第一篇：電商專業(yè)英語----英文辯論稿 雙方版

一． 立論

【正1：】3’

在座的老師，同學，對方辯友，大家好，我方的觀點是，電子商務當然不能取代傳統(tǒng)商務。盡管，自從 1996 年 IBM 公司首次提出了電子商務的概念，隨著網絡不斷發(fā)展，電子商務日益被廣大人民所接受。在電子商務剛剛興起的時候，很多人認為：電子商務將取代傳統(tǒng)銷售業(yè)，傳統(tǒng)的銷售業(yè)將消亡，但是經過幾年的發(fā)展，從世界銷售業(yè)發(fā)展的態(tài)勢分析，電子商務的出現(xiàn)，反而使銷售業(yè)的各個環(huán)節(jié)都發(fā)生了變化，但并不能取代傳統(tǒng)的銷售業(yè)。

傳統(tǒng)商務可以通過店面裝修以及特色服務等方式給人一種直觀而深刻的文化感受，而電子商務只能通過影音技術給人留下虛擬印象，不能讓人有實質的體驗感。比如餐飲業(yè)，為什么世界上那么多的餐廳注重裝修的品味以及用餐氛圍，因為他們關注的不僅體驗感,僅是溫飽，而是讓顧客享受整個用餐過程，體會其飲食文化。

分析電子商務自身的屬性，同樣可得其難以構成替代傳統(tǒng)商務形式的結論。電子商務其屬性決定難以達到傳統(tǒng)商務形式的信任度。由于網絡的虛擬性，未謀面的買賣雙方很難達到傳統(tǒng)商務形式的信任度。不全面的商品信息，也增加買方網上貿易的不確定性。況且，電子商務的運營難以擺脫其所依托的網絡所存在的弊端。隨著電子商務的重要性的提高，網絡不穩(wěn)定性所帶來的危害將會被無限制的放大，電子商務自身不可磨滅的弊病也終將阻礙其自身發(fā)展。

綜上，現(xiàn)實世界的傳統(tǒng)商務不可能被虛擬世界的電子商務完全代替。

Dear Pro.Li,classmates and my fellow debaters.Hello everyone.Our view is that E-commerce cannot complectly replace traditional commerce.In 1996, the concept of e-commerce was firstly proposed by IBM.In recent years,with the rapid development of computer science and modern technology,E-commerce has been increasingly accepted and widely used by the public.Therefore, some scholars predicted that e-commerce would complectly replace the traditional commerce.However, as time went by, the expected results didn’t turn up.Admittedly,e-commerce has been one kind of driving force for the promotion of every section of sales and marketing, rather than a substitute of the traditional commerce.Taking catering industry as an example.Traditional commerce can give customers intuitive and profound cultural experience by providing special indoor decorating and distinctive services.while e-commerce can only leave an audio and vedio impression,which may eventually lead to an unsubstantial experience.Why there are so many restaurants pay such more attention on the indoor decorating and dining atmosphere,because the whole dining process or even diet cultural are the sellers' top concern,as opposed to focus on the food quality only.and this spiritual care of meal can only be offered by traditional commerce.In addition,sense of trust is another problem which can not be ignored.Because the network is virtual,it is difficult for the buyers and sellers to develop a mutual and long-lasting trust between each other,which forms another barrier for online transactions.What’s more, the ambigious and exaggerating information about the products and the rising number of fraud or dishonesty also intensify the distrust between the traders.So if the distrust of e-com itself cannot be resolved,it is more likely to prevent the e-com for its further development.All in all, the traditional commerce cannot be completely replaced by e-com, and being the state of co-existence is relatively reasonable for their combination and better development in the future.【反1：】3’

老師，同學們，對方辯友，大家下午好，很高興對方辯友能夠承認電商崛起的大背景，正是依據(jù)這種背景，我方認為電子商務取代傳統(tǒng)商務將成為必然。近年來，隨著全球經濟化的發(fā)展，電子商務已經不再是什么新鮮事物了，它正以日新月異的高科技手段挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)的貿易方式，并已經對傳統(tǒng)銷售業(yè)的觀念和行為方式產生巨大的影響和沖擊。

為什么電子商務能夠短時間內對傳承千百年的傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)造成如此大的沖擊？因為電子商務有著傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)無法匹敵的多種優(yōu)勢。

首先，成本優(yōu)勢。電子商務通過互聯(lián)網絡實現(xiàn)商務活動，突破了傳統(tǒng)的時空觀念,大大提高了物流、資金流和信息流的有效傳輸和處理，為制造者、銷售者和消費者提供了能更好地滿足各自需求的極好的機會。

其次，便捷時尚。正如我們所見，現(xiàn)在社會處于一個高節(jié)奏運轉之中，購物這些事情在人們生活中的地位越來越邊緣化。便捷與時尚成為這個社會追求的一種主流的價值觀。電子商務的出現(xiàn)，正是迎合了消費者的這一點需求。

第三，快速反饋、反應。傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)形式反應比較遲鈍。電子商 務則不同，快速反應和反饋的機制，可以通過消費者的評價與購買體驗反饋，以及銷量的數(shù)據(jù)庫分析，了解商品的最新動態(tài)，并針對反饋或者消費者的購買情況制定價格策略和促銷策略。

綜上所述，我方認為電子商務是時代的產物，在信息化數(shù)字化的今天，傳統(tǒng)的銷售和運營方式已經不再被社會所接受，而更為廉價便捷的電子商務成為取而代之的新一代商業(yè)模式，必將取代傳統(tǒng)商務。

二． 駁論

【反2：】2’

非常值得一提的是電子商務這個概念，這里我們討論的是廣義的電子商務。顧客來餐廳吃飯沒有電子商務的參與嗎？如何得到餐廳的信息？如何到達餐廳？如何在點餐前就知道自己要吃什么，而不是碰運氣？另一方面，餐廳的運營，從財務到人力，到原材料的采購，庫存的管理，物流運輸調度，無不涉及電子商務的參與，而隨著電子商務的日趨成熟，這種滲透會越來越徹底和全面，傳統(tǒng)的商務則漸漸名存實亡。

對方辯友提到了網絡的不確定性，隨著電子商務總量的激增，的確帶來了一些困擾，但技術的快速進步同樣為問題的解決提供了支持，總體來說，科技的快速發(fā)展，網絡技術的成熟為降低不確定性提供了保障。

【正2：】2’

對方辯友在剛剛的陳述中闡述了以下三點，成本優(yōu)勢，便捷時尚，快速反饋、反應。我也從這三個反面進行駁論。如今電子商務的成本也與從前大不一樣，從宣傳平臺的使用，到新的宣傳方式的形成，再到為最終效應所支付的成本已大幅提高，還有多少的空間？其次，便捷時尚也就從本質上說明了電子商務受眾的狹隘性。正因為其快捷時尚的特點，同時也就忽略了更為廣泛、普遍的非時尚群體。而在這些群體當中有著無數(shù)的潛在客戶，因為這樣的方式而放棄這些，對方辯友應該更多的考慮這樣的結果孰輕孰重。而最后一點快速反饋、反應更是效用低下，在已經失去了如此多潛在客戶的前提下，即使再快速的反饋也無法帶來真實的銷量，而這也違背了銷售的初衷。綜上所述，電子商務的優(yōu)勢其實也正是它的局限所在。

Just now, my fellow debator discussed the advantages of e-commerce from the following three aspects: the cost advantage, convenience and quick response.So now, I will also refute from these three aspects.Firstly,issues about the cost of e-commerce has been different from the very beginning.The e-commerce company has to adopt diverse kinds of propaganda to open up and expand their market,which means tons of excess money be poured into the ads or PRs(public relations)before gaining profits.Secondly,the advantage of convenience essentially illustrates the limitations of e-commerce audience.Because of its fashion, e-commerce pay more attention on the fashion group and always arise the interest of young person, inevitably they ignore the broader and general non-fashion groups,such as people in their 40s,let alone the seniors.In these groups which has a myriad of potential customers,but it is pretty diffidult for these juniors and seniors to give up their shopping habits.Finally, because its low levels of utility and less of potential customers,e-commerce enterprises hardly exert its advantages into reality.In summary, the advantages of e-commerce is also the limitations of itself and will barricade its futher development.三． 質辯

【正3：】15’’

企業(yè)在實施網絡營銷戰(zhàn)略時面對的最嚴重的問題是渠道沖突問題。為了降低多重渠道沖突，企業(yè)在網上銷售的定價不能低于傳統(tǒng)渠道中的價格，這樣才不會引起網絡渠道和傳統(tǒng)渠道之間的競爭。請問對方一辯，在這種情況下如何推進電子商務的發(fā)展？

The most serious problem faced by enterprises in the implementation of network marketing strategy is channel conflict.In order to reduce the multi-channel conflict, pricing of the online sales can’t be less than the price of the traditional channels, so as not to cause competition between the network channels and traditional channels.In this situation, how could enterprises carry out Informationizational reform? 【反1：】30’’

舉個例子可以解決這個問題。安利與微軟，IBM合作建立了捷星公司，捷星是安利的兄弟公司，以電子商務為平臺，經營的產品除了自有的紐崔萊，雅姿，金鍋，凈水器等以外，還代理了adidas、reebuk、lee等品牌3萬多種產品，是一家網上的超級商城，安利本身的直銷已經降低了成本，捷星的售價較安利還要低，捷星的廣告全靠消費者。

如今，捷星公司已成為全球最大的電子商務公司，成為勇敢革新，華麗轉身，最終獲得巨大成功的典范。An example can solve this problem.Amway join hands with Microsoft and IBM to establish the brother company of Amway called Quixtar, which sales, by e-commerce platform, the products of its own nutrilite, artistry, JinGuo, and acted as agent for more than 30000 products brand such as adidas, reebuk, lee.Quixtar is an online super mall.Although Amway’s direct selling has lowered the cost, the selling price of the star is Amway even lower.Quixtar advertise all by consumers.Now, the company named Quixtar has become the world's largest e-commerce company, become the model of a huge success and courage of reform.【正3：】15’’

根據(jù)“檸檬理論”交易雙方信息不對稱，部分賣方進行欺詐行為，導致好產品和壞產品利潤相當，好產品被擠出，形成次品市場，這種情況在電商時代尤為突出，制約電商的發(fā)展，對方辯友如何看待這個問題？

According to “Lemon theory”, information asymmetry leads to part of the sellers’ fraudulent conduct, resulting in acquiring the same profit no matter they are good products or not and finally shaping a Inferior Goods Market without good products.This problem becomes so serious in e-com age that restrict the development of e-com.What’s your opinion about this?

【反2：】30’’

任何事物的發(fā)展過程中，都伴隨著缺點，金無足赤人無完人，相同條件下數(shù)碼相機的照相效果不如膠片相機，但這本應該致命的缺點，卻并沒有阻止數(shù)碼相機的風靡和膠片相機的衰落，完善電子商務立法，建立可信賴的第三方支付平臺，建立合理的網絡征信系統(tǒng)，足矣消除次品市場，完善電子商務。

Within the development of anything, shortcomings are unavoidable.Every bean has its black.Under the same condition, the digital camera is not as effective as film camera, which should be a fatal defect but actually do no harm to the popularization of the digital camera or the fading of the film camera.To eliminate the influence of the Inferior Goods Market and perfect e-com, we can perfect the legislation for electronic commerce;establish a reliable third-party platform and a reasonable network credit reporting system.【反3：】15’’

傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)不會被電子商務取代，那又如何解釋傳統(tǒng)圖書行業(yè)在網上書城面前潰不成軍？

Since you not think traditional commerce will be replaced by e-com, so how can you explain that the traditional book industry is completely routed by the online bookstore? 【正1：】30’’

誠然，電子商務有著傳統(tǒng)商務無可比擬的優(yōu)勢,如可以增加銷售機會、減少交易成本、24 小時運作、開拓全球性市場等等,但就此認為電子商務將完全取代傳統(tǒng)商務是不對的。如今的網上出城也紛紛陷入殺價**，便宜的優(yōu)勢大不如前，而轉型后的書店，以更雅致更富文學底蘊的消費享受，依然有很多人愿意光顧，由此可見，傳統(tǒng)商務依舊堅挺。

Admittedly, compared with the traditional business,e-commerce has its incomparable advantages, such as it can increase sales,gain more profits,cut transactional cost, and explore the global market, and so on.But just based on these advantages provided by e-business,we can’t assume that e-com will completely replace the traditional business.Nowadays, online bookstores also trapped into the bargain storm and its price advantage has been weaken.However,some entity bookstore has completed its transformation by creating an elegant and comfortable atmosphere for the readers,such as “eslite” bookstore in Taibei(誠品書店).So it is clearly that traditional commerce is still strong and has great protential to develop and fight against e-commerce.【反3：】15’’

正方辯友認為體驗購物是傳統(tǒng)商務重要的支持點，但現(xiàn)今科技發(fā)展的速度越來越快，在可預見的將來，全新技術將帶來的全新消費體驗，過去不可觸，不可見，不可測 等問題，都可能不再是問題，傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)還有存在的意義嗎？

【正2：】30’’

大家都知道SNS的崛起，從SNS的爆發(fā)式發(fā)展可以看到，現(xiàn)在的網絡是人與人的網絡，而非人與信息的網絡，再真實的虛擬體驗，也不能代替真是的人間交流。

另外，技術不能代表一切，谷歌技術遠超百度，但還是輸給了百度，因為技術再高也改變不了消費習慣，網上的體驗在好，也改變不了千百年實體消費的“習慣”，電子商務只能作為傳統(tǒng)商務的補充。

We all know the rise of SNS.From the explosive development of SNS we can see that nowadays’ network is a human-to-human network, rather than a man-to-information network.No matter how real the virtual experience is, it can't take the place of the true communication.In addition, Technology isn't everything.Google’s tech is much better than Baidu, but Google still lose to Baidu.The reason can be high tech cannot change the spending habits.E-com is only the supplement of traditional commerce.【反3：】15’’

電子商務的弊病可以通過技術革新，法制完善和加強服務來解決，然而傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)的弊病卻不能再有寸進，唯有電子商務對傳統(tǒng)商務的替換，才能從根本上提高效率，降低成本，傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)如何求得生存？

【正4：】30’’

傳統(tǒng)商務本身或許的確沒有太多的發(fā)展空間，但是電子商務的出現(xiàn)恰恰彌補了這個缺陷，正如我方一辯在立論中提到的，電子商務的出現(xiàn)，事實上，非但沒有完全排擠傳統(tǒng)商務，而是促進了傳統(tǒng)商務各環(huán)節(jié)的優(yōu)化，讓傳統(tǒng)商務得到新的發(fā)展。電子商務使得傳統(tǒng)商務的信息對稱性得到提高，得到精確信息的消費者，更放心大膽的消費。因此電子商務在短期內完全取代傳統(tǒng)模式是不可能的，目前它只是傳統(tǒng)商務的補充和延伸。

The traditional business itself may do not too much space for development.But the emergence of electronic business just makes up for the defect.As our NO.1 debater mentioned in the Argues stage, the emergence of electronic business, in fact, didn’t completely exclude the traditional business, but promote the traditional business in each section of optimization, letting the traditional business get new development.E-commerce enabled the traditional business information symmetry improve, so that consumers, having got precise information, become more brave of consumption.So the electronic commerce completely replace the traditional mode in the short term is impossible, at present it is traditional business complement and extension.質辯小結：

【正3：】2’

目前電子商務的迅猛發(fā)展毋庸置疑，但電子商務的缺陷也非常明顯，而同時，預期將虧損的傳統(tǒng)商務，卻得到電子商務的補充，蓬勃出新的生機。在3C領域，京東、易購、庫巴每年的營業(yè)額增速都成倍的增長，但與此同時近幾年國美、大中、鼎好、e世界等線下實體 商場銷售額也實現(xiàn)了大幅的增長。

技術革命的確可以讓電子商務越來越完善，但趨于完美的電子商務也是幾十年甚至更久的將來，而千百年流傳的購物習慣已經深植人們的生活之中。

傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)也沒有坐以待斃，華麗地轉身之后，傳統(tǒng)商務以更人性化的服務吸引了更多的消費者，電子商務完全取代傳統(tǒng)商務是不可能的。

At present, there is no doubt about the rapid development of electronic commerce.But the defects of the electronic commerce are also very obvious.But at the same time, the traditional business that is expected to loss, however, gets the electronic commerce for supplement, and vigorous out new vitality.In the 3 C field, Jingdong, Yigou, KuBa double the annual turnover growth, but at the same time, Gome, Dazhong, Dinghao, e-world offline store sales entity also realize sharp growth in recent years.The technology revolution can really make the electronic commerce more perfect, but tend to perfect needs decades or more years.And through the ages, the shopping habits have deeply turned into people's life.The traditional industry isn’t waiting to die.After the transformation, the traditional business with more human services attracts more customers.That electronic commerce completely replace the traditional business is not possible.【反3：】2’

傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)的在電子商務的作用下補完確有其事，但電子商務不會停下步伐，傳統(tǒng)商務的局限性太明顯，而電子商務廣闊的發(fā)展空間還有待被開發(fā)利用，現(xiàn)階段的電子商務還是不完善的電子商務，但從捷星公司的成功不難看出電子商務的美好前景。

直銷大家都聽說過，安利和雅芳的成功可以看出直銷削減中間商的優(yōu)勢所在，電子商務將這種優(yōu)勢發(fā)揮到極致，無障礙無成本的直接溝通消費者和生產者，是電子商務對傳統(tǒng)商務最大的挑戰(zhàn)，目前看來，電子商務是成功的，成本的降低和便捷的交易過程，都是傳統(tǒng)商務不可企及的，電子商務需要的只是時間去完善，取代傳統(tǒng)商務指日可待。

四． 自由辯論 五． 總結陳詞 【反3：】3’

新陳代謝是自然最根本的法則，哺乳動物取代消逝的恐龍，數(shù)碼相機取代了古老的膠卷相機，DVD取代了曾經的VCD，電子商務也正逐步取代傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)的方方面面。

電子商務與傳統(tǒng)的商務活動方式相比，它將交易虛擬化，通過Internet為代表的計算機互聯(lián)網絡進行的貿易，整個交易都在網絡這個虛擬的環(huán)境中進行，使得買賣雙方的交易成本大大降低，無需傳統(tǒng)宣傳，實現(xiàn)“無紙貿易”“無紙辦公”，同時，也使交易效率提高，極大地縮短了交易時間。交易的過程也愈加透明化，通暢、快捷的信息傳輸可以保證各種信息之間互相核對，可以防止偽造信息的流通。

電子商務利用數(shù)字化和信息化，打造出一個全新的電子世界。雖然現(xiàn)在的電子商務還不是很完善，信息化的推進也困難重重，但潮流所向，時代所趨，電子商務的繁榮指日可待。通過推進技術，完善法制，加強誠信，電子商務的發(fā)展不可預期。我方堅定地相信：電子商務一定可以取代傳統(tǒng)商務。

Metabolism is the most fundamental rule in nature,mammals finally replaced the dinosaurs, digital cameras have already replaced the traditional cameras, DVD replaced the former VCD, so e-commerce inevitably replace all aspects of the traditional industries.Compared to traditional business, e-commerce has visualized the whole trading process through the Internet.Because of this, buyers and sellers can achieve the goals of “paperless trading” and “paperless office" to lower transactional costs.Meanwhile,it is also helpful to enhance the efficiency and shorten the transactional time significantly.Moreover,the transparency(透明化)of whole transaction process makes the information-checking process more smooth and efficient,and you can effectively prevent the circulation of false information.E-commerce has created a new electronic world by using digital and informational technology.E-commerce now is not perfect, but with the development of technology and improvement of legal system,the trend of e-commerce boom is just around the corner.So we firmly believe that: e-commerce will be able to replace the traditional business.【正4：】3’

傳統(tǒng)商務雖有瓶頸，電子商務也有陷阱，不久前大批倒閉的網購企業(yè)，讓狂熱的投資人們瞬間清醒，電子商務運行的環(huán)境還不夠成熟，其本身也具有諸多問題。電子商務不能夠獨立的承擔市場的各個方面。而與此同時的，傳統(tǒng)商務卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以將電子商務融合進來，以達到提升傳統(tǒng)商務模式的目的，迎來了傳統(tǒng)商務的 又一個春天。

傳統(tǒng)商務也有電子商務無法具有的優(yōu)勢,如與顧客面對面的交流、購物時的親身經歷、對商品的親自查驗、選購后立即使用的便利等,且對于一些價值很低的日用品而言,在門口的便利店購買顯然要比網上方便得多。

作為消費者，親自逛街購物的第一手感官享受，是電子商務所不能給予的。眼見為實的購物信任感也是電子商務所欠缺的。俗話說：跑得了和尚跑不了廟，消費者更傾向于傳統(tǒng)商務模式的踏實感。

綜合起來，我方認為,現(xiàn)實世界的傳統(tǒng)商務不可能被虛擬世界的電子商務完全代替,而合理的情況應該是二者以互補的狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)。

At present, traditional commerce is going through its “bottleneck” period, and not long ago, a large number of e-commerce businesses bankrupted,which gives the investors a big shock and makes them more rational(理性).So it is still not mature enough for the thorough replacement of traditional commerce,and e-commerce itself also has a lot of problems to be solved.On the contrary, if we blend the e-commerce into the traditional business and combine them together, we can construct the business model at a optimism level.Traditional commerce has its unique advantage, such as buyers can communication with customers face to face.Shopping itself provides customers with personal experience, and they can check and make sure of the good quality by themselves.Additionally,customers can require the goods or services immediately,as opposed to be waiting for the delivery.for instance,it’s more convenient to buy commodity in the convenient store near their neighbourhood.So because of its personal shopping experience and its first-hand shopping senses,consumers are preferred to go shopping in physical store,as opposed to shopping online.All in all,the traditional commerce can not be completely replaced by e-com,and being the state of co-existence is relatively reasonable,for their combination and better development.

第二篇：東電專業(yè)英語

1Couplings彈簧

聯(lián)軸器，Clutches離合器 shafts軸and springs①A coupling is a device for connecting the ends……worn parts are replaced

聯(lián)軸器是用來連接相毗連軸的設備。在機器結構中，聯(lián)軸器被用做在兩毗連軸間產生暫時性的連接。永久性的連接在某種意義上并不意味著在機器的有效壽命之間被破壞，但是在緊急的情況或當壞件被取代時可以破壞和復原。②electric motor and a qearbox電機和齒輪箱 ③rotational inertia轉動慣量

The rotor(rotating member)in an electric motor電動機中的轉子（旋轉單位）具有轉動慣量，并且當電機……is started 啟動時需要一個使之加速的扭矩 ④burn out燒壞 ⑤mount安裝固定 ⑥be subjected to受到

⑦coupletely reversed stresses周期性的交變應力

Although most spring are mechanical大多數(shù)彈簧是機械的并且它們是從金屬的固有塑性中獲……are also obtainable 得功效的，液壓彈簧和空氣彈簧也是這樣。

Springs shipment

are used for a variety……instruments during 彈簧有很多用處，如：為鐘和表提供動力，交通工具的減震，稱重，約束機床構件，減輕從不平衡的運轉機床到支撐結構的周期性干擾力的傳遞，并且能提供精密儀器的運輸時的震動保護

3Machine Tool Frames①The frame is a machine機座’s……

govern material choice

機座是一臺機器的主要零件。大多數(shù)的機座是由鑄鐵，焊接鋼，復合材料或水泥制成的。下列因素決定了材料的選擇

②The material must resist deformation……or permanently deforming

材料必須能夠抵抗變形和斷裂。硬度和彈性必須均衡。材料必須在承受載荷作用下抵抗沖擊，彎曲而不發(fā)生撕裂或永久性變形

③The frame material must……and lubricants

機座材料必須減少或阻礙震動傳遞以降低精度等級和刀具壽命的波動。機座材料必須能承受不良的車間環(huán)境，包括新的冷卻劑和潤滑劑

④Material expansion must be……the machine

為了最小化運動滑移所需的力，必須要了解材料的膨脹。材料一定不能產生太多的熱量，必須在生命周期中保持自身形狀，而且必須要足夠致密來保證在機器中傳遞力 blockcoolant阻礙with stand冷卻液 expansion承受 minwith膨脹

shocksdense滑移使…減到最小absub質密 ⑤welds also block vibration承擔

……steel frame 焊接點也能幫助阻礙鋼質機座中震動傳遞

⑥Foundations ensure the……secondany considerations 機座能保證機床剛度，第二保證緩沖和隔離 ⑦shock absorption減震 Foundation4Threaded Fasteners地基

①Threaded fasteners perform the螺紋連接件……

application at hand 螺紋緊固件具有定位，夾緊，調整，和從機器的某一部分傳遞動力到另一個部分的功能。它們是屬于標準件和為大規(guī)模產品機器而設計的/用螺紋緊固仍然是主要的裝配方式，在設計 和制造機器中，盡管用其他方法聯(lián)接更好一些。因此設計者要選擇最接近我們需要的標準類型和長度 ②screwdriver螺絲刀

③Unified standard thread is……disassembly is required 統(tǒng)一的標準螺紋有三種基本的一系列直經－螺距組合。統(tǒng)一標準粗牙螺紋系列是最普通的，主要用于振動不大和經常拆卸的通用裝配裝置 UNC④The 統(tǒng)一標準粗牙螺紋fine-Thread series

(UNF)is some what……very fine adjustments

統(tǒng)一標準細牙螺紋系列具有更高的抗拉強度，更適用于精密調整的場合，這些系列常用于航天裝配上。超細牙螺紋系列被用在薄壁件上的外螺紋的配合上。這個系列更抗振動并且能夠實現(xiàn)非常細微的調整

UNFUNEF統(tǒng)一標準細牙螺紋UNC統(tǒng)一標準粗牙螺紋 Fine adjustable統(tǒng)一標準超細牙螺紋 hand精密調整 Washers are often used with with threaded旋向

action

……through spring 墊圈通常與螺紋緊固件配合使用來為螺母和螺栓提供更好的支撐面，在大的孔和縫隙上提供一個支撐面，以便在大面積上分布載荷來防止裝配時的損壞，改進扭矩拉伸比例（通過減少摩擦力），并且通過彈簧作用提供自鎖

5Turbine Engine Bearing for Ultra-High Temperatures高溫渦輪機軸承

超①The advanced gas turbine engines……650℃are predicted 下世紀早期用來為飛行器提供動力的先進的渦輪機已經處于設計階段。這些發(fā)動機將會是非常高效的，在許多情況下它可以使飛行器的速度達到3馬赫以上。這種發(fā)動機主軸的工作條件是非?？量痰?。軸的轉速將超過30000r/min高。

而且軸承的工作溫度也比曾經預測的650℃要②In applications where tively long……application is 500℃ 相對使用壽命長的軸承在應用中也是有要求的，目前對于鋼制的液體潤滑軸承的工作溫度極限是200℃；對于短使用壽命軸承的應用有可能達到450℃，即使使用最先進的液體潤滑劑和金屬合金，在有限的壽命極限情況下所能達到的最高溫度是500℃.③（重點句子）A group of materials which appears promising高性能陶瓷是看起來有希望作為超高溫軸承的一種材料?！璼ilicon nitride(Si3N4)。

在1100℃以上時這些陶瓷比普通的軸承鋼有更高的硬度。在過去的十幾年間，陶瓷材料已經用來替代那些在高速、高溫下轉動的軸承(Si3N4)。

high performance—高性能appears—看起來

④Silicon nitride is desirable because……there is adequate lubrication.Si3N4（氮化硅）是理想材料，因為它在高溫下有足夠的強度和硬度，在強度與重量方面的優(yōu)點和當有足夠的潤滑油時卓越的抵抗?jié)L動接觸疲勞強度。

⑤The lubrication system considered solely of a film of solid lubricant.潤滑系統(tǒng)是由一系列單獨的固體潤滑組成的。（a film of---系列）

⑥It is worth noting that……advanced bearing steels縮寫(limits are equal to those)

值得指出的是，溫度對于最先進的合成潤滑劑的限制幾乎相當于對這些最先進軸承鋼的限制

⑦If liquid lubricants cannot ……h(huán)eat and wear

如果液體潤滑劑不能用，然后某種形式的邊界潤滑是必要的，以盡量減少摩擦熱和磨損

⑧At temperatures in excess of those……elements are used縮寫（compounds are used）

在溫度超過了液體潤滑劑所允許的溫度，含有氧化物，硫化物和氟化物的各種化學元素的高溫，穩(wěn)定堅實的化合物會被利用

⑨For bearing operation at……disulphide are being considered縮寫(lubricants are being considered)在超高溫（高于550度）下運行的軸承，固體潤滑劑被認為有比石墨和二硫化鉬更好的熱穩(wěn)定性

It componentsis imperative that the development……the various 當務之急是復雜摩擦學系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。例如，對一個高溫固縮寫(development is conducted)

體潤滑的陶瓷軸承，是對它進行各個組成部分的單獨摩擦學關系進行充分了解 6 Engineering Graphics①Engineering graphics is a cornerstone of工程圖學

…and construction processes

工程圖學是一項工程的基礎。工程的本質就是設計——需要在這個設計中把圖學作為交流工具。圖學服務是設計、制造和結構步驟的共同線索

②study of the fundamentals of……the engineering profession

學習工程圖學的基本原理是你能作為工程師的關鍵，能夠用草圖描繪出一種思想是工程專業(yè)的先決條件

③The ability to put forth……is a valuable縮寫(The ability is asset)

這種以提供三維幾何形體來和其他的工程師，科學家，專業(yè)和非專業(yè)技術人員交流的能力，是一種有價值的能力 put forth④Of equal importance is提出

……prepared by others

同樣重要的是知道如何去讀和理解其他人員所畫的圖紙 ⑤The requirement for the……the design process

二十一世紀對工程師的要求包括對圖學原理的充分理解運用實踐圖形學去支撐整個設計過程 7 Working Drawings①Working drawings 工程圖are the

drawings……of working drawings 工程圖是一種用于實施設計的圖紙，所有正投影的規(guī)則和

制圖學的技術可以用來溝通工作圖上某個工程的細節(jié)。一個零件圖是在一套施工圖中反映單一部分（或細節(jié)）的工作圖

②Specifications are the written instructions that accompany working drawings

技術要求是伴隨工作圖的書面指示

③Working drawings are legal contracts……design stages 工程圖是為工程師提供設計細節(jié)和技術要求文件指導的法律合同。因此工程圖必須清晰，精確，和盡可能的完備。一個工程的修訂和修改在生產和建設過程中實施比在最初的設計階段要昂貴的多

④The millimeter is the basic……units are metric

毫米是公制體制的基本單。示數(shù)后面的公制的縮寫是標準上的省略，因為在標題塊附近的國際體系符號表明，所有單位都是公制的 title block8Engineering Design 標題欄

①As engineers we are………工程設計.all relevant factors

作為工程師，我們被授予權力用技術專長來開發(fā)新的（產品）和改進的產品以及系統(tǒng)，但是與此同時，我們必須越來越認識到一般而言我們的行動對社會和環(huán)境影響，以及盡職盡責的工作直到考慮所有相關因素的最好的解決辦法

in general in view of 一般而言②Design is 鑒于，考慮到，由

the culmination ……….看來..engineering

form other professions

設計是工程學教育過程的頂點，這是工程學與其它行業(yè)區(qū)別的明顯特點

Salient feature ③ABET 工程技術鑒定委員會顯著的特征④CD-ROM 光盤只讀存儲器 ⑤trade journal 行業(yè)雜志

⑥more specifically 更準確的說，更具體的說 ASCE IEEI 美國土木工程師協(xié)會 take a glimpse at 電器電子工程師協(xié)會 9Engineering 系數(shù)

Design 看到

and safety Factors工程設計和安全①deal with符合 ②fail失效

③Designs that can not……exist are only concepts that縮寫（Designs are concepts）

④Even in the early design cycle，It is…….Materials are the reality in a design

即使在最初的設計期間，知道一些可能用到的材料是很有幫助的。如果有些材料沒有發(fā)明出來，那些需要這種材料特性的設計就永遠也無法實現(xiàn)了。所以制造之前，必須根據(jù)設計需求寫明材料的技術說明。如果所需材料的特性不存在，或者必須要等到新材料設計或制造出以后才能開工的話，再設計模擬中就必須更改對材料特性的要求。在設計過程中，材料必須是現(xiàn)實存在的。

⑤Obviously a design that would put a material……of time would be unsafe

顯然在設計過程中，使材料長時間處于臨時極限拉應力的狀態(tài)下是不安全的 ⑥in addition to除了

⑦take a ghnvpse at看看 看到 10①．For most of history Mechanical Design 歷史上大多數(shù)時期機械設計

②interface with 使通過……連接 ③be reduced to歸結為Product Liability Prevention①Eventually, a full scale,fully 產品責任保護functional……

.it was not mass-produced..最終，一個全面的，全功能的具有終產品所有特征的模型將被開發(fā)出來。它與真正產品的唯一區(qū)別是它不是大規(guī)模生產的。bearing ②The model is used for提供

……..meet all design criteria.原型用于發(fā)展和評估測試，現(xiàn)在設計師可以決定生產如果產品最終可以滿足所有的設計準則

③A product should never…….it is designed to

一個產品不能用目視或者口頭描述來作為工作性能而不是按它的設計目的 visually ④It is critical that a clear目視

……and expressed by the company 至關重要的是關注對消費者的安全始終被記錄并被公司明確表達Grinding Machines ①Grinding is a chip-making磨床……

easily seen and identified 磨削是一個產生切屑的金屬切削過程，磨削后每一點和車削、銑削都差不多。除了加工在微觀水平上的金屬屑太小了而不能被看見或識別外

②Another basic difference…..or some other device

另一個在磨削和大規(guī)模的車削或銑削不同的區(qū)別是磨削工具是不規(guī)則形狀的磨粒，并且由夾具確定方向，它可能是一個砂輪、磨石或者其它的磨削裝置 cousins ③CNC計算機數(shù)字控制車削，銑削

④Properly applied,creep feed……cut overall….surface finish quality

適當?shù)貞镁忂M給磨削能使整個機器周期減少到50%，并且沒有尺寸誤差，幾何精度，表面光潔質量的損失 cut surface finish quality 減少

⑤You are somewhat more表面光潔質量…..and relatively easy to sort out

你可能認為以高分子聚合物或水泥混凝土為基底的磨床比加工中心或車床更平穩(wěn)，但是，大體上提出相似結構的選擇更容易的分類Lathes ①Engine Lathes 車床

普通車床

Engine lathes, of course普通車床，當然是被世界各處的工廠廣泛應用于生產和維……stops for the carriage

護。車床的規(guī)格，從最小的臺式車床到巨大重型組裝設備。許多裝配的附屬裝置的大型車床在普通工廠中并不常見。例如，溜板的自動停車裝置。shop②Tracer or Duplicating Lathes 工廠，車間

靠模車床或仿形車床

The tracer or duplicating lathe is靠磨車床或仿形車床的設計用來自動地生產不規(guī)則形狀……..using this type of lathe 部件。這樣車床的基本構成如下：一個任意平面的磨板或者加緊裝置中放置的三維形狀，一個導向器或指向器，沿著這個形狀移動，他的運動軌跡控制著切削刀具。仿形裝置可能包括一個直角或錐形臺，凹槽，錐形，和外形輪廓。像這樣的工件：原動軸，細軸，活塞，鞭苔，車軸，汽輪機，和工種各樣的其他零件都可能用這種類型的車床生產出來。

③Vertical Turret Lathes立式轉塔車床 A vertical turret lathe is立式轉塔車床基本上是轉塔車床，他被立在主軸箱的底…….use of stops.部，用來執(zhí)行各樣的旋轉加工，包括一個轉塔一個旋轉工作臺。一個側刀架，包含一個四角刀架，為了固定額外刀具。運動的執(zhí)行通過裝配在六角刀架和側刀架的任意刀具進行的?？梢酝ㄟ^止動機構控制 ④Machining Centers 加工中心

Many of today現(xiàn)今的許多復雜車床都可以叫做加工中心，因為它們有完’s more…..of their machines

成任務的能力。除了普通的旋轉操作，還有銑削和鉆削功能?；旧希粋€加工中心可以認為是轉塔車床和銑床的結合，優(yōu)勢附加的功能需要制造商增加車床的多樣性才能達到

15Motors and Drivers

①All of the mechanisms will require…….is the logical choice

所有的機械裝置都需要一些種類的驅動裝置來提供輸入運行和能量有許多種可能；如果設計需要一個持續(xù)旋轉輸入軌跡，像滑塊曲柄和凸輪，那么電動機就是一個必然的選擇Electric Drives①These mechatronic companents will be電傳動

…….almost entirely in software

這些機電一體化的成分將會是將來易操縱類型工廠的組成部件。盡可能的是大多數(shù)生產線在作業(yè)程序完全轉變 building blockPID17 Machine Toll Motors比例積分微分構件，組成部件，標準部件

①All electric motors use 機床電機the……

rotor is constantly drawn around

所有的電動機的工作原理都是同級排斥和異級相吸。通過線圈或永久磁鐵的電流產生了磁場。電動機通過轉換電機內部磁場來傳遞扭矩，這樣轉軸就可以持續(xù)轉動了 rotor 18 Machining 轉子

①Thus many types of機床

….time and expense

這樣很多種類的鍛件和其它一些零件用砂輪可輕松完成而且節(jié)省時間和成本 forgings ②In some cases, tolerances鍛件

……using but one cut

在某些情況下，公差在±0.05mm之間的連續(xù)生產，使用一次切削成形

but noe cut ③in terms of 一次切削成形根據(jù)④strive for致力于 ⑤has long since早就 ⑥lot size批量

⑦set up 裝夾，安裝

⑧pitch diameter螺紋中徑 19Numerical Control ①Numerical Control（數(shù)控NC）數(shù)控

DFM 21Hard-Part Machining with Ceramic Inserts面向制造的設計

硬態(tài)切削

陶瓷刀片的①The first high-volume application….the hub diameter

硬態(tài)切削的首次大批量應用是端面車削滑移齒輪變速箱和精車車輪輪轂直徑 finish turning ②Therefore, the machined surface will be精車

……of the machine 因此，加工表面和機床主軸、機床縱向相關的中心線一樣精確

③Disposal of chips during HPM……fine……easy disposal 硬態(tài)切削過程的切屑沒有產生任何問題。收集在托盤中的切屑具有干燥，易碎等特性，這些切屑被分解成細的粉末，并且很容易被壓緊成安全，易處理的微小體積 finehard-part machining(HPM)細

22Nontraditional 硬態(tài)切削

工工藝

Manufacturing Processes非傳統(tǒng)制造加①The reason there are such….is the same reason there are縮寫：…..conventional processes Reason is reason

大量非傳統(tǒng)工藝與大量傳統(tǒng)工藝存在的原因是相同的道理

25Quality in Manufacturing①Supplier development guidelines 制造質量

were……the largest consumer

建立供應發(fā)展準則是每一個部門負責調查最大消費的供應商

②This provides a mechanism for……..other division’s systems

這為部門與部門之間采納強有力的觀點來交換質量提供了一種機制。并且是它們成為其它分配系統(tǒng)的一部分 takingASQC 采納

26Quality in the modern Business Environment聯(lián)合彈簧質量委員會

環(huán)境中的質量

現(xiàn)代商業(yè)①All business organizations use…..action……actual and budget

所有商業(yè)組織使用財政控制。這些財政控制包括實際與預算成本的比較、在實際與預算成本間進行差別與變化的相關分析和對區(qū)別或變化的作用 actionthe extent to 計算

在…..程度上

第三篇：英文辯論稿

Is Military Training Necessary Now?

There is no denying the fact that it has been a hotly debated topic whether students should attend military training in China in the past years.Opinions on this issue differ sharply.Pro：

I believe that military training is a must for today’s spoiled youth.First of all, it makes them more likely to persist instead of escaping in face of hardships.Second, the self-discipline and teamwork spirit students develop are invisibly valuable wealth for their future.third, it provides a good chance for students to learn more on military and broaden their horizons.Forth,it can nurture students’ sense of unity and discipline and foster students’ patriotism as well.Fifth,military training as a good chance for students coming from different cities to know and help each other, which will help them ease the feeling of homesickness.Con:

I maintain that it is not and should be canceled.First of all, it is a waste of time because what the students learn from it is of no use to their real life.Second, the training seems ineffective since most students resume their idling lifestyles at the end of the training.Third,a short period of training as students are having now cannot work well in building up their bodies or strengthen their will.Instead, they should lay emphasis on their daily exercise and activities for such purpose.Forth,a sudden increase of intense physical exercise, especially during summer, does harm to students’ health and may even cause deaths.What happened in the past years has proved this.Fifth, student also worry about the safety due to the increasing cases of students who got injured or died in it.

第四篇：英文辯論稿

Topic: Role: 1st debater

1.Constructive speech: Supporting argument 1: First of all, there is rare true love existing on campus.According to the year 2005’s Education Blue Book released by China Social Science Academy, about 88.8% of college students regarded campus love was a physical need.It other words, true love on campus is as precious as panda.For many students, either in love or still seeking for love, their main motivation and aim is to avoid boredom and add color to college life.Everyday they go to classes, rush to the dining hall, and drag their feet to dormitories.Then one day they realized how boring and uninteresting their life is and it is necessary to find company.So they start their seeking.When they finally grab someone as their lovers, even themselves don’t know what they truly like is the person or the feeling of falling in love.Supporting argument 2: Second, college students are not psychologically mature enough to afford love.Tragic events, such as suicides, murders, violent acts from unrequited love are not unfamiliar to people.Though someone may say these kinds of things rarely happen, it is true that tragedies exist.And once any of them happens, sorrow, harm, and bad influence are not only brought to parents or relatives but also the whole school even the whole society.College students are late adolescents, esp.freshmen and sophomores.They are easily get irritated and desperate, sometimes even can’t help to go to the extreme.If something out of expect happened in their romantic relationships, for instance, break-up, they may do something really harmful.Supporting argument 3: Last but not least, college students are not able to take the responsibility of love.Love is not a beautiful rose one can enjoy, but also a fragile vase one needs to take care of and be responsible for.Responsibility means much.For example, when sweethearts get hurt, comfort and a reliable shoulder should be provided;when lovers get bad mood, jokes and a smiling face should show up;when companies get involved in troubles, encouragement and helpful advices should be given.But since college students are still not mature enough, sometimes the methods they handle problems are not quite proper and useful.How can they afford the responsibility of taking another person while themselves need to be looked after? Supporting argument 4 In conclusion, Campus love should not be encouraged because true love is rare, and college students are not psychologically mature or able to hold the responsibility of love.I’ll now quote a famous saying as an example to clarify my stand, “As a member in the transfer crowd, there’s no doubt that we college student should lay emphasis on study, including all-round study of professional knowledge, communication art，全國注冊建筑師、建造師考試備考資料歷年真題考試心得模擬試題

self-planning, rational thinking and so forth.While it is right such character that provides young college students with a fundamental standard for life—always work at the useful and vital things, and be a realistic person.These students are not independent in economic, not mature in personality and not perfect mentally yet.”

2.Questions for opponents: 1)Now that you suggest that students should love in college campus, do you have girlfriend or boyfriend? 2)Can lovers still live together after they graduating from college? 3)In your opinion, can most of boys find their princess in HIT? 3.Predicted Questions from opponents 1)Do you have admired some isomerism? 2)Do you feel lonely when you study out of your town? 3)If you are a girl, can you resist of sweet words from so many rich or handsome boys in HIT?

1。建設性的演講： 支護參數(shù)1： 首先，有罕見的真正的愛在校園。根據(jù)2005教育藍皮書由中國社會科學院，大約88.8%的大學生認為校園愛情是一個身體的需要。也就是，真正的校園愛情是珍貴的大熊貓。許多學生，無論是在愛情或仍在尋找愛，他們的主要動機和目的是避免厭倦和添加顏色到大學生活。他們每天去上課，沖向食堂和宿舍，拖著腳。后來有一天，他們意識到他們的生活是枯燥和乏味，有必要找到公司。所以他們開始了他們的尋找。當他們終于抓住別人為自己的戀人，即使他們自己不知道他們真正喜歡的是人或戀愛的感覺。支護參數(shù)2：

其次，大學生是不成熟的心理素質提供足夠的愛。悲慘的事件，如自殺，謀殺，暴力行為的單戀都不會陌生的人。盡管有人說這種事情很少發(fā)生，這真是悲劇。一旦他們的任何事，悲傷，危害和不良影響，不僅把父母或親戚也是整個學校乃至整個社會。大學生是后期的青少年，特別是新生和二年級學生。他們很容易生氣和絕望，有時甚至不能幫助走向極端。如果不希望發(fā)生的浪漫關系，例如，分手，他們可以做一些真正有害。支護參數(shù)3：

最后但并非最不重要，大學生是不能夠承擔愛的責任。愛是美麗的玫瑰，你可以享受，也是一個易碎的花瓶需要照料，負責。責任是指多。例如，當情侶受傷，舒適和可靠的肩膀應該提供；當愛好者得到壞心情，笑話和笑臉應該出現(xiàn)；當公司卷入麻煩，鼓勵和有益的建議，應給予。但由于大學生還不夠成熟，有時他們處理問題的方法是不適當?shù)暮陀杏玫摹Ｋ麄冊趺茨茇摀闷鸬呢熑?，以另一人在自己的需要照顧?支護參數(shù)4 總之，校園愛情不應該鼓勵，因為真正的愛是罕見的，和大學生心理上不成熟或能夠保持愛的責任。我現(xiàn)在要引用一句說作為一個例子來闡明我的立場，作為一個成員在轉讓的人群，但毫無疑問，我們大學生應該注重研究，包括全面研究的專業(yè)知識，溝通技巧，自我規(guī)劃，理性思維等等。雖然對這樣的角色，提供高校青年學生的基本標準life-always工作的有用和重要的事情，并成為一個現(xiàn)實的人。這些學生沒有經濟獨立，不成熟的人格和精神上還不完善?！?/p>

2。問題的對手：

1）既然你認為學生應該在大學校園，你有女朋友或男朋友嗎？ 2）生活在一起后，他們仍然可以從大學畢業(yè)？ 3）在您看來，最能找到公主男孩打？ 3。預測從對手的問題 1）你有一些異構羨慕？

2）你感到孤獨時，你的研究指出你的城市？ 3）如果你是一個女孩，你能抵御甜言蜜語很多有錢或英俊的男孩在打嗎？ LOVE right?wrong? In modern times,love is a popular topic,espacially in our fleshmen.But is it right or wrong on earth? When we get in a university,we can see many loves here and there.Some people say that it is a good thing but others think it is a bad thing.In my opinion,love is very strange.It can make you more strong and happy if you can deal with it in a suitable way.On the other hand,if you get struct,you many lost a lot.We should see love as a sord with two sides.we must strongth our study ability at first.Then we can think about love.At last,I hope everone can have a good love.

第五篇：英文辯論稿

Dear teachers , students and friends of the other debates: Good afternoon!I am liu Chang ,the third debater from the negative side.Please let me reiterate(英[ri?'?t?re?t])our point of the view again: a person?s fate depends on the environment.Obviously, friends of the other debates made the mistake of idealism(英[a?'d??l?z(?)m;-'di??-]).Above all, we should know what is fate.According to “modern Chinese dictionary”，fate usually refers to the life experiences of the overall situation.It is the sum of the “process” of life activities.“Depends on” refers to something that plays a leading role.Environment includes natural and social environment.We havethe following reasons: Firstly, people have been born in a particular social environment, which has decided the foundation and development trend of personal destiny.During the “Cultural revolution”, everyone was arranged to go to the countryside.This is the best proof.Secondly, a man should constantly understand and contact with the external environment.We all need to integrate(英['?nt?gre?t])into the external environment.The fate of individuals is determined by the environment.Thirdly, a personal choice must follow the laws of the environment.The laws are inviolable(英[?n'va??l?b(?)l]).Personal development must conform to the laws.Objective realitycan?t be transferred by a person?s awareness.As the saying goes, “Man proposes(pr??pōz), God disposes” we are not living as ”free men." Because we have to adapt to the environment.We choose to adapt to the laws of social and natural development.In conclusion, I emphasize our point once again: a person?s fate depends on the environment.That?s all.Thanks for listening.(1)Dear friends of the other debates, is each of us living in family environment, school environment, work environment, national environment? Please answers YES OR NO? OK, you have acknowledged that society provides us with many conditions.then the second question, are We living in isolation? OK, we are not living in isolation totally.We all need to integrate into the external environment This has proved our point of view(2).If the personal fate of individuals to grasp, it is not everyone can become a doctor by trying to do? 尊重規(guī)律

(3)Will the other Friends of debate, a decade during the Cultural Revolution, intellectuals who were assigned the mountains or the countryside and how to control their own destiny and avoid a mountain or down the village?