to the original question, we can achieve …

So just to round the talk off, I want to go back to the beginning when I asked you… I hope I’ve managed to give you a clearer picture of …

I hope that my presentation today will help you with what I said at the beginning… 挑戰(zhàn)觀眾提問(wèn)

感謝大家，并邀請(qǐng)他們提問(wèn)。

You have been a very attentive audience.Thank you.Thank you for listening-and if there’re any questions, I would be pleased to answer them.Thank you for your attention, I’d be glad to answer any questions you might have.重述一下問(wèn)題是個(gè)聰明的辦法啊，可以確保你是否了解問(wèn)題，同時(shí)，給自己一些時(shí)間來(lái)思考。

Thank you.So you would like to further clarification on our strategy.That’s an interesting question.How are we going to get voluntary redundancy.（我們?nèi)绾尾拍茏寙T工自愿離職）Thank you for asking.What’s our plan for next year? 回答完畢后，確認(rèn)提問(wèn)者是否滿(mǎn)意。Does this answer your question? I hope this explains the situation for you.I hope this was what you wanted to hear.如果你不知道如何作答，就說(shuō)不知道。

That’s an interesting question.I don’t actually know off top of my head, but I’ll try to get back to you later with an answer.這是一個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題，我一時(shí)還不知道如何答案，但我之后會(huì)盡量找到答案回復(fù)你的。

I’m afraid I’m unable to answer that at the moment.Perhaps I can get back to you later.That’s a very good question.However, we don’t have any figures on that, so I can’t give you an accurate answer.Unfortunately, I’m not the best person to answer that.遇到各種狀況 觀眾沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂。

重新表述一下你剛剛說(shuō)的話(huà)。Let me just say that in other way.Perhaps I can rephrase that.Put it in another way, this means… 用聲音來(lái)表現(xiàn)

聲音不可太單調(diào)，觀眾會(huì)厭倦。語(yǔ)速也不可過(guò)快，觀眾會(huì)走神。通過(guò)速度和語(yǔ)氣的變化，有助于抓住觀眾的注意力。強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)，在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤酵ｎD。

The first strategy involves getting to know our market(pause)and finding out what they want.(pause)customer surveys(pause)as well as staff training(pause)will help us do this.

第三篇：英文演講PPT

why you will fail [fel] to have a great career [k?r??(r)]你為什么不會(huì)成就偉業(yè) 中英對(duì)照演講稿： i want to discuss with you this morning why youre going to fail to have a great career.(laughter)今天上午我想和你們討論一下，你為什么不會(huì)成就偉業(yè)。（笑聲）i know some of you have already decided you want a good career.youre going to fail(laughter).those trying to have good careers are going to fail, because, really, good jobs are now disappearing.there are great jobs and great careers, and then there are the high-workload, high-stress, bloodsucking[bl?ds?k??], soul-destroying [d??str??] kinds of jobs, and almost nothing in between.我知道你們有些人已經(jīng)決定了，你們想要一個(gè)成功的事業(yè)。你們也會(huì)失敗的－（笑聲）－。（笑聲）想事業(yè)有成的人會(huì)失敗，因?yàn)椋娴?，現(xiàn)在好工作都在消失。有好工作，和好事業(yè)，也有工作量大，壓力大，吸食血液，侵蝕靈魂的那種工作，而且?guī)缀鯖](méi)有工作能好點(diǎn)的。so the people looking for good jobs are going to fail.im going to talk about those looking for great jobs, great careers, and why youre going to, why youre going to fail.first reason is that no matter how many times people tell you, if you want a great career, you have to pursue [p?sju:] your passion [?p???n], you have to pursue your dreams, you have to pursue, the greatest fascination [?f?s??ne??n] in your life, you hear it again and again and then you decide not to do it.所以想找好工作的人會(huì)失敗。我談?wù)勀切ふ覀I(yè)的人，你們?yōu)槭裁匆獙ふ?，為什么?huì)失敗。第一個(gè)原因是不管多少次別人告訴你，“如果你想成就偉業(yè)，你就必須追隨你的熱忱，你必須追隨你的夢(mèng)想，你必須追隨，你人生中最大的吸引，“ 你聽(tīng)過(guò)這句話(huà)一遍又一遍，然后你決定，不去這樣做。im not quite sure why you decide not to do it.youre too lazy to do it.its too hard.youre afraid if you look for your passion and dont find it, youll feel like youre an idiot [??di?t], so then you make excuses [?k?skjuz] about why youre not going to look for your passion.and they are excuses, boys and girls.were going to go through a whole long list, your creativity, and thinking of excuses not to do what you really need to do if you want to have a great career.我不太確定你為什么決定不去做。你太懶了。這事太難。你害怕如果你去尋找夢(mèng)想然后找不到，你會(huì)覺(jué)得你像個(gè)白癡，所以你給自己找借口，為什么你不去追尋你的夢(mèng)想。這些都是借口，女士們先生們。我們要列一個(gè)長(zhǎng)單子，你的創(chuàng)造力，想想你不去做成就偉業(yè)該做的事情的借口。so, for example, one of your great excuses is, well, great careers are really and truly, for most people, just a matter of luck, so im going to stand around, im going to try to be lucky, and if im lucky, ill have a great career.if not, ill have a good career.but a good career is an impossibility, so thats not going to work.所以，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，你眾多借口之一是，“嗯，偉業(yè)實(shí)際上對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，只是運(yùn)氣問(wèn)題，所以我就在這待著，我就試試做那個(gè)幸運(yùn)的人，然后如果我真幸運(yùn)的話(huà)，我就能成就偉業(yè)。如果不能，我就找個(gè)還不錯(cuò)的事業(yè)。”，但是沒(méi)有還不錯(cuò)的事業(yè)，所以這個(gè)行不通。then, your other excuse is, yes, there are special people who pursue their passions, but they are talent.im not a talent.when i was five, i thought i was a talent, but my 然后，你還有其他借口：“是的，有那些與眾不同的人，追尋自己的夢(mèng)想，但是他們是天才。我不是天才。我五歲的時(shí)候以為自己是天才，但是我的教授們?cè)缇桶堰@個(gè)念頭，打消了。或者“ 現(xiàn)在你看，如果這是在1950年，完全有能力，就能讓你成就偉業(yè)。但是你知道么？現(xiàn)在幾乎是2013年了。i have an interest!i have an interest!you tell me.i say, thats wonderful!and what, what are you trying to tell me? it is not passion.passion is your greatest love.passion is the thing that will help you create the highest expression of your talent.passion, interest--its not the same thing.are you really going to go to your partner and say, marry me!youre interesting.and if that, you will die alone.(laughter)我有個(gè)興趣！我有個(gè)興趣！你告訴我。“我說(shuō)，”太好了！“ 你想告訴我什么呢？那不是熱枕。熱忱是你最高程度的熱愛(ài)。熱忱是能幫助你最好地成就自己才華，的事情。熱忱，興趣－不是一回事。你真的會(huì)去找你的甜心然后說(shuō)，“嫁給我吧！你很有意思?！埃ㄐβ暎┎粫?huì)發(fā)生的。不會(huì)發(fā)生，然后你會(huì)孤獨(dú)終老。（笑聲）what you want is passion.it is beyond interest.you need 20 interests, and then one of them, one of them might be passion.你想要的是熱忱。它超越興趣。你需要20個(gè)興趣，然后它們其中一個(gè)是你的熱忱。but then, there are some of you, in spite of all these excuses, you will find, you will find your passion, and youll still fail.但是，你們當(dāng)中有些人，拋開(kāi)這些借口，你們會(huì)找到，你們會(huì)找到自己的熱忱，然后你們還是失敗了。你會(huì)失敗，因?yàn)?，因?yàn)槟悴粫?huì)著手去做，因?yàn)槟銜?huì)想出新的借口，任何讓你只說(shuō)不做的借口，而且這個(gè)借口，我已經(jīng)聽(tīng)過(guò)很多次了?！笆堑模視?huì)追求一番偉業(yè)，但是相比成就，我更看重人與人之間的關(guān)系。我想做一個(gè)好朋友。我想做一個(gè)好伴侶。我想做一個(gè)好父母，而且我不會(huì)為了，偉大的成就而犧牲這些?！? 你知道有一天會(huì)發(fā)生什么？ 你的孩子有一天會(huì)跟你說(shuō)，“我知道我想做什么。我知道我想怎么度過(guò)一生。”，你特別高興。這種對(duì)話(huà)父母最?lèi)?ài)聽(tīng)了，而且你知道你會(huì)愛(ài)聽(tīng)你孩子接下來(lái)的話(huà)。你孩子說(shuō)，“我決定了，我想做個(gè)魔術(shù)師。我想在舞臺(tái)上表演魔術(shù)?！?，（笑聲）

and what do you say? umm...thats risky, kid.might fail.cant make a lot of money at that.you know , you should think about that again , why not —

然后你說(shuō)什么？ 你說(shuō)，你說(shuō)，“嗯...那樣比較不保險(xiǎn)，孩子。有可能會(huì)失敗，孩子。掙不了大錢(qián)，孩子。你知道的，我不知道，孩子，你應(yīng)該再想想，孩子，為什么不－“ and the kid interrupts you, and says, but it is my dream.it is my dream to do this.and what are you going to say? like this look kid.i had a dream once, too, but--but.so how are you going to finish the sentence with your but?...but i was afraid to pursue it.or, are you going to tell him this? i had a dream once, kid.but then you were born.(laughter)然后你孩子打斷你，說(shuō)，”但是那是我的夢(mèng)想。我夢(mèng)想就是成為魔術(shù)師?！?然后你要說(shuō)什么？ 像這樣”你看，孩子，我過(guò)去也有過(guò)夢(mèng)想。但是－但是?！?所以你想怎么用”但是“結(jié)束你的句子？ ”...但是我沒(méi)敢去追隨。“ 還是，你想告訴他這個(gè)？ ”我過(guò)去有夢(mèng)想，孩子。但是之后你出生了?！埃ㄐβ暎ヾo you, do you really want to use your family, do you really ever want to look at your spouse and your kid and see your jailers [?d?e?l?(r)]? there was something you could have said to your kid when he or she said, i have a dream.you could have said, looked the kid in the face, and said, go for it, kid, just like i did.but you wont be able to say that because you didnt.so you cant.(laughter)你真的，真的想利用你的家庭，你真的想把你的伴侶，和你的孩子當(dāng)成獄卒嗎？ 你其實(shí)可以這么跟你孩子講。當(dāng)他／她說(shuō)“我有個(gè)夢(mèng)想”的時(shí)候，你可以說(shuō)，面對(duì)你的孩子，說(shuō)，“去追隨它吧，孩子，就像我那樣。但是你沒(méi)法那么說(shuō)，因?yàn)槟銢](méi)去追隨夢(mèng)想。所以你不能那么說(shuō)。（笑聲）youre afraid to pursue your passion.youre afraid to look ridiculous [r??d?kj?l?s].youre afraid to try.youre afraid you may fail.great friend, great spouse, great parent, great career.is that not a package? how can you be one without the other? but youre afraid.你不敢去追求夢(mèng)想。你害怕自己看起來(lái)像個(gè)瘋子。你不敢去嘗試。你害怕失敗。好朋友，好伴侶，好父母，偉業(yè)。不是打包在一起的嗎？你怎么能符合其中一個(gè)卻不符合另一個(gè)？ 但是你害怕。and thats why youre not going to have a great career, unless--unless, that most evocative [??vɑk?t?v] of all english words--unless.but the unless word is also attached [??t?t?t] to that other, most terrifying [ter?fa??] phrase [fre?z], if only i had...if only i had...if you ever have that thought over and over again in your brain, it will hurt a lot.這就是為什么你不會(huì)成就偉業(yè)，除非－，除非，最引人回憶的詞－，除非。但是除非這個(gè)詞和另外一個(gè)，最可怕的短語(yǔ)是連著的，”如果我當(dāng)初...“ ”如果我當(dāng)初...“ 如果你曾經(jīng)有過(guò)這個(gè)想法在你腦海里回旋，它會(huì)特別傷人。so, those are the many reasons why you are going to fail to have a great career, unless...所以，這些就是，你為什么不能成就偉業(yè)，的眾多原因。除非...，unless.除非。

thank you.(applause)謝謝。（掌聲），篇二：英文ppt演講稿

英文ppt演講稿

1.today, my topic is about a tv series.2.its name is my chief, my regiment.3.the tv drama is based on the award-winning novel by lan xiaolong, which shares the same title.4.lan focuses on a less-well known part of chinese military history, during the war of resistance against japanese aggression in 1942.5.in that year, 100,000 strong soldiers were sent to myanmar to support british allied force operation.6.we call them chinese expeditionary force.7.one of their aims was to protect the yunnan-myanmar road.its also called burma road.8.the road was very important as it served as a war supply route to china, after china’s ports fell under japanese.9.the chinese troops won several key battles, but later had to make a strategic withdrawal.10.of the 100,000 soldiers to fight, only around 40,000 returned home.12.my chief, my regiment is described as tough but with tender hearts.13.it would be easy to say that the drama is popular because of the action and fighting it includes, but this is only part of the story.15.it helps create an authentic atmosphere of that time and can serve as a memory and tribute to everyone who has died in war.17.if stars could only been seen at one night in thousands of years, men would believe in paradise.18.we never lose the hope, not only in a war time, but in a peace time.thats the point.19.at the end ,lets share a short film about it.(放短片)20.if you have a calm mind some time,you can saver the taste of the series,and will have a deep thought of yourself, the nation and country.thank you.篇三：英語(yǔ)演講ppt范例 ladies and gentlemen.good afternoon!i’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech.my topic today is global warming.at present, humans face a serious challenge.that is global warming.increasing global temperatures are causing a broad range of changes in the world.sea levels are rising due to the melting of land ice.as you can see, global warming is a very serious threat to our lives，so it is important to learn more about it.studies have shown that human activity of this century has increased the concentrations of atmospheric exraust, which in turn has elevated global surface temperatures by blocking the escape of thermal infrared radiation.natural climate variations are masking this temperature increase, but further additions of exraust during the next 65 years could double or even quadruple the present effects, causing the global average temperature to rise by at least 1 °c and possibly by more than 5 °c.if the rise continues into the twenty-second century, the global average temperature may reach higher values than have occurred in the past 10 million years.however, assessment of ongoing and future climate change requires long-term global monitoring of aerosol properties.so there is a need and opportunity for global cooperation in technology development.only by doing so that we can better live in this planet.thank you!篇四：英語(yǔ)翻譯ppt及演講稿 good morning, everyone!（第一頁(yè)ppt）i’m honored to be here to make a presentation about translation, together with my partners: 楊英坤 and 袁銀梅.（第五頁(yè)）after a brief introduction, let’s get back to our text book and focus on some details.today, we’re going to learn the following 8 units : i will introduce the first one and leave the rest to my partners.（第六頁(yè)）the first unit is about word translation method，it includes 3 parts ：choice of word extension of word conversion of word.（第七頁(yè)）firstly we can discuss choice of word the first point : according to the word category we can choose and determine the meaning let`s see the following 2 examples，the first sentence: in general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined.this sentence means一般來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)所要測(cè)定的特征能夠精確界定時(shí)，測(cè)試效果最佳 the predicate verb and tests is the subject so work should be translated into “有效的，起作用的

（第八頁(yè)）the 2 sentence : in this sentence the definite article modifies work ,so work is noun considering piece together matches work,and work cant be together, we can define work as 工作成果

（第九頁(yè)）the second point ：determine the word meaning based on the collocation english and chinese languages have their respective collocation relations.the same word for different idioms, expresses different ideas.so ,in english chinese translation, we should deal with english idioms or collocation by chinese collocation.,and then determine the correct translation for example this word hot.it has various meaning.but in particular collocation the word meaning is very clear（第十頁(yè)）extension of word we directly analyze the following two examples the first example :elegant systems should be translated into 完美的體系，not 優(yōu)雅的體系，this point belongs to “replace the word meaning” in a sentence some words from dictionary meaning can make the translation obscure, ambiguous, or even misleading.therefore we need logic context relationships to determine the word meaning the second example:in this sentence offend means 排污超標(biāo) this point belongs to specify the word meaning according to chinese habit, the original meaning of the general and abstract words, express more clear and specific（第十一頁(yè)）finally we analyze conversation of word。the first point ：nouns or prepositions are translated into verb there are 2 examples：the first： in this sentence application is noun，but it should be translated into verb，means“用來(lái)” the second ：

the second point：adjective and verb are translated into nouns there are also 2 examples：the first ：篇五：英語(yǔ)演講ppt模板 learning to speak english is an art ladies and gentlemen: i thank you for being here.i’m going to get straight to the point.all traditional learning methods are futile.most college graduates still can’t speak fluent english.this proves english students aren’t learning.some people seem to speak english well.children think these people speak great english because they don’t know the difference.americans think these people speak great english because they are non-native english speakers anyway.各位女士，各位先生：

感謝大家來(lái)到這里。我要直接講重點(diǎn)。所有傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法都沒(méi)有用。大部分大學(xué)畢業(yè)生仍然無(wú)法說(shuō)出流利的英語(yǔ)。這證明學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，學(xué)了等于沒(méi)學(xué)，學(xué)了沒(méi)用。有些人英語(yǔ)好像說(shuō)得很好。中國(guó)人認(rèn)為這些人很會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)樗麄兟?tīng)不出好壞。美國(guó)人認(rèn)為這些人很會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)反正不是他們的母語(yǔ)。don’t think you can learn english by hanging around americans.don’t think you can master english by going abroad.why? because what you learn is vague and limited.you pick up a little here today.you pick up a little there tomorrow.you end up saying almost the same thing every day.english is like an ocean.there is no limit to what you can learn.you cannot learn aimlessly.不要以為和美國(guó)人在一起就可以學(xué)到英語(yǔ)。不要以為出國(guó)，就可以把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好。為什么呢？因?yàn)槟闼鶎W(xué)的都是模糊和有限的。今天你在這里學(xué)一點(diǎn)。明天你在那里學(xué)一點(diǎn)。最后你每天老是說(shuō)那幾句同樣的話(huà)。英語(yǔ)像一片汪洋大海。你可以學(xué)的范圍無(wú)限大。你漫無(wú)目的地學(xué)習(xí)。you should learn to speak first.make speaking english your number one priority.once you start to speak, the rest will be easy.learning to speak english is not a big deal.it’s not that difficult.it’s no more than a speaking technique.it’s just like children learning to speak.they mimic their mothers’ voices.when they’re alone, they speak to themselves.你應(yīng)該先學(xué)說(shuō)。將說(shuō)英語(yǔ)列為你的第一個(gè)優(yōu)先考慮的事。一旦你開(kāi)始說(shuō)，其他剩下的就容易了。學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)不是什么了不起的事。沒(méi)有那么困難。只不過(guò)是一種說(shuō)話(huà)的技巧而已。這就像小孩子說(shuō)話(huà)一樣。他們模仿媽媽的聲音。當(dāng)他們獨(dú)處時(shí)，他們會(huì)自言自語(yǔ)。we started off the wrong way right from the beginning.we don’t need to analyze sentences.children don’t need to learn how to write.they don’t need to learn k.k.phonetics.they don’t even need to learn the abcs before they can speak english.all you have to do is listen to the cd and follow it.learn through intense repetition.speak to yourself from dawn to dusk.我們從一開(kāi)始方法就錯(cuò)了。我們不需要學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法。我們不需要分析句子。小孩子不必學(xué)怎么寫(xiě)。他們不必學(xué)kk音標(biāo)。在他們會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)之前，他們甚至不必學(xué)abc。你只要聽(tīng)cd，然后跟著念。經(jīng)過(guò)努力不斷重復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)。從早到晚自言自語(yǔ)。with this method, you’ll enjoy speaking english.you’ll discover it’s lots of fun.you’ll enjoy interacting.you’ll look forward to meeting people.breaking the ice will be a piece of cake.you’ll feel english is an art.you’ll speak like an artist.your words will be like paint on canvas.用這種方法，你會(huì)喜歡說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，說(shuō)英語(yǔ)充滿(mǎn)樂(lè)趣。說(shuō)英語(yǔ)會(huì)成為你熱愛(ài)的事情。你會(huì)喜歡與人互動(dòng)。你會(huì)期待認(rèn)識(shí)別人。打破沉默將會(huì)變得很容易。你會(huì)覺(jué)得，英語(yǔ)是一門(mén)藝術(shù)。你會(huì)說(shuō)得像藝術(shù)家一樣。你說(shuō)的話(huà)將非常有色彩、有生命。one breath english is the best way.it’s a great shortcut.the results speak for themselves.you have to try.you owe it to yourself.it will be the best decision you ever made.thank you all for listening!good luck to everyone here.“一口氣英語(yǔ)”是最佳的方法。這是非常好的捷徑。學(xué)習(xí)效果非常清楚。你一定要試試。你一定要做。這將是你做過(guò)的最好你決定。感謝大家的聆聽(tīng)！祝在座各位好運(yùn)?，F(xiàn)在，歡迎大家提出問(wèn)題。

第四篇：必備口語(yǔ)-英文PPT演講口語(yǔ)

英文PPT演講必備口語(yǔ)

應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題

-I will be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the presentation.-Please can you save your questions till the end.-If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation.-there will be time at the end of the presentation to answer your questions-so please feel free to ask me anything then.-Don't hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.-Please feel free to interrupt me at any time.-Please stop me if you have any questions.-If you need clarification on any point, you're welcome to ask questions at any time.-Can I come back to that point later?-I will be coming to that point in a minute.-That's a tricky question.-We will go into details later.But just to give you an idea of...-I am afraid there's no easy answer to that one...-Yes, that's a very good point.-Perhaps we could leave that point until the questions at the end of the presentation-I think I said that I would answer questions at the end of the presentation---perhaps you wouldn't mind waiting until then.-I think we have time for just one more question 歡迎聽(tīng)眾(正式)I am pleased to be able to welcome you to our company...May I take this opportunity of thanking you for coming 歡迎聽(tīng)眾(非正式)I'm glad to see so many people here.Hello again everybody.Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation...I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...It's my pleasant duty today to...I shall be speaking today about...Today's topic is...Today we are here to talk about...Before we start, I'd like you meet my team members...Before we start our presentation, let's take a brief look at the agenda...the main area that I intend to cover in this presentation is...Thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...告訴聽(tīng)眾發(fā)言的長(zhǎng)度I shall be speaking for about ten minutes...I won't take up more than ten minutes of your time...I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this briefI'm going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long...the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...告訴聽(tīng)眾內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)I am going to examine these topics in the following order(...first,...next,...after that,...finally)I will deal with these topics in chronological order...I want to start with this particular topic, and then draw some more general conclusions from it(...specifically,...in a wider context).We have to take into account in any discussion of this subject, the following considerations.-We all ought to be aware of the following points.結(jié)束語(yǔ)-In conclusion, I'd like to...-I'd like to finish by...-Finally...-By way of conclusion...-I hope I have made myself understood-I hope you have found this useful-I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...-Let me end by saying...-That, then was all I had to say on...-That concludes our presentation...-I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of...-If there are any questions, I'd be delighted to...-Thank you for your attention...-Let's break for a coffee at this point-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here-You have been a very attentive audience---thank you

二

做presentation，我們要注意對(duì)話(huà)題的準(zhǔn)備以及態(tài)度和身體語(yǔ)言等等，除此之外，我們還應(yīng)該掌握一些常用句型。

1.Right, let's get started.2.Let me introduce myself.3.I've divided my presentation into three main parts.4.Just to give you a brief overview.5.I'll be saying more about this in a minute.6.I'm sure the implications of this are clear to all of us.7.There's an important point to be made here.8.OK, let's move on.(go on to make your next point)

9.As you can see, the figures speak for themselves.10.To go back to what I was saying earlier.11.Are there any questions you'd like to ask at this point?

12.I'd like to look at this in more detail.13.Let's put this into perspective.(to explain it this way)

14.Perhaps I should expand on that a little.15.To digress for a moment?(to depart from your plan)

16.So, to sum up?

17.That brings me to the end of my talk.18.Thank you.I'm sure you all have lots of questions.三

1.Greeting, name, position

Ladies and gentlemen.It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.Good morning.Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background.I started out in….Good afternoon and thank you for making the effort to be here with us today.Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.It’s a pleasure to be with you today.2.Title/Subject

I’d like to talk(to you)about….I’m going to present the recent…

explain our position on…

brief you on….inform you about…

describe…

The subject/focus/topic of my presentation….We are here today to decide…

agree…

learn about….The purpose of this talk is to update you on

put you in the picture about…

give you the background to…

3.Length

I shall only take …minutes of your time.I plan to be brief.This should only last …minutes.4.Outline/Main parts

I’ve divided my presentation into four parts/sections.They are….The subject can be looked at under the following headings:….We can break this area down into the following fields: First/First of all…

Secondly/then/next…

Thirdly/and then we come to… Finally/lastly/last of all….5.Questions

I’d be glad to answer any questions at the end of the my talk.If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.Please interrupt me if there’s something which needs clarifying.Otherwise, there’ll be time for discussion at the end

四

Opening Remarks開(kāi)場(chǎng)： Sample Opening Remarks 1)Thank you very much, Prof.Fawcett, for your very kind introduction.Mr.Chairman, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning!I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium.2)Ladies and gentleman.It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.3)Good morning.Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background.4)Mr.Chairman, thank you very much for your kind introduction.President, Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning!Is my voice loud enough? 5)Good morning, everyone.I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today.I am here to talk to you about… 6)Good morning, everyone.I am very happy to have this chance to give my presentation.Before I start my speech, let me ask you a question.By a show of hands, how many of you own a car? Expressing thanks to the Chairperson 向主持人致謝 Mr.Chairman, thank you for your introduction.First, I would like to thank Mr.Chairman for his gracious introduction.Thank you very much, Prof.Fawcett, for your very kind introduction.I would like to thank Dr.Huang（主持人或推薦你來(lái)發(fā)言的上司）for permitting me the privilege to speak to this audience.Forms of Address and Greetings對(duì)聽(tīng)眾的稱(chēng)呼

Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning!Members of the conference!Expressing Pleasure and Honor 向聽(tīng)眾致意

I am very happy/glad/pleased to be here in Hong Kong.I am honored/privileged to be here(with you this afternoon).I am proud to be here on this special occasion.It’s a very great pleasure for me to be able to attend this conference.I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium/ at this conference..It is a great pleasure to be given the honor of first speaker on this important topic.Others 細(xì)節(jié)，如確認(rèn)話(huà)筒音量 Can you hear me all right? Is my voice too loud? Reference to the Audience 與聽(tīng)眾呼應(yīng)

I can see many of you are from …department.I know many of you are familiar with this topic.You all look as though you’ve heard this before.I understand that you’ve all traveled a long way./ After hours of conference, you must feel a little tired.Now I’d like you to see an interesting topic…

II.Introducing the Subject and the outline of the Presentation引入話(huà)題 Background Information I would like to start by briefly reviewing the history of open heart surgery.Let us start with the theoretical basis of this new technique.To begin with, we have to consider the principle.I think it would be best to start out by looking at a few slides.I should like to preface my remarks with a description of the basic idea.May I begin with a general outline of this project? The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms I shall use in my lecture.The first point I'd like to make is the historical background of the invention.First, I shall explain to you why this new program is correct and feasible.Topic I would like to concentrate on the problem of antibiotic abuse in hospitals.I shall devote my talk to the surgical treatment of coronary disease.I want to confine my talk to the latest developments in civil engineering.Today, I am going to give a talk on the application of computers in medicine.My topic today will deal with the observation of supernova.In today's talk, I' 11 restrict myself to the etiology of 15-epa~i;s.In my presentation this morning, I' 11 limit myself to three major points only.I take the liberty of restricting my discussion mainly to highway bridge construction.Now, I would like to address myself to the most important aspect of this problem.Among the many languages, I shall mention only BASIC.What I am going to present today is the methodology and the data analysis.I'm not going to say much about that except to discuss the literature on that topic.Outlining My talk today consists of two parts.One is...and the other is...I've divided my presentation into four parts.I shall first talk about...and then touch on...and finally discuss...The subject can be looked at under the following headings:...(Pointing to the PowerPoint display)I would like to divide my talk into two parts.The first part deals with…, the second part concerns...My presentation will be given in four parts.The first part deals with...The second part relates to...The third part concerns...And the last part discusses… Purpose/Objective The purpose of this presentation is to...This talk is designed to…

Comprehensive Samples Sample 1 Thank you, Mr.Chairperson, Mr.Director-General, distinguished members of the ILO's Governing Body and friends.I welcome this opportunity to be here today, with an Organization which in many ways belongs to all of us workers.I can think of, in fact, no other international body that one can claim as one's own so unambiguously.I have also had a longstanding formal association with the ILO.Many of my early pieces on women and technological change and on land rights were published by the ILO, as well as was the work of many other scholars.It is therefore a pleasure for me to be here on this important Symposium.The canvas of the Symposium is very large.I will focus on two aspects of gender inequality that centrally effect millions of women as workers but perhaps have failed to receive the attention they deserve.First, the gender gap in command over property and Productive assets and, second, gender biased social perceptions and social norms.Sample 2 I learned last May that you have to be careful in speaking to a group of professional communicators.After I conducted a writer' s workshop at the Toronto Conference of the International Association of Business Communicators, Janine Lichaczwrote asked me to speak here tonight and used the communication techniques I had recommended.She even included a footnote citing my lecture.I am susceptible to good communication and to flattery so I am pleased to be with you to discuss your topic for the evening, the use of language in the art of speech writing.I suppose we must begin by shaking our heads, woefully, over the sad state of language today, whether in formal speeches, casual conversation, or in writing.Most of us in this room no doubt agree with the generally negative tone of Time Magazine's year-end assessment which claims “our language has been besieged by vulgarities”.But to preserve our sanity as professionals in communication of us would probably join Time in optimistically expecting English somehow to

survive and even to prosper.Expressions on Other Occasions Correcting the Title of the Presentation First of all, I would like to mention that the title of my presentation should be...Please allow me to correct a mistake in the title of my speech which appeared in the program.Instead of...it should read...Reading.Another Person's Paper Sometimes you are selected to read another person's paper, as he or she is absent.I shall read a paper by Dr.Li from Guangzhou, china, who regrets that he could not be here.The title of his paper is...I'm going to read the paper by Dr.Wang.It's a great pity that, because of a health problem, he could not be here.I was asked by the author to read his paper.He apologizes for not being able to come here.The next speaker, Prof.Zhang, regrets that she could not be here and has submitted her paper to me.I am not sure if I can present it as well as she expected.I am not sure whether I' 11 be able to be very confident in answering specific questions.However, I am somewhat familiar with his work, so I' 11 try my best.Checking the Microphone First I want to check if all of you can hear me clearly.Am I speaking clearly and loudly enough for those in the rear of the room? I wonder if those in the rear of the room can hear me.If those in the rear of the room can hear me, would someone please raise his hand? Can you hear me clearly? Can you hear me if I am away from the microphone? Is the microphone working? * Summary-How to Prepare a Good Introduction Realize file great importance of the introduction of file presentation mad then do your best in delivering it.Don' t make file introduction either too wordy, or too brief.Usually, it covers 10 to 15 percent of your entire speech.Select tile ways to capture the audience attention.Indicate tile topic.Outline your Speech.Announce your purpose.Prepare several versions of tile introduction, compare them, and then select the best version.Finally, learn it by heart so as to be able to deliver it easily mid fluently.Don't start your speech with apologies.Pay attention to your body language.Chapter II Developing the Speech Text I.Announcing the Beginning of the Speech Text To begin with, I would like to talk about a principle.I think it would be best to start out by looking at some pictures.The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms which I’11 use in my presentation.II.Shifting to the Next Main Point Well, let's move on to the next point.We will now come to the second problem.Turning to the next question, I' 11 talk about the stages of the procedure.As the second topic, I shall stop here.Now let' s turn our attention to the third topic.So much for the methodology of our experiment.I would now like to shift to the discussion of the results.Now, let's move away from the first part and switch over to the next part of my presentation.That's all for the introduction and now we can go on to the literature review.Next, I would like to turn to a more difficult problem.The next point I'd like to talk about is the feasibility of this project.That brings me to my second point.I am glad that we can now leave this rather boring subject of mathematic deduction and go into a more attractive one, that is the application of the formula.III.Resuming the Topic Let' s come back to what I said in the first part of my speech.Getting back to the subject of the problem of theoretical considerations we can find that...I want to return to the first part of my presentation.Now, to get back to the effect of temperature, you may be aware that the problems have been solved.This brings me back to the question of security.At this point I would like to refer again to the question of methods in the first part of my lecture.Referring again to the first question, I think...Referring to the Coming Point I'll deal with it later.I' 11 touch upon that point in a moment.I shall tell you in detail shortly.IV.Introducing the Supporting Materials I think this part is the most difficult, so I'll explain it in greater detail.I think this part of my paper is most important, so I plan to spend more time on it.Please allow me to deal with this matter more extensively.Being the most important part of my presentation, I will elaborate on it with more slides.I' 11 expand this topic with drawings and figures.Indicating the Points Briefly Limited by the time available, I can only give you a very brief account of this matter.I don't think that I should describe the methods in detail, because they are included in the handout.I will not go into detail on it.This point has been talked about repeatedly in this symposium, so I am not going to spend too much time on it.Let's go through the following points very rapidly.I just want to outline for you what I experienced in using this new drug.I shall not go over all these explanations.My time is running short.So I'’11 be brief.It is sufficient to say that these experiments were poorly designed and without controls.V.Repairing a Slip of Tone The first of such experiments began in 2000, rather than 1999.May I have the lights, I mean the slides.The temperature increased, I shall say decreased.The population is 13 million, sorry, 31 million.The exchange rate dropped from 2.5 to 1.8, I beg your pardon, 1.9.As you can see from the first row, excuse me, the second row, that the output increased two fold.VI.Expressions Concerning Audio-Visual Aids Could we have the lights off? And the first slide, please.Lights off, first slide, please.Dim the lights, and first slide, please.The slide is not so clear.Please darken the room a little more.Could you please turn on the lights, please? Now, we can have the lights on.Please switch on the lights.Lights on, please.I apologize that this slide is not so clear, but I hope you can still make out the general idea.Sorry for the small print.I'm sorry we left a figure out here.VI.Explaining the Contents on the Slides This slide demonstrates...On this slide, you can see...This curve in this slide shows...This figure in this slide exhibits...This table on this slide presents...This diagram on this slide depicts...This chart on this slide displaces...The picture on this slide shows...The photomicrograph on this slide shows...The flow-chart on this slide points out...The circuit diagram on this slide represents~...~ Indicating the Sources of the Content in a This figure is taken from.., by Dr.Li.This diagram is after that of Prof.Wang with some modification VII.Demanding to Show the Next Slide May I proceed to the next slide, please? I think we can move on to the next slide.Let me show you the next slide.Now, we can go on to the next slide.' Next slide, please.Next, please.Next!

第五篇：探討中國(guó)八大菜系調(diào)查報(bào)告

探討中國(guó)八大菜系調(diào)查報(bào)告

梅林中學(xué)高一(5)班調(diào)查小組：方澤生、羅奕聰、廖文琪、楊子怡、許嘉寶、王純

（一）背景及目的俗話(huà)說(shuō)“民以食為天”，飲食更是人們生活當(dāng)中必不可少的消費(fèi)之一。當(dāng)今世界，飲食文化多種多樣，豐富多彩，世界各地域不同形式的飲食文化頗具吸引。我國(guó)擁有5000余年的歷史文化，至今從未有斷過(guò)，文化沉淀已久！中國(guó)文化博大精深，且我國(guó)地域遼闊，各地不同文化風(fēng)俗導(dǎo)致不同飲食文化的形成，可以說(shuō)中國(guó)飲食文化蘊(yùn)含無(wú)限精采。了解中國(guó)飲食文化，從側(cè)面可以了解中華民族之文化。作為高中生，了解中國(guó)飲食文化，提高閱歷，提高對(duì)本民族的文化認(rèn)識(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化之精采。我們小組便決定將研究的課題定為《中國(guó)八大菜系》。

（二）本課題研究的基本內(nèi)容（中國(guó)八大菜系的相關(guān)問(wèn)題）： ? 1.什么叫做中國(guó)八大菜系？它的由來(lái)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，歷史發(fā)展。

? 2.中國(guó)八大菜系（魯菜，川菜，粵菜，閩菜，蘇菜，浙菜，湘菜，徽菜）

（1）魯菜：由來(lái)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，歷史至今發(fā)展，菜系特點(diǎn)，代表菜系（列舉2~3個(gè)，名稱(chēng)，特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值）

（2）川菜：由來(lái)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，歷史至今發(fā)展，菜系特點(diǎn)，代表菜系（列舉2~3個(gè)，名稱(chēng)，特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值）

（3)粵菜：由來(lái)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，歷史至今發(fā)展，菜系特點(diǎn)，代表菜系（列舉2~3個(gè)，名稱(chēng)，特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值）

（4）閩菜：由來(lái)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，歷史至今發(fā)展，菜系特點(diǎn)，代表菜系（列舉2~3個(gè)，名稱(chēng)，特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值）

（5）蘇菜：由來(lái)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，歷史至今發(fā)展，菜系特點(diǎn)，代表菜系（列舉2~3個(gè)，名稱(chēng)，特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值）

（6）浙菜：由來(lái)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，歷史至今發(fā)展，菜系特點(diǎn)，代表菜系（列舉2~3個(gè)，名稱(chēng)，特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值）

（7）湘菜：由來(lái)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，歷史至今發(fā)展，菜系特點(diǎn)，代表菜系（列舉2~3個(gè)，名稱(chēng)，特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值）

（8）徽菜：由來(lái)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，歷史至今發(fā)展，菜系特點(diǎn)，代表菜系（列舉2~3個(gè)，名稱(chēng)，特點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值）

3中國(guó)八大菜系的現(xiàn)今發(fā)展，對(duì)如今的影響，中國(guó)八大菜系的市場(chǎng)反應(yīng)。

（三）本課題研究的主要思路：

方法：采用小組分工查找法，文獻(xiàn)調(diào)查法

途徑：利用網(wǎng)上查找資料，尋求有關(guān)人員幫助、查找書(shū)籍資料

步驟：先進(jìn)行分工調(diào)查，最后進(jìn)行資料總結(jié)、篩選資料、合成資料、利用相關(guān)

課件，結(jié)題報(bào)告，表達(dá)我們的研究成果。

時(shí)間安排：10月10日——10月30日完成。

課題研究報(bào)告展示：什么叫做中國(guó)八大菜系？

? 菜系，也稱(chēng)“幫菜”，是指在選料、切配、烹飪等技藝方面，經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期演變而自成體系，具有鮮明的地方風(fēng)味特色，并為社會(huì)所公認(rèn)的中國(guó)的菜肴流派。我國(guó)的菜系，是指在一定區(qū)域內(nèi)，由于氣候、地理、歷史、物產(chǎn)及飲食風(fēng)俗的不同，經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)歷史演變而形成的一整套自成體系的烹飪技藝和風(fēng)味，并被全國(guó)各地所承認(rèn)的地方菜肴。菜肴在烹飪中有許多流派。魯、川、蘇、粵四大菜系形成歷史較早，后來(lái)，浙、閩、湘、徽等地方菜也逐漸出名，于是形成了我國(guó)的“八大菜系”。

? 小組研究后得出的理解：簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)就是因?yàn)樵谖覈?guó)，中國(guó)的飲食文化經(jīng)歷了幾千年的發(fā)展，由于氣候、地理、歷史、物產(chǎn)及飲食風(fēng)俗的不同，經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)歷史演變形成的一整套自成體系的烹飪技藝和風(fēng)味，而再加上融合了各種當(dāng)?shù)厣贁?shù)民族的飲食文化的融合，形成了許多中國(guó)的飲食文化，更形成了一種地域的飲食流派。中國(guó)菜肴在烹飪中有許多流派，其中最具有影響和代表性的有:魯、川、粵、蘇、浙、閩、湘、徽等菜系，即被人們常說(shuō)的中國(guó)“八大菜系”。

由來(lái)（八大菜系的構(gòu)成）：

當(dāng)?shù)氐奈锂a(chǎn)和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，各地氣候差異形成不同口味，中國(guó)的烹飪技藝歷史悠久，各地烹飪方法不同，與當(dāng)?shù)厣贁?shù)民族的烹飪文化進(jìn)行融合等等。

形成時(shí)間：

民國(guó)開(kāi)始，中國(guó)各地的文化有了相當(dāng)大的發(fā)展，民國(guó)時(shí)分為華北、華東、華南和西南四種流派。后來(lái)華北流派分出魯菜，江浙菜系分為蘇菜、浙菜和徽菜，華南流派分為粵菜、閩菜，西南流派分為川菜和湘菜。川、魯、蘇、粵四大菜系形成歷史較早，后來(lái)，浙、閩、湘、徽等地方菜也逐漸出名，就形成了我國(guó)的“八大菜系”。

小組研究后得出的理解：

因?yàn)榈搅嗣駠?guó)時(shí)期，中國(guó)飲食文化得到很大的發(fā)展。這時(shí)，中國(guó)八大菜系已逐漸形成。我們小組把形成時(shí)間粗略地定為民國(guó)時(shí)期。

歷史發(fā)展：

一個(gè)菜系的形成和它的悠久歷史與獨(dú)到的烹飪特色分不開(kāi)的。同時(shí)也受到這個(gè)地區(qū)的自然地理、氣候條件、資源特產(chǎn)、飲食習(xí)慣等影響。有人把“八大菜系”用擬人化的手法描繪為：蘇、浙菜好比清秀素麗的江南美女；魯菜猶如古拙樸實(shí)的北方健漢；粵、閩菜宛若風(fēng)流儒雅的公子；川、湘菜就像內(nèi)涵豐富充實(shí)、才藝滿(mǎn)身的名士。

小組研究后得出的理解：

一個(gè)菜系的形成，要經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)十分漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的歷史發(fā)展，它會(huì)因?yàn)檫@個(gè)地區(qū)的自然地理、氣候條件、資源特產(chǎn)、飲食習(xí)慣等影響，不斷地發(fā)展，更會(huì)與當(dāng)?shù)氐纳贁?shù)民族的飲食產(chǎn)生交融，最終形成一個(gè)已吸收了多樣飲食文化的獨(dú)特菜系，而且它還具有代表性！

魯菜

宋以后魯菜就成為“北食”的代體，對(duì)京、津東北各地的影響較大，現(xiàn)今魯菜就是由濟(jì)南和膠東兩地的地方菜演化而成的。其特點(diǎn)是清香、鮮嫩、味純等，它十分講究清湯和奶湯的調(diào)制，清湯色清而鮮，奶湯色白而醇。濟(jì)南菜擅長(zhǎng)爆、燒、炸、炒，其著名品種有“糖醋黃河鯉魚(yú)”、“九轉(zhuǎn)大腸”等。

川菜

在秦末漢初就初具規(guī)模。唐宋時(shí)發(fā)展迅速，明清已富有名氣，現(xiàn)今川菜館已遍布世界。正宗川菜以成都、重慶兩地的菜肴為代表，它重視選料，講究規(guī)格，分色配菜講究主次分明。其特點(diǎn)是酸、甜、麻、辣香、油重、味濃，注重調(diào)味，離不開(kāi)三椒（即辣椒、胡椒、花椒）和鮮姜，其辣、酸、訂膾炙人口的味道，為其他地方菜所少有，享有“一菜一味，百菜百味”的美譽(yù)。川菜的烹調(diào)方法擅長(zhǎng)于燒、燒、干煸、蒸，并善于綜合用味。代表菜肴的品種有“大煮干絲”、“黃燜鰻”、“怪味雞塊”、“麻婆豆腐”等。

粵菜

西漢時(shí)就有粵菜的記載，南宋時(shí)受御廚隨往羊城的影響，明清發(fā)展迅速。到了20世紀(jì)，粵菜隨對(duì)外通商的發(fā)展，吸取了西餐的某些特長(zhǎng)，逐步走向世界。其實(shí)，粵菜是以廣州、潮州、東江三地的菜為代表而形成的。尤以烹制蛇、貍、貓、狗、猴、鼠等野生動(dòng)物而負(fù)盛名，著名的菜肴品種有“三蛇龍虎鳳大會(huì)”、“五蛇羹”、“烤乳豬”等。

閩菜

起源于福建省閩候縣。它是以福州、泉州、廈門(mén)等地地菜肴為代表發(fā)展起來(lái)的。其特點(diǎn)是色調(diào)美觀，滋味清鮮。烹調(diào)方法擅長(zhǎng)于炒、溜、煎、煨，尤以“糟”最具特色。閩菜多以海鮮為原料烹制各式菜肴。其著名菜肴品種有“佛跳墻”、“醉糟雞”、“酸辣爛魷魚(yú)”、“太極明蝦”等。

蘇菜

起始于南北朝，唐宋以后，與浙菜競(jìng)修秀而成為“南食”的兩天臺(tái)柱之一。蘇菜是由蘇州、揚(yáng)州、南京、鎮(zhèn)江四大菜為代表而構(gòu)成的。其特點(diǎn)是濃中帶淡，鮮香酥爛，原汁原湯濃而不膩。在烹調(diào)技藝方面擅長(zhǎng)燉、燜、燒、煨、炒。蘇菜著名的菜肴品種有“清湯火方”、“鴨包魚(yú)翅”、“松鼠桂魚(yú)”等。

浙菜

浙菜是以杭州、寧波、紹興、溫州等地的菜肴為代表發(fā)展而成的。其特點(diǎn)是

清、香、脆、嫩、爽、鮮。在烹調(diào)技法方面它擅長(zhǎng)于炒、炸、燴、溜、蒸、燒。浙菜久負(fù)盛名的菜肴有“西湖醋魚(yú)”、“生爆蟮片”、“龍井蝦仁”、“干炸響鈴”等。

湘菜

湘菜是以湘江流域、洞庭湖區(qū)和湘西山區(qū)的菜肴為代表發(fā)展而成的。其特點(diǎn)是用料廣泛，油重色濃，多以辣椒、熏臘為原料，口味注重香鮮、酸辣、軟嫩。烹調(diào)方法擅長(zhǎng)臘、熏、煨、蒸、燉、炸、炒。其著名菜肴品種有“臘味合蒸”、“東安子雞”等。

徽菜

徽菜是以沿江、沿淮、徽洲三地區(qū)的地方菜為代表構(gòu)成的。其特點(diǎn)是選料樸實(shí)，講究火功，味道醇厚，保持原汁原味。徽菜以烹制山野海味而聞名，其烹調(diào)方法擅長(zhǎng)于燒、燜、燉。著名的菜肴品種有“符離集燒雞”、“火腿燉甲魚(yú)”、“腌鮮桂魚(yú)”、“火腿燉鞭筍”、“雪冬燒山雞”等。