第一篇：廣東西關(guān)景點(diǎn)之海山仙館導(dǎo)游詞

廣東西關(guān)景點(diǎn)之海山仙館導(dǎo)游詞

嶺南園林的芳蹤倩影裹挾著悠遠(yuǎn)幽長的古韻古風(fēng)，幾可溯源到南越國與南漢小王朝。而歷史上構(gòu)筑于荔枝灣內(nèi)的園林建筑，規(guī)模就更為“大觀”了。如南漢王朝花園，“十里紅云、八橋畫舫”的昌華苑，明代兵部右侍郎黃衷的晚景園等??到了清代，又相繼出現(xiàn)了廣州紳士丘熙的唐荔園（虬珠園），蔡廷蕙的環(huán)翠園，以及清末民初的荔香園。而其中最為著名、在清代號(hào)稱為全市私園之冠的，則是廣州富商及文化名人潘仕成建于道光年間的“海上神山、仙人舊館”——海山仙館。它的名稱就因了館門上的這副對(duì)聯(lián)而得名。

蒼叢蔭隱、如霞錦簇的海山仙館，似天然野趣修煉成金的人間奇境，顯示著含蓄蘊(yùn)藉、玲瓏剔透、巧奪天工的古典園林特色，亦無聲訴諸南粵民俗的那種溫婉自得、怡然山水、靜副世事的從容雅緒?！安恢裣κ呛螘r(shí)的云月，也不知今宵是何時(shí)的雨煙”??

海山仙館曾是當(dāng)時(shí)坐落在荔枝灣的一座特大私人園林，是潘仕成的別墅豪宅。

潘仕成，字德畬，道光十三年（1832年）參加順天鄉(xiāng)試，中副榜貢生。后因捐巨款賑濟(jì)北京災(zāi)民獲飲賜舉人，曾以經(jīng)營鹽務(wù)、洋務(wù)為主，后承辦海防軍工，遂成巨富。據(jù)考證，潘園范圍大致在現(xiàn)今的荔灣湖公園一帶，而對(duì)比當(dāng)時(shí)的周邊景致，南至蓬萊路，北至泮塘，東至龍津西路三叉涌，西至珠江邊?？蓞⒖幢R文聯(lián)先生于1997年《南方建筑》刊物上發(fā)表的《海山仙館初探》中所述：“向西望是滾滾的珠江和來往不絕的船只；向東望是西關(guān)民居和古老的廣州城墻；北面有綠色的田野和起伏的山巒；南面是葉氏小田園和停著外國商船的白鵝潭?！辈浑y想見，海山仙館無論是其所處的風(fēng)水寶境，抑或遼闊軒昂的占地面積，都在當(dāng)時(shí)廣東嶺南的園林建筑中堪稱“巨無霸”，也可謂得天獨(dú)厚，威領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷，陣壓群芳的“南園范典”。

歷史上保存下來的對(duì)海山仙館的文字載述并不多見。目前反映其真跡史況的珍貴資料，主要有廣州美術(shù)館收藏的清代著名畫家夏鑾應(yīng)潘仕成之邀所繪的《海山仙館圖》，它為今人提供了昔日海山仙館的精致全貌；還有19世紀(jì)中葉十三行畫商庭呱所作的紙本水粉畫《廣州泮塘之清華池館》，介紹了海山仙館的局部園林景致。另外，法國人于勒·埃及爾于1844年拍攝的一組海山仙館亭臺(tái)樓閣的照片；美國人亨特于1885年出版的《舊中國雜記》（該書1993年在香港再版）；還有從當(dāng)時(shí)文人墨客余洵慶撰寫的《荷廊筆記》及李寶嘉撰寫的《南亭四話》等著作中，我們得以窺探海山仙館的園林建筑特色與風(fēng)貌：如“園景淡雅”，“不徒以華妙勝”；又如“妙有江南炯水意，卻添灣上荔枝多”等。由此可以判斷，海山仙館園林建筑的主調(diào)特征，是利用了荔枝灣畔的荔枝林，從而使嶺南固有的枝藤纏蔓、幽幽靜默、森森渺渺、溫靜纖細(xì)的文化傳承、地域特色與田園景觀三者之錄副揉交合，情景互襯，天人合一，進(jìn)而昭示并呈現(xiàn)出嶺南園林藝術(shù)最高超的境界與神髓——素雅及精致。正如盧文聰筆下的海山仙館，有著井然不紊、參差無亂、優(yōu)游天成的溫婉風(fēng)致：“堤上江荔，水里白荷，庭中丹桂，卷松翠檜，竹影桐陰，奇花異草相互襯托，并形成綠化體系?！钡拇_因了自然的恩惠，海山仙館周身為廣闊而美麗的青山秀水、綠瘦紅肥蔭護(hù)著，環(huán)抱著，“正因?yàn)閮?nèi)、外都有良好的環(huán)境條件，就使得園林建筑中亭榭樓臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)和安排能有更大的自由度”；它到處都有景可借，有綠可襯，有蔭可依，故而不需要單靠雕梁畫棟的“華妙勝”，也就是可以借渾然天成的靈心秀韻，而摒褪許多雕琢堆砌的匠顏。

蒼叢蔭隱、如霞錦簇的海山仙館，又似天然野趣修煉成金的人間奇境，顯示著含蓄蘊(yùn)藉、玲瓏剔透、巧奪天工的古典園林特色，亦無聲訴諸南粵民俗的那種溫婉自得、怡然山水、靜副世事的從容雅緒?！安恢裣κ呛螘r(shí)的云月，也不知今宵是何時(shí)的雨煙”，想像中的海山仙館竟恍似海市蜃樓，迷朦清麗，如夢似幻，記不清造物主的名姓，只當(dāng)是引得無數(shù)墨客潑墨、騷人興騷、許人吟詠無盡的世外桃源??

海山仙館之所以受到人們由衷的惜寵喜愛，并非僅僅緣于它的園林美景、紅荔云色，更重要是它積淀著豐碩的經(jīng)典文化內(nèi)涵。園主潘仕成非但是十三行的大富商，而且還是收藏甚豐、蜚聲域外的文化名流。他不惜斥巨資刻印《海山仙館叢書》56種，492卷，分編經(jīng)、史、子、集四部，共120冊。他還用心搜羅歷代名書法家的名跡法貼，將他們珍貴的手跡敬分為摹古、藏真、“遺芬”，而后飧鑿成一千多塊石刻，大多鑲嵌在園里回廊曲徑的洞壁中，他還把這批名跡石刻拓本刊印成《海山仙館叢貼》。正因園主如此的孜孜不倦，藝海淘金，鍥而不舍，海納百川，所以潘仕成聲名遠(yuǎn)播，威望大振，而海山仙館也理所當(dāng)然、承之無愧地變?yōu)楫?dāng)時(shí)達(dá)官顯貴、名流雅士、外國豪商富賈們經(jīng)常聚集的樂土名苑；甚至，連那些外國使節(jié)與政府要員官宦之間的會(huì)晤，也常常假座這里進(jìn)行和談暢議呢。毋庸置疑，前文提及的美國作家亨特，法國攝影師于勒·埃及爾，還有英國著名的攝影師、作家約翰·湯遜等，當(dāng)年就都曾是海山仙館里的?？褪煊?；他們迷戀這個(gè)“典型的中國園林”，同時(shí)責(zé)無旁貸地權(quán)將這“離奇有趣”且美麗超凡的天堂樂土變成了他們圖文并茂的藝術(shù)珍品傳播到海外世界。

潘仕成平生交游啟遍天下，輕財(cái)好義，樂善好施。早年為京城、廣東等地多次賑濟(jì)捐資，一次竟達(dá)13000兩白銀之多。后來又捐資13500兩搶修廣州貢院，出資為小北門至白云山鋪設(shè)石路等。在督辦沿海七省戰(zhàn)船時(shí)，又不惜重金聘請美國人壬雷斯來華研制水雷，獲道光皇帝嘉獎(jiǎng)。

可惜，這個(gè)名揚(yáng)四海的傳奇之人，后來因鹽業(yè)虧累終至破產(chǎn)，館園及財(cái)產(chǎn)被抄沒入官，官府乃以每張3兩銀發(fā)行彩票招商，中獎(jiǎng)?wù)呖傻么讼蓤@。據(jù)傳，中獎(jiǎng)?wù)呤俏唤虝壬?，后因得此園無用，便拆料變賣。甚至，還有人將“海山仙館”四字拆成“每人出三官食”六字，諷喻潘仕成最后破產(chǎn)的尷尬窘?jīng)r，嗚呼哀哉！

海山仙館，的確未能享有幸存至今的廣東“四大名園”那樣殷福的造化，隨著它的主人潘仕成的家境敗落，而被清政府拍賣，被精俗的庸才之輩肢解另賣，終至灰飛煙滅，消失無跡。誰人能不哀嘆這份豐富歷史文化遺產(chǎn)不幸遭遇呢？

好在今天，為了宏揚(yáng)西關(guān)傳統(tǒng)文化和發(fā)展商貿(mào)旅游事業(yè)，荔灣區(qū)人民政府決定要在荔灣湖公園內(nèi)重建海山仙館，且第一期工程已經(jīng)建造完成。于是，令人神思遐想、仰首祈嘆之人對(duì)“海山仙館”只識(shí)其名、不知其蹤的惆悵與遺憾了。

第二篇：廣東增城小樓仙源導(dǎo)游詞

各位團(tuán)友：

小樓仙源是增城八景之一，今天我們參觀的景點(diǎn)有：歷史悠久的何仙姑家廟、何仙姑紀(jì)念塔、觀音山神仙洞、東南亞藤類之冠的盤龍古藤。另外，在參觀過程中還可以體味一下三個(gè)至今未曾解開的謎：一是為什么何仙姑家廟方圓幾里的井水都略帶咸味，唯獨(dú)仙姑井水清純甘洌？二是為什么仙桃生長在缺土少壤的瓦頂屋脊上，不需澆水施肥，依然枝繁葉茂？三是為什么盤龍古藤找不到根？

大家了解何仙姑其人其事嗎？根據(jù)《全國古今圖書集成仙部》、《中國人名大辭典》、《安慶府志》、《會(huì)仙觀記》、《全唐詩外集》、《辭?！贰ⅰ对龀强h志》等古今書籍都記載：何仙姑，原名何素女，又叫何二娘，增城小樓仙桂村人，生于唐朝開耀二年（682年），自幼性情柔靜，秉承孝道，勤奮讀書，過目能誦，擅長繡織，深受鄰里夸贊。唐景龍?jiān)辏?07年）因反抗父母包辦婚姻，投井后成仙。話說何仙姑在迎親之日驟然不見了，家人驚慌失措，見家井旁遺留素女的繡花鞋，父母深知大事不妙，命人下井打撈，誰知撈不見尸。男家礙于面子，上縣衙打官司，提出不見活人要尸骸的要求。而何仙姑成仙后騰云仙游蒲田（今福建省內(nèi)），獲悉父母受屈，巧逢蒲田縣令即將調(diào)增城赴任，就懇求縣令允許她隨官船返增城為父母沉冤昭雪?？h令答應(yīng)了她的請求，當(dāng)啟航之時(shí)，未見何仙姑到來，但見船舵后方水中，有一女尸逆水追隨而至，尸至增城，果然是何仙姑真身?！澳嫠魇币皇庐?dāng)然難以置信，縣官就署批“升仙得道”了結(jié)此案。

此外還傳說在唐朝玄宗年間，漢鐘離、張果老、曹國舅、鐵拐李、韓湘子和藍(lán)采和等七仙，準(zhǔn)備于三月三赴瑤池，參加一年一度的王母娘娘圣誕，為了湊夠八仙向王母娘娘敬酒，呂洞賓決定下凡遍游天下，最后尋覓超度何仙姑成仙。

何仙姑成仙之事驚動(dòng)了當(dāng)年的唐天后武則天。武則天賜贈(zèng)何仙姑三件寶：一是在其家鄉(xiāng)建祠奉祀；二是賜紫霞一襲；三是在唐天寶十年下旨建一碑以作紀(jì)念。

各位團(tuán)友，何仙姑家廟到了，讓我們一起進(jìn)廟參觀。

【何仙姑家廟前】何仙姑家廟是增城市重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。始建于明朝，因戰(zhàn)亂，屢經(jīng)修建。最后一次重建是清咸豐八年（1858年）。家廟磚石臺(tái)梁式結(jié)構(gòu)，第一、三進(jìn)13架出前廊為封火山墻；第二進(jìn)四柱一間五架拜亭為硬山頂，其正脊和垂脊均有反翹裝飾。大家請留意，廟正面山石門鐫刻的隸書門額：“何仙姑家廟”，為咸豐八年戊午嘉平黃培芳所書，山門鐫刻的行書石對(duì)聯(lián)：“千年履舄遺丹井，百代衣冠拜古祠”，出自當(dāng)年吏官王映門手筆。上聯(lián)中“履”，“舄”二字均指繡花鞋，意思是一千年前何仙姑投井，她的繡花鞋留在井邊的故事。下聯(lián)反映了何仙姑家廟歷史悠久和人們對(duì)何仙姑的崇敬。

現(xiàn)在讓我們?nèi)霃R參觀。恭候大家的是屏風(fēng)上的仙姑彩畫，是廣東著名書法家麥華三和增城著名書畫藝術(shù)家陳水源的聯(lián)作。繞過屏風(fēng)，廟二進(jìn)正堂就是供奉何仙姑的地方。何仙姑像用樟木雕塑而成，高約七十公分，原為唐朝村姑裝束?，F(xiàn)何仙姑身上披的繡花袍由泰國善信贈(zèng)送，頭上的珍珠頭飾為香港善贈(zèng)送。時(shí)代在變，何仙姑也跟上了潮流，但何仙姑的法力不變。在此求簽許愿，都有求必應(yīng)，靈驗(yàn)非常。堂上高掛著林林總總的錦旗是馬來西亞、泰國、日本、新加坡等地善信答謝何仙姑的信物。家廟有兩大節(jié)慶，每逢農(nóng)歷三月初七，仙姑誕；農(nóng)歷八月初八，仙姑得道成仙日，廟內(nèi)的香火盛極一時(shí)。瞻仰完何仙姑像，請大家轉(zhuǎn)身，我們看到的是天花井。

【何仙姑井】天花井又名何仙姑井，是何仙姑投井成仙的地方。井邊的石鞋模型就是當(dāng)年何仙姑投井遺留繡花鞋的地方。那么另外一只鞋去了哪里呢？一說在風(fēng)光秀麗的百花山莊度假村；二是在荔枝生態(tài)主題公園--盈園。井臺(tái)用花崗巖石鑿成八角形狀，上面銘刻“仙源涓涓，飲者萬年”八個(gè)字。古井深達(dá)數(shù)丈，并不為奇，奇的是家廟方圓幾里的井水都略帶成味，唯獨(dú)這里的井水清澈甘例。用井水沏茶，特別香醇清潤，常飲此水能強(qiáng)身健體。

【麻姑仙桃】繞過何仙姑井往右邊走，大家看到瓦背屋脊上這棵桃樹，已有一百多年時(shí)間，人稱“仙桃”。傳說為麻姑獻(xiàn)壽的仙桃。它雖生長在缺土少壤的瓦背屋脊上，而且從不需要施肥淋水，卻依舊枝葉繁茂。傳說曾有三五好事之徒，爬上屋頂，企圖拔掉仙桃，但費(fèi)了九牛二虎之力都沒成功。其中有一個(gè)人因氣憤，折斷了枝葉，結(jié)果此人立刻肚痛不止，最后非得本人在何仙姑像前賠禮道歉，才解除了痛苦。大家可登上梯子觀摩仙桃，但千萬不能以身試犯。何仙姑的靈氣為眾人所折服，吃了仙桃的人更加福壽延年。因此，每顆仙桃價(jià)值連城，許多善信都下重金提前訂購，購得者無不祈求平安順境，延年益壽。

看完仙桃，往里面走，我們看到的分別是三忠寶殿、八仙殿、黃大仙、太上老君堂。為什么家廟有三忠殿呢？

【三忠廟】三忠廟供奉張世杰、文天祥、陸秀夫等三位南宋抗金名將塑像。為什么在這廟建三忠廟呢？三位忠烈繼續(xù)抗敵護(hù)國，其事跡可歌可泣，在嶺南地區(qū)廣為流傳。在此立廟一是緬懷三位忠烈功績；二是激勵(lì)后人繼承先烈遺志。

看完三忠廟，請大家再到東邊樓閣。東邊樓閣上還有何仙姑父親何泰、母親吉氏的塑像以及師傅麻姑的神像，值得一提的是東邊樓閣留有日本鬼子放火燒家廟的痕跡。當(dāng)年，日本鬼子曾在小樓墟一帶肆行無忌，有一天放火燒村，當(dāng)火燒到家廟東西兩堵墻時(shí)，火嘎然熄滅了。氣急敗壞的日本鬼子甚至出動(dòng)飛機(jī)轟炸，投下的炸彈在家廟附近都炸響了，唯獨(dú)落入廟中的炸彈安然無恙。仙姑顯靈，日本鬼子也只有老鼠拉龜。一位日本友人被何仙姑圣靈所震撼，在事隔五十多年后，慕名前來拜何仙姑，還了心愿，并捐資二百萬元，在觀間山上修建了十一層的何仙姑紀(jì)念塔。

【往盤龍古藤】走出何仙姑家廟，大家是否有一種豁然開朗的感覺。現(xiàn)在我們?nèi)⒂^有號(hào)稱東南亞藤類之冠的盤龍古藤。它距離何仙姑家廟大約300米。傳說何仙姑成仙后返回家鄉(xiāng)，在家廟旁的樹林里乘涼。師傅呂洞賓聽聞，欣然赴會(huì)。匆忙間用神仙拐杖叉住了何仙姑的綠絲帶，何仙姑羞羞然掩面飛往天庭。呂洞賓撒手丟掉拐杖，駕起祥云向何仙姑道歉。于是何仙姑的綠絲帶化作大家眼前的盤龍古藤，呂洞賓的神仙拐杖也日久生精，變?yōu)閹卓弥喂盘俚拇髽洹?/p>

大家眼前的古藤已有千年歷史。它是由青藤繞著一棵古榕和幾棵雜樹繁衍而成，因此藤枝交錯(cuò)，分不清藤生樹生。藤根樹頭在哪里？至今仍是個(gè)謎。古藤枝干直徑最粗處約150厘米，延伸跨度30多米，覆蓋面積近500平方米。1986年9月珠海園林學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)邀到這里鑒定，認(rèn)為古藤的學(xué)名為“白花魚藤”，是我國稀有的植物。古藤6月開花，8月結(jié)果，花開季節(jié)，芬芳遍地，香氣襲人，從遠(yuǎn)處看，這株古藤就象白色的巨龍，氣勢更為磅礴。如果大家有興趣，不妨周圍看看，是否找到古藤的“根源”所在。

各位團(tuán)友，小樓仙源的探訪快要結(jié)束了，謝謝大家對(duì)我工作的支持。

第三篇：北京六大景點(diǎn)英文導(dǎo)游詞之十三陵

At a distance of 50 km northwest of Beijing stands an arc-shaped cluster of hills fronted by a small plain.Here is where 13 emperors of the Ming dynasty(1368-1644)were buried, and the area is known as the Ming Tombs.Construction of the tombs started in 1409 and ended with the fall of the Ming Dynasty in 1644.In over 200 years tombs were built over an area of 40 square kilometres, which is surrounded by walls totalling 40 kilometres.Each tomb is located at the foot of a separate hill and is linked with the other tombs by a road called the Sacred Way.The stone archway at the southern end of the Sacred Way, built in 1540, is 14 metres high and 19 metres wide, and is decorated with designs of clouds, waves and divine animals.Beijing served as the national capital during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.Unlike Ming and Qing rulers who all built massive tombs for themselves, Yuan rulers left no similar burial grounds.Why the difference? This has to do with people's different views on death.Beijing nomads came from the Mongolian steppe.Mongols who established the Yuan Dynasty held the belief that they had come from: earth.they adopted a simple funeral method: the dead was placed inside a hollowed nanmu tree, which was then buried under grassland.Growth of grass soon left no traces of the tombs.By contrast, during the Ming Dynasty established by Han Chinese coming from an agricultural society in central China, people believed the existence of an after-world, where the dead “l(fā)ived” a life similar to that of the living.Ming emperor, therefore, has grand mausoleums built for themselves.Qing rulers did likewise.Stone Archway The stone archway at the southern end of the Sacred Way, built in 1540, is 14 metres high and 19 metres wide, and is decorated with designs of clouds, waves and divine animals.Well-proportioned and finely carved, the archway is one of the best preserved specimens of its kink in the Ming Dynasty.It is also the largest ancient stone archway in China.Stele Pavilion The Stele Pavilion, not far from the Great Palace Gate, is actually a pavilion with a double-eaved roof.On the back of the stele is carvedpoetry written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty when he visited the Ming Tombs.Sacred Way The Sacred Way inside the gate of the Ming Tomb is lined with 18 pairs of stone human figures and animals.These include four each of three types of officials: civil, military and meritorious officials, symbolizing those who assist the emperor in the administration of the state, plus four each of six iypes of animals: lion, griffin, camel, elephant, unicorn and horse.Yongling Tomb Yongling, built in 1536, is the tomb for Emperor Shizong, Zhu Houcong(1507-1566).He stayed in power for 45 years.Dingling Tomb The Dingling Tomb is the tomb of Emperor Wanli(reigned 1573-1619), the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty, whose personal name was Zhu Yijun, and of his two empresses, Xiao Duan and Xiao Jing.The tomb was completed in six years(1584-1590), it occupies a total area of 1,195 square meters at the foot of Dayu Mountain southwest of the Changling Tomb.Maoling Tomb Emperor Xianzong, Zhu Jianshen, and his three empresses are entombed within Maoling.Zhu Jianshen(1447-1487)was the first son of Emperor Yingzong.He stayed in power for 22 years.We have covered some of the most significant tombs of the 13 Ming tombs in the tour.If you are also interested in the other tombs, the best way is to come and experience yourself.Changling Tomb Changling is the tomb of emperor Yongle(reigned 1403-1424), the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty whose personal name was Zhu Di, and of his empress.Built in 1413, the mausoleum extends over an area of 100,000 square metres.The soul tower, which tells people whose tomb it is, rests on a circular wall called the “city of treasures” which surrounds the burial mound.The “city of treasures” at Changling has a length of more than a kilometre.Underground Palace The underground palace at Dingling Tomb consists of an antechamber, a ceniral chamber and a rear chamber plus the left and right annexes.One of the pictures shows the central chamber where the sacrificial utensils are on display.Two marble doors are made of single slabs and carved with life-size human figures, flowers and birds.More than 3,000 articles have been unearthed from the tumulus, the most precious being the golden crowns of the emperor and his queen.

第四篇：北京六大景點(diǎn)英文導(dǎo)游詞之頤和園

the tour will take 4-6 hours.the route is as follows: out side the east gate-side the east gate ¨Cin front of the hall of benevolence and longevity-in front of garden of virtuous harmony-in front of the grand theater building-a lakeside walk from the garden of virtuous harmony to the hall o jade ripples-in front of the o jade ripples-in front of the yiyunguan(chamber of mortal being)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(chamber of mortal beings)-hall of happiness and longevity-in front of the yaoyue(inviting the moon)gate of the long corridor-strolling along the long corridor-visiting an exhibition of cultural relics-in front of the hall of dispelling clouds-inside the hall of dispelling clouds-atop the tower of buddhist incense-on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense-on a hilltop leading from the back door of the tower of buddhist incense-inside the garden of harmonious interest ¨Coutside the south gate to suzhou shopping street-atop the stone bridge inside the suzhou shopping street ¨Con the road from the south gate of suzhou shopping street-on the road form the south gate of suzhou shopping street to the marble boat-in front of the ruins of the garden of complete spring ¨Calong the lakeside by the marble boat-boating on the kunming lake-leaving out through the east gate.(out side the east gate)ladies and gentlemen: welcome to the summer palace.(after the self-introduction of the guide-interpreter)i hope this will be an interesting and enjoyable day for you.during our tour, you will be introduced to time honored historical and cultural traditions, as well as picturesque views and landscapes.the construction of the summer palace first started in 1750.at that time, the qing dynasty was in its heyday and china was a powerful asian country with vast territories.the monarch in power then was emperor qianlong.with supreme power and large sums of money, he summoned skillful and ingenious artisans from all over the country to carry out this construction work in honor of his mother `s birthday.after 15 years and one seventh of the nation` s annual revenue spent, the garden of clear ripples was completed and served as a testimony to china` s scientific and technological achievements.in 1860, this vast royal garden was burnt down along with the yuanming yuan(garden of perfection and brightness)by angol-french allied forces.in 1888, empress dowager cixi reconstructed the garden on the same site and renamed it the garden of nurtured harmony(summer palace).characterized by its vast scope and rich cultural embodiments, the summer palace has become one of the most famous tourist sites in the world.this is the main entrance to the summer palace-the east gate on top of the eaves of the door there is a plaque bearing a chinese inscription which means ?°garden of nurtured harmony?± , whose calligrapher was emperor guangxu.the gate that you are now entering was used exclusively by the emperor, the empress and the queer mother.all others used the side doors.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

第五篇：北京六大景點(diǎn)英文導(dǎo)游詞之天壇

Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome to the temple of Heaven.(After self-introduction)preserved cultural heritages of China.There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad.All in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year.Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter.It will take roughly one hour.Mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven ,the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest.But why ? The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind ,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature.In those days, there were specfic rites of worship.This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty.Situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares.To better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square.The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one.The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices.The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls ,each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether.Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other.This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.On the day of the ceremony ,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs.He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.(Atop the Circular Mound Alter)we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace.Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps.At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone.The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second ,18, up to 81 in the 9th ring.Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9.But why? According to ancient Chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors.Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin.Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man.What is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.Once more look at the round stone in the center.The upper terrace is nine zhang(a Chinese unit of length, one zhang equals 3.3 meters)in circumference ,while the middle is 15 zhang, the lower, 21 zhang.Classified as yang numbers, the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success.What is more, by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples, the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized.The concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.Now I will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the Inter Solstice.The memorial tablet dedicated to Heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace, while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks.The service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning.All of the lanterns would be lit.In the foreground, a sacrificial calf is being barbecued.On the square in front of the altar, the emperor, under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers, princes of royal blood ,musicians, dancers and uniformed soldiers, would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of Heaven.When the service drew to a close ,the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated.All of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing God off.Music and dancing would follow.In the end ,the emperor would return to the Forbidden City secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by Heaven until the next winter Solstice.It is interesting to note that ,the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ,since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer.The stone ,which is known as the God`s heart Stone, is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder, thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service.You can try this out by yourself.(Proceed northward to pass through the Lattice StarGate)(In front of the Gate of glazed tiles)this structure is known as Heaven` s Storehouse.It is entered through the Gate of glazed Tiles.The roofing ,beams, and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks.This is the only structure of its kind in china today.the Heaven` s Storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept.Douglas Hurd, a former British foreigh secretary ,once said , ?°God attends to His affairs on the Cir4cular Mound Altar but stays here.?± Now let` s go in to to see it(Go through the left side door)(In the courtyard of Heaven` s Storehouse)this is the Imperial Vault of Heaven, the main structure of Heaven` s Storehouse.It was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter.The structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ,and carved wooden doors and windows.It is decorated with colored paintings.Founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ,the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance..The ramp is carved in ?°Two dragons Playing with a pearl ?± design in relief.We will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.(On the marble terrace of the main hall)the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings.On top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ,or covered ceiling.The ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design.The 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.To the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal.Atop it ,up a wooden flight of 9 steps, is where the major tablet dedicate to Heaven was enshrined.On each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the Qing emperors.In the annex halls in the courtyard, there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun, moon ,constellation, cloud ,rain, wind and thunder.(Echo Wall and Triple ¨Csound Stones)Aside from exquisitely laid out architectures, Heaven` s Storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features, i.E.the Echo Wall and the Triple-Sound Stone.A mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side, although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart.This is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ,solid bricks.In front of the steps leading away from the halls is the Triple Sound Stone.If you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands, the sound will echo once;on the second stone, the sound will be heard twice;and on the third stone, the sound will repeat three times.Hence the name.(Go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path northward)(Nine-Dragon Cypress)the Temple of Heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60,000 cypress trees in all ,among which over 4,000 are more than one hundred years old ,adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple.This tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago.Its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons;thus it is known as the Nine-Dragon cypress.It is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs.Now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.(In the south of Chengzhen Gate)now we are back again on the Central Axis.This brick-arched gate is known as Chengzhen(Adopting Fidelity).This gate is the northern gate of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest.The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis.It was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.(On the Red Stairway Bridge)entering the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest, we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long, which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall.This broad north-south walkway, called Danbiqiao(Red Stairway bridge), connects the two sets of main building in the Temple of Heaven and constitutes a single axis.The passage is divided into left, control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs.The central and the widest path is known as Heavenly Thoroughfare , which was reserved exclusively for God;nobody, including the emperor, was allowed to set foot onto it.The emperor used the path on the east ,which is known as the Imperial Walk.The ministers and princes used the one on the west.Interesting enough ,there is no walkway left for ordinary people.This is because the Temple of Heaven used to be off-limits to them.Contrary to appearances, this walkway is not a bridge at all.But how so ? This road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep.The cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice.All in all ,it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in Beijing.Looking back at the thoroughfare, you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end.As people approach the architectural group of the Hall of Prayer for good Harvest, the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens.Here you are in Heaven.(Costume-Changing Terrace)the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai, or CostumeChanging Terrace.It is located to the east of the Red Stairway Bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters.IT has marble Slab balustrades.The day before the service ,officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes.After the service, the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace.(Proceed to the South Gate of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)(At the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest)this structure is called the Gate of Pray for Good Harvest.We can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ,the Hall of Prayer for Good harvest, though the colonnade of the Gate.A gigantic and lofty group of buildings, the complex includes the Gate of Prayer for Good Harvest, the hall of prayer for good harvest, eastern and western annex halls ,the Huanqian(Imperial heaven)Long corridor, Heaven Kitchen, slaughterhouse, etc.the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ,to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall.This unique building ,38 meters in height, is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball.The roofing is made of blue glazed tiles, the color of the sky.Underneath the roof, the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings.The base of the structure is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace.At a distance, the terrace looks like a gigantic, spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it.Today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of Beijing, which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.(At the base of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest)The base of the hall is a triple-tiered, circular marble terrace, which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ,covering a space of 4,000 square meters.Meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure.In the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs, there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud, dragon and phoenix designs.To set off the ramps, the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls.In southern part of each tier, a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed.Sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.(In front of the hall of Prayer for good harvest)climbing up this marble terrace, we see the main hall ,a masterpiece of ancient China.Looking up you will see the caisson, or covered ceiling, characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes.In and out , the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.Without the use of steel ,cement and nail, and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams, the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars, laths, joints and rafters.The four central pillars, called the dragon-Well Pillars, are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers, representing the four season.There are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each.The inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night.Between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the Chinese lunar year.The pillars, 28 in number, also represent the 28 constellations in the universe-the ancient Chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.The center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab, which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter.Interestingly, the slab features natural black and white veins, corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling.This particular slab is known as the Dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.The furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when Emperor Xianfeng ruled.In the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of Heaven.On either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed.Each tablet is fronted by an altar.A total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ,including soup, wine, assorted cereals, and a calf.The sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning, sometime in the first month of the Chinese lunar year.Because it was still dark, candles, lanterns and torches were lit.This lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ,helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.By the time the service began,207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall.The emperor, in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity, would walk slowly into the hall, kowtow, and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors.All of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for Good Harvest.With this we conclude our visit to the Temper of Heaven.The feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history.However, this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient Chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.(On the Long Corridor)From the Eastern Gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest, we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor.Consisting of 72 sections, this corridor served as a connecting building between the Slaughterhouse.Heaven Kitchen, and the main hall ,It is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line.Flanking the corridor are shopping stalls.You may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.Well ,that is all for this tour.Thank you for your attention.I look forward to your next visit.Good luck and bon voyage.