第一篇:小升初英語知識(shí)匯總
名詞所有格的形式和用法
(1)名詞所有格一般是詞尾加′s構(gòu)成,如:the boy’s bag;our teacher’s room等。如果原詞已經(jīng)有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s,則僅僅加一個(gè)(′)即可,如boys′ school等。詞尾無s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則仍要加′s,如:men’s clothes等。
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞的所有格不可用詞尾加(′s)或(′),而是用of 屬格,如:the windowof the room等。但在表示時(shí)間、距離以及其他習(xí)慣用語中,則需用(′s)或(′)表示所有格,如:ten minutes′ walk等。
(3)如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有,則只在后一個(gè)名詞后加“'s”。如:We visited Xiao Li and Xiao Zhang's room.我們參觀了小李和小張的房間。
(4)名詞的雙重所有格。(本部分只出現(xiàn)在教師版中)
物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such,another, which等詞一起修飾一個(gè)名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。公式為:a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。
如:a friend of mine 我朋友中的一個(gè)
each brother of his 他的每個(gè)哥哥
名詞
名詞是人類認(rèn)識(shí)事物所使用的基本詞匯,它主要用來指人或各種事物具體的名稱,也可以指抽象的概念。
名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、稱呼語等。
名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞。專有名詞是某個(gè)(些)人,地方,機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱,如Beijing,China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞,如:book,sadness等。
名詞有數(shù)的變化,從名詞所表示的事物的性質(zhì)看,可以分為兩類:可數(shù)名詞,如:car汽車,army軍隊(duì)等;不可數(shù)名詞,如:milk牛奶,water水,love愛等。
可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)名詞的變化有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
規(guī)則變化
構(gòu)成方法 語 音 你會(huì)讀嗎?
在詞尾加-s
1.在清輔音后讀作/s/
2.在濁輔音后讀作/z/
1.desk-desks
2.dog-dogs
1.以s, x, sh, ch, z等結(jié)尾的名詞之后加-es
2.如詞尾為e,只加-s-(e)s讀作/iz/ 1.class-classes
buzz-buzzes
2.horse-horses
page-pages
如詞尾為-f或-fe,則一般變?yōu)?ves-ves讀作/vz/ knife-knives
以輔音+y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加-es-ies讀作/iz/ family-families
以元音+y結(jié)尾的名詞,加-s-s讀作/z/ boy-boys
以輔音+o結(jié)尾的名詞,加-es-es讀作/z/ tomato-tomatoes
(photo, piano除外)
以元音+o結(jié)尾的名詞,加-s-s讀作/z/ radio-radios
以-th結(jié)尾的名詞,加-s 1.在長(zhǎng)元音后-ths讀作/ez/
2.在短元音或輔音后-ths讀作/θs/ 1.bath-baths
2.month-months
不規(guī)則變化
①名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊形式。
如:man – men
woman – women foot – feet
tooth – teeth
mouse – mice child – children deer – deer
goose – geese
Asian – Asians American – Americans German – Germans
② 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。
如:sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese
③合成名詞,只將其主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。
如:girl student – girl students pencil-box – pencil-boxes
④由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,全都變成復(fù)數(shù)。
如:man doctor – men doctors woman teacher – women teachers
不可數(shù)名詞
不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。它不能和a或an及數(shù)詞搭配使用。不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量可以和some, any, little, a little, much, a piece of, a pound of, a cup of, a lot of等連用。
如:a piece of news four glasses of milk five bottles of water
要用法 例句
1)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),可不用定冠詞 They are teachers.他們是教師。
2)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞 Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。
3)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí),需要加定冠詞 Man cannot live without water.人離開水就無法生存。
4)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞 President Bush;Professor Smith
5)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí),常省去冠詞 I can't write wijthout pen or pencil.沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字 形容詞、副詞
形容詞
1.形容詞定義
形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征,在句中可作定語、表語、狀語等成分。
如:This is a difficult problem to solve.(作定語)
The weather here is very pleasant.(作表語)
Maggie is very polite.(作表語)
2.形容詞的位置
形容詞在句中的位置主要指作定語時(shí)與名詞的排列位置。
1)作定語一般位于名詞前。
如:I often have a joyful hear.我通常都是心情愉快。
China has a peaceful environment.2)形容詞在修飾someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不
定代詞時(shí),需要置于其后。
如:I have something important to tell you all.3)多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)的排列順序(本部分只出現(xiàn)在教師版中)
多個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),其排列順序通常如下:
限定詞(包括冠詞、人稱代詞、指示代詞等)+大小+形狀+性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)+顏色+年齡或新舊+材料或種類+來
源+名詞
如:There are a few big round black new wooden French tables in the room.形容詞、副詞等級(jí)用法
1.形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
1)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 構(gòu)成 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
一般在詞尾加-er,-est great, hard greater, harder greatest, hardest
以字母e結(jié)尾只加-r,-st nice, wide nicer, wider nicest, widest
以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫這一輔音字母后再加-er,-est big, hot bigger,hotter biggest, hottest
以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,將y變?yōu)閕再加-er,-est happy, early happier, earlier,happiest, earliest
在雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞前加more或most difficult,difficultly more difficult,more difficultly most difficult,most difficultly
2)形容詞的不規(guī)則變化如下:
原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
good, well better best
bad, ill, badly worse worst
little less least
much, many more most
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
第二篇:小升初英語知識(shí)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)
動(dòng)詞過去式詳解: 動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed如:worked , learned , cleaned , visited ②以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如:study – studied carry – carried worry – worried(注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
④雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如:stopped
動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞(動(dòng)詞的ing)形式詳解: 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則: ?
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如:doing , going , working , singing , eating ? ② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing 如:having , writing,?
③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)如:running , swimming , sitting , getting
人稱和數(shù):
句型專項(xiàng)歸類 :
1、肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:I?m a student.She is a doctor.He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom.He will eat lunch at 12:00.I watched TV yesterday evening.3、一般疑問句:必須用“yes”,或“no”來回答。
?Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I?m not.?Is she a doctor? Yes, she is./ No, she isn?t.?Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn?t.?Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are./ No, there aren?t.?Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.(Yes, we are./ No, we aren?t.)
?Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will./ No, I will not(won?t).?Are they swimming? Yes, they are./ No, they aren?t.?Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did./ No, I didn?t.4、特殊疑問句: 以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用“yes、no”來回答。如:
?What is this? It?s a computer.?Where are you going? I?m going to Beijing.?Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.?Which season do you like best? Summer.?When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.?Whose skirt is this? It?s Amy?s.?Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.?How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.七:完全、縮略形式: I?m=I am
he?s=he is
she?s=she is
they?re=they are
you?re=you are
there?s=there is
they?re=they are
can?t=can not don?t=do not
doesn?t=does not
isn?t=is not
aren?t=are not
let?s=let us
won?t=will not
I?ll=I will
wasn?t=was not
總結(jié):通常情況下,?m即am,?s即is ?re即are,n?t即not(但can?t=can not)(但 let?s不等于let us),八:與字母相關(guān)的題型(注:五個(gè)元音字母是 Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu)1.將所給字母的大小寫寫在四線格上
?Hh Rr Xx Gg Mm Uu Zz Ff Qq Ii 2.寫出下列字母的左鄰右舍。
?1.()Hh()2.()Bb()3.()Ll()?4.()Rr()5.()Qq()6.()Ww()3.用小寫字母抄寫下列單詞。
?1.ROOM()
2.UNDER()
3.PLEASE()4.PICTURE()
5.WHERE()
6.TWINS()7.EXCUSE()
8.HOW()
9.CAKE()10.SMALL()
4.將全是元音字母的那一組圈起來
?1.a c e
2.i e o
3.v u k
4.e u I ?
5.J B I
6.E T V
7.E I O 8.A U E 5.寫出與所給單詞發(fā)音相同的字母(大小寫)。
?1.bee()2.sea()3.tea()? 4.are()5.why()6.you()?形容詞(adj.): ?
big大的 small小的 long長(zhǎng)的 tall高的 short短的;矮的 ? young年輕的 old舊的;老的 strong健壯的 thin瘦的 ?
active積極活躍的 quiet安靜的 nice好看的 kind和藹親切的 ? strict嚴(yán)格的 smart聰明的 funny滑稽可笑的 tasty好吃的 ?
sweet甜的 salty咸的 sour酸的 fresh新鮮的 favourite最喜愛的 clean干凈的 tired疲勞的 excited興奮的 angry生氣的 ?happy高興的 bored無聊的 sad憂愁的 ?taller更高的 shorter更矮的stronger更強(qiáng)壯older年齡更大的younger更年輕的bigger更大的heavier更重的
longer更長(zhǎng)的thinner更瘦的smaller更小的better更好的higher更高的 good好的fine好的great很好的heavy 重的new新的 ?fat胖的
happy快樂的right對(duì)的hungry饑餓的cute逗人喜愛的 ?little小的 lovely可愛的beautiful漂亮的colourful色彩鮮艷的 ?pretty漂亮的
juicy多汁的healthy健康的cheap便宜的 ?expensive昂貴的 tender嫩的 helpful有幫助的ill有病的 high高的easy簡(jiǎn)單的 proud驕傲的 sick有病的 ?介詞(prep.):
in 在…里
on 在…上;在…時(shí)候
under 在…下面
near 在…的旁邊 behind 在…后邊
next to 與…相鄰
over 在……上面
in front of 在……前面
?動(dòng)詞(v.):
play(.ed)玩;踢
swim(swam)游泳
skate滑冰
fly(flew)飛
jump跳 walk走 run(ran)跑
climb爬
fight(fought)打架
swing(swung)蕩
eat(ate)吃
turn轉(zhuǎn)彎
sleep(slept)睡覺
like像,喜歡
have(had)有;吃
buy(bought)買 take(took)買;帶
live居住
teach(taught)教
go(went)去
study(studied)學(xué) learn學(xué)習(xí)
sing(sang)唱歌
dance跳舞
row劃
do(did)做
do homework做作業(yè)
do housework做家務(wù)
watch TV看電視
read(read)books讀書 cook the meals做飯
ride(rode)a bike騎自行車
play the violin拉小提琴
collect stamps集郵
meet(met)見面 welcome歡迎 thank謝謝 love愛 work工作 drink(drank)喝 taste嘗 smell聞 feed(fed)喂養(yǎng) shear剪 milk擠奶 look看 guess猜 help幫助 pass傳遞 show展示 use使用 clean打掃 open打開 close關(guān)上 put放 paint繪畫 tell(told)告訴 kick踢 bounce反彈 ride(rode)騎 stop(stopped)停 wait等 find(found)尋找到 drive(drove)駕駛 fold折 send(sent)寄 wash洗 shine照耀 become變成 feel(felt)感覺到 think(thought)思考 meet(met)遇見 fall(fell)落下
leave(left)離開 wake(woke)up醒來 put on穿上 take off脫掉 hang up掛起 wear(wore)穿 go home回家 go to bed上床睡覺 play computer games玩電腦游戲
get off下車 read a magazine讀雜志
go to the cinema去看電影
go straight向前直走
?數(shù)詞(numbers): 基數(shù)詞
?one一 two二 three三 four四 five五 six六 seven七 eight八 nine九 ten十 ?eleven十一 twelve十二 thirteen十三 fourteen十四 fifteen十五 sixteen十六 seventeen十七 eighteen十八 nineteen十九 ?twenty二十 九十 thirty三十 forty四十 fifty五十 sixty六十 seventy七十 eighty八十 ninety ? forty-two四十二 ?hundred百 one/a hundred and thirty-six一百三十六
序數(shù)詞
?first第一 second第二 third第三 fourth第四 ?fifth第五 eighth第八 ninth第九 twelfth第十二 twentieth第二十 ?thirtieth第三十 fortieth第四十 fiftieth第五十 sixtieth第六十 seventieth第七十 第八十 ninetieth第九十 fifty-sixth第五十六
六年級(jí)下冊(cè)
1.---I?m 11 years old.---I?m 12.I?m one year older than you.我12歲,比你大一歲。
2.You?re taller than your brother.3.I?m 160 cm tall.He?s 159 cm tall.。
4.---Which monkey do you like?---I like the yellow one.5.---Which monkey is stronger?---The brown monkey is stronger.6.I think the little monkey is only 40cm tall.7.His tail is longer.8.---What’s the matter, Mike?---I feel sick.I have a fever.9.---How do you feel?---I feel sick.10.---How does Amy feel?---She?s tired.11.I am excited.12.I failed the math test.13.I?m sorry to hear that.14.---What did you do last weekend?---I played football.---Did you read books?---Yes, I did.15.---Where did you go on your holiday?---I went to Xinjiang.---How did you go there?---I went by train.1.--How do you go to school?--I go to school on foot.2.My home is near.3.We can go to the bus stop on foot.Then we go to the park by bus.4.See you then.See you at 2 o?clock.5.-Can I go on foot?-Sure,It’s not far.6.---Excuse me.Where is the library?---It?s near the post office 7.---Is it far from here?---No, it?s not far.8.---How can I go to the hospital?---You can go by the No.301 bus.Ger off at the cinema.Then walk straight for three minutes.The hospital is on the left.9.---How can I go to the mesume?--Go straight for five minutes.Then turn left.10.---Where is the post offfice?---It?s east of the cinema.11.---What are you going to do this evening?---I?m going to the cinema.12.---When are you going?--This evening.13.I want to be a science teacher one day.14.---What?s your hobby?---I like collecting stamps.15.There is a stamp show Sunday.16.Her father works in a school.17.---Does your pen pal live in Shanghai?---No, he doesn?t.He lives in Beijing.18.---What does your father do?---He?s a teacher.19.How exciting!
20.---How does he go to work?---He goes to work by bike.21.---Where does the rain come from?---It comes from the clouds.22.First, put the seeds in the soil.Water them.In several days, you can see the sprout.五年級(jí)下冊(cè)
1.---When do you get up?---I usually get up at 6:30.2.---What do you do on the weekend?---I often go shopping.---How about you? What about you?---I often play football.3.---What?s your favorite season?---Winter, I like winter.4.---Which season do you like best?---Spring.I like spring best.I can fly kites.5.---Why do you like summer?---Because I can swim.6.---When is your birthday?---It?s May 4th.5月4日。
7.--What?s the date?--It?s October 1st.8.---Is her birthday in June?---Yes.9.---What are you doing?---I?m reading a book.10.---What is your father doing?---He?s writing an E-mail.11.---What is she doing?---She is singing.12.---What is it doing?---It?s running.13.---What are they doing?---They?re drinking water.14.---Are they catching butterflies?---Yes, they are.15.---Are you eating lunch?---No, we aren?t.16.---Is he taking pictures?---Yes, he is.17.---Is she writing a report?---No, she isn?t.五年級(jí)上冊(cè)
1.---Who?s your art teacher?--Mr Wu.2.---What?s he like?---He?s very kind.He?s short and thin.3.---Is she strict?---Yes, she is.4.---What day is it today?---It?sMonday.5.---What do you have on Mondays?---We have English, science and P.E.6.---What do you do on Saturdays?---I often do my homework.7.---What would you like for lunch?---I?d like some tomotoes and mutton.8.---What do you have for lunch today?---I have eggplant and tomotoes.9.---What?s your favourite food?---Fish.It?s tasty.10.I don?t like grapes.They?re sour.11.---Are you helpful at home?---Sure.Yes.12.--What can you do?--I can sweep the floor.13.Mother goat is ill.14.This is my new bedroom.15.-Can you do housework?-No, I can’t.16.There is a big closet and a new air-conditioner.17.There?re blue curtains.18.I love my new room very much.19.The trash bin is behind the door.20.--What?s your room like?--There?s a bed, a closet and a desk.21.-Is there a river in the park?-Yes, there is.22.I like my village.23.-Are there any bridges in your village?-No, there aren’t.24.The water is clean.The air is fresh.The sky is blue.The clouds are white.四年級(jí)下冊(cè)
1.-Where is the canteen?-It’s on the first floor.2.This is the teacher?s office.3.That is my classroom.4.-Do you have a library?-Yes.5.This way, please.6.-Is this the library?-Yes, it is.7.-Is that the art room?-No, it isn?t.8.-What time is it?-It?s nine o?clock.9.It?s time for English class.10.It?s time to go to school.11.Breakfast is ready.12.I?m ready.13.-Is this your jacket?-No, it’s John’s 14.---What color is it?---It?s blue 15.---Whose shirt is this?---It?s my brother?s 16.These are your baby pants.They are so small.17.---Can I wear my new shirt today?---Yes, you can.18.It?s warmcoldhot today.19.Those are my shoes.20.-Where are they?-They are on your feet.21.-What’s the weather like in Beijing?-It?s rainy.22.---Is it cold?---No, it?s hot.23.---Can I help you?---Yes, I want that dress.24-How much is this dress?-It?s ninety yuan.25--Are they nice?--Yes, they are.26.---How much are they?---They are thirty-five yuan.27-What are they?-They are goats.28.-Are these/those sheep?-Yes, they are.29.-How many cows do you have?-One hundred.30.-How many horses are there?-Twelve.四年級(jí)上冊(cè)
1.--What’s in the classroom?--A board, two lights, many desks and chairs.2.We have a new classroom.3.---Let?s clean the classroom.---Good idea.4.---What color is it?---It?s black and white.5.Let me clean the window.6.---My schoolbag is heavy.---What?s in it? 7.He has short black hair and big eyes.8.---What?s his name?---His name is Zhang Peng.9.---What?s her name?---Her name is Amy.10.She likes music.11.---Is this your bedroom?---Yes, it is 12.---Is she in the living room?---No, she isn?t.13.Where are the keys?
14.---Are they on the table?---No, they aren?t.15.---What would you like for dinner?---I?d like some fish and vegetables.16.--How many people are there in your family?--Three.17.---Who are they?---My parents and me.18.---What?s your father?---He?s a doctor.19.---What?s your mother?---She?s a teacher.三年級(jí)下冊(cè)
1.---Where are you from?---I?m from America.2.---Who?s that woman?---She?s my mother.3.---Who?s that man?---He?s my father.4.---How many kites can you see?---I can see 12.5.---How many crayons do you have?---I have 16.6.--Do you like peaches?--Yes, I do.7.--Do you like oranges?--No, I don?t.8.---Where is my car?---It?s under the chair.9.--Look at the elephant!--Wow!It?s so big.10.It has a long nose and a short tail.。
11.It has small eyes and big ears.三年級(jí)上冊(cè)
1.---What?s your name?---My name is Chen Jie.2.---This is John.---Nice to meet you.3.---How are you?
---I?m fine, thank you.4.--Let?s paint.--Great.5.---Look!I have a rabbit.---Cool.6.---May I have a look?---Sure.Here you are.7.I like hamburgers.8.---Have some French fries.--Thank you.9.---Can I have some chicken?---Sure.Here you are 10.---How old are you?---I?m 9.11.---How many balloons?---Four.
第三篇:小升初:英語重點(diǎn)知識(shí)匯總
寫字母的運(yùn)用
1、句首第一個(gè)字母大寫。
2、人名、國(guó)名、節(jié)日名、語言名、組織名等專有名詞的首字母大寫。
3、星期、月份的首字母大寫。
4、特指的學(xué)校、政府、黨派、委員會(huì)或涉及具體人名的稱呼或職位,首字母大寫。
5、某些特殊詞匯、縮略詞、標(biāo)志語、特殊用語等,首字母大寫或全大寫。
6、句中要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分通常全大寫。
7、詩的每一行首字母要大寫。
名詞所有格
表示人或物品所屬關(guān)系時(shí),就需要使用名詞所有格。名詞所有格的構(gòu)成有以下規(guī) 則:
1、一般情況下,在名詞的末尾加’s 構(gòu)成。如:Tom’s book
2、以“-s”結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,只在其末尾加’。如:our teachers’ books
3、表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有的東西時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名字上加所有格。如:Su Hai and Su Yang’s bedroom
人稱代詞和物主代詞
人稱代詞
1、人稱代詞分為第一、第二、第三人稱,且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。
2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語,一般用在動(dòng)詞前(疑問句除外)。
3、人稱代詞的賓格在句中做賓語,多用于動(dòng)詞、介詞后。
4、人稱代詞能代替表示人稱的名詞。
物主代詞
1、表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞。
2、物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。物主代詞也有人稱和數(shù)的 變化。
3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用,后面一定要跟名詞,表示該名詞所代表的 事物是屬于誰的。
4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如:This is my bag.= This is mine.熟記人稱代詞和物主代詞的繞口令我是“ I ” ,你是“you“, ”he, she, it“ 他,她,它” 我的“my”,你的“your”, 他的“his”, 她的“her”主 格 I you he she it we you they賓 格 me you him her it us you them形 物 my your his herits our your their名 物 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則
1、一般情況下,直接加s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds.2、以s,x,sh,ch 結(jié)尾,加es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches.3、以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾,變y 為i, 再加es,如:family-families, hobby-hobbies.4、以f 或fe 結(jié)尾,變f 或fe 為v, 再加es,如:thief-thieves, knife-knives.5、以o 結(jié)尾,加es,如:mango-mangoes.加s,如:radio-radios,photo-photos.6、不規(guī)則變化,如:man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth.7、不可數(shù)名詞有:bread, juice, tea, coffee, water, rice 等。(不可數(shù)名詞 相對(duì)應(yīng)的be 動(dòng)詞是is/was)
形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)
1、形容詞的比較級(jí):用于兩者的比較。
(1)基本句式的構(gòu)成:A(主格)+ be + 形容詞的比較級(jí) + than + B(賓格).(2)表示一樣的情況時(shí)用原級(jí),結(jié)構(gòu)是:as + 原級(jí) + as
2、副詞的比較級(jí):
(1)基本句式的構(gòu)成:A(主格)+ 動(dòng)詞 + 副詞的比較級(jí) + than + B(賓格).(2)表示一樣的情況時(shí)用原級(jí),結(jié)構(gòu)是:as + 原級(jí) + as
3、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則:
(1)單音節(jié)詞末尾加er;
(2)單音節(jié)詞如果以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r;
(3)重讀閉音節(jié)詞如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,須雙寫這個(gè)字母,再加er;
(4)以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾,變y 為i,再加er;
(5)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)在原級(jí)前加more;
(6)不規(guī)則變化, 如:well-better, much/many-more。
基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞
1.one--first,two--second,three--third,five--fifth,nine--ninth,twelve--twelfth,twenty-twentieth,forty-one--forty-first.序數(shù)詞前一定要加the。
2、基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的方法:
(1)直接在基數(shù)詞詞尾加上th,如:seventh 第七,tenth 第十,thirteenth 第 十三;
(2)以y 結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞,變y 為ie,再加上th,如:twentieth 第二十。
(3)不規(guī)則變化,如:first 第一, second 第二,third 第三,fifth 第五,eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。
(4)基數(shù)詞“幾十幾”變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時(shí),表示“幾十”的基數(shù)詞不變,只把表示 “幾”的基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞,如twenty-first 第二十一。
3、序數(shù)詞的縮略形式是由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字和序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成的,如:1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
(can,must,could,would,may,shall,should)
1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面用動(dòng)詞原形。
2、其否定形式是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后面加not。
助動(dòng)詞
(do, does, did)
1、do, does 用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),does 用于第三人稱單數(shù),其余一律用do。
2、did 用于一般過去時(shí)。
3、它們的否定形式為:do not=don’t, does not=doesn’t.did not=didn’t.介詞 in 的用法
1、用在某范圍或某空間內(nèi),如:in the desk
2、在一段時(shí)間內(nèi),如:in the morning3、以,用??方式,如:in English
in 和on 的區(qū)別: 樹上長(zhǎng)出來的用on,不是樹上長(zhǎng)出來的則用in。
in, on, at 的區(qū)別:
in, on, at 都可以用來放在時(shí)間前面,但是in 后面一般是morning,afternoon,evening,月份、年份、季節(jié)或者指某一段時(shí)間內(nèi);on 用在具體某一天,如:on Sunday morning;
at 一般用在某個(gè)假期期間(不是指具體的某一天),它還可 以用在具體的時(shí)間,如:at Spring Festival, at five o’clock.小學(xué)英語教材中出現(xiàn)的介詞有:
in, on, from, of, by, about, for, under, behind, after, before, with, near, off, at, to, around, nearby 等。
there be 結(jié)構(gòu)與have, has 的區(qū)別
there be 結(jié)構(gòu):
1、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地存在著什么事物或人”。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,there be 結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該用there is 或there are 表示;在一般 過去時(shí)中,there be 結(jié)構(gòu)則應(yīng)該用there was 或there were 表示。
2、主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is(was),是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are(were)。
3、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)遵循就近原則。
4、在陳述句中為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn),可將介詞短語提到句首。
5、否定句:在be 動(dòng)詞后面加not,如果句中有some,要變成any。
6、一般疑問句:把be 動(dòng)詞提到句首,首字母大寫,句尾改成問號(hào)。
7、What is + 地點(diǎn)介詞短語?(無論主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)都用is)there be 結(jié)構(gòu)與have, has 的區(qū)別:there be 表示某地存在著什么事物或人;have(has)表示某物或人擁有某物。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與now 連用,當(dāng)句首有l(wèi)ook, listen 時(shí),也用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)肯定句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+ be 動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(doing,即動(dòng)詞的ing 形式)
(1)其中be 動(dòng)詞隨著主語的變化而變化,be 動(dòng)詞包括am, is, are。
(2)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則:
A 一般情況下,直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing,如:cook-cooking.B 以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉e 后加ing,如:make-making, dance-dancing.C 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,雙寫末尾字母后加ing,如:run-running, swim-swimming.D 以ie 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變ie 為y,再加ing,如:lie-lying, die-dying.3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句:在be 動(dòng)詞后面加not。
4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句:把be 動(dòng)詞提到句首,首字母大寫,句尾改成問號(hào)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般情況下經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與 usually, sometimes, often, always 等詞連用。
2、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞為be 動(dòng)詞時(shí),be 的變化遵循“我用am, 你用are, is 用在他她它,復(fù)數(shù)全用are”的規(guī)律。
3、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞為其它動(dòng)詞時(shí),當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),動(dòng)詞要用第 三人稱單數(shù)形式。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
4、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則:
(1)一般的動(dòng)詞,直接在詞尾加s,如:cook-cooks, like-likes.(2)以s,x,sh,ch,o 等結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,加es,如:wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes, do-does.(3)以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y 為i, 再加es,如:study-studies.(4)不規(guī)則變化,如:have-has.5、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化:
(1)be 動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句:主語+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是一名工人。一般疑問句:Be +主語+其它?如:Are you a student?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句?如:Where is my bike?
(2)行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句:主語+ don't(doesn't)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用doesn't 構(gòu)成否定句。如:He doesn't like PE.一般疑問句:Do(Does)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它?如:Do you often play chess?當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用does 構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如:Does she like PE?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句?如:How does your father go to work?
一般過去時(shí)
1、一般過去時(shí)表示在過去的某一時(shí)間里發(fā)生的事情,我們用動(dòng)詞的過去式來表 示。常與yesterday, last night,just now, a moment ago 等表示過去的時(shí)間 狀語連用。
2、be 動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化:(1)am 和is 在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)(2)are 在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)(3)帶有was 或were 的句子,其否定句、疑問句的變化和is, am, are 一樣,即 否定句在was 或were 后加not,一般疑問句把was 或were 提到句首。
3、句中沒有be 動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子:否定句:didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑問句:在句首加did,句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形,如:Did Jim go home yesterday?
4、動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則:
(1)一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞原形后面加ed,如:cook-cooked.(2)以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,只加d,如:taste-tasted.(3)以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的詞,變y 為i,再加ed,如:study-studied.(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)或r 結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞,要雙寫這個(gè)字母后再 加ed,如:stop-stopped.(5)不規(guī)則變化,如:go-went, sit-sat.一般將來時(shí)
1、一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。常 常與tomorrow, next Sunday 等時(shí)間狀語連用。
2、基本結(jié)構(gòu):(1)be going to do sth.(2)will do sth.3、否定句:在be 動(dòng)詞(am, is, are, was, were)或will 后加not。
4、一般疑問句:把be 動(dòng)詞或will 提到句首,some 改為any, and 改為or,第一、二人稱互換。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1、表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與一些時(shí)間狀語,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice(次數(shù))等連用,也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語,如these days, today, recently, this year, so far(=by now)等連用.2、基本結(jié)構(gòu):助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 e.g.I have already posted the letter.some /any
肯定句:I have some toys in my bedroom.一般疑問句和否定句中:Do you have any brothers or sisters? He doesn’t have any pencils in his pencil case.表示建議、請(qǐng)求等:Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps?
“tall“和”high”的用法辨析
形容建筑物高,一般不使用“a high building“,而是說”It's a tall buiding” 或者說“It's a high-rise building”。
在形容樹高時(shí),一般使用“It's a tall tree”,從來不能說成是“It's a high tree”。
形容人高也要用“tall“,不用”high”。
“tall/high”使用的規(guī)則是,一般來說,細(xì)長(zhǎng)的高東西,例如: 樹、樓、塔和人用“tall”來形容高。其他比較寬的東西,例如:墻壁(walls)、山(mountains)一般使用“high"來形容高,比如: high walls(高墻), high mountains(高山)。
分析完了這兩個(gè)單詞,接下來當(dāng)然要練練手啦,看看自己能否選出正確答案吧!
Is it a tall ship or a high ship?
(A)tall(B)high
答案:A
小升初英語約數(shù)的表示方法
一、大于某數(shù)的表示法
可用 more than, over, or more等表示: more than fifty people 五十多個(gè)人
children of fourteen and over 十四歲和十四歲以上的少年 sixty students or more 六十或六十多個(gè)學(xué)生
二、小于某數(shù)的表示法
可用less than, under, or less, up to, almost, nearly 等: It cost me less than 10 pounds.我買它沒要上10英鎊。
Children under six years old are admitted free.未滿6歲的兒童可免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)。It’s nearly [almost] 10 o’clock..快兩點(diǎn)了。
The temperature is five degrees below zero.溫度是零下5度。
三、大約數(shù)的表示法
可用or, or so, about, around, round, some, more or less 等表示: I’ll come back in three or four days.我過三四天就回來。We stayed or an hour or so.我們停留了一個(gè)小時(shí)左右。
It will cost around(round, about)100 dollars.那大概要100美元。Some 100 people attended the meeting.大約100參加了會(huì)議。I read more or less forty pages last night.我昨晚看了大約40頁。
【說明】要表示“一兩分鐘”這樣的意思,通常用a minute or two 或 one or two minutes,而不用 one minute or two。
小升初英語備戰(zhàn)秘訣
英語 閱讀與寫作同時(shí)抓
單詞要過關(guān),散亂的語法要?dú)w類整理,英語基礎(chǔ)不同的考生可用不同的方法備戰(zhàn)英語作文。
聽說讀寫單詞必須過關(guān)
4月底完成新課教學(xué),英語同樣需要1個(gè)多月時(shí)間總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)。復(fù)習(xí)教材的范圍是4~6年級(jí)的6冊(cè)書,其中較偏向于5年級(jí)、6年級(jí)的課本。這些教材每個(gè)單元的知識(shí)點(diǎn)都要仔細(xì)梳理、回憶,做到心中有數(shù)。
作為基礎(chǔ),小學(xué)階段的單詞、詞匯很重要,學(xué)生必須熟練掌握重點(diǎn)單詞、詞匯的拼讀、記憶。5年級(jí)、6年級(jí)的“四會(huì)單詞”(要求會(huì)讀、會(huì)聽、會(huì)說、會(huì)寫的單詞)一定要過關(guān),在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要注意記憶單詞的方法,一般學(xué)過的單詞回頭再次記憶并不難??梢詫卧~有意識(shí)地分類記憶,如顏色、食物、生活用品等,也可以嘗試同學(xué)之間進(jìn)行“單詞大比拼”,看看誰記得比較多等,這樣可以降低背誦的難度,同時(shí)增加記憶的趣味性。
語法知識(shí)也要考
有的家長(zhǎng)誤以為小學(xué)生不用學(xué)語法,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是有些偏頗的。幾種基本的時(shí)態(tài)小學(xué)階段就會(huì)接觸到,小學(xué)英語會(huì)考到的無非是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)4種時(shí)態(tài)和名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、介詞等各類詞的運(yùn)用,還有句子特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換等。
上述這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)比較散亂,必須在復(fù)習(xí)階段梳理清楚,歸類做好比較練習(xí)。如區(qū)分不同時(shí)態(tài),區(qū)分一般疑問句和特殊疑問句等。
閱讀與寫作備考同時(shí)進(jìn)行
閱讀理解是英語卷的難點(diǎn),學(xué)生最好能利用好英語教材中的練習(xí)冊(cè),盡量加大自己的英語閱讀量。對(duì)待英語閱讀范文要做到精讀,帶著疑問去讀,邊讀邊找關(guān)鍵詞。閱讀的同時(shí),還要注意從文中搜集優(yōu)美、實(shí)用的句子,以便將來運(yùn)用到自己的作文當(dāng)中,以達(dá)到閱讀、寫作齊提高。
英語作文“3個(gè)本子”
英語作文一般要求考生用50個(gè)單詞寫七八句話的短文,也是拉開距離的題。建議英語基礎(chǔ)不同的考生可用不同的方法備考英語作文。
基礎(chǔ)較好的學(xué)生可準(zhǔn)備一本“寫作本”,根據(jù)課本各單元所涉及的話題自己搜集信息,將搜集到的內(nèi)容組織成一篇短文,寫完后還可以小組互相交流,豐富自己的詞匯與內(nèi)容。
基礎(chǔ)中等的學(xué)生可準(zhǔn)備一本“抄錄本”,有意識(shí)地抄錄好的英語短文,記得越多,不斷重復(fù)、回憶,語感會(huì)慢慢變好。
基礎(chǔ)薄弱的學(xué)生經(jīng)常犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一本“糾錯(cuò)本”,多總結(jié)錯(cuò)誤原因可減少出錯(cuò)丟分。
第四篇:小升初英語分班考試知識(shí)
小升初英語分班考試知識(shí)總結(jié)
(一)一、a number of ,the number of
a number of 意思是“許多”,相當(dāng)于a lot of;the number of意思是“??的數(shù)目,??的數(shù)量”,當(dāng)它作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
A number of students like playing computer games.許多學(xué)生喜歡玩電腦游戲。
The number of the students is about 1500 in our school.我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的人數(shù)大約是1500。
二、基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞助記歌。
基變序,有規(guī)律,末尾加上th;一、二、三特殊記,八加h,九去e,ve要用f替;以e結(jié)尾變ie,后跟th莫忘記。要想表示幾十幾,只變個(gè)位就可以。
特殊變化:one—first ,two—second ,three—third ,five—fifth ,nine—ninth ,twelve—twelfth ,forty—fortieth ,eight-nine—eighty-ninth
三、概數(shù)(略數(shù))表達(dá)法
數(shù)詞+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名詞復(fù)數(shù)
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)
例1
1.__people go swimming in summer in Dalian.A、Thousands B、Thousand of C、Thousands of D、Thousand
2.__the students will take part in this English speech contest.A.Two hundred of B.Two hundreds of C.Hundreds of D.Hundred of
一、of sb.與for sb.的區(qū)別
(1)of sb.“對(duì)于(某人)”,用于It is +adj.+of sb.to do sth.句型中,形容詞為clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征的詞,of后的人物與形容詞有主表關(guān)系。
(2)for sb.“對(duì)于(某人)”,用于It is +adj.+for sb.to do sth.句型中, 形容詞為easy, important等不描述人物性格特征的詞,for后的人物與形容詞沒有主表關(guān)系。
二、不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子中的連詞
1、because(因?yàn)?,so(所以)不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里,只能用其一。
Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there.=He was tired ,so he couldn’t walk there.因?yàn)樗哿耍运荒茏叩侥莾毫恕?/p>
2、(al)thouthg(雖然),but(但是)不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里,只能用其一。但thouthg和yet可以同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里(yet用作副詞)
Thought he was tired, he still worked hard.=He was tired, but he still worked hard.雖然他很累,但他仍然努力工作。
第五篇:小升初英語常考語法知識(shí)歸納
小升初英語??颊Z法知識(shí)歸納
一.名詞:名詞單復(fù)數(shù),名詞的格
(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water,milk,rice,tea
(二)名詞的格
(1)有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a)單數(shù)后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler
my father’s shirt
b)以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’如: his friends’ bags
c)不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加’s children’s shoes
? 并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個(gè)名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
? 要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系:如:
a picture of the classroom
a map of China
二.冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類:
(1)不定冠詞:a / an
a unit / an uncle
元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /
an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an
exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠詞:the
the egg
the plane
2.用法:
定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.(2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater.The sweater is new.(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.(4)在序數(shù)詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況:
(1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim.They are teachers.(4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day.It’s Sunday.(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球類棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)前:They often play football after class.He plays chess at home.* 但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.(7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定詞組中:at noon
at night
by bus
三、代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞
人稱代詞物主代詞
主格賓格
第一
人稱單數(shù) I(我)me my(我的)
復(fù)數(shù) we(我們)us our(我們的)第二
人稱單數(shù) you(你)you your(你的)
復(fù)數(shù) you(你們)you your(你們的)第三
人稱單數(shù) he(他)him his(他的)
she(她)her her(她的)
it(它)it its(它的)
復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們)them their(他們的/她們的/它們的)
四、形容詞,副詞:比較級(jí),最高級(jí)
(一)、形容詞的比較級(jí)
1、形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用:兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí),比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a
little來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。
2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則:
⑴一般在詞尾加er;
⑵以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r;
⑶以一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er;
⑷以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er。
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí):
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副詞的比較級(jí)
1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(有be用形,有形用be;有動(dòng)用副,有副用動(dòng))
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后
⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后
2.副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同(不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther)
五數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞
一、基數(shù)詞
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→ eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)“,”,第一個(gè)“,”前為thousand.第二個(gè)“,”前為million,第三個(gè)“,”前為billion
1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
二、序數(shù)詞
(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不規(guī)則變化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th
twenty→twentieth,forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth
(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣:
基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty將y變成i,th前面有個(gè)e.若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來后用序。
六、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。(在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
注:(1)關(guān)于“在周末”的幾種表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個(gè)周末
during the weekend在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說at Christmas而不說on Christmas
2)在(剛??)的時(shí)候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話。
3.in
1)表示“時(shí)段”、“時(shí)期”,在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))
七、動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞的四種時(shí)態(tài):
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1.be動(dòng)詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
2.行為動(dòng)詞:主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如:
We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般過去時(shí):
動(dòng)詞過去式詳解動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
①一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry –
worried(注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
④雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose
– lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般將來時(shí):
基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be going to + do;
②will+ do.be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天).= I will go swimming tomorrow.(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
①一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
②以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing
③雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
第三部分:句法
1.陳述句
(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:I’m a student.She is a doctor.He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom.He will eat lunch at 12:00.I watched TV yesterday evening.(2)、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I’m not a student.She is not(isn’t)a doctor.He does not(doesn’t)work in a hospital.There are not(aren’t)four fans in our classroom.He will not(won’t)eat lunch at 12:00.I did not(didn’t)watch TV yesterday evening.2.疑問句
一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用“yes”,或“no”來回答。
特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該
問什么就答什么,不能用“yes、no”來回答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)x kb 1.c om
2、在there be 句型中,主語是單數(shù),be 動(dòng)詞用is;主語是復(fù)數(shù),be 動(dòng)詞用are;如有幾件物品,be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最*近be 動(dòng)
詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
4、there be句型與have(has)的區(qū)別:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人擁有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運(yùn)用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑問句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運(yùn)用:and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑問句。
7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:
How many +
名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語?
How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語?
8、針對(duì)主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:
What’s + 介詞短語?