第一篇：linux學(xué)習(xí)筆記(中級班)

Linux筆記（中級）

文件處理命令： ls list 命令所在路徑：/bin/ls 選項(xiàng)：

-a 顯示所有文件，包括隱藏-l 顯示詳細(xì)信息-d 查看目錄屬性

用戶不同，擁有的命令也不同： Root：/sbin / usr/sbin All user: /bin /usr/bin 縮寫：bin-binary usr-user sbin-super binary 命令：pwd 愿意：print working directory 創(chuàng)建空文件：touch 目錄創(chuàng)建命令：mkdir 英文：make directory 復(fù)制命令：cp Cp –R 源 目的

移動和改名文件：mv Mv 源 目的 刪除文件：rm 刪除目錄： rm –r 刪除空目錄：rmdir

軟鏈接 ln –s 硬鏈接 ln Linux系統(tǒng)并不認(rèn)字母，只認(rèn)識數(shù)字，所以引出來i節(jié)點(diǎn)

ls –I 顯示文件的i節(jié)點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)到系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核，每個文件都有一個i節(jié)點(diǎn) 硬鏈接不能跨文件系統(tǒng) Ls –ld 顯示目錄權(quán)限

權(quán)限管理命令：chmod 更改文件UGO的權(quán)限，rwx權(quán)限

文件的

讀命令：cat more head tail 寫命令：echo vi X類：命令 腳本 目錄的

讀命令：ls

創(chuàng)建還刪除權(quán)限：mv rm touch mkdir X類：cd

權(quán)限管理命令

改變所有者Chown 用戶 文件或目錄 改變所有組 chgrp 組名 文件或目錄

修改文件或目錄創(chuàng)建的默認(rèn)權(quán)限Umask –S查看默認(rèn)權(quán)限

Umask顯示的0022 0特殊權(quán)限為 022ugo掩碼顯示方式，實(shí)際為777-022=755 Linux權(quán)限規(guī)則:缺省創(chuàng)建的文件，不能授予可執(zhí)行的X權(quán)限。Umask 022（數(shù)字必須是掩碼）這樣才能修改默認(rèn)權(quán)限

文件搜索命令：which whereis（只能查找命令）命令所在路徑：/bin/which Find 可以查找文件、目錄和命令 Find 搜索路徑 搜索關(guān)鍵詞

-name 根據(jù)文件名進(jìn)行查找

-size 根據(jù)文件大小查找，大小用block數(shù)據(jù)塊表示512字節(jié)=0.5KB 大于 + 小于 –

-user 根據(jù)文件所有者查找

根據(jù)時間查找：ctime、atime、mtime（以天為單位）

Cmin、amin、mmin（以分鐘為單位）

C-change 改變（表示文件的屬性修改過）

a-access訪問(表示文件被看過，訪問過)b-m-modify修改（表示文件的內(nèi)容被修改過）

-時間之內(nèi)，+超過多久時間（find /etc –mmin-120）Find應(yīng)用的連接符：-a and 邏輯與 –o or 邏輯或 連接符-exec不需要詢問，-ok是有詢問的

{}find查詢的結(jié)果 轉(zhuǎn)義符，使符號命令使用本身的含義（例如rm時有提示，rm 就沒提示了

-type 文件類型 f：二進(jìn)制 l：軟連接文件 d：目錄

Find /etc –name init*-a –type l 根據(jù)i節(jié)點(diǎn)刪除文件

Find –inum i節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)值

Find 目錄 –inum 數(shù)值 –exec rm {};

Locate命令(linux獨(dú)有的命令)根據(jù)文件數(shù)據(jù)庫查找，對于新建立的文件查找不到

需要updatedb來配合locate來查找文件或目錄，適合查找系統(tǒng)文件或命令 Grep文件中搜索指定的字串

Grep 指定字串 源文件

Grep ftp /etc/services 幫助命令：man 英文：manual 可以獲得幫助信息（man 命令或配置文件）

只能查看配置文件的幫助

Man 1 詞（命令）

man 5 詞（配置文件）獲得命令干什么用的：whatis 命令 Help 查看shell內(nèi)置命令的幫助

壓縮解壓命令：gzip 英文：gun zip Gzip 選項(xiàng)（文件）壓縮后為.GZ格式

只能壓縮文件，不能壓縮目錄 不保留源文件

解壓縮：gunzip 或gzip –d Tar 可以打包文件和目錄

-c 產(chǎn)生打包文件.tar-v 顯示詳細(xì)信息

-f 指定壓縮后的文件名

-z 打包同時壓縮 Tar –zcvf dirl.tar.gz dirl File 文件名（可以判定這個文件為什么類型的文件）

-x 解包.tar文件 Tar –zxvf dirl.tar.gz 壓縮命令：zip Zip –r ；壓縮目錄 Zip 文件 ；壓縮文件

壓縮名稱：bzip2（壓縮比非常高）Bzip2 –k ；可以保留原文件 格式：.bz2 解壓：bunzip2-k 壓縮文件名；保留原壓縮文件

網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信指令：write 給在線的用戶發(fā)信息，實(shí)施通信工具ctrl+D結(jié)束回話 Wall 網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)廣播

Ping –s 包的大?。ㄗ畲?5507）ip地址

-c ping幾個包 Shell應(yīng)用技巧 快捷鍵：ctrl+l 清屏

Ctrl+u 光標(biāo)前所有內(nèi)容都刪掉 定義別名：alias copy=cp

Alias xrm=“rm –r”組合命令必須要帶“”

Alias 顯示別名列表 Unalias 取消別名

輸入/輸出重定向

計(jì)劃任務(wù)：每天定時發(fā)cpu系統(tǒng)使用情況例如TOP到指定郵箱，每天就收郵件查看系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)就可以了，回頭可以研究一下怎么做 2>在計(jì)劃任務(wù)中應(yīng)用比較廣泛 管道

Wc計(jì)數(shù)器，算一下又多少行

文本編輯器：vim/vi

這些配置是臨時的，沒有保存

需要修改配置文件來保存自己設(shè)定的快捷鍵和功能 ~/.vimrc 這就是配置文件

Hwclock –hctosys Hwclock 硬件時鐘 Mbr 主引導(dǎo)記錄

Windows 的引導(dǎo)自舉程序ntldr Linux的叫GRUB Kernel 叫內(nèi)核

在系統(tǒng)啟動時，內(nèi)核只做兩件事：驅(qū)動硬件 啟動進(jìn)程init

數(shù)字越小越優(yōu)先啟動 切換的時候K開頭的文件被用到了

Linux系統(tǒng)啟動步驟：

自舉程序GRUB

Hd0，0 第一個硬盤，第一個分區(qū)

進(jìn)入GRUB輸入空格+1 按b啟動單用戶模式

第二篇：中級班學(xué)習(xí)小結(jié)（模版）

中級班學(xué)習(xí)小結(jié)

進(jìn)入中級班的學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)有一段時間了。對 高老師講授的五輪念誦，觀想次第、施無畏印、分身修法及凈土講座都進(jìn)行了比較認(rèn)真地學(xué)習(xí)和思考。

關(guān)于五輪念誦。由于在參加學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)之前，自己一直堅(jiān)持開口念誦，自我感覺持誦聲音逐漸靠后，也比較渾厚，以為念誦速度快了，而且嘴唇不動便是金剛念誦。但直到聽了高老師的講座示范，才知道何為金剛念誦，可能由于過去有一定的基礎(chǔ)，聽完高老師的開示后，自己即能做到金剛念誦，之后有試著在五輪進(jìn)行念誦，除了頂輪感覺不是很明顯外，其他幾處都能感覺到震動。特別是進(jìn)行金剛念誦時，能體會到音聲海的感覺。

關(guān)于觀想次第。在聽高老師講授之前，自己也進(jìn)行觀想，主要是字輪和準(zhǔn)提佛母的觀想，關(guān)于光明的觀想很少。因過去修過安那般那，所以覺得風(fēng)息觀很好，也曾做過嘗試。聽完高老師的開示，才知道修風(fēng)息觀一定有良好的觀想基礎(chǔ)才可為之。所以便決定從光明觀入手，一步一個腳印，拾階而上。由于過去對字輪觀有些基礎(chǔ)，現(xiàn)在能比較容易地觀想出九圣梵字。但我覺還是要按部就班進(jìn)行。

關(guān)于分身修法。聽完高老師的講授，感觸良多，覺得高老師講得太精彩了。其實(shí)我們的每一個作為每一個念頭雖然已經(jīng)成為了過去，但若將善的念頭善的行為利用好了，可謂功德無量，事半功倍。比如說，我們每天打坐持咒，若是我們已經(jīng)下坐了，但仍觀想自身還在那里打坐持咒，那是何等功效，推而廣之，我們前生、今生有多少次這樣的善行，若觀想這些善行仍在繼續(xù)，那真可謂是盡虛空遍法界了。這樣的功德何其大。特別是高老師講到持誦門時，若我們現(xiàn)在觀想自身一直在阿彌陀佛前持誦六字洪名，年年相續(xù)無有間斷，身語意業(yè)無有疲厭，何愁不能往生極樂。

關(guān)于施無畏印。覺得此法用于治病救人，的確十分方便，也從網(wǎng)上看到一些師兄運(yùn)用此法的效果。今后要認(rèn)真修習(xí)。以便在關(guān)鍵時候治病救人。如意鉤修法只看了一遍。印象不是太深。今后要加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)。

最讓我體會深刻的是高老師對凈土的講座，實(shí)在是太精彩了，消除了自己過去對如何往生凈土的很多不正確的知見，進(jìn)一步堅(jiān)定了自己今生必定往生凈土的信心。我覺得，高老師關(guān)于凈土的開示應(yīng)該廣泛流通，讓更多的人知曉凈土法門的殊勝和易行，破除過去錯誤的自以為是的知見。高老師所言，不能因?yàn)樽屓藗兂纸涠鴶嗨土送鷥敉恋臋C(jī)會。

十分感謝學(xué)院及高老師的法部施，也十分感謝班主任徐老師的悉心指導(dǎo)。

嗡，折隸，主隸，準(zhǔn)提，愿學(xué)院的準(zhǔn)提事業(yè)越來越好，準(zhǔn)提法遍揚(yáng)十方，愿高老師、徐老師及學(xué)院各位老師一切如意，六時吉祥，梭哈。嗡，部林。

第三篇：嵌入式linu學(xué)習(xí)心得

嵌入式Linux學(xué)習(xí)心得

1、Linux命令

ls:查看目錄-l以列表方式查看;ls –l 與ll的功能一樣 pwd: 查看當(dāng)前的目錄

cd:改變當(dāng)前操作目錄cd /直接跳到根目錄 cd..回到上一級目錄 cat: 打印顯示當(dāng)前文件的內(nèi)容信息

mkdir:創(chuàng)建目錄

fdisk: 查看硬盤分區(qū)信息，-l以列表方式查看

->代表是鏈接文件，類似window下的快捷方式。

cp: 復(fù)制命令,例子cp 文件名 /home/dir/

mv: 移動或改名，如mv sonf.confsonf.txt(改名)移動：mv sonf.conf / rm:刪除命令，如rm –f test.c;如刪除目錄rm –fr d

man:查看某個命令的幫助，man 命令

2、各系統(tǒng)目錄的功能

drw—r—w--:d代表是目錄，drw代表當(dāng)前用戶的權(quán)限，r代表組用戶的權(quán)限，w代表其它用戶的權(quán)限。x代表有執(zhí)行權(quán)限。

/boot/gruff.conf: 啟動引導(dǎo)程序

/dev:brw—rw--:b代表是塊設(shè)備。Linux設(shè)備有三種，塊設(shè)備（b開頭）、字符設(shè)備(c開頭)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備。had代表第一個硬盤，hdb代表第二個硬盤。Hdb2代表第二塊硬盤的第二個分區(qū)。3，67代表主設(shè)備為3，從設(shè)備為67./etc:存放的是系統(tǒng)的配置文件。Inittab文件存放不同啟動方式下必須啟動的進(jìn)程。Inittab文件中有6個啟動level，wait中對應(yīng)著6個level的目錄，respawn代表當(dāng)一個進(jìn)程被意外終止了，但會自動啟動的進(jìn)程，如守護(hù)進(jìn)程。rc.d目錄中存放了一個rc.sysinit文件，里面存放系統(tǒng)初始化配置信息。/etc還有一個vsftpd里面存放tcp、ftp的配置。

/home : 用戶目錄，存放用戶的文件，/lib：存放庫文件，后綴為so的文件代表動態(tài)鏈接庫。

/lost+found：系統(tǒng)意外終止，存放一些可以找回的文件。

/mnt：掛載外部設(shè)備，如掛載光驅(qū)：mount –t /dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom，如

果在雙系統(tǒng)中，要查看windows中D盤的文件，首先應(yīng)該將D盤的文件映射過來，mount –t /dev/hda2/mnt/windows/d

/opt:用戶安裝的應(yīng)用程序

/proc:是系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的映射，比較重要。里面的文件數(shù)字代表進(jìn)程號。每個進(jìn)程號目錄下包含進(jìn)程的基本信息。還有其他信息，如cpuinfo等，內(nèi)核支持的文件系統(tǒng)filesystem等。系統(tǒng)支持的中斷interrupts，iomen代表內(nèi)存分配情況。ioport存放IO端口號。還有分區(qū)信息，modole信息，狀態(tài)信息，版本信息

對于Linux的設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序，有兩種加載模式，一種是直接加載進(jìn)linux內(nèi)核，一種是以模塊的方式加載到內(nèi)核。

/sbin： 系統(tǒng)管理的一些工具。如poweroff關(guān)機(jī)工具。

/usr: 安裝系統(tǒng)時很多文件放在此目錄下面，包含一些更新等，include包含的頭文件，lib 是Linux的庫文件，src包含Linux2.4的內(nèi)核源碼

/var：存放是臨時變量

3、

第四篇：曾奇峰精神分析中級班學(xué)習(xí)隨想

曾奇峰精神分析中級班學(xué)習(xí)隨想

《個人隨筆》天高云淡

2009-06-12

——曾奇峰精神分析中級班學(xué)后隨想

曾奇峰主講的精神分析中級班昨天下午就結(jié)束了，但是我現(xiàn)在也還沉浸在一種離情別緒之中，以至于十分想寫點(diǎn)東西卻不知道從何寫起。在分離的時候，小組里一些女性成員潸然淚下。我對于分離倒確實(shí)沒有太大的感受，在我記憶中，離別（小學(xué)畢業(yè)、初中畢業(yè)、高中畢業(yè)、大學(xué)畢業(yè)）都是一種如釋重負(fù)的感覺，是一種新生的感覺，沒有什么值得難過的。同組的老大媽說，那是因?yàn)殚啔v太少，或許如此？未必盡然！

我是這樣一個人：可以輕松面對離別，但是很久以后，還會常常想起那些與我離別了的人。

精神分析：越學(xué)越快樂

“搞心理的人都是心理有問題的人”，這是很多人調(diào)侃心理咨詢師說辭，實(shí)際上很多人也是這么認(rèn)為的。與很多同行一樣，做心理咨詢，我也是半路出家，在“出家”之前，我也深感一些搞心理咨詢的人奇奇怪怪的，說話都是非常人的方式，讓人難以接受。后來我被學(xué)校調(diào)到心理咨詢中心工作，我還一度提醒自己，千萬不要學(xué)心理咨詢學(xué)的太深以至于自己也變成不正常的人。那時我非常好奇，是這些人學(xué)了心理學(xué)才變成不正常的呢，還是本來這些人就是不正常的呢。在這次精神分析中級班上，曾老師在和一個同學(xué)做演示的時候，我又產(chǎn)生了類似的問題——某些人是因?yàn)楸緛砭童偭巳缓蟛艑W(xué)的精神分析呢，還是因?yàn)閷W(xué)了精神分析后才變瘋的呢。

我想，肯定有不少同學(xué)與我有同樣的困惑，而且有很多同學(xué)甚至認(rèn)為是因?yàn)閷W(xué)了精神分析之后才變瘋的，所以他們一再表白不愿意深入學(xué)習(xí)精神分析。應(yīng)該說，在課程結(jié)束之前，對于“瘋”和“學(xué)習(xí)精分”之間的關(guān)系我已經(jīng)有了初步答案，沒想到曾老師也對這個問題進(jìn)行了講解（足以證明這是一個普遍問題），使我更加清晰明白起來。曾老師說，學(xué)習(xí)精神分析之后，應(yīng)該使自己更加豐富，更加愉快，尤其重要的是，學(xué)習(xí)了精分之后應(yīng)該能夠讓別人快樂。而學(xué)習(xí)精神分析走火入魔的表現(xiàn)則是，自己越來越不穩(wěn)定，越來越痛苦，人際關(guān)系越來越緊張。對于曾老師的說法，應(yīng)該更深一步，那些學(xué)習(xí)精分走火入魔的人，其實(shí)也不是精神分析的問題，而是其本人已經(jīng)具備了“魔”的潛質(zhì)，精神分析只是他的一個導(dǎo)火索而已。這就使我想起，曾老師在課上講的一個例子，他的一個女研究生學(xué)習(xí)精神分析后，動不動就會把自己的丈夫分析一下，搞的丈夫?qū)穹治雠鹬袩?。我?dāng)時嘆了一口氣，嘆氣的原因有一絲是替這個丈夫難過，但更多的是為精神分析抱不平。如果說精神分析是一把利劍的話，我想，這把利劍是成為和平的維護(hù)者，還是成為戰(zhàn)亂的制造者，不在于劍本身，而在于拿劍的人。

這也讓我想起中國歷史上的美女們，比如妲己、比如褒姒、比如楊貴妃、比如趙飛燕，這些美女被后來的所謂仁人君子罵為紅顏禍水，甚至有的人（明太祖？）說，如果我不是女人生，就要把天下的女人都?xì)?。我真的為這些女人感到無比的冤屈，試想一下，如果娶這些女人的人不是昏君，她們還會造成如此的禍害嗎？譬如，楊貴妃嫁給了康熙帝，趙飛燕嫁給了唐太宗，又會如何呢？我們中國人，總會找一些人為尊者墊背，這些女人就是墊背墊了幾千年的人。希望精神分析不會成為墊背的。

我接觸精神分析時間也極短，雖然和其他人一樣，很久以前就知道了弗洛伊德，知道了他和他的弟子們的一些理論，但是很膚淺、很表面化，當(dāng)然現(xiàn)在也還很膚淺、很表面話。今年元月份，我參加了曾老師主講的精神分析初級班，不記得當(dāng)時具體的感受了，現(xiàn)在回想就是一種醍醐灌頂、茅塞頓開的感覺。再一個感覺就是自我價(jià)值感明顯提高，如果用金錢衡量的話，初級班之前我感覺自己值50元，此后感覺能值150

元。還有，參加完精神分析的初級班，雖然我也沒記住太多的理論，如果考試的話可能都考不及格，但是，很多精神分析的東西真的滲透到了我的骨子里。這次參加中級班，我倒沒有什么明確的目的，但是上課前的確有一種期盼。上課的過程中，包括小組活動中，我總的感覺，我已經(jīng)基本做到了體驗(yàn)多、邏輯少。通過這一次學(xué)習(xí)，我真的體驗(yàn)到而非認(rèn)識到精神分析直指人性的東西，或許精神分析應(yīng)該稱為人性分析更合理。

總的來說，精神分析確實(shí)像一把刀，一層層剝掉包裹在人性之外的衣服，讓本真的人性展示出來。面對本真的人性，會有些讓我們惶恐，因?yàn)槲覀兛磻T了穿著服裝的人性，一旦看到真實(shí)的它肯定有些不習(xí)慣，但是，我確實(shí)感受到了，本真的人性確實(shí)更美。我為能看到一些本真的人性而感到快樂，而這個快樂是精神分析帶給我的，所以我說，精神分析越學(xué)愉快樂。

做一個用鼻子進(jìn)行心理咨詢的咨詢師

曾老師講課過程中，常常說的話就是“我一聞就聞出了味道”（還有一句話就是“諸如此類的”）。曾老師也曾問我，是否聞出了精神分析的味道，我當(dāng)時想了想，感覺自己還沒有聞出味道，并如實(shí)回答。答畢我著實(shí)焦慮了一陣子，可能是因?yàn)槲耶?dāng)慣了好學(xué)生，在我的思維中，好學(xué)生就是要使自己的答案讓老師滿意吧?，F(xiàn)在想想，這七天的學(xué)習(xí)中，我實(shí)際上是用鼻子聞的，縱便是沒有聞出來精神分析的味道，我至少還是學(xué)會了用鼻子去學(xué)習(xí)精神分析。一旦用鼻子去學(xué)習(xí)，感覺頓時不一樣了。由此，我覺得，作為心理咨詢師，也應(yīng)該用鼻子去做心理咨詢。

所謂用鼻子做心理咨詢，其實(shí)就是用心去感受心理咨詢的過程，并且對自己的感受進(jìn)行分析和厘清，有的時候感覺真的比邏輯思維好用的多。在我的咨詢案例中就有過這樣一個例子，遺憾的是，這是一個反例。曾經(jīng)有一個家庭來我這里咨詢，主要問題是上初中的孩子學(xué)習(xí)成績下降，與其他孩子不同的是，這個孩子不是不愿意學(xué)習(xí)，而是非?？炭啵踔脸３０疽?，但就是不能在課堂上集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。對于這樣的情況，按照家庭治療的理論，我覺得這肯定是孩子在家里沒有得到足夠的尊重，是一種潛意思的對抗父母的方式。但是在咨詢過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)父母都挺和善，對孩子也很民主，我很快排除了父母的問題，甚至都覺得沒必要讓父母參加了。于是主要針對這個孩子進(jìn)行咨詢，給人的感覺是，孩子很努力、很上進(jìn)，在不斷嘗試各種學(xué)習(xí)方法，希望自己學(xué)習(xí)成績提高，就是不能找到一個適合自己的方法，就是無法控制自己以便集中精力。孩子說話一直冠冕，回答我的問題就像在做政治作業(yè)，比如我問他，你希望自己成為一個什么樣的人，他會說希望自己能成為一個德、智、體、美、勞全面發(fā)展的人，能成為一個對社會有用的人，諸如此類，給人以虛的感覺。我也意識到了他這種“虛”背后肯定有問題，只是沒有深入，更沒有用心體驗(yàn)，而是不斷發(fā)動自己的大腦，套用各種理論，想找到原因，最后，并沒有找到原因，這個案例也就不了了之?，F(xiàn)在回想起來，重新體會一下當(dāng)時的感受，其實(shí)整個家庭給我的感覺其實(shí)都是客套的感覺，給我一種就像政治對話一樣，話語都很正確，就是缺乏感情。如果當(dāng)時我能認(rèn)真體會這樣的感受，并且深入下去，可能會找到真正的原因。

這讓我感到，做心理咨詢可能真不應(yīng)該用大腦去做，而是應(yīng)該用鼻子或者用身體去做，深入其中，去感受，去體驗(yàn)，也就是去看清楚反移情是什么，這對做咨詢肯定會有極大的幫助。而很多像我這樣的初學(xué)者恰恰相反，在聽完一段敘述之后，總是想搜刮盡所有的學(xué)習(xí)了的知識，看看來訪者的情況是符合哪一理論的，是哪一類的問題等等，這樣做或許是與真正的心理咨詢背道而馳的。這也許可以解釋，為什么某些沒學(xué)心理咨詢的人一樣可以起到心理咨詢師的作用。由此我也深深的感到，做心理咨詢真的應(yīng)該是女人去做，我這樣的男人用大腦工作慣了的，真的難以撇開大腦，全身心感受，我真的應(yīng)該為自己的職業(yè)生涯感到惆悵。

“士為知己者死”的感想

咱們中國有句古話或者俗話，就是“士為知己者死，女為悅己者容”。女為悅己者容不牽扯太大的事情，頂多是穿衣打扮的問題，而士為知己者死則大不同，很多重大事件的發(fā)生，其背后的動力都來源于這句話。在《唐雎不辱使命》一文中所說“夫?qū)ＶT之刺王僚也，彗星襲月；聶政之刺韓傀也，白虹貫日；要離之刺

慶忌也，倉鷹擊于殿上”，專諸、聶政、要離這三個人，都是因?yàn)闉橹核啦湃绱藠^不顧身，無所畏懼的。這三個人也都是改寫了當(dāng)時的歷史的人。

我想到“士為知己者死”這句話源于小組成員對我的評價(jià)，她說我在不斷把自己呈現(xiàn)給母親，而母親可能在忙些什么，沒有給予關(guān)注，這讓我很焦慮。聽了這句話，我有一種一針見血的感覺，隨之就是胃里不舒服，伴隨著的還以一種遇到知己的感覺，當(dāng)時想這要是我的媽多好，那就會騰出時間來給我以我需要的關(guān)注了。這雖然是對我個人的一句評價(jià)，但是細(xì)想起來，在咱們中國的歷史里，能夠得到母親的關(guān)愛的人也真是太少了。在古代，那些還皇親貴族、官宦人家，孩子一生出來就由奶媽帶著，親生母親幾乎沒有太多接觸機(jī)會，后來長大成人，因?yàn)榉N種制度，母子間也多變?yōu)槎Y節(jié)往來的關(guān)系。如果說富貴人家的母親是因?yàn)槎Y儀而不能親近孩子，那么窮家的母親則是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)等方面而沒有精力親近孩子。一言以蔽之，很多中國人都缺乏母親的關(guān)注。這突然讓我想起一個事情來，歸有光在《項(xiàng)脊軒志》中這樣寫道——【嫗又曰：“汝姊在吾懷，呱呱而泣；娘以指扣門扉曰：‘兒寒乎？欲食乎？’吾從板外相為應(yīng)答?！闭Z未畢，余泣，嫗亦泣】。大概意思是作者的乳母說，當(dāng)年作者的姐姐在乳母懷里哭泣，作者的母親就會隔著門問孩子是不是凍著了，是不是餓著了，講述完這樣的場景，作者和乳母都一起哭了起來。歸有光之所以哭是對母愛的懷念，相信很多人讀到這里的時候都會感受到那種母愛，然而，即便是這種本能的母愛，也還隔著一道門扉，有一道屏障。魯迅先生說，封建禮教是吃人的，我覺得更直白一些說，封建禮教是吃人性的，是泯滅人性的。

總的來說，中國歷史上的人們大都缺乏母親的關(guān)愛，因此在他們都渴望得到母親的注意，或者說渴望注意，一旦有人注意到自己，一旦有人了解自己，這種注意和了解使他們感激的愿意去死。這就是所謂的“士為知己者死”的原因吧。

寫至此，忽然想大哭！

如沐春風(fēng)

寫這一部分我忽然阻抗的厲害。雖然到要吃飯的時間還很長，至少可以寫完這部分再去吃飯，但是我忽然覺得很困，繼而懷疑這個題目是否合適，是不是應(yīng)該換成“簡單而快樂”之類的，磨蹭了一會，就出去吃飯了。經(jīng)過飯間的梳理，還是不打算寫出來內(nèi)心的真實(shí)的想法，可見阻抗之深，只好以另外的故事去寫了。

記得課程快結(jié)束的時候，老師講到了林語堂寫蘇東坡傳記的事情。林語堂在寫到蘇東坡受到諸多不公平之后，為蘇東坡的遭遇而憤憤不平，于是有人評論林語堂根本沒有資格寫蘇東坡傳記，因?yàn)槊鎸δ切┎还?，蘇東坡自己都沒有憤憤，而林語堂卻按捺不住了，可見林語堂的人格水平遠(yuǎn)在蘇東坡之下。而一個人格水平低的人是沒有資格評價(jià)人格水平高的人的，所以林語堂沒有資格寫蘇東坡傳記。大概就是這個意思吧。曾老師也說，精神分析應(yīng)該改名為人格鑒賞，而人格水平低的人是不能鑒賞人格水平高的人的。事實(shí)也確實(shí)如此，人格也具有鏡子的作用，在品評一個人的人格時，齷齪者會看到齷齪，廉潔者會看到廉潔，攻擊性強(qiáng)的人會體驗(yàn)到攻擊，懦弱的人則會體驗(yàn)到膽怯，其實(shí)齷齪也好，廉潔也好，攻擊也好，膽怯也好，那都不是那個人的人格，而是品評者的人格，這樣必然會使品評大失公允。所以，只有那些簡單的人所看到的才可能是或者更多的是被品評人的人格，而簡單的人，我認(rèn)為是人格水平高的體現(xiàn)。只有簡單的人，才會讓人覺得如沐春風(fēng)，在我們小組就有這樣的人，給人以簡單而快樂的感覺。

我覺得，這些簡單而快樂的人，或者說人格水平比較高的人，才最適合做心理咨詢。而那些自己的問題還沒解決人，抱著治病的潛意識進(jìn)入心理咨詢行業(yè)的人，自己還過的慘兮兮的人，可能未必適合這個行業(yè)，至少目前不適合。

在培訓(xùn)結(jié)束的時候，和一個同學(xué)一起走，我說，我們這個培訓(xùn)班上不少同學(xué)都開著好車來培訓(xùn)，經(jīng)濟(jì)上比較富裕，我認(rèn)為這些做心理咨詢是比較適合的，因?yàn)?，某種意義上經(jīng)濟(jì)水平和人格水平是成正比的。這種

觀點(diǎn)可能會有失偏頗，然而也未必沒有道理。

寫到這里，我似乎感覺到必然有人跳出來指著我的鼻子罵：幼稚！呵呵，我姑且一說，你姑且一聽，我又沒說你，你著急什么啊，別當(dāng)回事。

“較真”與“較勁”

是“較真”的人更讓人害怕呢，還是“較勁”的人更讓人可拍呢？我覺得，似乎兩種人都是挺讓人害怕的，但比較而言，較勁肯定更讓人害怕。較真總是有個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，譬如說，行人都靠右邊走，較真的人就會嚴(yán)格堅(jiān)持靠右走，一旦違反這個規(guī)矩他就會把你大罵一頓。這樣的人確實(shí)也有點(diǎn)讓人害怕，因?yàn)樵谒媲安荒芊稿e誤，然而還好，我就小心謹(jǐn)慎就可以了。而較勁的人則不是如此，他會在你靠右走的時候罵你怎么不靠左走，而你靠左走的時候罵你怎么不靠右走，你不走的時候罵你怎么不走，而且揪住你不放，直到把你搞死。你說這種人可怕不可怕？

我是親身體會到了這種恐懼。其實(shí)在精神分析的小組中，受到攻擊十分正常，更何況我自己也是一個容易引起攻擊的人。然而面對過來的攻擊，我感受確實(shí)不同的。譬如有一個女同學(xué)，用各種方式攻擊我，我們還進(jìn)行了彼此分析，覺得這種攻擊其實(shí)是高濃度情感，這不僅沒讓我害怕，反而讓我竊喜，即便事實(shí)并非如此，至少我是可以用精神勝利法化解的。對于她的攻擊，我感覺我完全可以應(yīng)付的了，而且可以想玩就玩，不想玩就可以躲得開。所以我不恐懼。而另外一個同學(xué)給我的感覺則全然不是，雖然她言語上并不是很激烈，但是我深深的感受到，她的攻擊讓我化不開、躲不掉，也就是說無論我怎么做都沒用，想躲都不行，她會一直盯著我。這可能就是“較勁”。

和較勁的人在一起，讓人感到透不過氣來。較勁的人自己也必定是不快樂的，因?yàn)檫@種較勁肯定是潛意識的，其本人并不知覺，在給別人帶來恐懼的同時，自己也肯定會感到不順心，這也會導(dǎo)致朋友、親人的疏離，自然也是不幸的。

光鮮的女人

我們小組有一位大姐，一起參加初級班的時候我就注意到了，衣著很得體，也很漂亮，外表看來也很鮮亮，算得上題目上所寫的“光鮮的女人”了。初級班的時候，我的感覺這是一個控制欲很強(qiáng)的人，常常想操控老師，其次的感覺就是一種疏遠(yuǎn)的感覺，這就是所謂的隔離吧。中級班的時候她也來了，我們倆還分到了一個組里。在曾老師示范的時候，她簡單陳述了她的故事，還說到自己男人緣很好，我對此就很有些懷疑，我作為一個男人，怎么沒有感受到吸引，而感受到的是排斥呢？后來分析一下，或許是因?yàn)槲也痪邆淠承l件，比如年齡。在小組里進(jìn)行分析的時候，她說她的一個小小的煩惱吧，就是幾乎一天換一件衣服，愛買衣服，家里僅裙子就200多條等等。我們分別進(jìn)行了分析，我堅(jiān)信我的分析是最有道理的——滿足一下自己的自戀。其實(shí)這些都不是我要說的，我想說的是，在分析她的過程中，有人問及了她的婚姻狀況，似乎想知道婚姻是否有問題之類的。在我看來，一個光鮮的女人婚姻肯定沒問題。

這種論斷或許有點(diǎn)武斷了，比如，潘金蓮吧，婚姻不幸，不也很漂亮，很光鮮嗎？潘金蓮我不是很認(rèn)識，也沒有交往過，所以不知道是否真有此人，即便是真有此人，那也是萬惡的舊社會的事情，與當(dāng)時的歷史情況有關(guān)。在當(dāng)今世界上，如果一個女人長期處于婚姻不幸的狀態(tài)，我不相信，她還可以光艷照人，或許她可以穿漂亮、時尚的衣服，卻不可能有亮麗的膚色，更不可能有女人的味道。如果有人問，是否調(diào)查過，我真的沒調(diào)查過，只是作為一個男人的感覺而已。或者從另外一個方面說，如果一個女人衣著得體，舉止優(yōu)雅，光彩照人，她的丈夫會不喜歡她，會不珍惜她？除非這個男人有問題。

由此我想到的是，女人首先要當(dāng)一個女人，然后再當(dāng)妻子、母親、女兒以及職業(yè)中的角色。在我提出這個觀點(diǎn)的時候，有同學(xué)問我，如果女人不是妻子、母親等，怎么顯示她是女人，這個問題足以說明，女人迷失了自己女人的特點(diǎn)實(shí)在太久了。女人是什么，我認(rèn)為，首先是女性，野蠻的說，就是雌性動物，雌性動

物天然的職責(zé)就是吸引雄性動物。怎么吸引雄性呢，自然是要把自己的雌性氣息散發(fā)出來，比如嫵媚啊、比如柔情啊，甚至還有風(fēng)騷一點(diǎn)啊。這樣的女人肯定會吸引所有正常的男人，一個能吸引男人的女人，做好別的還有什么難的呢？從一個男人的角度看，這樣的女人實(shí)在太少了。

寫到這里連我自己都有點(diǎn)覺得寫得不對，但這是我的真實(shí)感受，從邏輯層面確實(shí)難以圓滿的分析，雄性動物的感受而已。

真實(shí)有時讓人害怕

在我們小組的十七個人中，有一個人讓很多人的感受肯定是害怕，覺得此人有點(diǎn)不正常，是不是學(xué)精神分析學(xué)瘋了，再加上她在評論一些人的時候，勸人家這么大年紀(jì)了，學(xué)精神分析干什么啊，之類的。于是，肯定有幾個人，把她看成了精神分析的犧牲品，對她同情的同時，也增加了對精神分析的仇恨，堅(jiān)定了遠(yuǎn)離精神分析的決心。

我倒實(shí)在沒有害怕的情緒，學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，尤其是在她發(fā)言的時候，我深刻的感受到的是一種真實(shí)，至少是一種脫去了很多外殼（雖然沒有全脫去）之后的真實(shí)。然而這種真實(shí)會讓一些人害怕，或許是因?yàn)槲覀兞?xí)慣了周圍的不真實(shí)，而面對真實(shí)的時候反而不知所措。尤其是只有一個人真實(shí)的時候，更讓其他的人害怕。當(dāng)我們面對這種害怕的時候，防御機(jī)制會告訴我們：這個人不正常。我們?yōu)槭裁春ε抡鎸?shí)呢，可能是因?yàn)檎鎸?shí)的人就像一面沒有瑕疵的鏡子吧，在那里我們照出了真實(shí)的自己，真實(shí)的我們都能看到自己的肺腑和自己的骨骼。我們都知道，X光下的人體是真實(shí)的，卻是不美的，當(dāng)面對這樣的不美的時候，防御機(jī)制再一次幫助了我們，它會告訴我們，那個影像是假的，X光機(jī)有問題。大抵如此吧。

本來有很多要說的，因?yàn)橐粋€小組成員已經(jīng)回到家里，并且用qq跟我聊天，很大的擾動了我的思緒，不知道說什么好了。我想說什么呢？一是想告訴那個真實(shí)的人，適當(dāng)掩遮一下，別嚇著別人；再就是想告訴其他的人，真實(shí)其實(shí)是很美的。

自我分析：對幼稚的恐懼

在自由聯(lián)想的時候，我充當(dāng)咨詢師的角色，另外一個小女孩作為來訪者進(jìn)行自由聯(lián)想。確實(shí)由于我的身體疾病的因素我坐不住了，曾老師，提醒了一下我，除了身體原因，有沒有其他原因，我為了配合權(quán)威，想了想說覺得她的說法太幼稚了。曾老師說這就很有意思了，值得思考。這也確實(shí)引起了我的思考，是我討厭幼稚，還是我恐懼幼稚呢（忽然覺得精分的角度，討厭就是恐懼，這個問題問的水平太低了）？應(yīng)該是后者吧。在小組討論過程中，我說了那句“光鮮的女人婚姻肯定沒問題”之后，小組中的老大媽說了一句“幼稚！”，我當(dāng)時就有一種被刀子捅了一下的感覺，到現(xiàn)在還隱隱作痛。當(dāng)然，我覺得那個老大媽也確實(shí)夠狠，可以不費(fèi)吹灰之力、于無意間發(fā)現(xiàn)我的軟肋，使我有一種被搞死的感覺。

還是不說老大媽了，可能有這樣的感覺不是老大媽的事情，還是說我為什么恐懼幼稚吧。以我目前的學(xué)習(xí)水平，我覺的用精神分析的方法分析，我可能幼年時期就生活在一種復(fù)雜的環(huán)境下，時刻要保持警惕，時刻要進(jìn)行抗?fàn)?，所以害怕幼稚，因?yàn)橐坏┯字闪耍蜁馐艿轿ｋU(xiǎn)。還有一種解釋方法，那就是，我試圖獲得父親的地位，只有成熟的人才能獲得這一地位，而幼稚的人是不可以的，因此，我恐懼幼稚。但無論是那種解釋吧，都足以說明，我的幼年肯定是不完美的。

不寫了吧。曾老師強(qiáng)調(diào)同行之間一定要有個團(tuán)隊(duì)，這個重要性我也是用身體感受到了的，所以，很希望我們的同學(xué)們能保持聯(lián)系。

魏廣東

2009-6-11

第五篇：Ishow2018中級班文本2.0

2018 Ishow中級班文本2.0 目錄

一、滑冰

二、Yuhong（移民）

三、照片（叔叔的小屋，爺爺奶奶家）

四、等車，寫投訴信

五、新加坡交通（限行，限購，繳稅，地鐵）

六、機(jī)場問路

七、看房子

八、問房子

九、Terry（工作，分手）

十、戒煙，改變，加俱樂部，減肥

十一、snails with garlic，fried brain

十二、周計(jì)劃（Florida），暑假計(jì)劃（work，Guadalajara in Mexico）

十三、背包旅行，參觀紐約

十四、Jason

十五、鄰居擾民，停錯車位

十六、圣誕節(jié)，變裝

十七、和服，婚禮

十八、工作打算

十九、工作打算（記者，老師，公務(wù)員，餐館）

二十、自由女神像

二十一、埃及金字塔，長城 二

十二、模特，作家

二十三、Joan，Bob近期情況（旅行，買房）二

十四、看電影 二

十五、拾金不昧 二

十六、電話咨詢節(jié)目

(1)

1.Ted: Oh, I'm really sorry.Are you OK? Ana: I'm fine.But I'm not very good at this.Ted: Neither am I.Say, are you from South America? Ana: Yes, I am originally.I was born in Argentina.Ted: Did you grow up there? Ana: Yes, I did, but my family moved here eight years ago when I was in high school.Ted: And where did you learn the rollerblade? Ana: Here in the park.This is only my second time.Ted: Well, it's my first time.Can you give me some lessons? Ana: Sure.Just follow me.Ted: By the way, my name is Ted.Ana: And I'm Ana.Nice to meet you.2.Ted: Hey, hey!That was fun.Thank you for the lesson!Ana: No problem.So, tell me a little about yourself.What do you do? Ted: I work in a travel agency.Ana: Really!What do you do there? Ted: I'm in charge of their computers.Ana: Oh, so you're a computer specialist.Ted: Well, sort of.Yeah, I guess so.Ana: That's great.Then maybe you can give me some help with a computer course I'm taking.Ted: Oh, sure...But only if you promise to give me some more rollerblading lessons.Ana: It's a deal!

(2)1.Interviewer: Where are you from originally, Yu Hong? Yu Hong: I'm from China...from near Shanghai.Interviewer: And when did you move here? Yu Hong: I came here after I graduated from college.That was in 1992.Interviewer: And what do you do now? Yu Hong: I'm a transportation engineer.Interviewer: I see.So you 're an immigrant to the United States? Yu Hong: Yes, that's right.Interviewer: What are some of the difficulties of being an immigrant in the U.S.? Yu Hong: Oh, That's not an easy question to answer.There are so many things really.I guess one of the biggest difficulties is that I don't have any relatives here.I mean, I have a lot of friends, but that's not the same thing.In China, on the holidays or the weekend, we visit relatives.It isn't the same here.Interviewer: And what do you miss the most from home? Yu Hong: Oh, that's easy, my mom's soup!She makes great soup.I really miss my mother's cooking.(3)

1.A: Hey!Are these pictures of you when you were a kid? B: Yeah!That’s me in front of my uncle’s beach house.When I was a kid, we used to spend two weeks there every summer.A: Wow, I bet that was fun!B: Yeah.We always had a great time.Every day we used to get up early and walk along the beach.I have a great shell collection.In fact, I think it’s still up in the attic!A: Hey, I used to collect shells, too, when I was a kid.But my parents threw them out!

2.A: You know what I remember most about growing up? B: What? A: Visiting my grandparent’s house… you know, on holidays and stuff.They lived way out in the country, and my granddad had a horse named Blackie.He taught me how to ride.I just love that horse-and she loved me, too!I used to really enjoy spending time at my grandparent’s house.And every time I came back, Blackie remembered me.B: Ah, memories!

(4)

1.A: Why is there never a bus when you want one? B: Good question.There aren’t enough buses on this route.A: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.B: Good idea.You should say that we need more subway lines, too.A: Yeah.There should be more public transportation in general.B: And fewer cars!There’s too much traffic.A: Say, is that our bus coming? B: Yes, it is.But look.It’s full!A: Oh, no!Let’s go and get a cup of coffee.We can talk about this letter I’m going to write.2.A: So you are really going to write a letter to the paper? B: Sure.I’m going to say something about the buses.They’re too old.We need more modern buses… nice air-conditioned ones.B: And they need to put more buses on the road.A: Right.And there are too many cars downtown, and there isn’t enough parking.B: That’s for sure.It’s impossible to find a parking space downtown these days.A: I think they should ban private cars downtown between nine and five.B: Oh, you mean they shouldn’t allow any cars except taxis and buses during the regular workday.Hmm… that sounds like a really good idea.(5)1.Quite a number of things have been done to help solve traffic problems in Singapore.For example, motorists must buy a special pass if they want to drive into the downtown business district.They can go into the business district only if they have the pass displayed on their windshield.Another thing Singapore has done is to make it more difficult to buy cars.People have to apply for a certificate if they want to buy a car.And the number of certificates is limited.Not everyone can get one.There is also a high tax on cars, so it costs three or four times as much to buy a car in Singapore as it does in, say, the United States or Canada.The other thing Singapore has done is to build an excellent pubic transportation system.Their subway system is one of the best in the world.And there is also a very good taxi and bus system.(6)

1.A: Excuse me.Could you tell me where the bank is? B: There’s one upstairs, across from the duty-free shop.A: Oh, thanks.Do you know what time it opens? B: It should be open now.It opens at 8:00A.M.A: Good.And can you tell me how often the buses leave for the city? B: You need to check at the transportation counter.It’s right down the hall.A: OK.And just one more thing.Do you know where the nearest restroom is? B: Right behind you, ma’am.See that sign? A: Oh.Thanks a lot.2.A: Excuse me.It’s me again.I’m sorry.I need some more information if you don’t mind.B: Not at all.A: Thanks.Do you know how much a taxi costs to the city? B: Well, it depends on the traffic, of course.But it usually costs about forty dollars.A: Forty dollars? I guess I’ll take the bus.That means I have almost an hour till the next one.Where could I find an inexpensive restaurant in the airport? Maybe a fast-food place? B: Go upstairs and turn right.You’ll see the snack bar on your left.A: Thanks very much.Have a nice day.B: You, too.(7)

1.A: What do you think? B: Well, it has just as many bedrooms as the last apartment.And the living room is huge.C: But the bedrooms are too small.And there isn’t enough closet space for my clothes.A: And it’s not as cheap as the last apartment we saw.B: But that apartment was dark and dingy.And it was in a dangerous neighborhood.A: Let’s see if the real estate agent has something else to show us.2.A: Well, um,how do you like this space, then? C: Oh, it’s much better than that other one.The thing I like best is the bedrooms.They are too huge!B: Yes, they are nice and big.C: And there are two bathrooms!I could have my own bathroom!B: Yes, I guess you could.C: The only problem is the color of the living room.I really don’t like those dark green walls.A: Oh, I’m sure we can change the color if we want to.3.A: Creative Rentals.Good morning.B: Hello.I’m calling about the apartment you have for rent.A: Yes.What can I tell you about it? B: Where is it, exactly? A: It’s on King Street, just off the freeway.B: Oh, near the freeway.Can you hear the traffic? A: Yes, I’m afraid you do hear some.But the apartment has lots of space.It has three bedrooms and a very large living room B: I see.And is it in a new building? A: Well, the building is about fifty years old.B: Uh-huh.Well, I’ll think about it.A: OK.Thanks for calling.B: Thank you.Bye

(8)1.A: Hello？

B: Hello.Is the apartment you’re advertising still available? A: Yes, it is.B: Can you tell me a little about it? A: Well, it’s a perfect apartment for one person.It’s one room with a kitchen at one end.B: I see.And is it far away from the subway? A: There’s a subway station just down the street.Actually, the apartment is located right downtown, so you step out of the building and there are stores and restaurants everywhere.But it’s on a high floor, so you don’t hear any street or traffic noise.B: It sounds like just the kind of place I’m looking for.I’d like to come see it, please.A: Sure.Let me give you the address.2.A:Town and city rentals.How can I help you? B:Hi!Um,Is that apartment youadvertised still available? A:Yes, it is.B:Oh, good.Um, listen,I,I can’t pay too much.So the low prise you asking is…is really good for me.A:Great.B;And how big is it? A:It’s two rooms plus the kichen and bathroom.B:Well, is it a safe place to live? A:Well,I can tell you I’ve lived here for five years and I never heard about anybody having a problem.B:Oh, that’s good.Uh, let see, oh yeah, does the apartment have a lot of windows? A:Windows, yes, there are plenty of windows, but unfortunately,there is’n much light really.See, there’s another building right next to ours.B:Oh,that’s OK.I’m never around in the day anyway.Do you think it’s alright if I come and look at it? A:Anytime.When you wanna see it.（9）

1.A: So where are you working now, Terry? B: Oh, I’m still at the bank.I don’t like it, though.A: That’s too bad.Why not? B: Well, it’s boring, and it doesn’t pay very well.A: I know what you mean.I don’t like my job either.I wish I could find a better job.B: Actually, I don’t want to work at all anymore.I wish I had a lot of money so I could retire now.A: Hmm, how old are you, Terry? B: Uh, twenty-six.2.A: So how are things going with you and Susie, Terry? B: Oh, you didn’t know? She and I broke up a couple of months ago.We decided we needed a break from each other for a while.But I miss her a lot.I wish we could get back together again.A: I’m sure you will.B: I really hope so.So what kind of job would you like to look for? A: I’m not sure, but I’d love something that would involve travel.And I’d really like to move to another city.I’m sick of this place.I need to live somewhere more exciting.B: I know what you mean.It sure can get boring around here at times.(10)1.A: Ugh!I feel awful.I really have to stop smoking.B: So why don't you quit? A: Well, if I quit, I might gain weight!B: A lot of people do, but...A: And if I gain weight, I won't be able to fit into any of clothes!B: Well, you can always go on a diet.A: Oh, no.I'm terrible at losing weight on diets.So if my clothes don't fit, I'll have to buy new ones.I'll have to get a part-time job, and...B: Listen, it is hard to quit, but it's not that hard.Do you want to know how I did it?

2.A: Well, giving up smoking isn't really as hard as you think.I managed to do it, so it can't be that difficult.You should try a nicotine gum.You chew it just like regular chewing gum, and you don't feel like smoking.B: Well, I guess it's worth a try.3.Yeah, I really need a change.I’ve been doing the same things for over five years now, and I’m just not learning anything new.It’s the same routine every day, and I am really sick of sitting in front of a computer.I think I need to try something totally different.I want to be in a profession that involves meeting people.4.I really need to join a club or sports team to give me something to do on weekends.I get really bored on the weekends, and if I joined a club.I’d probably get to meet people and make new friends.5.Gosh, I really have to go on a diet.I’ve gained ten pounds since last year, and everyone tells me I look fat.And if I don’t lose weight now, I won’t be able to get into any of my summer clothes.（11）

1.A: Hey, this sounds good — snails with garlic!Have you ever eaten snails? B: No, I haven’t

A: Oh, they’re delicious!I had them last time.Like to try some? B: No, thanks.They sound strange.C: Have you decided on an appetizer yet? A: Yes.I’ll have the snails, please.C: And you, sir? B: I think I’ll have the fried brains.A: Fried brains? Now that really sound strange!

2.A: Oh, good.Here comes the waitress now!C: Here are your snails, madam.And for you, sir… the fried brains.B: Thank you.A: Mmm, these snails are delicious!How are the brains? B: Well, I think they’re… yuck!Oh, sorry, I guess brains are pretty strange after all.Um, I think I’m going to order something else, if you don’t mind.A: Oh, sure.Go ahead.B: Miss!Excuse me, miss!C: Yes? B: Uh, I really don’t care for this appetizer.Could you bring me something else? C: Yes, of course.What would you like instead? A: Try the snails.B: No, I don’t think so.I’ll tell you what.Just forget an appetizer for me, and bring me a nice, juicy hamburger… medium rare…with French fries and a large soda.3.Have you finished with this A: Have you finished with this? B: No, I’m still drinking it.Thanks.4.A: Did you order this? B: Yes, that’s mine.Mmm, it looks great and smells delicious!

5.A: Don’t you like it? B: I haven’t tasted it yet.I’m waiting for the waitress to bring me a fork.6.A: Did you enjoy it? B: Well, it was a little tough.I think it was cooked for too long.7.A: How is it? B: Great.Just the way I like it: black and strong.8.A: Your turn or mine? B: It’s my treat this time.You paid last time.Remember?

（12）

1.A: I’m so excited!We have two weeks off!What are you going to do? B: I’m not sure.I guess I’ll just stay home.Maybe I’ll catch up on my reading.What about you? Any plans? A: Well, my parents have rented a condominium in Florida.I’m going to take long walks along the beach every day and do lots of swimming.B: Sounds great!A: Say, why don’t you come with us? We have plenty of room.B: Do you mean it? I’d love to!

2.A: Have you planned anything for the summer, Brenda? B: Yeah.I’m going to work the first month and save some money.Then I’m going to go down to Mexico for six weeks to stay with my sister.She’s working in Guadalajara.She says it’s really interesting there, so I want to go and see what to go and see what it’s like.It will also give me a chance to practice my Spanish.I’m really looking forward to it.3.A: So, what are you planning to do for your vacation, Judy? B: Oh, I’m doing something really exotic this year.You know, I went to Hawaii last year, and just stayed on the beach for two weeks.This year, I’m going white-water rafting!A: Ooh, that sounds great.But what is it, exactly? B: Oh, well, you know, it’s in Colorado.They have all these trips down the rapids.The water gets really rough, but I think it’ll be really exciting.Oh, I’m doing some rock climbing, too.A: And you call that a vacation?

（13）

1.A: Hey, Mom.I want to backpack around Europe this summer.What do you think? B: Backpack around Europe? That sounds dangerous!You shouldn’t go by yourself.You ought to go with someone.A: Yes, I’ve thought of that.B: And you’d better talk to your father first.A: I already did.He thinks it’s a great idea.He wants to come with me!

2.A: What should people do to make their visit to New York City safe and pleasant? B: I think the biggest mistake many people make is trying to do too much in a short time.There’s so much to see and do that you need to have a plan.It’s best to start planning before you get here, so you have information about hotels, restaurants, sightseeing, and so on.Visitors can use our Web site to get the information they need to start planning before they come here;or they can phone or fax us.Interviewer: How safe is New York City for tourists?

Spokesperson: New York is a much safer place than many people think.In fact, it’s the safest it’s been in thirty years!Interviewer: Oh, that’s good to hear!

Spokesperson: Yes, but that doesn’t mean people don’t have to be careful;tourists in New York ought to be careful, just like in any big city in the world.For students, I would say travel in groups.If you get lost, it’s easier as a group to find your way.You really shouldn’t go off on your own if you can find someone to go with you.Another thing to remember is: Don’t be afraid to ask for directions, even if your English isn’t perfect.People often stop me on the street to ask for directions, and that’s not only foreign visitors.American visitors also have trouble finding their way around;and you’ll find New Yorkers are really very friendly.Interviewer: Yes, I agree.We are!Spokesperson: Uh-huh.Interviewer: Is there any other advice you can give visitors to the Big Apple?

Spokesperson: Well, another thing to remember is not to leave anything valuable in your car if you have one.Don’t leave suitcases on the back seat where people can see them, and it’s better not to even leave them in the truck.Most cars are very easy to get into.So it’s not worth the risk.But most people have a great time when they come to New York.And you will, too.If you use your common sense.（14）

1.A: Jason…Jason!Turn down the TV a little, please.B: Oh, but this is my favorite program!A: I know.But it’s very loud.B: OK.I’ll turn it down.A: That’s better.Thanks.B: Lisa, please pick up your things.A: They’re all over the living room floor.B: In a minute, Mom.I’m on the phone.A: OK.But do it as soon as you hang up.B: Sure.No problem.A: Goodness!Were we like this when we were kids? B: Definitely!

2.A: Have you noticed how forgetful Dad is getting? He’s always forgetting where his car keys are.It drives me crazy.B: And he can never find his glasses either.A: I know.B: You know what drives me crazy about Mom? A: What? B: Those awful talk shows she watches on TV.She just loves them.A: Yeah, I think she watches them for hourseveryday.B: Oh, well.I guess they’re just getting old.I hope I never get like that.A: Me, too.Hey, let’s go and play a video game.B: Great idea.By the way, have you seen my glasses anywhere?

3.A: James, please turn that down…James!B: Yes, Mom? A: Turn that down.It’s much too loud.B: Sorry, Mom.I had it turned up because I wanted to hear the game.4.A: Molly, put the groceries away, please.There’s ice cream in one of the bags.B: I can’t right now, Dad.I’m doing my homework.5.A: What’s this, James!B: Yeah, Mom? A: Why are there all these wet towels on the bathroom floor? Please pick them up and hang them up to dry.B: Gosh, I’m really sorry, Mom.I forgot all about them.7.A: Justin, come help me.We need to wash these dishes before your mother gets home.B: Oh, Dad.I’d like to help, but I have to call Laurie.It’s really important.8.A: Aimee, I think the dog is trying to tell you something!B: Well, I can’t possibly take him out right now.I’m doing my nails.（15）

1.A: Hi.I’m your new neighbor, George Rivera.I live next door.B: Oh, hi.I’m Stephanie Lee.A: So, you just moved in? Do you need anything? B: Not right now.But thanks.A: Well, let me know if you do.Um, by the way, would you mind turning your stereo down? The walls are really thin, so the sound goes right through to my apartment.B: Oh, I’m sorry!I didn’t realize that.I’ll make sure to keep the volume down.Oh, by the way, is there a good Italian restaurant in the neighborhood?

A: Yeah.There’s a great one a couple of blocks from here.Try their lasagna.It’s delicious!

2.A: Hello.I’m sorry to bother you, but I think your car is parked in my space downstairs.B: Really? A: Yes.Do you drive a blue Honda? B: Yes, I do.A: Well, there’s a blue Honda parked in space 13 and that’s my space.B: Oh, I’m so sorry.My son must have put it in the wrong space.Ours is the one right next to yours-number 12.Let me get my keys, and I’ll go right down and move the car.A: Thanks.B: And I’ll make sure my son doesn’t do it again.A: I appreciate it.3.A: Gee, Bob, you’re really late.You said you’d be here at six, and look at the time.It’s almost six thirty!

B: I’m really sorry.Tell you what: I’ll pay for dinner.A: Oh, it’s all right.You don’t have to do that.B: No, I want to pay.You had to wait for me almost half an hour.A: Well, hey, OK – if you insist.Thanks!

（16）

1.A: Did you know next week is Halloween? It’s on October 31 B: So what do you do on Halloween? We don’t have that holiday in Russia.A: Well, it’s a day when kids dress up in masks and costumes.They knock on people’s doors and ask for candy by saying the words“Trick or treat!” B: Hmm.Sounds interesting.A: But it’s not just for kids.Lots of people have costume parties.Hey… my friend Pete is having a party.Would you like to go? B: Sure.I’d love to.2.A: So are we going to wear costumes to the party? B: Of course.That’s half the fun.Last year I rented this great Dracula costume, and this year I’m going as a clown.A: A clown? Yes, you would make a good clown.B: Hey!A: Oh, I’m just kidding.What about me? What kind of costume should I wear? B: Why don’t you go as a witch? I saw a terrific witch outfit at the costume store.A: A witch… yeah, that’s a good idea.So after I scare people, you can make them laugh.（17）

1.A: You look beautiful in that kimono, Mari.Is this your wedding photo? B: Yes, it is.A: Do most Japanese women wear kimonos when they get married? B: Yes, many of them do.Then after the wedding ceremony, the bride usually changes into a Western bridal dress during the reception.A: Oh, I didn’t know that.2.A: Did you get married in a church, Mari? B: No, the ceremony was held at a shrine.A: Oh, a shrine…

B: Yes, we were married by a priest in a traditional Shinto ceremony.A: Hmm.And who went to the ceremony? B: Well, only the immediate family attended the ceremony… you know, our parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters…

A: And what about the reception? What was that like? B: Lots of friends and relatives came to the reception…about a hundred people.And the first thing happened was that the main guests gave formal speeches.A: Speeches? B: Yes, and then after that, all the guests were served a formal meal.While everyone was eating and drinking, lots of other guests gave short speeches or sang songs.Some of the speeches were funny.A: Sounds like fun!B: Yes, the songs and speeches are all part of the entertainment during a wedding reception.And then, at the end of the reception, each guest received a present for coming to the wedding.A: A present from the bride and groom? B: Yes, it’s a Japanese custom.A: What a nice custom!

(18)

1.A: So what kind of job are you looking for? B: Well, I haven’t made up my mind.I love working with people, and I love traveling.I don’t want a job where I’m stuck in an office all day.I want to get out and see the world.A: Are you interested in working in business? That’s where you can sometimes make good money.B: I’m not really interested in making a lot of money at this point in my life.I’ll worry about that later

2.A: What kind of career are you planning for yourself? B: I don’t know.I think I’d like to have a job where I can help people.Everybody else in my family is in law or business-you know, boring stuff like that.That’s just not for me.I know I’d like to work overseas, though.Maybe in a children’s hospital in a developing country.But that’s a long way away.I have to get into medical school first, and that’s not going to be easy!

3.A: What kind of job do I have in mind? Well, I don’t want a regular nine-to–five job.Eventually, I’d like to get into acting-maybe even break into movies.But I guess that won’t happen for a while.B: So what are you doing in the meantime? A: Well, I work out at the gym nearly every day.I need to be really fit.And I’m taking acting lessons as well so that I feel comfortable in front of the crowd.I just had some pictures taken to show to agents in the city.Would you like to see them? B: Sure.(19)1.Tim：I don’t know what classes to take this semester.I can’t decide what I want to do with my life.Have you thought about it, Brenda? Brenda: yes, I have.I think I’d make a good journalist because I love writing.Tim: maybe I could be a teacher because I’m very creative.And I like working with kids.Brenda: oh, I wouldn’t want to be a teacher.I’m too impatient.Tim: I know one thing I could never do.Brenda: what’s that? Tim: I could never be a stockbroker because I’m not good at making decisions quickly.2.Brenda: my history professor says I should think about a career in politics.But I don’t think I’d make a good politician.Tim: why not, Brenda? Brenda: oh, you know me.I’m terrible at speaking in front of a lot of people— you know, like giving speeches and things.And politicians have to speak in public all the time.Tim: that’s true.You know, that reminds me of a problem I’m having.Brenda: what is it? Tim: you know my parents have a really successful restaurant, right? Well, my father wants me to be the manager.Brenda: and you don’t want to? Tim: no, not at all.I’d be a terrible manager.I’m much too disorganized.（20）

1.A: We are now approaching the famous Statue of Liberty, which has welcomed visitors to New York Harbor since 1886.B: Wow!Look at it.A: Incredible, isn’t it? B: The statue was given to the United States by the people of France.It was designed by the French sculptor Bartholdi.A: It’s really huge.Do we get to go inside? B: Of course.We can climb the stairs all the way up to the crown.A: Stairs? There’s no elevator? B: Not to the top.But it’s just 142 steps!

2.Let me tell you a little more about the statue before you climb to the top.In case you’re wondering what the statue is made of, it has a framework inside that’s made of iron;the outer skin is made of copper.The copper skin is only 2.4 millimeters thick.The supporting framework inside the statue is what holds the whole thing together.The Statue of Liberty is a major tourist attraction, and every year about two million people from all over the world come here to visit it.(21)

A:The Pyramids were built more than four thousand years ago by the Egyptians.The most famous ones are on the west bank of the river Nile, outside of Cairo.They served as burial places for the Egyptian Kings.After a king’s death, his body was turned into what is called a “mummy.” The preserved it.The King’s mummy was placed inside the pyramid, together with treasures and the King’s belongings.B: The Great Wall of China is the longest manmade structure ever built.It was built to protect one of the Chinese kingdoms.Much of what exists of the wall today was built during the Ming Dynasty in the late 1400s, although parts of the wall are much older and go back to around 200 B.C.The wall is about 35 feet high, or 11 meters, and a stone roadway runs along the top of it.The main part of the wall stretches for about 2,000 miles, that is, about 3,400 kilometers.(22)

1.A: How did you get into modeling, Stacy? B: Well, when I graduated from drama school, I moved to Los Angeles to look for work as an actress.I was going to auditions every day, but I never got any parts.And I was running out of money.A: So, what did you do? B: I got a job as a waitress in a seafood restaurant.While I was working there, a customer offered me some work as a model.Within a few weeks, I was modeling full time.A: Wow, what a lucky break!

2.A: So, Richard, what did you do after you graduated? B: Well, I majored in English literature in college.A: Uh-huh.B: So when I graduated, I tried to make my living as a writer.A: Oh, really? B: Yeah.See, I’ve written a novel and I’ve sent it to eight different publishers, but they all, uh, rejected it.Say, would you like to read it, Stacy? I have it right here with me.A: Well, I’d love to read it, Richard,… but not right now.Uh, so do you have a job or anything? B: Oh, yes.I’m in sales.A: Oh!Where? B: Actually, I’m a salesclerk in a hardware store.But when my novel sells, I know I’ll be a best-selling author and I’ll make lots of money.(23)1.A: Hey, Joan!I haven’t seen you in ages.What have you been doing lately? B: Nothing exciting.I’ve been working two jobs for the last six months A: How come? B: I’m saving up money for a trip to Europe.A: Well, I’ve only been spending money.I quit my job to go to graduate school.I’m studying journalism.B: Really? How long have you been doing that? A: For two years.Luckily, I finish next month.I’m almost out of money.2.A: Hey, Bob, how’s it going? B: Pretty good, thanks.A: I haven’t seen you for a while.What have you been up to? B: Well, I’ve been looking for a house to buy.I finally found one last month.I move in next week.A: Gee, that’s terrific.B: Yeah.I’m really tired of dealing with landlords.So what have you been doing lately? A: Well, I just got back from a vacation in Italy.B: Italy? Whereabouts in Italy? A: Mostly in the north, around Milan.I have a cousin up there.B: I see.Did you have a good time? A: Yeah.It was great.In fact, I just got engaged to a guy I met there.B: You’re kidding!Well, that must have been some vacation!

(24)

1.Paul: Do you want to see a movie tonight?

Carol: Hmm.Maybe.What’s playing?

Lynn: How about the new Steven Spielberg film? I hear it’s really exciting.Carol: Who’s Steven Spielberg?

Paul: You know.He directed Jaws, E.T., and Jurassic Park.Carol: Oh, Jurassic Park was boring.The book by Michael Crichton was fascinating, but the movie was terrible!

Lynn: Well, I’m interested in that new Johnny Depp movie.It’s a romance.It’s been playing for about a month.Carol: Now that sounds good.I’ve never seen him in a romance, and I think he’s a wonderful actor!

2.A:What did you think of that documentary about Australia?

B:Oh, I learned so much!I didn’t know they had so many different kinds of animals there.And the photography!A: Yeah, it was something, wasn’t it?

B: Uh-huh, it was pretty amazing.It made me want to go there and see it for myself sometime.3.A: What did you think of the new Stephen King book?

B: Oh, I couldn’t stop reading it once I got started.I stayed up till four o’clock in the morning to finish it!A: And wasn’t the ending great?

B: Yeah, it really was!Such a surprise!And the whole story moved along so fast, too!

4.A: How did you like the movie? B: Well, I walked out after half an hour.A: You did?

B: Yeah, it was so dull that I started falling asleep!And I’ve never seen such bad acting from Jim Carrey!A: Oh, really? He’s usually pretty good.B: Well, not in that movie.I wish he’d choose better roles.(25)1.A: Look at this.Some guy found $750,000!He returned it and the owner thanked him with a phone call.B: You’re kidding!If I found $750,000, I wouldn’t return it so fast.A: Why? What would you do? B: Well, I’d go straight to Los Vegas and try my luck in the casinos.I could double the money in a day and keep $750,000 for myself.A: You might also lose it all in a day.And then you could go to jail.B: Hmm.You’ve got a point there.2.A: So, what would you do if you found a lot of money? B: Oh, you know me, Kate.I’m so honest, I scare myself sometimes.I’d take the money straight to the police.A: I guess that wouldn’t be such a bad idea.Maybe you’d be luckier than the guy in the article.Maybe the owner of the money would give you a big reward.B: Well, they say honesty pays.Right?

(26)1.Dr.Hilda:This is Dr.Hilda.Welcome to today’s show.Now let’s get started right away with our first caller.Hello!

Caller1: Hello, Dr.Hilda.I’m calling about my daughter.She’s…she’s dating an older man.Dr.Hilda: Oh, Now how old are these two people?

Caller1: My daughter ’s eighteen, and this man is forty-two.Dr.Hilda: Mm-hmm.Caller1: I told her she had to stop seeing him, and…and now she won’t speak to me.I feel terrible.Tell me, Dr.Hilda.What should I have done? Dr.Hilda: First, you should have spoken to this forty-two-year-old man.You should have asked him not to date your daughter for a couple of weeks-to give the situation some time to cool off.Then, if they still wanted to see each other and if the man seems like a nice person, you should let your daughter date him.You shouldn’t worry so much about the age difference.OK, now, let’s go to our next caller.Hello, caller!2.A:Hello? Uh, I’m a first-time caller, and uh, well, my problem is that my father went away on a business trip, and I borrowed his brand-new car, and I had a bad accident.B:Where is your mother?

A:She’s in Florida visiting some friends.B:All right, go on.A:Well, I sent a telegram to my father and I… I told him…well, I told him someone had stolen the car.B:Oh!You should have told your father the truth!Your father would probably understand about a car accident, and he would be glad you weren’t hurt.A:I’m not too sure about that!

B:Oh…give it a try, young man, because the truth is always better than a lie.OK, now let’s hear from our next caller.This is Dr.Hilda.You’re on the air.3.A:Hi, uh, I’m calling about a problem.Oh, it’s kind of a personal problem…it concerns work.B:Oh, yes, go on.A:Well, uh, I visited some friends from the office to my house for a party a couple of weeks ago.Everything was fine until someone started talking about politics.B:Oh!You shouldn’t have let the subject of politics come up.A:Well, it came up, and, uh, well, I finally got really angry at one of my co-workers, and, uh, to prevent a fight, I asked him to leave.B:And… what happened after that?

A:Well, now it’s caused a big problem in the office.Uh, he won’t speak to me.B:Again, you shouldn’t have talked about politics at a party!It’s not a safe topic.A:That’s for sure.B:And you shouldn’t have gotten so angry either!A:That’s true!But what should I do now?

B:It’s easy.You should simple apologize to your friends and say that you were a fool.A:Well, maybe that’s a good idea.I’ll give it a try.B:Good!Well, folks.“Nothing ventured, nothing gained,” I always say.I’m Dr.Hilda…until the next time.