第一篇：專業(yè)英語八級人文知識

英國文學(xué)

一、古英語時期的英國文學(xué)（499-1066）

1、貝奧武夫

2、阿爾弗雷德大帝：英國散文之父

二、中古英語時期的英國文學(xué)

1、allegory體非常盛行

2、Romance開始上升到一定的高度

3、高文爵士和綠衣騎士

4、Willian Langlaud 《農(nóng)夫皮爾斯的幻象》

5、喬叟 坎特伯雷故事集（英雄雙韻體）

6、托馬斯.馬洛禮 《亞瑟王之死》

三、文藝復(fù)興時期的英國文學(xué)（伊麗莎白時代）（14-16世紀(jì)）

1、托馬斯.莫爾 《烏托邦》

2、Thomas Wyatt 和 Henry Howard引入sonnet

3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亞》描述田園生活；現(xiàn)代長篇小說的先驅(qū)

4、斯賓塞 《仙后》 詩人中的詩人；斯賓塞體詩節(jié)；

5、莎士比亞：

長篇敘事詩：《維納斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克絲受辱記》 四大悲?。汗防滋?、李爾王、奧賽羅、麥克白

7、本.瓊森 風(fēng)俗喜?。╟omedy of manners）《人性互異》

8、約翰.多恩 “玄學(xué)派”詩歌創(chuàng)始人

9、George Herbert 玄學(xué)派詩圣

10、弗朗西斯.培根 現(xiàn)代科學(xué)和唯物主義哲學(xué)創(chuàng)始人之一 《Essays》英國發(fā)展史上的里程碑 《學(xué)術(shù)的推進(jìn)》和《新工具》

四、啟蒙時期（18世紀(jì)）

1、約翰、彌爾頓：《失樂園》、《為英國人民爭辯》

2、約翰、班揚(yáng)：《天路歷程》religious allegory

3、約翰、德萊頓：英國新古典主義的杰出代表、桂冠詩人； 《論戲劇詩》

4、亞歷山大.蒲柏：英國新古典主義詩歌的重要代表；英雄雙韻體的使用達(dá)到登峰造極的使用；《田園組詩》是其最早田園詩歌代表作

5、托馬斯、格雷：感傷主義中墓園詩派的代表人物 《墓園挽歌》

6、威廉、布萊克：天真之歌、經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌；

7、羅伯特、彭斯：蘇格蘭最杰出的農(nóng)民詩人；

8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作創(chuàng)辦《The tatler》和《the spectator》

9、Samuel defoe 英國現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說的奠基人之一；《魯濱遜漂流記》；《鏟除非國教徒的捷徑》，儀表達(dá)自己的不滿；

10、Jonathan Swift 《一個小小的建議》；《格列佛游記》；《桶的故事》；

11、Samuel Richardson 英國現(xiàn)代小說的創(chuàng)始人；帕米拉；克拉麗莎；查爾斯.格藍(lán)迪森爵士的歷史；

12、Henry Fielding 英國現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說理論的奠基人；《約瑟夫。安德魯》；《湯姆.瓊斯》，英國現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說的最高成就；

13、勞倫斯、斯特恩：感傷主義小說的杰出代表，《項(xiàng)狄傳》，第一部開創(chuàng)了意識流小說的先驅(qū)之作品；《感傷的旅行》

14、Oliver Goldsmith：《好心人》；《屈伸求愛》；《威客菲爾德牧師傳》，感傷主義文學(xué)；

詩歌《荒村》從新古典主義向浪漫主義過渡的標(biāo)志； 散文作品《世界公民》；

15、謝里丹：《造謠學(xué)?！罚勘葋喼笞罱艹龅挠矂?，是整個英國史上最優(yōu)秀的作品之一；達(dá)到英國“風(fēng)俗喜劇”之巔；

五、維多利亞時期的英國文學(xué)（19世紀(jì)）

1、威廉、華茲華斯：桂冠詩人；《獨(dú)自云游》《孤獨(dú)的割麥女》 《抒情歌謠集》最杰出的詩篇； 《序曲》；

2、柯勒律治：《古舟子詠》《忽必烈汗》《克里斯貝爾》

3、騷賽：桂冠詩人；《Thalaba the destroyer》是騷賽最重要的長篇史詩之一；另一各是《格拉瑪?shù)脑{咒》

4、喬治、戈登、拜倫：《唐璜》

5、雪萊：《阿多尼》，悼念濟(jì)慈，英國史上最杰出的挽歌之一；

《西風(fēng)頌》、《解放了的普羅米修斯》《致云雀》《詩辯》(A defence of poetry)；

6、約翰、濟(jì)慈：《圣。阿格尼斯節(jié)前夕》是使人最杰出的作品之一； 許多頌歌：《秋頌》《夜鶯頌》《希臘古翁頌》

7、阿爾弗雷德、丁尼生：《Break，break，break，》；《公主》； 《悼念I(lǐng)n memoriam》英國史上最優(yōu)秀的挽歌之一;

8、羅伯特、布朗寧：首創(chuàng)dramatic monologue； 《環(huán)與樹》英國19世紀(jì)最杰出的長詩之一；

9、伊麗莎白、布朗寧：《孩子們的哭聲》；

10、托馬斯、昆西：《一個抽鴉片人的獨(dú)白》，對詹姆斯、喬伊斯和T.S 艾略特產(chǎn)生一定影響；

11、沃爾特、司各特：歷史小說之父；

12、簡、奧斯汀

13、勃朗特三姐妹

14、喬治、艾略特：原名瑪麗安、伊萬斯；19世界現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說的杰出代表，同時是多產(chǎn)且學(xué)識淵博的作家；《亞當(dāng)、比的》、《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》《織工馬南》《米德爾馬契》

15、蓋斯凱爾夫人：《瑪麗 巴頓》；《夏洛蒂 勃朗特傳》

16、查爾斯、狄更斯：

樂觀時期：《波茲特寫》《匹克維克外傳》《霧都孤兒》《老古玩店》； 不樂觀時期：《美國札記》《董貝父子》《大衛(wèi)科波菲爾》 后期：《荒涼山莊》《艱難時事》《雙城記》《遠(yuǎn)大前程》

17、薩克雷：《名利場》《亨利 埃斯蒙德》《紐克母一家》

18、托馬斯、哈代：《遠(yuǎn)離塵囂》《還鄉(xiāng)》《喀斯特橋市長》《威塞克斯故事集》 《列王》the dynasts:哈代思想藝術(shù)集大成之作

19、約瑟夫、路德亞林、吉普林(Joseph Rudyard Kipling)1907年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎； 20：約瑟夫、康拉德：《黑暗的心》 21：奧斯卡、王爾德

六、20世紀(jì)的英國文學(xué)

1、憤怒的青年：金斯利、埃米斯（幸運(yùn)兒吉姆）；艾倫、西里脫（星期六晚上和星期天早上）；約翰、奧斯本（憤怒的回顧）；

2、葉芝：愛爾蘭使人 《蘆葦?shù)娘L(fēng)》《庫爾的野天鵝》《駛向拜占庭》

3、John Galsworthy：《福爾賽世家》三部曲the man of property;in chancery;to let;

4、Herbert George wells：現(xiàn)代科幻小說：modern science fiction的鼻祖；《時間機(jī)器》

5、Arnold Bennett: 貝內(nèi)特是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說家，《老婦譚》是20世紀(jì)英國小說的一部經(jīng)典作品；

6、毛姆：《人生的枷鎖》

7、Henry James，現(xiàn)代主義小說的先行者，承上啟下的人物；

小說評論集：《小說的藝術(shù)》； 《黛西.米勒》

8、勞倫斯

9、詹姆斯、奧古斯汀、喬伊斯：

《都柏林人》《一個青年藝術(shù)家的畫像》《芬尼根守靈夜》《尤利西斯》，全世界范圍內(nèi)意識流創(chuàng)作的最高成就和傳世之作；

10、弗吉尼亞、伍爾夫：《雅各布的房間》《到燈塔去》《浪》；

11、E.M．Forster: 《通往印度之路》

12、蕭伯納：《易卜生主義的精華》

《鰥夫的房產(chǎn)》《華倫夫人的職業(yè)》《英國佬的另一個島》《圣女貞德》《皮格馬利翁》

13、Willian Golding：1983諾貝爾文學(xué)獎，《蠅王》；

14、約翰、福爾斯：《法國中尉的女人》；

15、Samuel Beckett塞繆爾 貝克特：1969諾貝爾文學(xué)獎獲得者，《等待戈多》；《殘局》；

16、哈羅德 品特：蕭伯納之后英國最重要的劇作家，2005年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎得住； 《看管人》《送菜升降機(jī)》《背叛》

17、ＴＳ艾略特

18、塞、戴、劉易斯：1968獲桂冠詩人；

19、飛利浦、拉金：運(yùn)動派詩人的領(lǐng)袖；

美國文學(xué)：

一、殖民地時期的美國文學(xué)

1、約翰 史密斯：美國文學(xué)的第一個作家，《關(guān)于弗吉尼亞的真實(shí)敘述》；

2、納撒尼爾 沃德：《北美的阿格瓦姆鞋匠》，北美諷刺文學(xué)第一筆；

3、威廉 布拉德福德：美國歷史之父，《普利茅斯種植園史》

4、安妮、布拉德斯特利特 《第十個繆斯》

5、邁克爾 威格爾斯沃斯

6、愛德華 泰勒 長詩《上帝對其選民有影響的決定》

7、喬納森 愛德華茲：大覺醒運(yùn)動中主要的思想家；

二、南北戰(zhàn)爭時期的美國文學(xué)（）

1、富蘭克林

2、托馬斯、潘恩：《長詩》

3、托馬斯、杰弗遜：《獨(dú)立宣言》

4、約翰、伍爾曼：《日記》

5、飛利浦、弗瑞諾：美國獨(dú)立革命的詩人

6、飛利浦、惠特利：美國文學(xué)史上第一位出版詩集的黑人女詩人，了不起的詩才之稱，《胡塞先生和棺木》；

7、威廉、鄧?yán)眨好绹鴳騽≈?/p>

8、華盛頓、歐文：美國文學(xué)之父，《見聞札記》《睡古傳說》《溫克爾》

9、詹姆斯 菲尼莫爾 庫珀：《開拓者》《最后一個莫干希人》《探路人》

10、威廉、布萊恩特：美國的華茲華斯，《詩選》《黃色的紫羅蘭》《致水鳥》

11、愛倫、坡：偵探小說的鼻祖，《厄舍古廈的倒塌》《烏鴉》

12、艾默生：超驗(yàn)主義，13、大衛(wèi)梭羅

14、亨利、費(fèi)朗羅：《伊凡吉林》歌頌愛情；《海華沙之歌》第一部描寫印第安人的史詩；

15、納撒尼爾、霍桑：《范肖》《帶七個尖角閣的房子》《福谷傳奇》以第一人稱敘述；

16、麥爾維爾

17、斯托夫人的代表作《湯姆叔叔的小屋》

18、惠特曼：free verse；草葉集；

三、第一次世界大戰(zhàn)時期的美國文學(xué)

1、豪威爾斯是美國現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的奠基人，其代表作詩《塞拉斯 拉帕姆的發(fā)跡》；

2、亨利、詹姆斯：《黛西 米勒》；《貴婦人的畫像》《美國人》

3、馬克 吐溫

4、赫姆林加蘭：加蘭是“鄉(xiāng)土文學(xué)作家”的重要代表，《大路》，80年代美國的真實(shí)寫照；

5、弗蘭克 諾里斯：開創(chuàng)自然主義的先河，代表作《章魚》；

6、歐亨利：美國現(xiàn)代短篇小說的創(chuàng)始人；

7、杰克倫敦：自然主義，《馬丁伊登》自傳體小說

8、西奧多、德萊賽：美國現(xiàn)代小說的先驅(qū)，20世紀(jì)美國文學(xué)中第一位杰出的作家；《嘉莉妹妹》，《欲望三部曲》：《金融家》《巨人》《斯多葛》；

9、艾米麗 迪金森：現(xiàn)代英美詩歌的先驅(qū)；

四、一戰(zhàn)到二戰(zhàn)時期的美國文學(xué)

1、羅伯特 弗羅斯特：四次獲得普利策獎

2、龐德：印象派詩歌運(yùn)動的主要力量；

3、愛德華、肯明斯：視覺詩歌的創(chuàng)始人；

4、尤金、奧尼爾：《天邊外》早起作品；《送冰人來了》；《長夜漫漫路迢迢》，1936年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎；

5、辛克萊、劉易斯：1930年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎；第一個獲得該獎項(xiàng)的美國作家，《大街》《巴比特》

6、海明威：

7、菲茨杰拉德：《人間天堂》《了不起的蓋茨比》《夜色溫柔》

8、賽珍珠：《大地》1938年美國歷史上第一個獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的女性作家；

9、《約翰、斯坦貝克：20世紀(jì)美國文壇最重要的作家之一，1962年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎；《天堂的牧場》《煎餅坪》《憤怒的葡萄》《月落》《煩躁的冬天》

10、?？思{：《喧嘩與騷動》 《寓言》獲得普利策獎；最重要的作品三部曲：《村子》《小鎮(zhèn)》《大宅》

11、蘭斯頓 休斯：哈萊姆的桂冠詩人五、二戰(zhàn)以后的美國文學(xué)

1、杰克、開魯亞克：垮掉的一代，《在路上》

2、塞林格：垮掉的一代的重要作家，《麥田的守望者》

3、納博科夫：《洛麗塔》

4、約瑟夫、海勒：《第22條軍規(guī)》

5、庫特、馮尼格：黑色幽默手法；

6、威廉、斯泰輪：《蘇菲的選擇》

7、辛格：美國猶太作家，1978年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎 《路柏林的魔術(shù)師》

8、索爾、貝婁：1976年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎；《晃來晃去的人》

9、菲利普、羅斯：《美國牧歌》，獲普利策獎；

10、托尼、莫里森：1993年獲得諾貝爾，第一位美國黑人作家；《最藍(lán)的眼睛》《所羅門之歌》

11、田納西、威廉斯：《欲望號街車》《熱鐵皮屋頂上的貓》

12、阿瑟、米勒：《推銷員之死 英美概況總結(jié)

1.Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except __D___.英國之所以能成為世界上最早開始工業(yè)化的國家,原因有很多。但英國是從17世紀(jì)以后逐步開始對海外貿(mào)易和開拓海外殖民地產(chǎn)生濃厚興趣的。A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.2.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.The monarch has very little power.英國是君主立憲制國家，國王或女王（君主）幾乎沒什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的權(quán)力。

3.the Conservative Party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them? 保守黨和自由黨是英國最早成立的兩個黨派。大致來說，保守黨是中上層階級的黨，它得到大公司財政上的支持；而工黨主要得到工會的支持，它的支持者主要是中產(chǎn)階級和知識分子。

4.On accepting Bill of Rights, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.《權(quán)利法案》的簽署，標(biāo)志著英國進(jìn)入了君主立憲制時代，一個君主幾乎沒有什么實(shí)質(zhì)性權(quán)力并受制于議會的時代。

5.Females were allowed to vote in national elections until 1918.直到1918年婦女才在全國大選中享有選舉權(quán)。

6.The British North America Act of 1867 established Canada as a domain.《1867年英國北美法案》將加拿大納為它的自治領(lǐng)。

7.During World War II, as a war leader,Winston Churchill received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，當(dāng)時的英國首相丘吉爾作為戰(zhàn)爭統(tǒng)帥受到了英國人民的廣泛擁戴，并帶領(lǐng)英國人民贏得了戰(zhàn)爭的最后勝利。

8.The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and Argentina.福克蘭群島戰(zhàn)役是發(fā)生在英國和阿根廷著這兩個國家之間。位于大西洋南部的?？颂m群島從1892年起就是英國的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷開始控制這些島嶼，但是英國最終打敗了阿根廷，并重新占領(lǐng)了這些島嶼。9.In Britain, a by-election is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.英國的下院議會成員中有人去世、退休或辭職時，就要進(jìn)行補(bǔ)缺選舉。

10.In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.在英國，部長們是由首相推薦，女王加以任命的。11.There are 651 members in the House of Commons.下議院共有651名議員。

12.Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?(c)A.Margaret Thatcher B.Winston Churchill

C.Horatio Nelson

D.John Major撒切爾夫人，丘吉爾和梅杰都曾經(jīng)做過英國首相；而納爾遜（1758-1805），英國海軍統(tǒng)帥，因作戰(zhàn)負(fù)傷，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海艦隊(duì)司令，在特法爾加角海戰(zhàn)中大敗西班牙聯(lián)合艦隊(duì)，本人受重傷陣亡，號稱 Viscount Nelson。

13.By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed Prime Minister by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.在英國，按照傳統(tǒng)，多數(shù)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人由君主任命為首相，首相從本黨內(nèi)部挑選一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人擔(dān)任各部部長職位。

14.The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party, which still bears this nickname today.托利黨是英國保守黨的前身。

15.In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.在英國，在下議院中贏得第二席位的政黨為反對黨，它也有它自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和影子內(nèi)閣（shadow cabinet）。

16.The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s economic decline.現(xiàn)在“英國病”這一術(shù)語經(jīng)常用來指英國經(jīng)濟(jì)上的衰退。

17.The 1980s was remembered as the decade of privatization.正如20世紀(jì)40年代被看作是國有化的時代一樣，20世紀(jì)80年代被看作是私有化的時代。包括英國石油、航空、鋼鐵、電訊在內(nèi)的幾乎40% 的國有公司實(shí)現(xiàn)了私有化。

18.Today, in Britain，coal mining is called a “sick” industry.英國煤礦業(yè)被稱為生病工業(yè)。英國的煤產(chǎn)量在一戰(zhàn)前達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)，如今的英國的煤礦業(yè)衰退，從而導(dǎo)致礦工的數(shù)量、煤礦的總產(chǎn)量大大下降。

19.The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design in 1765.第一臺蒸汽機(jī)是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世紀(jì)末設(shè)計的，后來蘇格蘭發(fā)明家瓦特在1765年對原有的設(shè)計進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)提高，生產(chǎn)出了第一臺高效的蒸汽機(jī)并應(yīng)用到紡織和其他機(jī)械業(yè)中。

20.The Industrial Revolution created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生了工人階級，即無產(chǎn)階級。后來形成了工會制度。

21.Cotton Textile is the key to Industrial Revolution.紡織業(yè)的改革是英國工業(yè)革命的主要成就之一。

22.Romanticism became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution.工業(yè)革命時期的主要文學(xué)流派是浪漫主義。

23.Modern football game began in England.現(xiàn)代的足球運(yùn)動起源于英國。其正宗的老家在英格蘭，19世紀(jì)興起。

24.Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.英國的政體是君主立憲制。國王（女王）是國家元首，但政府的首領(lǐng)為首相。25.The second largest city in England,Birmingham, is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.英國的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格蘭中部平原，是國際化大都市，也是英國的工業(yè)和制造業(yè)中心。

26.The Romans introduced Christianity into Britain.公元43年，羅馬人占領(lǐng)英國，其后統(tǒng)治了400多年?；酵骄褪窃谶@一時期由羅馬人傳入英國的。

27.The real power of the British government lies in the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.君主立憲制下，國王的作用更側(cè)重于其象征意義，而實(shí)權(quán)為內(nèi)閣所有，內(nèi)閣由首相率領(lǐng)。28.In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 to 16.英國的教育體系中的義務(wù)教育階段是5-16歲，這是每一位學(xué)生在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的最低年限。

29.The longest river in Britain is the Severn River, and the largest river in the USA is the Mississippi.英國最長的河是塞文河，全長355公里，美國最長的河是密西西比河，長4000公里左右。

30.The general election in Britain is held every five years.英國大選每5年舉行一次。31.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain?(D)A Roman B Anglo-Saxons C Jutes

D Celts凱爾特在公元前700年到英國，羅馬人在公元1到5世紀(jì)統(tǒng)治英國，5世紀(jì)中期盎格魯撒克遜人侵占英國，因此凱爾特人是最早踏入英國的。

32.The Hundred Years’ War between Britain and France was fought from 1337 to 1453.英法百年戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)于1337年到1453年間，中間還發(fā)生了黑死病。

33.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year 1949.愛爾蘭共和國在1949年獨(dú)立。

34.The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution.英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)于1642年到1646年間發(fā)生，國王查爾斯與議會發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，實(shí)際上是國王與清教徒之間的矛盾引起的，結(jié)果議會勝利。35.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east, 英國南面與法國隔著英吉利海峽。

36.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh.英國最大的湖是內(nèi)伊湖，最長的河流是塞文河。

37.The majority of people in Scotland live in the central Lowlands? 蘇格蘭中低部適合人類生存，是蘇格蘭工業(yè)和人高度集中的地區(qū)。

38.In Britain only about 2% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.由于英國農(nóng)作業(yè)時的高度機(jī)械化，只需利用全國2%的人口來耕作大面積農(nóng)地。39.The two important crops in Britain are wheat and barley小麥和大麥?zhǔn)怯钪匾那f稼 40.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely free education.英國的義務(wù)教育是從5歲到16歲，所以期間的教育全部免費(fèi)。

41.Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?(D)A The Telegraph

B The Guardian

C The News of the World

D The Times 英國歷史上最悠久的日報是《泰晤士報》。

42.The river Thames is in England.泰晤士河位于英格蘭。43.The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain.工業(yè)革命最早從英國開始。44.Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration?(C)A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B Public housing became more important.C Many public houses were sold to people.D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.1979年撒切爾夫人成為英國第一任女首相。她提出的政策稱被為“撒切爾主義”。其內(nèi)容包括國有企業(yè)私有化，采用貨幣主義政策以控制通貨膨脹，削弱工會的影響，加強(qiáng)市場因素在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用，將公有住房賣給公眾，強(qiáng)調(diào)法律和秩序。在一定程度上講，她的計劃是成功的。她領(lǐng)導(dǎo)英國經(jīng)濟(jì)度過了一段最繁華的時期。

45.Britain has its nuclear naval force since it’s a traditional sea power.英國擁有其海軍核力量與其一貫的霸主地位是密切相關(guān)的。

46.Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?(C)

A The Times

B The Guardian

C The Observer

D The Financial Times 《觀察家報》創(chuàng)刊于1791年，是英國創(chuàng)刊最早的星期日報紙。

47.Big Ben was named after Benjamin Hall.據(jù)說Big Ben 得名于它在1859年修建時候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。

48.The Capital of Wales is Cardiff.威爾士位于大不列顛的西部。首府：加的夫。49.Portsmouth is England’s biggest naval base.英國最大的海軍基地是普茨茅斯。50.There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and the Labour Party.英國奉行的是兩黨制。其兩大主要政黨是保守黨和工黨。

1.Which name is NOT related to Britain?(D)

A Northern Ireland

B Scotland

C Wales

D Toronto 2.The news agency Reuters was founded in London.路透社創(chuàng)建于倫敦。

3.The tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conqueror.倫敦塔是1078年為防止羅馬入侵由威廉大帝修建的。

4.The Anglo-Saxon were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.英國民族的前身是安格魯薩克森人。

5.Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.格拉斯格是蘇格蘭最大的城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。6.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely free education.英國小孩 5—16歲的教育是免費(fèi)的。

7.The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain.工業(yè)革命起源于英國。8.Ben Nevis is the name of Britain’s highest mountain? 本尼維斯山為英國最高峰。

9.The United Kingdom is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way.提起英國，很多人會使用名字“Britain”，“England”或“British”，但這往往會惹惱蘇格蘭人，威爾士人以及北愛爾蘭人。從政治角度來講，“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或 “the United Kingdom/UK”是英國正確的叫法?！皌he British Isles”則是地理意義上的名字，包括Great Britain，the whole of Ireland（Northern and Southern），the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 這些島嶼。

10.Britain has, for centuries , been slowly tilting with the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking.英國幾個世紀(jì)以來地勢一直在緩慢地傾斜，表現(xiàn)為西北部在慢慢上升，而東南部在慢慢下沉，所以英國的西北部為高地。

11.The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants live are London and heart of England.現(xiàn)在，英國移民主要集中在倫敦及英格蘭心臟地帶的一些城市和城鎮(zhèn)，諸如 Slough, Leicester, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Luton, Bradford, Coventry, Bedford 和Reading等等。

12.The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses.英國國旗為紅白藍(lán)三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”），是由三個十字組成。

13.Which flower is symbol of England?(D)A Thistle

B Shamrock

C Daffodil

D Rose

A，薊是蘇格蘭的象征，用作蘇格蘭的國徽；B，三葉苜蓿花為愛爾蘭的國花；C，黃水仙花是威爾士的國花；D，玫瑰則是英格蘭的國花。

14.Lake District was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain.位于英格蘭西北部和威爾士北部的湖區(qū)是英國著名的風(fēng)景區(qū)之一，也是英國十九世紀(jì)湖畔詩人聚居的地方。

15.The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.最早來英國定居的是伊比利亞人。大約在公元前3000年左右，也就是新石器時代，他們從伊比利亞半島（即今天的西班牙）來到英國。

16.Julius Caesar invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC.英國的歷史是從羅馬人的入侵開始的。愷撒，這位偉大的羅馬將軍，在公元前55年第一次帶兵入侵并征服了英國。

17.Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain?(c)

A The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.B The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuries

C The Romans didn’t like the Britons.D The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.盡管羅馬人征服了英國，但是羅馬文化對英國的影響十分有限。這主要是因?yàn)椋毫_馬人一直把英國人看作是社會地位相當(dāng)于奴隸的被降伏的民族；在長達(dá)四個世紀(jì)的時間里從來沒有羅馬人跟英國人通婚；羅馬人對英國平民階層的語言和文化沒有任何影響。

18.The Hundred Years’ war with France ended by the English being driven out of France.By 1453 Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.英法之間的百年戰(zhàn)爭以英國人被趕出法國而告終。到1453年戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束時，只有法國北部的加萊港還在英國人手里。

19.Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudalism?(A)

A The Wars of the Roses

B The Hundred Years’ War

C The English Civil War

D World War I

盡管玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了30年，但對老百姓的生活幾乎沒什么影響，反倒使英國的封建主義受到致命打擊，貴族階層受到了削弱。

20.The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution , is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)也叫“清教徒革命”，這是因?yàn)榉磳醯娜舜蟛糠质悄切┣褰掏?。英國?nèi)戰(zhàn)不僅推翻了英國的封建制度，也動搖了歐洲封建統(tǒng)治的基礎(chǔ)。所以，從這個角度講，英國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)通常被看作現(xiàn)代世界史的開端。

21.Scotland is the home of golf.高爾夫是一項(xiàng)古老的貴族的運(yùn)動，源于十五世紀(jì)或更早以前的蘇格蘭，蘇格蘭地區(qū)山多，氣候濕潤，多霧，非常適合牧草生長，這里的工業(yè)文明以前是連綿不斷的牧場。相傳當(dāng)時牧羊人放牧閑暇時，用木板玩游戲，將石子擊入兔子窩或洞中。久而久之形成了使用不同的球桿并按一定的規(guī)則擊球。

22.Which of the follwing languages is NOT spoken in Scotland?(D)A English

B Scottish

C Gaelic

D Denish

Gaelic蘇格蘭蓋爾語是高地蘇格蘭人的傳統(tǒng)語言；更多人使用的語言是英語。一直到15世紀(jì)末，盎格魯人仍然以他們的語言稱蘇格蘭蓋爾語為「蘇格蘭語」（盎格魯語：Scottish）。

23.The election of 1979 made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister.Margaret Thatcher 在1979年成為英國首相，為英國史上第一個女首相。24.To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.具體的說，英國的議會是由元首，上議院和下議院組成。其中，元首沒有實(shí)權(quán)，上議員由大法官（Lord Chancellor）掌權(quán)，是由神職議員（the Lord Spiritual）和世俗議員（the Lord Temporal），下議院的成員是通過選舉產(chǎn)生的651名議員,以首相為首。25.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conqueror.倫敦塔名為“塔”，實(shí)際上是公元11世紀(jì)處于羅馬統(tǒng)治時期的一座城堡式建筑。

26.There are two state churches in Britain.英國有兩大國教： 在英格蘭是英格蘭教（Church of England）或者英國圣公會，在蘇格莎白的頭銜全稱為“托上帝宏恩，大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合國和她的其他領(lǐng)土和領(lǐng)地的女王、英聯(lián)邦元首、基督教的保護(hù)者伊麗莎白二世”?？梢?，英女王是基督教的保護(hù)者。

27.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son Richard, the regime began immediately to collapse.Oliver Cromwell的兒子在父親過世后繼承王權(quán)，但是不久后掌控的政體瓦解。1660年，議會扶植流浪法國的前國王兒子Charles二世當(dāng)國王。28.The twenty-first birthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or womanhood.在英國,21歲生日是個大生日,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為21歲是大人開始的年齡。29.Reuters was founded in 1851.路透社是世界四大通訊社之一，也是英國創(chuàng)辦最早的通訊社。1850年由保羅·朱利葉斯·路透（paul julius reuter）在德國亞琛創(chuàng)辦，1851年遷址到倫敦。創(chuàng)辦人路透原為德國人，后加入英國籍。1865年，路透把他的私人通訊社擴(kuò)展成為一家大公司。

英國文學(xué)

1.Irony refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.Irony 是指“反諷”，揭示事物表面與真相的差別。

2.Tennyson was recognized as the greatest poet of Victorian England.Aflred Tennyson 被稱為維多利亞時代最杰出的英國詩人。他的主要作品為：The Princess，Maud 和短詩 Break，Break，Break。

3.James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT__C__.A Dubliners

B A Potrait of the Artist as a Young Man

C Jude the Obscure

D Ulysses Jude the Obscure是Thomas Hardy的作品。

4.Which of the follwing poets is different from the others?

A

A John Donne B John Keats C Lord Byron D Percy Bysshe Shelley

除了John Donn是玄學(xué)派詩人外，另外三位為浪漫主義派詩人。

5.William Wordsworth is an English _A___.A poet

B novelist C playwright

D critic

William Wordsworth是英國前浪漫主義詩人。

6.The compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language is Samuel Johnson.Samuel Johnson（1709-1784）編寫的《英語字典》是之后所有英語字典的基石。

7.My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by Robert Browning.Robert Browning（1812-1889）擅于寫?yīng)毥莿?，他的代表作是My Last Duchess和Meeting at Night。

8.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by John Keats.Beauty is truth, truth beauty是John Keats的寫作宗旨，他用盡畢生精力追求能夠表達(dá)一切美麗事物的詩篇。

9.Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by John Miltom《失樂園》《復(fù)樂園》均為John Milt作。10.James Joyce mostly wrote about his hometown Dublin.James Joyce出生于愛爾蘭的首都都柏林，主要作品有：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man，Ulysses。故事合集Dubliners。

第二篇：英語專業(yè)八級人文知識技巧

專八考來考去就這些東西，背就行了。來源： 張靖涵?︷Casper的日志

1.A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2.Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.音位學(xué);在語言或一門語言中，對有關(guān)其分類和模式以及為大家所默認(rèn)的發(fā)音規(guī)則的研究音韻學(xué), 音系學(xué)

3.Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.句法，研究詞或其它句子成分如何聯(lián)合起來形成合乎語法的句子規(guī)則的學(xué)科

4.Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.語義學(xué)，以語言形式表示意思的研究或科學(xué)

5.acronym: 首字母組合詞，首字母縮略詞，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它們可以連拼，但VOA是 Initialism。

6.Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.換喻或轉(zhuǎn)喻，一種,一個詞或詞組被另一個與之有緊密聯(lián)系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法，如用華盛頓代替美==或用劍代替軍事力量，對面來了三個“紅領(lǐng)巾”也是，以紅領(lǐng)巾指代少先隊(duì)員。

7.Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced bylike oras, as inHow like the winter hath my absence been orSo are you to my thoughts as food to life(Shakespeare).明喻, 一種修辭手法，把兩種基本不相像的東西進(jìn)行比較，通常在由 like或 as引導(dǎo)的短語中，如 “我的離開好象是冬天來臨”或“你對我的思想就象食物對于生命一樣重要”（莎士比亞）

8.Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as ina sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare)隱喻一種語言表達(dá)手法，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物，從而暗示它們之間的相似之處，如 “憂愁之?！被颉罢麄€世界一臺戲”(莎士比亞)the ship of desert 沙漠之舟

9.Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.矛盾修飾法, 一種把互相矛盾或不調(diào)和的詞合在一起的修辭手法，如在 震耳欲聾的沉默和悲傷的樂觀cruel kindness

10.The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.11.John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost.Paradise Regained was also written by him.12.Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.十四行詩體, 一種由十四行組成的詩歌形式，通常有一種傳統(tǒng)的押韻形式, 莎士比亞用過此詩體。

13.Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect.俚語主要出現(xiàn)在非正式的、游戲性的話語中的一種語言，基本由存在時間很短的派生詞和修辭構(gòu)成，它們被故意地用來取代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的詞語以達(dá)到生動、幽默、無禮或其它效果

14.Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement.警句，妙句，吸引人的詞句廣泛使用的或流行的用語，尤指用作集團(tuán)或運(yùn)動的口號的用語。

15.Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group.行話, 一個行業(yè)、職業(yè)或類似的團(tuán)體中使用的專業(yè)的或技術(shù)的語言.terminology

16.Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant.陳腔濫調(diào), 陳腐的或平庸的評論或陳述，尤指某人表述它時好象它是新穎的或有意義的17.Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as inI could sleep for a year orThis book weighs a ton.夸張法,一種比喻，使用夸張來強(qiáng)調(diào)或產(chǎn)生某種效果，比如在我能睡一年或這書有一噸重

18.onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such asbuzz ormurmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.象聲詞, 詞的構(gòu)成或用法，例如 buzz或 nurmur模仿事物或行動的聲音.19.hypotaxis: 從屬關(guān)系

20.parataxis: 并列結(jié)構(gòu)，指 短語或分句間不用連詞，如：I came, I saw, I conquered.21.Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.超驗(yàn)主義, 一種文學(xué)和哲學(xué)運(yùn)動，與拉爾夫•沃爾多•愛默生和瑪格麗特•富勒有關(guān)，宣稱存在一種理想的精神實(shí)體，超越于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和科學(xué)之處，通過直覺得以把握

22.Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter.美國

23.Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.詞法，詞態(tài)學(xué)，形態(tài)音位學(xué), 語言或某一語言中對于單詞的結(jié)構(gòu)和形式的研究，包括詞尾變化、派生和合成詞的構(gòu)成24.affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant輔音 followed by a fricative摩擦;for example, the initial sounds ofchild andjoy.塞擦音由閉塞音伴隨著摩擦音而形成的復(fù)雜的語音；例如 child和 joy的第一個音Also called: affricative.25.Vanity Fair 名利場 was written William Makepeace Thackray

26.Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon.Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins

尼爾．阿姆斯特朗、埃德溫．奧爾德林、邁克爾．柯林斯

27.The title of the national anthem 國歌 of Canada is O Canada.此種類型

題同學(xué)們可自己多找?guī)讉€國家。

28.Henry David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.29.etymology: the history of a word.詞源學(xué)

30.The dominant accent in the United States is General American.除紐約市、南方、新英格蘭

31.John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披頭士或甲殼蟲樂隊(duì)in the 1960s.32.In Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游記, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect society.有理智和人性的馬 Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.33.Ceoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.34.morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such asman, or a word element, such as-ed inwalked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.詞素, 一種含有一個單詞的有意義的語言單位，如-ed在單詞 walked中，不能被劃分為更小的有意義單位

35.The name of the famous stadium露天體育場 in the north of London is Wembley.36.Wimbledon溫布爾登[英國英格蘭東南部城市](位于倫敦附近, 是著名的國際網(wǎng)球比賽地)

37.Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食譜, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of England.烤面拖牛肉，面拖烤香腸

38.Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（強(qiáng)制）.聯(lián)合抵制, 聯(lián)合起來拒絕使用、購買或經(jīng)銷以示抗議、不滿或作為強(qiáng)制的手段

39.Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society.種族隔離, 強(qiáng)制實(shí)行種族的社會分離政策及實(shí)踐，如在學(xué)校、居住和工業(yè)中，尤指在白人居多的社會中實(shí)行有色人種歧視的政策

40.Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites.種族隔離制, 南非共和國實(shí)行的一種官方的種族隔離政策，包括在政治、法律和經(jīng)濟(jì)諸方面對非白色人種的歧視.41.Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization;desegregation.種族或宗教融合, 在社會或組織中，使不同的種族或宗教派別的人處于無限制的平等的關(guān)系中；取消種族隔離

42.The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.43.Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”, it means nowhere land in Greek.44.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.45.Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in

a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素, 語言中最小的語音單位，如英語里 mat中的 m和 bat中的 b

46.polysemy: 一詞多義

47.patron saint：保護(hù)圣徒, 守護(hù)神

48.Parentese: 父母語

49.back formation: 逆構(gòu)詞 脫落一詞的詞綴以構(gòu)成新詞 typewriter → typewrite

50.allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme.For example, the phonetic s ofcats, z of dogs, and z ofhorses and theen ofoxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme.語素變體, 語素的一種變體形式，如語音學(xué)的中之 s在 cats中，z在 dogs中，和 iz在 horses中，還有 en在 oxen中都是英語復(fù)數(shù)語素的語素變體.

第三篇：英語專業(yè)八級人文知識練習(xí)題：美國文學(xué)

1.The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____

A Jack London

B Charles Dickens

C Samuel Coleridge

D Ernest Hemingway

2.In which novel can “Yahoo” be found?

A John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress

B Edmund Spencer's The Faerie Queen

C Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels

D Henry Fielding's Tom Jones

3.The Catcher in the Rye is written by ____

A J.D.Salinger

B Jack London

C Flannery O'Connor

D Saul Bellow

4.The image of the famous “henpecked husband” is created by____

A Washington Irving

B Fennimore Cooper

C Edith Wharton

D William Dean Howells

5.The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be ____

A O'Neil

B Pound

C Robert Frost

D Scott Fitzgerald

6.____ is the most important person of the transcendental club.A Hawthorn

B Whitman

C Emerson

D Hemingway

7.The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except____

A fridendship

B love and marriage

C life and death

D war and peace

8.Robert Frost is a famous ____

A novelist

B playwright

C poet

D literary critic

9.Dover Beach is written by ____

A Robert Browning

B Alfred Tennyson

C Mathew Arnold

D Dylan Thomas

10.The period from 1865-1914 has been referred to as the ____ in the literary history of the United States.A Age of Realism

B Age of Clasicalism

C Age of Romanticism

D Age of Renaissance

答案及解析:

1.D 《老人與?！肥呛Ｃ魍淖髌?。

2.C Jonathan Swift的Gulliver's Travels(《格列弗游記》)中yahoo暗指人類，集人類丑陋面于一身，服務(wù)于動物的一類生物。

3.A The Catcher in the Rye(《麥田里的守望者》)是J.D.Salinger(J.D.賽琳格)的名著。

4.A henpecked husband 是指“怕老婆的男人”，改典型形象出自Washington Irving 的Rip Van Winkle。

5.D 二十世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)Jazz Age，這一代的年輕人物欲膨脹，沉迷酒色。Scott Fitzgerald的 Great Gatsby《了不起的蓋茨比》根據(jù)時代特征，對深深諷刺了所謂的美國夢。

6.C Emerson是超驗(yàn)主義的重要代表，所著Nature《論自然》代表了他的哲學(xué)觀。

7.D Emily Dickinson(1709-1784)，美國女詩人，終生未嫁。主要詩歌包括：I Could Not Sto for Death還有，I'm Nobody.Who Are You?

詩歌主題為：愛情，自然，友誼，死亡與不朽。

8.C Robert Frost是十九世紀(jì)的美國詩人，后因父親過世已經(jīng)英國，在新英格蘭享有很高名望。主要作品有：The Road Not Taken，Mending Wall。

9.C Dover Beach(《多弗的海灘》)是Mathew Arnold 的作品。

10.A 1865-1914，也就是美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之后，第一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)之前。這個時候涌現(xiàn)的作家，比如Mark Twain刻畫出美國經(jīng)濟(jì)政治發(fā)展引發(fā)的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)問題，包括“Gold Rush”。

第四篇：2009年英語專業(yè)八級考試人文知識真題及答案

2009年英語專業(yè)八級考試人文知識真題及答案

31.The Head of State of New Zealand is ______.A.the governor-generalB.the Prime Minister

C.the high commissioner

D.the monarch of United Kingdom

32.The capital of Scotland is ______.A.GlasgowB.Edinburgh

C.ManchesterD.London

33.Who write the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S.President ?

A.Thomas JeffersonB.George Washington

C.Thomas PaineD.John Adams

34.Which is the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia ?

A.PerthB.Adelaide

C.SydneyD.Melbourne

35.Ode to the West Wind was written by ______.A.Willian BlakeB.Willian Wordsworth

C.Samuel Taylor Coleridege

D.Percy Bysshe Shelley

36.Who among the following is a poet of free verse ?

A.Ralph Waldo EmersonB.Walt Whitman

C.Herman MelvilleD.Theodore Dreiser

37.The novel Sons and Lovers was written by ______.A.Thomas HardyB.John Galworhty

C.D.H.LawrenceD.James Joyce

38.The sstudy of mental processes of language comprehension and production is ______.A.corpus linguisticsB.socialinguistics

C.theoretical linguisticsD.psycholinguistics

39.A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ______.A.dialectB.idiolectC.pidginD.register

40.When a speake expresses his intension of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing ______.A.an illocutionary actB.a perlocutionary act

C.a locutionary actD.none of the above

Key:31-35 DBACD

36-40 BCDCA

2008年英語專業(yè)八級考試人文知識真題及答案

PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best

answer to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet

31.The largest city in Canada is_______.A.Vancouver.B.Montreal.C.TorontoD.Ottawa.32.According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in________.A.the Federal Government.B.the Supreme Court.C.the Cabinet.D.the Congress.33.Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?

A.Baseball.B.Tennis.C.Basketball.D.American football.34.The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is__________.A.the President.B.the Governor-General.C.the British monarchD.the Prime Minister.35.The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by__________.A.William Langland.B.Geoffrey Chaucer.C.William Shakespeare.D.Alfred Tennyson.36.Who wrote The American?

A.Herman Melville.B.Nathaniel Hawthorne.C.Henry James.D.Theodore Dreiser.37.All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT_____.A.George Eliot.B.Iris Jean Murdoch.C.Doris Lessing.D.Muriel Spark.38.Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?

A.Arbitrariness.B.Displacement.C.Duality.D.Diachronicity.39.What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?

A.A simple sentence.B.A coordinate sentence.C.A complex sentence.D.None of the above.40.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called______.A.hyponymy.B.synonymy.C.polysemy.D.homonymy.Key：31-35 BCADB

36-40 CDACD

07專八參考答案（人文部分）

資料出處：王邁邁英語

（）

PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answers to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31.The majority of the current population in the UK are descendants of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT_____.A.the AnglosB.the Celts

C.the JutesD.the Saxons

32.The Head of State of Canada is represented by___.A.the MonarchB.the President

C.the Prime MinisterD.the Governor-general

33.The Declaration of Independence was written by__.A.Thomas JeffersonB.George Washington

C.Alexander HamiltonD.James Madison

34.The original inhabitants of Australia were____.A.the Red IndiansB.the Eskimos

C.the AboriginesD.the Maoris

35.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?

A.Oliver TwistB.Middlemarch

C.Jane EyreD.Wuthering Heights

36.William Butler Yeats was a(n)______ poet and playwright.A.AmericanB.Canadian

C.IrishD.Australian

37.Death of a Salesman was written by_____.A.Arthur MillerB.Ernest Hemingway

C.Ralph EllisonD.James Baldwin

38._______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A.PhonologyB.Morphology

C.SemanticsD.Sociolinguistics

39.The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT_____.A.lexicalB.syntactic

C.phonologicalD.psycholinguistic

40.The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of_____.A.widening of meaningB.narrowing of meaningC.meaning shift

D.loss of meaning

Key:

CDACDCABDA

2006年專業(yè)八級真題及答案-人文知識

資料出處：王邁邁英語

（http:///Article/web06/test03/2006-03-09/3490.）

PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)

There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answers to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31.The Presidents during the American Civil War was_____.A.Andrew JacksonB.Abraham Lincoln

C.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington

32.The capital of New Zealand is_____.A.ChristchurchB.Auckland

C.WellingtonD.Hamilton

33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers?

A.The AboriginesB.The Maori

C.The IndiansD.The Eskimos

34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_____.A.the Shadow CabinetB.the Parliament

C.the OppositionD.the Cabinet

35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?

A.T.S.EliotB.D.H.Lawrence

C.Theodore DreiserD.James Joyce

36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by___.A.Scott FitzgeraldB.William Faulkner

C.Eugene O'NeilD.Ernest Hemingway

37._____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram

38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_____.A.referenceB.meaning

C.antonymyD.context

39.The words“kid,child,offspring” are examples of__.A.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonyms

C.emotive synonymsD.collocational synonyms

40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by_____.A.HalliayB.Chomsky

C.BloomfieldD.Saussure

Key：

31-35BCADA36-40 DBDBD

2005年英語專業(yè)八級人文知識試題及答案

1.The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organizationB sentence structures

C word formationD language functions

2.Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?

AarbitrarinessBproductivity

Ccultural transmissionDfiniteness

3.The speech act theory was first put forward by__.AJohn ScarlBJohan Austin

CNoarn ChomskyDM.A.K Halliday

4.The capital city of Canada is __.AMontrealBOttawa

CVancouverDYork

5.U.S.presidents normally serve a(an)__ term.Aeight-yearBfour-year

Csix-yearDtwo year

6.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.AHustonBBaltimore

CPhiladelphiaDBoston

7.The state church in England is __.AThe BaptistBThe Roman Catholic

CThe Protestant Church

DThe Church of England

8.The novel Emma is written by__.AJane AustenBElizabeth

CGaskell C Charlotte Bronte

DMary Shelley

9.Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?

AWilliam Wordsworth

BPercy B.Shelley

CGeorge G.ByronDGeorge Eliot

10.William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.Ahis poemBhis plays

CHis novelsDhis short stories

KEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD

第五篇：英語專業(yè)八級考試 人文知識 國家概況小測

英語專業(yè)八級考試 人文知識 國家概況小測(1)

(U.S.，Canada，Australia)

班級：_______ 姓名：_______ 學(xué)號：_______ 成績：_______

1.In terms of population _______ is the D.Philadelphia.largest state in America A.Alaska B.California C.Wyoming D.Florida

2.In the following rivers, _______ has been called the American Ruhr A.the Mississippi B.the Missouri C.the Hudson D.the Ohio

3.The theme of Thanksgiving Day is _______ A.friendship and rich award B.love and happiness C.happiness and peace D.peace and plenty

4.U.S.presidents normally serve a(an)_________term.A.two-year B.four-year

C.six-year D.eight-year

5.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.? A.Huston.B.Boston.C.Baltimore.6.The Declaration of Independence was written by

A.Thomas Jefferson B.George Washington C.Alexander Hamilton D.James Madison

7.The symbol of the U.S.Republic Party is _______ A.elephant B.eagle C.donkey D.hawk

8.The President of the United States is head of the _______ branch.A.executive B.judicial C.legislative D.information

9.In the U.S., constitutional amendment can go into effect after it is approved by _______

A.a two-thirds vote of both houses B.three-fourths of the states C.two-thirds of the states D.half of the states

10.The Truman Doctrine was directed against _______ A.Nazi fascism B.communism C.Japan D.the “free world”

11.Which degree is offered in community colleges in the United States? A.Master’s degree B.Doctor's degree C.Bachelor's degree D.Associate's degree

12.The Presidents during the American Civil War was A.Andrew Jackson B.Abraham Lincoln C.Thomas Jefferson D.George Washington

13.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.? A.Huston.B.Boston.C.Baltimore.D.Philadelphia.14.The second largest state of the U.S.is A.Texas.B.Alaska.C.California.D.Hawaii.15.The backbone of North American refers to the

A.Appalachian Mountains.B.Rocky Mountains.C.Cascade Mountains.D.Sierra Nevada Mountains.16.In American, the three biggest newspapers are of the following except A.New York Times B.Reader’s Digest C.Washington Post D.Los Angels Times

17.Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States? A.Baseball B.Tennis

C.Basketball

D.American football

18.The leading _______ state in the United States is Wisconsin.A.Wheat B.Rice C.Dairy D.Maize

19.Compared with the other racial and ethnic minority groups, _______ lead a relatively better-off life in the US.A.the blacks

B.the Asian Americans C.the Indians D.the Hispanics

20.According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in_______

A.the Federal Government B.the Supreme Court C.the Cabinet

D.the Congress

21.The two principal river systems in Canada are the Mackenzie and _______ A.the Great Lakes B.the St.Lawrence C.the Hudson River D.the Saskatchewan River

22.The Canada Day is celebrated on _______ which is the National Day of Canada A.June 1st B.July 1st C.August 1st D.September 1st

23.Indigenous peoples, who are the first settlers of Canada, make up about 3 percent of the Canadian people.They are _______ A.Indians and Africans B.Aborigines and Indians C.Eskimos and Aborigines D.American Indians and Inuit

24._______ is the second largest religion in Canada A.Luther Church B.Christianity C.Roman Catholic D.Baptist Church

25.Canada is the world’s largest producer of _______ A.potash B.zinc C.iron ore

D.nickel

26.In Canada the federal governments have

always been formed by _______

A.the Liberal Party

B.the Progressive Conservative Party

C.either the Liberal Party or the Progressive Consecutive Party

D.both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Consecutive Party

27.The largest city in Canada is_______ A.Vancouver B.Montreal C.Toronto D.Ottawa

28.To override the President’s veto, the US Congress must have a _______ majority.A.3/4 B.2/3 C.1/2 D.3/5

29.The Head of State of Canada is represented by A.the Monarch B.the President

C.the Prime Minister D.the Governor-general

30.______ is the capital city of Canada.A.Vancouver

B.Ottawa C.Montreal D.York

31._______ is the largest city in Australia with a population of 3.6 million A.Sydney B.Melbourne C.Brisbane D.Perth

32.Australia is politically divided into _______ states and _______ territories A.six/ three B.six/ two C.five/ three D.five/ two

33.The city of _______, which was formerly known as Port Jackson, is the place of the earliest colonial settlement in Australia.A.Melbourne B.Sydney C.Perth D.Darwin

34.According to statistics, _______ employer in Australia is the manufacturing industry.A.the fourth largest B.the third largest C.the second largest D.the largest

35.Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers? A.The Aborigines B.The Maori C.The Indians D.The Eskimos

36.The first city ever founded in Canada is A.Quebec.B.Vancouver.C.Toronto.D.Montreal.37.When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? A.1770.B.1788.C.1900.D.1901.38.The most important economic activity in Canada is _______ A.mining B.fishing C.farming

D.manufacturing

39.The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S.was issued by A.Abraham Lincoln.B.Thomas Paine.C.George Washington.D.Thomas Jefferson.40.The origin of most Canadians is A.The Eskimos.B.Indians.C.British.D.French.1-5 BDDBA 6-10AAABB 11-15DBAAB 16-20BACBD 21-25BADBA 26-30CCBDB 31要改成Sidney 31-35ABBCA 36-40ADDAC 5