第一篇：數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯英漢對(duì)照

數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯英漢對(duì)照

Tag： 數(shù)學(xué)

專業(yè)

英語(yǔ)

詞匯

英漢概率論與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)詞匯英漢對(duì)照表 A absolute value 絕對(duì)值 accept 接受

acceptable region 接受域 additivity 可加性 adjusted 調(diào)整的

alternative hypothesis 對(duì)立假設(shè) analysis 分析

analysis of covariance 協(xié)方差分析 analysis of variance 方差分析 arithmetic mean 算術(shù)平均值 association 相關(guān)性 assumption 假設(shè)

assumption checking 假設(shè)檢驗(yàn) availability 有效度 average 均值 B balanced平衡的 band 帶寬

bar chart 條形圖

beta-distribution 貝塔分布 between groups 組間的 bias 偏倚

binomial distribution 二項(xiàng)分布 binomial test 二項(xiàng)檢驗(yàn) C calculate 計(jì)算 case 個(gè)案 category 類別

center of gravity 重心 central tendency 中心趨勢(shì)

chi-square distribution 卡方分布 chi-square test 卡方檢驗(yàn) classify 分類

cluster analysis 聚類分析 coefficient 系數(shù)

coefficient of correlation 相關(guān)系數(shù) collinearity 共線性 column 列 compare 比較 comparison 對(duì)照

components 構(gòu)成，分量 compound 復(fù)合的

confidence interval 置信區(qū)間 consistency 一致性 constant 常數(shù)

continuous variable 連續(xù)變量 control charts 控制圖 correlation 相關(guān) covariance 協(xié)方差

covariance matrix 協(xié)方差矩陣 critical point 臨界點(diǎn) critical value 臨界值 crosstab 列聯(lián)表

cubic 三次的，立方的 cubic term 三次項(xiàng)

cumulative distribution function 累加分布函數(shù) curve estimation 曲線估計(jì) D data 數(shù)據(jù)

default 默認(rèn)的 definition 定義

deleted residual 剔除殘差 density function 密度函數(shù) dependent variable 因變量 description 描述

design of experiment 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) deviations 差異

df.(degree of freedom)自由度 diagnostic 診斷 dimension 維

discrete variable 離散變量 discriminant function 判別函數(shù) discriminatory analysis 判別分析 distance 距離 distribution 分布

D-optimal design D-優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) E eaqual 相等

effects of interaction 交互效應(yīng) efficiency 有效性 eigenvalue 特征值 equal size 等含量 equation 方程 error 誤差 estimate 估計(jì)

estimation of parameters 參數(shù)估計(jì) estimations 估計(jì)量 evaluate 衡量

exact value 精確值 expectation 期望

expected value 期望值 exponential 指數(shù)的

exponential distributon 指數(shù)分布 extreme value 極值 F factor 因素，因子

factor analysis 因子分析 factor score 因子得分 factorial designs 析因設(shè)計(jì) factorial experiment 析因試驗(yàn) fit 擬合

fitted line 擬合線 fitted value 擬合值 fixed model 固定模型 fixed variable 固定變量

fractional factorial design 部分析因設(shè)計(jì) frequency 頻數(shù) F-test F檢驗(yàn)

full factorial design 完全析因設(shè)計(jì) function 函數(shù) G gamma distribution 伽瑪分布 geometric mean 幾何均值 group 組 H harmomic mean 調(diào)和均值 heterogeneity 不齊性 histogram 直方圖 homogeneity 齊性

homogeneity of variance 方差齊性 hypothesis 假設(shè)

hypothesis test 假設(shè)檢驗(yàn) I independence 獨(dú)立

independent variable 自變量 independent-samples 獨(dú)立樣本 index 指數(shù)

index of correlation 相關(guān)指數(shù) interaction 交互作用

interclass correlation 組內(nèi)相關(guān) interval estimate 區(qū)間估計(jì) intraclass correlation 組間相關(guān) inverse 倒數(shù)的 iterate 迭代 K kernal 核

Kolmogorov-Smirnov test 柯?tīng)柲缏宸?斯米諾夫檢驗(yàn) kurtosis 峰度 L large sample problem 大樣本問(wèn)題 layer 層

least-significant difference 最小顯著差數(shù) least-square estimation 最小二乘估計(jì) least-square method 最小二乘法 level 水平

level of significance 顯著性水平leverage value 中心化杠桿值 life 壽命

life test 壽命試驗(yàn)

likelihood function 似然函數(shù) likelihood ratio test 似然比檢驗(yàn) linear 線性的

linear estimator 線性估計(jì) linear model 線性模型 linear regression 線性回歸 linear relation 線性關(guān)系 linear term 線性項(xiàng) logarithmic 對(duì)數(shù)的 logarithms 對(duì)數(shù) logistic 邏輯的

lost function 損失函數(shù) M main effect 主效應(yīng) matrix 矩陣

maximum 最大值

maximum likelihood estimation 極大似然估計(jì) mean squared deviation(MSD)均方差 mean sum of square 均方和 measure 衡量 media 中位數(shù)

M-estimator M估計(jì) minimum 最小值

missing values 缺失值 mixed model 混合模型 mode 眾數(shù) model 模型

Monte Carle method 蒙特卡羅法 moving average 移動(dòng)平均值 multicollinearity 多元共線性 multiple comparison 多重比較 multiple correlation 多重相關(guān)

multiple correlation coefficient 復(fù)相關(guān)系數(shù) multiple correlation coefficient 多元相關(guān)系數(shù) multiple regression analysis 多元回歸分析 multiple regression equation 多元回歸方程 multiple response 多響應(yīng)

multivariate analysis 多元分析 N negative relationship 負(fù)相關(guān) nonadditively 不可加性 nonlinear 非線性

nonlinear regression 非線性回歸 noparametric tests 非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn) normal distribution 正態(tài)分布 null hypothesis 零假設(shè) number of cases 個(gè)案數(shù) O one-sample 單樣本

one-tailed test 單側(cè)檢驗(yàn)

one-way ANOVA 單向方差分析 one-way classification 單向分類 optimal 優(yōu)化的

optimum allocation 最優(yōu)配制 order 排序

order statistics 次序統(tǒng)計(jì)量 origin 原點(diǎn)

orthogonal 正交的 outliers 異常值 P paired observations 成對(duì)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù) paired-sample 成對(duì)樣本 parameter 參數(shù) parameter estimation 參數(shù)估計(jì) partial correlation 偏相關(guān)

partial correlation coefficient 偏相關(guān)系數(shù) partial regression coefficient 偏回歸系數(shù) percent 百分?jǐn)?shù)

percentiles 百分位數(shù) pie chart 餅圖

point estimate 點(diǎn)估計(jì)

poisson distribution 泊松分布 polynomial curve 多項(xiàng)式曲線 polynomial regression 多項(xiàng)式回歸 polynomials 多項(xiàng)式

positive relationship 正相關(guān) power 冪

P-P plot P-P概率圖 predict 預(yù)測(cè)

predicted value 預(yù)測(cè)值

prediction intervals 預(yù)測(cè)區(qū)間

principal component analysis 主成分分析 proability 概率

probability density function 概率密度函數(shù) probit analysis 概率分析 proportion 比例 Q qadratic 二次的

Q-Q plot Q-Q概率圖 quadratic term 二次項(xiàng) quality control 質(zhì)量控制 quantitative 數(shù)量的，度量的 quartiles 四分位數(shù) R random 隨機(jī)的

random number 隨機(jī)數(shù) random number 隨機(jī)數(shù) random sampling 隨機(jī)取樣 random seed 隨機(jī)數(shù)種子 random variable 隨機(jī)變量 randomization 隨機(jī)化 range 極差 rank 秩

rank correlation 秩相關(guān) rank statistic 秩統(tǒng)計(jì)量

regression analysis 回歸分析 regression coefficient 回歸系數(shù) regression line 回歸線 reject 拒絕

rejection region 拒絕域 relationship 關(guān)系 reliability 可靠性 repeated 重復(fù)的 report 報(bào)告，報(bào)表 residual 殘差

residual sum of squares 剩余平方和 response 響應(yīng)

risk function 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)函數(shù) robustness 穩(wěn)健性

root mean square 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 row 行 run 游程

run test 游程檢驗(yàn) S sample 樣本

sample size 樣本容量 sample space 樣本空間 sampling 取樣

sampling inspection 抽樣檢驗(yàn) scatter chart 散點(diǎn)圖 S-curve S形曲線 separately 單獨(dú)地 sets 集合

sign test 符號(hào)檢驗(yàn) significance 顯著性

significance level 顯著性水平significance testing 顯著性檢驗(yàn) significant 顯著的，有效的 significant digits 有效數(shù)字 skewed distribution 偏態(tài)分布 skewness 偏度

small sample problem 小樣本問(wèn)題 smooth平滑 sort 排序

soruces of variation 方差來(lái)源 space 空間 spread 擴(kuò)展 square平方

standard deviation 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)離差

standard error of mean 均值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤差 standardization 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 standardize 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 statistic 統(tǒng)計(jì)量

statistical quality control 統(tǒng)計(jì)質(zhì)量控制 std.residual 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)殘差

stepwise regression analysis 逐步回歸 stimulus 刺激

strong assumption 強(qiáng)假設(shè)

stud.deleted residual 學(xué)生化剔除殘差 stud.residual 學(xué)生化殘差 subsamples 次級(jí)樣本

sufficient statistic 充分統(tǒng)計(jì)量 sum 和

sum of squares平方和 summary 概括，綜述 T table 表

t-distribution t分布 test 檢驗(yàn)

test criterion 檢驗(yàn)判據(jù) test for linearity 線性檢驗(yàn)

test of goodness of fit 擬合優(yōu)度檢驗(yàn) test of homogeneity 齊性檢驗(yàn) test of independence 獨(dú)立性檢驗(yàn) test rules 檢驗(yàn)法則

test statistics 檢驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)量 testing function 檢驗(yàn)函數(shù) time series 時(shí)間序列 tolerance limits 容許限 total 總共，和

transformation 轉(zhuǎn)換 treatment 處理

trimmed mean 截尾均值 true value 真值 t-test t檢驗(yàn)

two-tailed test 雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn) U unbalanced 不平衡的

unbiased estimation 無(wú)偏估計(jì) unbiasedness 無(wú)偏性

uniform distribution 均勻分布 V value of estimator 估計(jì)值 variable 變量 variance 方差 variance components 方差分量 variance ratio 方差比 various 不同的 vector 向量 W weight 加權(quán)，權(quán)重

weighted average 加權(quán)平均值 within groups 組內(nèi)的 Z Z score Z分?jǐn)?shù)

2.最優(yōu)化方法詞匯英漢對(duì)照表 A active constraint 活動(dòng)約束 active set method 活動(dòng)集法 analytic gradient 解析梯度 approximate近似 arbitrary 強(qiáng)制性的 argument 變量

attainment factor 達(dá)到因子 B bandwidth 帶寬

be equivalent to 等價(jià)于 best-fit 最佳擬合 bound 邊界 C coefficient 系數(shù)

complex-value 復(fù)數(shù)值 component 分量 constant 常數(shù)

constrained 有約束的 constraint 約束

constraint function 約束函數(shù) continuous 連續(xù)的 converge 收斂

cubic polynomial interpolation method 三次多項(xiàng)式插值法 curve-fitting 曲線擬合 D data-fitting 數(shù)據(jù)擬合 default 默認(rèn)的，默認(rèn)的 define 定義 diagonal 對(duì)角的

direct search method 直接搜索法 direction of search 搜索方向 discontinuous 不連續(xù) E eigenvalue 特征值 empty matrix 空矩陣 equality 等式 exceeded 溢出的 F feasible 可行的

feasible solution 可行解 finite-difference 有限差分 first-order 一階 G Gauss-Newton method 高斯-牛頓法 goal attainment problem 目標(biāo)達(dá)到問(wèn)題 gradient 梯度

gradient method 梯度法 H handle 句柄

Hessian matrix 海色矩陣 I independent variables 獨(dú)立變量 inequality 不等式 infeasibility 不可行性 infeasible 不可行的

initial feasible solution 初始可行解 initialize 初始化 inverse 逆 invoke 激活 iteration 迭代 iteration 迭代 J Jacobian 雅可比矩陣 L Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子 large-scale 大型的 least square 最小二乘

least squares sense 最小二乘意義上的 Levenberg-Marquardt method 列文伯格-馬夸爾特法 line search 一維搜索 linear 線性的

linear equality constraints 線性等式約束 linear programming problem 線性規(guī)劃問(wèn)題 local solution 局部解 M medium-scale 中型的 minimize 最小化

mixed quadratic and cubic polynomial interpolation and extrapolation method 混合二次、三次多項(xiàng)式內(nèi)插、外插法 multiobjective 多目標(biāo)的 N nonlinear 非線性的 norm 范數(shù) O objective function 目標(biāo)函數(shù) observed data 測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)

optimization routine 優(yōu)化過(guò)程 optimize 優(yōu)化 optimizer 求解器

over-determined system 超定系統(tǒng) P parameter 參數(shù)

partial derivatives 偏導(dǎo)數(shù)

polynomial interpolation method 多項(xiàng)式插值法 Q quadratic 二次的

quadratic interpolation method 二次內(nèi)插法 quadratic programming 二次規(guī)劃 R real-value 實(shí)數(shù)值 residuals 殘差 robust 穩(wěn)健的

robustness 穩(wěn)健性，魯棒性 S scalar 標(biāo)量

semi-infinitely problem 半無(wú)限問(wèn)題

Sequential Quadratic Programming method 序列二次規(guī)劃法

simplex search method 單純形法 solution 解

sparse matrix 稀疏矩陣 sparsity pattern 稀疏模式 sparsity structure 稀疏結(jié)構(gòu) starting point 初始點(diǎn) step length 步長(zhǎng)

subspace trust region method 子空間置信域法 sum-of-squares平方和 symmetric matrix 對(duì)稱矩陣 T termination message 終止信息 termination tolerance 終止容限 the exit condition 退出條件

the method of steepest descent 最速下降法 transpose 轉(zhuǎn)置 U unconstrained 無(wú)約束的

under-determined system 負(fù)定系統(tǒng) V variable 變量 vector 矢量 W weighting matrix 加權(quán)矩陣 3 樣條詞匯英漢對(duì)照表 A approximation 逼近array 數(shù)組

a spline in b-form/b-spline b樣條

a spline of polynomial piece /ppform spline 分段多項(xiàng)式樣條 B bivariate spline function 二元樣條函數(shù) break/breaks 斷點(diǎn) C coefficient/coefficients 系數(shù)

cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次內(nèi)插 cubic polynomial 三次多項(xiàng)式

cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑樣條 cubic spline 三次樣條 cubic spline interpolation 三次樣條插值/三次樣條內(nèi)插 curve 曲線 D degree of freedom 自由度 dimension 維數(shù) E end conditions 約束條件 I input argument 輸入?yún)?shù) interpolation 插值/內(nèi)插 interval 取值區(qū)間 K knot/knots 節(jié)點(diǎn) L least-squares approximation 最小二乘擬合 M multiplicity 重次

multivariate function 多元函數(shù) O optional argument 可選參數(shù) order 階次

output argument 輸出參數(shù) P point/points 數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn) R rational spline 有理樣條

rounding error 舍入誤差（相對(duì)誤差）S scalar 標(biāo)量

sequence 數(shù)列（數(shù)組）spline 樣條

spline approximation 樣條逼近/樣條擬合 spline function 樣條函數(shù) spline curve 樣條曲線

spline interpolation 樣條插值/樣條內(nèi)插 spline surface 樣條曲面 smoothing spline平滑樣條 T tolerance 允許精度 U univariate function 一元函數(shù) V vector 向量 W weight/weights 權(quán)重 偏微分方程數(shù)值解詞匯英漢對(duì)照表 A absolute error 絕對(duì)誤差 absolute tolerance 絕對(duì)容限 adaptive mesh 適應(yīng)性網(wǎng)格 B boundary condition 邊界條件 C contour plot 等值線圖 converge 收斂 coordinate 坐標(biāo)系 D decomposed 分解的

decomposed geometry matrix 分解幾何矩陣 diagonal matrix 對(duì)角矩陣 Dirichlet boundary conditions Dirichlet邊界條件 E eigenvalue 特征值 elliptic 橢圓形的

error estimate 誤差估計(jì) exact solution 精確解 G generalized Neumann boundary condition 推廣的Neumann邊界條件 geometry 幾何形狀

geometry description matrix 幾何描述矩陣 geometry matrix 幾何矩陣

graphical user interface（GUI）

圖形用戶界面 H hyperbolic 雙曲線的 I initial mesh 初始網(wǎng)格 J jiggle 微調(diào) L Lagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子 Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程 linear interpolation 線性插值 loop 循環(huán) M machine precision 機(jī)器精度

mixed boundary condition 混合邊界條件 N Neuman boundary condition Neuman邊界條件 node point 節(jié)點(diǎn)

nonlinear solver 非線性求解器 normal vector 法向量 P Parabolic 拋物線型的

partial differential equation 偏微分方程 plane strain平面應(yīng)變 plane stress平面應(yīng)力

Poisson's equation 泊松方程 polygon 多邊形

positive definite 正定 Q quality 質(zhì)量 R refined triangular mesh 加密的三角形網(wǎng)格 relative tolerance 相對(duì)容限 relative tolerance 相對(duì)容限 residual 殘差

residual norm 殘差范數(shù) S singular 奇異的

第二篇：中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義英語(yǔ)詞匯(英漢對(duì)照)

中國(guó)特色詞匯英語(yǔ)翻譯

A.《阿Q正傳》 The True Story of Ah Q 安居工程 Housing Project for low-income families

按成本要素計(jì)算的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)總值 GNP at factor cost

按揭貸款 mortgage loan

按勞分配 distribution according to one's relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches 奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life

逼上梁山 be driven to drastic alternatives 比較經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) comparative economics

比上不足，比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many

閉門羹 given cold-shoulder 邊際報(bào)酬 marginal return performance

暗戀 unrequited love 暗虧 hidden loss

奧姆真理教 Japanese Aum Doomsday Cult B.把握大局 grasp the overall situation 白馬王子 Prince Charming 白色行情表 white sheet 白色農(nóng)業(yè) white agriculture 白雪公主 Snow White 擺架子 put on airs

拜把兄弟 sworn brothers 拜年 pay New Year call 搬遷戶 relocated families

半拉子工程 uncompleted project 傍大款find a sugar daddy

包干到戶 work contracted to households 包干制overall rationing system

包工包料 contract for labor and materials 保持國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的良好勢(shì)頭maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy

保持國(guó)有股 keep the State-held shares 保理業(yè)務(wù) factoring business 保稅區(qū)bonded area

保證重點(diǎn)支出ensure funding for priority areas

保值儲(chǔ)蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 報(bào)國(guó)計(jì)劃的實(shí)施implementation of Dedicator's Project 本本主義 bookishness

《本草綱目》 Compendium of Materia Medica

本命年 one's year of birth considered in 邊緣科學(xué) boundary science 變相漲價(jià)disguised inflation

剝奪冠軍 strip the gold medal of somebody

博彩（業(yè)）lottery industry 補(bǔ)缺選舉 by-election

不敗記錄 clean record, spotless record 不承諾放棄使用武器not undertake to renounce the use of force

不打不成交 No discord, no concord.不可再生資源 non-renewable resources 不良貸款 non-performing loan 不夜城 sleepless city

不正之風(fēng)harmful practice;unhealthy tendency C.采取高姿態(tài) show magnanimity

菜籃子工程 shopping basket program 參政、議政 participate in the management of State affairs

滄海桑田 Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change into seas--time brings great changes to the world.What was once the sea has

now changed into mulberry fields--the world is changing all the time.倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)式超市 stockroom-style supermarket 草根工業(yè) grass root industry(refers to village and township enterprises which take

root among farmers and grow like wold grass)

層層轉(zhuǎn)包和違法分保 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting 差額投票 differentail voting

差額選舉 competitive election 茶道 sado

查房 make/go the rounds of the wards 拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻 rob Peter to pay Paul

拆遷戶 households or units relocated due to building demolition

攙水股票 water-down stocks(ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons 城市中年雅皮士 muppie（一批中年專業(yè)人士，附庸風(fēng)雅，矯揉造作cutesification，崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification，攀比銀行存款bankification等擺闊作風(fēng)，由middle-aged urban yuppie縮合而成）

城鄉(xiāng)信用社 credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas

吃大鍋飯 egalitarian practice of inside

a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value)禪 dhyana

產(chǎn)糧大省 granary province 產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu) product mix

產(chǎn)權(quán)明晰、權(quán)責(zé)明確、政企分開(kāi)、科學(xué)管理 clearly established ownership, well

defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration，and scientific management

產(chǎn)權(quán)制度、產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系 property relations;property order

產(chǎn)銷直接掛鉤 directly link production with marketing

產(chǎn)業(yè)的升級(jí)換代 upgrading of industies 產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí) upgrading of an industrial structure

長(zhǎng)二捆 LM-2E

長(zhǎng)江三角洲 Yangtze River delta

長(zhǎng)期共存、互相監(jiān)督、肝膽相照、榮辱與共 long-term coexistence, mutual

supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe 長(zhǎng)線產(chǎn)品 product in excessive supply 暢通工程 “Smooth Traffic Project” 唱高調(diào) mouth high-sounding words

超高速巨型計(jì)算機(jī) giant ultra-high-speed computer

超前消費(fèi) overconsuming, excessive consumption

徹頭徹尾的反動(dòng)政治勢(shì)力an out and out reactionary political force

城市規(guī)劃 city's landscaping plan;urban planning “everybody eating from the same big pot” 吃皇糧 receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government 重復(fù)建設(shè) building redundant project;duplication of similar projects 抽殺成功 hit through

籌備委員會(huì) preparatory committee 出風(fēng)頭 show off;in the limelight

出口創(chuàng)匯能力 capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports

出口加工區(qū) export processing zones

出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods;export(tax)rebate

出口轉(zhuǎn)內(nèi)銷 domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports

出家 pravrajana;cloister 傳銷 multi-level marketing 窗口行業(yè) various service trades 創(chuàng)建衛(wèi)生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city

創(chuàng)業(yè)園 high-tech business incubator;pioneer park

吹風(fēng)會(huì)(advanced)briefing 春蕾計(jì)劃 Spring Buds Program

春運(yùn)(passenger)transport during the Spring Festival

《春秋》 Spring and Autumn Annals 磁懸浮列車 Maglev train(magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train 辭舊迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new;ring out the old year and ring in the new

此地?zé)o銀三百兩 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting his innocence.從粗放經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧s經(jīng)濟(jì) shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 粗放式管理 extensive management

促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化 foster integration 待業(yè) job-waiting

代職 function in an acting capacity 單循環(huán)制 single round-robin system 黨群關(guān)系 Party-masses relationship

黨政機(jī)關(guān) Party and government with the global economy

存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits

D.“達(dá)標(biāo)”活動(dòng) “target hitting” activities 打白條 issue IOU

打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering

打假 crack down on counterfeit goods 打破僵局 break the deadlock

打順手 find one's touch, get into gear, settle into a groove

大包干 all-round responsibility system 大轟動(dòng) blockbuster 大力扣殺 hammer 大路貨 staple goods

大開(kāi)眼界 open one's eyes;broaden one's horizon;be an eye-opener 大款 tycoon

大排擋 sidewalk snack booth;large stall 大事化小，小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大勝 white wash 大腕 top notch

大衛(wèi)教 Branch Davidian

大型電視系列片,長(zhǎng)篇電視連續(xù)劇 maxi-series

大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè) university students' innovative undertaking

大要案 major and serious criminal cases 大專生 junior college student 大專文憑 associate degree 大藏經(jīng) Tripitaka

帶薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits

待崗 await job assignment, post-waiting organizations

搗漿糊 give the runaround 盜版VCD pirated VCD

盜打（電話)free call on somebody else's expense through illegal means 盜用公款 embezzlement 單刀赴會(huì) start a solo run

倒票 speculative reselling of tickets 倒?fàn)?profiteer

倒計(jì)時(shí) countdowm

等外品 off-grade goods, rejects

鄧小平外交思想 Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts

低調(diào) low keyed(a metaphor for taking a cautious and slow approach)第二產(chǎn)業(yè) secondary industry

第三產(chǎn)業(yè) tertiary industry;service sector 第三代移動(dòng)電話(3G手機(jī))third generation mobile;3G mobile

第一發(fā)球權(quán) first inning 第一發(fā)球員 first server 第一雙打 first pair

地方保護(hù)主義 regional protectionism 地方財(cái)政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances

地球村 global village

地區(qū)差異 regional disparity 地?zé)豳Y源 geothermal resources 地市級(jí)城市 prefecture-level city 點(diǎn)子公司 consultancy company

電話號(hào)碼升位 upgrade telephone number 電話會(huì)議 teleconference 電視直銷 TV home shopping

電子商務(wù)認(rèn)證 e-business certification 吊球 drop shot

吊銷執(zhí)照 revoke license

釘子戶 person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonably

high compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project 定向培訓(xùn) training for specific posts 豆腐渣“工程 jerry-built project 毒梟 drug trafficker

獨(dú)立核算工業(yè)企業(yè) independent the absolute need.法治國(guó)家 a country under the rule of law 法制國(guó)家 a state with an adequate legal system

翻兩番 quadruple

反敗為勝 bring about a complete accounting unit(enterprise)

”渡假外交“ holiday-making diplomacy 短期債務(wù) floating debt

斷交信 Dear John letter(from woman to man)

對(duì)...毫無(wú)顧忌 make no bones about...對(duì)沖基金 hedge fund

對(duì)外招商 attract foreign investment 隊(duì)長(zhǎng)袖標(biāo)(足球）skipper's armband

多黨合作制 multi-party co-operation in exercising State power

多任務(wù)小衛(wèi)星 small multi-mission satellite(SMMS)奪冠 take the crown

E.惡性通貨膨脹 hyperinflation 惡性循環(huán) vicious circle

(把…當(dāng)成)耳旁風(fēng)Like water off(on)a duck’s back

二板市場(chǎng);創(chuàng)業(yè)板市場(chǎng) second board(on the country's stock market)

二次創(chuàng)業(yè) start a new undertakinge

二進(jìn)宮 to enter the palace a second time(people with a past criminal record again commits a crime, and is convicted and put into a correctional institution)二流選手 scrub, second-rater 二元經(jīng)濟(jì) dual economy

F.發(fā)案率 incidence(of criminal cases)發(fā)燒友 fancier;zealot;enthusiastic fan 發(fā)展不平衡 disparate development

發(fā)展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance./ Development is turnabout, pull out of the fire

反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法 Law of the People's Republic of China Against Competition by Inappropriate Means

反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government

防抱死系統(tǒng) ABS(anti-lock braking system)

防洪工程 flood-prevention project 房管 real estate management

訪談式競(jìng)選（候選人在電視訪談節(jié)目中亮相進(jìn)行的競(jìng)選）talk-show campaign

放下架子 to relinguish haungty airs;to get off one's high horse;throw off one's airs

放行單 release permit

飛毛腿（導(dǎo)彈）Scud missile 飛行藥檢 spot check

非對(duì)稱數(shù)字用戶環(huán)路 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop(ADSL)

費(fèi)改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes

分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market.分流 reposition of redundant personnel 分期付款 installment payment 分稅制 system of tax distribution

（產(chǎn)品）分銷 subunderwriting, distribution

粉領(lǐng)族 pink-collar tribe(Women who play major role in certain professions such as

office workers, secretaries, models, airline hostesses, etc)

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資 venture capital;risk investment 瘋牛病 mad cow disease;bovine spongiform enceohalopathy(BSE)鋒利扣殺 razor-sharp smash 封閉式基金 close-ended fund 封殺出局 force out

“封圣” canonization of ”Saints“ 福利彩票 welfare lotteries

福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system

浮動(dòng)工資 floating wages;fluctuating 根本政治制度 fundamental political system

個(gè)人收入應(yīng)稅申報(bào)制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment

個(gè)人自掃門前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜 hoe one’s own potatoes

wages

扶貧 poverty alleviation 覆蓋率 coverage rate

復(fù)式住宅duplex apartment;compound apartment(a type of residential housing that maximizes usable space by increasing the number of the storey building)

G.改制上市：An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.感謝款待的信 a bread and butter letter(a letter sent as thanks for being treated well as someone's guest)

干部隊(duì)伍革命化、年輕化、知識(shí)化、專業(yè)化make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary，younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent

港人治港 Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong

高層次、全方位的對(duì)話 high-level and all-directional dialogue

高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì) high yield and high quality 高度自治 high degree of autonomy 高官會(huì) Senior Officials Meeting(SOM)高級(jí)商務(wù)師 Certified Business Executive 高架公路 elevated highway;overhead road

高科技板塊 high-tech sector 高難度動(dòng)作 stunner, stunt 高清晰度 high definition

高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū) high and new technology industrial development zone(公路）隔離帶 median 各大菜系 major styles of cooking

各盡所能let each person do his best;from each according to his ability ”各就位“ ”O(jiān)n your marks!“ 跟蹤審計(jì) follow-up auditing

恭喜發(fā)財(cái) May you be prosperous!;Wish you all the best!

功夫不負(fù)有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.工程公司 engineering company

工商局 industrial and commercial bureau 工薪階層 salariat;state employee;salaried person

工業(yè)控制一體化integrated industrial control;industrial control of integration 工業(yè)園區(qū) industrial park

公費(fèi)醫(yī)療 medical services at state expense

公告板服務(wù) Bulletin Board Service(BBS)公檢法 public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts 公積金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds

公開(kāi)喊價(jià)市場(chǎng) open outcry markets

公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds

公司分立與解散 separation and dissolution of a company 公益林 public welfare forest

公正、公平、公開(kāi) just, fair and open 公證財(cái)產(chǎn) notarize the properties

共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的多黨合作與政治協(xié)商 multi-party cooperation and political consultation

under the leadership of Communist Party 狗仔隊(duì)dog packs;paparazzo(singular), paparazzi(plural)(It refers to those

journalists

who are hunting the news of celebrities.)骨干企業(yè) key enterprise 股本金equity capital 掛職

1)take a temporary post(in order to temper oneself)

2)serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the national economy

國(guó)債專項(xiàng)資金 special fund for treasury bond

過(guò)度開(kāi)墾 excess reclamation

過(guò)猶不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough;beyond is as wrong as falling

short;too much is as bad as too little

previous unit

關(guān)稅壁壘 customs barrier;tariff wall 光谷 optical valley

光機(jī)電一體化 optical, mechanical and electronic integration

光盤雜志 CD-ROM magazine

光通訊 photo-communication;optical communication

廣告電話直銷direct response advertising 廣域網(wǎng) wide area network(WAN)皈依三寶 become a Buddhist

國(guó)產(chǎn)化率 import substitution rate;localization rate of parts and components 國(guó)防動(dòng)員體制 the mobilization for national defense

國(guó)際慣例 international common practice 國(guó)際日期變更線 International Date Line(IDL)

《國(guó)際先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》 International Herald Tribune

國(guó)際商業(yè)機(jī)器公司 International Business Machine Corporation(IBM)

國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革委員會(huì) the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems

國(guó)家普通話水平考試 National Proficiency Test of Putonghua

國(guó)家一級(jí)保護(hù) first-grade State protection 國(guó)家質(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督局 the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision

國(guó)腳 player of the national football team;footballer of the national team 國(guó)庫(kù)券 treasury bonds 國(guó)民黨 Kuomintang

國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱產(chǎn)業(yè) pillar industries in H.海市蜃樓，鏡花水月, 無(wú)稽之談 a mare’s nest

海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)綜合癥 the complexities of the Gulf War

函授大學(xué) correspondence university 旱地滑雪場(chǎng) mock skiing park

漢字處理軟件 Chinese character processing software 航母 aircraft carrier

豪賭 unrestrained gambling 好事不出門，惡事傳千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread

far and wide.好出風(fēng)頭的運(yùn)動(dòng)員 exhibitionist, grandstander

好萊塢大片 Hollywood blockbuster ”好球“ ”Strike“ 和服 Kimono

合理引導(dǎo)消費(fèi) guide rational consumption 合議庭 collegiate bench

核銷 cancel after verification 黑店 gangster inn 黑客 hacker

黑社會(huì) Mafia-style organizations;gangland

宏觀調(diào)控 macro-control

紅包（中）red paper containing money as a gift,(貶)bribe, kickback

《紅樓夢(mèng)》A Dream in Red Mansions(The Story of the Stone)

紅帽子企業(yè) red cap enterprise(refers to

the reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the 貨幣化 monetization

貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation

name of

a state-run or collective-run enterprise)紅細(xì)胞生成素 Erythropoietin(EPO)環(huán)太平洋地區(qū) Pacific Rim

后防空虛 leave the defense exposed 后臺(tái)管理 back-stage management 呼啦圈 hu la hoop

胡子工程 long-drawn-out project(a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)

虎父無(wú)犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.互動(dòng)廣告 interactive advertisement 戶口簿 residence booklet

戶口管理制度 domicile system, residence registration system

戶主 head of a household 護(hù)身法寶 amulet

華表 ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele 華蓋 canopy 滑板車 scooter ”壞球“ ”Ball“

還俗 resume secular life, unfrock

”黃、賭、毒“ pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking 黃金時(shí)段 prime time

(吃)”皇糧“ public grainfunds, goods, etc provided by the government;salary paid by the state 揮棒 swing 揮棒不中 fan

灰色收入 income from moonlighting 匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation

婚介所 matrimonial agency 婚外戀 extramarital love

活到老，學(xué)到老 One is never too old to learn.火炬計(jì)劃 Torch Program(a plan to develop new and high technology)貨到付款 cash on delivery

J.機(jī)場(chǎng)建設(shè)費(fèi) airport construction fee

機(jī)構(gòu)臃腫 overstaffing in organizations(government)

基本路線要管一百年 The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.基本國(guó)情 fundamental realities of the country

基層民主 democracy at the grassroots level

基層組織 organizations at the grass-roots level

基因工程 genetic engineering

積壓產(chǎn)品 overstocked commodities(inventories)績(jī)優(yōu)股 blue chip

激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng) cut-throat competition

吉尼斯世界記錄 Guinness(Book of Records)

吉祥物 mascot

緝毒隊(duì) narcotics squad

緝私力量 the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling

集體婚禮 collective wedding ceremony 集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去 go all out for economic development

計(jì)劃單列市 city specifically designated in the state plan

計(jì)劃生育責(zé)任制 responsibility system of family planning

計(jì)算機(jī)中央處理器 central processing unit(CPU)

記者席 press box

”既成事實(shí)“ fait accompli(noun)

技術(shù)產(chǎn)權(quán)交易所 technology equity market;technology property right exchange

技術(shù)密集產(chǎn)品 technology-intensive product

技術(shù)下鄉(xiāng) spread technological knowledge to farmers

嘉賓 distinguished guest, honored guest 加班 work extra shifts 加密 encrypt

加權(quán)平均值 weighted average

加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public of the Ministry of Education 接口 interface

街道企業(yè) neighborhood enterprise

街心花園 park at an intersection;garden in the city center

節(jié)奏布魯斯音樂(lè)（RMB音樂(lè)）rhythm blues

解放生產(chǎn)力 emancipate the productive forces opinion

家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制 the household contract responsibility system 家族企業(yè) family firm 假唱 lip-synch

假動(dòng)作 deception, feint

甲骨文 inscriptions on oracle bones 假日經(jīng)濟(jì) holiday economy

堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)一，反對(duì)分裂，增加了解，化解歧見(jiàn) persist in reunification, oppose separation，increase understanding and iron out differences

監(jiān)督部門 watchdog

尖端產(chǎn)品 highly sophisticated products 剪彩 cut the ribbon

剪刀差 the scissors gap between the prices of...and...減負(fù) alleviate burdens on sb.減速玻璃(汽車）decelerating glass

減員增效 downsizing for efficiency;cut payroll to improve efficiency

江南水鄉(xiāng) the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River

講誠(chéng)信，反欺詐： honor credibility and oppose cheating

降落傘候選人，外來(lái)候選人（應(yīng)召而來(lái)參加本人非所在地區(qū)競(jìng)選的政黨候選人）parachute candidate

腳踩兩只船 sit on the fence 腳踏實(shí)地 be down-to-earth 僥幸球 fluke

教學(xué)法 pedagogy;teaching method

教育部社政司 Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department 解放思想、實(shí)事求是的思想路線 ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts

解困基金 anti-poverty funds

結(jié)售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales

戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center

戒急用忍 overcome impetuosity and exercise patience

金本位 gold standard

金邊債券 gilt-edged bonds 金剛經(jīng) Vajracchedika-sutra 金降落傘 golden parachute

金融電子化 computerize financial services

金稅工程 Golden Tax Project

金無(wú)足赤, 人無(wú)完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.緊箍咒 inhibiting magic phrase

緊密型企業(yè)集團(tuán) tightly-knit groups of enterprises

緊追 cling to, shadow, thunder on one's trail

近海漁業(yè) offshore fishery

近水樓臺(tái)先得月 First come, first served;A water-front pavilion gets the moonlight first

--the advantage of being in a favored position.進(jìn)出口商會(huì) chamber of import and export trade

進(jìn)口滲透 import penetration 進(jìn)修班 class for further studies 禁漁期 closed fishing seasons 禁止在任何地方、任何環(huán)境進(jìn)行一切方式的釋放核能的核武器試驗(yàn)保爆炸 prohibit any

nuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment

經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目順差favorable balance of current of products

開(kāi)放式基金 open-ended fund

開(kāi)工不足 enterprises running under their production capacity

開(kāi)工典禮 commencement ceremony

開(kāi)后門under-the-counter deals;offer account, surplus of current account 經(jīng)常性貸款 commercial lending 經(jīng)常性支出 running expenses 經(jīng)濟(jì)林 cash tree

經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化 economic globalization;economic integration

經(jīng)濟(jì)失調(diào)指數(shù) misery index

經(jīng)濟(jì)頭腦 commercially minded people;people with business sense

經(jīng)營(yíng)管理高度科學(xué)化的現(xiàn)代化大企業(yè) modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system

精簡(jiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) streamline government organs 精品 competitive products 京劇票友 Peking Opera fan

京劇人物臉譜 types of facial make-up in Beijing opera 景泰藍(lán) cloisonné

敬業(yè)精神 professional dedication;professional ethics 勁射 power shot

九五攻關(guān) State Key Task 95

居委會(huì) neighborhood committee;residents' committee

局域網(wǎng) local area network(LAN)

舉報(bào)電話 informants' hot-line telephone 拒載 refuse to take passengers

君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal;

a hedge between keeps friendship green 竣工式 completion ceremony

K.卡丁車 kart

開(kāi)發(fā)一代，儲(chǔ)存一帶，預(yù)研一代(產(chǎn)品）to develop this generation of products

while researching on the next generation advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means

開(kāi)題報(bào)告 opening speech;opening report 開(kāi)小灶 give special favor

開(kāi)夜車 burn the midnight oil;work over night

看守政府, 看守內(nèi)閣，過(guò)渡政府 caretaker cabinet

坎兒井 karez

抗美援朝戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea 抗震棚 quake-proof shelter

考研 take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools

考研熱 the craze for graduate school

科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements 科技含量 technology content

科技是第一生產(chǎn)力 Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教興國(guó) rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation

科研攻關(guān) scientific research and tackle the key research project

可持續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable development 刻錄機(jī) CD writer;disc-carving machine 空頭支票 accommodation note, lip service 空中小姐 air hostess;air stewardess 控股公司 holding company 扣帽子 put a label on

跨世紀(jì)工程 a trans-century project

跨越式發(fā)展 great-leap-forward development

快訊 news flash;flash

寬帶接入 broadband access 寬帶網(wǎng) broadband networks 寬限期 grace period

虧損企業(yè) enterprises running in the 聯(lián)合兼并 conglomeration and merger of red/under deficit 困難職工 the needy

L.垃圾債券 junk bond

拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) fuel economic growth 拉拉隊(duì) cheering squad

拉拉隊(duì)長(zhǎng) cheer-leader, rooter king 拉關(guān)系 try to curry favor with

來(lái)電顯示電話機(jī) caller ID telephone

來(lái)料加工 process materials supplied by clients;accept customers' materials for processing

勞動(dòng)合同制 labor contract system 老生常談，陳詞濫調(diào) cut and dried

老字號(hào) an old and famous shop or enterprise

”籬笆墻“ barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading

禮尚往來(lái) Courtesy calls for reciprocity.理貨公司 tally company 禮儀小姐 ritual girl

利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 利好因素 wrinkle 利基 niche

立體農(nóng)業(yè) three-dimensional agriculture 廉政建設(shè) construction of a clean and honest administration

廉政、勤政、務(wù)實(shí)、高效政府 an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government

廉潔奉公，以正治國(guó)(of an official)clean and devoted, and govern the state with his own example of uprightness

聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制 system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output;

contract system with remuneration linked to output

聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)費(fèi) the UN membership dues(fee)enterprises

聯(lián)合聯(lián)絡(luò)小組 joint liaison group 聯(lián)合投標(biāo) syndicated tender 聯(lián)想集團(tuán) Legend Group 連帶責(zé)任 joint liability 練攤 to be a vendor

良性循環(huán) virtuous circle

糧食收購(gòu)部門(government's)grain procurement(purchasing)agencies

糧油關(guān)系：grain and oil rationing registration

兩岸直航促進(jìn)會(huì) Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation

兩彈一艇 A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine

”兩個(gè)對(duì)等的政治實(shí)體“ ”two equal political entities

兩個(gè)文明一起抓 place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress

兩手抓兩手都要硬 We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and spiritual

civilization(both material as well as culture and ideological progress)without any letup.“兩思”（致富思源，富而思進(jìn)）to think of the source of getting rich and of making progress

after becoming affluence

老少邊窮地區(qū) former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities，remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas

《聊齋志異》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio

獵頭公司 head-hunting company

劣等品shoddy goods;substandard goods;lemon(口語(yǔ))

臨時(shí)主教練 caretaker coach

零配件 spare and accessory parts 領(lǐng)頭羊 bellwether

留職停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary

留學(xué)咨詢：consulting on the study abroad 流動(dòng)人口 transient population

流動(dòng)圖書館 travelling library;bookmobile(行業(yè)中的)龍頭老大 leading enterprise;flagship of the industry

亂集資、亂攤派、亂收費(fèi) unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of 美食節(jié) gourmet festival

每逢佳節(jié)倍思親 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away./ It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.門前三包 be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social order

donations

and exaction of fees from enterprises 亂收費(fèi)、亂攤派、亂罰款 arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines 《論語(yǔ)》 Analects of Confucius 論文答辯(thesis)oral defense 裸機(jī)：bare mobile phone

旅行結(jié)婚 have a honeymoon trip 綠地覆蓋率 forest coverage rate 綠化 afforestation

綠色急救通道 emergency green path 綠色食品 green food M.馬拉松式競(jìng)選活動(dòng) campaignathon

馬路菜場(chǎng)入室工程 the project to build indoor free market to accommodate street vegetable vendors

馬太效應(yīng) the Matthew effect(A phenomenon in specific circles whereby one's accomplishments

and reputation tend to snowball, and those with meager accomplishments have greater difficulty

achieving accomplishments.)滿意度 degree of satisfaction

盲流和倒流人員 transient from the countryside

帽子戲法 hat trick

冒充包裝（銷售）[指將劣質(zhì)商品包裝成外觀像名優(yōu)產(chǎn)品出售的做法] copycat packaging

買一送一 two-for-one offer, buy one get one free

美聲唱法 bel canto in a designated area outside the unit building

蒙古包(Mongolian)yurt 蒙古大夫 quack 朦朧詩(shī) misty poetry

民辦教師 citizen-managed teachers(teachers in rural citizen-managed or state-managed schools

who do not receive the normal remuneration from the government)

民工潮 farmers' frenzied hunt for work in cities

民進(jìn)黨 Democratic Progressive Party 民主黨派、工商聯(lián)與無(wú)黨派人士 non-Communist parties, federations of industry and commerce，personages without party affiliation 民族凝聚力 national cohesion

民族委員會(huì) ethnic affairs commission 民族文化大省 a province with rich ethnic culture

明明白白消費(fèi)（2000年保護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益工作主題）transparent consumption 磨洋工 dawdle along

模擬測(cè)試 mock test;simulated exam 莫失良機(jī) make hay while the sun shines 目標(biāo)管理 management by objectives

N.NASDAQ National Association of Securities Deal Automated Quotations 納米 nanometer

難得糊涂 Where ignorance is bliss, it's folly to be wise.南水北調(diào) South-to-North water diversion 南水北調(diào)工程 divert water from the south to the north project

男權(quán)主義思想 male chauvinism 囊括 complete a sweep

耐用消費(fèi)品 durable consumer items(goods)

鬧情緒 be disgruntled;be in a fit of pique 碰頭會(huì) brief meeting(A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)

疲軟股票 soft stock

皮包公司 bogus company 啤酒肚 beer belly

票販子 scalper, ticket tout 內(nèi)環(huán)路 inner ring road

內(nèi)聯(lián)企業(yè) enterprises with internal connections

能官能民 be ready to both serve as an offical and be one of the common people 能進(jìn)能出，能上能下competent to work both at the top and at the grass roots

能進(jìn)能出，能上能下,方謂好漢 He who knows how to fight and how to retreat deserves to be

called a brave man.能上網(wǎng)的手機(jī) WAP phone 內(nèi)耗 in-fighting

泥菩薩 like a clay Buddha fording the river-hardly able to save oneself;each one is looking out

for his own survival

年同比 year-on-year;on an annual basis 年夜飯 family reunion dinner

扭轉(zhuǎn)局面 reverse the tide, turn the table 農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力 surplus rural labour(labourers)

諾亞方舟 Noah’s Ark

O.P.派出所 local police station

跑龍?zhí)?utility man, play a bit role, general handyman

泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì) bubble economy 配股 allotment of shares 配套政策 supporting policies

棚戶 shacks;family that live in shacks 碰釘子 get snubbed 票房 box office

騙匯、逃匯、套匯 obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over

foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 拼圖 jigsaw

貧富懸殊 polarization of rich and poor 貧鈾彈 depleted uranium bomb 平均主義 equalitarianism 平面設(shè)計(jì)師 graphic designer 評(píng)頭論足 nit-pick

瓶頸制約 “bottleneck”restrictions 撲網(wǎng)(體）rush-up, rushing 普選制 general election system

Q.期房 forward delivery housing 騎警 horseback police

企業(yè)孵化器 enterprise incubator 企業(yè)文化 corporate culture 起跑器 block

洽談會(huì) fair, meeting

千代田壽險(xiǎn)公司（日本）Chiyoda Mutual Life Insurance Co.千禧嬰兒 millennium infant;millennium baby

強(qiáng)化班 intensive training class 搶跑 false start, beat the gun

敲竹杠make somebody pay through the nose;put the lug on;rob by a trick

切入點(diǎn) point of penetration;breakthrough point

親民黨 People First Party

勤工儉學(xué) part-work and part-study system;work-study program 輕軌火車 light rail train

情感消費(fèi) emotional consumption

情有獨(dú)鐘 show special preference(favor)(NPG)

人均住房 per-capita housing

人類免疫缺陷病毒Human to …

區(qū)位商業(yè) location-based commerce 屈體 jackknife, pike

圈外人士 people out of the loop

全方位外交 multi-faceted diplomacy 全國(guó)衛(wèi)生城市 National Hygienic City 全景電影 cinepanoramic

全民健身計(jì)劃綱要 outline of the nationwide body-building plan 全能冠軍 all-around winner

全球定位系統(tǒng) global positioning system(GPS)

全球通 global system for mobile communications

全天候飛機(jī) all-weatehr aircraft

全優(yōu)工程 all-round excellent project

拳頭產(chǎn)品 competitive products;knock-out products;blockbuster

裙帶風(fēng) nepotism;petticoat influence 裙帶關(guān)系 networking through petticoat influence

群言堂 allow everybody to air his view;let everyone have his say;speak one's mind freely

權(quán)貴資本主義(又譯裙帶資本主義或親朋好友資本主義)crony capitalism

R.燃油附加稅 bunker surcharge

染指 reap undeserved profit from;encroach upon

繞圈子 beat around the bush 熱島效應(yīng) tropical island effect 人才流失brain drain 人浮于事 overstaffing

人工智能 artificial intelligence(AI)人海戰(zhàn)術(shù) huge-crowd strategy

人機(jī)交互 human-computer interaction 人際交往 human communication

人口負(fù)增長(zhǎng) negative population growth Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)人情債 debt of gratitude 任意球 free kick

日本協(xié)力銀行 Japan Bank For International Cooperation(JBIC)融資渠道 financing channels 入水時(shí)水花很少 clean entry 軟新聞 soft news

S.360度環(huán)幕電影 Circamara 三八紅旗手 woman pace-setter 三八線 38th Parallel

三步走戰(zhàn)略 the three-step development strategy

三大作風(fēng) the Party's three important styles of work(integrating theory with practice, forging

close links with the masses and practicing self-criticism)

“三個(gè)代表” “three represents” theory(The Party should always represent the development

needs of China's advanced social productive forces, always represent the onward direction

of China's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests of the largest

member of the Chinese people.)

三個(gè)有利于 “three favorables”(whether it promotes the growth of the productive forces in

a socialist society, increases the overall strenth of the socialist state and raises the people's

living standards

《三國(guó)演義》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

三好學(xué)生 merit student;three good student(good in study, attitude and health)

“三講”教育（講學(xué)習(xí)、講政治、講正氣）“three emphases” education(to stress theoretical

study, political awareness and good conduct)

三角戀愛(ài) love triangle 三角債 chain debt

三來(lái)一補(bǔ)企業(yè) the enterprises that process raw materials on clients' demands, assemble parts

for the clients and process according to the clients' samples;or engage in compensation trade.三連冠 three successive championships 三民主義 the Three People's Principles(Nationalism, Democracy and the People's Livelihood)

put forward by Dr.Sun Yat-sen

三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty./ At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.三通 three direct links of trade, mail, and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits

三通一平“three supplies and one leveling”;supply of water, electricity and road and leveled

ground(conditions ready for further economic development)

三維電影 three-dimensional movie

三 維 動(dòng) 畫 片 three-dimensional animation

三無(wú)企業(yè) three-no-enterprises(It refers to enterprises with no capital, no plant, and no administrative structure.)

三下鄉(xiāng) a program under which officials, doctors, scientist and college students go to the countryside to spread scientific and literacy knowledge and offer medical service to farmers 三資企業(yè) three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures: Sino-foreign joint ventures(中外合資企業(yè)), cooperative businesses（中外合作企業(yè)）and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China（外商獨(dú)資企業(yè)）

三字經(jīng) three-character scripture

“掃黃”、“打非” eliminate pornography and illegal publications

掃尾工作 round-off work;wind-up work 殺手锏 sudden thrust of the mace--one's trump or master card

沙塵暴sand storm;dust storm

山不在高，有仙則名；No matter how high the mountain is, its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy;

《山海經(jīng)》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers

商檢局 Commodity Inspection Bureau 商品房空置的現(xiàn)象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing 商品條碼 bar code

上山下鄉(xiāng)(of educated urban youth)go and work in the countryside or mountain areas

上市 to be listed

上網(wǎng) to get on the Internet

上有天堂，下有蘇杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzou on earth.少數(shù)服從多數(shù)、下級(jí)服從上級(jí)、局部服從全體、全黨服從中央 the minority is subordinate to the

majority, the lower level to the higher level, the part to the whole and the entire membership of the

Party to the Central Committee 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題 hot spots of society

社會(huì)治安情況 public security situation 涉外經(jīng)濟(jì) foreign-related business

申辦奧運(yùn)會(huì) bid for the Olympic Games 身體素質(zhì) physique;physical constitution 神州行電話卡 Shenzhou pre-paid card 審時(shí)度勢(shì) size up the situation

滲透、顛覆和分裂活動(dòng) infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities 《生死抉擇》 “Live or Die”

生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè) environmental-friendly agriculture

失戀 be disappointed in love;be jilted 失學(xué)兒童 dropout

實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō) speak the plain truth;call a spade a spade

實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Practice is the 刷卡, 劃卡 to punch the card;to stamp the card

甩賣 clearance sale;be on sale 涮羊肉 instant-boiled mutton 雙刃劍 double-edged sword

雙向選擇 two-way selection, referring to employer and employee choosing each other in a job market

sole criterion for testing truth.食品衛(wèi)生法 Food Hygiene Law of People's Republic of China

實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì) the real economy

實(shí)現(xiàn)零的突破 fulfil the zero(gold medal, medal, etc)breakthrough

實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民偉大復(fù)興 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

實(shí)行國(guó)民待遇 grant the national treatment to

實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育、控制人口數(shù)量、提高人口素質(zhì) promotion of family planning to control the population size and improve the health of the people

實(shí)現(xiàn)小康目標(biāo) to achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life

時(shí)不我待 Time and tide wait for no man.<<史記>> Shi Ji/ Historical Records 市場(chǎng)疲軟 sluggish market 市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入 market access 試用期 probationary period

適度從緊的財(cái)政政策 moderately tight financial policy

適銷對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品 readily marketable products

適者生存survival of the fittest 手機(jī)入網(wǎng)費(fèi) mobile access fee 首創(chuàng)精神 pioneering spirit

首航 maiden voyage(of an aircraft or ship)

授信額度 line of credit

受災(zāi)地區(qū) disaster-affected are 售后服務(wù) after-sale services

樹(shù)立企業(yè)良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image 《水滸傳》 Heroes of the Marshes;Water Margins

水貨 smuggled goods

水墨畫 Chinese brush drawing;ink and wash painting

碩博聯(lián)讀 a continuous academic project that involves postgraduate and doctoral study

司儀 MC(master of ceremonies)思鄉(xiāng)曲 Nostalgia

思想僵鐵 fossilized concept 死機(jī) system halted

四大金剛 Four Heavenly Guardians at the entrance to a Buddhism temple;Four Devarajas

四個(gè)如何認(rèn)識(shí)(江澤民總書記在今年6月28日中央思想政治工作會(huì)議上發(fā)表的重要講話中，提出并精辟闡述了如何認(rèn)識(shí)社會(huì)主義發(fā)展的歷史進(jìn)程、如何認(rèn)識(shí)資本主義發(fā)展的歷史進(jìn)程、如何認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義改革實(shí)踐過(guò)程對(duì)人們思想的影響、如何認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)今的國(guó)際環(huán)境和國(guó)際

政治斗爭(zhēng)帶來(lái)的影響等當(dāng)前直接影響干部群眾思想活動(dòng)的重大問(wèn)題.)

In his important address to the Central Ideological and Political Work Conference on June 28

this year, Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin expounds on how to understand the historical

process of socialist development;how to understand the historical process of capitalist

development;how to understand the impact of China's socialist reform over the people's

thinking;how to understand the impact of the current international environment and political struggle.四十不惑 Life begins at forty.四項(xiàng)基本原則 the Four Cardinal Principles of adherence to the socialist road, the people's democratic dictatorship, the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought

(企業(yè)集團(tuán)的）松散層 loose level(of an enterprise group)

素質(zhì)教育 education for all-around development

隨行就市 prices fluctuating in response to market conditions

T.抬杠 argue for the sake of arguing;bicker 太空步 moonwalk

攤牌put/lay one’s card on the table 彈性工資 flexible pay

彈性外交 elastic diplomacy

逃票 to sneak through without a ticket 逃票者 ticket evader 套利 arbitrage

特別提款權(quán) special drawing rights(SDR;SDRs);paper gold

特技演員stunt man;stand-in 特色電話機(jī) feature phone 特許稅franchise tax

提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品收購(gòu)價(jià)格 the government's increase in its procurement prices(for farm products)

替身演員 stunt man/woman;stand-in 跳蚤市場(chǎng) flea market 鐵飯碗 iron rice bowl 鐵哥們 faithful pal；buddies；sworn friend 鐵血宰相 iron-and-blood prime minister 通存通兌 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are processed at any branch bank

通貨緊縮 deflation(of currency)

統(tǒng)籌安排 comprehensive arrangement 統(tǒng)一市場(chǎng) single market

統(tǒng)一稅 flat tax, consolidated tax

同等學(xué)力 have the same educational level(as the regular graduate or student of certain academic qualification)

同鄉(xiāng)會(huì) an association of fellow provincials or townsmen

筒子樓：tube-shaped apartment 偷稅漏稅 tax evasion

偷稅、騙稅、逃稅、抗稅 tax evasion, tax fraud, and refusal to pay taxes

頭號(hào)種子選手 No.1 seed(player);top seed 投手 pitcher

透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì) see through the appearance to perceive the essence

土地沙化 desertification of land;desert encroachment

團(tuán)身 bunch up the body

推廣科研成果 turning laboratory achievements into commercial/mass production;commercialization of laboratory achievements 退耕還林還草 grain for green 脫口秀 talk show

脫貧致富 cast(shake, throw)off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 脫手 release grip

W.汪辜會(huì)談 Wang Daohan-Koo Chen-fu Talks(Wang-Koo talks)

王儲(chǔ)，王太子 Crown Prince 網(wǎng)吧 Internet bar 網(wǎng)關(guān) gateway

網(wǎng)戀 online love affair

網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版 online publishing

網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員 network administrator

網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì) cybereconomy

網(wǎng)民 netizen;net citizen;cyber citizen 網(wǎng)上沖浪surf the Internet

網(wǎng)上交易平臺(tái) online trading platform 網(wǎng)友 net friend

往事如風(fēng) The past has vanished(from memory)like wind.;What in past, is past.溫飽工程 bring-warmth fill-bellies project 穩(wěn)定壓倒一切 Maintaining stability is of

息事寧人 pour oil on troubled waters 西部大開(kāi)發(fā) West Development

西氣東輸 transport the natural gas from the West to the East

《西廂記》 The Romance of West Chamber 《西游記》Pilgrimage to the West;Journey to the West

top priority

微軟移動(dòng)構(gòu)想 Microsoft Vision for Mobility;Microsoft Mobility Initiatives 維護(hù)人權(quán)和不斷改善人權(quán)狀況 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation

《圍城》 A Surrounded City

偽君子hypocrite;a wolf in sheep's clothing

偽劣商品賠還法 lemon law

衛(wèi)冕世界冠軍 reigning world champion 文明街道 model community

文韜武略 military expertise;military strategy

問(wèn)訊處 information office;inquiry desk 屋頂花園 roof garden

無(wú)氟冰箱

freon-free refrigerator

無(wú)人售票 self-service ticketing

無(wú)繩來(lái)電顯示電話 cordless telephone with caller ID

無(wú)為而治 govern by doing nothing that is against nature;govern by non-interference

無(wú)線應(yīng)用協(xié)議 WAP（wireless application protocol）

無(wú)形資產(chǎn)intangible assets

無(wú)中生有 make/create something out of nothing

武?小說(shuō) tales of roving knights;martial arts novel;kung fu novel 物價(jià)局 Price Bureau

物業(yè)管理 estate management, property management

X.吸收游資 absorb idle fund 希望工程 Project Hope

喜憂參半 mingled hope and fear 洗錢 money laundering

下放權(quán)力給 delegating the management of...(to...)

下崗 laid-off workers

下海 plunge into the commercial sea 下網(wǎng) off line

下游行業(yè) downstream industry

險(xiǎn)勝 cliff-hanging win, narrow victory, nose out

線下商貿(mào)運(yùn)作 offline business operation 縣改市：county upgraded to city 縣級(jí)市：county-level city

現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度 modern enterprise system;modern corporate system 香格里拉 Shangri-la

向錢看 mammonism, put money above all 項(xiàng)目立項(xiàng) approve and initiate a project 項(xiàng)目預(yù)算 project budget 項(xiàng)目支持 project support

消費(fèi)信貸 consumer credit services

削減戰(zhàn)略核武器會(huì)談 strategic arms reduction talks(START)

小康 a comfortable level of living;a better-off life;moderate prosperity

小康之家 well-off family;comfortably-off family

效益工資achievements-related wages;wages based on benefits

效益農(nóng)業(yè) profitable agriculture 寫真集 photo album

心理素質(zhì) psychological quality 新寵 new favourite

新官上任三把火 a new broom sweeps clean

新新人類 New Human Being；X 養(yǎng)老金 pension 養(yǎng)路費(fèi) road toll 搖錢樹(shù) cash cow

Generation

新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star 信貸支持 credit aid

信息港 inforport;cyber port 信息化 informationize 信用緊縮 credit crunch 信用危機(jī)credit crisis

星期日泰晤士報(bào) the Sunday Times

形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand 虛擬網(wǎng) virtual net

選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán) the right to vote and the right to be elected 選舉人票 electoral vote 選舉人制 electoral system

學(xué)而優(yōu)則仕(a Confucian slogan for education)a good scholar can become an official;he who excels in study can follow an official career

學(xué)生處 students' affairs division

學(xué)生減負(fù) alleviate the burden on students 徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends

尋呼小姐 operators who work with paging centres

巡回招聘 milk round 壓水花技術(shù) rip entry 壓線(口令)Line!

壓軸戲 grand finale;last and best item on a theatrical program 亞健康 subhealthy

嚴(yán)打斗爭(zhēng)Strike-Hard Operation, campaign to crack down relentlessly on criminal activities

言情小說(shuō) romantic fiction;sentimental novel

研究成果 research results

研究生畢業(yè)證/學(xué)位證 graduate diploma/graudate degree's diploma 陽(yáng)春（最經(jīng)濟(jì)方式）no-frills 羊肉串小攤 barbecue stall 搖頭丸 dancing outreach

藥物檢查 dope control, drug testing 野生動(dòng)物園 wildlife park;safari park 業(yè)內(nèi)人士 insider

液晶顯示屏 liquid crystal display(LCD)一次性筷子 throwaway chopsticks

一次性解決問(wèn)題 solve the problem once and for all

一大二公(concerning the people's commune)large in size and collective in nature

一刀切 cut it even at one stroke--make it rigidly uniform;impose uniformity in all cases;allow no flexibility

一國(guó)兩制，One country, two systems 一級(jí)市場(chǎng) primary market

(祝愿…)一路平安，一路順風(fēng) speed somebody on their way;speed the parting guest

一式兩聯(lián)(receipt or invoice)in duplicate 一手抓物質(zhì)文明，一手抓精神文明；一手抓經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)，一手抓民主法制；一手抓改革開(kāi)放，一手抓打擊犯罪懲治腐敗 We must always work for material progress and at the same time for

cultural and ethical progress;We should develop the economy and at the same time strengthen

democracy and the legal system;We should promote reform and opening to the outside world

and at the same time fight crime and punish corruption.一線員工 worker at the production line 一言既出，駟馬難追 A real man never goes back on his words.醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn) medical insurance

移動(dòng)電話雙向收費(fèi) two-way charges for cellular phones

以公有制為主體，多種經(jīng)濟(jì)成分共同發(fā)展 the pattern with the public sector remaining dominant

and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side

以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction 以謀略制勝 outmaneuver

以權(quán)謀私 abuse of power for personal law-breakers must be prosecuted.有理想、有道德、有文化、有紀(jì)律 with lofty ideals, integrety, knowledge and a strong sense of discipline

有情人終成眷屬 Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well.有望奪金者 a gold medal hopeful

有勇無(wú)謀 use brawn rather than brain 與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)接軌 integrate with the world gains

以人為本 people oriented;people foremost

以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向 market-oriented

以質(zhì)量求生存、求發(fā)展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality

以質(zhì)量求發(fā)展 strategy of development through quality;win the market with quality products

義和團(tuán)運(yùn)動(dòng) Boxer Uprising

義務(wù)兵役制 compulsory military service, conscription

義務(wù)教育 compulsory education

義演收入 proceeds from benefit performmance

薏米 seed of Job's tears 易拉罐 pop can

因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude

隱形收入 invisible income;off-payroll income;side money

隱性就業(yè) unregistered employment 硬道理 absolute principle, top priority 營(yíng)業(yè)稅 turnover tax;business tax

應(yīng)試教育 examination-oriented education system

優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu) optimize structure

優(yōu)化組合 optimization grouping;optional regrouping

郵遞協(xié)議 Post Office Protocol(POP)

有法可依，有法必依，執(zhí)法必嚴(yán)，違法必究 There must be laws to go by, the laws must be

observed and strictly enforced, and market;become integrated into the global market

(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人）與民眾的直接對(duì)話 town hall conference/meeting

輿論導(dǎo)向 direction of public opinion 輿論監(jiān)督 supervision by public opinion 欲窮千里目，更上一層樓 to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further;Ascend further，were you to look farther;Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight.冤假錯(cuò)案 cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced;unjust, false or wrong cases 圓寂 Parinirvana

緣分 chemical,(as if by)predestination, be preordained to come together 元宵節(jié) Lantern Festival 遠(yuǎn)程教育 distance learning

遠(yuǎn)景計(jì)劃 long-term development targets 暈菜 numbed;dumbfounded 運(yùn)球 dribble

Z.宰（客）to swindle money out of our customers “宰人” rip off

在孵（孵化器）企業(yè) incubated enterprises(incubator)

在職博士生 on-job doctorate 再貸款 re-lending;subloan

再就業(yè)服務(wù)中心 re-employment service center

藏學(xué) Tibetology 糟粕 dross

早戀 puppy love

造假帳 falsified accounts 齋月 Ramadan

債轉(zhuǎn)股 debt-to-equity swap

沾光 benefit from one's association 站票 standing-room-only ticket 站臺(tái)票 platform ticket

戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系 strategic partnership 漲落線 advance balance line 掌上電腦 palm computer 朝陽(yáng)產(chǎn)業(yè) sunrise industry

招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制 the system of public bidding for project

招商引資 attract/bid for/invite investments(from overseas)

招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo)辦公室 enrolment and vocation guidance office 真空包裝 vacuum packing

真善美 the true, the good and the beautiful;truth, good and beauty 正式照會(huì) formal note

政策性住房 policy-related house, policy-based house

政府搭臺(tái)，部門推動(dòng)，企業(yè)唱戲 Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate

and enterprise put in the show.政府上網(wǎng)工程Government Online Project 政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變 transform/shift the government functions

政企不分 without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises;the

functions of the government and enterprises mixed up

政企分開(kāi) separate government functions from enterprise management

政務(wù)公開(kāi) make government affairs public 政治迫害 political prosecution;witch hunt

證券營(yíng)業(yè)部 stock exchange;security exchange

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property rights 知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy

直播 live broadcast, live telecast 職業(yè)經(jīng)理人 professional manager 致命要害 Achilles' heel 智囊團(tuán)、思想庫(kù) the brain trust；think tank 擲錢猜先 toss

中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)景氣監(jiān)測(cè)中心 China Economic Monitoring Center

中國(guó)新經(jīng)濟(jì)峰會(huì) China New Economy Summit

《中華人民共和國(guó)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》 Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection

of Consumers' Rights and Interests 中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone 中美戰(zhàn)略核武器互不瞄準(zhǔn)對(duì)方 non-targeting strategic nuclear weapons against each other

中華世紀(jì)壇 China Millennium Monument（美國(guó)）中下層南方共和黨人 pickup-truck Republican

中央大型企業(yè)工委：Central Work Committee for Large Enterprises

中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議 the Central Economic Working Conference

中央商務(wù)區(qū) central business district(CBD)

中專生 secondary specialized or technical school student

重點(diǎn)發(fā)展 prioritize

主體經(jīng)濟(jì) the mainstay of the economy 主體思想（DPRK）Juche Idea 主持人 anchorperson

住房分配貨幣化進(jìn)程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation 住房零首付 zero-yuan first payment(for apartments)

助跑 approach run, run-up

駐港部隊(duì)People's Liberation Army garrison in Hong Kong

抓大放小 to invigorate large enterprises

while relaxing control over small ones;focus on the

restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves 抓住機(jī)遇 seize the opportunity

專賣店 exclusive agency;franchised store(重要而難懂的）專門術(shù)語(yǔ) buzzword;jargon

專升本 upgrade from junior college network(ISDN)

綜合治理 comprehensive treatment 總裁助理 assistant president

(各州推選組成的）總統(tǒng)選舉團(tuán)electoral college

遵紀(jì)守法、廉潔奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform

one's official duties student to university student;students with the diploma of junior

college try to obtain the undergraduate diplomat through self-taught study

轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制(of State-owned enterprises)to shift to new management mechanisms 轉(zhuǎn)基因食品 GM food(genetically modified food)

追平produce the equalizer 轉(zhuǎn)體 truck rotation, turn, twist 撞線 breast the tape

追趕型和跨越式發(fā)展 pursuant and leap-forward development

準(zhǔn)博士all but dissertation(ABD)

資產(chǎn)保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets;maintenance and appreciation of assets value

資產(chǎn)階級(jí)自由化 bourgeois liberalization 資源配置 the distribution(allocation)of resources

《資治通鑒》 History as a Mirror

自動(dòng)柜員機(jī) automatic teller machine(ATM)

自律機(jī)制 the self-discipline system

自然保護(hù)區(qū)natural reserve;nature preservation zone

自我保護(hù)意識(shí) self-protection awareness 自營(yíng) self-run

自由港 free-trade port，free port 自助銀行 self-help bank

自作自受stew in one’s own juice

綜合國(guó)力 comprehensive national strength

綜合業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)字網(wǎng) integrated service digital

第三篇：中外飲食及相關(guān)英語(yǔ)詞匯英漢對(duì)照

中外飲食及相關(guān)英語(yǔ)詞匯英漢對(duì)照

(2010-01-22 19:36:23)

轉(zhuǎn)載

標(biāo)簽：

教育

中餐:

bear's paw 熊掌breast of deer 鹿脯

beche-de-mer;sea cucumber 海參sea sturgeon 海鱔salted jelly fish 海蜇皮 kelp, seaweed 海帶abalone 鮑魚(yú)shark fin 魚(yú)翅scallops 干貝 lobster 龍蝦bird“s nest 燕窩roast suckling pig 烤乳豬 pig”s knuckle 豬腳barbecue 烤肉boiled salted duck 鹽水鴨 preserved meat 臘肉barbecued pork 叉燒fried pork flakes 肉松 sausage 香腸meat diet 葷菜vegetables 素菜

meat broth 肉羹local dish 地方菜set meal 客飯

Cantonese cuisine 廣東菜curry rice 咖喱飯fried rice 炒飯 plain rice 白飯crispy rice 鍋巴gruel, soft rice, porridge 粥 noodles with gravy 打鹵面plain noodle 陽(yáng)春面casserole 砂鍋 meat bun 肉包子shao-mai 燒麥preserved bean curd 腐乳 bean curd 豆腐dried turnip 蘿卜干fermented blank bean 豆豉 pickled cucumbers 醬瓜preserved egg 皮蛋salted duck egg 咸鴨蛋 chafing dish, fire pot 火鍋

西餐及日韓料理:

French cuisine 法國(guó)菜today“s special 今日特餐chef”s special 主廚特餐 buffet 自助餐fast food 快餐specialty 招牌菜

continental cuisine 歐式西餐aperitif 飯前酒dim sum 點(diǎn)心

French fires 炸薯?xiàng)lbaked potato 烘馬鈴薯mashed potatoes 馬鈴薯泥 omelette 簡(jiǎn)蛋卷pudding 布丁pastries 甜點(diǎn)

pickled vegetables 泡菜kimchi 韓國(guó)泡菜crab meat 蟹肉 prawn 明蝦conch 海螺escargots 田螺

braised beef 燉牛肉bacon 熏肉poached egg 荷包蛋

sunny side up 煎一面荷包蛋over 煎兩面荷包蛋fried egg 煎蛋 over easy 煎半熟蛋over hard 煎全熟蛋scramble eggs 炒蛋 boiled egg 煮蛋stone fire pot 石頭火鍋sashi 日本竹筷 sake 日本米酒miso shiru 味噌湯roast meat 鐵板烤肉 sashimi 生魚(yú)片butter 奶油sushi 壽司

menu 菜單order 點(diǎn)菜tip 小費(fèi)

飲品:

beverages 飲料soya-bean milk 豆?jié){syrup of plum 酸梅湯 tomato juice 番茄汁orange juice 橘子汁coconut milk 椰子汁 asparagus juice 蘆薈汁grapefruit juice 葡萄柚汁vegetable juice 蔬菜汁 ginger ale 姜汁sarsaparilla 沙士soft drink 汽水

coco-cola(coke)可口可樂(lè)tea leaves 茶葉black tea 紅茶

jasmine tea 茉莉(香片)tea bag 茶包lemon tea 檸檬茶 white goup tea 冬瓜茶green tea 綠茶jasmine（茉莉）花茶 honey 蜂蜜chlorella 綠藻soda water 蘇打水

ice water 冰水a(chǎn)rtificial color 人工色素mineral water 礦泉水

distilled water 蒸餾水long-life milk 保久奶condensed milk 煉乳;煉奶cocoa 可可coffee mate 奶精coffee 咖啡

white coffee 牛奶咖啡black coffee 純咖啡iced coffee 冰咖啡 sundae 圣代;新地ice-cream 雪糕ice-cream cone 甜筒soft ice-cream 窗淇淋vanilla ice-cream 香草冰淇淋milk-shake 奶 ice candy 冰棒 昔straw 吸管ovaltine 阿華田

chlorella yakult 養(yǎng)樂(lè)多

酒：

beer 啤酒draft beer 生啤酒stout beer 黑啤酒

canned beer 罐裝啤酒red wine 紅葡萄酒gin 金酒 brandy 白蘭地whisky 威士忌vodka 伏特加

on the rocks 酒加冰塊rum 朗姆酒champagne 香檳

水果:

pineapple 鳳梨watermelon 西瓜papaya 木瓜

betelnut 檳榔chestnut 栗子coconut 椰子

ponkan 碰柑tangerine 橘子mandarin orange 橘

sugar-cane 甘蔗muskmelon 香瓜shaddock 文旦 juice peach 水蜜桃pear 梨子peach 桃子

carambola 楊桃cherry 櫻桃persimmon 柿子

apple 蘋果mango 芒果fig 無(wú)花果

water caltrop 菱角almond 杏仁plum 李子

honey-dew melon 哈密瓜loquat 枇杷olive 橄欖

grape 葡萄rambutan 紅毛丹durian 榴梿

strawberry 草莓grapefruit 葡萄柚lichee 荔枝

longan 龍眼wax-apple 蓮霧guava 番石榴

banana 香蕉

蔬菜:

string bean 四季豆pea 豌豆green soy bean 毛豆

soybean sprout 黃豆芽mung bean sprout 綠豆芽bean sprout 豆芽kale 甘藍(lán)菜cabbage 包心菜;大白菜broccoli 花椰菜

mater convolvulus 空心菜dried lily flower 金針菜mustard leaf 芥菜celery 芹菜tarragon 蒿菜beetroot, beet 甜菜

agar-agar 紫菜lettuce 生菜spinach 菠菜

caraway 香菜hair-like seaweed發(fā)菜chives 韭黃

leek 韭菜preserved szechuan pickle 榨菜 salted vegetable 雪里紅 lettuce 萵苣asparagus 蘆薈bamboo shoot 竹筍

dried bamboo shoot 筍干ternip 白蘿卜carrot 胡蘿卜

water chestnut 荸薺ficus tikaua 地瓜loofah 絲瓜 long crooked squash 菜瓜pumpkin 南瓜bitter gourd 苦瓜 cucumber 黃瓜white gourd 冬瓜gherkin 小黃瓜 yam 山芋taro 芋頭beancurd sheets 百葉

champignon 香菇button mushroom 草菇needle mushroom 金針菇 agaricus 蘑菇dried mushroom 冬菇tomato 番茄 eggplant 茄子potato, spud 馬鈴薯lotus root 蓮藕 agaric 木耳white fungus 白木耳ginger 生姜 garlic 大蒜garlic bulb 蒜頭green onion 蔥

onion 洋蔥scallion, leek 青蔥wheat gluten 面筋

調(diào)味品：

seasoning 調(diào)味品miso 味噌essence of chicken 雞精caviar 魚(yú)子醬tomato ketchup, tomato sauce 番茄醬 barbeque sauce 沙茶醬mustard 芥茉salt 鹽 sugar 糖monosodium glutamate, gourmet powder 味精 vinegar 醋sweet 甜sour 酸

bitter 苦l(xiāng)ard 豬油peanut oil 花生油

soy sauce 醬油green pepper 青椒paprika 紅椒 star anise 八角cinnamon 肉掛curry 咖喱

maltose 麥芽糖

糖與蜜餞:

jerky 牛肉干dried beef slices 牛肉片dried pork slices 豬肉片 confection 糖果glace fruit 蜜餞marmalade 果醬

dried persimmon 柿餅candied melon 冬瓜糖red jujube 紅棗 black date 黑棗glace date 蜜棗dried longan 桂圓干 raisin 葡萄干chewing gum 口香糖nougat 牛乳糖 mint 薄荷糖drop 水果糖marshmallow 棉花糖

caramel 牛奶糖peanut brittle 花生糖castor sugar 細(xì)砂白糖 granulated sugar 砂糖sugar candy 冰糖butter biscuit 奶酥 rice cake 年糕

三餐:

breakfast 早餐lunch 午餐brunch 早午餐

supper 晚餐late snack 宵夜dinner 正餐

ham and egg 火腿腸buttered toast 奶油土司French toast 法國(guó)土司 muffin 松餅cheese cake 酪餅white bread 白面包

brown bread 黑面包French roll 小型法式面包appetizer 開(kāi)胃菜 green salad 蔬菜沙拉onion soup 洋蔥湯potage 法國(guó)濃湯 corn soup 玉米濃湯minestrone 蔬菜面條湯ox tail soup 牛尾湯 fried chicken 炸雞roast chicken 烤雞steak 牛排

T-bone steak 丁骨牛排filet steak 菲力牛排sirloin steak 沙朗牛排 club steak 小牛排well done 全熟medium 五分熟

rare 三分熟

其它:

meat 肉beef 牛肉pork 豬肉

chicken 雞肉mutton 羊肉bread 面包

steamed bread 饅頭rice noodles 米粉fried rice noodles 河粉 steamed vermicelli roll 腸粉macaroni 通心粉bean thread 冬粉 flour-rice noodle 面粉noodles 面條instinct noodles 速食面 crust 面包皮sandwich 三明治toast 土司

hamburger 漢堡cake 蛋糕spring roll 春卷 pancake 煎餅fried dumpling 煎貼rice glue ball 元宵

bean curd with odor 臭豆腐glue pudding 湯圓millet congee 小米粥 cereal 麥片粥steamed dumpling 蒸餃ravioli 餛飩 mooncake 月餅green bean cake 綠豆糕popcorn 爆米花 chocolate 巧克力marrons glaces 糖炒栗子

餐具:

coffee pot 咖啡壺coffee cup 咖啡杯paper towel 紙巾 napkin 餐巾table cloth 桌布tea–pot 茶壺 tea set 茶具tea tray 茶盤caddy 茶罐

dish 碟plate 盤saucer 小碟子

rice bowl 飯碗chopsticks 筷子soup spoon 湯匙 knife 餐刀cup 杯子glass 玻璃杯

mug 馬克杯picnic lunch 便當(dāng)fruit plate 水果盤 toothpick 牙簽

第四篇：英漢對(duì)照

autozero

自穩(wěn)零 ： 自動(dòng)歸零模式

application [,?pli'kei??n]

n.應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用程序；敷用

time drive

時(shí)間驅(qū)動(dòng)

scan [sk?n]

n.掃描；瀏覽；審視；細(xì)看

conc

n.濃度；adj.濃縮的（等于concentrated）

inst

安裝；設(shè)置；

autosave ['?:t?useiv]

v.自動(dòng)保存

Sample info

樣品信息 ；采樣信息

identity [ai'dent?ti]

n.身份；特性；代號(hào)

ordinate ['?:din?t,-neit]

n.縱座標(biāo)；[數(shù)]縱線

baseline correction

基線校正

curve [k?:v]

n.曲線；曲線圖表；曲線擬合；曲線類型

intercept [,int?'sept]

vt.攔截；截?cái)?；竊聽(tīng)n.攔截；[數(shù)]截距；

number of revolution

[機(jī)] 旋轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)；轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)；重復(fù)測(cè)定次數(shù)

response [ri'sp?ns]

n.響應(yīng)；反應(yīng)；回答

use exipedition calibration

利用已存的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線

enter calibration edit

修改、校準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線

recalibration[ri'k?li'bre??n]

n.[儀] 再校準(zhǔn)；重新校準(zhǔn)已存標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線

output ['autput, ,aut'put]

n.輸出，輸出量；產(chǎn)量；出產(chǎn)

number of samples to average

樣本數(shù)取平均數(shù)

replace [ri'pleis]

vt.取代，代替；替換，更換；

delete [di'li:t]

vt.刪除

第五篇：IE專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯英漢對(duì)照

as we are now in a global economy with ever-increasing competition,the need for world-class performance cannot be ignored.this need implies,among other things,the continued emergence of world-classquslity,information

systems,ergonomics,and manufacturing systems.it also means that more firms are likely to invest in such ares to reach their strategic objectives.of course,this brings us to a very specific topic,project justification.我們現(xiàn)在在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中日益增加的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，需要世界級(jí)的性能不能被忽略.這需要意味著，除其他外，繼續(xù)出現(xiàn)世界一流的質(zhì)量，信息系統(tǒng)，人機(jī)工程學(xué)，制造系統(tǒng).它也意味著更多的企業(yè)可能會(huì)投資于戰(zhàn)神達(dá)成戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo).當(dāng)然，這給我們帶來(lái)一個(gè)特定的主題，項(xiàng)目的理由。

it may seem trivial to state that an industrial project must be evaluated in order to justify it.however,the kinds of projectsthat are needed today to survive in our competitive environment are quite different from their counterparts 20 or 30 years ago.they differ in terms of their technological content and in terms of their strategic implications for the firm.whereas yesterday we were dealing with single machine replacement problems, we are now confronted with overall systems, programs, and processes.一個(gè)工業(yè)項(xiàng)目，必須進(jìn)行評(píng)估，以證明它，它可能看起來(lái)微不足道的狀態(tài)。然而，projectsthat的各種需要，今天在我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境中生存是相當(dāng)不同的同行20年或30年前。他們不同，其技術(shù)含量方面，他們?yōu)楣镜膽?zhàn)略意義。而昨天，我們單臺(tái)機(jī)器更換問(wèn)題打交道，我們現(xiàn)在面臨著整體的系統(tǒng)，程序和流程。

the consequence of such complexity is that the traditional investment justification process fails to measure the proper value of projects such as computer-integrated manufacturing systems, information systems, and even ergonomics projects.it is well known thatsuch a failure may result in wrong decisions.poor investment justification processes may lead to poor decision making with respect to today's projects: good projects might be rejected,and bad ones might be accepted.this seems to be the fate of several new technologies(including industrial ergonomics)that are not implemented because their prospective return is not satisfactory.among the causes of such poor rating is the inability to properly estimate the benefits and costs of today's proposal.如此復(fù)雜的后果是，傳統(tǒng)的投資理由進(jìn)程失敗來(lái)衡量，如計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)，信息系統(tǒng)，甚至人體工程學(xué)項(xiàng)目的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)有的價(jià)值。這是眾所周知的，這樣的故障可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的決策。窮人的投資理由進(jìn)程可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致窮人的決策：今天的項(xiàng)目好的項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)被拒絕的決定，并接受壞的可能。這似乎是不落實(shí)的幾項(xiàng)新技術(shù)（包括工業(yè)工效）的命運(yùn)，因?yàn)樗麄兊念A(yù)期收益不理想。在這種惡劣的評(píng)級(jí)的原因是無(wú)法正確估計(jì)今天的建議的好處和成本。

as a result, management must resort to the “l(fā)eap of faith” approach to justify new systems that are intuitively sound from a strategic point of view but that are not convincing economically.from such considerations it may seem that firms don't have any other choices other than to spent their capital, whatever the cost, and go ahead with implementing the resulting changs that come with these projects.such a strategy would be dangerous.因此，管理層必須訴諸“信仰的飛躍”的方式來(lái)證明新系統(tǒng)，直觀的聲音從戰(zhàn)略的角度來(lái)看，是沒(méi)有說(shuō)服力的經(jīng)濟(jì)。從這樣的考慮，它可能看起來(lái)公司做沒(méi)有任何其他選擇來(lái)度過(guò)他們的資本以外，不惜一切代價(jià)，造成張家來(lái)，隨著這些項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施提前。這樣的戰(zhàn)略將是危險(xiǎn)的的。

if it is true that firms that do not invest in strategic projects due to poor investment analyses may be in a serious predicament in the future, it also would be risky for them to systematically go ahead with such projects when their rate of return is not acceptable.it may also be true that under certain conditions strategic projects may not be the right thing to do.after all, investments such as information technology or computer-integrated manufacturing systems are only as good as their contributions to the overall strategy of the firm.如果這是真的，不投資，由于投資分析差的戰(zhàn)略性項(xiàng)目的公司可能會(huì)在今后一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的困境，也將他們系統(tǒng)等項(xiàng)目提前當(dāng)他們的回報(bào)率是不能接受的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。它也可能是真實(shí)的，在一定條件下的戰(zhàn)略的項(xiàng)目未必是正確的事情。畢竟，如信息技術(shù)或計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)的投資只作為公司的整體戰(zhàn)略的貢獻(xiàn)。

engineeringeconomics

工程經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

the role of engineeringeconomics is to correctly assess the appropriateness of a given project, estimate its value, and justify it from an economic standpoint.if projects are not acceptable, then the evaluation process that has been used to reach this conclusion should also explain their poor returns.that same process should also indicate ways to improve the investment proposal to make it more attractive to management.工程經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的作用，正確評(píng)估某一項(xiàng)目是否恰當(dāng)，估計(jì)其價(jià)值，并證明它從經(jīng)濟(jì)的角度來(lái)看。如果項(xiàng)目是不能接受的，那么，評(píng)估過(guò)程中已得出這一結(jié)論也應(yīng)該解釋他們的低回報(bào)。相同的過(guò)程也應(yīng)說(shuō)明改善投資建議，使其更具吸引力，管理的方式。

engineeringeconomy has been part of engineers' training(and of IE curricula, of course)for a long time.historically, it was used for projects that had only operational implications for the firm.however, as noted above, today's projects may have strategic implication as well.as a consequence, engineeringeconomy is likely to be important for both engineers and management.工程經(jīng)濟(jì)已工程師培訓(xùn)的一部分（IE的課程，當(dāng)然），很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。從歷史上看，它是用于項(xiàng)目，只為公司的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)的影響。然而，如上所述，以及今天的項(xiàng)目可能具有戰(zhàn)略意義。因此，工程經(jīng)濟(jì)可能是工程師和管理的重要。

however, engineeringeconomy can not do it alone.it must be part of a precess that includes not only engineers but management accountants;marking, quality, and health and safety specialists;and others within the firm.such a process should foster interdisciplinary thinking, not unlike parallel or concurrent engineering used in product design.然而，工程經(jīng)濟(jì)不能做到這一點(diǎn)的孤獨(dú)。它必須是一個(gè)進(jìn)動(dòng)的一部分，它不僅包括工程師，但管理會(huì)計(jì)師;標(biāo)識(shí)，質(zhì)量，以及健康和安全專家，和其他人在公司內(nèi)。這樣一個(gè)過(guò)程，促進(jìn)跨學(xué)科的思維，而不是不像在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)上采用并行或并行工程。

at this point it is certainly worthwhile to emphasize the role ofIEs in this process.as

industrial engineers are trained in both technology and engineering economy, they are able to bridge the gap between mechanical,electrical, and computer engineering and ergonomics, on the one hand, and management accounting on the other.highly qualified engineers designing equipment for flexible manufacturing systems(FMS)or information systems, while awere of the technology with which they are dealing, are not necessarily trained to translate technological characteristics into economic and strategic terms.在這一點(diǎn)上，它肯定是值得強(qiáng)調(diào)的IE的在這個(gè)過(guò)程中的作用。作為工業(yè)的工程師們?cè)诩夹g(shù)和工程經(jīng)濟(jì)訓(xùn)練，他們能夠彌補(bǔ)的機(jī)械，電氣，和計(jì)算機(jī)工程和人體工程學(xué)之間的差距，一方面，和其他管理會(huì)計(jì)。高素質(zhì)的工程師設(shè)計(jì)的柔性制造系統(tǒng)（FMS）或信息系統(tǒng)的設(shè)備，而他們正在處理的技術(shù)與阿韋雷，不一定是培訓(xùn)轉(zhuǎn)化成經(jīng)濟(jì)和戰(zhàn)略方面的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)。

at the other end of the spectrum, management accountants may be well aware of the business needs, strategic aims, and their organization's financial position, but cannot understand the capabilities of new technologies.not surprisingly, communication barriers occer.industrial engineering's main contribution to the economy comes into the picture.the background of IEs in engineering economy provides them with cost models that link technology with the economics of accounting(figure 1).在光譜的另一端，管理會(huì)計(jì)師可能深知企業(yè)的需求，戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)，和他們組織的財(cái)務(wù)狀況，但無(wú)法理解新技術(shù)的能力。這并不奇怪，溝通障礙occer。工程的主要工業(yè)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)涉及到的圖片。工程經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的IE的提供他們與成本模型（圖1）會(huì)計(jì)核算的經(jīng)濟(jì)鏈接技術(shù)。

As the industrial environment has changed drastically, engineering economy has evolved accordingly.Indeed, its aim is not only to compute net present values(NPVs)or internal rates of return(IRRs), but also to design cost models and evaluation processes that can be used within decision support systems for a variety of technological projects.隨著工業(yè)的環(huán)境已經(jīng)大大改變，工程經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。事實(shí)上，其目的是不僅要計(jì)算凈現(xiàn)值（凈現(xiàn)值）或內(nèi)部收益率（內(nèi)部收益率），而且還設(shè)計(jì)可以用于決策支持系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的各種科技項(xiàng)目的成本模型和評(píng)估過(guò)程。

Armed with economic models tailored to specific technologies, industrial engineers are able to measure, for instance, the cost of flexibility and, in turn, help integrate this figure in accounting cost systems and financial justification models.By including engineering economy in the justification process, firms are therefore better equipped for solving complex justification problems that involve technical and financial specialists working together in an interdisciplinary group.有了針對(duì)特定技術(shù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，工業(yè)工程師能夠測(cè)量，例如，成本和靈活性，反過(guò)來(lái)，幫助整合這種成本會(huì)計(jì)制度和財(cái)務(wù)理由模型圖。包括工程經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整過(guò)程中，因此企業(yè)更好地解決復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題，涉及的理由的金融和技術(shù)專家一起工作，在一個(gè)多學(xué)科小組。

Such a successful group is likely to shed light on such questions as: What is the rate of return of ergonomics? What is the payback of a six-sigma program? What are the benefits of this new information technology? What is the value of flexibility associated with this FMS? It is unreasonable to think that one person would be able to answer such difficult questions satisfactorily.The need for a project evaluation group thus seems more appropriate in the face of the competitive environment within which firms must compete, on the one hand, and the complexity of the projects involved, on the other.這樣一個(gè)成功的團(tuán)隊(duì)很可能作為闡明這些問(wèn)題：什么是人體工程學(xué)的回報(bào)率？一個(gè)六西格瑪項(xiàng)目的回報(bào)是什么呢？這種新的信息技術(shù)有什么好處？什么是FMS與此相關(guān)聯(lián)的靈活性的價(jià)值？這是不合理的，認(rèn)為一個(gè)人會(huì)能夠圓滿回答這些困難的問(wèn)題。項(xiàng)目評(píng)估組的需要，從而在面對(duì)內(nèi)，企業(yè)必須競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，一方面，涉及的項(xiàng)目，另一方面，復(fù)雜的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境似乎更為合適。

Such a concept is certainly compatible with open accounting, which is implemented by firms and aimed at sharing financial information inside the organization.There is another practical advantage of starting a group that has diversity: the persons involved agree to have a unified vision of costs and benefits related to a new technology(if they want to work effectively).Lack of agreement on the nature of costs and benefits may lead to controversies over the project and failure of the justification effort.這種觀念當(dāng)然是兼容開(kāi)放會(huì)計(jì)，這是由企業(yè)和實(shí)施旨在分享組織內(nèi)部的財(cái)務(wù)信息。還有另一種開(kāi)始一組具有多樣性的實(shí)際優(yōu)勢(shì)：有關(guān)人士同意有一個(gè)涉及到一個(gè)新的技術(shù)（如果他們想有效地開(kāi)展工作）的成本和利益的一致看法。缺乏對(duì)成本和收益的性質(zhì)的協(xié)議，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)項(xiàng)目和失敗的理由努力的爭(zhēng)議。

A project evaluation group, like any group or task force in the firm, should follow a process.In a way, economic justification itself is a process.This may not be obvious, but to evaluate a project, especially one of those proposed today, a great deal of analysis must be done.The justification process can be defined in terms of steps as illustrated in Figure 2.項(xiàng)目評(píng)估組，如任何團(tuán)體或公司專案組，應(yīng)遵循一個(gè)過(guò)程。在某種程度上，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的理由本

身是一個(gè)過(guò)程。這可能不是很明顯，但評(píng)估一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，尤其是那些今天提出的，必須做大量的分析?？梢远x的理由，在步驟上，如圖2所示。

Figure 2（圖2）

Steps in the evaluation process

An important advantage of such a process is that the overall evaluation problem is divided into smaller subproblems that can be tackled more easily.Moreover, this process is able to give a sense of direction to engineering economy analysts and to nonspecialists who are confronted with justifying their proposals and have nowhere to start.Such a process is needed for the kinds of projects that are found in today's proposals(e.g.new manufacturing technologies, new computer/information systems, total quality programs, and ergonomics projects).理想的情況下，圖2中的所有步驟應(yīng)執(zhí)行;但是，根據(jù)具體情況，其中一些步驟可能需要更多或更少的努力。但隱或任何理由的程序明確的是，成本和收益的性質(zhì)確定的事實(shí)。然后，他們的行為是在這種或那種方式（工程經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，成本估計(jì)，和傳統(tǒng)的管理會(huì)計(jì)師都使用一些成本模型）為藍(lán)本。之后，被分配到特定的成本對(duì)象，如生產(chǎn)/組裝線，部門，工作站或產(chǎn)品成本。然后，由項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的未來(lái)收益的估計(jì)。該項(xiàng)目的評(píng)估是在短期和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度而言，隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析（應(yīng)該做的，如果可能的話）。

lly, all of the steps in Figure 2 should be performed;however, depending on the specific situation, some of these steps may require more or less effort.But implicit or explicit in any justification procedure is the fact that the nature of costs and benefits be identified.Then their behavior is modeled in one way or another(engineering economists, cost estimators, and traditional and management accountants all use some cost models).Afterward, costs are allocated to specific cost objects such as a production/assembly line, department, workstation, or product.Then, an estimate of future benefits resulting from the project is performed.The evaluation of the project is done in terms of both short-and long-term standpoints along with a risk analysis(which should be done, if possible).在評(píng)估過(guò)程中的步驟

這樣一個(gè)過(guò)程的一個(gè)重要的優(yōu)勢(shì)是整體評(píng)價(jià)的問(wèn)題是劃分成更小的子可以更容易地處理。此外，這個(gè)過(guò)程是能夠提供一種方向感，工程經(jīng)濟(jì)分析和證明他們的建議，面對(duì)非專業(yè)和無(wú)處開(kāi)始。這樣一個(gè)過(guò)程是，在今天的建議（如新的制造技術(shù)，新的計(jì)算機(jī)/信息系統(tǒng)，全面質(zhì)量計(jì)劃，和人體工程學(xué)項(xiàng)目）的項(xiàng)目的各種需要。