第一篇:2014年河南專升本公共英語真題及解析
2014年河南專升本公共英語真題及解析
1._____difficulties they may come across, they’ll help one another to overcome them.A.Whatever B.Whenever C.However D.Wherever
2.Education cannot be _____in any country.A.rejected B.deleted C.neglected D.refused
3.Although it’s tough finding a job these days, Henry got a _____in a famous company.A.place B.position C.post D.patch
4.The doctor said that mental _____is the major cause of his sleeping problem.A.tension B.sadness C.anger D.relaxation
5.______comes back first is supposed to win the prize.A.One who B.Whoever C.Anyone D.Those who
6.The last time I saw her was ______my brother’s wedding ceremony three years ago.A.to B.at C.in D.during
7.I have two children but ______of them likes fruits.A.none B.either C.neither D.both
8.He might have been killed ______the arrival of the police.A.except for B.with C.for D.but for
9.Some areas, ______their severe weather conditions, are sparsely populated.A.due to B.but for C.in spite of D.with regard to
10.Many teenagers feel no difficulty ______ computer.A.to learn B.learn C.in learning D.learned
11.No agreement was ______in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other.A.arrived B.obtained C.reached D.gained
12.A loud noise _______my attention from cooking and everything was burnt.A.divided B.diverted C.focused D.separated
13.Henry planned to visit _______country besides England.A.some other B.every other C.several other D.other
14.Before using your new pressure cooker, read the following _______ carefully.A.notices B.orders C.advertisement D.instructions
15.It is very expensive to ______the fashion.A.go along with B.get on with
C.keep up with D.carry on with
16.If I have a good sleep I’ll be _______to work out the problem.A.possible B.able C.capable D.reasonable
17.If you get into difficulties, don’t hesitate to ______help.A.ask about B.ask after C.ask for D.ask in
18.All of them are _______at Lana’s achievement.A.amazed B.interested C.fond D.proud
19.The football match was _______on account of rain.A.called up B.called on C.called off D.called for
20.Students should develop a good attitude ______tests.A.for B.with C.on D.towards
21.I’m ______in this argument: I don’t care who wins.A.natural B.central C.neutral D.middle
22.She passed me in the street, but took no ______of me.A.attention B.watch C.sight D.notice
23.Only in this way _______get rid of your headache.A.can you B.you can C.you will D.do you
24.Tolerance ______respecting the opinions of others.A.consists in B.consists of C.insists on D.depends on
25.The weather was good except for an ______shower.A.optional B.intentional C.additional D.occasional
26.He had his book _______at his own expense.A.print B.printed C.to print D.printing
27.Patients’ bills of rights require that they _______informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment.A.are B.might be C.should be D.were
28.He studies so hard to avoid _______at the bottom of the class.A.finishing B.to finish C.finished D.finish
29.I thought you might be tired, ______is why I decided to help you.A.that B.this C.which D.as
30.No one should blind himself _______the well-known fact.A.with B.to C.for D.over
31.The color of the skirt does not ______that of the coat.A.balance B.match C.corresponding D.accord
32.The boy is eager to ______knowledge in different fields.A.accomplish B.absorb C.arrange D.approach
33.In my bedroom, there is a pair of scissors, a stack of books and ______flowers on my desk.A.a piece of B.a pocket of C.a slice of D.a bunch of
34.Ryan was late for the conference yesterday ______the traffic jam.A.because B.since C.for D.because of
35.As far as the professor _______, college students should get into the habit of studying by themselves.A.concern B.concerns C.concerned D.is concerned
36.We have to get that car fixed _______.A.no matter it costs how much B.no matter how much costs it
C.no matter how much it costs D.no matter how much does it cost
37.When I was a child, I used ______to the river and bathe in the evening.A.to going B.to go C.go D.going
38.Nobody could ______a satisfactory explanation of the accident.A.come up with B.come through C.come upon D.come into
39._______my delight, our school football team won the game easily.A.In B.Of C.To D.For
40._______driving to work, Mr.Lead usually goes to his office downtown by train.A.Without B.Instead of C.In case o f D.In spite of
選擇題參考答案:
1-5 ACBAB 6-10 BCDAC 11-15 CBBDC 16-20 BCACD
21-25 CDAAD 26-30 BCACB 31-35 BBDDD 36-40CBACB
Many visitors to the United Kingdom go straight to London and never set foot outside the capital---which is a pity, for those that do are often surprised at the sheer variety of landscapes___41___within such a small geographical area.__42__you want to see stunning, unspoilt scenery you should __43__spend a few days in one of Britain’s largest areas of protected countryside, a national park.__44__in the second half of the 20th century after popular pressure for access __45__the country’s wilder places, these are now 15 of them throughout the British Isles.The biggest is the Cairngorms in northern Scotland, named __46__ some of the country’s highest mountains and the best place for skiing.Pony-trekking, climbing and fishing are also__47__.along with Scotland’s national game, golf.__48__enthusiasts are well rewarded---this is the home of the red deer, red squirrel and golden eagle.If you don’t like the __49__to the highest point, some 2000 metres__50__sea level, you can take the railway __51__ gets you to the summit in less than ten minutes.__52__the west of the park is another popular natural ___53__,Loch Ness.The lake is over 200 metres __54__ in places, and salmon, trout and eels are in abundance here.Over the border in England is the Lake District,__55__made famous by Romantic poets such as William Wordsworth two hundreds years ago.People have been __56__here en mass since 1847 __57__a railway was built to its biggest lake, Windermere.__58__in the past boats plied its waters__59__stone, timber and wood, today’s craft are more likely to carry __60__on pleasure cruises---over a million a year, in fact.41.A.to findB.to be foundC.findingD.to have found
42.A.WhileB.AsC.IfD.Since
43.A.certainlyB.formallyC.normallyD.gradually
44.A.To createB.CreatingC.CreateD.Created
45.A.forB.toC.byD.in
46.A.forB.byC.withD.after
47.A.pleasantB.favoriteC.popularD.favorable
48.A.Creature B.WildlifeC.PlantD.Botany
49.A.way B.roadC.walkD.step
50.A.belowB.upC.aboveD.under
51.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.where
52.A.AtB.OnC.ToD.In
53.A.interestB.attractionC.pleasureD.place
54.A.depthB.deeplyC.deepD.deepness
55.A.recentlyB.latelyC.eventuallyD.originally
56.A.travelledB.travellingC.travelD.to travel
57.A.whenB.becauseC.whileD.as
58.A.AsB.BecauseC.SinceD.While
59.A.movingB.runningC.transportingD.sending
60.A.goodsB.materialsC.touristsD.products
參考答案:
41-45BCCDB 46-50 DCBAC 51-55 ADBCD 56-60 BADCC Passage One
I strongly believe that understanding is more important than love, especially when it comes to parenting and intimate relationships.As a psychologist for more than twenty years I can tell you that I have never had an adult looking back at her childhood and complaining that her parents were too understanding.And similarly, I have met many divorced people who still love each other but yet they never really understood each other.The painful reality is love is just not enough.I’ll admit that there are people who I love and who I still need to better understand.I hope I’ll continue my work to understand them.The Last willingness to understand is very important.It is not always easy, but healthy love is strengthened by the willingness to understand.Love without understanding will wilt like flowers without water.Our egos are what seem to get in the way of understanding those who we love and care about.Often it is our need to be right that makes what others think and feel so wrong for us.I have certainly been quite guilty of this in some of my relationships.As I have written repeatedly in my books, empathy, is truly the emotional glue that holds all close relationships together.Empathy allows us to slow down and try to walk in the shoes of those we love.The deeper our empathy, the deeper---and healthier---our love.Not all relationships are meant to be.Yet all relationships that are meant to flourish in a healthy way, must stress understanding just as much, if not more, than love.61.From the passage we know that _____.A.the author complains about her parents’ being too understanding
B.the author has been studying marriages for more than 20 years
C.People divorced mainly because they didn’t love each other
D.Some people divorced because they couldn’t understand each other
62.Why are we unable to understand the others sometimes?
A.Because we are caring the others too much
B.Because it is quite difficult to understand the others
C.Because we believe we are always right
D.Because the others have done something wrong
63.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Understanding is more important to parenting relationship than to other intimate relationships
B.Understanding is less important than love as far as marriage is concerned
C.Understanding is more important than love to some degree
D.Understanding is more often neglected in parenting relationship
64.If we are to understand our partners, we should firstly ____?
A.Have willing to do so B.Have love for them
C.Get into connection with them D.Care about them
65.In this passage, the expression “walk in the shoes of” is similar in meaning to_____.A.befriend B.understand C.love D.care about
Passage Two
Finally, the Christmas season is over.We can take a long breath, put up our feet, sip from a cup of good tea and relax.The frenzy, starting from Black Friday right after Thanksgiving until Christmas Eve, of gift shopping, buying, wrapping, giving, receiving, opening, returning...is exhaustive and time-consuming, but it takes place every year.There is considerable difference between the cultures in China and western countries when it comes to gift giving, In China, it is not polite to open a gift in front of the gift giver, and gift is only looked at after the guest has left.Here in America, gift givers always wrap their gifts, large or small, priceless or valueless, carefully and decorate them with colorful ribbons and little pretty paper flowers;and the lucky receiver is expected to open the gift right away in front of the giver, with great eagerness and curiosity, and should always express appreciation with the all time truthful comment, “always wanted” gifts back to the store to exchange for something they really wanted.Finding a gift for somebody, even a close family member, you’ll have to know what the person likes and shop for days before you can locate the perfect gift.But, still the person may not like the gift from you.Nowadays, stores would provide two copies of the receipts for anything they sell as a gift, one of which is included in the gift packaged so that the receiver can come back for an exchange.I know, it was unthinkable to cash out gift you get, but, times are different.Another good way to avoid all that shopping hassle is to purchase a gift card from one of the stores and send it to your niece, nephews, or a family member, so that they can get whatever they want or even keep the money.66.Finding a gift for somebody is a(n)_____.A.easy job B.tough task C.must-be job D.arranged task
67.It is quite ____for Chinese people to open the gift in front of the givers.A.usual B.normal C.abnormal D.unusual
68.Gift giving is the same thing in China and America in that____
A.people spend a lot of time preparing a gift
B.people would cash out the gift immediately
C.people are eager to open to get a gift from a friend
D.people are less willing to give gifts
69.Which of the following is the author’s suggestion?
A.Open the gift immediately in front of the giver
B.Wrap the gift carefully
C.Express the appreciation for the gift you receive
D.Buying a present card to avoid the trouble in shopping
70.The author’s attitude towards gift giving is_____.A.Indifferent B.protesting C.objective D.supportive
參考答案:
61-65DCCAB 66-70 BDADC Passage Three
They already guide blind and disabled people;now dogs are to be trained to help people with dementia(癡呆).The duties of these “guide dogs for the mind” will include reminding their owners to take medication, as well as encouraging them to eat, drink and sleep at regular intervals.The dementia dogs will be trained to respond to sound triggers in the home that prompt them to perform tasks.These could include delivering a bite-proof bag of medicine with a note inside reminding the patient to take it, or walking them up in the morning.The idea was developed by design students at the Glasgow School of Art and will now be put into practice by Alzheimer’s Scotland and Dogs for the disabled.Joyce Gray of Alzheimer’s Scotland said: “people in the early stages of dementia are still able to live a relative normal life, and dogs help to maintain routine.”
The other advantage of using the pets as companions is that conversation can be increasingly confusing for people with Alzheimer’s ,but dogs can give them a sense of silent support and companionship.People light up when they see animals.They don’t need to communicate verbally but they can still interact.You can have a speechless bond.The dog would also encourage the owner to take them out for walks, ensuring they keep exercising and interacting with other people.71.As is mentioned in the passage, the guide dogs will do the following except for _______.A.helping ensure the owner doing some exercises
B.reminding the owner to take medicine
C.Communicating with the owner in a non-verbal way
D.Helping the owner recover from the illness
72.Who will train the dogs to perform such tasks?
A.The students who developed the idea.B.The owners of the dogs.C.The experts in Alzheimer’s Scotland.D.It is not mentioned in the passage.73.What is true about the people suffering from dementia?
A.They would like to say with other people.B.They can maintain routine.C.They will gradually lose the ability to live a normal life.D.They would like to talk in a different way.74.The guide dogs helping the people with dementia will _______.A.respond to the owners order
B.respond to a sound device
C.act on the owners instructions
D.act on the trainers order
75.Having a conversation with people with dementia will be _______.A.difficult B.interesting C.confusing D.encouraging
Passage Four
It seems obvious that you don’t give away your product for free but this is exactly what indie rock group the Crimea did earlier this year.The Crimea did earlier this year.The band’s reasoning goes like this: more people will download the free album than would pay for it.Therefore more people will hear The Crimea’s music.These people will then pay money for concerts by the band and perhaps buy a T-shirt or other merchandise.If the band play regular concerts to crowds of 200 or 300 people the can make more money than they would from sales of a CD.There will always be some [people who want something they can hold in their hands so they will release the CD into the shops too--but making money through sales of their music isn’t the top priority.The story illustrates the creative thinking going on in the music business in response to dramatic changes over the last few years in the way that people buy music.Sales of music digitally--to computer, phones and MP3 players rose to $2 billion in 2006--an increase of almost 100 percent on the previous year--yet overall record company sales are down.People are simply not buy CDs in record shops in anything like the numbers they used to.This trend looks set to continue so the big question for the music industry is whether they can successfully manage the move to being primarily a digital industry without profits falling to unacceptable levels.There are both positive and negative signs.On the plus side, more and more people are buying music on mobile phones, which allows people to make impulse purchases--they can buy a song as soon as they hear it.Research by the UK Mobile operator 3 suggested that 75 percent of 16 to 24-year-olds wanted to buy a track they liked as soon as they heard it.With so much competition for people’s disposable income, a product that you can sell immediately is a big advantage.The bad news for record companies, however, is the mount of music that is downloaded illegally.Piracy---usually in the form of cheaply copied CD---has long been an issue for the music business but the internet means music can be copied and distributed freely through file-sharing sites on a large scale than ever before.It is this situation that leads bands to start giving away their music for free and promises to make the next few years a very interesting time in the music business.76.What is unusual about the Crimea’s business plan?
A.Their business was given away free on the Internet.B.They give CDs away free in shops.C.They played free concerts.D.They charged more for their CDs.77.The Crimea hope to make money _______.A.through CD sales
B.by giving concerts and selling T-shirts and other merchandise
C.by selling merchandise on the internet
D.though sales of merchandise in shops
78.The Crimea also released CDs for sale in shops because _______.A.People who attend their concerts need them
B.they want to make extra money
C.there are still people who prefer CDs to other formats
D.People who fail to attend their concerts need them
79.What is true about sales of music over the last year?
A.overall, sales are up on last year.B..overall, sales are down on last year.C.there is no change compared to previous sales.D.It is not mentioned in the passage.80.What effect has the internet had on music piracy?
A.It has made it easier to fight piracy.B.It has increased the number of pirate CDs available.C.It has made it easier to illegally copy music.D.It has reduced the number of pirate CDs available.參考答案:
71-75 DCCBC 76-80 ABCBC 81.她喜歡看書時聽音樂。
82.我們認(rèn)為節(jié)約用水非常重要。
83.我想知道他把表送給誰了。
84.所有的公共場所都應(yīng)完全禁止吸煙。
85.事實勝于雄辯。
86.It is quite typical of him to be late.87.It’s no good learning English without practice.88.Man was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions.89.An idle youth, a needy age.90.The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of ten ordinary patients.參考答案:
四、翻譯:81.She enjoys listening to music while reading.82.We believe it is very important to save water.83.I wonder whom he gave the watch to.84.Smoking should be completely banned in all public places.85.Actions speak louder than words.86.遲到是他的典型風(fēng)格。
87.學(xué)英語不實踐是沒用的。
88.人類無論過去、現(xiàn)在、還是將來都會一直努力改善生活條件。
89.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
90.醫(yī)生從我身上得到的實踐,要比從10個普通病人身上得到的實踐還多。
五、改錯:91.B-that 92.C-excited
93.A-Having 94.D-be put on
95.D-distracted 96.D-acceptance
97.C-who 98.B-deadly
99.A-wounded 100.C-do
六、作文: It is time to stop doodling
From the picture, we can discover that a man is still carving “I have already travelled here” with a knife on the door of his own house after his return from a trip.Therefore, we can safely come to a conclusion that people tend to be doing some damage to the environment while traveling.Why does this phenomenon take place? Several factors could account for it.To begin with, it is clear that people aren’t aware of the importance of protecting the environment when they travel.What’s more, most people are in the bad habit of leaving something in their scenic spot, of which their doodle is given the priority.Last but not least, the regulations and rules are not strict and specific enough in the travel destination.In view of the seriousness of this issue, it is crucial that relevant laws and regulations be worked out to solve the problem.Meanwhile, people should be educated to pay special attention to environment protection while travelling.With joint efforts, I believe the bad phenomenon will be a thing of the past.
第二篇:2006年河南大學(xué)語文專升本真題及答案
2006年普通高等學(xué)校
選拔優(yōu)秀??粕M(jìn)入本科階段考試試題大學(xué)語文
一、單項選擇題(每小題1分。共15分)在每小題的四個備選答案中選出一個正確答案。并將其代碼寫在題干后面的括號內(nèi)。不選、錯選或多選者,該題無分。
1.《大同》中大同社會的最主要的特征是
()
A.選賢與能
B.天下為公
C.講信修睦
D.鰥寡、孤獨、廢痰者皆有所養(yǎng)
2.“多行不義必自斃”一語出自
()
A.《戰(zhàn)國策》
B.《國語》
C.《左傳》
D.《老子》
3.孟子用“五十步笑百步”的比喻論證了本文的基本觀點。這種論證方法是
()
A.歸納論證
B.對比論證
C.演繹論證
D.類比論證
4.《國殤》選自
()
A.《九歌》
B.《九章》
C.《漁父》
D.《天問》
5.稱贊《史記》為“史家之絕唱,無韻之離騷”的是
()
A.班固
B.韓愈
C.魯迅
D.茅盾
6.“易安居士”指的是
()
A.秦觀
B.辛棄疾
C.李清照
D.柳永
7.杜甫詩歌的主要風(fēng)格是
()
A.豪放悲壯
B.沉郁頓挫
C.凄苦哀婉
D.清新雋逸
8.主張“文章應(yīng)有補于世”的文學(xué)家是
()
A.王安石
B.蘇軾
C.黃庭堅
D.歐陽修
9.唐代古文運動的倡導(dǎo)者是
()
A.李白
B.杜甫
C.白居易
D.韓愈
10.下列作品,屬于沈從文的是
()
A.《釣臺的春晝》
B.《箱子巖》、C.《雨中登泰山》
D.《聽聽那冷雨》
11.屠格涅夫的散文詩《門檻》的譯者是
()
A.巴金
B.冰心
C.老舍
D.徐志摩
12.漢代產(chǎn)生的一種文學(xué)體裁是
()
A.格律詩
B.詞
C.賦
D.曲
13.《長亭送別》中的[端正好]唱段所運用的主要抒情方法是
()
A.借事抒情
B.借景抒情
C.借典抒情
D.借比喻抒情
14.辛棄疾詞中,使用典故的一句是
()
A.可惜流年,憂愁風(fēng)雨,樹猶如此
B.了卻君王天下事,贏得生前身后名
C.遙岑遠(yuǎn)目,獻(xiàn)愁供恨.玉簪螺髻
D.算只有殷勤,畫檐蛛網(wǎng),盡日惹飛絮
15.下列詩歌中屬于律詩的是
()
A.王昌齡《從軍行(其四)》
B.李白《行路難》
C.陶淵明《飲酒(其五)》
D.王維《終南山》
二、多項選擇題(每小題2分。共10分)在每小題的五個備選答案中選出二至五個正確答案。并將其代碼寫在題干后面的括號內(nèi)。多選、少選、不選或錯選者。該題無分。
16.《詩經(jīng)?氓》運用比興手法的句子是
()
A.桑之未落,其葉沃若
B.桑之落矣,其黃而隕
C.于嗟鳩兮,無食桑葚
D.氓之蚩蚩,抱布貿(mào)絲
E.總角之宴,言笑晏晏
17.下列作品,屬于魯迅小說的是
()
A.《藥》
B.《紀(jì)念劉和珍君》
C.《傷逝》
D.《燈下漫筆》
E.《**》
18.唐代以山水詩著稱的詩人是
()
A.高適
B.岑參
C.王維
D.孟浩然
E.杜牧
19.歐陽修《五代史伶官傳序》所采用的主要論據(jù)是
()
A.后唐莊宗“所以得天下”的歷史事實
B.后唐莊宗“所以失之者”的歷史事實
C.“孝公用商鞅之法,移風(fēng)易俗”的歷史事實
D.周任“陳力就列,不能者止”的名言
E.《尚書》“滿招損,謙得益”的名言
20.《杜陵叟》一詩的旨意有
()
A.表達(dá)對農(nóng)民的同情
B.反映農(nóng)民的疾苦
C.暴露“皇恩浩蕩”的虛偽
D.揭露封建官吏對農(nóng)民的殘酷剝削
E.表現(xiàn)了農(nóng)民的反抗情緒
三、填空題(每小題1分,共10分)
21.____________,秋水共長天一色。
22.子在川上日:____________!不舍晝夜。
23.春江潮水連海平,____________。
24.合抱之木,____________。
25.米蘭?昆德拉的主要作品是長篇小說《生活在別處》和《____________》。
26.____________,千載誰堪伯仲問。
27.曹禺的生活、生命、人性的“生命三部曲”是《雷雨》、《日出》、《____________》。
28.高曉聲關(guān)于農(nóng)民題材的系列小說中的主人公是____________。
29.《小二黑結(jié)婚》的作者是____________。
30.“微風(fēng)過處,送來縷縷清香,仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的”一句的主要修辭手法是____________。
四、詞語解釋題(每小題1分,共10分)解釋句中加點的詞。
31.夏蟲不可以語于冰者,篤于時也。
篤:
32.都城過百雉,國之害也。
城:
33.后孟嘗君出記,問門下諸客:“誰習(xí)計會,能為文收責(zé)于薛者?”
責(zé):
34.南絕幕,遇前將軍、右將軍,廣已見大將軍,還人軍。
絕:
35.其隙也,則施施而行。
施施:
36.一座大驚,皆感激為云泣下。
感激:
37.可憐白發(fā)生。
可憐:
38.是時會暮,胡兵終怪之,不敢擊。
會:
39.是社稷之臣也。
是:
40.高處不勝寒。
勝:
五、翻譯題(每小題2分,共10分)將下列各題中加橫線的句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。
41.竊以為君市義。
42.吾歸破賊,必滅賀蘭。此矢所以志也。
43.國不堪貳,君將若之何?
44.憂勞可以興國,逸豫可以亡身。
45.王喜,告召公日:“吾能弭謗矣,乃不敢言?!?/p>
六、簡答題(第46、47題各2分,第48、49趣各3分,共10分)
46.契訶夫《苦惱》的主題思想是什么?(2分)
47.蘇軾《前赤壁賦》的表現(xiàn)手法是什么?(2分)
48.巴金《愛爾克的燈光》一文中出現(xiàn)的三次燈光的象征意蘊分別是什么?(3分)
49.徐志摩《再別康橋》一詩的形式美,主要體現(xiàn)在哪三個方面?(3分)
七、簡析題(第50、51題各6分,第52題7分,第53、54題各8分,共35分)
50.閱讀冰心《往事》中的一段:
不是說做女神,我希望我們都做個“?;钡那嗄辍O窈f的,海是溫柔而沉靜。杰說的,海是超絕而威嚴(yán)。揖說的更好了,海是神秘而有容,也是虛懷,也是廣博……
請回答:
(1)“希望我們都做個'海化'的青年”一句表達(dá)了作者什么思想?(2分)
(2)“?;钡那嗄甑膬?nèi)涵指的是什么?(2分)
(3)這段文字使用了什么修辭方法?(2分)
51.閱讀茅盾《香市》中的一段:
在我看來,這所謂南洋武術(shù)班的幾套把式比起從前“香市”里的打拳頭賣膏藥的玩意來,委實是好看得多了。要是放在十多年前,怕不是擠得滿場沒個空隙兒么?但是今天第一天也只得二百來看客。往?!跋闶小钡闹鹘?-農(nóng)民,今天差不多看不見。
后來我知道,鎮(zhèn)上的小商人是重興這“香市”的主動者;他們想借此吸引游客“振興”市面,可是他們也失望了。
請回答:
(1)作者主要以什么方法來表現(xiàn)南洋武術(shù)班的冷落景象的?(2分)
(2)農(nóng)民不來趕香市說明了什么?(2分)
(3)小商人的失望說明了什么?(2分)
52.閱讀宗臣《報劉一丈書》中的一段:
幸主者出,南面召見,則驚走匍匐階下。主者日:“進(jìn)!”則再拜,故遲不起;起則上所上壽金。主者故不受,則固請;主者故固不受,則又固請;然后命吏內(nèi)之,則又再拜,又故遲不起,起則五六揖,始出。
請回答:
(1)這里刻畫了權(quán)貴者、干謁者怎樣的性格特征?(2分)
(2)這段文字運用什么方法來暴露官場黑暗的?(2分)
(3)“主者故固不受”一句中“故”、“固”二字連用有何用?(3分)
53.閱讀柳永《八聲甘州》:
對瀟瀟暮雨灑江天,一番洗清秋。漸霜風(fēng)凄緊,關(guān)河冷落,殘照當(dāng)樓。是處紅衰翠減,苒苒物華體。惟有長江水,無語東流。
不忍登高臨遠(yuǎn),望故9渺邈,歸思難收。嘆年來蹤跡,何事苦淹留?想佳人、妝樓長望,誤幾回、天際識歸舟。爭知我、倚闌干處,正恁凝愁。
請回答:
(1)詞的上片的景物描寫構(gòu)成了一幅什么圖景?(3分)
(2)這首詞表達(dá)了作者怎樣的情感?(2分)
(3)蘇軾對“漸霜風(fēng)凄緊,關(guān)河冷落,殘照當(dāng)樓”有“不減唐人高處”的評價。你對此評價有何理解?(3分)
54.閱讀王安石《答司馬諫議書》一段:
至于怨誹之多,則固前知其如此也。人習(xí)于茍且非一日,士大夫多以不恤國事、同俗、自媚于眾為善,變此,而某不量敵之眾寡,欲出力助上以抗之,則眾何為而不洶洶然?盤庚之遷,胥怨者民也,非特朝廷士大夫而已。盤庚不為怨者故改其度,度義而后動,是而不見可悔故也。
請回答:
(1)這段文字駁斥了司馬光的什么觀點?(2分)
(2)在駁論中作者又揭露了什么問題?(2分)
(3)作者運用“盤庚之遷”來說明什么問題?(2分)
(4)眾人對變法的態(tài)度是什么?(2分)
八、作文(50分)
以“和”為話題,寫一篇文章。
要求:1.文體不限(詩歌除外)。
2.不少于800字
2006年大學(xué)語文參考答案
一、單項選擇題(每小題1分,共15分)1-5.BCDAC 6-10.CBADB 11-15.ACBAD
二、多項選擇題(每小題2分。共10分)16.ABC 17.ACE 18.CD 19.ABE 20.AB C DE
三、填空題(每小題1分。共lO分)21.落霞與孤鶩齊飛 22.逝者如斯夫 23.海上明月共潮生 24.生于毫末25.王命中不能承受之輕 26.出師一表真名世 27.原野 28.陳奐生 29.趙樹理 30.通感(移情)
四、詞語解釋題(每小題1分。共10分)31.篤:固;拘限 32.城:城墻 33.責(zé):通“債”;債務(wù) 34.絕:橫渡 35.施施:慢慢行的樣子 36.感激:感動,激發(fā) 37.可憐:可惜 38.會:恰逢 39.是:這,指示代詞 40.勝:禁受;忍受
五、翻譯題(每小題2分。共10分)41.(我)私下用債款為您買回了道義 42.這支箭是用來做標(biāo)記的
43.一個國家不能忍受兩屬的局面,44.安逸享樂可以使自身敗亡
45.我能制止老百姓的指責(zé)、議論,(人們)再也不敢說什么了
六、簡答題(共10分)46.(1)小說通過老馬車夫姚納孤苦寂寞、有苦無處訴說這簡單小事,(2)反映出世人的自私、冷漠,揭露了當(dāng)時俄國社會的黑暗與冷酷。
47.(1)主客問答;(2)抑客伸主。
48.(1)“故居大門內(nèi)亮起的昏暗燈光”是舊家庭、舊禮教走向沒落崩潰的象征;(2)“愛爾克的燈光”象征著舊生活的悲劇和希望破滅;(3)“我的心靈的燈”是作者對新生活的信念和對理想追求的象征。49.(1)音樂美(音韻和諧);(2)繪畫美(色彩艷麗);(3)建筑美(形式整齊)。
七、簡析題(共35分)50.(1)不滿當(dāng)時的社會現(xiàn)實,追求光明理想,想做一個有為的進(jìn)步青年。
(2)指的是作者心目中的理想人格。作者希望大家做個像大海一樣襟懷寬廣、虛懷若谷、包容一切的青年。(3)擬人。
51.(1)對比。以“南洋武術(shù)班”的表演精彩,但看客少和往昔香市“打拳頭賣膏藥的玩意”水平很低,但“擠得滿場沒個空隙兒”作對比。
(2)說明農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)凋敝,農(nóng)民破產(chǎn),已經(jīng)沒有能力沒有興致來趕香市了。(3)小商人的失望說明了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)凋敝也嚴(yán)重影響了市鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。52.(1)權(quán)貴者:貪婪虛偽;干謁者:奴顏婢膝。(2)運用類型化形象勾畫人物丑態(tài)的方式來暴露官場黑暗。
(3)“故”是故意,“固”是堅決。作者將這二字連續(xù)用在權(quán)貴者身上,鮮明有力地揭露出他們極端貪婪而又極端虛偽的丑惡心理。
53.(1)上片描繪了一幅遼闊、悲涼的秋景圖。(2)表達(dá)了羈旅行役、思鄉(xiāng)懷人的情感。(3)意境高遠(yuǎn);文士風(fēng)格;語言典雅。54.(1)駁斥了司馬光“以致天下怨謗”的觀點。
(2)揭露了保守派與世俗同流合污,不顧國家利益的腐敗現(xiàn)象。(3)表明作者堅持改革、決不動搖的決心和態(tài)度。(4)眾人的態(tài)度是反對變法。
八、作文(50分)(略)
第三篇:公共英語三級真題及答案
英語試題
公共英語三級真題及答案
Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
1—25(略)
Section Ⅱ Use of English
Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.The United States is a confederation of states.Each state has the(26)to make laws with regard to the state.(27), based on public opinion, states can(28)policies regarding education, and they may(29)a state income tax;they also determine the speed(30), housing codes, and the drinking age.In most parts of the United States, you(31)be 21 years old to buy alcohol in a liquor store, bar,(32)restaurant.In some states you may buy beer in a grocery store.If a store sells alcohol to a minor, the(33)of the store is usually(34)a large sum of money.(35), many areas have an open-container law,(36)means that people may not drink alcohol on the street or in a car.Anyone(37)with an open container of alcohol may be arrested.(38), with all of these laws, the(39)of alcohol is a serious(40)in the United States and Canada.Drinking on college campuses,(41)there are many underage drinkers has(42)greatly.In fact, alcohol sales have gone up(43)the legal drinking age was(44)from 18 to 21.Some people believe that if there were no legal drinking age,(45)in some other countries, North American youth would drink less.26.A privilege B advantage
C right D tradition
27.A As a result B For example C In other words
D In this case
28.A demand B disagree
C discuss
D determine
29.A collect B issue
C demand D implement
30.A limit B control B control D regulation
31.A can B shall B shall
D must
32.A and B or
C also
D not
33.A clerk Bsalesperson Cowner D host
34.A fined B charged C punished D suffered
35.A In addition B In fact C In reality D In general
36.A that B this C it D which
37.A exposed B suspected C caughted D detected
38.D detected B Anyway
C Moreover D Neverthless
39.A application B consumption C expenditure D usage
40.A condition
B crisis
C question D problem
41.A though B as C where D which
32.A raised B increased C peaked D climaxed
43.D climaxed B since C before D after
44.A shifted B upgraded
C uplifted D changed 45.A same B for C as D in Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts.Answer the questions on each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.上學(xué)吧歡迎您 英語試題
Text 1
A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the surprise sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects a sudden increase in crime does.Appleyard observed this by fir house in San Francisco that looked much alike and had middle-class and working-class residents.The difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia in Appleyard’s terminology while Gough Street(MEDIUM street)had 9,000 cars a day and Franklin Street(HEAVY street)had around 16,000 cars a day.Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia Street had in a day.Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily.That is, the cars didn’t bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up.The cars, Appleyard determined, reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for.Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes.Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their houses.Most families with children had already left.Conditions on Octavia Street were much different.Residents picked up trash.They sat on their front steps and chatted with neighbors.They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on Franklin.On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased.People were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives.A number of families had recently moved.And more were considering it.Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.46.Appleyard’s study focuses on the influence of ______.A.traffic volume on the residents
B.rate of crime on the neighborhood
C.social classes on the transportation
D.degree of pollution on the environment
47.Appleyard discovered that increase in the volume of traffic ______.A.made people more violent B.would lead to increase in crime
C.was accompanied by increase in crimeD.had the same effect on people as increase in crime
48.The author’s main purpose in the second paragraph is to ______.A.discuss the problem of handling trash B.suggest ways to cope with traffic problems C.point out the disadvantages of heavy traffic D.propose an alternative system of transportation
49.People on Gough Street ______.A.felt sorry that their block had been pulled down B.felt indifferent about people moving out
C.thought their old community was gone
D.thought mostly of themselves
50.What can we learn about Franklin Street A.It is not a nice neighborhood for children B.People often throw trash out as they drive throug
C.People there have made friends with people on Octavi D.People there own twice as many cars as people on Gough Stree
Text 2
Imagine, if you will, the average games player.What do you see A guy who never grew up Or a nervous 18-year-old pushing buttons on his controller, lost and alone in a violent onscreen world Sorry, you lose.The average gamer is starting to look pretty much like the average person.上學(xué)吧歡迎您 英語試題
For the first time, according to a US poll commissioned by AOL Games, roughly half of those surveyed, ages 12 to 55, are tapping away at some kind of electronic game—whether on a PC, a cell phone or another handheld device—for an average of three hours every week.The games people play say a lot about who they are.Machines like the Xbox and PlayStation 2 are largely the territory of twenty-something men, who prefer to picture themselves as sports ‘stars and racing drivers.Men 50 and older prefer military games.Teenage girls are much more likely than boys to play games on their phone, while older women make up the majority of people playing card games such as Hearts on line.Is it a good thing, all this time spent on games Or is it as harmful as television, pulling people ever further from reality The AOL survey suggests some players are in denial about the extent of their habit.One in 10 gamers find it impossible to resist games;1 in 4 admits to losing a night’s sleep to play games;and another quarter has been too absorbed to have meals.But don’t think we’re all heading into a world with everyone plugged into, if not totally controlled by, his own game.Quite the contrary: gamers appear to be more engaged with reality than other kinds of couch potatoes.According to a comprehensive survey by the Entertainment Software Association(ESA-whose members, of course, want you to think video games are healthy), gamers spend an average of 23 hours a week volunteering and going to church, concerts, museums and other cultural events.More enthusiastic gamers who play 11 hours a week or more spend ever more time out in the cultural world(34 hours).51.The AOL survey finds that electronic games ______.A.do not present a violent onscreen world
B.no longer keep gamers from growing up
C.are no longer exclusive to young people
D.are not as popular with teenagers as before
52.Who does the author say tend to identify themselves with the characters in the game
A.Teenage gir l B.Older wome C.Men in their 20 D.Men 50 and olde
53.When asked about the extent of their habit, some players ______.A.refused to provide an answer to this question B.denied they were affected by electronic games C.wondered why they were asked such a question D.stressed their interest in playing electronic games
54.It can be inferred from the text that ______.A.electronic games are less harmful than television
B.television viewers are more realistic than gamers
C.television is more popular than electronic games
D.gamers have less self-control than TV viewers
55.According to the writer, the ESA members ______.A.have sufficient knowledge of games
B.think their games are healthy products
C.serve as the role models for game players D.are concerned about gamers' cultural activities Text 3
The ostrich, the largest bird in the world at present, lives in the drier regions of Africa outside the actual deserts.Because of its very long, powerful legs and the floating effect of its extended wings, it is able to run at great speed over considerable distances.The female ostrich normally produces about twenty eggs every rainy season.When the 上學(xué)吧歡迎您 英語試題
female ostrich begins to lay her eggs, however, she does not begin in her own nest.Instead she goes off in search of the nests of neighboring females and lays two or three eggs in each of them.By the time she has laid eight or nine eggs, she returns and lays the rest in her own nest.Because of the size of the eggs, the female ostrich cannot lay more than one every two days, so it takes her three weeks to finish laying in her own nest.During that period, she spends a lot of time away from her nest looking for food.And while she is off her nest, other females visit it to lay their eggs amongst hers.By the time she is ready to sit on the eggs to hatch them, there could be up to thirty eggs in her nest, over half of which are not her own.The female ostrich can comfortably cover only about twenty eggs when she is sitting on the nest so before settling down she pushes the surplus ten or so eggs out of the nest.The rejected eggs, however, never include any of her own.Each female is remarkably consistent in the size and shape of the eggs she produces, so it is not difficult for her to distinguish her own from those of strangers.Of all the eggs laid by a colony of ostriches, only a very small number hatch into young birds.There are times when nests are left unprotected, for there are too few males to sit on all the nests at night.Thus there are ample opportunities for their natural enemies to raid the nests and eat the eggs.In fact, nearly 80% of the nests are destroyed.But even if a particular female’s nest suffers this fate, there is a good chance that one or two of her eggs will be hatched in the nest of one of her neighbors.56.We learn from the text that an ostrich can go a long distance at high speed as ______.A.it is a special kind of bird
B.it lives in large desert areas
C.it has special wings and legs
D.it is the largest bird in the world
57.Normally, in every rainy season, the female ostrich produces about ______.A.12 eggs in her nest
B.18 eggs in her nest
C.20 eggs in her nest
D.30 eggs in her nest
58.The female ostrich would push some of the eggs out of her nest because ______.A.she can only hatch her own eggs
B.those eggs are unlikely to be hatched
C.those eggs are to be hatched by other
D.she can only hatch a limited number of eggs
59.The female ostrich identifies her own eggs by their size and ______.A.color B.number C.shape D.weight
60.The female ostrich lays her eggs in her neighbors' nests most probably because ______.A.her nest-is not big enough B.she cannot protect all her eggs
C.she cannot tolerate all her eggs
D.her nest is not comfortable enough Part B
Directions: Read the opinions given by five scholars on challenges facing today’s single women.For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each scholar(61 to 65)to one of the statements(A to G)given below.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.What the women I spoke with said was that they want a husband who is independent and dedicated to his career, but that he doesn’t have to make a lot of money.The emphasis was always on finding a best friend—a soul mate—someone you could tell all your troubles to and who would be supportive.So it doesn’t seem to be the case that these women were looking for super high-achieving men.Grise Levison
I think that for women, as well as for men, the standard for someone who you’d want to 上學(xué)吧歡迎您 英語試題
spend your life with depends much more today on emotional intimacy.It takes some trial and error and a pretty long and dedicated search to identify the kind of person who is emotionally matching you and who is able to communicate and listen to trouble talk.Marry Brown
In recent decades girls have been raised to be more competitive and stronger than they were in the past.Several women I talked to mentioned that in their life they felt that their intelligence or intellectual achievement seemed to work against them in their romantic relationships with men.However, most of the women I interviewed felt that there were some men “out there” who would be attracted to smart women.The problem was finding them.Donna Smith
I think, for the women I talked to, their ultimate sense of what they want in life includes family and children, but they aren’t willing to think about the fact that they therefore will probably have to give up some of their own individual pursuits and career goals.I think the definition of success includes both love and work, and that the challenge is how to arrange that in a particular order.Elizabeth Budy
I think that people who have clone at least some of the things that are essential for a wise judgment about a partner are more likely to eventually end up in a stable marriage.It’s also true that they’re likely to marry someone who is similar to them in education and earning power, which means that those marriages are likely to have more money in them.Now match the name of each scholar(61 to 65)to the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements.Statements
[A] Career success is in fact not a disadvantage.[B] The ability to choose a right partner ensures a stable mar riage.[C] How to balance career with family is key to success.[D] The essential part of marriage is the union of soul.[E] Finding an emotionally intimate mate isn’t a piece of cake.[F] Career success ensures a solid marriage.[G] Social assistance is needed for today’s single women.61.____________________ 62.____________________ 63.____________________ 64.____________________ 65.____________________ Section Ⅳ Writing
Directions: You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2.Part A
1.Your friend Li Ming has written to invite you to go to his hometown together with him and you are willing to accept his invitation.Write a reply to Li Ming, 1.to express your appreciation and acceptance of his invitation;
2.to ask about his schedule for the trip;
3.to ask about what necessary preparations you need to make.上學(xué)吧歡迎您 英語試題
You should write approximately 100 words.Do not sign your name at the end of your letter.Use “Wang Lin” instead.You do not need to write the address.2.Below is a picture showing rubbish left in a park.Look at the picture and write an es-say of about 120 words making reference to the following points:
1.a description of the picture;
2.your comment on this picture and suggested solutions to the problem.上學(xué)吧歡迎您 英語試題
26.答案:C
27.答案:B
28.D
29.A
30.A31.D
32.B
33.C
34.A
35.A
36.D
37.C
38.A
39.B
40.D 41.C
42.B
43.B
44.C 45.C
46.A
47D
48.C
49.C
50.A
51.C
52.C
53.B
54.A
55.B
56.C
57.A
58.D
59.C
60.B
61-65 DEACB
作文
1.
October 19th, 2009
Dear Li Ming,It’s so kind of you to invite me to go to your beautiful and well-known hometown together with you, I would like very much to come.But could you please tell me some details about the trip and the schedule so that I can make an arrangement for my schoolwork.By the way, is it necessary for me to prepare all the things What are the basic necessities for the trip Could you give me some suggestions
Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality!
Looking forward to seeing you soon.Sincerely yours, Wang Lin
2.The cartoon tells us a serious problem existing in the parks.Many people throw litters everywhere without caring for the environment.The beautiful scenery is totally destroyed by the rubbish they throw away.With the development of our economy, people are paying less and less attention to the protection of our environment;as a result, we are facing a severe environmental problem.If we don’t protect our environment, our lives will be in great danger.We must take some measures to prevent the situation from becoming worse!
For instance, we can pick up litters and put them into the dustins, and we can teach children not to throw the litters casually.As an old saying goes, “A small act can make a big difference.” If everyone makes a contribution to the protection of our environment, I believe our world will be cleaner and more beautiful in the future, where green patches can be easily reached and the blue sky can always be seen clearly over our heads.上學(xué)吧歡迎您 7
第四篇:2015年河南專升本教育學(xué)心理學(xué)真題
2015年普通高等學(xué)校
??飘厴I(yè)生進(jìn)入本科階段學(xué)習(xí)考試試題
教育學(xué)、心理學(xué)
一、選擇題(教育學(xué)1~20,心理學(xué)21~40。每小題1分,共40分)1.西方最早的教育名著是古羅馬昆體良的()A.《理想國》 B.《論演說家的教育》 C.《大教學(xué)論》 D.《教育漫話》 2.《民主主義與教育》一書的作者是()A.洛克 B.杜威 C.凱洛夫 D.盧梭
3.目前許多國家的________已由精英教育逐步過渡到大眾化甚至普及化階段。()A.學(xué)前教育 B.初等教育 C.職業(yè)教育 D.高等教育
4.________在他的《教學(xué)與發(fā)展》中提出教學(xué)應(yīng)走在發(fā)展的前面,從而促進(jìn)學(xué)生發(fā)展的觀點。()A.贊料夫 B.皮亞杰 C.布魯納 D.布盧姆 5.教育的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)是由________決定的。()A.政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)制度 B.文化 C.科學(xué)技術(shù) D.人口 6.在教育過程中,學(xué)生是()A.教育的客體 B.認(rèn)識的主體C.教育的客體、認(rèn)識的主體 D.上都不是 7.“以人為鑒,可以知得失”體現(xiàn)的德育方法是()A.自我教育法 B.實際鍛煉法 C.說服教育法 D.榜樣示范法
8.“盡量多地要求一個人,也盡可能地尊重一個人”,這體現(xiàn)了()A.正面引導(dǎo)與紀(jì)律約束相結(jié)合原則 B.嚴(yán)格要求與尊重信任相結(jié)合原則 C.從學(xué)生實際出發(fā)原則 D.知行統(tǒng)一原則
9.________決定教育發(fā)展的規(guī)模、速度和教育結(jié)構(gòu)。()A.生產(chǎn)關(guān)系 B.科技 C.文化 D.生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平10.________是現(xiàn)代教學(xué)的基本組織形式。()A.小組教學(xué) B.道爾頓制 C.個別教學(xué) D.班級授課制
11.“蓬生麻中,不扶而直,白沙在涅,與之俱黑?!边@反映了________對人發(fā)展的影響。()A.遺傳 B.環(huán)境 C.主觀能動性 D.教育
12.________是以學(xué)校為本、基于學(xué)校的實際狀況、為了學(xué)校的發(fā)展而由學(xué)校自主開發(fā)的課程。()A.校本課程 B.國家課程 C.地方課程 D.選修課程
13.“一兩的遺傳勝過一噸的教育”所反映的是()A.遺傳決定論B.環(huán)境決定論 C.教育萬能論 D.教育獨立論 14.在教學(xué)過程的基本階段中,被稱為中心環(huán)節(jié)的是()A.引起求知欲 B.鞏固知識 C.感知教材 D.理解教材
15.我國第一個以法令形式頒布并在全國范圍內(nèi)正式實行的學(xué)制是()A.壬寅學(xué)制 B.壬戌學(xué)制 C.壬子癸丑學(xué)制 D.癸卯學(xué)制
16.________是指把受教育者培養(yǎng)成為一定社會需要的人的總要求。()A.教盲目的 B.課程目標(biāo) C.教學(xué)目標(biāo) D.培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)
17.我國古代的“六藝”“四書五經(jīng)”,古羅馬的“七藝”,都可以說是最早的()A.學(xué)科課程 B.活動課程 C.綜合課程 D.核心課程
18.在教育過程中,教師對突發(fā)事件做出迅速、恰當(dāng)?shù)奶幚肀环Q為教育機(jī)智。這反映了教師勞動的________特點。()A.復(fù)雜性 B.能動性 C.示范性 D.創(chuàng)造性
19.“相觀而善,相互切磋”體現(xiàn)了教學(xué)中要注意運用()A.參觀法 B.發(fā)現(xiàn)法 C.講演法 D.討論法
20.小東私拿水果攤上的一個蘋果,經(jīng)同學(xué)報告,被老師叫到了辦公室。老師問道:“小東,你私拿別人的東西,這已經(jīng)是第幾次了?”小東低著頭回答:“第五次了?!薄澳銥槭裁床桓哪兀俊薄拔?、我也曉得不對,就是、就是有時忍不住。”教師應(yīng)從_______入手對小東進(jìn)行教育。()A.道德認(rèn)識 B.道德情感 C.道德意志 D.道德行為 21.下列選項不屬于個性心理的是()A.氣質(zhì) B.性格 C.認(rèn)知 D.能力
22.興起于20世紀(jì)50年代,主要運用信息加工的觀點來研究人的認(rèn)知活動的心理學(xué)流派是()A.機(jī)能主義 B.行為主義 C.精神分析學(xué)派 D.認(rèn)知學(xué)派
23.兩個人看見桌子上的半瓶水,一個人說:“只有半瓶了!”另一個人說“還右半瓶呢!”這說明了心理對客觀現(xiàn)實的反映具有()A.主觀性 B.客觀性 C.被動性 D.真實性 24.下列選項中屬于第二信號系統(tǒng)活動的是()A.望梅止渴 B.談虎色變 C.防御反射 D.樂極生悲
25.教師上課時,一邊講授一邊板書,還要觀察學(xué)生的聽課情況,這屬于以下哪種注意品質(zhì)()A.注意的廣度 B.注意的穩(wěn)定性 C.注意的轉(zhuǎn)移 D.注意的分配
26.“以手代目”,盲人通過觸壓覺閱讀盲文屬于()A.感覺對比 B.感覺的補償 C.感覺適應(yīng) D.錯覺
27.教師在板書生字時,常把形近字的相同部分與相異部分分別用白色和紅色粉筆寫出來,這利用了知覺的哪種規(guī)律()A.理解性 B.恒常性 C.整體性 D.選擇性
28.在記憶中,后學(xué)習(xí)的材料會對先學(xué)習(xí)的材料造成干擾,這種現(xiàn)象屬于()A.衰退 B.前攝抑制 C.倒攝抑制 D.近因效應(yīng)
29.“一題多解”的教學(xué)方式主要用于訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的哪一種思維()A.形象思維 B.發(fā)散思維 C.動作思維 D.集中思維
30.學(xué)生在讀到《望廬山瀑布》這首古詩時,腦海中浮現(xiàn)詩句中所描繪的相關(guān)景象,這種心理活動屬于()A.無意想象 B.幻想 C.再造想象 D.創(chuàng)造想象
31.李老師正講課時,遲到的小明突然推門而入,同學(xué)們不約而同地把目光投向了他,這種現(xiàn)象屬于()A.無意識記 B.有意識記 C.無意注意 D.有意注意
32.郁悶時的傾訴、痛苦時的哭泣以及劇烈的體育運動等負(fù)性情緒的發(fā)泄屬于()A.合理宣泄 B.認(rèn)知調(diào)控 C.想象放松 D.肌肉放松
33.《紅樓夢》中林黛玉“見花落淚,見月傷心”,其情緒狀態(tài)屬于()A.心境 B.激情 C.應(yīng)教 D.熱情
34.小明花了10分鐘時間背會了《靜夜思》這首詩,接著又繼續(xù)讀了5分鐘,這種知識保持方法屬于()A.及時復(fù)習(xí)B.分散復(fù)習(xí)C.平時復(fù)習(xí)D.適當(dāng)過度學(xué)習(xí)
35.精力旺盛、表里如
一、剛強(qiáng)、易感情用事,屬于以下哪種氣質(zhì)類型()A.膽汁質(zhì) B.多血質(zhì) C.黏液質(zhì) D.抑郁質(zhì)
36.人們通常認(rèn)為“北方人開朗、豪放,南方人含蓄、細(xì)膩”,這屬于()A.首因效應(yīng) B.刻板效應(yīng) C.暈輪效應(yīng) D.近因效應(yīng)
37.小華同學(xué)熱愛學(xué)習(xí),關(guān)心同學(xué),助人為樂,組織班級同學(xué)認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí),這些品質(zhì)屬于性格中的何種特征()A.態(tài)度 B.理智C.意志 D.情緒
38.心理學(xué)的研究已初步證明,人類一切行為的動力都起源于()A.動機(jī) B.愿望 C.需要 D.創(chuàng)造
39.夢是在睡眠狀態(tài)下產(chǎn)生的正常心理現(xiàn)象,它屬于()A.有意想象 B.無意想象 C.再造想象 D.創(chuàng)造想象
40.“勤能補拙”“笨鳥先飛”充分說明了____對智力的補償作用。()
A.性格 B.氣質(zhì) C.能力 D.動機(jī) 教育學(xué)部分
二、填空題(每空1分,共20分)
41.德國教育家赫爾巴特的代表作是《____________》。42.教育在人的身心發(fā)展中起____________作用。43.教學(xué)過程是一種特殊的____________過程。44.教師的根本任務(wù)是____________。45.狹義的教育是指____________。46.教學(xué)中最常用的教學(xué)方法是____________ 47.史料記載最早的學(xué)校出現(xiàn)在古代的____________社會。48.義務(wù)教育的特點有強(qiáng)制性、____________和普及性。
49.歷史上,學(xué)校教育制度呈現(xiàn)出三種形態(tài):單軌學(xué)制、雙軌學(xué)制和____________學(xué)制。50.教育要適應(yīng)人身心發(fā)展的不均衡性,就要抓住兒童發(fā)展的____________。51.____________課程滲透在學(xué)校的自然環(huán)境、物質(zhì)環(huán)境、人際環(huán)境及觀念環(huán)境中。52.夸美紐斯提出____________思想,主張把“一切事物教給一切人”。
53.基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革亮點之一是從小學(xué)三年級到高中都設(shè)置____________,并作為必修課程。54.之所以要循序漸進(jìn)地進(jìn)行教學(xué),是因為人的身心發(fā)展具有____________。55.我國教育目的確立的理論基礎(chǔ)是馬克思主義關(guān)于人的____________學(xué)說。
56.____________主要是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生正確的審美觀點,發(fā)展感受美、鑒賞美和創(chuàng)造美的能力,培養(yǎng)高尚情操和文明素質(zhì)的教育。
57.法國教育家盧梭在其著作《_____________》中,強(qiáng)調(diào)教育活動必須尊重兒童的自然本性,其思想后來被稱為自然主義教育思想。
58.課程設(shè)計由課程計劃、課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和____________ 三個層次構(gòu)成。
59.“一年之計,莫如樹谷,十年之計,莫如樹木,終身之計,莫如樹人”,這反映教師勞動的____________特點。
60.1965年,在法國巴黎召開的聯(lián)合國教科文組織成人教育會議上,法國教育家保羅·郎格朗首次正式提出____________的概念,并論證了相關(guān)思想。
三、簡答題(共l6分)
6l.簡述新型師生關(guān)系的特點。(3分)
62.簡述教育的政治功能。(4分)
63.教師應(yīng)該具備的道德素養(yǎng)有那些?(4分)
64.教學(xué)的基本環(huán)節(jié)有哪些?(5分)
四、案例分析題(9分)65.閱讀下面的教學(xué)片段:
教師:為什么說雞、鴨、豬是動物? 學(xué)生:因為它們都會叫。
教師:是嗎?蚯蚓不會叫,可它也是動物呀!學(xué)生:蚯蚓會爬,會爬會走的生物都叫動物。
教師:魚可不會爬,也不會走,只會在水里游泳;鳥會飛,它們不是動物? 學(xué)生:是動物,因為它們都會活動,能活動的生物叫動物。
教師:對了,能活動的生物叫動物??墒秋w機(jī)會飛,是不是動物呢?
學(xué)生:飛機(jī)自己不會飛,是人開的,它沒有生命,是人造的,不是動物。教師:對了,能自己活動的生物才叫動物。
(l)教學(xué)片段中教師的做法符合什么教學(xué)原則?
(2)在教學(xué)中應(yīng)如何貫徹此教學(xué)原則?結(jié)合教學(xué)片段進(jìn)行分析。
五、論述題(10分)66.論述發(fā)揚積極因素與克服消極因素相結(jié)合的德育原則。
心理學(xué)部分
六、填空題(每空1分,共20分)
67.有目的地嚴(yán)格控制和創(chuàng)設(shè)一定條件,以引起被試的某種心理現(xiàn)象,從而進(jìn)行研究的方法是____________。68.一般情況下,感受性和感覺閾限成____________關(guān)系。60.從心理產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)看,心理是____________的機(jī)能。
70.感知過的事物不在眼前時,人們在頭腦中出現(xiàn)的該事物的形象是____________。
71.人們在夜間仔細(xì)聽一只表的嘀嗒聲,會感覺到表的聲音一會兒強(qiáng)、一會兒弱,注意的這種周期性變化被稱為____________。
72.視覺的適宜刺激是____________。
73.感覺是人腦對直接作用于感覺器官的客觀事物____________的反映。
74.在視覺記憶中,外界信息經(jīng)由感覺器官的登記后可以保持約300毫秒。這在記憶系統(tǒng)中被稱為____________。
75.沒有完整的邏輯程序,迅速對問題的答案做出合理的猜測、設(shè)想或突然領(lǐng)悟的思維是____________,又稱“非邏輯性思維”。
76.許多兒童由于各種原因無法騎馬,所以就常把一個小凳子或小椅子當(dāng)一匹馬來 騎,過體現(xiàn)了想象的____________功能。
77.“情感共鳴”反映了情感的____________功能。78.觀察是有預(yù)定目的、有計劃的、主動的____________。
79.美國心理學(xué)家吉爾福特認(rèn)為,發(fā)散思維具有流暢性,變通性和____________三個主要特點。
80.在記憶電話號碼時,人們普遍認(rèn)為固定電話的號碼比手機(jī)號碼要好記一些,這是因為短時記憶或工作記憶的容量是____________個。
81.在全體人口中,智力呈____________分布狀態(tài)。
82.艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線表明:遺忘進(jìn)程呈現(xiàn)出____________的特點。83.思維的基本過程是分析和____________。
84.“魚,我所欲電;熊掌,亦我所欲也,二者不可得兼,含魚而取熊掌者也?!边@體現(xiàn)了____________型動機(jī)沖突。
85.個體希望自己的潛能能夠得到充分發(fā)揮,個人價值得到圓滿實現(xiàn)是馬斯洛需要層次理論中的____________需要。
86.1989年,世界衛(wèi)生組織把健康定義為:“健康不僅僅是身體沒有疾病,而且還要具備____________健康、社會適應(yīng)良好、道德健康?!?/p>
七、簡答題(共18分)
87.什么是思維?其特征有哪些?(4分)
88.簡述認(rèn)知、情感與意志三種心理過程之間的關(guān)系。(5分)
89.記憶的品質(zhì)有哪些?(4分)
90.簡述氣質(zhì)與性格的區(qū)別。(5分)
八、案例分析題(7分)
91.王老師所教的班有這樣兩位學(xué)生:學(xué)生甲在采取決定和執(zhí)行決定時,常因缺乏信心而患得患失、猶豫不決、顧慮重重,長時間處于內(nèi)心沖突狀態(tài);學(xué)生乙在采取和執(zhí)行決定中,往往只有三分鐘的熱情,一旦遇到困難或挫折便垂頭喪氣,望而卻步,半途而廢。(1)甲和乙兩位學(xué)生分別缺乏哪種意志品質(zhì)?
(2)在教學(xué)中如何培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的意志品質(zhì)?并結(jié)合案例進(jìn)行分析。
九、論述題(10分)
92.請結(jié)合影響能力形成與發(fā)展的因素談?wù)勅绾闻囵B(yǎng)學(xué)生的能力。
參考答案
教育學(xué)、心理學(xué)
一、選擇題
l.B 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.D ll.B 12.A 13.A 14.D l5.D 16.A 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.C 21.C 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.D 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C 31.C 32.A 33.A 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.A 38.C 39.B 40.A 教育學(xué)部分
二、填空題
41.《普通教育學(xué)》 42.主導(dǎo)43.認(rèn)識 44.教書育人45.學(xué)校教育 46.講授法
47.奴隸 48.免費性49.分支型 50.關(guān)鍵期51.隱性 52.泛智53.綜合實踐活動課程 54.階段性和順序性55.全面發(fā)展 56.美育57.《愛彌兒》 58.教材59.長期性 60.終身教育
三、簡答題
61.【答案要點】我國新型師生關(guān)系的特點有:(1)尊師愛生;(2)民主平等;(3)教學(xué)相長;(4)心理相容。62.【答案要點】(l)教育培養(yǎng)出具有一定階級意識的人,維護(hù)和鞏固一定的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)制度。(2)教育通過影響社會輿論、道德風(fēng)尚為政治經(jīng)濟(jì)制度服務(wù)。
(3)教育對社會政治經(jīng)濟(jì)制度起著巨大的影響作用,但不能起決定作用。
63.【答案要點】教師的職業(yè)道德素養(yǎng)體現(xiàn)在對待事業(yè)、對待學(xué)生、對待集體和對待自己這四個方面的素養(yǎng)上。它的內(nèi)容包括:(l)忠于人民的教育事業(yè);(2)熱爰學(xué)生;(3)團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作;(4)為人師表。
64.【答案要點】教學(xué)的基本環(huán)節(jié)有:(l)備課;(2)上課;(3)課外作業(yè)的布置與批改;(4)課外輔導(dǎo);(5)學(xué)業(yè)成績的檢查與評定。
四、案例分析題
65.【答案要點】(1)教學(xué)片段中教師的做法符合啟發(fā)性教學(xué)原則。
(2)啟發(fā)性原則是指在教學(xué)中教師要承認(rèn)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主體,注意調(diào)動他們的學(xué)習(xí)主動性,引導(dǎo)他們獨立思考,積極探索,生動活潑地學(xué)習(xí),自覺地掌握科學(xué)知識和解決問題的能力。在教學(xué)中教師貫徹這種原則要做到:
①加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)的目的性教育,調(diào)動學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主動性。調(diào)動學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主動性是啟發(fā)思考的首要問題。教師要善于機(jī)智地運用各種方法,使許多一時的好奇和興趣,發(fā)展為推動學(xué)習(xí)的持久動力。
②設(shè)置問題情境,啟發(fā)學(xué)生獨立思考,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的思維方法和思維能力。教師要注意提問,激疑,啟發(fā)他們的思維。在啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考過程中,要有耐心,給學(xué)生以思考時間,要有重點,問題不能多,不能蜻 8
蜒點水、啟而不發(fā)。教師要鼓勵學(xué)生多問,并在回答問題中使學(xué)生的思維能力得到提高。
③啟發(fā)學(xué)生將知識創(chuàng)造性地應(yīng)用于實際。啟發(fā)不僅要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生動腦,而且要引導(dǎo)他們動手。教師要善于向他們布置由易到難的各種作業(yè),或提供素材、情境、條件和提出要求,讓他們?nèi)オ毩⑻剿鳎朔щy,解決問題,別出心栽地完成作業(yè),以便發(fā)展創(chuàng)造才能。
五、論述題
66.【答案要點】在德育工作中,教育者要善于依靠、發(fā)揚學(xué)生自身的積極因素調(diào)動學(xué)生自我教育的積極性,克服消極因素,以達(dá)到長善救失的目的。
任何一個學(xué)生身上既有積極的一面,又有消極的一面。同時,這兩種因素是不斷運動斗爭著的,在一定條件下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。學(xué)生正確思想品德的形成就是積極因素不斷增長,消極因素不斷克服的過程,就是學(xué)生思想中新與|日、進(jìn)步與落后的思想斗爭和轉(zhuǎn)化的過程。貫徹這一原則的要求:
(1)教育者要用一分為二的觀點,全面分析和了解學(xué)生,正確客觀地評價學(xué)生的優(yōu)點和不足。(2)教育者要有意識地創(chuàng)造條件,因勢利導(dǎo),揚長避短,將學(xué)生思想中的消極因素轉(zhuǎn)化為積極因素。(3)教育者要提高學(xué)生自我認(rèn)識、自我評價能力,啟發(fā)他們自覺地展開思想斗爭,發(fā)揚優(yōu)點,克服缺點。心理學(xué)部分
六、填空題
67.實驗法 68.反比69.腦 70.表象71.注意的起伏 72.380-780納米的可見光 73.個別屬性 74.瞬時記憶75.直覺思維 76.替代77.信息傳遞 78.知覺
79.獨創(chuàng)性 80.5~981.正態(tài) 82.先多后少,先快后慢,呈負(fù)加速83.綜合 84.雙趨 85.自我實現(xiàn) 86.心理
七、簡答題
87.【答案要點】(1)思維是人腦對客觀事物本質(zhì)屬性與內(nèi)在職系的概括的、間接的反映。它是借助言語實現(xiàn)的、能揭示事物本質(zhì)特征及內(nèi)部規(guī)律的理性認(rèn)識過程。(2)思維具有間接性和概括性的特點。
88.【答案要點】(1)認(rèn)識、情感和意志是人統(tǒng)一的心理過程的三個不同方面,它們是互相聯(lián)系、互相影響與制約的。
(2)在統(tǒng)一的心理括動中,認(rèn)識是基礎(chǔ),情緒情感和意志是動力系統(tǒng)。一方面,人的情緒情感和意志受認(rèn)識活動的影響;另一方面,情緒情感和意志對認(rèn)識活動又產(chǎn)生巨大的影響作用。89.【答案要點】(1)記憶的敏捷性:記憶的速度和效率特征。(2)記憶的持久性:記憶的保持特征。
(3)記憶的準(zhǔn)確性:記憶的正確和精確特征。(4)記憶的準(zhǔn)備性;記憶的提取和應(yīng)用特征。
90.【答案要點】(1)氣質(zhì)受生理影響大,性格受社會影響大。(2)氣質(zhì)的穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng),性格的可塑性強(qiáng)。(3)氣質(zhì)特征表現(xiàn)較早,性格特征表現(xiàn)較晚。(4)氣質(zhì)無所謂好壞,性格有優(yōu)劣之分。
八、案例分析題
91.【答案要點】(1)根據(jù)案例所述,學(xué)生甲缺乏意志的果斷性,學(xué)生乙缺乏意志的堅韌性。
意志的果斷性是一個人善于迅速地辨明是非,合理地采取決定和執(zhí)行決定的品質(zhì),優(yōu)柔寡斷和草率決定是缺乏果斷性的表現(xiàn);意志的堅韌性是一個人在行動中堅持決定,百折不撓地克服重重困難去達(dá)到行動目的的品質(zhì),虎頭蛇尾、見異思遷等是與堅韌性相反的品質(zhì)。
(2)在教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的意志品質(zhì)應(yīng)做到:①加強(qiáng)目的性教育,幫助學(xué)生樹立科
學(xué)的世界觀,確立崇高的理想。②組織實踐活動,從小事做起。③充分發(fā)揮班集體和榜樣的教育作用。④啟發(fā)學(xué)生加強(qiáng)自我鍛煉,在困難中磨煉意志。⑤根據(jù)個別差異,采取有針對性的措施。
針對意志品質(zhì)的差異,采取不同的鍛煉內(nèi)容和重點,對優(yōu)良意志品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)是非常必要的。如對行動盲目和易受暗示的學(xué)生,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)目的動機(jī)教育,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的目的性、自覺性、責(zé)任心;對優(yōu)柔寡斷、冒險輕率的學(xué)生,應(yīng)培養(yǎng)其大膽果斷、執(zhí)著耐心的品質(zhì);對缺乏自信心、萎靡不振和自卑感強(qiáng)的學(xué)生,應(yīng)采用正面誘導(dǎo)法,充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的積極性,增強(qiáng)自信心,提高自我控制、自我調(diào)節(jié)的能力;對于軟弱和膽怯的學(xué)生,應(yīng)著重膽量、勇氣和獻(xiàn)身精神的培養(yǎng);對缺乏毅力、缺乏恒心的學(xué)生,應(yīng)著重激發(fā)學(xué)生奮發(fā)有為和堅韌頑強(qiáng)的精神。
所以,針對學(xué)生甲,應(yīng)培養(yǎng)其大膽果斷的品質(zhì);對于學(xué)生乙要激發(fā)其堅韌頑強(qiáng)的精神。
九、論述題
92.【答寨要點】(1)能力發(fā)展的影響因素有①遺傳與營養(yǎng)。遺傳對智力的影響主要表現(xiàn)在身體素質(zhì)上,如感官的特征、四肢和運動器官的特征、腦的特征等,遺傳因素是能力發(fā)展的自然前提和基礎(chǔ),它為能力的發(fā)展提供了可能性。②早期經(jīng)驗。人的智力發(fā)展的速度是不均衡的,在早期階段所獲得的經(jīng)驗,促使能力發(fā)展得最快,不少人把學(xué)齡前稱為智力發(fā)展的一個關(guān)鍵期。③教育與教學(xué)。教育和教學(xué)對智力的發(fā)展起著主導(dǎo)作用,學(xué)校里的課堂教學(xué)的正確組織有利于學(xué)生能力的發(fā)展。④社會實踐。人的智力是按照人如何學(xué)會改造自然界而發(fā)展起來的,社會實踐不僅是學(xué)習(xí)知識的重要途徑,也是智力發(fā)展的重要基礎(chǔ)。⑤主觀能動性。環(huán)境和教育的決定作用,機(jī)械和被動地影響能力發(fā)展,個人的勤奮與主觀努力積極能動地促進(jìn)能力的發(fā)展。
(2)在教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的能力應(yīng)做到①轉(zhuǎn)變教師的教學(xué)方法:變“灌輸式”的教為“啟發(fā)式”的教,把學(xué)生的思維引活、引深,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生由表及里、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)地思考所學(xué)知識并突出重點、難點。②轉(zhuǎn)變學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式:把學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)和教師有的放矢的輔導(dǎo)相結(jié)合,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動參與、自主探究。③培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神和實踐能力,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生質(zhì)疑,改變學(xué)生“高分低能”的不良現(xiàn)狀。④幫助學(xué)生建立完善的知識結(jié)構(gòu),既有精深的專業(yè)知識,又有廣博的基礎(chǔ)知識。
第五篇:2016河南專升本教育理論真題
2016年普通高等學(xué)校
專科畢業(yè)生進(jìn)入本科階段學(xué)習(xí)考試試題
教育學(xué)、心理學(xué)
一、選擇題(教育學(xué)1—20,心理學(xué)21—40。每小題1分,共40分)在每小題的四個備選答案中選出一個正確答案,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。
1.教育區(qū)別于其他事物現(xiàn)象的根本特征是
()A.教育是傳遞生活經(jīng)驗的活動
B.教育是一種有目的地培養(yǎng)人的社會活動 C.教育是傳遞科學(xué)文化知識的活動 D.教育是一種培養(yǎng)人才的活動
2.下述屬于墨家主張的是
()A.有教無類
B.兼愛
C.復(fù)歸人的自然本性
D.化民成俗+其必由學(xué)
3.在我國,科舉制度實行了1300年,停止科舉是在()A.1903
B.1905
C.1906
D.1911
4.教育學(xué)作為一門學(xué)科的建立始于夸美紐斯的研究,他的代表作是
()A.《大教學(xué)論》
B.《愛彌兒》 C.《論演說家的教育》
D.《民本主義與教育》
5.20世紀(jì)60年代以后提出了課程結(jié)構(gòu)理論的教育家是
()A.凱洛夫
B.贊科夫
C.布魯納
D.維果斯基
6.影響受教育者的數(shù)量和教育質(zhì)量的因素是
()A.政治經(jīng)濟(jì)制度B.科學(xué)技術(shù)
C.生產(chǎn)力
D.文化
7.“拔苗助長”“陵節(jié)而施”違背了人的身心發(fā)展的()A.階段性
B.順序性
C.不均衡性
D.差異性
8.促進(jìn)個體發(fā)展從潛在的可能狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)實狀態(tài)的決定性因素是
()A.遺傳素質(zhì)
B.環(huán)境
C.個體主觀能動性
D.教肓
9.根據(jù)各級各類學(xué)校任務(wù)確定的所培養(yǎng)的人的特殊要求,我們習(xí)慣上稱為
()A.教育方針
B.教育目的 C.教學(xué)目標(biāo)
D.培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)
10.教師不得對學(xué)生進(jìn)行謾罵、體罰、變相體罰和其他侮辱學(xué)生的行為,這是由學(xué)生的()A.人身自由權(quán)決定的 B.隱私權(quán)決定的 C.人格尊嚴(yán)權(quán)決定的 D.榮譽權(quán)決定的
11.教師職業(yè)的特殊要求是必須具有
()A.管理能力
B.控制能力
C.教育能力
D.研究能力 12.學(xué)校教育的基礎(chǔ)是
()A.教師
B.學(xué)生
C.班級
D.課程
13.指導(dǎo)整個課程編制過程的最為關(guān)鍵的準(zhǔn)則是確定
()A.教育目的B.培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)
C.課程目標(biāo)
D.教學(xué)目標(biāo) 14.衡量各科教學(xué)質(zhì)量的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是
()A.教學(xué)計劃
B.教學(xué)大綱
C.教育目的 D.教學(xué)目標(biāo) 15.學(xué)校進(jìn)行全面發(fā)展教育的基本途徑是
()A.課外活動
B.實踐活動
C.教學(xué)活動
D.班主任工作 16.“學(xué)而時習(xí)之”“溫故而知新”體現(xiàn)了教學(xué)的()A.直觀性原則
B.啟發(fā)性原則
C.循序漸進(jìn)原則
D.鞏固性原則 17.一個測驗經(jīng)過多次測量所得的結(jié)果的一致性程度,稱為測驗的()A.信度
B.效度
C.區(qū)分度
D.難度
18.小李是一名小學(xué)五年級的學(xué)生,因為他學(xué)習(xí)成績不好影響全班同學(xué)的平均成績。有一次小李跟同年級的另一個班的同學(xué)打架,班主任勸退小李。這行為侵犯了小李的
()A.人身權(quán)
B.財產(chǎn)權(quán)
C.受教育權(quán)
D.人人平等權(quán) 19.在重復(fù)測量的方差分析中,如果各組均值不變,被試間差異增大,那么
()A.F值會變小
B.F值保持不變 C.組間方差會變小
D.誤差方差會變小
20.第三次全教會對基礎(chǔ)教育課程體系建設(shè)的要求是國家課程、地方課程和
()A.活動課程
B.社會課程
C.學(xué)校課程
D.特色課程 21.心理的實質(zhì)是
()A.對事物的間接的概括的認(rèn)識
B.改造客觀世界的意志 C.生理活動
D.客觀現(xiàn)實在人腦中的主觀映像 22.中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)是由______組成的。
()A.腦干、間腦、小腦和大腦
B.小腦和大腦 C.脊髓和大腦
D.小腦和大腦皮層
23.心理過程是人腦能動地反映客觀事物的過程,它包括
()A.認(rèn)知、情感、行為
B.感覺、知覺、行為 C.情感、意志、行為
D.認(rèn)知、情感、意志
24.研究人的心理現(xiàn)象,必須遵循的基本原則是
()A.客觀性原則、發(fā)展性原則和系統(tǒng)性原則 B.理論性原則、實踐性原則和教育性原則 C.直觀性原則、量力性原則和循序漸進(jìn)性原則 D.分析原則、綜合原則和抽象概括原則
25.下列情況屬于第二信號系統(tǒng)活動的是
()A.觸景生情
B.聞過則喜
C.談虎色變
D.打草驚蛇
26.“入芝蘭之室,久而不聞其香”,這是感覺的()A.對比
B.適應(yīng)
C.相互作用
D.聯(lián)覺
27.“窺一斑而見全豹”所描述的是人的知覺特征的()A.整體性
B.選擇性
C.理解性
D.恒常性
28.記憶過程包括______幾個基本環(huán)節(jié)。
()A.再認(rèn)和回憶
B.保持和遺忘
C.識記、保持和遺忘
D.識記、保持、再認(rèn)或回憶
29.長時記憶的編碼有
()A.語義編碼和形象編碼
B.形象編碼和抽象編碼
C.圖像記憶編碼和語音編碼
D.圖像記憶編碼和聲像記憶編碼
30.思維的智力操作過程的基本形式有
()
A.進(jìn)行形象思維和抽象思維
B.分析與綜合、抽象與慨括 C.形成概念和進(jìn)行問題解決
D.進(jìn)行輻合思維和發(fā)散思維
31.魯迅在小說《祝?!分袆?chuàng)造了祥林嫂的藝術(shù)形象,他是把舊中國許多婦女的遭遇集中后創(chuàng)造出來的形象,這種形象的構(gòu)成方式屬于
()A.綜合B.夸張
C.?dāng)M人化
D.典型化
32.某學(xué)生犯了比較嚴(yán)重的錯誤,想去向老師認(rèn)錯,但怕受批評丟驗;又怕被揭發(fā)后受更大的處分,這學(xué)生此時的動機(jī)沖突形式屬于
()A.雙趨沖突
B.雙避沖突
C.趨避沖突
D.分析沖突
33.王芳解開一道數(shù)學(xué)題后,感到無比的輕松和愉快,這種情感是
()A.美感
B.激情
C.理智感
D.道德感
34.先有一個目標(biāo)(目的),它與當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)之間存在著差異,人們認(rèn)識到這個差異,就要想出某種辦法采取活動(手段)段,來減小這個差異。這種解決問題的方法或策略是
()
A.爬山法
B.逆向工作法
C.手段—目的分析法
D.嘗試錯誤法 35.美國心理學(xué)家吉爾福特提出的能力結(jié)構(gòu)理論稱為
()A.二因素說
B.智力結(jié)構(gòu)三維模型
C.群因素說
D.能力層次結(jié)構(gòu)理論
36.個性心理傾向性主要包括
()A.感覺、知覺、記憶、想象、思維 B.氣質(zhì)、能力、興趣 C.氣質(zhì)、能力、性格
D.需要、動機(jī)、興趣、理想、信念和世界觀 37.情緒和情感變化的維度包括
()
A.動力性、激動度、強(qiáng)度和緊張度
B.積極性、消極性、強(qiáng)和弱的程度 C.興奮性、激動性、外顯和內(nèi)隱度
D.增力性、減力性、飽和度和外顯度 38.一個人善于控制和支配自己的情緒,約束自己言行的意志品質(zhì)是
()A.自覺性
B.果斷性
C.自制性
D.堅韌性
39.態(tài)度特征、意志特征、情緒特征和理智特征是性格的()A.社會道德評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
B.社會屬性的體現(xiàn) C.分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
D.結(jié)構(gòu)的組成部分
40.智商是119,其等級為
()A.優(yōu)秀
B.中上
C.中等
D.中下
教育學(xué)部分
二、填空題(每空1分,共20分)
41.教師的語言包括口頭語言、____________、體態(tài)語言三種。42.初等教育又稱____________。
43.學(xué)校文化由學(xué)校的物質(zhì)文化、精神文化、組織文化和____________構(gòu)成。44.西方,蘇格拉底在教學(xué)中重視啟發(fā),他善于用問答方式來激發(fā)和引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己去尋求正確答案,這種蘇格拉底方法被稱為____________。
45.美國教育心理學(xué)家布盧納所著的____________一書,體現(xiàn)了美國60年代進(jìn)行的一次教學(xué)改革的指導(dǎo)思想。
46.“親其師,信其道”,主要表明了____________的作用。47.教育史上提出“有教無類”口號的教育家是____________。48.新生兒與____________是個體身心發(fā)展的兩個高速發(fā)展期。49.我國義務(wù)教育的性質(zhì)是強(qiáng)制性、免費性、____________。50.教學(xué)過程的中心環(huán)節(jié)是____________。
51.教學(xué)的基本組織形式是____________,輔助形式有個別輔導(dǎo)、現(xiàn)場教學(xué)。52.思想品德教育的最終目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的____________。
53.在教和學(xué)的協(xié)同活動中,學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的____________,教師在教學(xué)中發(fā)揮著主導(dǎo)作用。
54.1956年美國心理學(xué)家布魯姆制定出了《教育目標(biāo)的分類系統(tǒng)》,他把教育目標(biāo)分為____________、情感目標(biāo)、動作技能目標(biāo)三大類。
55.凡是對受教育者在知識、技能、思想、品德等方面起著教育影響作用的人,都可稱之為____________。
56.____________的經(jīng)典著作四書和五經(jīng)是我國封建社會教育的主要內(nèi)容。57.1920年,美國的H.H.帕克赫斯特在馬薩諸塞州道爾頓中學(xué)創(chuàng)建了一種新的教學(xué)組織形式,人們稱之為道爾頓制。道爾頓制最顯著的特點在于重視學(xué)生自學(xué)和____________,在良好的條件下,有利于調(diào)動學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主動性,培養(yǎng)他們的學(xué)習(xí)能力和創(chuàng)造才能。
58.因材施教原則,是指教師要從學(xué)生的實際隋況、____________出發(fā),有的放矢地進(jìn)行有差別的教學(xué),使每個學(xué)生都能揚長避短,獲得最佳的發(fā)展。
59.教育目的是一切教育工作的出發(fā)點和歸宿,對教育工作具有____________、激勵作用和評價作用。
60.教學(xué)策略的基礎(chǔ)特征是綜合性、____________和靈活性。
三、簡答題(共16分)
61.教育評價有哪些功能?(4分)
62.教育目的對教育工作的指導(dǎo)意義是通過哪些作用實現(xiàn)的?(3分)63.教師的綜合能力素養(yǎng)主要包括哪些內(nèi)容?(4分)
64.教師主導(dǎo)作用與學(xué)生能動性相結(jié)合規(guī)律的基本觀點是什么?(5分)
四、案例分析題(9分)65.閱讀下列材料并回答問題。
年輕的張老師是某名牌大學(xué)的優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生,現(xiàn)任教于一所中學(xué)。工作之初,他刻苦鉆研教育教學(xué)理論,認(rèn)真?zhèn)浜妹恳还?jié)課,全身心地投入到班級管理中。由于他平時對學(xué)生不茍言笑,在班級管理中要求非常嚴(yán)格,學(xué)生對他敬而遠(yuǎn)之。漸漸的,張老師發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與學(xué)生之間有了無形的屏障,課堂變得越來越沉悶,學(xué)生不愿意主動發(fā)言,自己講課越來越缺乏激情,班級管理越來越困難。
在老校長的啟發(fā)幫助下,張老師意識到了問題所在,利用課余時間主動找學(xué)生談心,了解他們的興趣,傾聽他們的心聲,與他們探討人生等,不知不覺中,學(xué)生有心事愿意向他傾訴,主動參與課堂教學(xué),積極為班級活動出謀劃策,班級面貌煥然一新。
(1)試論良好的師生關(guān)系在教育過程中的意義。(3分)(2)上述材料啟發(fā)教師應(yīng)如何建立良好的師生關(guān)系。(6分)
五、論述題(10分)
66.試述思想品德的基本要素知、情、意、行的辯證關(guān)系及其對德育工作的要求。
心理學(xué)部分
六、填空題(每空1分,共20分)
67.人腦對客觀事物的屬性及其規(guī)律的反映稱之為____________過程。
68.20世紀(jì)60年代以來,美國出現(xiàn)的被稱為心理學(xué)第三勢力的心理學(xué)派別是____________。69.感覺的產(chǎn)生是整個分析器活動的結(jié)果,分析器包括三個組成部分:感受器、傳導(dǎo)神經(jīng)和____________。
70.構(gòu)成神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的基本單位叫____________,它由細(xì)胞體和突起組成。71.由實驗者選擇用來引起被試者心理或行為變化的刺激變量叫____________。72.一個刺激被覺察出有差異所需的變化量與原有刺激量成正比例,這個定律被稱之為____________。
73.在一定范圍內(nèi),人不隨知覺條件的變化而保持對客觀事物相對穩(wěn)定的映像不變,這是知覺的____________。
74.電影的膠片是一片一片的,但按每秒24片的速度放映,看上去卻沒有間斷感,而是一個連續(xù)的整體,這種現(xiàn)象稱為____________。
75.個體感知過的事物一旦成為記憶的內(nèi)容,是以某種具體的形象保存在腦中的,這種形象稱為____________。
76.根據(jù)識記的材料是否有意義或?qū)W習(xí)者是否了解其意義,我們又可以把識記分為____________和意義識記兩種。
77.按照注意時有無預(yù)定目的、是否需要意志努力可將注意分為三種:有意注意、無意注意和____________。
78.概念獲得的兩種途徑是____________和概念同化。
79.根據(jù)想象內(nèi)容新穎性的不同,有意想象可分為____________和創(chuàng)造想象。80.“優(yōu)柔寡斷”“冒失”與意志的____________品質(zhì)相反。
81.情緒與人的____________相聯(lián)系,情感與人的社會需要相聯(lián)系。
82.用獎勵性手段強(qiáng)化有機(jī)體的某種反應(yīng)行為使其出現(xiàn)的頻率增加的條件反射現(xiàn)象稱為____________。
83.把提供的各種信息重新組合,朝著一個方向、尋找出一個正確答案或最佳方案的思維稱為____________。
84.遺傳素質(zhì)是能力發(fā)展的____________。85.個性特征中最為穩(wěn)定的特征是____________。
86.意志行動可分為____________的階段和執(zhí)行決定的階段。
七、簡答題(共18分)87.人的心理現(xiàn)象包括哪些方面?(5分)88.簡要說明短時記憶的特點。(4分)89.注意的心理功能有哪些?(4分)90.能力和知識之間有何關(guān)系。(5分)
八、案例分析題(7分)91.王亮和王峰是雙胞胎,同年入學(xué),現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是某高中二年級的學(xué)生了,他們兩兄弟個子一樣高,相貌也極其相似,但是他倆的性情卻大不相同。王亮易激動,性情豪爽,辦事果斷,敢作敢為,行動迅速,喜歡參加各種爭斗性活動,當(dāng)受到挫折時恕發(fā)沖冠,愛打抱不平而不考慮后果。王峰則性情溫和、安靜、穩(wěn)定、辦事優(yōu)柔寡斷,行動遲緩,即使在經(jīng)受挫折時仍心平氣和,不動神色,而兩人的成績卻不相上下,齊頭井進(jìn)。
這一實例說明了什么?試以氣質(zhì)類型學(xué)說加以分析。
九、論述題(10分)
92.什么是創(chuàng)造性思維?結(jié)合實例說明教師應(yīng)該怎樣培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性思維?
參考答案及精析
教育學(xué)、心理學(xué)
一、選擇題
1.【精析】B 教育是一種有目的地培養(yǎng)人的社會活動,這教育區(qū)別于其他事物現(xiàn)象的根本將征,是教育的本質(zhì)屬性,也是教育質(zhì)的規(guī)定性。
2.【精析】B “兼愛”屬于墨家的主張;“有教無類”是孔子的思想;“復(fù)歸人的自然本性”屬于道家的思想;“化民成俗,其必由學(xué)”屬于《學(xué)記》中的教育思想。
3.【精析】C
1905年,洋務(wù)大臣張之洞,奏請停止科舉考試,普遍興辦學(xué)校。清政府迫于形勢,擬定《奏定學(xué)堂章程》,建立起新式教育體制,下詔次年起(即1906年),所有的歲科考試、鄉(xiāng)試,會試一律述止,正式廢除科舉制度。
4.【精析】A 夸美紐斯的代表作是《大教學(xué)論》;《愛彌兒》是盧梭的代表作;《論演說家的教育》是昆體良的代表作;《民本主義與教育》是杜威的著作。
5.【精析】C
20世紀(jì)60年代初,布魯納發(fā)起課程改革運動,提出了課程結(jié)構(gòu)理論。
6.【精析】B 科學(xué)技術(shù)能夠影響受教育者的數(shù)量和教育質(zhì)量??茖W(xué)的發(fā)展不但揭示了受教育者的身心發(fā)展規(guī)律,使教育教學(xué)活動更加符合這些規(guī)律,而且科學(xué)的發(fā)展及其在教育上的廣泛應(yīng)用,使教育對象得以擴(kuò)大。
7.【精析】B 個體身心發(fā)展的順序性要求教育工作要循序漸進(jìn)地促進(jìn)人的發(fā)展,不能拔苗助長,不能陵節(jié)而施。
8.【精析】C 個體的主觀能動性是人的身心發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動力,也是促進(jìn)個體發(fā)展從潛在的可能狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)實狀態(tài)的決定性因素。
9.[精析】D 根據(jù)各級各類學(xué)校的任務(wù)確定的對所培養(yǎng)人的特殊要求,稱為培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)。
10.【精析】C 《中華人民共和國義務(wù)教育法》第二十九條規(guī)定,教師應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重學(xué)生的人格,不得歧視學(xué)生,不得對學(xué)生實施體罰、變相體罰或者其他侮辱人格尊嚴(yán)的行為,不得侵犯學(xué)斗合法權(quán)益。因此,教師不得有對學(xué)生謾罵、體罰、變相體罰和其他侮辱學(xué)生的行為,這是由學(xué)生的人格尊嚴(yán)權(quán)決定的。11.【精析】C 教師是學(xué)校教育工作的主要實施者,根本任務(wù)是教書育人。因此,教師職業(yè)的特殊要求是必須具有教育能力,才能承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的教育教學(xué)任務(wù)。
12.【精析】D 課程是指學(xué)校學(xué)生所應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)科總和及其進(jìn)程與安排。廣義的課程是指學(xué)校為實現(xiàn)培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)而選擇的教育內(nèi)容及其進(jìn)程的總和,涉及教學(xué)過程中教師教什么和學(xué)生學(xué)什么。因此,課程是學(xué)校教育的基礎(chǔ),也是核心。
13.【精析】C 課程目標(biāo)是根據(jù)教育宗旨和教育規(guī)律而提出的具體價值和任務(wù)指標(biāo),是課程本身要實現(xiàn)的具體目標(biāo)和意圖。它是確定課程內(nèi)容、教學(xué)目標(biāo)和教學(xué)方法的基礎(chǔ),是整個課程編制過程中最為關(guān)鍵的準(zhǔn)則。
14.【精析】B 課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(即教學(xué)大綱)是課程計劃中每門學(xué)科以綱要的形式編寫的、有關(guān)學(xué)科教學(xué)內(nèi)容的指導(dǎo)性文件,是課程計劃的分學(xué)科展開。它規(guī)定了學(xué)科的教學(xué)目標(biāo)、任務(wù),知識的范圍、深度和結(jié)構(gòu),教學(xué)進(jìn)度以及有關(guān)教學(xué)方法的基本要求,是編寫教科書和教師進(jìn)行教學(xué)的直接依據(jù),也是衡量各科教學(xué)質(zhì)量的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
15.【精析】C 教學(xué)是學(xué)校的中心工作,學(xué)校工作必須堅持“教學(xué)為主、全面安排”的原則。教學(xué)是學(xué)校進(jìn)行全面發(fā)展教育的基本途徑,但不是唯一途徑,學(xué)校還通過課外活動、生產(chǎn)勞動、社會活動等對學(xué)生進(jìn)行教育。
16.【精析】D “學(xué)而時習(xí)之”“溫故而知新”體現(xiàn)了教學(xué)的鞏固性原則。鞏固性原則是指教師在教學(xué)中要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上牢固地掌握知識和技能,長久地保持在記憶中,能根據(jù)需要迅速再現(xiàn)出來,以利于知識技能的運用。
17.【精析】A
測驗的信度,又稱測驗的可靠度,是指一個測驗經(jīng)過多次測量所得結(jié)果的一致性程度。
18.【精析】C 班主任勸退小李的行為侵犯了小李的受教育權(quán)。19.【精析】D 略。
20.【精析】C 第三次全教會對基礎(chǔ)教育課程體系建設(shè)的要求是建設(shè)國家課程、地方課程、學(xué)校課程的三級課程管理體系。
21.【精析】D 心理的實質(zhì)體現(xiàn)在:①心理是腦的機(jī)能。②心理是對客觀現(xiàn)實的反映。a.客觀現(xiàn)實決定人的心理。b.心理是人腦對客觀現(xiàn)實的主觀映像。
22.【精析】C 中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)包括脊髓和腦。腦又分為腦干、間腦、小腦、大腦兩半球等部分。
23.【精析】D 心理過程是指心理活動發(fā)生、發(fā)展的過程,也就是人腦對客觀現(xiàn)實的反映過程它包括認(rèn)識過程、情緒情感過程、意志過程三個方面。
24.【精析】A 心理學(xué)的研究原則包括:①客觀性原則(實事求是原則)。②發(fā)展性原則。③系統(tǒng)性原則。④教育性原則。
25.【精析】C 條件刺激在本質(zhì)上可以區(qū)分為兩大類:一類是現(xiàn)實的具體的物理性刺激,稱為第一信號系統(tǒng)的刺激:另一類是抽象刺激,即語言符號,稱為第二信號系統(tǒng)的刺激。在生括中,望梅生津、杯弓蛇影屬于第一信號系統(tǒng)的活動。談虎色變、談梅生津?qū)儆诘诙盘栂到y(tǒng)的條件作用。
26.【精析】B 由于刺激對感受器的持續(xù)作用而使感受性發(fā)生變化的現(xiàn)象,叫感覺適應(yīng)?!叭胫ヌm之室,久而不聞其香”是嗅覺的適應(yīng)。
27.【精析】C 在知覺過程中,我們總是根據(jù)已有的知識經(jīng)驗來解釋當(dāng)前知覺的對象,并用語言來描述它,使它具有一定的意義,這就是知覺的理解性。在對知覺對象理解的過程中,經(jīng)驗是最重要的。“窺一斑而見全豹”,比喻看到的只是一部分或比喻可以從觀察的部分推測到全貌,體現(xiàn)知覺的理解性。
28.【精析】D 記憶過程包括識記、保持、再認(rèn)或回憶三個環(huán)節(jié)。
29.【精析】A 長時記憶中的信息編碼方式以意義編碼為主。意義編碼有語義編碼和形象編碼兩種形式,它們又被稱為信息的雙重編碼。
30.【精析】B 分析與綜合、抽象與概括是思維的智力操作過程的基本形式。31.【精析】D 典型化是指根據(jù)一類事物共同的、典型的特征創(chuàng)造新形象的過程。如魯迅筆下阿Q的形象、祥林嫂的形象等都是典型化的人物角色。
32.【精析】C 趨避沖突又稱正負(fù)沖突,是心理沖突的一種,指同一目標(biāo)對于個體同時具有趨近和逃避的心態(tài)。這一目標(biāo)可以滿足人的某些需求,但同時又會構(gòu)成某些威脅,既有吸引力又有排斥力,使人陷入進(jìn)退兩難的心理困境。題干中的學(xué)生既想向老師認(rèn)錯,又怕受批評丟臉、處分,是趨避沖突的體現(xiàn)。
33.【精析】C 理智感是在智力活動中,認(rèn)識和評價事物時所產(chǎn)生的情感體驗。王芳在解開數(shù)學(xué)題后產(chǎn)生的輕松和喻快正是理智感的體現(xiàn)。
34.【精析】A 爬山法是采用一定的方法逐步降低初始狀態(tài)和目標(biāo)狀態(tài)的距離,以達(dá)到問題解決的一種方法。而手段—目的分析法,首先要發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前所處狀態(tài)與想要達(dá)到狀態(tài)之間的差異,然后把一個問題分解為若干個子問題,設(shè)立各種子目標(biāo),通過實現(xiàn)一系列種子目標(biāo)最終達(dá)到總目標(biāo),即解決問題。
35.【精析】B 美國心理學(xué)家吉爾福特提出了智力三維結(jié)構(gòu)論。他認(rèn)為,智力是一個由不同方式對不同信息進(jìn)行加工的各種能力的綜合系統(tǒng),是一個包括內(nèi)容、操作和成果的三維結(jié)構(gòu)。
36.【精析】D 個性傾向性是人的個性心理的動力系統(tǒng),是個性結(jié)構(gòu)中最活躍的因素。個性傾向性是人從事活動的基本動力,主要包括需要、動機(jī)、興趣愛好、理想、信念、世界觀等。
37.【精析】A 情緒情感變化的維度:①情緒情感的動力性有增力和減力的兩極。②激動度有激動和平靜的兩基。③強(qiáng)度有強(qiáng)和弱的兩極。④緊張度有緊張和輕松的兩極。
38.【精析】C 意志的自制力是指能夠完全自覺、靈活地控制自己的情緒,約束自己的言行的意志品質(zhì)。
39.【精析】D 對性格結(jié)構(gòu)的分析,一般著眼于性格的態(tài)度特征、性格的意志特征、性格的情緒特征、性格的理智特征四個方面。40.【精析】B 智力在130以上屬于極超常;120—129超常;110~119中上,90~109屬中等,80~89中下;70~79邊緣;69 以下智力缺陷。
教育學(xué)部分
二、填空題
41.書面語言
42.基礎(chǔ)教育
43.制度文化
44.問答法 45.《教育過程》
46.良好的師生關(guān)系
47.孔子
48.青春期 49.普及性
50.領(lǐng)會知識
51.班級授課制
52.道德行為 53.主體
54.認(rèn)知目標(biāo)
55.教育者
56.儒家 57.獨立作業(yè)
58.個別差異
59.導(dǎo)向作用
60.可操作性
三、簡答題
61.【參考答案】(1)導(dǎo)向與激勵功能。(2)鑒定功能。(3)改進(jìn)提高功能。(4)管理功能。(5)研究功能。
62.【參考答案】(l)導(dǎo)向作用。(2)激勵作用。(3)調(diào)控作用。(4)評價作用。63.【參考答案】(1)語言表達(dá)能力。(2)教育教學(xué)能力。(3)組織管理能力(4)自我調(diào)控和自我反思能力。
64.【參考答案】(1)教師在教學(xué)中起主導(dǎo)作用。(2)學(xué)生是教學(xué)活動的主體。(3)教師主導(dǎo)作用與學(xué)生主體作用之間是辯證統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系。(4)要防止“教師中心論”和“學(xué)生中心論”兩種傾向
四、案例分析題
65.【參考答案】(1)①良好的師生關(guān)系有利于調(diào)動教師教學(xué)的積極性。②良好的師生關(guān)系有利于調(diào)動學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。③良好的師生關(guān)系有利于教學(xué)“雙邊”活動的開展和教學(xué)效果的提高。④良好的師生關(guān)系是學(xué)生身心得以健康發(fā)展的重要保證。
(2)材料中,剛開始,雖然張老師認(rèn)真?zhèn)湔n,全身心投入班級管理,但是卻沒有取得很好的效果,后來在老校長的啟發(fā)幫助下,認(rèn)真了解學(xué)生等等,使班級面貌煥然一新,因此建立良好師生關(guān)系的策略有:①教師方面。教師是教育過程的組織者,在全部教育活動中起主導(dǎo)作用。從根本上說,良好的師生關(guān)系首先取決于教師。為此教師要了解和研究學(xué)生,樹立正確的學(xué)生觀,尊重、理解、熱愛學(xué)生;提高法制意識,保護(hù)學(xué)生的合法權(quán)利;提高教師自身的道德素養(yǎng)、知識素養(yǎng)和能力素養(yǎng);發(fā)揚教育民主,正確處理師生矛盾。②學(xué)生方面。正確認(rèn)識自己;正確認(rèn)識老師,學(xué)生應(yīng)該摒棄對老師的固有成見,要學(xué)會客觀地認(rèn)識和理解老師的付出,積極主動地和老師溝通。③環(huán)境方面。加強(qiáng)校園文化建設(shè),加強(qiáng)學(xué)風(fēng)教育。
五、論述題
66.【參考答案】(1)德育過程是對學(xué)生知、情、意、行的培養(yǎng)提高過程。知、情、意、行是構(gòu)成思想品德的四個基本要素,它們之可的辯證關(guān)系如下:①知即道德認(rèn)識,是人們對是非善惡的認(rèn)識和評價,以及在此基礎(chǔ)上形成的道德觀念,包括道德知識和道德判斷兩個方面。道德認(rèn)識是學(xué)生道德形成的基礎(chǔ)。②情即道德情感,是人們對客觀事物做出是非、善惡判斷時引起的內(nèi)心體驗,表現(xiàn)為人們對客觀事物的愛憎、好惡的態(tài)度。道德情感是學(xué)生產(chǎn)生道德行為的內(nèi)部動力,是實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化的催化劑。③意即道德意志,是人們?yōu)閷崿F(xiàn)一定的道德行為目的所做出的努力的過程。道德意志是調(diào)節(jié)道德行為的精神力量。④行即道德行為,它是通過實踐或練習(xí)形成的,是實現(xiàn)道德認(rèn)識、情感以及由道德需要產(chǎn)生的道德動機(jī)的行為定向及外部表現(xiàn)。道德行為是衡最道德水平的重要標(biāo)志。
(2)德育過程的一般順序可以概括為提高道德認(rèn)識、陶冶道德情感、鍛煉道德意志和培養(yǎng)道德行為習(xí)慣。知、情、意、行四個基本要素是相互作用的,其中,“知”是基礎(chǔ),“行”是關(guān)鍵;在德育具體實施過程中,具有多種開端,即不一定遵守知、情、意、行的一般德育培養(yǎng)順序,而可根據(jù)學(xué)生品德發(fā)展的具體情況,或從導(dǎo)之以行開始,或從動之以情開始,或從鍛煉品德意志開始,最后達(dá)到使學(xué)生品德在知、情、意、行等方面的和諧發(fā)展。
心理學(xué)部分
六、填空題
67.認(rèn)識
68.人本主義
69.效應(yīng)器
70.神經(jīng)元(神經(jīng)細(xì)胞)71.自變量
72.韋伯定律
73.恒常性
74.動景運動 75.表象
76.機(jī)械識記
77.有意后注意(隨意后注意)78.概念形成 79.再造想象
80.果斷性
81.生理需要 82.操作條件反射
83.聚合思維(求同思維、輻合思維)84.生物前提
85.氣質(zhì)
86.采取決定階段
七、簡答題
87.【參考答案】(1)心理學(xué)把統(tǒng)一的人的心理現(xiàn)象分為既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別的兩個部分:心理過程和個性心理。
(2)心理過程包括認(rèn)識過程、情緒情感過程、意志過程三個方面。(3)個性心理包括個性傾向性和個性心理特征兩個方面。
88.【參考答案】(1)時間很短。(2)容量有限。(3)意識清晰。(4)操作性強(qiáng)。(5)易受干擾。
89.【參考答案】(1)選擇功能。(2)保持功能。(3)調(diào)節(jié)和監(jiān)督功能。
90.【參考答案】(1)聯(lián)系:①能力是在掌握知識的過程中形成和發(fā)展起來的。②知識的掌握又是以一定的能力為前提條件的。
(2)區(qū)別:①能力與知識屬于不同現(xiàn)象和范疇。②能力與知識的發(fā)展程度不同。③能力與知識的發(fā)展速度不同。
八、案例分析題 91.【參考答案】(1)氣質(zhì)是人的天性,無好壞之分。它只給人們的言行涂上某種色彩,但不能決定人的社會價值,也不直接具有社會道德評價意義。氣質(zhì)不能決定個人的成就,任何氣質(zhì)類型的人只要努力都可以獲得成功。
(2)根據(jù)案例可以判斷王亮屬于膽汁質(zhì)氣質(zhì)類型,王峰屬于黏液質(zhì)氣質(zhì)類型。①膽汁質(zhì)氣質(zhì)類型的人,在情緒方面,無論是高興還是憂愁,體驗都非常強(qiáng)烈,也進(jìn)行得非常迅速,而在情緒爆發(fā)之后,很快又平靜下來。智力活動縣有極大的靈括性,但理解問題有粗枝大葉、不求甚解的傾向。在行動上生機(jī)勃勃,頑強(qiáng)有力。概括地說膽汁質(zhì)以精力旺盛、表里如
一、剛強(qiáng)、易感情用事為特征,整個心理活動籠罩著迅速而突發(fā)的色彩。對膽汁質(zhì)的學(xué)生,教師應(yīng)采取直截了當(dāng)?shù)姆绞?,但是這些學(xué)生不宜輕易激怒,對其批評要有說服力,培養(yǎng)其自制力,堅持到底的精神和豪放、勇于進(jìn)取的個性品質(zhì)。
②黏液質(zhì)氣質(zhì)類型的人,情緒興奮性比較微弱,心情比較平穩(wěn),變化緩慢,他們經(jīng)常心平氣和,很難出現(xiàn)波動的情緒狀態(tài),不容易發(fā)出強(qiáng)烈的不安和激情。他們喜沉思,在進(jìn)行任何工作之前都作細(xì)致的考慮。能夠執(zhí)行已做出的決定,不慌不忙地去完成工作。往往對已習(xí)慣的工作表現(xiàn)出極大熱情,而不容易習(xí)慣于新工作。概括地說,黏液質(zhì)是以穩(wěn)重、但靈活性不足,踏實但有些死扳,沉著冷靜、但缺乏生氣為特征的。對黏液質(zhì)的學(xué)生,教師要采取耐心教育的方式,讓他們有考慮和反應(yīng)的足夠時間,培養(yǎng)其生氣勃勃的精神,熱情開朗的個性和以誠待人、工作踏實頑強(qiáng)的優(yōu)點。
九、論述題
92.【參考答案】(1)創(chuàng)造性思維是產(chǎn)生具有社會價值的、新穎而獨特的思維成果的過程。它是人類思維的高級形態(tài),是智力的高級表現(xiàn)。其中發(fā)散性思維是創(chuàng)造性思維的核心。創(chuàng)造性思維的特征有:①流暢性。②靈活性。③獨創(chuàng)性。
(2)創(chuàng)造性思維的培養(yǎng):
①運用啟發(fā)式教學(xué),激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造性動機(jī),調(diào)動學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性和主動性。
②培養(yǎng)學(xué)生發(fā)散性思維和集中性思維相結(jié)合。③發(fā)展學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性想象能力。
④組織創(chuàng)造性活動,正確評價學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性。
⑤開設(shè)具體創(chuàng)造性課程,教授學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性思維策略和創(chuàng)造技法。⑥結(jié)合各學(xué)科特點進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性思維訓(xùn)練。