第一篇：TED演講稿

So I'm here to tell you that we have a problem with boys, and it's a serious problem with boys.Their culture isn't working in schools, and I'm going to share with you ways that we can think about overcoming that problem.First, I want to start by saying, this is a boy, and this is a girl, and this is probably stereotypically what you think of as a boy and a girl.If I essentialize gender for you today, then you can dismiss what I have to say.So I'm not going to do that.I'm not interested in doing that.This is a different kind of boy and a different kind of girl.So the point here is that not all boys exist within these rigid boundaries of what we think of as boys and girls, and not all girls exist within those rigid boundaries of what we think of as girls.But, in fact, most boys tend to be a certain way, and most girls tend to be a certain way.And the point is that, for boys, the way that they exist and the culture that they embrace isn't working well in schools now.1:08How do we know that? The Hundred Girls Project tells us some really nice statistics.For example, for every 100 girls that are suspended from school, there are 250 boys that are suspended from school.For every 100 girls who are expelled from school, there are 335 boys who are expelled from school.For every 100 girls in special education, there are 217 boys.For every 100 girls with a learning disability,there are 276 boys.For every 100 girls with an emotional disturbance diagnosed, we have 324 boys.And by the way, all of these numbers are significantly higher if you happen to be black, if you happen to be poor, if you happen to exist in an overcrowded school.And if you are a boy, you're four times as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD--Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.2:02Now there is another side to this.And it is important that we recognize that women still need help in school, that salaries are still significantly lower, even when controlled for job types, and that girls have continued to struggle in math and science for years.That's all true.Nothing about that prevents us from paying attention to the literacy needs of our boys between ages three and 13.And so we should.In fact, what we ought to do is take a page from their playbook, because the initiatives and programs that have been set in place for women in science and engineering and mathematics are fantastic.They've done a lot of good for girls in these situations, and we ought to be thinking about how we can make that happen for boys too in their younger years.2:50Even in their older years, what we find is that there's still a problem.When we look at the universities,60 percent of baccalaureate degrees are going to women now, which is

a significant shift.And in fact, university administrators are a little uncomfortable about the idea that we may be getting close to 70 percent female population in universities.This makes university administrators very nervous, because girls don't want to go to schools that don't have boys.And so we're starting to see the establishment of men centers and men studies to think about how do we engage men in their experiences in the university.If you talk to faculty, they may say, “Ugh.Yeah, well, they're playing video games, and they're gambling online all night long, and they're playing World of Warcraft, and that's affecting their academic achievement.” Guess what? Video games are not the cause.Video games are a symptom.They were turned off a long time before they got here.3:52So let's talk about why they got turned off when they were between the ages of three and 13.There are three reasons that I believe that boys are out of sync with the culture of schools today.The first is zero tolerance.A kindergarten teacher I know, her son donated all of his toys to her, and when he did, she had to go through and pull out all the little plastic guns.You can't have plastic knives and swords and axes and all that kind of thing in a kindergarten classroom.What is it that we're afraid that this young man is going to do with this gun? I mean, really.But here he stands as testament to the fact that you can't roughhouse on the playground today.Now I'm not advocating for bullies.I'm not suggesting that we need to be allowing guns and knives into school.But when we say that an Eagle Scout in a high school classroom who has a locked parked car in the parking lot and a penknife in it has to be suspended from school, I think we may have gone a little too far with zero tolerance.4:55Another way that zero tolerance lives itself out is in the writing of boys.In a lot of classrooms todayyou're not allowed to write about anything that's violent.You're not allowed to write about anything that has to do with video games--these topics are banned.Boy comes home from school, and he says, “I hate writing.” “Why do you hate writing, son? What's wrong with writing?” “Now I have to write what she tells me to write.” “Okay, what is she telling you to write?” “Poems.I have to write poems.And little moments in my life.I don't want to write that stuff.” “All right.Well, what do you want to write? What do you want to write about?” “I want to write about video games.I want to write about leveling-up.I want to write about this really interesting world.I want to write about a tornado that comes into our houseand blows all the windows out and ruins all the furniture and kills everybody.” “All right.Okay.” You tell a teacher that, and they'll ask you, in all seriousness, “Should we send this child to the psychologist?”And the answer is no, he's just a boy.He's just a little boy.It's not okay to write these kinds of things in classrooms today.6:00So that's the first reason: zero tolerance policies and the way they're lived out.The next reason that boys' cultures are out of sync with school cultures: there are fewer male teachers.Anybody who's over 15 doesn't know what this means, because in the last 10 years, the number of elementary school classroom teachers has been cut in half.We went from 14 percent to seven percent.That means that 93 percent of the teachers that our young men get in elementary classrooms are women.Now what's the problem with this? Women are great.Yep, absolutely.But male role models for boys that say it's all right to be smart--they've got dads, they've got pastors, they've got Cub Scout leaders, but ultimately, six hours a day, five days a week they're spending in a classroom, and most of those classrooms are not places where men exist.And so they say, I guess this really isn't a place for boys.This is a place for girls.And I'm not very good at this, so I guess I'd better go play video games or get into sports, or something like that, because I obviously don't belong here.Men don't belong here, that's pretty obvious.7:06So that may be a very direct way that we see it happen.But less directly, the lack of male presence in the culture--you've got a teachers' lounge, and they're having a conversation about Joey and Johnny who beat each other up on the playground.“What are we going to do with these boys?” The answer to that question changes depending on who's sitting around that table.Are there men around that table?Are there moms who've raised boys around that table? You'll see, the conversation changes depending upon who's sitting around the table.7:36Third reason that boys are out of sync with school today: kindergarten is the old second grade, folks.We have a serious compression of the curriculum happening out there.When you're three, you better be able to write your name legibly, or else we'll consider it a developmental delay.By the time you're in first grade, you should be able to read paragraphs of text with maybe a picture, maybe not, in a book of maybe 25 to 30 pages.If you don't, we're probably going to be putting you into a Title 1 special reading program.And if you ask Title 1 teachers, they'll tell you they've got about four or five boys for every girl that's in their program, in the elementary grades.8:11The reason that this is a problem is because the message that boys are getting is “you need to do what the teacher asks you to do all the time.” The teacher's salary depends on “No Child Left Behind” and “Race to the Top” and accountability and testing and all of this.So she has to figure out a way to get all these boys through this curriculum--and girls.This compressed curriculum is bad for all active kids.And what happens is, she says, “Please, sit down, be quiet, do what you're told, follow the rules,manage your time, focus, be a girl.” That's what she tells them.Indirectly, that's what she tells them.And so this is a very serious problem.Where is it coming from? It's coming from us.(Laughter)We want our babies to read when they are six months old.Have you seen the ads? We want to live in Lake Wobegon where every child is above average, but what this does to our children is really not healthy.It's not developmentally appropriate, and it's particularly bad for boys.9:24So what do we do? We need to meet them where they are.We need to put ourselves into boy culture.We need to change the mindset of acceptance in boys in elementary schools.More specifically, we can do some very specific things.We can design better games.Most of the educational games that are out there today are really flashcards.They're glorified drill and practice.They don't have the depth, the rich narrative that really engaging video games have, that the boys are really interested in.So we need to design better games.We need to talk to teachers and parents and school board members and politicians.We need to make sure that people see that we need more men in the classroom.We need to look carefully at our zero tolerance policies.Do they make sense? We need to think about how to uncompress this curriculum if we can, trying to bring boys back into a space that is comfortable for them.All of those conversations need to be happening.10:20There are some great examples out there of schools--the New York Times just talked about a school recently.A game designer from the New School put together a wonderful video gaming school.But it only treats a few kids, and so this isn't very scalable.We have to change the culture and the feelingsthat politicians and school board members and parents have about the way we accept and what we accept in our schools today.We need to find more money for game design.Because good games, really good games, cost money, and World of Warcraft has quite a budget.Most of the educational games do not.Where we started: my colleagues--Mike Petner, Shawn Vashaw, myself--we started by trying to look at the teachers' attitudes and find out how do they really feel about gaming, what do they say about it.And we discovered that they talk about the kids in their school, who talk about gaming, in pretty demeaning ways.They say, “Oh, yeah.They're always talking about that stuff.They're talking about their little action figures and their little achievements or merit badges, or whatever it is that they get.And they're always talking about this stuff.” And they say these things as if it's okay.But if it were your culture, think of how that might feel.It's very uncomfortable to be on the receiving end of that kind of language.They're nervous about anything that has anything to do with violence because of the zero tolerance policies.They are sure that parents and administrators will never accept anything.11:45So we really need to think about looking at teacher attitudes and finding ways to change the attitudes so that teachers are much more open and accepting of boy cultures in their classrooms.Because, ultimately, if we don't, then we're going to have boys who leave elementary school saying, “Well I guess that was just a place for girls.It wasn't for me.So I've got to do gaming, or I've got to do sports.” If we change these things, if we pay attention to these things, and we re-engage boys in their learning, they will leave the elementary schools saying, “I'm smart.”

第二篇：TED英語演講稿

TED英語演講稿

TED英語演講稿

I was one of the only kids in college who had a reason to go to the P.O.box at the end of the day, and that was mainly because my mother has never believed in email, in Facebook, in texting or cell phones in general.And so while other kids were BBM-ing their parents, I was literally waiting by the mailbox to get a letter from home to see how the weekend had gone, which was a little frustrating when Grandma was in the hospital, but I was just looking for some sort of scribble, some unkempt cursive from my mother.And so when I moved to New York City after college and got completely sucker-punched in the face by depression, I did the only thing I could think of at the time.I wrote those same kinds of letters that my mother had written me for strangers, and tucked them all throughout the city, dozens and dozens of them.I left them everywhere, in cafes and in libraries, at the U.N., everywhere.I blogged about those letters and the days when they were necessary, and I posed a kind of crazy promise to the Internet: that if you asked me for a hand-written letter, I would write you one, no questions asked.Overnight, my inbox morphed into this harbor of heartbreak--a single mother in Sacramento, a girl being bullied in rural Kansas, all asking me, a 22-year-old girl who barely even knew her own coffee order, to write them a love letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox.Well, today I fuel a global organization that is fueled by those trips to the mailbox, fueled by the ways in which we can harness social media like never before to write and mail strangers letters when they need them most, but most of all, fueled by crates of mail like this one, my trusty mail crate, filled with the scriptings of ordinary people, strangers writing letters to other strangers not because they're ever going to meet and laugh over a cup of coffee, but because they have found one another by way of letter-writing.But, you know, the thing that always gets me about these letters is that most of them have been written by people that have never known themselves loved on a piece of paper.They could not tell you about the ink of their own love letters.They're the ones from my generation, the ones of us that have grown up into a world where everything is paperless, and where some of our best conversations have happened upon a screen.We have learned to diary our pain onto Facebook, and we speak swiftly in 140 characters or less.But what if it's not about efficiency this time? I was on the subway yesterday with this mail crate, which is a conversation starter, let me tell you.If you ever need one, just carry one of these.(Laughter)And a man just stared at me, and he was like, “Well, why don't you use the Internet?” And I thought, “Well, sir, I am not a strategist, nor am I specialist.I am merely a storyteller.” And so I could tell you about a woman whose husband has just come home from Afghanistan, and she is having a hard time unearthing this thing called conversation, and so she tucks love letters throughout the house as a way to say, “Come back to me.Find me when you can.” Or a girl who decides that she is going to leave love letters around her campus in Dubuque, Iowa, only to find her efforts ripple-effected the next day when she walks out onto the quad and finds love letters hanging from the trees, tucked in the bushes and the benches.Or the man who decides that he is going to take his life, uses Facebook as a way to say goodbye to friends and family.Well, tonight he sleeps safely with a stack of letters just like this one tucked beneath his pillow, scripted by strangers who were there for him when.These are the kinds of stories that convinced me that letter-writing will never again need to flip back her hair and talk about efficiency, because she is an art form now, all the parts of her, the signing, the scripting, the mailing, the doodles in the margins.The mere fact that somebody would even just sit down, pull out a piece of paper and think about someone the whole way through, with an intention that is so much harder to unearth when the browser is up and the iPhone is pinging and we've got six conversations rolling in at once, that is an art form that does not fall down to the Goliath of “get faster,” no matter how many social networks we might join.We still clutch close these letters to our chest, to the words that speak louder than loud, when we turn pages into palettes to say the things that we have needed to say, the words that we have needed to write, to sisters and brothers and even to strangers, for far too long.Thank you.(Applause)(Applause)

第三篇：TED楊瀾演講稿

The night before I was heading for Scotland,I was invited to host the final of “China's Got Talent” show in Shanghai with 80,000 live audience in the stadium.Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle.And I told her,“I'm going to Scothland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few

words in Chineses.“送你蔥”.So it's not like “hello” or “thank you” those ordinary stuff.It's means “green onion for free”.Why did she say that? Beacuse it wae a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle.a 50-some-year old woman a vegetable vendor in Shanghai,who loves singing Westerm opera, but she didn't

understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese.And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was “green onion for free”.So Susan Boyle was saying that 80,000 live audience sang together.That was hilarious.So I gusee

both Susan Boyle and this Chinese vegtable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness.You know, they were the least expected to be successful in the business

called entertainment.Yet their courage and talent brought them through.And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.Well being different is not that difficult.We are all different from different perspectives.But I think being different is good.Because you present

a different point of view.You may have the chance to make a difference.My generation has been very fortunat to witness and participate in the historical transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30

years.I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing.Great Wall sheraton, it's still there.So after being interrogated by this Japaness manager for a half an hour, he finally said,“So, Miss Yang do you have any questions to ask me?” I summoned my courage and poise and said “Yes, but could you let me know what acutually do you sell?” I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.That was the first day I set my foot into a five-star hotel.Around the same time I was going

through an audition.The first ever open audition by national television in China with another thousand college girls.The producer told us they were looking for some sweet,innocent and beautiful,fresh face.So when it was my turn, I stood up and said,“Why woman personalitise on televison always have to be beautiful sweet,innocent, beautiful and you know supportive?” Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice? I thought I you know, a kind of offerened them.But actually, they were impressed by my words.And so I was in the second round of competition,and then the third and the forth,after seven round of competition I was the last one to survive it.So I was on a national television prime-time show.And belive it or not,that was the first show on Chinese televison that

allowed its host to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script.And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.Well,after a few years,I was decided to go to U.S.and Clumbia university to pursure my postgraduate studies and then strated my own media company,which was unthought of, you know, during the years that I started my career.So we do a lot of things.I interviewed more than a thousands people in the past.And some times,I have young people approaching me and say “you know, Lan.you changed my life” You know, I feel pround of that.But then we also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.I was in Beijing's bidding for Olympic Games I was representing Shanghai Expo.I saw China embracing the world and vice versa.But then sometimes I'm thinking.you know,what are today's young generation up to;How are they different and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China or at large the world?

So, today I went to talk about young people through the platform of social media.First of all, who are they,How do they look like? Well this is girl called Guo meimei,20 years old,beautiful.She showed off her expensive bags clothes and car on her microblog which is the Chinese vision of Twitter.And she claimed

to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Charmber of Commerce.She didn't realize that she was stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national

quesioning almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross.The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify

it and the investigation is going on.So far,as to today, we know that she herself made up that title.Probably she feels pround to be associated with charity.ALL those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce.It very complicated to explain.But anyway, the publice still don't buy it,it's still boiling.Its shows us a general mistrust of goverment or goverment background institutions, which lacked transparency in the past.And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.microblog boomed in the year of 2010,with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled.sina.com a major news portal alone has more than 140 million microbloggers on Tencent,200 million.The most porpular blogger, it's not me.it's a movie star.And she has more than 9.5 million followers or fans.About 80 percent of those microblogger are young people under 30 years old.And because,as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the goverment.So,social media offers an opening to let the stem a little bit out.But because you don't have any other openings,so the heat comes out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.So through microblogging.We are able to understand Chinese youth even better.So how are they different.First of all,most of them were

born in the 80s or 90s under the One-Child policy.And because of the selected abortion by families who favorede boys to girls.Now we are ended up with 30 million young men than women.That could pose a potential danger to the society.But who knows, we are in the globalized world.So they can look for girlfriends from other countries.Most of them has fairly good education.The illteracy rate in Chian among this gerneration is under 1 percent.In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college.But they are facing an aging China, with a population above 65 years old coming up with 70-some-percent this year.and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030.And you know we have the tradition that the younger generations support the elder financially and taking care of them when they are sick.So it means young couples will have to support 4 parents who have a life expetancy as to 73 years old.So making a living is not that easy for young people.College graduates are not in short supply.In urban areas,college graduates find the starting salary is about 400U.S dollars a month.While the average rent is above$500.So, what do they do? They have to share space,squeezed in very limited space to save money.And they called themselves“tribe of ants”.And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment.They figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.That ratio in America would only cost a couple 5 years to earn but in China it's 30-40 years with the highrocketing real estate price.Among the 200 million migrant workers,60 percent of them are young people.They find themselves a sort of sanwiches between the urban areas and the rural

areas.Most of them don't want to goback to the countryside,but they don't have the sense of belonging.They work for longer hours,with less income,less social welfare.And they are more vulnerable to job losses.Subject to inflation,tightening loans from banks,appreciation of RMB or decline demand frome Europe and America for the products they produce.Last year,though an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufactureing compound in China.13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s sommitted suside,just one by one like causing a contagious disease.But they died because of all different personal reasons.But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation both physical and mental of these migrant workers.For those who do return to the countryside,they find themselves very welcome locally,because with the knowledge,skills,networks they have learned in the cities with the assistance of Internet.They are able to create more jobs,upgrade local agriculture and creates new business in the less developed market.So for the past few years the coastal areas they found themselves in a shortage of labor.These diagrams show a more general social background.The first one is the Engels coefficient which explain the cost of daily necessities has dropped the

percentage all throug the past decade in terms of family income,about 37-some percent.But then in the last two years,it gose up again 39 percent indicating a rising living cost.The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4.Now it's 0.5,even worse than that in America showing us the equality of income.And so you see the whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility.And also the bitterness and resentment towards the rich and powerful is quite widespreade.So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging we can see what young people care most about social justice and goverment accountability runs

the first what they demand.For the past decade or so,a massive urbanization or development have let us wittness a lot of reports on the forced demoliton of private property.And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation.Sometimes people get killed and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet,people cry for the goverment to take actions to stop this.So the good news is that earlier this year the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local goverments to the court.Similarly,many other issues concering public safety is a hot topic on the Internet.We heard about polluted air,polluted water,poisoned food.And guess what, we have faked beef.They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish and it turns it to looks like beef.And then lately,people are

very concerned about cooking oil,because thousands of people have been found recooking oil from restaurant slop.So all these things have aroused a huge outcru from the Internet.And fortunately,we have see the goverment responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.While young people seem to be very sure about their participating in public policy making but sometimes they are little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.China is soon to pass the U.S.as the number one market for luxury brands thats not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere.But you know what,half of those consumers are earning a salary below $2,000 U.S.dollars.They are not rich at all.They are taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in BMW than smie on B bicycle.But of course,we do have young people who would prefer to smile whether in a BMW or on a bicycle.So in the next phenomenon,you see a very popular phenomenon called naked wedding or naked marriage.It dose not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding.But it shows that these young couples are ready to

get married without a house,without a car,and without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquate to show their commitment to ture love.And also people are doing good through social media.And the first picture showed us that a truck cagging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was soptted and stopped on highway with whole country watching throug microblogging.People were donating money,dog food,and offer volunter work to stop the truck.And after 5 hours of negotiation.500 dogs were rescued.And here also people are helping to find a missing children.A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet.After thousands of recent delay,the child was found and we wittness the reunion of the family through microblogging.So happiness is the most popular word we have hear through the past two years.Happiness is not only related to personal experience and personal values.But it's also about the

environment.People are thinking about the following questions are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reforms to keep pace with economic growth to keep sustainability and stability?And also how capable of the system of selr-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of fiction going on at the same time?

I guess those are the questions people are going to answer.And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.Thank you very much!(Applause)

第四篇：ted 部分演講稿

TED:過一種沉浸的人生

I have been spending a lot of time traveling around the world these days talking to groups of students and professionals.And everywhere I am finding that I hear similar themes.On the one hand, people say“ The time for change is now.” They want to be part of it.They talk about wanting lives of purpose and greater meaning.But on the other hand, I hear people talking about fear, a sense of risk aversion.They say, “I really want to follow a life of purpose, but I do not know where to start.I so not want to disappoint my family or friends.”I work in global poverty.And they say,“ I want to work in global poverty, but what will it mean about my career? Will I be marginalized? Will I not make enough money? Will I never get married or have children? And as a woman who did not get married until I was a lot older and I am glad I waited.And has no children.I look at these young people and I say, ”Your job is not to be perfect.Your job is only to be human.And nothing important happens in life without a cost.“ These conversation really reflect what was happening at the national and international level.Our leaders and ourselves went everything but we do not talk about the cost, we do not talk about the sacrifice.One of my favourite quotes from literature was written by Tillie Olsen, the great American writer from the South.In a short story called ”O(jiān)h, Yes.“ She talks about a white woman in the 1950s who has a daughter who be friends a little Africa American girl.And she looks at her child with a sense of pride, but she also wonders, what price will she pay?”Better immersion than to live untouched.“ But the real question is, what is the cost of not daring? What the cost of not trying? I have been so privileged in my life to know extraordinary leaders who have chosen to live of immersion.One woman I knew who was a fellow at a program that ran at the Rockfeller Foundation was named Ingrid Wshinawatok.She was a leader of the Menominee trible, a Native American peoples.And when we would gather as fellows, she would push us to think about how the elders in Native American culture make decisions.And she said they would literally visualize the faces of children for seven generations into the future, looking at them from the Earth.And they would look at them holding them as stewards for the future.Ingrid understood that we are connected to each other, not only human beings.But to every living thing on the planet.And tragically, in 1999 when she was in Columbia working with the U ' wa people, focused on preserving their culture and language, she and two colleagues were abducted and tortured and killed by the FARC.And whenever we would gather the fellows after that, we would leave chair empty for her spirit.And more than a decade later, when I talk to NGO fellows, whether in Trenton, New Jersey or the office of the White House, and we talk about Ingrid, they all say that they are trying to integrate her wisdom and her spirit and really build on the unfulfilled work of her life 's mission.And when we think about legacy.I can think of no more powerful one, despite how short her life was.And I have been touched by Cambodian women, beautiful women, women who held the traditional of the classical dance in Cambodia.And I met them in the early 90s.In the 1970s under the Pol Pot regime, the Khmer Rouge killed over a million people.And they focused and targeted the elites and the intellectuals, the artists, the dancer.And at the end of the war, there were only 30 of these classical dancers still living.And the women who I was so privileged to meet when three were there survivors, told these stories about lying in their cots in the refugee camps.They said they would trying so hard to remember the fragments of the dance, hoping that others were alive and doing the same.And one woman stood there with this perfect carriage, her hands at her side, and she talked about the reunion of the 30 after the war and how extraordinary it was.And these big tears fell down her face, but she never lifted her hands to move them.And the women decided that they would train, not the next generation of girls, because they had grown too old already but the next generation.And I set there in the studio, watching these women clapping their hands beautiful rhythms as these little fairy pixies were dancing around them, wearing these beautiful silk colors.And I thought, after all this atrocity, this is how human beings really pray.Because they are focused on honoring what is most beautiful about their past and building it into the promise of our future.And what these women understood is sometimes the most important things that we do and that we spend our time on are those things that we can not measure.I also have been touched by the dark side of power and leadership.And I have learned that power, particularly in its absolute from is an equal opportunity provider.In 1986, I moved to Rwanda, and I worked with a very small group of Rwandan women to start that country's microfinance bank.And one of the women was Agnes, there on your extreme left, she was the first three women parliamentarians in Rwanda, and her legacy should have been to be one of the mothers of Rwanda.We built this institution based on soc秒里 justice, gender equity, this idea of empowering women.But Agnes cared more about the trapping of power than she did principle at the end.And though she had been part of building a liberal party, a political party that was focused on diversity and tolerance, about three months before the genocide, she switched parties and joined the extremist party, Hutu Power.And she became the minister of justice under the genocide regime and was known for inciting men to kill faster and stop behaving like women.She was convicted of category crimes of genocide.And I would visit her in the prisons, sitting side by side, knees touching,and I would have to admit to myself that monster exist in all of us, but that maybe it is not monsters so much, but the broken parts of ourselves, sadness, secret shame, and that ultimately it is easy for demagogues to pray on those parts, those fragments, if you will.And to make us look at other beings, human beings, as lesser than ourselves, and extreme to do terrible things.And there is no group more vulnerable to those kinds of manipulations than young men.I have heard it said that the most dangerous animal on the planet is the adolescent male.And so in the gathering where we are focused on women, while it is so critical that we invest in our girls and we even the playing field and we find ways honor them,we have to remember that the girls and the women are most isolated and violated and victimized and made invisible in those very societies where our men and our boys feel disempowered, unable to provide.And that , when they sit on those street corners and all they can think of in the future is no job, no education, no possibility.Well then it is easy to understand how the greatest source of status can come from a uniform and a gun.Sometimes very small investments can release enormous, infinite potential that exists in all of us.One of the Acumen Fund fellows at my organization, Suraj Sudhakar, has what we call moral imagination, the ability to put yourself in another person 's shoes and lead from that perspective.And ha has working with this young group of men who come from the largest slum in the world, Kibera.And they are incredible guys.And together they started a book club for a hundred people in the slums.And they are reading many TED authors and liking it.And then created a business plan competition.Then they decided that they would do TEDx ' s.And I have learned so much from Chris and Kevin and Alex and Herbert and all of these young men.Alex.in some ways, said it best.He said,” We used to feel like nobodies, but now we feel like somebodies.“And I think we have it all wrong when we think that income is the link.What we really yearn for as human beings is to be visible each other.And the reason these young guys told me that they are doing these TEDx's is because they were sick and tired of the only workshop coming to the slums being those workshop focused on HIV.Or at best, microfinance.And they wanted to celebrate what is beautiful about Kibera and Mathare the photo journalists and the creatives, the graffiti artists, the teachers and the entrepreneurs.And they are doing it.And my hat's off to you in Kibera.My own work focuses on making philanthropy more effective and capitalism more inclusive.At Acumen Fund, we take philanthropic resources and we invest what we call patient capital, money that will invest in entrepreneurs who see the poor, not as passive recipients of charity, but as full-bodied agents of change who want to solve their own problems and make their own decisions.We leave our money for 10 to 15 years, and when we get it back, we invest in other innovations that focus on charge.I know it works.We have invested more than 50 million dollars in 50 companies and those companies have brought another 200 million dollars into these forgotten markets.This year alone,they have delivered 40 million services,like maternal health care and housing,emergency services,solar energy,so that people can have more dignity in solving their problems.Patient capital is uncomfortable for people searching for simple solutions,easy categories,because we do not see profit as a blunt instrument.But we find those entrepreneurs who put people and the planet before profit.And ultimately,we want to be part of a movement that is about measuring impact,measuring what is most important to us.And my dream is we will have a world one day where we do not just honor those who take money and make more money from it, but we find those individuals who take our resources and convert it into changing the world in the most positive ways.And it is only when we honor them and celebrate them and give them status that the world will really change.Last May I had this extraordinary 24 hours period where I saw two visions of the world living side-by-side,one based on violence and the other on transcendence.I happened to be in Lahore,Pakistan on the day that two mosques were attacked by suicide bombers.And the reason these mosques were attacked is because the people praying inside were from a particular sect of Islam who fundamentalists do not believe are fully Muslim.And not only did those suicide bombers take a hundred lives,but they did more,because they created more hatred,more rage,more fear and certainly despair.But less than 24 hours,I was 13 miles away from those mosques,visiting one of our Acumen investees ,and incredible man,Jawad Aslam,who dares to live a life of immersion.Born and raised in Baltimore,he studied real estate,worked in commercial real estate, and after 9//11 decided he was going to Pakistan to make a difference.For two years,he hardly made any money,a tiny stipend,but he apprenticed with this incredible housing developer named Tasneem Saddiqui.And he had a dream that he would build a housing community on this barren piece of land using patient capital,but he continued to pay a price.He stood on moral ground and refused to pay bribes.It took almost two years just to register the land.But I saw how the level of normal I standard can rise from one person 's action.Today,2000 people live in 300 houses in this beautiful community.And there is schools and clinics and shops.But there is only one mosque.And so I asked Jawad.” How do you guys navigate? This is a really diverse community.Who gets to use the mosque on Fridays?“ He said,”Long story,it was hard to,it was a difficult road,but ultimately the leaders of the community came together realizing we only have each other.And we decided that we would elect the three most respected imams, and those imams would take turns,they would rotate who would say Friday prayer.But the whole community,all the different sects,including Shia and Sunni,would sit together and pray.“ we need that kind of moral leadership and courage in our world.We face huge issues as a world,the financial orisis,global warming and this growing sense of fear and otherness.And everyday we have a choice.We can take the easier road,the more cynical road,which is a road based on sometimes dreams of a past that never really was,a fear of each other,distancing and blame,or we can take the much different path of transformation,transcendence,compassion and love,but also accountability and justice.I had the great honor of working with the child psychologist Dr.Robert Coles who stood up for change during the Civil Rights movement in the United States, and he tells this incredible story about working with a little six year-old girl named Ruby Bridges,the first child to desegragate schools in the South,in this case New or Orleans.And he said that every day this six year-old,dressed in her beautiful dress would walk with real grace through a phalanx of white people screaming angrily,calling her a monster threatening to poison her distorted faces.And everyday he would watch her,and it looked like she was talking to the people.And he would say,” Ruby,what are you saying?“ And she would say,” I am not talking.“ and finally he said:”Ruby, I see that you are talking.What are you saying?“ and she said:”Dr.Coles,I am not talking.I am praying...“ And he said,”Well,what are you praying?“ And she said,”I am praying,Father forgive them for they know not what they are doing.? At age six, this child was living a life of immersion.And her family paid a price for it.But she became part of history and open up this idea that all of us should have access to education.My final story is about a young beautiful man named Josephat Byaruhange who was another Acumen Fund fellow who hails from Uganda,a farming community.And we placed him in a company in Western Kenya,just 200 miles away.Had he said to me at the end of his year,“Jacqueline,it was so humbling,because I thought as a farmer and as an Afiican I would understand how to transcend culture.But especially when I was talking to the African women.I sometimes made these mistakes, it was so hard for me to learn how to listen.” And he said,“So I conclude that ,in many ways,leadership is like a panicle of rice.Because at the height of the season,at the height of its powers,it is beautiful,it is green,it nourishes the world,it reached to the heavens.” And he said,“But right before the harvest,it bands over with great gratitude and humility to touch the earth from where it came.” we need leaders, we ourselves need to lead from a place that has the audacity to believe we can ourselves extend the fundamental assumtion that all men are created equal to everyman,woman and child on this planet.And we need to have the humility to recognize that we can not do it alone.Robert Kenn once said that“ few of us have the greatness to bend history itself,but each of us can work to change a small portion of events, and it is in the total of all those acts that the history of this generation will be written.” our lives are so short,and our time on this planet is so precious,and all we have is each other.So may each of you live lives of immersion.They would not necessarily to be easy lives,but in the end,it is all that will sustain us.Thank you.

第五篇：TED英語演講稿

01.Remember to say thank you

Hi.I'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine.And the way I got interested in this was, I noticed in myself, when I was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that I would want to say thank you to someone, I would want to praise them, I would want to take in their praise of me and I'd just stop it.And I asked myself, why? I felt shy, I felt embarrassed.And then my question became, am I the only one who does this? So, I decided to investigate.I'm fortunate enough to work in the rehab facility, so I get to see people who are facing life and death with addiction.And sometimes it comes down to something as simple as, their core wound is their father died without ever saying he's proud of them.But then, they hear from all the family and friends that the father told everybody else that he was proud of him, but he never told the son.It's because he didn't know that his son needed to hear it.So my question is, why don't we ask for the things that we need? I know a gentleman, married for 25 years, who's longing to hear his wife say, “Thank you for being the breadwinner, so I can stay home with the kids,” but won't ask.I know a woman who's good at this.She, once a week, meets with her husband and says, “I'd really like you to thank me for all these things I did in the house and with the kids.” And he goes, “Oh, this is great, this is great.” And praise really does have to be genuine, but she takes responsibility for that.And a friend of mine, April, who I've had since kindergarten, she thanks her children for doing their chores.And she said, “Why wouldn't I thank it, even though they're supposed to do it?”

So, the question is, why was I blocking it? Why were other people blocking it? Why can I say, “I'll take my steak medium rare, I need size six shoes,” but I won't say, “Would you praise me this way?” And it's because I'm giving you critical data about me.I'm telling you where I'm insecure.I'm telling you where I need your help.And I'm treating you, my inner circle, like you're the enemy.Because what can you do with that data? You could neglect me.You could abuse it.Or you could actually meet my need.And I took my bike into the bike store--I love this--same bike, and they'd do something called “truing” the wheels.The guy said, “You know, when you true the wheels, it's going to make the bike so much better.” I get the same bike back, and they've taken all the little warps out of those same wheels I've had for two and a half years, and my bike is like new.So, I'm going to challenge all of you.I want you to true your wheels: be honest about the praise that you need to hear.What do you need to hear? Go home to your wife--go ask her, what does she need? Go home to your husband--what does he need? Go home and ask those questions, and then help the people around you.And it's simple.And why should we care about this? We talk about world peace.How can we have world peace with different cultures, different languages? I think it starts household by household, under the same roof.So, let's make it right in our own backyard.And I want to thank all of you in the audience for being great husbands, great mothers, friends, daughters, sons.And maybe somebody's never said that to you, but you've done a really, really good job.And thank you for being here, just showing up and changing the world with your ideas.02.The benefits of a bilingual brain

?Hablas espa?ol? Parlez-vous fran?ais? ni hui shuo zhong wen ma? If you answered “si”,”oui” or ”hui” and you are watching this in English, chances are you belong to the world bilingual and multilingual majority.And besides having an easier time traveling, or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages means that your brain may actually look and work differently than those of your monolingual friends.So what does it really mean to know a language?

Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two passive parts, listening and reading.While a balanced bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages, most bilinguals around the world know and use their languages in vary proportions.And depending on their situation and how they acquired each language, they can be classified into three general types.For example, let’s take Gabriella, whose family immigrates to the US from Peru when she was two-years old.As a compound bilingual, Gabriella develops two linguistic codes simultaneously, with a single set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish as she begins to process the world around her.Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, while continuing to speak Spanish at home and with friends.Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a secondary language by filtering it through their primary language.Because all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language regardless of accent and pronunciation, the difference may not be apparent to be a casual observer.But recent advances in imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split.The fact that language involves both types of functions while lateralization develops gradually with age, has lead to the critical period hypothesis.According to this theory, children learn languages more easily because the plasticity of their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left.If this is true, learning a language in childhood may give you a more holistic grasp of its social and emotional contexts.Conversely, recent research showed that people who learned a second language in adulthood exhibit less emotional bias and a more rational approach when confronting problems in the second language than their native one.But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some remarkable advantages.Some of these are even visible, such higher density of the gray matter that contains most of your brain’s neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language.The heightened workout a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimers and Dementia by as much as 5 years.The idea of major cognitive benefits to bilingualism may seem intuitive now, but it would have surprised earlier experts.Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the child’s development by forcing them to spend them too much energy distinguishing between languages, a view based largely on flawed studies.And while a more recent study did show that reaction times and errors increase for some bilingual students in cross-language tests, it also showed that the effort and attention needed to switch between languages triggered more activity in, and potentially strengthened, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.This is the part of brain that plays a large role in executive function, problem solving, switching between tasks, and focusing while filtering out irrelevant information.So, while bilingual may not necessarily make you smarter, it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from, ”Hello,” to “Hola”, ”Bonjour” or “ninhao’s” because when it comes to our brains a little exercise can go a long way.03.Feats of memory anyone can do

I'd like to invite you to close your eyes.Imagine yourself standing outside the front door of your home.I'd like you to notice the color of the door, the material that it's made out of.Now visualize a pack of overweight nudists on bicycles.They are competing in a naked bicycle race, and they are headed straight for your front door.I need you to actually see this.They are pedaling really hard, they're sweaty, they're bouncing around a lot.And they crash straight into the front door of your home.Bicycles fly everywhere, wheels roll past you, spokes end up in awkward places.Step over the threshold of your door into your foyer, your hallway, whatever's on the other side, and appreciate the quality of the light.The light is shining down on Cookie Monster.Cookie Monster is waving at you from his perch on top of a tan horse.It's a talking horse.You can practically feel his blue fur tickling your nose.You can smell the oatmeal raisin cookie that he's about to shovel into his mouth.Walk past him.Walk past him into your living room.In your living room, in full imaginative broadband, picture Britney Spears.She is scantily clad, she's dancing on your coffee table, and she's singing “Hit Me Baby One More Time.” And then, follow me into your kitchen.In your kitchen, the floor has been paved over with a yellow brick road, and out of your oven are coming towards you Dorothy, the Tin Man, the Scarecrow and the Lion from “The Wizard of Oz,” hand-in-hand, skipping straight towards you.Okay.Open your eyes.I want to tell you about a very bizarre contest that is held every spring in New York City.It's called the United States Memory Championship.And I had gone to cover this contest a few years back as a science journalist, expecting, I guess, that this was going to be like the Superbowl of savants.This was a bunch of guys and a few ladies, widely varying in both age and hygienic upkeep.They were memorizing hundreds of random numbers, looking at them just once.They were memorizing the names of dozens and dozens and dozens of strangers.They were memorizing entire poems in just a few minutes.They were competing to see who could memorize the order of a shuffled pack of playing cards the fastest.I was like, this is unbelievable.These people must be freaks of nature.And I started talking to a few of the competitors.This is a guy called Ed Cook, who had come over from England, where he had one of the best-trained memories.And I said to him, “Ed, when did you realize that you were a savant?” And Ed was like, “I'm not a savant.In fact, I have just an average memory.Everybody who competes in this contest will tell you that they have just an average memory.We've all trained ourselves to perform these utterly miraculous feats of memory using a set of ancient techniques, techniques invented 2,500 years ago in Greece, the same techniques that Cicero had used to memorize his speeches, that medieval scholars had used to memorize entire books.” And I said, “Whoa.How come I never heard of this before?”

And we were standing outside the competition hall, and Ed, who is a wonderful, brilliant, but somewhat eccentric English guy, says to me, “Josh, you're an American journalist.Do you know Britney Spears?” I'm like, “What? No.Why?” “Because I really want to teach Britney Spears how to memorize the order of a shuffled pack of playing cards on U.S.national television.It will prove to the world that anybody can do this.”

I was like, “Well, I'm not Britney Spears, but maybe you could teach me.I mean, you've got to start somewhere, right?” And that was the beginning of a very strange journey for me.I ended up spending the better part of the next year not only training my memory, but also investigating it, trying to understand how it works, why it sometimes doesn't work, and what its potential might be.And I met a host of really interesting people.This is a guy called E.P.He's an amnesic who had, very possibly, the worst memory in the world.His memory was so bad, that he didn't even remember he had a memory problem, which is amazing.And he was this incredibly tragic figure, but he was a window into the extent to which our memories make us who we are.At the other end of the spectrum, I met this guy.This is Kim Peek, he was the basis for Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie “Rain Man.” We spent an afternoon together in the Salt Lake City Public Library memorizing phone books, which was scintillating.And I went back and I read a whole host of memory treatises, treatises written 2,000-plus years ago in Latin, in antiquity, and then later, in the Middle Ages.And I learned a whole bunch of really interesting stuff.One of the really interesting things that I learned is that once upon a time, this idea of having a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory was not nearly so alien as it would seem to us to be today.Once upon a time, people invested in their memories, in laboriously furnishing their minds.Over the last few millenia, we've invented a series of technologies--from the alphabet, to the scroll, to the codex, the printing press, photography, the computer, the smartphone--that have made it progressively easier and easier for us to externalize our memories, for us to essentially outsource this fundamental human capacity.These technologies have made our modern world possible, but they've also changed us.They've changed us culturally, and I would argue that they've changed us cognitively.Having little need to remember anymore, it sometimes seems like we've forgotten how.One of the last places on Earth where you still find people passionate about this idea of a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory, is at this totally singular memory contest.It's actually not that singular, there are contests held all over the world.And I was fascinated, I wanted to know how do these guys do it.A few years back a group of researchers at University College London brought a bunch of memory champions into the lab.They wanted to know: Do these guys have brains that are somehow structurally, anatomically different from the rest of ours? The answer was no.Are they smarter than the rest of us? They gave them a bunch of cognitive tests, and the answer was: not really.There was, however, one really interesting and telling difference between the brains of the memory champions and the control subjects that they were comparing them to.When they put these guys in an fMRI machine, scanned their brains while they were memorizing numbers and people's faces and pictures of snowflakes, they found that the memory champions were lighting up different parts of the brain than everyone else.Of note, they were using, or they seemed to be using, a part of the brain that's involved in spatial memory and navigation.Why? And is there something that the rest of us can learn from this?

The sport of competitive memorizing is driven by a kind of arms race where, every year, somebody comes up with a new way to remember more stuff more quickly, and then the rest of the field has to play catch-up.This is my friend Ben Pridmore, three-time world memory champion.On his desk in front of him are 36 shuffled packs of playing cards that he is about to try to memorize in one hour, using a technique that he invented and he alone has mastered.He used a similar technique to memorize the precise order of 4,140 random binary digits in half an hour.Yeah.And while there are a whole host of ways of remembering stuff in these competitions, everything, all of the techniques that are being used, ultimately come down to a concept that psychologists refer to as “elaborative encoding.”

And it's well-illustrated by a nifty paradox known as the Baker/baker paradox, which goes like this: If I tell two people to remember the same word, if I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy named Baker.” That's his name.And I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy who is a baker.” Okay? And I come back to you at some point later on, and I say, “Do you remember that word that I told you a while back? Do you remember what it was?” The person who was told his name is Baker is less likely to remember the same word than the person was told his job is a baker.Same word, different amount of remembering;that's weird.What's going on here?

Well, the name Baker doesn't actually mean anything to you.It is entirely untethered from all of the other memories floating around in your skull.But the common noun “baker”--we know bakers.Bakers wear funny white hats.Bakers have flour on their hands.Bakers smell good when they come home from work.Maybe we even know a baker.And when we first hear that word, we start putting these associational hooks into it, that make it easier to fish it back out at some later date.The entire art of what is going on in these memory contests, and the entire art of remembering stuff better in everyday life, is figuring out ways to transform capital B Bakers into lower-case B bakers--to take information that is lacking in context, in significance, in meaning, and transform it in some way, so that it becomes meaningful in the light of all the other things that you have in your mind.One of the more elaborate techniques for doing this dates back 2,500 years to Ancient Greece.It came to be known as the memory palace.The story behind its creation goes like this:

There was a poet called Simonides, who was attending a banquet.He was actually the hired entertainment, because back then, if you wanted to throw a really slamming party, you didn't hire a D.J., you hired a poet.And he stands up, delivers his poem from memory, walks out the door, and at the moment he does, the banquet hall collapses.Kills everybody inside.It doesn't just kill everybody, it mangles the bodies beyond all recognition.Nobody can say who was inside, nobody can say where they were sitting.The bodies can't be properly buried.It's one tragedy compounding another.Simonides, standing outside, the sole survivor amid the wreckage, closes his eyes and has this realization, which is that in his mind's eye, he can see where each of the guests at the banquet had been sitting.And he takes the relatives by the hand, and guides them each to their loved ones amid the wreckage.What Simonides figured out at that moment, is something that I think we all kind of intuitively know, which is that, as bad as we are at remembering names and phone numbers, and word-for-word instructions from our colleagues, we have really exceptional visual and spatial memories.If I asked you to recount the first 10 words of the story that I just told you about Simonides, chances are you would have a tough time with it.But, I would wager that if I asked you to recall who is sitting on top of a talking tan horse in your foyer right now, you would be able to see that.The idea behind the memory palace is to create this imagined edifice in your mind's eye, and populate it with images of the things that you want to remember--the crazier, weirder, more bizarre, funnier, raunchier, stinkier the image is, the more unforgettable it's likely to be.This is advice that goes back 2,000-plus years to the earliest Latin memory treatises.So how does this work? Let's say that you've been invited to TED center stage to give a speech, and you want to do it from memory, and you want to do it the way that Cicero would have done it, if he had been invited to TEDxRome 2,000 years ago.What you might do is picture yourself at the front door of your house.And you'd come up with some sort of crazy, ridiculous, unforgettable image, to remind you that the first thing you want to talk about is this totally bizarre contest.And then you'd go inside your house, and you would see an image of Cookie Monster on top of Mister Ed.And that would remind you that you would want to then introduce your friend Ed Cook.And then you'd see an image of Britney Spears to remind you of this funny anecdote you want to tell.And you'd go into your kitchen, and the fourth topic you were going to talk about was this strange journey that you went on for a year, and you'd have some friends to help you remember that.This is how Roman orators memorized their speeches--not word-for-word, which is just going to screw you up, but topic-for-topic.In fact, the phrase “topic sentence”--that comes from the Greek word “topos,” which means “place.” That's a vestige of when people used to think about oratory and rhetoric in these sorts of spatial terms.The phrase “in the first place,” that's like “in the first place of your memory palace.”

I thought this was just fascinating, and I got really into it.And I went to a few more of these memory contests, and I had this notion that I might write something longer about this subculture of competitive memorizers.But there was a problem.The problem was that a memory contest is a pathologically boring event.Truly, it is like a bunch of people sitting around taking the SATs--I mean, the most dramatic it gets is when somebody starts massaging their temples.And I'm a journalist, I need something to write about.I know that there's incredible stuff happening in these people's minds, but I don't have access to it.And I realized, if I was going to tell this story, I needed to walk in their shoes a little bit.And so I started trying to spend 15 or 20 minutes every morning, before I sat down with my New York Times, just trying to remember something.Maybe it was a poem, maybe it was names from an old yearbook that I bought at a flea market.And I found that this was shockingly fun.I never would have expected that.It was fun because this is actually not about training your memory.What you're doing, is you're trying to get better and better at creating, at dreaming up, these utterly ludicrous, raunchy, hilarious, and hopefully unforgettable images in your mind's eye.And I got pretty into it.This is me wearing my standard competitive memorizer's training kit.It's a pair of earmuffs and a set of safety goggles that have been masked over except for two small pinholes, because distraction is the competitive memorizer's greatest enemy.I ended up coming back to that same contest that I had covered a year earlier, and I had this notion that I might enter it, sort of as an experiment in participatory journalism.It'd make, I thought, maybe a nice epilogue to all my research.Problem was, the experiment went haywire.I won the contest--which really wasn't supposed to happen.Now, it is nice to be able to memorize speeches and phone numbers and shopping lists, but it's actually kind of beside the point.These are just tricks.They work because they're based on some pretty basic principles about how our brains work.And you don't have to be building memory palaces or memorizing packs of playing cards to benefit from a little bit of insight about how your mind works.We often talk about people with great memories as though it were some sort of an innate gift, but that is not the case.Great memories are learned.At the most basic level, we remember when we pay attention.We remember when we are deeply engaged.We remember when we are able to take a piece of information and experience, and figure out why it is meaningful to us, why it is significant, why it's colorful, when we're able to transform it in some way that makes sense in the light of all of the other things floating around in our minds, when we're able to transform Bakers into bakers.The memory palace, these memory techniques--they're just shortcuts.In fact, they're not even really shortcuts.They work because they make you work.They force a kind of depth of processing, a kind of mindfulness, that most of us don't normally walk around exercising.But there actually are no shortcuts.This is how stuff is made memorable.And I think if there's one thing that I want to leave you with, it's what E.P., the amnesic who couldn't even remember he had a memory problem, left me with, which is the notion that our lives are the sum of our memories.How much are we willing to lose from our already short lives, by losing ourselves in our Blackberries, our iPhones, by not paying attention to the human being across from us who is talking with us, by being so lazy that we're not willing to process deeply?

I learned firsthand that there are incredible memory capacities latent in all of us.But if you want to live a memorable life, you have to be the kind of person who remembers to remember.Thank you.01.請別忘記感謝身邊的人

嗨。我在這里要和大家談?wù)勏騽e人表達(dá)贊美，傾佩和謝意的重要性。并使它們聽來真誠，具體。

之所以我對此感興趣是因?yàn)槲覐奈易约旱某砷L中注意到幾年前，當(dāng)我想要對某個人說聲謝謝時，當(dāng)我想要贊美他們時，當(dāng)我想接受他們對我的贊揚(yáng)，但我卻沒有說出口。我問我自己，這是為什么？我感到害羞，我感到尷尬。接著我產(chǎn)生了一個問題難道我是唯一一個這么做的人嗎？所以我決定做些探究。

我非常幸運(yùn)的在一家康復(fù)中心工作，所以我可以看到那些因?yàn)樯习a而面臨生與死的人。有時候這一切可以非常簡單地歸結(jié)為，他們最核心的創(chuàng)傷來自于他們父親到死都未說過“他為他們而自豪”。但他們從所有其它家庭或朋友那里得知他的父親告訴其他人為他感到自豪，但這個父親從沒告訴過他兒子。因?yàn)樗恢浪膬鹤有枰牭竭@一切。

因此我的問題是，為什么我們不索求我們需要的東西呢？我認(rèn)識一個結(jié)婚25年的男士渴望聽到他妻子說，“感謝你為這個家在外賺錢，這樣我才能在家陪伴著孩子，”但他從來不去問。我認(rèn)識一個精于此道的女士。每周一次，她見到丈夫后會說，“我真的希望你為我對這個家和孩子們付出的努力而感謝我?！彼麜?yīng)和到“哦，真是太棒了，真是太棒了。”贊揚(yáng)別人一定要真誠，但她對贊美承擔(dān)了責(zé)任。一個從我上幼兒園就一直是朋友的叫April的人，她會感謝她的孩子們做了家務(wù)。她說：“為什么我不表示感謝呢，即使他們本來就要做那些事情？”

因此我的問題是，為什么我不說呢？為什么其它人不說呢？為什么我能說：“我要一塊中等厚度的牛排，我需要6號尺寸的鞋子，”但我卻不能說：“你可以贊揚(yáng)我嗎？”因?yàn)檫@會使我把我的重要信息與你分享。會讓我告訴了你我內(nèi)心的不安。會讓你認(rèn)為我需要你的幫助。雖然你是我最貼心的人，我卻把你當(dāng)作是敵人。你會用我托付給你的重要信息做些什么呢？你可以忽視我。你可以濫用它。或者你可以滿足我的要求。

我把我的自行車拿到車行－－我喜歡這么做－－同樣的自行車，他們會對車輪做整形。那里的人說：“當(dāng)你對車輪做整形時，它會使自行車變成更好?！蔽野堰@輛自行車拿回來，他們把有小小彎曲的鐵絲從輪子上拿走這輛車我用了2年半，現(xiàn)在還像新的一樣。所以我要問在場的所有人，我希望你們把你們的車輪整形一下：真誠面對對你們想聽到的贊美。你們想聽到什么呢？回家問問你們的妻子，她想聽到什么？回家問問你們的丈夫，他想聽到什么？回家問問這些問題，并幫助身邊的人實(shí)現(xiàn)它們。

非常簡單。為什么要關(guān)心這個呢？我們談?wù)撌澜绾推健Ｎ覀冊趺从貌煌奈幕?，不同的語言來保持世界和平？我想要從每個小家庭開始。所以讓我們在家里就把這件事情做好。我想要感謝所有在這里的人們因?yàn)槟銈兪呛谜煞颍媚赣H，好伙伴，好女兒和好兒子?；蛟S有些人從沒跟你們說過但你們已經(jīng)做得非常非常得出色了。感謝你們來到這里，向世界顯示著你們的智慧，并用它們改變著世界。

02.雙語能力對大腦的益處驚人

你會說中文嗎？如果你能回答“si”、“oui”或者“是的”，而且能看懂這個英文短片，那么你就跟世界上很多人一樣、具備雙語能力或是多語能力。除了旅游時溝通比較方便、看電影不需要字幕這些好處之外，通曉兩種或者三種以上的語言，意味著你的大腦在結(jié)構(gòu)上或運(yùn)作上與你那些單一語言的朋友有著明顯的不同。所以到底什么才能算通曉一門語言呢？

衡量語言能力，主要包含兩個主動部分——說和寫，和兩個被動部分——聽和讀。雖然一個出色的雙語者對于兩種語言都有著相近的使用能力，但是大多數(shù)的雙語者對兩個語種的認(rèn)知和使用能力是有差異的。根據(jù)個人所處的環(huán)境以及他們具體學(xué)語言的方法，雙語者通常可以分成三類。

舉個例子來說，Gabriella在兩歲時跟著家人由秘魯移民到美國。她屬于復(fù)合型雙語者，Gabriella在剛接觸這個世界時就同時學(xué)英語和西班牙語，所以給她一個概念、她的大腦就能同時喚起兩種語言信號。她有一個十幾歲的哥哥，則屬于協(xié)調(diào)型雙語使用者，他運(yùn)用兩種不同的概念，一方面在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)英語，另一方面用西班牙語和家人、朋友交流。

最后，Gabriella的父母，則屬于從屬型雙語者。當(dāng)他們學(xué)習(xí)外語（英語）時，需要通過母語進(jìn)行翻譯再進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。

如果不考慮口音和發(fā)音問題，這三種類型的雙語者至少都算能精通一門語言。因此，一般人很難發(fā)現(xiàn)這三種類型的差異。然而現(xiàn)在，由于大腦成像技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步，神經(jīng)語言學(xué)家能夠知道語言學(xué)習(xí)對雙語使用者的大腦產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響。

大家都知道，大腦的左半球是掌管數(shù)據(jù)和邏輯分析的，而大腦的右半球則掌管情感與社交，但這并不是絕對的、只是比例多少的問題。

語言同時包括了左腦和右腦的功能，而隨著年齡的增長，大腦的功能會逐漸側(cè)重其中的一邊，語言學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵時期假說就是由這個事實(shí)引申出來的。根據(jù)這個理論，兒童學(xué)習(xí)語言更容易，是因?yàn)樗麄兊拇竽X仍在發(fā)展、可塑性更強(qiáng)，他們可以同時調(diào)用左右兩邊大腦的機(jī)能來學(xué)習(xí)語言；然而多數(shù)成年人只通過大腦的一邊（通常是左腦）學(xué)習(xí)語言。

如果這個假說是真的，那么在兒童時期學(xué)習(xí)語言可以讓你對其社會和情感內(nèi)涵有著更整體的把握。另一方面，近期的研究表明，成年人學(xué)習(xí)外語時的情緒性偏見沒那么多，同時相比于母語環(huán)境，他們在外語環(huán)境中遇到問題時也更為理性。

無論如何，當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言時，多語能力都會給你的大腦帶來明顯的好處。有些好處甚至是可視化的，比如大腦灰白質(zhì)的密度增加，那里包含了大多數(shù)的神經(jīng)元和突觸，而且在學(xué)習(xí)外語時，大腦的部分區(qū)域會變得更加活躍。雙語者的大腦可以持續(xù)不斷地接收強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，這能讓一些病癥（如阿茲海默癡呆癥和失智癥）的發(fā)作推遲至5年以后。

雙語能力對認(rèn)知能力的有所幫助在現(xiàn)代來看是很好理解的，但是過去的專家一定會對這個觀點(diǎn)大吃一驚。在1960年之前，人們認(rèn)為使用雙語對于兒童的成長來說是一種障礙，因?yàn)檫@需要兒童花費(fèi)精力去分辨別不同語言，這種觀點(diǎn)的產(chǎn)生源自有瑕疵的研究方法。

最新的研究的確顯示，在跨語言測驗(yàn)當(dāng)中，使用雙語的學(xué)生的反應(yīng)時間與錯誤次數(shù)增加了；同時也表明，學(xué)生需要花費(fèi)更多的努力和注意力進(jìn)行語言的轉(zhuǎn)換，這也使得前額葉腦區(qū)更加活躍、進(jìn)而強(qiáng)化其機(jī)能。前額葉腦區(qū)主要影響執(zhí)行、解決問題、多任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換、集中注意力、排除無關(guān)信息的能力。

雖然學(xué)習(xí)雙語不一定能讓你更聰明，但是它可以讓你的大腦更加健康、多元和活躍。即使你在年幼時沒有機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)第二語言，但是現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)永遠(yuǎn)不會太晚。從現(xiàn)在開始學(xué)一門外語吧，把“hello”轉(zhuǎn)換成“Hola”、“Bonjour”、“你好”(本文作者母語為英語)等外語問候，即使只是小小的訓(xùn)練，也能對大腦有所幫助。03.每個人都能掌握的記憶技巧

請大家跟我一起閉上眼睛，象一下。

你站在，自己家門口的外面，請留心一下門的顏色，以及門的材質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在請想象一群超重的裸騎者，正在進(jìn)行一場裸體自行車賽，向你的前門直沖而來，盡量讓畫面想象得栩栩如生近在眼前，他們都在奮力地踩腳踏板汗流浹背，路面非常顛簸，然后徑直撞進(jìn)了你家前門，自行車四下飛散車輪從你身旁滾過，輻條扎進(jìn)了各種尷尬角落，跨過門檻，進(jìn)到門廳、走廊和門里的其他地方，室內(nèi)光線柔和舒適，光線灑在甜餅怪物身上，他坐在一匹棕色駿馬的馬背上，正向你招手，這匹馬會說話，你可以感覺到他的藍(lán)色鬃毛讓你鼻子發(fā)癢，你可以聞到他正要扔進(jìn)嘴里的葡萄燕麥曲奇的香氣，繞過他繞過他走進(jìn)客廳，站在客廳里把你的想象力調(diào)到最大檔，想象小甜甜布蘭妮，她衣著暴露在你咖啡桌上跳舞，并唱著“Hit Me Baby One More Time”，接下來跟著我走進(jìn)你的廚房，廚房的地面被一道黃磚路覆蓋，依次鉆出你的烤箱向你走來的是，《綠野仙蹤》里的多蘿西鐵皮人，稻草人和獅子，他們手挽著手蹦蹦跳跳地向你走來，好了睜開眼睛吧，我要給你們講一個每年春天在紐約，都會舉辦的奇異競賽，叫做全美記憶冠軍賽，幾年前我作為一名科技類記者，去報道這項(xiàng)競賽，心里想著大概那兒得像，怪才的“超級碗冠軍賽”一樣熱鬧吧，一大堆男人和屈指可數(shù)的女性，從小孩兒到老人有些還不怎么注意個人衛(wèi)生，有的奮力在只看一次的情況下，記下上百個任意列出的數(shù)字，有的在努力記住成群的陌生人的名字，有的想在幾分鐘內(nèi)努力背下整篇詩歌，還有的在比賽誰能以最快速度，記下一整副打亂的牌的順序，我當(dāng)時覺得這太不可思議了，這些人肯定天賦異稟。

所以我開始采訪參賽者，這位叫Ed Cook，是從英格蘭來的，他在那兒接受了最好的記憶訓(xùn)練，我問他 “Ed 你是什么時候開始意識到，自己是記憶天才的?”，Ed答道“我并不是什么專家，其實(shí)我的記憶力很一般，來參賽的每一個人，都會告訴你他們的記憶力只是一般水平，我們都在訓(xùn)練自己后才能，完成這些奇跡般的記憶游戲，我們運(yùn)用了一系列古老的技巧，這些技巧是希臘人在兩千五百年前發(fā)明的，西塞羅正是用了這些技巧，來記憶他的演講稿的，中世紀(jì)學(xué)者用這種技巧來背誦正本書籍的內(nèi)容“，我驚訝不已 ”哇噻怎么我從來沒聽說過呢?“，我們站在競技大廳外，聰明過人令人驚嘆，而又稍有些古怪的英國人Ed，對我說 ”Josh 你是個美國記者，你知道小甜甜布蘭妮吧?”，我茫然不解 “什么? 當(dāng)然為什么要問這個?”，“因?yàn)槲艺娴暮芟朐?，美國國家電臺上教會布蘭妮，怎樣記住一整副打亂的牌的順序，就能證明這是人人都可以做到的了“，我說 ”雖然我不是布蘭妮，但你也可以教教我呀，總得找個人開教嘛不是嗎?“，接著一段非常奇特的歷程在我面前展開了序幕，結(jié)果第二年的大部分時間，我都花在了訓(xùn)練自己的記憶力，同時調(diào)查研究記憶上，我想嘗試?yán)斫猱a(chǎn)生記憶的原理，為何有時會記了又忘，及其它到底隱藏著什么樣的潛力，途中我遇到了很多有趣的人，其中一個叫E.P.，他患有健忘癥他的記憶力，恐怕是世界上最差的了，他的記憶能力差到，甚至記不得自己有健忘癥，真的很神奇，雖然他是個悲劇角色，但通過他我們能了解到，記憶在何種程度上塑造了我們的人格，情況的另一個極端是我遇到了這樣一個人，他叫Kim Peek，他是Dustin Hoffman在電影《雨人》里的角色的原型，我和他花了一下午，在鹽湖城公共圖書館里背電話簿，讓我大開眼界，回家后我讀了許多關(guān)于記憶的論文，寫于兩千多年前的論文，用拉丁文寫的從古代，一直到后來中世紀(jì)期間，我學(xué)到很多很有意思的事兒，其中一個就是，曾經(jīng)，訓(xùn)練規(guī)束培養(yǎng)記憶力的這種概念，完全不像如今那樣陌生，曾幾何時人們寄希望于自己的記憶，能不遺余力地裝飾自己的心靈，近幾千年來，人類發(fā)明了一系列技術(shù)，從字母表到卷軸，到法典印刷機(jī)攝影技術(shù)，電腦智能手機(jī)，讓我們能越來越輕松地，外化記憶能力，讓我們從根本上，把這種基礎(chǔ)的人類能力拱手讓出，這些技術(shù)讓現(xiàn)代生活變?yōu)榭赡?，但同時也改變了我們，不僅在文化上，我覺得也在認(rèn)知上，不再需要費(fèi)勁去記憶，有時會覺得我們已經(jīng)忘了如何去記憶，在這片地球上已經(jīng)很少有地方，能讓你覺得人們?nèi)詿嶂杂?，?xùn)練規(guī)束培養(yǎng)記憶力了，那非同尋常的記憶大賽算是一個，其實(shí)它也沒有那么非同尋常，世界各地都開始舉辦這樣的競賽，我對此深深著迷想要知道這些人是怎么做到的，幾年前倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的一組研究人員，請來一批記憶大賽的冠軍接受研究，他們想要弄明白，這些人的大腦，是否跟我們其他人在解剖學(xué)上的結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣?，答案是否定的，那他們比我們都聰明嗎?，他們給研究對象實(shí)施了一系列認(rèn)知測試，依舊得出了否定結(jié)論，但對比受控制的比對目標(biāo)的大腦，記憶大賽冠軍們的大腦，確實(shí)有一處很有趣的不同很說明問題，這些人被送去做功能磁共振，掃描大腦時，當(dāng)他們在記憶數(shù)字或人臉或雪花圖案時，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶大賽冠軍們，的大腦激活的區(qū)域，跟普通人不太一樣，值得注意的是他們看來是在用，腦中在空間記憶和導(dǎo)航時會用到的部分，為什么? 我們可以從中得出什么樣的結(jié)論呢?，競爭性記憶的較量，被一種類似軍事比賽的方式推向了白熱化，每年都會有人，帶著更有效的記憶方法現(xiàn)身賽場，而其他人就必須迎頭趕上，這是我的朋友Ben Pridmore，贏得過三次國際記憶大賽冠軍，在他的臺前，有三十六副打亂順序的牌，他要在一個小時內(nèi)記下全部，用的是一種他自己發(fā)明的也只有他會的技巧，用與此類似的方法，他曾一字不差地背下了，4140個任意排列的二進(jìn)制數(shù)，只用了半個小時，很牛吧，參賽者在這些競賽中，運(yùn)用過很多不同的記憶方法，各式各樣被運(yùn)用到的所有技巧，最終都能歸化為一個概念，心理學(xué)家稱之為”精細(xì)編碼“，這個概念能用一則幽默的悖論完美詮釋，叫做Baker/baker悖論，簡單說來就是，假設(shè)我讓兩個人去記同一個詞，我跟你說，”記住有個人叫Baker“，Baker是人名，我又來告訴你 ”記住有個人是面包師(baker)“，過了一段時間我又回來找到你們，問 ”還記得我之前，叫你們記住的那個詞嗎?“，”還記得是什么詞嗎?“，被告知人名是Baker的人，記住這個詞的可能性遠(yuǎn)不如，被告知職業(yè)是面包師的那個人，同樣的詞導(dǎo)致不同的記憶程度，到底是為什么呢，是因?yàn)槿嗣鸅aker沒有任何特殊含義，沒法跟你腦海里，零碎繁雜的記憶產(chǎn)生任何聯(lián)系，但是面包師(baker)作為一個常用名詞，我們都知道面包師是什么，面包師帶著搞笑的白帽子，他們手上沾滿了面粉，他們下班回到家?guī)е鴵浔堑目久姘?，甚至可能有些人有朋友就是面包師，我們初次聽到這個詞時，馬上就會產(chǎn)生各種各樣的聯(lián)想，這使我們能在一段時間后還能回憶起來，其實(shí)要理解記憶競賽中的，一切奧妙，或在日常生活中改善記憶力的秘訣，僅僅在于想辦法把Baker中的大寫B(tài)，變?yōu)槊姘鼛?baker)中的小寫b，把沒有前因后果，沒有重要性沒有涵義的信息，用某種方法轉(zhuǎn)化為，有意義的內(nèi)容，跟腦海里的其他記憶串聯(lián)起來，這種精確記憶的技巧，在兩千五百年前的古希臘就已出現(xiàn)，后來將其稱為記憶宮殿，發(fā)明這種技巧的過程如下，有個叫做Simonides的詩人，他要去參加一個晚宴，其實(shí)他算是被請去做表演嘉賓的，因?yàn)樵谀莻€年代炫酷派對的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不是請D.J.來打碟而是要請?jiān)娙藖眄炘?，他站起來背出了他的全篇詩作然后瀟灑離去，他剛走出門口晚宴大廳就塌了，砸死了里面所有的人，不僅全體死亡，所有的死者都被砸得面目全非，沒人說得清死者都有些誰，沒人說得清誰坐在哪兒，導(dǎo)致死者的尸體沒法得到合適的殉葬安置，這又加重了整件事的悲劇色彩，Simonides站在外面，作為廢墟中的唯一幸存者，閉上眼睛猛然意識到，在他的腦海中，他眼前出現(xiàn)了所有賓客所坐的位置，他就牽著親屬們的手，穿過廢墟把他們帶到了親人身邊，Simonides當(dāng)時猛然醒悟的事，大概我們大家也都猜到了，其實(shí)是不管我們，有多不善于記住姓名電話號碼，或是同事的每句指令，我們都擁有異常敏銳的視覺或空間記憶能力，要是我讓你們逐字逐句地重述，我剛才講的Simonides故事的前十個字，應(yīng)該沒幾個人會記得，但我敢打賭，如果我讓你們現(xiàn)在回想下，在你的門廳里坐在會講話的棕色駿馬上的，是誰，你們就明白我剛才說的意思了，記憶宮殿的原理，就是在你的腦海里建立一棟想象大廈，并讓你想記住的東西，的影像充滿其中，越是瘋狂古怪奇詭，荒誕搞笑亂七八糟招人厭惡的影像，就越容易記住，這個建議來自于兩千多年前，拉丁最早的記憶學(xué)者，那么這種說法的原理到底是什么呢，假設(shè)你被邀請，站上TED的中心講臺演講，而你想脫稿完成，如西塞羅在兩千年前在TEDx羅馬上的演講一般，他就會這么霸氣走一回而你也想這樣，你要做的就是，想象自己站在自家門前，然后憑空想象出，一段完全荒誕瘋狂難忘的景象，用來提示你上臺要提的第一件事，就是這場詭異的裸騎大賽，然后你走進(jìn)房子里，想到甜餅怪物，坐在Ed先生背上的樣子，這個景象會提醒你，要介紹你的朋友Ed Cook，然后你腦海里出現(xiàn)了小甜甜布蘭妮的樣子，你就會想起要講那個關(guān)于布蘭妮的小故事，然后你走進(jìn)廚房，你要說到的第四個話題是，你花了一整年走過的奇妙歷程，通過綠野仙蹤就可以聯(lián)想得到，這就是羅馬演說家背誦演講稿的秘訣，并非一字不差逐字背誦只會平添麻煩，而是記住一個個主題，其實(shí)短語”主題句“，就來源于希臘詞”topos“，意思是”地點(diǎn)“，這是古時候，人們談到演講或是修辭時，會用到的空間術(shù)語，短語 ”第一"，就意味著你的記憶宮殿的第一層，這簡直太有意思了，我對這起了很大的興趣，后來我又去了更多記憶大賽，我開始萌發(fā)了要更詳細(xì)描寫，這種競技記憶文化的念頭，但有一個問題，問題是記憶大賽，其實(shí)過程很無聊的，(大笑)，真的就像一群人坐那兒高考一樣，最最激動人心的時刻，也不過就是有人揉了揉太陽穴，我是個記者總得有東西可寫呀，我知道這些人腦子里肯定是驚濤駭浪，但我作為外人無法得見，我意識到若我真的想報道這事兒，一定得親身體驗(yàn)才行，所以我開始嘗試著每天早上坐下來看紐約時報前，花上十五到二十分鐘，嘗試記憶一些事，背背小詩，背背我在跳蚤市場買來的，舊年鑒里的人名，我驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)這其實(shí)非常帶勁，要不去嘗試根本想不到，有趣在于其實(shí)目標(biāo)并不是要通過訓(xùn)練提高記憶力，而是你在努力培養(yǎng)改善，創(chuàng)造力想象力，在你的腦海里憑空造出，那些完全滑稽荒誕胡亂最好是難忘的影像，而它成為了我的樂趣，這是我戴著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)競賽記憶者訓(xùn)練套裝的樣子，它有一對耳塞，一副護(hù)目鏡鏡面全部遮黑，就留了兩個小孔，因?yàn)楦偧加洃浾咦畲蟮臄橙司褪亲⒁饬Ψ稚?，最后我再次回到了一年前報道的那場競賽場上，我一時沖動也想報名參加，就當(dāng)做參與性新聞報道的實(shí)驗(yàn)了，我當(dāng)時想到時能在前言里調(diào)侃一下自己也好，問題是實(shí)驗(yàn)最后得到了意想不到的結(jié)果，那場競賽我贏了，真是完全出乎我預(yù)料之外，對我來說現(xiàn)在，背演講稿電話號碼或是購物單，都是小菜一碟倒是很不錯，但其實(shí)這些都不重要了，這些都是小伎倆，這些記憶伎倆之所以有效，是因?yàn)樗鼈円勒倘祟惔竽X運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的，一些基本原理，并不用真的去建立記憶宮殿，或記下幾副牌的順序，你也完全可以從了解大腦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理中，獲得一些益處，我們總會議論記憶力很好的人，總覺得那些人是天賦異稟，事實(shí)并不是這樣，強(qiáng)大的記憶力是可以習(xí)得的，從最根本的說起專心致志就能記住，全心投入時就能記住，只要能想辦法把信息和經(jīng)歷，轉(zhuǎn)化為有意義的事，就能記住，想它為何重要為何多彩，當(dāng)我們能把它轉(zhuǎn)化成為，有前因后果的事，并跟我們腦海中繁雜瑣碎的其他事產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想時，當(dāng)我們能把人名Baker轉(zhuǎn)化為面包師baker時，記憶宮殿或是那些記憶技巧，都只是捷徑而已，其實(shí)說到底它們都不能算捷徑，這方法有效是因?yàn)樗仁鼓闼伎?，它迫使你往更深層次去想，讓你更加專注，大部分人平時并不會費(fèi)力去訓(xùn)練這個，其實(shí)捷徑并不存在，這一直就是我們能記住事物的原因，有一件事我希望你們能記住，就是E.P.，那個連自己患了健忘癥都想不起來的人，讓我深思，得出了一個感想，人生就是我們個人記憶的合集，在短暫的人生里，你還愿意因?yàn)楹谳?iPhone，喪失多少瞬間，忽略對面坐著的人，在跟我們交談的人，變得越發(fā)懶惰不愿意，深究任何事？，通過親身經(jīng)歷我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們的身體里潛藏著，不可思議的記憶能力，但若你想活得難忘，就得做那種，記得時常記憶的人。

謝謝。