第一篇：2011年高考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)及精品練習(xí)題詳解
2011年高考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)及精品練習(xí)題(十四)
2011-03-23 13:55:32| 分類： 高考 |字號(hào)大中小 訂閱
2011年高考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)及精品練習(xí)題(十四)
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1.The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.A.which was
B.it was C.which were
D.them were 【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語(yǔ)?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘荂，around which were high mountains 是一個(gè)由“介詞+which”引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 high mountains，around which 是表語(yǔ)，所以句子謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was。請(qǐng)做以下類例題目（答案均為C）：
(1)Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.A.which is
B.it is C.which are
D.them are(2)The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.A.which are
B.it is C.which is
D.them are(3)Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A.which are
B.it is C.which is
D.them are 2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A.that
B.which C.where
D.what 【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語(yǔ)。
【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語(yǔ)法分析并不算錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒(méi)有這樣一個(gè)醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語(yǔ)境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒(méi)有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？
3._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It
B.As C.That
D.What 【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)。
【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。比較下面一題： _______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It
B.As C.That
D.What 此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的 that 從句。再比較下面一組題，其中第(1)題選 B，第(2)題選 D：(1)______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which
B.As C.That
D.It(2)______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which
B.As C.That
D.It 4.David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.A.that
B.who
C.as
D.whom 【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查such … that …句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。
【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因?yàn)樵趕uch … that …(如此……以至……)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的動(dòng)詞 like 缺賓語(yǔ)。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時(shí) as 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞 like 的賓語(yǔ)，句意為“所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩”。有的同學(xué)可能還會(huì)問(wèn)，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而不用that。比較下面一題，答案為A，因?yàn)?like 后有自己的賓語(yǔ) him：
David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.A.that
B.who
C.as
D.whom 請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}（答案選D）：
It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.A.like
B.that C.which
D.as 5.The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.that
B.it C.them
D.which 【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses。
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 the buses。類似地，以下各題也選D：
(1)His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A.that
B.it C.them
D.which(2)Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.A.that
B.it C.them
D.which(3)This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.A.that
B.it C.them
D.which 類似地，以下各題選 whom，不選 them：(4)George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A.that
B.him C.them
D.whom(5)Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A.that
B.who C.them
D.whom(6)I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.A.that
B.who C.them
D.whom 6.He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.A.whom
B.them C.which
D.who 【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students。
【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。假若在many of… 的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B。比較以下各題(答案均選A)：
(1)He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.A.which
B.them C.what
D.that(2)He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.A.them
B.which C.what
D.that(3)He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A.whom
B.them C.which
D.who(4)He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A.them
B.whom C.which
D.who 7.He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.A.whom
B.them C.which
D.who 【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 invited 并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動(dòng)詞 were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，答案便應(yīng)選A。比較：
(1)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.A.which
B.them C.what
D.that 答案選B，none of them carried out in their work 是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的 carried out 為過(guò)去分詞。
(2)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.A.which
B.them C.what
D.that 答案選A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，注意與上例比較句中多了一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞were。
(3)They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.A.which
B.them C.what
D.that 答案選B，由于兩句之間增加了一個(gè)并列連詞but，使得該句成了一個(gè)并列句。8.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 【陷阱】容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
【分析】最佳答案是A。與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 seated 不是謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，因?yàn)?seat 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。比較以下相似題：
(1)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 選B。whose parents were seated together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)槠浜笥型暾闹^語(yǔ) were seated。
(2)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 選A。因?yàn)榫渲杏胁⒘羞B詞and，整個(gè)句子為并列句。
(3)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 選A。their parents sitting together joking 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
(4)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 選B。whose parents sat together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語(yǔ) sat。
(5)On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.A.their
B.whose C.which
D.that 選B。whose parents were sitting together joking 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)榫渲杏型暾闹^語(yǔ) were sitting。9.If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.A.as
B.which C.what
D.that 【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號(hào)前是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，逗號(hào)后是該狀語(yǔ)從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語(yǔ)。類似地，下面幾道題也選 that，而不選 which：
(1)If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.A.as
B.which C.and it
D.that(2)If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.A.as
B.which C.what
D.that(3)Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.A.that
B.which C.and it
D.so(4)When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.A.as
B.which C.what
D.that 10.She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.A.which
B.when C.how
D.where 【陷阱】容易誤選B，機(jī)械地認(rèn)為時(shí)間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點(diǎn)名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where。
【分析】正確答案為A。在時(shí)間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，若用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動(dòng)詞 spent 缺賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that。比較下面一題，由于空格后的句子不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，所以選關(guān)系副詞when：
She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.A.which
B.when C.how
D.where 請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆唤M試題(答案均選A)：
(1)Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.A.which
B.when C.how
D.where 選A，which 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞 bought 的賓語(yǔ)。
(2)Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.A.which
B.when C.how
D.where 選A，which 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作主語(yǔ)。
(3)Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.A.where
B.when C.that
D.which 選A，where 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作狀語(yǔ)。◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆
1.All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _______ in the forest.A.once they grew
B.they grew once C.they once grew
D.once grew 2.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _____ many people have gone home.A.that
B.which C.whose time
D.by which time 3.Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A.he explained
B.what he explained C.how he explained
D.why he explained 4.Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.A.it
B.that C.this
D.which 5.When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _____ efforts he still suffers.A.which
B.that C.whose
D.what 6.It’s said that he’s looking for a new job, one ______ he can get more money to support his family.A.when
B.where C.that
D.which 7.We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.A.which
B.that C.whose
D.when 8.The little time we have together we’ll try _____ wisely.A.spending it
B.to spend it C.to spend
D.spending that 9.The old building, behind _______ was a famous church, was _______ we used to work.A.that, the place
B.it, the place C.which, where
D.what, where 10.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _______ other visitors seldom go.A.what
B.which C.where
D.when 11.The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, ______ the country became united.A.when
B.if C.since
D.until 12.All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.A.once they grew
B.they grew once C.that once grew
D.once grew 13.You could see the runners very well from ______ we stood.A.which
B.where C.that
D.when 14.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.A.which price
B.the price of which C.its price
D.the price of whose 15.What have you got _____ will help a cold? A.what
B.that C.it
D.who 16.He was very angry and I can still remember the way _____ he spoke to me.A.how
B.that C.what
D.which 17.Do you know the man from ________ house the pictures were stolen? A.which
B.that C.what
D.whose 18.I can think of many cases _______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.A.why
B.which C.as
D.where 19.Is this all that you need? If you married me, I’d give you everything you _____.A.want
B.wanted C.had wanted
D.are wanting 20.I met the teacher in the street yesterday ________ taught me English three years ago.A.which
B.when C.where
D.who 21.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where
B.which C.while
D.why 22.He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science.A.which I think is
B.which I think it is C.which I think it
D.I think is 23.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.A.who
B.which C.this
D.what 24.Their problem today is somewhat similar to _____ they faced many years ago.A.that
B.which C.that which
D.it 25.I saw some trees the leaves of _____ were black with disease.A.that
B.which C.it
D.what 26.The famous basketballer, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.A.where
B.when C.which
D.who 27.When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the girl brought out a cheaper one, _______ she had arranged with James.A.the which was what
B.what was that C.which was what
D.that was that
【答案與解析】
1.選 C。先行詞是 those，可視為 those flowers 之省略。they once grew 前省略了關(guān)系代詞 which。全句意為：這兒所養(yǎng)的花是由他們?cè)谏掷锓N植的花培養(yǎng)出來(lái)的。
2.選D。by which time 引出的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其中 by which time 相當(dāng)于 and by that time。
3.選 A。注意不能選 D，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞 explained 缺賓語(yǔ)。4.選 D。which 指 the road map。
5.選C。from whose efforts he still suffers 為修飾 a serious illness 的定語(yǔ)從句，whose 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作定語(yǔ)，修飾 efforts。
6.選B。where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 one。注：one 在此指 a new job。類似地，下面一題的答案是C，因?yàn)閛ne that 相當(dāng)于 a problem that：
The problem is _____ has caused us a lot of trouble.A.one
B.that C.one that
D.that one 7.選 D。先行詞是表時(shí)間的 age(時(shí)代)，由于關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故用 when。8.選C。該句的正常詞序?yàn)?We will try to spend the little time we have together wisely.9.選C。第一空填 which，指 the old building；第二空填 where，用以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。10.選 C。先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞 places，由于關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故用 where。11.選A。when 引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
12.選C。that once grew in the forest 為修飾 those 的定語(yǔ)從句。13.選B。where 在此相當(dāng)于 the place where。
14.選 B。the price of which was very reasonable 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其中的 the price of which 相當(dāng)于 and its price 或 and the price of it。假若空格前有并列連詞 and，則可選 C。
15.選B。that will help a cold 為修飾 what 的定語(yǔ)從句。比較：Have you got anything that will help a cold? 以及 I’ve got nothing that will help a cold.16.選B。the way 后不接how 引導(dǎo)的從句，換句說(shuō)，how 不是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。以the way 為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句通常用 that 或 in which 來(lái)引導(dǎo)，在非正式文體中也可省略 that 和 in which。
17.選D。from whose house the pictures were stolen 為修飾 the man 的定語(yǔ)從句，whose 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作定語(yǔ)，修飾 house。
18.選 D。先行詞是 many cases，關(guān)系副詞 where =in which。
19.選A。盡管句中用了 if you married me, I’d give you everything 這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子，但修飾everything 的定語(yǔ)從句(that)you want 卻要用陳述語(yǔ)語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)樗腔卮鹎懊?Is this all that you need? 這一提問(wèn)的。
20.選 D。因定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，且關(guān)系代詞指人，故選D。21.選A。where 所引導(dǎo)的為修飾 a dangerous situation 的定語(yǔ)從句。22.選 A。選項(xiàng)中的 I think 是插入語(yǔ)，若略去不看便可清楚地看出答案。23.選 B。of course 為插入語(yǔ)，若將項(xiàng)其去掉，則答案顯然是B。24.選C。that which相當(dāng)于 the problem which。25.選B。the leaves of which 相當(dāng)于 whose leaves。
26.選 D。先行詞是 The famous basketballer(著名的籃球明星)，故要用 who 來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)槠溆嗳?xiàng)均不用于指人。
27.選 C。which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其中 which 指代 a cheaper one，且在定語(yǔ)從句中用作主語(yǔ)。which was what 中的 what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，它相當(dāng)于 the one that。
第二篇：定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題
定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定，就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作定語(yǔ)的情況，它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即先行詞)之后。
定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語(yǔ)從句句首。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見(jiàn)你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))2)Whose 用來(lái)指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。3)which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1)when, where,why 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例 如: There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎? 2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從 句，在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略)，例如: His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過(guò)的地方。
判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:(錯(cuò))This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(錯(cuò))I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(對(duì))This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.(對(duì))I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。例如:(對(duì))Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?(對(duì))Is this the museum where the exhibition was held? 從句結(jié)構(gòu)
定語(yǔ)從句公式：定語(yǔ)從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句 先行詞：指被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用: ①連接作用，連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句。②指代先行詞。
③在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。
注:關(guān)系代詞有主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)之分。一般who做主語(yǔ)或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(yǔ)(whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略)，whose作為定語(yǔ)(whose不可省略)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(where)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(when)，原因狀語(yǔ)(why)。
關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1、who, which, that 限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞 作主語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)、作定語(yǔ)
指人：who/that、whom/that(可省略)、whose 指物：which/that、which/that(可省略)、whose 指人和物 ：that 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞：作主語(yǔ)、作賓語(yǔ)、作定語(yǔ) 指人：who、whom、whose/of whom 指物：which、which、whose/of which 特殊情況: 只能用that的情況：
先行詞為everything，all，little，much等不定代詞時(shí);先行詞被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修飾時(shí);先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last修飾時(shí);先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);先行詞是be的表語(yǔ)或there be 的主語(yǔ)時(shí);先行詞有人又有物時(shí);當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。
不能用that的情況 介詞前置時(shí);非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中 先行詞本身是that
多用who，不用that的情況 先行詞為anyone，one，ones時(shí);先行詞為those，he和people時(shí);這些詞代替指人，whom在定語(yǔ)從句中指人，“who”和“that”既可作主語(yǔ)又可作賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可以省略,who作賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)閣hom)，that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物。在從句中所起作用如下:(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見(jiàn)你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))(2)He is the man(whom/that)I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher.剛剛和你說(shuō)話的那個(gè)男人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。(whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ))注:who在定語(yǔ)從句中指人，作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略;做及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，可省略。
2,which，that 用來(lái)指物(有六種情況只可用that而不用which)(用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略)，例如:(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))(2)The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開(kāi)了。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))注:which在定語(yǔ)從句中指物，可作主語(yǔ)或及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略;that在定語(yǔ)從句中既可指人又可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom，指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不可提到that前，當(dāng)介詞提前時(shí)，需要用which或whom來(lái)代替。
2、whose(只用作定語(yǔ))“whose”表示誰(shuí)(可以為人也可以為物)的(東西)例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.雙親都死了的孩子叫做孤兒。(“whose parents”表示那個(gè)孩子的雙親)He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那個(gè)房子的窗戶是朝南的。(“whose”表示那個(gè)房子的窗戶)關(guān)系代詞:在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。
1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，“which”代表事物;它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省略“that”在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，“which”在從句省略。[eg:This is the book(which)you want.] 2.如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ)，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前面，但有的則放在它前面的位置。
3.代表物時(shí)的that常被省略;c)被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);既有人又有物時(shí);e)整個(gè)句中前面已有“which”，“why”時(shí)
關(guān)系副詞
關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ) 關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞 why=for which where=in/ at/ on which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/ on/ in/……
1.“where”是關(guān)系副詞，當(dāng)然也不用“that”引導(dǎo)。
By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.當(dāng)你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。I still remember the place where I met her for the first time.我仍然記得我第一次見(jiàn)到她的地方。
Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc.他每次出差都帶著生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他東西。
2.當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí)，常用“there is”開(kāi)頭。There is somebody here who wants to talk to you.這里有人要和你說(shuō)話。
分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。
1、why 關(guān)系副詞why主要用于修飾表原因的名詞(主要是the reason)，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作原因狀語(yǔ)。如: We don't know the reason why he didn't show up.我們不知道他為什么沒(méi)有來(lái)。She didn't tell me the reason why she refused the offer.她沒(méi)跟我講她拒絕這項(xiàng)工作的原因。
與關(guān)系副詞when和where不同，why可以換成that或省略。如: That's one of the reasons(why, that)I asked you to come.這就是我請(qǐng)你來(lái)的原因之一。
另外，與關(guān)系副詞when和where可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不一樣，why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如: 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。
誤:The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
2、when 關(guān)系副詞when主要用于修飾表時(shí)間的名詞，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如: There comes a time when you have to make a choice.你必須作出抉擇的時(shí)候到了。
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.他們?yōu)樗麨榈娜兆右蝗ゲ粡?fù)返了。
We'll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.我們將把野餐推遲到下星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。
注意不要一見(jiàn)到先行詞為時(shí)間名詞，就以為一定要用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)還要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分--如果在定語(yǔ)從句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，就用when;如果在定語(yǔ)從句中不是用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而是用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，那就不能用when，而要用that, which等。如: Don't forget the time(that, which)I've told you.不要忘記我告訴你的時(shí)間。
關(guān)系代詞that / which在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞told的賓語(yǔ)，正因?yàn)槭怯米髻e語(yǔ)，所以也可以省略。
3、where 關(guān)系副詞where主要用于修飾表地點(diǎn)的名詞，同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如: This is the village where he was born.這就是他出生的村子。That's the hotel where we were staying last summer.這就是我們?nèi)ツ晗奶熳〉穆灭^。
Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奧伯里工作，每天得坐公共汽車去上班。
與前面when的情況一樣，注意不要一見(jiàn)到先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞，就以為一定要用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)還要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分--如果在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，就用where;如果在定語(yǔ)從句中不是用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，而是用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如: He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets.他在一家電視機(jī)廠工作。限定性 限定性定語(yǔ)從句 意義: 限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整，例如I met some one who said he knows you.在引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which,at which,for which或on which(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人們對(duì)白日做夢(mèng)的態(tài)度正在改變，這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處。(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike it.我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂(lè)，而他恰恰與我相反。(3)We arrived the day that(on which)they left.剛好我們到的那天他們走了。
在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。(1)The book(that/ which)I am reading is very interesting.我在讀的書(shū)很有趣。(2)Is there anything(that)you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎? 非限定性 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 意義: 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的前面往往有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，如(1)The house,which I bought has a lovely garden.我買的房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。
(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)三遍的小說(shuō)很感人。
1.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句可將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如:(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
(2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。
2.在非限定定語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞，若as在從句中作主語(yǔ)，其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。例如:(1)The boy has as much progress as we had expected.正像我們所預(yù)料的那樣，這個(gè)男孩取得了大的進(jìn)步。
(2)As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history.每個(gè)人都知道，中國(guó)是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國(guó)家。3.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用從句做主語(yǔ)
(1)The boys，who are playing football，are from Class One.在踢足球的男孩們是一班的。
(2)I helped an old man，who lost his way，yesterday.昨天，我?guī)椭艘粋€(gè)迷路的老人。關(guān)系
一、先行詞和關(guān)系詞
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(“what”可以用“all that”代替)但這兩句句子已經(jīng)不是定語(yǔ)從句了，是名詞性從句。因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句一定要有先行詞，而名詞性從句沒(méi)有。將“Whoever”、“what”分別用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞分別是“Anyone”、“all”。
Alice received an invitation from her boss,______ came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he 答案C。
a選項(xiàng)it，使前后成為兩個(gè)句子，中間無(wú)連詞連接，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤;b項(xiàng)that，此為非限定性從句，不能用“that”修飾;c選項(xiàng)which，which在從句中做主語(yǔ)，用來(lái)代指前面的這件事;d選項(xiàng)he;前半句中是her boss，所以不正確。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 答案B A選項(xiàng)不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，C選項(xiàng)只能引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而D選項(xiàng)習(xí)慣上并不適用。3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.A.that B.which C.as D.it 答案B “as”和“which”在引導(dǎo)非限賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn):(1)importance to me, as my own is.在一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境里，有些名詞可以具有形容詞的性質(zhì)。這些名詞主要是那些表示人的身份、職業(yè)、狀態(tài)的名詞。值得一提的是，在這些具有形容詞性質(zhì)的名詞之后，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不能用“who / whom”。
(2)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)先行成分。
這種動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，它們?cè)趶木渲芯鸵话阌邢薅ɑ蚍窍薅ㄐ问降奶娲鷦?dòng)詞“do”和“as / which”一起代替。“do”可以出現(xiàn)，也可以不出現(xiàn)，但不能用其它動(dòng)詞代替。
(3)句子作先行成分。
這句子可以是整個(gè)主句也可以只是主句中的一個(gè)從句。有時(shí)是連續(xù)幾個(gè)句子，有時(shí)甚至可以是一個(gè)完整的故事。
二、“as/which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置。
由于先行成分的構(gòu)成成分“特殊定語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置有以下幾種情況: 1.形容詞作先行成分時(shí):形容詞的”which“特殊定語(yǔ)從句置于先行成分之后。2.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作先行成分時(shí)，”as / which“特殊定語(yǔ)從句置于先行成分之后。但是，當(dāng)從句中含有表示主觀意志的插入成分時(shí)，”as“特殊。3.句子作先行成分時(shí):”as“特殊定語(yǔ)從句的位置較靈活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引語(yǔ)，”as“特殊定語(yǔ)從句與否定詞的相對(duì)中則常用一些表示”合乎自然規(guī)律“、”眾所周知“或”經(jīng)常發(fā)生“等意義的詞語(yǔ)，如natural, known to all, usual等。4.有無(wú)狀語(yǔ)意要是方式狀語(yǔ)意義，而”which“特殊定語(yǔ)從句則無(wú)狀語(yǔ)意義?！盿s“特殊定
四、關(guān)系代詞”as“與”which“一詞。如: Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.1).”Which“作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不限，主動(dòng)被動(dòng)皆可，只是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)助動(dòng)詞”be“省略。
2).”as“和”which“都可以在特殊定語(yǔ)從句中賓語(yǔ)。3).”as“和”which“在特殊從句中作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如: We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.”as“特殊定語(yǔ)從句中可以主謂倒裝，”which“從句中則不能主謂倒裝。如果先行成分不是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用”which“而不用”as“。如: He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.5.”as“用法: 1).”as“引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句 a.”such....as“ He is not such a fool as he looks.I have never heard such a story as he tells.b.”the same....as“ This is the same book as I lost last week.(區(qū)分”the same...as“與”the same....that“:兩者都引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。that從句中說(shuō)明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一個(gè)。as從句中說(shuō)明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個(gè)。舉例:①This is the same pen that I lost.這支鋼筆就是我丟的那一支。②This is the same pen as I lost.這支鋼筆跟我丟的那支筆一模一樣。)c.”as...as“ As many children as came were given some cakes.2).”as“引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 常用句式:as is said above 綜上所述 as is known to all 眾所周知 as is often the case 通常如此
as is reported in the newspaper 如報(bào)紙所報(bào)道的 6.”which“在特殊從定法(1)不用that的情況
(a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。
(c)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(b)介詞后能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用”that“引導(dǎo):如先行詞被”last,just“修飾時(shí)，只用”that“。(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)容詞，又有人和物時(shí)。
(f)先行詞指物，在主句中作是”the way“或”the reason“時(shí)，”that“可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略。
(h)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞”who /which“時(shí)，避免重復(fù)要用”that“.舉例: Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 這是你在圖書(shū)館借的書(shū)嗎? Who that break the window should be punished.誰(shuí)打碎了窗戶誰(shuí)該受罰。All that needed is a supply of oil.所需的是石油供應(yīng)。
The thief gave out everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。定語(yǔ)從句只能”that“引導(dǎo)的情況:
1、先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾。
This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.2、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。
The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.3、先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如”all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something“ This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.4.、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
5、先行詞被”only“、”the every“、”no“、”one of“、”the right“、”the same“等修飾
He is the only person that l want to talk to.6、在以”which“、”who“、”whom“ 引起的問(wèn)句中，為避免重復(fù)，常用”that“ Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
7、”there be“句型中
8、先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身作從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)宜用”that“ ”that“在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(五)區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句
1、定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系;同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系。(1)The boy who is playing football is my classmate.(定語(yǔ)從句)
2、定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代for advice.(3)The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the moon moves around the earth.(這是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句!)(六)特殊的定語(yǔ)從句 1)but也可用作關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，意思接近于that(who).....not(這種用法已經(jīng)有些陳舊)There is no tree but bears some fruit.沒(méi)有不結(jié)果實(shí)的樹(shù)。
There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不佩服他的才華。Surely there isn't a mother but faces this problem.可以肯定，凡是母親都面臨著這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
2)whereby,wherein,whereupon也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于by which,in which,upon/on which.這種用法已經(jīng)有些陳舊，且僅用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。
[定語(yǔ)從句]介詞+關(guān)系詞
1)介詞后面的關(guān)系副詞不能省略。2)”that“前不能有介詞。
3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的”介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞”when“和”where“互換。例如: This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
二、介詞與關(guān)系代詞 ”介詞+關(guān)系代詞“的結(jié)構(gòu) 1.”介詞+ which“在關(guān)系分句中分別可作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。如: ①I still remember the day on which(= when)I first came to school.我仍然記得初來(lái)學(xué)校的那一天。
②The factory in which(= where)I work is a large one.我工作的工廠是一個(gè)大廠子。
2.”介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)“在關(guān)系分句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，表示存在關(guān)系，關(guān)系分句主謂常須倒裝。如: ①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.他們來(lái)到一處農(nóng)舍，前邊坐著一個(gè)小男孩。
②I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看見(jiàn)一個(gè)人，他的頭上有一只鳥(niǎo)。
3.”不定代詞或數(shù)詞+ of + which(指物)/whom(指人)“在關(guān)系分句中作主語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明整體中的一部分。如: ①China has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu.中國(guó)有許多島嶼，其中之一是釣魚(yú)島。
②There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film.這里有許多學(xué)生，他們之中無(wú)人喜歡這部電影。
4.”介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)“在關(guān)系分句中作目的、方式或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如: ①Could you tell me for whom you've bought this coat? 你能告訴我這件衣服是給誰(shuí)買的嗎? ②The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.這人是一位工程師，我是從他那里得到這個(gè)消息的。
5.”介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)“用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系分句中，作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如: ①The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.傷害羊的那只狼被打死了。
②The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是一個(gè)好獵手。
6.”名詞+ of which“代替”whose +名詞“在關(guān)系分句中作定語(yǔ)。如: ①I saw some trees, the leaves of which(= whose leaves)were black with disease.我看見(jiàn)一些樹(shù)，它們的葉子因害病而發(fā)黑。
②He mentioned a book, the title of which(= whose title)I've forgotten.他提到一本書(shū)，書(shū)名我忘了。
7.”介詞+ which(指物)/whose(指人)“修飾后邊的名詞。如: ①It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在這期間輪船撞碎了。
②The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司機(jī)就是那個(gè)男人，她從他的房間偷走地圖。
8.”介詞+ which +不定式“。此種用法多見(jiàn)于正文體中，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句。如: She had only 1.87 with which to buy(= she could buy)Jim, her husband, a present.她只有一元八角七分錢，用這些錢她給丈夫吉姆買一件禮物。
三、介詞的正確選擇
1.根據(jù)后面動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。如: ①This is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class.(speak of 意為”談?wù)摗?，相?dāng)于talk about)②The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair.(be / feel proud of 為固定短語(yǔ)，意為”以……自豪“。)2.根據(jù)前面的名詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。如: ①I'll never forget the day on which I first met him.(表示具體的某一天，介詞用on)②The boy pointed to the direction in which he would run.(”朝……方向“，介詞用in)3.有時(shí)需同時(shí)考慮動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及介詞和名詞的搭配關(guān)系。如: The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.三、介詞和關(guān)系代詞
1)介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。
2)”that“前”Do you“作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且可以省略。
例如:(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.”that/which“可以省略。= The school in which he once studied is very famous.”which“不可省略。(2)含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如:look for, look after, take care of等。T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T=正確)F This is the watch for which I am looking.(F=錯(cuò)誤)2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用”whom“，不可用”who“或者”that“;指物時(shí)用”which“，不能用”that“;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用”whose“(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)The man famous.(2)I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.四、關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(一般情況下)”that“可用在從句做主語(yǔ)，謂動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，但是不能做介詞的賓語(yǔ)。”which“指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ);”whom“在從句中作賓語(yǔ);”why“在從句中修語(yǔ)，先行詞通常是”the reason“;有時(shí)”why“也可用”for+which“代替。
例:A doctor who looks after people's health.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 先行詞 定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞
五、判斷介詞和關(guān)系代詞方法一 : 用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:不及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞;而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)，則要求用關(guān)系代詞。
例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.判斷改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò))This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(錯(cuò))I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(對(duì))This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.(對(duì))I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.例.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?A.where B.that C.on which D.the one,解析: 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(”where“地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，”when“時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，”why"原因狀語(yǔ))。從句區(qū)別
限定性從句和非限定性從句的區(qū)別
(1)從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)看，限定性從句不能用逗號(hào)與先行詞分開(kāi);而非限定性從句卻必須用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。引導(dǎo)非限定性從句的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。例如: The clock，which my great-grandfather bought,is still in good order.這時(shí)鐘是我曾祖父買的，現(xiàn) 在還是走得很準(zhǔn)。
(2)兩種形容詞性從句往往賦予同一個(gè)先行詞以不同的含義。例如: My sister who lives in London is a doctor.我住在倫敦的妹妹是醫(yī)生。
My sister,who lives in London,is a doctor.我的妹妹是一個(gè)醫(yī)生，她住在倫敦。
(3)非限定性從句可以把整個(gè)主句當(dāng)作先行詞，而限定性從句沒(méi)有這種功能。非限定性從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí)，只能用which或as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如: I said nothing，which made him still more angry.我一聲不吭，這使他更加生氣。
He was a Frenchman,as I could tell from his accent.他是個(gè)法國(guó)人，我從他的口音中可以聽(tīng)出來(lái)。
He was drunk,which seemed to make a bad impression on the policeman.他喝醉了，這似乎給警察留下了不好的印象。特定選擇 關(guān)系詞
1、只用that不用which 1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)，關(guān)系詞用that。2)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，用that。
3)當(dāng)先行詞帶有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等詞時(shí)，用that。
4)當(dāng)主句中有who或which時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)用that。
5)當(dāng)先行詞為something，anything，nothing，none，no，little，much，all等不定代詞時(shí)用that。
2、只用who不用that 1)如果先行詞是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one時(shí)用who 2)當(dāng)先行詞指人并含有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)從句或在被分割的定語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)。
3、只用which不用that 1)當(dāng)主句先行詞后有介詞時(shí)，用which。例:This is the one of which I'm speaking。
2)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，用which。
3)描述句中一般用which。例:Beijing，which was China's capital for more than 800years。
4)those +復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后，多用which.例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best。5)先行詞本身是that時(shí)，用which。有關(guān)短文
Don't forget the things that once you owned.曾經(jīng)擁有的，不要忘記。Treasure the things that you can't get.不能得到的，更要珍惜。Don't give up the things that belongs to you and keep those lost things in memory.屬于自己的，不要放棄;已經(jīng)失去的，留作記憶。誤區(qū)提醒
1)當(dāng)表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞時(shí)，要判斷出它們?cè)趶木渲凶鳡钫Z(yǔ)還是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞，反之用關(guān)系代詞。典型例題:I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when 答案:A 解析:兩個(gè)先行詞the day都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，不能用what 3)there be句型中，指人用who指物用that。4)當(dāng)主句中缺少主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用the one。
5)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞只能用whom或which 6)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時(shí)，注意判斷介詞與從句謂語(yǔ)是否有關(guān)系，以確定為定語(yǔ)從句
單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Don't talk about such things of__________you are not sure.A.which B.what C.as D.those 2.Is this the factory__________you visited the otherday? A.that B.where C.inwhich D.theone 3.Is this factory__________some foreign friends visited last Friday? A.that B.where C.which D.theone 4.Is this the factory__________heworked ten years ago? A.that B.where C.which D.theone 5.The wolveshid themselves in the places__________couldn't befound.A.that B.where C.inwhich D.inthat 6.The freezing pointis the temperature__________water changes intoice.A.at which B.on that C.in which D.o fwhat 7.This book will show you__________can beused inother contexts..A.how you have observed
B.what you have observed C.that you have observed
D.how that you have observed 8.There asonis__________he is unable to operate them achine.A.because B.why C.that D.whether 9.I'll tell you__________he told me last week.A.all which B.that C.all that D.which 10.That tree,__________branchesareal most bare,isveryold.A.whose B.of which C.in which D.on which 語(yǔ)法填空
1.This is the mountain village ________ I stayed last year.2.This is the mountain village ________ I visited last year,.3.I'll never forget the days ________ I spent in the countryside.4.I'll never forget the days ________ I worked together with you.5.I forget the time ________ he will come.6.I forget the time ________ he told me.7.The reason ________ he can't come is that he is ill.8.The reason ________ he told me is not true.9.This is the factory ________ I visited last year.10.This is the factory _______ I worked last year.11.This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets.12.This is the reason ________ he was absent.13.This is the reason _______ can explain his absence.單項(xiàng)選擇答案
1-5AADBA
6-10ABCCA
語(yǔ)法填空答案
1.where
2.Which
3.which / than 6.which
7.Why
8.which / that 11.which
12.why
13.which
4.When 9.Which 5.when 10.where
第三篇：初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題
定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)
一．定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有：關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)
關(guān)系副詞where, when、why 關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：
1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
2、代替先行詞
3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分
二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1.who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。
(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略
(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主語(yǔ))
(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做賓語(yǔ))4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。
(5)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主語(yǔ))
(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ))5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)
(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三．關(guān)系副詞的用法：
1.when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
It happned in November when the weather was wet and cold.2.where 指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) Let’s look for a place where we can swim.3.why指原因，其先行詞常是reason，在句中做原因狀語(yǔ) Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.關(guān)系代詞只用that,不用which的情況
1.先行詞為：all,everything,anything,nothing ,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)。
He told me everything that he knows.2.先行詞被all ,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時(shí)
All the books that you offered has been given out.3.先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾，或先行詞本身就是最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞時(shí)。This is the best novel that I have ever read.4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.先行詞被the only,the very 修飾時(shí)。He is the only man that can do the work.6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which ,為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)，Who is the girl that is drawing a picture?
定 語(yǔ) 從 句 練習(xí)
用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt ___________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book ________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.單項(xiàng)選擇
（）1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who
B.which
C.whom
D.whose（）2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening
B.you are listening to
C.to that you are listening
D.that you are listening（）3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which
B.in that this
C.all that
A.whom
B.whose
A.where
D.in everything
D.which D.in that D.who（）4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.C.that
（）5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.B.in which
C.which
C.which
（）6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that
B.what
（）7.Do you know the student_____?
A.whom I often talk
C.I often talk with
B.with who I often talk D.that I often talk
C.it's
D.its（）8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose
B.who’s
A.what I need
B.I need
A.who
（）9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?
C.which I need it
D.that I need it
C.whom
D.that（）10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.B.to whom
（）11． Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday?
A.who
B.whom
C.which
D.whose（）12.That's all ______ I have seen and heard.A.which
B.that
C.where
D.what（）13.Have you seen the man _____ plan we were talking about______ yesterday ?
A.who, them B.its, them
C.whose,/
D.whose, them（）14.The Oscar is one of the film prizes ____ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A.which are not
B.that have not been C.that has not
D.that has not been（）15.He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.A.that
B.as
C.who
D.which（）16.The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.A.who's
B.whose
C.that
D.of which（）17._________ cleans the classroom can go home first.A.Anyone
B.those who
C.However
D.The one who（）18.The police caught the man _______ stole my handbag.A.he
B.that
C.whom
D.which（）19.The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.A.which, is
B.whom, was
C.who , is
D.who, was（）20.George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing.A.who
B.whom
C.he
D.which
第四篇：初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題
初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題
（一）一、選擇填空
1.Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.A.which
B.What
C.as
D.those 2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A.that
B.Where C.in which
D.the one 3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A.that
B.where
C.which
D.the one 4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A.that
B.where
C.which
D.the one 5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.A.that
B.Where
C.in which
D.in that 6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.A.at which
B.on that C.in which
D.of what 7.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..A.how you have observed
B.what you have observed C.that you have observed
D.how that you have observed 8.The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because
B.why
C.that
D.whether 9.I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.A.all which
B.That C.all that
D.which 10.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.A.whose
B.of which
C.in which
D.on which 11.I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.A.as
B.That
C.which
D.what 12.He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which
B.it
C.that
D.what 13.We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.A.Which
B.whom
C.who
D.that 14.The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.A.who is singing
B.is singing
C.sang
D.was singing 15.Those ___ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn
B.Who
C.that learns
D.who learn 16.Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.A.that against
B.that against
C.who is against
D.who are against 17.Didn’t you see the man ________?
A.I nodded just now
B.whom I nodded just now C.I nodded to him just now
D.I nodded to just now 18.Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day? A.that you talked
B.you talked about it C.which you talked with
D.you talked about 19.Is there anything _______ to you? A.that is belonged
B.that belongs C.that belong
D.which belongs 20.----“How do you like the book?”
----“It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.” A.that
B.which
C.the one
D.the one what 21.Mr.Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _____ who had lready taken them.A.the ones
B.ones
C.Some
D.the others 22.The train _______ she was travelling was late.A.which
B.Where C.on which
D.in that 23.He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.A.where
B.in which
C.under which
D.which 24.Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.Which
B.Where
C.That
D.about which 25.It’s the third time _______ late this month.A.that you arrived
B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived
D.when you’ve arrived
26.It was in 1969 _______the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.that
B.which
C.when
D.in which 27.May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.A.which
B.When
C.on which
D.about which 28.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _______ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.Which
B.That
C.Who
D.where 29.The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at
B.where we stayed at C.we stayed
D.in that we stayed 30.Is it in that factory _______ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A.in which
B.Where
C.Which
D.that 31.It is the Suez Canal _______ separates Asia ______ Africa.A.which, to
B.where, from
C.that, from
D.that, with 32.Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _______ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.A.There
B.Where
C.it
D.which 33.He is not ______ a fool _______.A.such, as he is looked
B.such, as he looks C.as, as he is looked
D.so, as he looks 34.Is that the reason _______ you are in favour of the proposal? A.Which
B.what
C.Why
D.for that 35.He must be from Africa, _______ can be seen from his skin.A.that
B.as
C.Who
D.what 36.He has two sons, _______ work as chemists.A.two of whom
B.both of whom
C.both of which
D.all of whom 37.I, _______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who is
B.who am
C.that is
D.what is 38.He is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned.A.who
B.that
C.from which
D.from whom 39.----Do you know the town at all?---No, this is the first time I ________ here.A.was
B.have been
C.Came
D.am coming 40.I don’t like _______ you speak to her.A.the way
B.the way in that C.the way which
D.the way of which 41.The two things _______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.A.about which
B.of which
C.in which
D.for which 42.The dinner was the most expensive meal we ______.A.would have
B.have had
C.had never had
D.had ever had 43.Do you know which hotel _______? A.she is staying
B.she is staying in C.is she staying
D.is she staying in 44.There is only one thing _______ I can do.A.what
B.that
C.all
D.which 45.Who can think of a situation ________ this idiom can be used? A.Which
B.that
C.Where
D.in that 46.I have many books, some of _______ are on chemistry.A.them
B.that
C.Which
D.those 47.They were interested _______ you told them.A.in which
B.in that
C.all that
D.in everything 48.The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, ________ much help for knowing space.A.which we think it is
B.which we think are of C.of which we think is
D.I think which is of 49.The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.A.come
B.came
C.coming
D.comes 50.I like the second football match _______ was held last week.A.which
B.who
C.that
D./ 初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題
（二）1.A football fan(球迷)is _____ has a strong interest in football.A.a thing that
B.something that
C.a person who
D.what 2.The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.A.the roof of which
B.which roof
C.its roof
D.the roof 3.Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day? A.that you talked
B.you talked about it C.which you talked with
D.you talked about 4.The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.A.That
B.What
C.why
D.for which 5.They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.A.which
B.that
C.who
D.whom 6.Who _____ has common sense（常識(shí)）will do such a thing? A.which
B.who
C.whom
D.that 7.All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A.that
B.those
C.Which
D.what 8.They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.A.what
B.that
C.which
D.where 9.I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.A.all which
B.all what
C.that all
D.all 10.A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.who
B.who’s
C.whose
D.which 11.Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day? A.that
B.Where
C.in which
D.the one 12.Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A.that
B.Where
C.in which
D.the one 13.-How do you like the book?-It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.A.that
B.which
C.the one
D.the one what 14.Which sentence is wrong? A.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.B.Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform? C.Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.D.People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.15.The train _____ she was traveling was late.A.Which
B.where
C.on which
D.in that 16.He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.A.Where
B.on which
C.under which
D.which 17.Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.which
B.where
C.that
D.about which 18.It’s the third time _____ late this month.A.that you arrived
B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived
D.when you’ve arrived
19.He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A.Whom
B.Who
C.when
D.because 20.The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A.When
B.during that
C.in which
D.which 21.He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.A.Which
B.When
C.on which
D.during which 22.Mr.Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various students.A.when
B.which
C.during which
D.on which 23.This is just the place _____ I am longing to visit these years.A.that
B.where
C.in which
D.to where
24.We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.Which
B.that
C.Who
D.where 25.The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at
B.where we stayed at
C.we stayed
D.in that we stayed 26.I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.A.as
B.that
C.which
D.than 27.He is not _____ a fool _____.A.such/as he is looked
B.such/as he looks C.as/as he is looked
D.so/as he looks 28.Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal? A.which
B.what
C.Why
D.for that 29.Some of the roads were flooded, _____ made our journey more difficult.A.which
B.it
C.what
D.that 30.He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.A.That
B.as
C.who
D.what 31.He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.A.two of whom
B.both of whom
C.both of which
D.all of whom 32.The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.most of that
B.which most
C.most of which
D.that most 33.My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A.which
B.with which
C.without which
D.that 34.Mr.Wu, _____ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry.A.whom
B.That
C.which
D./ 35.This is Mr.Smith, _____ I think has something interesting to tell us.A.Who
B.Whom
C.that
D./ 36._____, the compass was first made in China.A.It is know to all
B.It is known that
C.We all know
D.As is known to all 37.I, _____ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who is
B.who am
C.that is
D.what is 38.He is a man of great experience, _____ much can be learned.A.who
B.that
C.from which
D.from whom 39.It was such a serious mistake, _____ caused by carelessness.A.which I think was
B.which I think it was C.I think which was
D.I think which it was 40.He lived in London for 3 months, during _____ he picked up some English.A.This
B.Which
C.that
D.when 41.The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of for years.A.that/which
B.where/that
C.in which/what
D.where/which 42.I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.A.Who B.That
C.which
D.whom 43.He has to work on Sundays, _____ he does not like.A.and which
B.which
C.and when
D.when 44.I gave him a warning, _____ he turned a deaf ear.A.of which
B.for which
C.to that
D.to which 45.My father has made me _____ I am.A.who
B.which
C.what
D.that 46.She is one of the few girls who _____ passed the examination.A.Was
B.were
C.has
D.have 47.He is my son, _____ a better son does not exist.A.but
B.than who
C.against whom
D.than whom 48.As many members _____ were present agreed to the plan.A.Who
B.that
C.which
D.as 49.You may call on me from one to five o’clock, during _____ I am always at home.A.the time
B.what time
C.that time
D.which time 50.China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kiteflying（放風(fēng)箏）spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.A.from there
B.Where
C.from where
D.there Keys [參考答案]
一、1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA
11—15 AADAD
16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC
26—30 AADAD 31—35 CABCB
36—40 BBDBA
41—45 BDBBC
46—50 CDBBC
二、1-5 CADAB
6-10 DABDC
11-15 ADCAC
16-20 ADCBC 21-25 BBADA
26-30 ABCAB
31-35 BCCAA
36-40 DBDAB 41-45 DABDC
46-50 DCDDC
一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念
在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。
三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類
根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、關(guān)系代詞的用法
1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）
The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語(yǔ)）
The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語(yǔ)）
3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。（作主語(yǔ)）
Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？ 正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)？（作賓語(yǔ)）
注意：（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。
（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for.這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。
（3）that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：
a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？
c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d.先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？
f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。
（5）關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：
a.先行詞為that，those時(shí)，用which，而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？
b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。
c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which，而不用that.例如：
Tom came back，which made us happy.湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。
五、關(guān)系副詞的用法
（1）when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如： This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
（2）where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：
This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。
（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.自我測(cè)試 / Test Yourself
1.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？
-Yes，he’s our headmaster.A.he B.who C.which D.whom
2.Is this the river _____I can swim？
A.which B.in which C.that D.the one
3.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A.where B.which C.that D.it
4.Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？
A.that you bought B.you bought it
C.that you bought it D.which you bought it
5.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agree
C.who agrees D.which agree
6.My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A.that B.it C.which who
7.The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A.who’s B.whose C.that of which.8.The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A.which； is B.whom； was C.who； is D.who； was
9.I love places ______the people are really friendly.A.that B.which C.where D.who
10.The world ______ is made up of matter.A.in that we live B.on which we live
C.where we live in D.we live in
Ⅱ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom填空。
1.The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.3.The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4.The house _____we live in is very old.5.Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？
參考答案：
I.1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD Ⅱ.1.that 2.which / that 3.who / that 4.that / which 5.who/ whom/
第五篇：歷屆高考英語(yǔ)選擇題精選(定語(yǔ)從句)
歷屆高考英語(yǔ)選擇題精選(定語(yǔ)從句)1.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose(89)2.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it
B.which C.this D.that
(91)3.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.A.that
B.who
C.from whom D.to whom(92)4.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.A.what
B.which
C.that D.it(92)5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that
D.when
(96)6．Carol said the work would be done by October.＿＿＿＿＿personally I doubt very much.A.it B.that
C.when D.which(99)7．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.A．who B．which C．this D．what(2000)8.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.A.which price
C.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose 9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A.As
B.It
C.That
D.Which
10.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.A.this
B.which
C.that
D.same 11.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.A.whose
B.of which
C.which
D.its 12.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A.what B.which C.that D.when 13.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.A.that
B.where
C.which
D.there 14.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.A.in which B.in that
C.in whose D.whose 15.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that
C.the way which
D.the way of which 16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella._______ I got wet through.A.It’s the reason
B.That’s why C.There’s why
D.It’s how 17.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is 18.He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.A.who B.whom
C.what
D.whcih 19._____is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It B.As
C.That D.What
(2004京--34)20._____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A.Which
B.When
C.What A.As
(2004蘇--33)21.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than the others, ______, of course, made the others envy him
A.who
B.that
C.what D.which
(2004津--23)22.The weather turned out to be very good, _____was more than we could expect.A.what
B.which
C.that
D.it
（1994全國(guó)--39）
23._____is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What
（2001全國(guó)--34）
24.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%_____are sold abroad.A.of which B.which of C.of them D.of that(2004遼--35)
25.There are two buildings, _____stands nearly a hundred feet high.A.the larger B.the
larger of them C.the larger one that D.the larger of which
(2004鄂--25)26.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____they can talk frequently.A.who
B.as
C.about which D.with whom
(2004滬--36)27.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____the sailing time was 226 days.A.of which
B.during which C.from which D.for which
(2004桂--28)28.The English play _____my students acted at the New Year's 'party was a great success.A.for which B.at which
C.in which
D.on which
(2004全國(guó)--23)
29.Is this the house_______ Shakespeare was born?
A.at where
B.which
C.in which
D.at which
（1988全國(guó)--12）
30.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows ,most of_____ hadn‘t been cleaned for at least a year.A.these
B.those
C.that D.which（1990全國(guó)--24）31.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person_______ she could turn for help.A.that
B.who
C.from whom
D.to whom
（1992全國(guó)--27）32.The gentleman _______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.（20002滬春--9）A.who
B.about whomC.whom
D.with whom
33.Alec asked the policeman ___he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom
（2002全國(guó)--31 34.I work in a business _____almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.how
B.which
C.where
D.that
(04湘--23)35.There were dirty marks on her trousers _____she had wiped her hands.A.where
B.which
C.when
D.that
（04吉--23）36.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____he grew up as a child.A.which
B.where
C.that
D.when
（96全國(guó)--16）37.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _____other visitors
seldom go
A.what B.which C.where D.when(02北京—22)
38．I can think of many cases ,_____students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.A.why B.which C.as D.where（03上海--41）39Helen was much kinder to the youngest son than to the others, _____,of course, made the others envy him.A.who
B.that C.what D.which
(04津--23)40.George Orwell, _____was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A.the real name B.what his real name
C.his real name D.whose real name.(04京--26)41.Anyway,that evening, _____I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.A.when B.where C.what
D.which
42.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play_____, of course, made the others unhappy.A.who B.which C.this D.what(MET2000--17)43.The wrong you’ve done him is terrible, for _____I think(in my opinion)you should make an apology to him.A.this B.which C.what D.that.44.The film brought the hours back to me _____I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A.until
B.that
C.when
D.where
（NMET2001--22）45.There's a feeling in me_____ we'll never know what a UFO is--not ever.A.that
B.which
C.of which
D.what
(上海2002—35)46.A modern city has been set up in_____was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where
（天津2004—35）47.He is such a clever boy_____ everyone likes.He is such a clever boy _____everyone likes him.A.as
B.that
C.which
D.it 48.Was it in the village_____ we used to live in _____the accident happened? A.where;that
B.which;that
C.that;where
D.where;which
答案：1-5 DBDBB 6-10 DBCAB 11-15 AABCA 16-20 BADBA
21-25 DBBAD
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