第一篇：口筆譯分類詞匯大全(上)!!社會(huì),經(jīng)貿(mào),政治,環(huán)境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,體育,諺語

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（01）--社會(huì)發(fā)展詞匯

211工程 211 Project 安居工程 housing project for low-income families 安居小區(qū) a neighborhood for low-income families 保障婦女就業(yè)權(quán)利to guarantee women’s right to employment

補(bǔ)發(fā)拖欠的離退休人員統(tǒng)籌項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)的養(yǎng)老金 All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.裁定保險(xiǎn)賠償 adjudication of benefits 城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障 guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents 在城鎮(zhèn)強(qiáng)制推行以養(yǎng)老、失業(yè)、醫(yī)療為重點(diǎn)的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn) Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas.城鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)保障體系the social security system in urban areas 城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度the basic medical insurance system for urban employees 創(chuàng)新精神 be innovation-minded;to have a creative mind 促進(jìn)學(xué)生德、智、體、美全面發(fā)展 ensure that students improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their appreciation of aesthetics 大家庭 extended family 大力推行個(gè)人助學(xué)信貸 Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.大專文憑 associate degree(conferred to junior college students)代培 training-on-contract program 代培生 trainee on contract 帶薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待業(yè)人員 job seekers 待遇優(yōu)厚的工作 a well-paid job 單親家庭 single parent family 定向培訓(xùn) training for specific posts 獨(dú)生子女 the only child 對(duì)保障方案進(jìn)行精算評(píng)估 Security programs should undergo actuarial review.對(duì)口扶貧 provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions 惡性犯罪 major crimes 反對(duì)迷信 be against superstition 福利分房 buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one works with 復(fù)式住宅 compound apartment 干部年輕化 rejuvenation of cadres 崗位培訓(xùn) on-job training 高度重視精神文明建設(shè) pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress 搞好優(yōu)生優(yōu)育 promote good prenatal and postnatal care 個(gè)人自愿計(jì)劃 voluntary private plans 工傷保險(xiǎn)制度the on-job injury insurance system 工資收入分配制度the wage and income distribution system 關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的大事 matters vital to national well-being and the people’s livelihood

關(guān)心和支持殘疾人事業(yè) Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.關(guān)心老齡人 care for senior citizens.貴族學(xué)校 exclusive school（美）;select school（英）

國(guó)企下崗職工基本生活保障 guarantee of basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises 過緊日子 tighten one’s belt

過溫飽生活 live a life at a subsistent level 合理調(diào)整就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)to rationally readjust the employment structure 后勤服務(wù)社會(huì)化 make logistic services independent in their operation 積極發(fā)展民辦教育 Efforts should be made to develop schools not operated by government education departments.基本養(yǎng)老金basic pensions 計(jì)劃生育責(zé)任制 responsibility system of family planning 繼續(xù)開展―掃黃打非‖斗爭(zhēng) The fight against pornography, illegal publications and piracy shall be continued.加快住房分配貨幣化進(jìn)程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation 加強(qiáng)計(jì)劃生育工作 further improve family planning 加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 家庭美德 family virtues 堅(jiān)持―兩手抓、兩手都要硬‖的方針 adhere to the principle of ―doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each‖

堅(jiān)持正確的輿論導(dǎo)向 maintain the correct orientation for public opinion 建立集體合同制度to establish a group contract system 建立市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向的就業(yè)機(jī)制to establish a market-oriented employment mechanism 建立新型的勞動(dòng)關(guān)系to establish a new type of labor relations 建設(shè)廉潔、勤政、務(wù)實(shí)、高效政府 build a clean and diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 建設(shè)一個(gè)富強(qiáng)、民主、文明的國(guó)家 build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country 教育程度 educational status;education received 教育程度比率 educational attainment ratio 戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center 精算界 actuarial profession 精算師 actuaries 擴(kuò)大就業(yè)和再就業(yè)to expand employment and reemployment 勞動(dòng)保障監(jiān)察制度the labor security supervision system 勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系labor standard system 勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議處理體制the system of handling labor disputes 面臨困境 face adverse conditions 努力穩(wěn)定低生育水平work to stabilize the low birth rate 培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力 help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation 破案率 rate of solved criminal cases 強(qiáng)制性普及方案 universally compulsory program 切實(shí)減輕中小學(xué)生過重的課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān) effectively reduce too heavy homework assignments for primary and secondary school students 確保國(guó)有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活費(fèi)和離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金按時(shí)足額發(fā)放to ensure that subsistence allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and basic pensions for retirees are paid on time and in full 人口出生率 birth rate 人口老齡化 aging of population 人口增長(zhǎng)的高峰期 baby boom 人口增長(zhǎng)與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào) try to keep population growth in line with social and economic development 人民生活水平quality of life;the living standards 認(rèn)真貫徹實(shí)施中國(guó)婦女、兒童發(fā)展綱要 The programs for the development of work concerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.弱勢(shì)群體disadvantaged groups 掃除青壯年文盲 eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people 傷殘保險(xiǎn) disability insurance 社會(huì)保障 social security 社會(huì)保障―三條保障線‖制度 social security system of ―three guarantees‖ 社會(huì)福利制度the social welfare system 社會(huì)公德 social morality 社會(huì)互助制度the social mutual help system 社會(huì)治安狀況好轉(zhuǎn) see an improved law-and-order situation 深入扎實(shí)地開展群眾性精神文明創(chuàng)建活動(dòng) Extensive public participation activities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.生活待遇 material amenities 生活費(fèi)收入 income available for cost of living 生活費(fèi)用 cost of living;income maintenance;subsistence cost 生育保險(xiǎn)制度the childbirth insurance system 失學(xué)兒童 dropouts 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn) guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn) unemployment insurance 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度the unemployment insurance system 失業(yè)率 rate of unemployment 實(shí)施積極促進(jìn)就業(yè)的政策to implement the policy of vigorously increasing employment 實(shí)現(xiàn)基本普及九年義務(wù)教育 The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.實(shí)現(xiàn)小康目標(biāo) attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 實(shí)行彈性大、靈活性強(qiáng)、多樣化的就業(yè)形式to adopt elastic, flexible, diversified forms of employment 實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育、控制人口數(shù)量、提高人口素質(zhì) promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people 實(shí)行勞動(dòng)合同制度to institute a labor contract system 樹立正確的價(jià)值觀、世界觀、人生觀 help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 思想道德建設(shè)（思想政治工作）moral education among people 提高部分優(yōu)撫對(duì)象撫恤標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Allowances for certain disabled service men and women and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.提高勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)to enhance workers’ quality

統(tǒng)籌兼顧城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)to make overall plans for urban and rural system 推動(dòng)就業(yè)服務(wù)向社區(qū)延伸，形成多層次的就業(yè)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)to encourage the formation of community-run agencies as a part of the multi-level employment service network 推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育 push ahead with education for all-around development 推行職業(yè)資格證書制度to introduce a vocational qualification credentials system 退休基金 pension fund 脫貧 lift off poverty;cast off poverty 完善和落實(shí)再就業(yè)優(yōu)惠政策to improve and implement preferential reemployment 完善失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度to improve the unemployment insurance system 文明城市 model city;culturally advanced city;city cited for high moral and cultural standards 物業(yè)管理 estate management, property management 消費(fèi)價(jià)格總水平the general price level 小家庭 nuclear family 小康生活 enjoy a fairly comfortable life;be moderately better off 新生兒死亡率 infant mortality rate;neonatal mortality rate 行行出狀元 Every profession produces its own leading authority.研究生畢業(yè)證/學(xué)位證 graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) retirement insurance 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度the old-age insurance system 醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn) medical insurance 醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度the medical insurance system 應(yīng)試教育 examination-oriented education system 優(yōu)撫安置制度the special care and placement system 優(yōu)化就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)to optimize employment structure 有公德心 be civic-minded 輿論導(dǎo)向 direction of public opinion 輿論監(jiān)督 supervision by public opinion 預(yù)期壽命 life expectancy 災(zāi)害救助制度the natural disaster relief system 在職博士生 on-job doctorate 招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo) enrolment and vocation guidance 爭(zhēng)取實(shí)現(xiàn)高等教育大眾化 work to make regular higher education accessible to the majority of young people 政府主導(dǎo)計(jì)劃 government-sponsored programs 職業(yè)道德 ethics of profession 中華人民共和國(guó)勞動(dòng)法the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China 中專生 secondary specialized or technical school student 重視發(fā)展具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)和市場(chǎng)潛力的勞動(dòng)密集型企業(yè)to stress the development of labor-intensive enterprises with comparative advantages and market potential 抓好農(nóng)村和流動(dòng)人口計(jì)劃生育管理與服務(wù) devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population 自然增長(zhǎng)率 natural growth rate 自學(xué)成才 self-taught and self-made person;become a qualified professional through self-taught way 最低生活保障制度the minimum living standard security system

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（02）--外經(jīng)貿(mào)類詞匯

澳新緊密經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系協(xié)定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement 擺脫亞洲金融危機(jī)的影響shake off the impact of the financial crisis 幫助人才脫穎而出help excellent talents find way to distinction 備件spare parts 部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議ministerial meeting 采取積極財(cái)政政策 proactive fiscal policy 出口創(chuàng)匯型/外向型產(chǎn)業(yè)export-oriented industry 垂直兼并vertical merger 倒?fàn)攑rofiteer 抵免offset 東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area 東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations 對(duì)外項(xiàng)目承包foreign project contracting 反傾銷措施anti-dumping measures against …… 防偽標(biāo)志anti-fake label 放松銀根ease monetary policy 非配額產(chǎn)品quota-free products 非生產(chǎn)性投資investment in non-productive projects 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理/評(píng)估risk management/ assessment 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基金venture capital 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk 崗位培訓(xùn)on-the-job training 港元的聯(lián)系匯率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar 搞活國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 工程項(xiàng)目engineering project 工業(yè)增加值industrial added value 公正合理equitable and rational 固定資產(chǎn)投資investment in the fixed assets 廣開就業(yè)門路increase employment opportunities;create jobs in every possible way;open up more channels of employment 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)scale economy/ economies of scale 國(guó)合企業(yè)（即國(guó)有合作社）state-owned cooperatives 國(guó)際清算international settlement 國(guó)際收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment 國(guó)際收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment 國(guó)家補(bǔ)貼public subsidies 國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)項(xiàng)目projects listed as encouraged by the state 國(guó)家科技創(chuàng)新體系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System 國(guó)家現(xiàn)匯結(jié)存state foreign exchange reserves 合理引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)guide rational consumption 橫向兼并horizontal merger 壞帳、呆帳、死帳bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan 貨幣市場(chǎng)money market 機(jī)構(gòu)臃腫overstaffing in(government)organizations

機(jī)構(gòu)重疊organizational overlapping 技工貿(mào)結(jié)合的科技型企業(yè)scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and echnological developmentwith industrial and trade development 季節(jié)性調(diào)價(jià)seasonal price adjustments 既成事實(shí)established/accomplished facts 減免債務(wù)reduce and cancel debts 建材 building materials 進(jìn)口環(huán)節(jié)稅import linkage tax 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目current account 經(jīng)常性的財(cái)政收入regular revenues 竟價(jià)投標(biāo)competitive bidding 就業(yè)前培訓(xùn)pre-job training 控股公司holding company 垃圾融資junk financing 勞動(dòng)密集性企業(yè)labor-intensive enterprises 勞務(wù)合作 labor service cooperation 累計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)順差143.4美元 accumulatively realizing trade surplus 利改稅substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 流動(dòng)人口floating population 龍頭產(chǎn)品lagship product 亂集資、亂攤派、亂收費(fèi)unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises 慢性蕭條chronic depression 農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)合作ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation 盤活存量資產(chǎn)revitalize stock assets 配件 accessories 皮包公司flying-by-night company;bogus company平等互利、講求實(shí)效、形式多樣、共同發(fā)展的方針pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development 瓶頸制約 ―bottleneck‖restrictions

企業(yè)的自我約束機(jī)制 self-regulating mechanism of enterprises 企業(yè)技術(shù)改造technological updating of enterprises 企業(yè)虧損補(bǔ)貼subsidies to cover enterprise losses 企業(yè)所得稅corporate income tax 千年問題、千年蟲millennium bug 搶得先機(jī)take the preemptive opportunities 清理、修訂screen and modify 求同存異 overcome differences and seek common ground 商住和公益設(shè)施建設(shè) commercial, residential and public utility construction 申報(bào)制度reporting system;income declaration system 實(shí)行股份制enforce stockholding system 實(shí)行國(guó)民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts 市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)人的行政管理措施AAMA： Administrative Aspects of Market Access 適銷對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品readily marketable products 雙重軌制 two-tier system / double-track system 水利 water conservation 所有制形式forms of ownership 貪圖安逸crave comfort and pleasure 通貨緊縮deflation 通貨膨脹inflation 同步增長(zhǎng)increase in the same pace 外援方式modality of foreign aid 無氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator 無紙交易paperless transaction 現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度modern corporate system 消費(fèi)膨脹inflated consumption 協(xié)議投標(biāo)negotiated bidding 信息化informationize 形成統(tǒng)一、開放和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有序的市場(chǎng)establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亞歐會(huì)議ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting 亞太法定計(jì)量論壇APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum 亞太工商咨詢理事會(huì)ABAC： APEC Business Advisory Council 亞太計(jì)量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program 亞太經(jīng)合組織部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting 亞太經(jīng)合組織經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議AELM： APEC Economic Leaders Meeting 亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亞太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center 亞太商業(yè)論壇ABF：APEC Business Forum 亞太商業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network 亞太實(shí)驗(yàn)室認(rèn)可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation 亞太通訊與數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System 亞太信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure 亞太中小企業(yè)技術(shù)交流與培訓(xùn)中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises 亞洲開發(fā)銀行ADB: Asian Development Bank 以試點(diǎn)的形式實(shí)行外貿(mào)權(quán)自動(dòng)登記制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis 營(yíng)業(yè)稅turnover tax 在鞏固公有制主體地位的同時(shí),促進(jìn)多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership 債轉(zhuǎn)股debt-to-equity swap 中華人民共和國(guó)保護(hù)臺(tái)灣同胞投資實(shí)施條例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C.on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan 中介服務(wù)組織intermediary service organization 注入新的生機(jī)與活力 bring new vigor and vitality into 轉(zhuǎn)化經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制change the method of operation 資本項(xiàng)目capital account 自1999年1月1日起實(shí)行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999 自由浮動(dòng)匯率free floating exchange rate;variable exchange rate 自主經(jīng)營(yíng),自負(fù)盈虧responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 走上良性發(fā)展的軌道 going on the track of sound progress shipping service company 船務(wù)公司 generic products非商標(biāo)(非專利)產(chǎn)品 prudent monetary policy穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策 deficit spending 超前消費(fèi) run on banks(到銀行)擠兌

domestic support to agriculture 對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的國(guó)內(nèi)支持 special bonds特種債券

economy of abundance富裕經(jīng)濟(jì) Animal-based protein動(dòng)物源性蛋白

dual purpose exports 軍民兩用品出口

dual-use goods and technology 軍民兩用產(chǎn)品和技術(shù) NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū) global quota全球配額

grandfather clause祖父條款

Animal-derived food 動(dòng)物源食品 EVSL(Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部門提前自愿自由化

TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)貿(mào)易和投資自由化和便利化 常見縮略：

C&F(cost&freight)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià) T/T(telegraphic transfer)電匯

D/P(document against payment)付款交單 D/A(document against acceptance)承兌交單 C.O(certificate of origin)一般原產(chǎn)地證 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)紙箱 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、個(gè)、支等 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元

DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等 WT(weight)重量 G.W.(gross weight)毛重 N.W.(net weight)凈重

(customs declaration)報(bào)關(guān)單 EA(each)每個(gè)，各 W(with)具有 w/o(without)沒有 FAC(facsimile)傳真 IMP(import)進(jìn)口 EXP（export）出口

MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的 MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度 M 或MED(medium)中等，中級(jí)的 M/V（merchant vessel）商船 S.S(steamship)船運(yùn)

MT或M/T(metric ton)公噸 DOC(document)文件、單據(jù) INT（international）國(guó)際的

P/L(packing list)裝箱單、明細(xì)表 INV(invoice)發(fā)票

PCT(percent)百分比

REF（reference）參考、查價(jià) EMS（express mail special）特快傳遞 STL.(style)式樣、款式、類型 T或LTX或TX(telex)電傳 RMB（renminbi）人民幣 S/M（shipping marks）裝船標(biāo)記 PR或PRC(price)價(jià)格

PUR(purchase)購(gòu)買、購(gòu)貨

S/C（sales contract）銷售確認(rèn)書 L/C（letter of credit）信用證 B/L（bill of lading）提單 FOB（free on board）離岸價(jià)

CIF（cost,insurance&freight）成本、保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià) GMO(genetically modified organism)轉(zhuǎn)基因組織 CAGA(compound annual growth average)年復(fù)合增長(zhǎng)率

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（03）--改革開放詞匯

保險(xiǎn)業(yè) The insurance industry 保證重點(diǎn)支出 Ensure funding for priority areas 被兼并或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business 補(bǔ)發(fā)拖欠的養(yǎng)老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears 不良貸款 Non—performing loan 層層轉(zhuǎn)包和違法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 產(chǎn)值 output value 城鄉(xiāng)信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents 城鎮(zhèn)職工醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers 抽樣調(diào)查 data from the sample survey 出口信貸 Export credit 初步建立社會(huì)主義計(jì)劃商品經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制。to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.貸款質(zhì)量 Loan quality 貸款質(zhì)量五級(jí)分類辦法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans 第二產(chǎn)業(yè) secondary industry 第三產(chǎn)業(yè) tertiary industry 第一產(chǎn)業(yè) primary industry 獨(dú)資企業(yè) wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 發(fā)電量 electric energy production 發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 發(fā)展過快 excessive growth 防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 防洪工程 Flood-prevention project 非法外匯交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction 非公有成分 non-public sectors 非貿(mào)易收匯 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels 非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu) Non-bank financial institutions 費(fèi)改稅 Transform administrative fees into taxes 分配形式 forms of distribution 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資金 risk funds 副業(yè) sideline production 改革是“社會(huì)主義制度的自我完善和自我發(fā)展”。Reform is “the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.” 改革重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 改善經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境 improve economic environment 搞活企業(yè) invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises 各盡所能，按勞/需分配。from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.跟蹤審計(jì) Follow-up auditing 工程監(jiān)理制度 The monitoring system for projects 公有制 public ownership 鼓勵(lì) give incentive to 管理不善 poor management 國(guó)際收支 international balance of payments 國(guó)家保障國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)的鞏固和發(fā)展。The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.國(guó)家的根本任務(wù)是，集中力量進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè) The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP(Gross National Product)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)，即社會(huì)主義全民所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的主導(dǎo)力量。The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people;it is the leading force in the national economy.國(guó)有資產(chǎn)安全 The safety of state-owned assets 過度開墾 Excess reclamation 合同管理制度 The contract system for governing projects 合資企業(yè) joint venture 合作企業(yè) cooperative enterprise 和平演變 peaceful evolution 宏觀控制 exercise macro-control 機(jī)電產(chǎn)品 Electromechanical products 積極的財(cái)政政策 Pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活費(fèi) Basic allowances 基石 cornerstone 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合的機(jī)制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)責(zé)任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 結(jié)售匯制度 The system of exchange settlement and sales 解除勞動(dòng)關(guān)系 Sever labor relations

解放生產(chǎn)力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 金融監(jiān)管責(zé)任制 The responsibility system for financial supervision 經(jīng)濟(jì)安全 Economic security 經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律的杠桿 economic and legal leverages 經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃和市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)改革。reform in economic structure 經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制 operative mechanism 精華、精粹、實(shí)質(zhì) quintessence 舉措 move 靠擴(kuò)大財(cái)政赤字搞建設(shè) To increase the deficit to spend more on development 扣除物價(jià)上漲部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求 The expansion of domestic demand 拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) Fuel economic growth 厲行節(jié)約，反對(duì)浪費(fèi) to practice strict economy and combat waste 糧食倉(cāng)庫(kù) Grain depot 糧食收儲(chǔ)企業(yè) Grain Collection and storage enterprise 糧食收購(gòu)資金實(shí)行封閉運(yùn)行 Closed operation of grain purchase funds 糧食銷售市場(chǎng) Grain sales market 劣質(zhì)工程 Shoddy engineering 林業(yè) forestry 零售 retail 流通制度 circulation system 亂收費(fèi)、亂攤派、亂罰款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 農(nóng)業(yè) farming 騙匯、逃匯、套匯 Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 取消國(guó)家對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的統(tǒng)購(gòu)統(tǒng)銷 to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 全體會(huì)議 plenary session 人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 per capita GNP 人均收入 per capita income 融資渠道 Financing channels 善于接受的 receptive 商品經(jīng)濟(jì) commodity economy 商業(yè)信貸原則 The principles for commercial credit 社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) Social security institution 社會(huì)主義的最終目標(biāo)是解放生產(chǎn)力，消滅剝削，消除貧富兩極分化，最終達(dá)到共同富裕。The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.社會(huì)主義集體所有制 socialist collective ownership 社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的基礎(chǔ)是生產(chǎn)資料的社會(huì)主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動(dòng)群眾集體所有制。The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.生產(chǎn)關(guān)系 relations of production 生產(chǎn)力 productive forces 生產(chǎn)資料 means of production 生活資料 means of livelihood/subsistence 剩余勞動(dòng)力。surplus labor 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金 Unemployment insurance benefits 實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)率 actual growth rate 實(shí)事求是 seek truth from facts 實(shí)在的 tangible 使負(fù)擔(dān) be saddled with 試一下 have a go(at sth.)輸入活力 bring vigor into 私有制 private ownership 隨著改革的深化，國(guó)家指令性計(jì)劃的范圍將會(huì)縮小，而市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)的范圍將會(huì)擴(kuò)大。As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.偷稅、騙稅、逃稅、抗稅 Tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal pay taxes 投入 input 外匯收支 Foreign exchange revenue and spending 外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprise 我們辨別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看這樣做是否有利于發(fā)展社會(huì)主義的生產(chǎn)力，是否有利于增強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的綜合國(guó)力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.畜牧業(yè) animal husbandry 要人們警惕右和“左”的影響，特別是“左”的根深蒂固的影響。to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the “Left” deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted “Left” influence.一個(gè)中心、兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)one central task and two basic points 以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則（1）社會(huì)主義道路（2）黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（3）人民民主專政（4）馬列主義毛澤東思想、堅(jiān)持改革開放 the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principlesand persisting in reform and opening.引進(jìn)、輸入 importation 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 營(yíng)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的公司 going concerns 優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu) optimize the economic structure 有色金屬 nonferrous metals 有效地控制通貨膨脹 effectively control inflation 漁業(yè) fishing 增額、增值、增長(zhǎng) increment 整頓經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序 rectify economic order 中國(guó)要警惕右，但更要防“左”。China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the “Left” deviation.逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、國(guó)防和科學(xué)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)代化，把我國(guó)建設(shè)成為富強(qiáng)、民主、文明的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.主要成分 dominant sector 資本主義和社會(huì)主義并不是以計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場(chǎng)的多少來劃分的。Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.總工資 total wages

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（04）--政治政府詞匯

按保護(hù)價(jià)敞開收購(gòu)糧食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices 把處理事與處理人結(jié)合起來integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators 把有限的資金用在―刀刃上‖ use our limited funds where they can be put to best use 保持經(jīng)濟(jì)適度快速增長(zhǎng)maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth 保監(jiān)會(huì)the China Insurance Regulatory Commission 保證國(guó)家的長(zhǎng)治久安guarantee China’s long-term stability 保證社會(huì)公共需要guarantee social needs

保證這些項(xiàng)目如期建成并發(fā)揮效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns 避免形成倒逼機(jī)制、欲罷不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment.不合法、不合理基金和收費(fèi)項(xiàng)目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges 不會(huì)導(dǎo)致貨幣過量發(fā)行without causing overissue of currency 不進(jìn)則退 no progress simply means regression 不良貸款 non-performing loans 不能搞赤字預(yù)算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets 不再經(jīng)商no longer engage in trade 財(cái)政償還能力our ability to service debt 財(cái)政的承受能力financial capacity 財(cái)政監(jiān)督條例the Regulations on Financial Supervision 財(cái)政日子將更加難過We will be in financial straits.財(cái)政收入占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP 財(cái)政收支基本平衡的原則a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures 財(cái)政資金申請(qǐng)、立項(xiàng)、撥付、使用效果等各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)督supervision over the whole process of fund allocation from application, project determination and actual allocation to returns on investment 拆遷補(bǔ)償費(fèi)compensation for demolition 產(chǎn)權(quán)劃轉(zhuǎn)和產(chǎn)權(quán)變動(dòng)the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises 產(chǎn)銷銜接狀況the ratio of sales to production 產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)upgrade industries 長(zhǎng)江流域的生態(tài)掩體an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley 長(zhǎng)江三峽和黃河小浪底水利樞紐工程the key water projects at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River 長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債long-term government bonds 常務(wù)委員Standing Committee member 車輛購(gòu)置稅暫行條例the Interim Regulations on the Tax on Vehicle Purchases 成長(zhǎng)型企業(yè)市場(chǎng)（指二板市場(chǎng)）growing enterprise market(GEM)城鄉(xiāng)電網(wǎng)改造projects for upgrading urban and rural power grids 城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率registered unemployment rate in cities and towns 城鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)保障體系 urban social security system 城鎮(zhèn)職工醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度改革medical insurance for urban workers 城鎮(zhèn)住房制度改革reform of the urban housing system 出口經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)由審批制向登記備案制過渡the transition from an examination and approval system to a registration and recording system for the right to engage in export 出口配額export quotas 傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)conventional industries 創(chuàng)新體系an innovation system 垂直管理vertical management 從源頭上、制度上堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes in terms of their sources and systems 促進(jìn)公平分配promote fair distribution of social wealth 村村通廣播電視工程project ―extend radio and TV coverage to every village‖ 存款準(zhǔn)備金reserves against deposit 大部分科技力量游離于企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)之外a majority of scientific personnel being divorced from enterprises and the market 大力推進(jìn)糧食流通體制改革step up our efforts to promote the reform of the grain distribution system 大面積多光區(qū)光纖光譜天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡a large sky area multi-object fiber-spectroscopy telescope 貸款質(zhì)量5級(jí)分類辦法five-category assets classification for bank loans 鄧小平理論 Deng Xiaoping Theory 低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)low-level redundant development 滴灌、噴灌drip irrigation and spray irrigation 抵抗全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退 to combat the global economic slump 地方性中小金融機(jī)構(gòu)存款保險(xiǎn)制度a deposit insurance system for local small and medium-sized financial institutions

電視會(huì)議televised meeting 調(diào)控宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行regulate operation of the macroeconomy 調(diào)整出口退稅adjustments in the level of export tax rebates 調(diào)整投資結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)the restructuring of investment and the economy 堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes

對(duì)卷煙全面推行核定計(jì)稅價(jià)格征收消費(fèi)稅辦法fully levy a sales tax on cigarettes on the basis of an authorized tax valuation 對(duì)人民高度負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度maintain a high sense of responsibility 對(duì)中西部地區(qū)適當(dāng)傾斜appropriately directed to the central and western areas of the country 奪取了抗洪搶險(xiǎn)的偉大勝利achieve great victory in the fight against floods 發(fā)揮出最大的效益produce the best possible results 發(fā)揮最大的使用效益yield the greatest returns on investment 反對(duì)鋪張浪費(fèi)combat extravagance and waste 防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)guard against and defuse financial risks 防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力ability to guard against financial risks 防止―重點(diǎn)支出重點(diǎn)浪費(fèi)‖ prevent ―more waste in more expenditures‖ 非辦不可的大事important tasks which must be accomplished 非國(guó)有工業(yè)企業(yè)non-state industrial enterprises 非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)non-bank financial institutions 費(fèi)改稅改革 tax-for-fees reform 分配貨幣化distribution of money 分稅制度財(cái)政體制the revenue-sharing system 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范機(jī)制a risk prevention mechanism 服從全局、服務(wù)全局be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of the country 復(fù)雜多變的國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境complicated and volatile economic environment both at home and abroad 改革價(jià)格形成機(jī)制reform the price formation mechanism 干堤的修復(fù)加固任務(wù)the task of repairing and reinforcing the main dikes

干法旋窯水泥dry-process rotary kilns

敢抓敢管、不講情面 have the courage to bear their responsibilities and exercise management no matter what others might think 高等教育―211工程‖ the ―211‖ Project for higher education

高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃 plans for the development of high-tech industries 高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化 apply high technology to production 高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化示范工程 high-tech model projects to demonstrate their commercial viability

高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，全面貫徹'三個(gè)代表'重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of 'Three Represents' 高清晰度電視功能樣機(jī) functional prototype of high definition TV 個(gè)人所得稅法 the Law on Personal Income Tax 個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)、私營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì) self-employed and private businesses 各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的客觀需要 the needs of the economic development of different regions 各級(jí)各類教育 all forms of education at all levels

各種―小金庫(kù)‖屢禁不止 failures to prohibit unauthorized departmental coffers repeatedly 各種偷稅、騙稅和逃稅行為 all acts of tax evasion and tax fraud 工程監(jiān)理制 project supervision system 工程質(zhì)量事故 accidents resulting from poor quality of projects 工業(yè)增加值 industrial added value 公開市場(chǎng)操作 open-market operations 共建、調(diào)整、合作、合并 a program of joint development, adjustment, cooperation and mergers 購(gòu)買力 purchasing power 鼓勵(lì)兼并 encourage mergers 關(guān)心群眾疾苦 help alleviate their hardships 規(guī)范管理 standardized administration 規(guī)范化的財(cái)政管理 standardized financial management 規(guī)范破產(chǎn) standardize bankruptcy procedures 規(guī)范稅制 standardize the tax system 國(guó)際公認(rèn) internationally recognized 國(guó)際通行的吸引外資方式 internationally accepted methods of absorbing foreign investment 國(guó)家財(cái)政包攬過多 The state finance takes on too much financial burden.國(guó)家發(fā)展計(jì)劃委員會(huì)the State Development Planning Commission 國(guó)家確定的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域投資 investment in the key areas designated by the state 國(guó)家稅源的大量流失 great loss of state revenue 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目 national key scientific research projects 國(guó)庫(kù)券 treasury bonds 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各方面 all sectors of the national economy 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 gross national product(GNP)國(guó)內(nèi)短缺原材料和資源性產(chǎn)品 raw and semi-finished materials and resource products which are in short supply in China 國(guó)有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行 wholly state-funded commercial bank 國(guó)有企業(yè)改革reform of state-owned enterprises 國(guó)有企業(yè)和集體企業(yè)資本金統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)告制度 a system for reporting statistics on the capital funds of state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises 國(guó)有企業(yè)重組 regroup SOEs 國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行一級(jí)法人管理 management of the state-owned commercial banks with only their head offices as their legal persons 國(guó)有資產(chǎn)管理、監(jiān)督和營(yíng)運(yùn)機(jī)制 management, supervision and operation of state-owned assets 國(guó)有資源有償使用 paid use of state-owned resources 國(guó)債資金 the capital obtained from issuance of government bonds 過剩的生產(chǎn)能力 excessive production capacity 海峽兩岸關(guān)系 cross-Strait relations 合同管理制 contract management system 黑市交易 black market transaction in foreign exchanges 很多上海企業(yè)涌向西部，掀起了去西部的淘金熱。Many enterprises of Shanghai go on a 'gold-rush' spree in the western parts of China.宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo) macro-control targets 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)期目標(biāo) macroeconomic targets 會(huì)計(jì)法 the Accounting Law 會(huì)計(jì)信息質(zhì)量抽查公告制度 the system for publicizing the results of random inspections for the quality of accounting information 積極的財(cái)政政策 a proactive fiscal policy 基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌 unified basic old-age insurance at the provincial level 基層監(jiān)督grass-roots supervision 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè) construction of infrastructural facilities 緝私 suppress smuggling 稽察特派員 special inspectors 及時(shí)、足額發(fā)放 timely and full funding of pension 急需安排的重點(diǎn)支出 urgently needed expenditures for key construction projects 擠占、挪用財(cái)政投資 misappropriation or diversion of financial investment 技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) technology-intensive industries 加大處罰力度 severely punish those who violate the law and discipline 加大宏觀調(diào)控力度 tighten macro-control 加大轉(zhuǎn)移支付力度 increase transfer payments 加工貿(mào)易 trade involving the processing of supplied raw materials 加快經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 accelerate economic restructuring 加強(qiáng)軍隊(duì)和政權(quán)建設(shè) strengthen army building and the organs of political power 加強(qiáng)征管、堵塞漏洞、懲治腐敗、清繳欠稅‖的方針the principle of ―tightening collection and management, plugging up loopholes, punishing corruption and clearing up overdue taxes‖ 價(jià)格法 the Price Law 價(jià)格歧視 price discrimination 堅(jiān)持解放思想、實(shí)事求是的思想路線，弘揚(yáng)與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.堅(jiān)定信心 proceed with confidence 堅(jiān)決不搞重復(fù)建設(shè) prohibit redundant projects 堅(jiān)決杜絕劣質(zhì)工程 prohibit inferior projects 艱苦奮斗、勤儉建國(guó) hard work, plain living and building up the country through thrift 減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān) lighten the burden on enterprises 減人增效 increase efficiency by downsizing payrolls 減少福利型、供給型、實(shí)物型分配reduce distribution in the form of welfare, supply and kind 減員增效 downsize staffs and improve efficiency 剪彩儀式ribbon-cutting ceremonies 建立公共財(cái)政的基本框架 establish the basic framework for a system of public finance 建設(shè)文明幸福家庭 the development of civilized and happy families 健全項(xiàng)目法人責(zé)任制 the system of holding the legal person responsible for projects 講排場(chǎng)、擺闊氣、比享受 ostentatious behavior and pleasure-seeking 降低銀行存貸款利率 lower bank interest rates for savings deposits and loans, 節(jié)能、節(jié)水、節(jié)地和低污染新型材料new building materials that help to save energy, water and land resources and cause less environmental pollution 金融體制改革 reform of the financial system 金融資產(chǎn)管理公司 financial asset management companies 進(jìn)出口商品結(jié)構(gòu) pattern of imports and exports 經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū) economically underdeveloped areas 經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展后勁 future economic growth 經(jīng)濟(jì)房 low-cost housing 經(jīng)營(yíng)收費(fèi) operating charges 精打細(xì)算 meticulous plan all expenditures 精心設(shè)計(jì) meticulous design 九屆全國(guó)人大四次會(huì)議the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress 九屆全國(guó)政協(xié)常委遞補(bǔ)委員 by-elect members to the Standing Committee of the Ninth CPPCC National Committee 就業(yè)問題 the problem of employment 具有稅收性質(zhì)的政府性基金或?qū)ｍ?xiàng)性收費(fèi) government funds and special charges of a tax nature 絕不能花錢大手大腳 absolutely cannot spend money lavishly 軍隊(duì)、武警部隊(duì)、政法機(jī)關(guān)與企業(yè)脫鉤the army, armed police and procuratorial, judicial and public security organs have severed their ties with enterprises 開拓城鄉(xiāng)市場(chǎng) develop urban and rural markets 開拓農(nóng)村消費(fèi)市場(chǎng) develop consumer markets in rural areas 抗洪救災(zāi) fight floods and provide disaster relief 科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化 the commercialization of research findings

科技發(fā)展基金 a science and technology development fund 科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略 the strategy of invigorating China through the development of science and education 科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步 scientific and technological progress 科學(xué)論證 scientific verification 科學(xué)有效的收入組織機(jī)制 a scientific and effective mechanism for collecting revenue 可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 the strategy of sustainable development 可支配收入 disposable income 肯定成績(jī) affirm our achievements 控制在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)可以承受的范圍之內(nèi) keep within the limits of the national economic strength 跨省區(qū)分行trans-provincial or trans-regional branches 虧損企業(yè) loss-generating enterprises 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，刺激消費(fèi) expand/ increase domestic demand and stimulate consumption 擴(kuò)大住房貸款，助學(xué)貸款和大件消費(fèi)品貸款expand housing loans, student loans and major commodity loans 拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)stimulate economic growth 來之不易hard-won achievements 浪費(fèi)資源 resource-wasting 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng) the labor market 勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)的提高 improve the quality of laborers 老工業(yè)基地 old industrial bases 離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金 basic pensions for retirees 離退休人員養(yǎng)老金 pensions to retired employees 理順稅、費(fèi)、價(jià)三者關(guān)系 straighten out the relationships among taxes, charges and prices 厲行節(jié)約 practice economy 糧食流通體制改革 reform of the grain distribution system 糧食市場(chǎng)的宏觀調(diào)控能力 the state’s capacity for macro-control of the grain market 糧食政策性補(bǔ)貼 policy-related grain subsidies 兩大歷史性課題（提高黨的執(zhí)政能力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平、提高拒腐防變和抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力）the two major historic subjects of enhancing the abilities of administration and art of leadership and resisting corruption, guarding against degeneration and warding off risks.林區(qū) forested areas 零基預(yù)算制度 a zero-base budgeting system 漏征漏管戶 tax dodgers 面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn) meet the serious challenge 民族地區(qū) regions inhabited by ethnic groups 名優(yōu)產(chǎn)品 famous brand high-quality products 牟取暴利price hikes for exorbitant profits 年度國(guó)家預(yù)算annual State budge 農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)改造projects to upgrade rural power grids 農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力 surplus rural workers 起草社會(huì)治安法drafting a social security law 全國(guó)人大常務(wù)委員會(huì) the NPC Standing Committee 全國(guó)人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)(簡(jiǎn)稱 全國(guó)人大)National People's Congress(NPC)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì) the NPC Standing Committee 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)辦公廳the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)主席團(tuán) the NPC Presidium 全國(guó)政協(xié)委員 member of the national committee of CPPCC 全面推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)的新的偉大工程forge ahead with the new great project of Party building 全體會(huì)議plenary meeting 權(quán)貴資本主義'(又譯裙帶資本主義或親朋好友資本主義)crony capitalism 人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值per-capita gross domestic product(GDP)弱勢(shì)群體 disadvantaged groups(對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體給予特殊的就業(yè)援助。--Special employment assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups.)三個(gè)代表 three represents theory(the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)三講教育：講學(xué)習(xí)，講政治，講正氣three emphases education(to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)三峽工程Three-Gorges Project 三峽移民Migrants from Three Gorges area 生計(jì)問題 bread-and butter issue 生態(tài)建筑 ecological construction 使大多數(shù)虧損企業(yè)扭虧為盈 bring the majority of money-losing firms into the black 試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目 pilot project 特困行業(yè)和企業(yè)industries and enterprises in dire straits 退耕還林、還草工程Grain for Green Project 網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司 a web-based economy 西部大開發(fā)the strategy of developing the western region 西電東送 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region 下崗工人基本生活津貼the basic living allowance for laid-off workers 下崗職工基本生活費(fèi)subsistence allowances for laid-off workers 現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育modern distance education 憲法修正案 amendments to the Constitution 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè) township enterprises 小組討論 panel discussions/group discussions 新聞發(fā)布會(huì) press conference 醫(yī)保制度改革Reform of medical insurance system 醫(yī)療改革 health care reform 隱形就業(yè) hidden employment 有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義民主政治socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics 與時(shí)俱進(jìn) advance with the times 再就業(yè)下崗人員re-employment of laid-off workers 增收節(jié)支increase revenue and cut government expenditure 債轉(zhuǎn)股 debt-to-equity swap 政府工作報(bào)告government's work report 政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革Reform of government institutions 制定反貪法規(guī)anti-corruption legislation 中共中央委員會(huì)CPC Central Committee 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十六次全國(guó)代表大會(huì) 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China(16th NCCPC)中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議全國(guó)委員會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱 全國(guó)政協(xié)）National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議全國(guó)委員會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì) Standing committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 中國(guó)政協(xié)委員 member of the National Committee of CPPCC 中央紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 重慶（直轄）市 China's Chongqing Municipality 諸國(guó)議會(huì)同盟Inter-Parliamentary Union(IPU)資源豐富的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)（指中國(guó)西部）the resource-rich hinterland 綜合國(guó)力 overall national streng Chinese Governmental Sections after the Adminitrative Transformation

1、外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs

2、國(guó)防部 Ministry of National Defence

3、國(guó)家發(fā)展計(jì)劃委員會(huì) State Development Planning Commission

4、國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃委員會(huì) State Economy and Trade Commission

5、教育部 Ministry of Education

全國(guó)高考 the National College Entrance Examination

6、科學(xué)技術(shù)部 Ministry of Science and Technology

7、國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)工業(yè)委員會(huì) Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence

8、國(guó)家民族事務(wù)委員會(huì) State Ethnic Affairs Commission

9、公安部 Ministry of Public Security

10、國(guó)家安全部 Ministry of State Security

11、監(jiān)察部 Ministry of Supervision

12、民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs

13、司法部 Ministry of Justice

14、財(cái)政部 Ministry of Finance

15、人事部 Ministry of Personnel

16、勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security

17、國(guó)土資源部 Ministry of Land and Resources

18、建設(shè)部 Ministry of Construction

19、鐵道部 Ministry of Railways

20、交通部 Ministry of Communications

21、信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部 Ministry of Information Industry

22、水利部 Ministry of Water Resources

23、農(nóng)業(yè)部 Ministry of Agricultry

24、對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

25、文化部 Ministry of Culture

26、衛(wèi)生部 Ministry of Health

27、國(guó)家計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì) State Family Planning Commission

28、中國(guó)人民銀行 The People's Bank of China

29、審計(jì)署 National Auditing Administration

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（05）--環(huán)境保護(hù)詞匯

21世紀(jì)議程 Agenda 21（the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里約）, — provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）

世界環(huán)境日 World Environment Day(June 5th each year)世界環(huán)境日主題 World Environment Day Themes 環(huán)境千年—行動(dòng)起來吧?。?000）The Environment MillenniumOur FutureSave Our Seas!為了地球上的生命（1997）For Life on Earth 我們的地球、居住地、家園（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home 國(guó)際生物多樣性日 International Biodiversity Day(29 December)世界水日 World Water Day(22 March)世界氣象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day(8 June)聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境與發(fā)展大會(huì)（環(huán)發(fā)大會(huì)）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED)環(huán)發(fā)大會(huì)首腦會(huì)議 Summit Session of UNCED 聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署 United Nations Environment Programs（UNEP）2000年全球環(huán)境展望報(bào)告 GEO-2000;Global Environmental Outlook 2000 入選―全球500佳獎(jiǎng)‖ be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 聯(lián)合國(guó)人類居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements(UNCHS)

改善人類居住環(huán)境最佳范例獎(jiǎng) Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement 人與生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere(MAB)Programme(UNESCO)中國(guó)21世紀(jì)議程 China’s Agenda 21

中國(guó)生物多樣性保護(hù)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中國(guó)跨世紀(jì)綠色工程規(guī)劃 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局 State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA)中國(guó)環(huán)?；痉结?China’s guiding principles for environmental protection

堅(jiān)持環(huán)境保護(hù)基本國(guó)策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development 貫徹經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)、環(huán)境建設(shè)同步規(guī)劃、同步實(shí)施、同步發(fā)展（三同步）的方針 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection(the ―three synchronizes‖ principle)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth 實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、社會(huì)效益和環(huán)境效益的統(tǒng)一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection 中國(guó)環(huán)?；菊?the basic policies of China’s environmental protection

預(yù)防為主、防治結(jié)合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control 污染者負(fù)擔(dān)的政策 ―the-polluters-pay‖ policy

強(qiáng)化環(huán)境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 一控雙達(dá)標(biāo)政策 policy of ―One Order, Two Goals‖: ―一控‖：12種工業(yè)污染物的排放量控制在國(guó)家規(guī)定的排放總量 The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.;―雙達(dá)標(biāo)‖： 1.到2000年底，全國(guó)所有的工業(yè)污染源要達(dá)到國(guó)家或地方規(guī)定的污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000.2.到2000年底，47個(gè)重點(diǎn)城市的空氣和地面水達(dá)到國(guó)家規(guī)定的環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 2.Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.對(duì)新項(xiàng)目實(shí)行環(huán)境影響評(píng)估 conduct environmental impact assessments(EIA)on start-up projects 提高全民環(huán)保意識(shí) raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 查處違反環(huán)保法規(guī)案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection 環(huán)保執(zhí)法檢查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time 中國(guó)已加入的國(guó)際公約 international conventions into which China has accessed

控制危險(xiǎn)廢物越境轉(zhuǎn)移及其處置的巴塞爾公約 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 關(guān)于消耗臭氧層物質(zhì)的蒙特利爾議定書 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 生物多樣性公約 Convention on Biological Diversity 防治荒漠化國(guó)際公約 Convention to Combat Desertification 氣候變化框架公約 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生態(tài)示范區(qū) eco-demonstration region;environment-friendly region 國(guó)家級(jí)生態(tài)示范區(qū)（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 國(guó)家級(jí)園林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 對(duì)水質(zhì)和空氣質(zhì)量的影響 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理環(huán)境污染 curb environmental pollution;bring the pollution under control 海藻 mostly in polluted waters)工業(yè)固體廢物 industrial solid wastes 白色污染 white pollution(by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性廢料積存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有機(jī)污染物 organic pollutants

氰化物、砷、汞排放 discharge of cyanide, arsenic, mercury 鉛、鎘、六價(jià)鉻 lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium 城市垃圾無害化處理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋場(chǎng) refuse landfill 垃圾焚化廠 refuse incinerator 防止過度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤鹽堿化 soil alkalization 農(nóng)藥殘留 pesticide residue 水土保持 conservation of water and soil 生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè) environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 水資源保護(hù)區(qū) water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization

保護(hù)珊瑚礁、紅樹林和漁業(yè)資源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource 綠化祖國(guó) turn the country green 全民義務(wù)植樹日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestation project 綠化面積 afforested areas;greening space 森林覆蓋率 forest coverage 防風(fēng)林 wind breaks（防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing tree

降低資源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation 開發(fā)可再生資源 develop renewable resources 環(huán)保產(chǎn)品 environment-friendly products 自然保護(hù)區(qū) nature reserve 野生動(dòng)植物 wild animals and plants, wild fauna and flora 保護(hù)生存環(huán)境 conserve natural habitats 瀕危野生動(dòng)物 endangered wildlife 珍稀瀕危物種繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng) natural ecosystems 防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification 環(huán)境負(fù)荷 carrying capacity of environment 三廢綜合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes 先天與后天，遺傳與環(huán)境 nature-nurture 美化環(huán)境 landscaping design for environmental purposes 防止沿海地帶不可逆轉(zhuǎn)惡化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation 環(huán)境惡化 environmental degradation 城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization 溫飽型農(nóng)業(yè) subsistence agriculture 貧困的惡性循環(huán) vicious cycle of poverty 大氣監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng) atmospheric monitoring system 空氣污染濃度 air pollution concentration 酸雨、越境空氣污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution 二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide(SO2)emissions 懸浮顆粒物 suspended particles

工業(yè)粉塵排放 industrial dust discharged 煙塵排放 soot emissions 二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide(NO2)礦物燃料（煤、石油、天然氣）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清潔能源 clean energy 汽車尾氣排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾氣凈化器 exhaust purifier 無鉛汽油 lead-free gasoline 天然氣汽車 gas-fueled vehicles

電動(dòng)汽車 cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 氯氟烴 CFCs 溫室效應(yīng) greenhouse effect 厄爾尼諾南徊 ENSO(El Nino Southern Oscillation)噪音 noise（分貝 db;decibel）

化學(xué)需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一個(gè)指標(biāo)）COD；chemical oxygen demand 生物需氧量 BOD;biological oxygen demand 工業(yè)廢水處理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水處理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中處理廠 centralized treatment plant 紅潮 red tide(rapid propagation of sea algae

英語―氣象‖用語表達(dá)法

1、氣候種類

山地氣候 mountain climate 恒風(fēng) constant wind 微風(fēng) breeze 冬季季風(fēng)氣候 winter monsoon climate 逆風(fēng) headwind 臺(tái)風(fēng) typhoon 季風(fēng)氣候 monsoon climate 高氣壓 high-pressure 鋒面 frontal edge 亞熱帶氣候 sub-tropical climate 氣團(tuán) air mass 熱浪 heat wave 高原氣候 plateau climate 閃電 lightning 霧 fog 海濱氣候 littoral climate 涼 cool 霜 frost 極地氣候 polar climate 雪堆 snowdrift 露 dew 熱帶氣候 tropical climate 寒冷 chilly

3、風(fēng)的名稱

溫帶沙漠氣候 temperate desert climate 間歇雨 intermittent rain 無風(fēng) calm 溫帶干燥氣候 temperate arid climate 大雨 heavy rain 輕風(fēng) light breeze 熱帶季風(fēng)氣候 tropical monsson climate 信風(fēng) trade wind 微風(fēng) gentle breeze 大陸氣候 continental climate 天氣預(yù)報(bào) weather forecast 和風(fēng) moderate breeze 沙漠氣候 desert climate 甘霖 welcome rain 清風(fēng) fresh breeze 沿海氣候 coastal climate 冰柱 icicle 強(qiáng)風(fēng) strong breeze 高地氣候 海洋氣候 森林氣候 溫帶氣候 highland climate 西北風(fēng) northwester 疾風(fēng) near gale marine climate 地形雨 local rains 大風(fēng) gale forest climate 狂風(fēng) squall 烈風(fēng) strong gale temperate climate 雨季 rainy season 狂風(fēng) storm 濕潤(rùn)氣候 humid climate 雨點(diǎn) raindrops 暴風(fēng) violent storm 溫帶草原氣候 temperate grassy climate 東北信風(fēng) northeast trades 颶風(fēng) hurricane 熱帶雨林氣候 tropical rainy climate 東南風(fēng) southeaster 臺(tái)風(fēng) typhoon 熱帶海洋氣候 tropical marine climate 風(fēng)級(jí) wind scale 龍卷風(fēng) tornado

2、氣象用語 虹 rainbow

小雨 light rain 陣雨 shower平靜 calm 毛毛雨 drizzle,fine rain 疾風(fēng) gusty wind 微波 rippled 反常天氣 freakish weather 氣旋 cyclone 微浪 smooth wavelets 北風(fēng) north wind 氣壓 barometric pressure 細(xì)浪 light seas 冰 ice 陰天 cloudy day 小浪 moderate seas 冰點(diǎn) freezing point 雪花 snow flake 中浪 rough seas 西南風(fēng) southwester 晴 clear 大浪 very rough seas 冷峰 cold front 順風(fēng) favorable wind 強(qiáng)浪 high seas 低氣壓 low-pressure 悶熱天氣 muggy weather 巨浪 very high seas 雨量 rainfall 雹 hail 狂浪 monster waves 東北風(fēng) northeaster 雷 thunder

3、自然災(zāi)害

東風(fēng) east wind 滂沱大雨 downpour 火山地震 volcanic earthquake 炎熱 scorching heat 暖鋒 warm front 海嘯 tidal wave 風(fēng)眼 eye of a storm 零度 zero 山崩 landslide 零度以下 subzero

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（06）--機(jī)關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)詞匯

部屬機(jī)構(gòu)屬譯名（以化學(xué)工業(yè)為例）化學(xué)工業(yè)部 Ministry of Chemical Industry 辦公廳 General Office 計(jì)劃司 Planning Department 外事司 Foreign Affairs Department 人事司 Personnel Department 化工新材料局 New Chemical Material Department 化工司 Chemical Department 橡膠司 Rubber Department 煉化司 Department of Refining and Chemicals 礦山司 Chemical Mines Bureau 化工規(guī)劃院 Chemical Planning Institute 設(shè)備總公司 Equipment General Corporation 基建局 Capital Construction Department 教育司 Education Department 化肥司 Chemical Fertilizer Department 供銷局 Department of Supply and Sales 市屬機(jī)械譯名（以北京市為例）

北京市人大常委會(huì) Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨北京市委員會(huì)Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC 中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議北京市委員會(huì)Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC 北京市人民政府 Beijing Municipal People's Government 高級(jí)人民法院 High People's Court 人民檢察院 People's Procuratorate 外事辦公室 Foreign Affairs Office 僑務(wù)辦公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 財(cái)貿(mào)辦公室 Office of Finance and Trade 文教辦公室 Office of Culture and Education 計(jì)劃委員會(huì) Planning Committee 經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì) Economic Committee 城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)委員會(huì) Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction 科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會(huì) Committee of Science and Technology 城市規(guī)劃委員會(huì) Committee of Municipal Design 對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)委員會(huì) Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries 市政管理委員會(huì) Municipal Administration Committee 民族委員會(huì) Nationalities Committee 體育委員會(huì) Physical Culture and Sports Committee 計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì) Family Planning Committee 人事局 Personnel Bureau 科技干部管理局 Bureau of Scientific and Technical Personnel 老干部局 Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres 統(tǒng)計(jì)局 Statistical Bureau 物價(jià)局 Bureau of Commodity Price 工商行政管理局 Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce 商品檢驗(yàn)局 Bureau for Inspection of Commodities 審計(jì)局 Auditing Bureau 財(cái)政局 Finance Bureau 稅務(wù)局 Tax Bureau 勞動(dòng)局 Labor Bureau 檔案局 Archives Bureau 物資管理局 Bureau of Materials 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)量局 Bureau of Standard Measurement 公用局 Bureau if Public Utilities 廣播電視局 Bureau of Radio and Television 教育委員會(huì) Education Committee 文化局 Bureau of Culture 文物事業(yè)管理局 Bureau of Cultural Relics 衛(wèi)生局 Health Bureau 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)管理局 Bureau if Township Enterprise Management 地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)局 Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources 農(nóng)業(yè)局 Agricultural Bureau 林業(yè)局 Forestry Bureau 水產(chǎn)局 Bureau of Aquatic Products 氣象局 Meteorological Bureau 水資源管理局 Control Bureau of Water Resources 園林局 Bureau of Parks and Woods 環(huán)境保護(hù)局 Bureau for Environmental Protection 環(huán)境衛(wèi)生管理局 Bureau for Environmental Health 商業(yè)委員會(huì) Commerce Committee 糧食局 Food Bureau 房地產(chǎn)管理局 Real Estate Bureau 城市規(guī)劃管理局 Bureau for Municipal Design 機(jī)械設(shè)備成套局 Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery and Equipment 公安局 Public Security Bureau 安全局 Security Bureau 司法局 Justice Bureau 民政局 Bureau of Civil Affairs 勞改工作管理局 Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work 旅游局 Travel Bureau/Tourism Administration 鐵路局 Railways Bureau 郵政局 Post Bureau 電信局 Telecommunications Bureau 北京民航管理局 Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation 北京海關(guān) Beijing Customs 外交人員服務(wù)局 Service Bureau for Foreign Officials 首都鋼鐵公司 Capital Iron and Steel Company 燕山石化總公司 Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation 企業(yè)

半導(dǎo)體器械廠 Semi-Conductor Apparatus Plant 包裝材料廠 Packaging Materials Plant 保溫瓶廠 Thermos Flask Factory 煉鋼廠 Steel Works 被單廠 Bed sheet Factory 變壓器廠 Transformer factory 玻璃制品廠 Glassware Factory 茶廠 Tea Processing Factory 柴油機(jī)廠 Diesel Engine Plant 車輛制造廠 Railway Car Plant 船舶修造廠 Ship Repair Yard 燈具廠 Lighting Equipment Factory 低壓開關(guān)廠 Low-Voltage Switch Factory 汽車制造廠 Automobile Works 發(fā)電廠 Power Plant 電動(dòng)工具廠 Electric Tool Works 電機(jī)廠 Electrical Machinery Plant 電訊器材廠 Telecommunication Apparatus Factory 電子管廠 Electronic Tube Factory 電子設(shè)備廠 Electronic Equipment Factory 鑄造廠 Foundry Works 紡織機(jī)械廠 Textile Machinery Plant 服裝廠 Garment Factory 皮革制品廠 Leather Goods Factory 罐頭食品廠 Canned Food Plant 光學(xué)儀器廠 Optical Instrument Factory 廣播器材廠 Broadcasting Equipment Factory 鍋爐廠 Boiler Factory 化肥廠 Chemical Fertilizer Plant 化工廠 Chemical Works 化學(xué)纖維廠 Chemical Fiber Plant 化妝品廠 Cosmetics Plant 機(jī)床廠 Machine Tools Plant 機(jī)械修理廠 Machine Repair Plant 建筑機(jī)械廠 Construction Machinery Plant 金屬工藝制品廠 Metal Handicraft Plant 晶體管廠 Transistor Factory 絕緣材料廠 Insulating Materials Plant 民族樂器廠 Folk Music Instrument Factory 煉油廠 Oil Refinery 糧油加工廠 Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory 毛紡織廠 Woolen Mill 木材廠 Timber Mill 家具廠 Furniture Factory 農(nóng)藥廠 Insecticide Factory 啤酒廠 Beer Brewery 汽車修配廠 Motor-Car Repair and Assembly Plant 人造纖維廠 Artificial Fiber Plant 乳品加工廠 Milk Processing Plant 石油化工機(jī)械廠 Petro-Chemical Machinery Plant 水泥廠 Cement Plant 塑料廠 Plastics Plant 搪瓷廠 Enamel Plant 陶瓷廠 Pottery and porcelain Factory 通用機(jī)械廠 General Machinery Plant 玩具廠 Toy Factory 無線電器材廠 Radio Appliances Factory 五金廠 Hardware Factory 橡膠廠 Rubber Plant 制藥廠 Pharmaceutical Factory 羊毛衫廠 Woolen Sweater Mill 針織廠 Knitwear Mill 冶煉廠 Metallurgical Plant 醫(yī)療器械廠 Medical Apparatus Factory 儀表廠 Instrument and Meters Factory 飲料廠 Soft Drinks Plant 印染廠 Printing and Dyeing Mill 油漆廠 Paint Factory 有機(jī)化工廠 Organic Chemical Plant 造紙機(jī)械廠 Paper Making Machinery Plant 造船廠 Shipbuilding Plant 自行車廠 Bicycle Plant 公司、企業(yè)集團(tuán)

家用電器有限公司 Household Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd.技貿(mào)公司 Technology and Trade Co., Ltd.鋼鐵公司 Iron and Steel Company 保安服務(wù)公司 Security Service Company 針織有限公司 Knitting Company Ltd.實(shí)業(yè)集團(tuán)公司 Industrial Group Corporation 國(guó)際租賃公司 International Leasing Company 電子技術(shù)開發(fā)公司 Electronic Technology Development Co.毛紡織有限公司 Woolen Textile Co., Ltd.系統(tǒng)工程有限公司 System Engineering Corporation 計(jì)算機(jī)集團(tuán)公司 Computer Group Co.時(shí)裝有限公司 Fashion Company Ltd.廣告公司 Advertising Company 科學(xué)技術(shù)開發(fā)公司 Science and Technical Development Company 水產(chǎn)品有限公司 Aquatic Product Company Ltd.旅游公司 Travel Corporation 服裝公司 Garment Company Ltd.國(guó)際廣告展覽有限公司International Advertising and Exposition Co., Ltd.電冰箱廠有限公司 Refrigerator Factory Co., Ltd.電風(fēng)扇工業(yè)公司 Electric Fan Industry Company 電話技術(shù)開發(fā)服務(wù)公司Telephonic Technology Development Service Co.電力機(jī)械制造公司 Electrical Machinery Manufacturing Company 電信發(fā)展公司 Telecommunications Development Co.電子器材公司 Electronic Equipment & Materials Corporation 建筑工程 Construction Project Consulting 咨詢公司 Corporation 科學(xué)儀器 Scientific Instrument Import and 進(jìn)出口公司 Export Co.儀器設(shè)備公司 Instrument and Equipment Company 汽車企業(yè)集團(tuán) Automobile Enterprise Group 技術(shù)開發(fā)咨詢公司 Technical Development and Consultancy Co.對(duì)外服務(wù)公司 Foreign Service Company 對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展公司 Foreign Economic Development Company 紡織企業(yè)集團(tuán) Textile Enterprise Group 對(duì)外貿(mào)易公司 Foreign Trade Company 貿(mào)易有限公司 Trading Company Ltd.國(guó)際投資有限公司 International Investment Company 塑料制品有限公司 Plastic Products Co., Ltd.工藝美術(shù)品公司 Arts and Crafts Corporation 國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作公司International Economic & Technological Consulting Corporation 國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)公司 International Economic Development Corporation 國(guó)際科技咨詢公司 International Scientific and Technological Consulting Corporation 國(guó)際貿(mào)易展覽公司 International Trade Exhibition Company 國(guó)際商業(yè)服務(wù)公司 International Commercial Service Company 國(guó)際信息處理有限公司International Information Processing Co., Ltd.國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作公司 International Economic Cooperation Corporation 國(guó)際工程集團(tuán) International Engineering Group Corporation 制衣實(shí)業(yè)公司 Garments Industrial Company 化工工程咨詢公司 Chemical Engineering Consulting Corporation 計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù) Computer Technology Service 服務(wù)公司 Corporation 工程承包有限公司 Project Contracting Co., Ltd.建筑設(shè)計(jì)合資公司 Building Design Joint Venture Corporation 交通進(jìn)出口 Communications Import & Export 服務(wù)公司 Service Company 飯店集團(tuán)服務(wù)公司 Hotel Group, Ltd.飲料有限公司 Beverage Company Limited 建筑工程公司 Construction Engineering Co.陶瓷企業(yè)集團(tuán) Porcelain Industry Complex 飼料技術(shù)開發(fā)集團(tuán) Feed Technological Development Group 能源開發(fā)公司 Energy Development Corporation 民辦交通信息中心 Non-Governmental Transport Information Center 國(guó)貨有限公司 China Products Company Ltd.氣象服務(wù)公司 Meteorological Service Company 農(nóng)資公司 Agricultural Materials Company 化纖工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司 Chemical Fiber Industry Group 房產(chǎn)投資有限公司 Realty & Investment Company 房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)公司 Real Estate Development Company 國(guó)際集裝箱有限公司 International Container Co., Ltd.證券公司 Securities Company 塑料皮革工業(yè)公司 Plastics and Leather Industrial Company 討債公司 Debt Collecting Company 新型建筑材料供應(yīng)公司 New Building Materials Supply Company 金融、保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)

中國(guó)人民銀行 People's Bank of China 中國(guó)人民建設(shè)銀行 People's Construction Bank of China 中國(guó)工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行 Agricultural Bank of China 中國(guó)銀行 Bank of China 交通銀行 Bank of Communications 中國(guó)投資銀行 China Investment Bank 中信實(shí)業(yè)銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中國(guó)光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China 廈門國(guó)際銀行 Xiamen International Bank 廣東發(fā)展銀行 Guangdong Development Bank 浦東發(fā)展銀行 Pudong Development Bank 中國(guó)國(guó)際信托投資公司 China International Trust ＆ Investment Corporation 中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司 People's Insurance Company of China平安保險(xiǎn)公司 Ping An Insurance Company 中國(guó)人壽保險(xiǎn)公司 China Life Insurance Company Ltd.商店

書店 books store 糧店 grain store 食品點(diǎn) food store 煤店 coal store 食品雜貨（副食品）店 grocery 醬園 sauce and pickles shop 肉店 meat(butcher's)shop 酒店 wine shop 水產(chǎn)店 aquatic products shop 家禽店 fowl shop 豆腐店 bean curd shop 烤肉店 roast meat shop 鹵味店 sauced meat shop 飲食店 food and drink shop 小吃店 eating house(snack bar)飯店 restaurant 冷飲店 cold drinks shop 蔬菜店水果店 green grocery(green grocer's)蔬菜店 vegetables shop 鞋帽店 shoes and hats store 百貨公司 department store 百貨商場(chǎng) general merchandise market 服裝店 clothing store 成衣店 ready-made clothes shop 呢絨綢布店 wool, silk and cotton fabrics store 藥店（美：雜貨店）drug store(pharmacy)兒童用品商店 children's goods shop 婦女用品商店 women's goods shop 鐘表店 watch and clock ship 文具店 stationer's(stationery shop)日用雜貨店 daily-use sundry goods shop 炊事用具商店 cooking utensils shop 家用器具商店 household utensils shop 五金商店 metal products shop 家具店 furniture shop 眼鏡店 eyeglasses store 玻璃禮品店 glass gifts store 爆竹鞭炮店 fireworks shop 電器商店 electrical appliance shop 油漆店 paint shop 化工油漆染料店 chemicals, paint and dyestuffs shop 地產(chǎn)建材商店 native building materials store 照相館（攝影室）photographic studio(photographer's)舊貨店 second-hand goods store(used goods store)寄賣商店 commission shop 綜合修理店 general repair shop(service)工藝美術(shù)服務(wù)社 arts and crafts shop 花店 flower shop 古玩珠寶店 antiques and jewelry shop 香煙店（攤）cigarette shop(stall)售報(bào)亭 newspaper and magazine stand 茶館 tea house 理發(fā)店 barber's shop(hairdresser's)洗澡堂 bath house 旅店/旅館 inn/ hotel 郵局 post office 中國(guó)人民團(tuán)體People’s Organizations of China

測(cè)繪學(xué)會(huì) Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 地震學(xué)會(huì) Seismological Society 國(guó)際金融學(xué)會(huì) International Finance Society 國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略問題學(xué)會(huì) Institute for International Strategic Studies 海洋學(xué)會(huì) Society of Oceanography 科普學(xué)會(huì) Popular Science Society 全國(guó)少年兒童文化藝術(shù)委員會(huì) National Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children 全國(guó)少年兒童工作協(xié)調(diào)委員會(huì) National Children’s Work Coordination Committee 全國(guó)史學(xué)會(huì) China Society of History 宋慶齡基金會(huì)（上海）Song Ching Ling Foundation(Shanghai)中國(guó)奧林匹克委員會(huì) Chinese Olympic Committee 中國(guó)筆會(huì)中心 Chinese Pen Center 中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化協(xié)會(huì) China Association for Standardization 中國(guó)殘疾人福利基金會(huì) China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped 中國(guó)出版協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Publishers Association 中國(guó)道教協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Taoist Association 中國(guó)電視藝術(shù)家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Television Artists Association 中國(guó)電影家協(xié)會(huì) China Film Association 中國(guó)法律質(zhì)詢中心 Chinese Legal Consultancy Center 中國(guó)法律會(huì) China Law Society 中國(guó)翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì) Translators Association of China 中國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Buddhists Association 中國(guó)福利會(huì) China Welfare Institute 中國(guó)歌劇研究會(huì) Chinese Opera Research Institute 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)主義青年團(tuán) Communist Youth League of China 中國(guó)國(guó)際法學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Society of International Law 中國(guó)國(guó)際交流協(xié)會(huì) Association for International Understanding of China 中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)總會(huì) Red Cross Society of China 中國(guó)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)會(huì) China Accounting Society 中國(guó)基督教―三自‖愛國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)委員會(huì) Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China 中國(guó)基督教協(xié)會(huì) China Christian Council 中國(guó)計(jì)量測(cè)試學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Society for Measurement 中國(guó)金融學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Monetary Society 中國(guó)考古協(xié)會(huì) Archaeological Society of China 中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)史學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Society of Science and Technology History 中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì) China Society and Technology Association 中國(guó)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織全國(guó)委員會(huì) National Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO 中國(guó)聯(lián)合國(guó)協(xié)會(huì) United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China 中國(guó)美術(shù)家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Artists Association 中國(guó)民間文藝家協(xié)會(huì) China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art 中國(guó)企業(yè)管理協(xié)會(huì) China Enterprise Management Association 中國(guó)曲藝家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Ballad Singers Association 中國(guó)人民保衛(wèi)兒童基金會(huì) Chinese People’s National Committee for Defense of Children 中國(guó)人民對(duì)外友好協(xié)會(huì) Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries 中國(guó)少年兒童基金會(huì) Children’s Foundation of China 中國(guó)少年先鋒隊(duì) China Young Pioneers 中國(guó)攝影家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Photographers Society 中國(guó)書法家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Calligraphers Association 中國(guó)天主教愛國(guó)會(huì) Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association 中國(guó)天主教教務(wù)委員會(huì) National Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church 中國(guó)天主教主教團(tuán) Chinese Catholic Bishops College 中國(guó)文學(xué)藝術(shù)界聯(lián)合會(huì) China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中國(guó)舞蹈家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Dancers Association 中國(guó)戲劇家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Dramatists Association 中國(guó)伊斯蘭教協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Islamic Association 中國(guó)音樂家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Musicians Association 中國(guó)雜技藝術(shù)家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Acrobats Association 中國(guó)政法學(xué)會(huì) China Society of Political Science and Law 中國(guó)作家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Writers Association 中化全國(guó)婦女聯(lián)合會(huì) All-China Women’s Federation

中華全國(guó)工商聯(lián)合會(huì) All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce 中華全國(guó)歸國(guó)華僑聯(lián)合會(huì) All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中華全國(guó)青年聯(lián)合會(huì) All-China Youth Federation 中華全國(guó)世界語聯(lián)合會(huì) All-China Esperanto League 中華全國(guó)臺(tái)灣同胞聯(lián)誼會(huì) All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots 中華全國(guó)體育總會(huì) All-China Sports Federation 中華全國(guó)新聞工作者協(xié)會(huì) All-China Journalists’ Association 中華全國(guó)總工會(huì) All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Medical Association 國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)China's State Organs 1.全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì) National People's Congress(NPC)主席團(tuán) Presidium 常務(wù)委員會(huì) Standing Committee 辦公廳General Office 秘書處Secretariat 代表資格審查委員會(huì)Credentials Committee 提案審查委員會(huì)Motions Examination Committee 民族委員會(huì)Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委員會(huì)Law Committee 財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)Finance and Economy Committee 外事委員會(huì)Foreign Affairs Committee 教育、科學(xué)、文化和衛(wèi)生委員會(huì)Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 內(nèi)務(wù)司法委員會(huì)Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 華僑委員會(huì)Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制工作委員會(huì)Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定問題調(diào)查委員會(huì)Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 憲法修改委員會(huì)Committee for Revision of the Constitution 2.中華人民共和國(guó)主席 [President of the People's Republic of China] 3.中央軍事委員會(huì) [Central Military Commission] 4.最高人民法院 [Supreme People's Court] 5.最高人民檢察院 [Supreme People's Procuratorate] 6.國(guó)務(wù)院 [State Council](1)國(guó)務(wù)院部委 Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 國(guó)防部Ministry of National Defence 國(guó)家發(fā)展計(jì)劃委員會(huì)State Development Planning Commission 國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易委員會(huì)State Economic and Trade Commission 教育部Ministry of Education 科學(xué)技術(shù)部Ministry of Science and Technology 國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)工業(yè)委員會(huì)Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence 國(guó)家民族事物委員會(huì)State Ethnic Affairs Commission 公安部Ministry of Public Security 國(guó)家安全部Ministry of State Security 監(jiān)察部Ministry of Supervision 民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs 司法部Ministry of Justice 財(cái)政部Ministry of Finance 人事部Ministry of Personnel 勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security 國(guó)土資源部Ministry of Land and Resources 建設(shè)部Ministry of Construction 鐵道部Ministry of Railways 交通部Ministry of Communications 信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部Ministry of Information Industry 水利部Ministry of Water Resources 農(nóng)業(yè)部Ministry of Agriculture 對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture 衛(wèi)生部Ministry of Public Health 國(guó)家計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)State Family Planning Commission 中國(guó)人民銀行People's Bank of China 國(guó)家審計(jì)署State Auditing Administration(2)國(guó)務(wù)院辦事機(jī)構(gòu) Offices under the State Council 國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳General Office of the State Council 僑務(wù)辦公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs 港澳臺(tái)辦公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 臺(tái)灣事務(wù)辦公室Taiwan Affairs Office 法制辦公室Office of Legislative Affairs 經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革辦公室Office for Economic Restructuring 國(guó)務(wù)院研究室Research Office of the State Council 新聞辦公室Information Office 公司部門的英文標(biāo)識(shí)名稱 總公司 Head Office 分公司 Branch Office 營(yíng)業(yè)部 Business Office 人事部 Personnel Department 人力資源部Human Resources Department 總務(wù)部 General Affairs Department 財(cái)務(wù)部 General Accounting Department 銷售部 Sales Department 促銷部 Sales Promotion Department 國(guó)際部 International Department 出口部 Export Department 進(jìn)口部 Import Department 公共關(guān)系 Public Relations Department 廣告部 Advertising Department 企劃部 Planning Department 產(chǎn)品開發(fā)部 Product Development Department 研發(fā)部 Research and Development Department(R&D)秘書室 Secretarial Pool

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（07）--世貿(mào)組織詞匯

（補(bǔ)貼協(xié)議）可訴補(bǔ)貼Actionable subsidy(紡織品與服裝、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品)一體化進(jìn)程Integration process（服務(wù)貿(mào)易）境外消費(fèi)Consumption abroad（服務(wù)貿(mào)易）跨境交付Cross border supply（服務(wù)貿(mào)易）商業(yè)存在Commercial presence(服務(wù)貿(mào)易)自然人 natural person(服務(wù)貿(mào)易)自然人流動(dòng)Presence of natural person(解決爭(zhēng)端)被訴方Defendant（解決爭(zhēng)端）調(diào)查結(jié)果Findings(解決爭(zhēng)端)上訴Appeal(解決爭(zhēng)端)申訴方Complaint(利益的)喪失和減損Nullification and impairment(農(nóng)產(chǎn)品)國(guó)內(nèi)支持Domestic support（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品）綜合支持量AMS(Aggregate Measurement of Support)（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)內(nèi)支持）黃箱措施Amber Box measures（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)內(nèi)支持）藍(lán)箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)內(nèi)支持）綠箱措施Green Box measures(農(nóng)業(yè))多功能性 Multifunctionality（歐盟）共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策Common Agriculture Policy(爭(zhēng)端解決)專家組Panel（知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)）地理標(biāo)識(shí)Geographical indications 《巴黎公約》(關(guān)于保護(hù)工業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的公約)Paris Convention 《巴塞爾公約》（有關(guān)危險(xiǎn)廢棄物的多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定）Basel Convention 《北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定》NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement)《瀕危物種國(guó)際貿(mào)易公約》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯爾尼公約》（有關(guān)保護(hù)文學(xué)和藝術(shù)作品版權(quán)的公約）Berne Convention 《多種纖維協(xié)定》MFA(Multifibre Agreement)《紡織品與服裝協(xié)議》ATC(Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)

《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Services)《關(guān)于爭(zhēng)端解決規(guī)則與程序的諒解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)《京都議定書》 Kyoto Protocol 《里斯本條約》（有關(guān)地理標(biāo)識(shí)及其國(guó)際注冊(cè)）Lisbon Agreement 《蒙特利爾議定書》(有關(guān)保護(hù)大氣臭氧層的多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定)Montreal Protocol 《農(nóng)產(chǎn)品協(xié)議》特殊保障SSG(Special Safeguard)《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》中關(guān)于反補(bǔ)貼的和平條款Peace clause 《生物多樣性公約》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)

《信息技術(shù)協(xié)議》ITA(Information Technology Agreement)WTO最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家高級(jí)別會(huì)議HLM(WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū) NAFTA(North American Free Trade Area)采取措施后Ex post 采取措施前Ex ante 產(chǎn)品生命周期分析LCA(Life Cycle Analysis)出口補(bǔ)貼Export subsidy 出口實(shí)績(jī)Export performance 垂直兼并 vertical merger 當(dāng)?shù)睾縇ocal content 電子商務(wù) Electronic Commerce 東部和南部非洲共同市場(chǎng)COMESA(Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)ASEAN Free Trade Area 動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施SPS(Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard)反補(bǔ)貼稅Countervailing duty 反傾銷措施 anti-dumping measures against… 反向通知Counter-notification 非配額產(chǎn)品 quota-free products 非生產(chǎn)性投資 investment in non-productive projects 非洲、加勒比和太平洋國(guó)家集團(tuán)（洛美協(xié)定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理/評(píng)估 risk management/ assessment 關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定，世界貿(mào)易組織的前身 GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)規(guī)避Circumvention 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織ISO(International Organization for Standardization)國(guó)際紡織品服裝局ITCB(International Textile and Clothing Bureau)國(guó)際貨幣基金組織IMF(International Monetary Fund)國(guó)際勞工組織ILO(International Labor Organization)國(guó)際貿(mào)易中心ITC(International Trade Center)國(guó)際貿(mào)易組織ITO(International Trade Organization)

國(guó)際貿(mào)易組織臨時(shí)委員會(huì)ICITO(Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization)國(guó)際清算 international settlement 國(guó)際收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment 國(guó)際收支條款BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions 國(guó)際獸疫組織International Office of Epizootics 國(guó)民待遇National treatment 國(guó)內(nèi)補(bǔ)貼Domestic subsidy 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)Domestic production 海關(guān)估價(jià)Customs valuation 海關(guān)完稅價(jià)值Customs value 橫向兼并 horizontal merger 環(huán)保型技術(shù)EST(Environmentally-sound technology)灰色區(qū)域措施Grey area measures 貨幣留成制度Currency retention scheme 貨幣貿(mào)易理事會(huì)CTG(Council for Trade in Goods)基礎(chǔ)稅率Base tariff level 既定日程Built-in agenda 交叉報(bào)復(fù)Cross retaliation 進(jìn)口差價(jià)稅Import variable duties 進(jìn)口附加稅Import surcharge 進(jìn)口環(huán)節(jié)稅 import linkage tax 進(jìn)口滲透Import penetration 進(jìn)口替代Import substitution 進(jìn)口許可Import licensing 進(jìn)口押金Import deposits 經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)垃圾融資 junk financing 聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境署UNEP(United Nations Environment Program)聯(lián)合國(guó)開發(fā)計(jì)劃署UNDP(United Nations Development Program)聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會(huì)議UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)糧食安全Food security 慢性蕭條 chronic depression 貿(mào)易和投資自由化和便利化 TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)貿(mào)易與發(fā)展委員會(huì)Committee on Trade and Development 貿(mào)易與環(huán)境委員會(huì)Committee on Trade and Environment 模式Modalities 南方共同市場(chǎng)（或稱南錐體共同市場(chǎng)）MERCOSUR(Southern Common Market)南亞區(qū)域合作聯(lián)盟SAARC(South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟EFTA(European Free Trade Association)配額調(diào)整條款modulation of quota clause 瓶頸制約 'bottleneck' restrictions 全球配額 global quota 上訴機(jī)構(gòu)Appeal body 申報(bào)制度 reporting system;income declaration system 生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼Production subsidy 實(shí)行國(guó)民待遇 grant the national treatment to 實(shí)質(zhì)損害Material injury 食品法典委員會(huì) CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission)世界海關(guān)組織WCO(World Customs Organization)

世界貿(mào)易組織WTO(World Trade Organization)世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織WIPO(World Intellectual Property Organization)市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)人的行政管理措施 AAMA(Administrative Aspects of Market Access)市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入Market access 通知義務(wù)Notification obligation 同類產(chǎn)品Like product 烏拉圭回合Uruguay Round 消費(fèi)膨脹 inflated consumption 協(xié)調(diào)制度（商品名稱及編碼協(xié)調(diào)制度）HS(Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)新議題New issues 許可費(fèi) License fee 有秩序的市場(chǎng)安排Orderly market arrangements 約束水平Bound level 爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)Dispute Settlement Body 政府采購(gòu) Government procurement 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)IPRs(Intellectual property rights)直接支付Direct payment 諸邊協(xié)議 Plurilateral agreement 專門的營(yíng)銷機(jī)構(gòu)Market boards 轉(zhuǎn)基因生物GMOs(Genetically Modified Organisms)祖父條款 grandfather clause 最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家LDCs(Least-developed countries)最初談判權(quán)(初談權(quán))INRs(Initial Negotiating Rights)最惠國(guó)待遇（現(xiàn)通常稱'正常貿(mào)易關(guān)系'）MFN（most-favored-nation)treatment 最惠國(guó)貿(mào)易地位(待遇)MFN(Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)WTO術(shù)語英文解釋

General GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO.An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.GATT 1947 — The old(pre-1994)version of the GATT.GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.Members — WTO governments(first letter capitalized, in WTO style).MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment(GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals.GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs.GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection.TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade

Policy Review Mechanism.transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable.Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993.Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994.Tariffs binding, bound — see ―tariff binding‖

electronic commerce — The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks.free-rider — A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under the most-favoured-nation principle.Harmonized System — An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis.Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes.ITA — Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000.ITA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage.nuisance tariff — Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates.schedule of concessions — List of bound tariff rates.tariff binding — Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level.Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties.tariff escalation — Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products.This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate.tariff peaks — Relatively high tariffs, usually on ―sensitive‖ products, amidst generally low tariff levels.For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as ―tariff peaks‖.tariffs — Customs duties on merchandise imports.Levied either on an ad valorem basis(percentage of value)or on a specific basis(e.g.$7 per 100 kgs.).Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government.WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.Non-tariff measures anti-dumping duties — Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country.circumvention — Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties.countervailing measures — Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.dumping — Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost.NTMs — Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, etc.price undertaking — Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of an anti-dumping duty.PSI — Preshipment inspection — the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas — i.e.price, quantity, quality, etc.QRs — Quantitative restrictions — specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported(or exported)during a specific time period.rules of origin — Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin.A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty.These rules can vary from country to country.safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up of imports — governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994.subsidy — There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic.An export subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports.A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports.tariffication — Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which all non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs.trade facilitation — Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders(e.g.simplification of customs procedures).VRA, VER, OMA — Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement.Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country(government or industry)agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls.Textiles and clothing ATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period.carry forward — When an exporting country uses part of the following year’s quota during the current year.carry over — When an exporting country utilizes the previous year’s unutilized quota.circumvention — Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by altering the country of origin of a product.CTG — Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC.integration programme — The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January

1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.ITCB — International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.MFA — Multifibre Arrangement(1974-94)under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions.swing — When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product.TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments.transitional safeguard mechanism — Allows members to impose restrictions against individual exporting countries if the importing country can show that both overall imports of a product and imports from the individual countries are entering the country in such increased quantities as to cause — or threaten — serious damage to the relevant domestic industry.Agriculture/SPS Agenda 2000 — EC’s financial reform plans for 2000–06 aimed at strengthening the union with a view to receiving new members.Includes reform of the CAP(see below).border protection — Any measure which acts to restrain imports at point of entry.BSE — Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or ―mad cow disease‖.box — Category of domestic support.— Green box: supports considered not to distort trade and therefore permitted with no limits.— Blue box: permitted supports linked to production, but subject to production limits and therefore minimally trade-distorting.— Amber box: supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction commitments.Cairns Group — Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization.It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round.Current membership: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay.CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.Codex Alimentarius — FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety.distortion — When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market.deficiency payment — Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less.EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs.internal support — Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade;direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production.International Office of Epizootics — Deals with international standards concerning animal health.multifunctionality — Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g.environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc.See non-trade concerns.non-trade concerns — Similar to multifunctionality.The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples.Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation.peace clause — Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT.Expires at the end of 2003.reform process/program — The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process.It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e.a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms.Current negotiations launched under Article 20 are for continuing the reform process.SPS regulations — Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations — government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption.variable levy — Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion.Intellectual property Berne Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works.CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity.compulsory licensing — For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent — to make, use, sell or import a product under patent(i.e.a patented product or a product made by a patented process)— without the permission of the patent owner.Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled.See also government use.counterfeit — Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods.exhaustion — The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it.(A debate among WTO member governments is whether this applies to products put on the market under compulsory licences.)Countries’ laws vary as to whether the right continues to be exhausted if the product is imported from one market into another, which affects the owner’s rights over trade in the protected product.See also parallel imports.geographical indications — Place names(or words associated with a place)used to identify products(for example, ―Champagne‖, ―Tequila‖ or ―Roquefort‖)which have a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic because they come from that place government use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner.See also compulsory licensing.intellectual property rights — Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works(protected by copyright), inventions(protected by patents), signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise(protected by trademarks)and other elements of industrial property.IPRs — Intellectual property rights.Lisbon Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of geographical indications and their international registration.Madrid Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods.mailbox — Refers to the requirement of the TRIPS Agreement applying to WTO members which do not yet provide product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and for agricultural chemicals.Since 1 January 1995, when the WTO agreements entered into force, these countries have to establish a means by which applications of patents for these products can be filed.(An additional requirement says they must also put in place a system for granting ―exclusive marketing rights‖ for the products whose patent applications have been filed.)parallel imports — When a product made legally(i.e.not pirated)abroad is imported without the permission of the intellectual property right-holder(e.g.the trademark or patent owner).Some countries allow this, others do not.Paris Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of industrial intellectual property, i.e.patents, utility models, industrial designs, etc.piracy — Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights(such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc)for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials.Rome Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, UNESCO and ILO, for the protection of the works of performers, broadcasting organizations and producers of phonograms.TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization.Investment export-performance measure — Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported.FDI — Foreign direct investment.local-content measure — Requirement that the investor purchase a certain amount of local materials for incorporation in the investor’s product.product-mandating — Requirement that the investor export to certain countries or region.trade-balancing measure — Requirement that the investor use earnings from exports to pay for imports.TRIMS — Trade-related investment measures.Dispute settlement Appellate Body — An independent seven-person body that, upon request by one or more parties to the dispute, reviews findings in panel reports.automaticity — The ―automatic‖ chronological progression for settling trade disputes in regard to panel establishment, terms of reference, composition and adoption procedures.DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.nullification and impairment — Damage to a country’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTO

obligations.panel — Consisting of three experts, this independent body is established by the DSB to examine and issue recommendations on a particular dispute in the light of WTO provisions.Services accounting rate — In telecoms, the charge made by one country’s telephone network operator for calls originating in another country.commercial presence — Having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country.GATS — The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services.general obligations — Obligations which should be applied to all services sector at the entry into force of the agreement.Initial commitments — Trade liberalizing commitments in services which members are prepared to make early on.modes of delivery — How international trade in services is supplied and consumed.Mode 1: cross border supply;mode 2: consumption abroad;mode 3: foreign commercial presence;and mode 4: movement of natural persons.multi-modal — Transportation using more than one mode.In the GATS negotiations, essentially door-to-door services that include international shipping.national schedules — The equivalent of tariff schedules in GATT, laying down the commitments accepted — voluntarily or through negotiation — by WTO members.natural persons — People, as distinct from juridical persons such as companies and organizations.offer — A country’s proposal for further liberalization.protocols — Additional agreements attached to the GATS.The Second Protocol deals with the 1995 commitments on financial services.The Third Protocol deals with movement of natural persons.prudence, prudential — In financial services, terms used to describe an objective of market regulation by authorities to protect investors and depositors, to avoid instability or crises.schedule — ―Schedule of Specific Commitments‖ — A WTO member’s list of commitments regarding market access and bindings regarding national treatment.specific commitments — See ―schedule‖.Regionalism/trade and development ACP — African, Caribbean and Pacific countries.Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the Cotonou Agreement.Andean Community — Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations.The seven ASEAN members of the WTO — Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand — often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues.The other ASEAN members are Laos and Vietnam.Caricom — The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries.CTD — The WTO Committee on Trade and Development Customs union — Members apply a common external tariff(e.g.the EC).EC — European Communities(official name of the European Union in the WTO).EFTA — European Free Trade Association.free trade area — Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members(e.g.NAFTA).G15 — Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement.G77 — Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD(originally 77, but now more than 130 countries).G7 — Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States.GRULAC — Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO.GSP — Generalized System of Preferences — programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries.HLM — WTO High-Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva.ITC — The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GATT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD.Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.LDCs — Least-developed countries.MERCOSUR — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.NAFTA — North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US.Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.S&D — ―Special and differential treatment‖ provisions for developing countries.Contained in several WTO agreements.UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement.UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development.Trade and environment Agenda 21 — The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit(UN Conference on the Environment and Development)held in Rio de Janeiro.Article XX — GATT Article listing allowed ―exceptions‖ to the trade rules.Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.BTA — Border tax adjustment CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.An MEA.CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.EST — Environmentally-sound technology.EST&P — EST and products.ex ante, ex post — Before and after a measure is applied.LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly.MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement.Montreal Protocol — An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer.PPM — Process and production method.TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.waiver — Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments.Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.口譯筆譯分類詞匯（08）--經(jīng)濟(jì)金融詞匯

不景氣 slump（衰退 recession）二板市場(chǎng) the second board market 中國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs(initial public offering)市場(chǎng)資本總額 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 內(nèi)部股（非上市招股）private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn) legal risk 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 risk management 堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)格的貸款標(biāo)準(zhǔn) maintain strong underwriting standards 六大風(fēng)險(xiǎn) risks in 6 key areas(U.S.Federal Reserve criterion)信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn) credit risk 供給學(xué)派 supply-side economist 第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)）agriculture(primary industry)第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（工業(yè)）manufacturing industry(secondary industry)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（服務(wù)業(yè)）service industry(tertiary industry)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo) major economic indicators 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP gross domestic product（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP gross national product（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP per capita 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì) macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理預(yù)期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓勵(lì)增加即期消費(fèi) encourage more immediate consumption 長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債 long-term treasury bonds 支付國(guó)債利息 to service treasury bonds 財(cái)政赤字和債務(wù) deficits and the national debt 按原口徑計(jì)算 calculate on the base line 按不變價(jià)格計(jì)算 calculate at constant price 按可比價(jià)格計(jì)算 calculate at comparable price 列入財(cái)政預(yù)算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 結(jié)售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales

經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目順差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù) engage in Renminbi(RMB)business

出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保證金臺(tái)帳制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值儲(chǔ)蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押貸款 collateralised loans 住房抵押貸款 residential mortgage loan 貨幣主義者 monetarist 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) planned economy 指令性計(jì)劃 mandatory plan 技術(shù)密集型 technology intensive 大規(guī)模生產(chǎn) mass production 經(jīng)濟(jì)林 cash tree 跟蹤審計(jì) follow-up auditing 流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn) liquidity risk 操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn) operational risk 內(nèi)部審計(jì) internal audit 拋售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies

中國(guó)人民銀行（中央銀行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中國(guó)銀行 Bank of china

中國(guó)工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行 Construction Bank of China 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商銀行 China Merchants Bank 疲軟股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares 實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)率 growth rate in real terms 年均增長(zhǎng)率 average growth rate per annum 投資回報(bào)率 rate of return on investment 外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額 total foreign trade value 實(shí)際利用外資 incoming overseas capital(investment)in place 消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù) consumer price index(CPI)零售價(jià)格指數(shù) retail price index（RPI）

生活費(fèi)用價(jià)格總指數(shù) total price index of living cost 生活費(fèi)用 income available for living expenses 扣除物價(jià)因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民儲(chǔ)蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit

恩格爾系數(shù)（食品開支占總支出的比例）Engel coefficient 基尼系數(shù)（衡量地區(qū)差別）Gini coefficient 購(gòu)買力平價(jià)法 purchasing power parity(PPP)（衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、收入水平的一種計(jì)算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國(guó)內(nèi)購(gòu)買力）片面追求發(fā)展速度 excessive pursuit of growth

泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì) bubble economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱 overheating of economy 通貨膨脹 inflation 實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì) the real economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律 laws of economics 市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié) market regulation 優(yōu)化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources 規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)優(yōu)勢(shì) advantage of economies of scale 勞動(dòng)密集型 labor intensive 市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) market risk 收緊銀根 tighten up monetary policy 適度從緊的財(cái)政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy 信用緊縮 credit crunch

加強(qiáng)國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部資金調(diào)度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理劃分貸款審批權(quán)限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保證有市場(chǎng)、有效益、守信用企業(yè)的流動(dòng)資金貸款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 啟動(dòng)民間投資 attract investment from the private sector 適銷對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品 the right products / readily marketable products 國(guó)有企業(yè) state-owned enterprises(SOEs)集體企業(yè) collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises 私營(yíng)企業(yè) private businesses 民營(yíng)企業(yè) privately-run businesses 中小企業(yè) small-and-medium-sized enterprises 三資企業(yè)（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨(dú)資）overseas-invested enterprises;foreign-invested enterprises(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises)存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits

貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游資 absorb idle fund

經(jīng)常性貸款 commercial lending 經(jīng)常性支出 operating expenses 再貸款 re-lending;subloan 支持國(guó)有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場(chǎng) further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing 完善股票發(fā)行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì) China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC)深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 綜合指數(shù) composite index 納斯達(dá)克（高技術(shù)企業(yè)板）NASDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 主板市場(chǎng) the main board 通貨緊縮 deflation 中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980;people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世紀(jì)中期建國(guó)100周年時(shí)，達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries 與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的聯(lián)系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy 中國(guó)巨大的市場(chǎng)潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)的購(gòu)買力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.經(jīng)濟(jì)管理體制可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng) The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會(huì)受到?jīng)_擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中國(guó)國(guó)情，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢(shì) proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play 揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短，趨利避害，迎接經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的挑戰(zhàn) foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and

第二篇：口筆譯分類詞匯(上)!!社會(huì),經(jīng)貿(mào),政治,環(huán)境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,體育,諺語 。。。【

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（01）--社會(huì)發(fā)展詞匯

211工程 211 Project 安居工程 housing project for low-income families 安居小區(qū) a neighborhood for low-income families 保障婦女就業(yè)權(quán)利to guarantee women’s right to employment

補(bǔ)發(fā)拖欠的離退休人員統(tǒng)籌項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)的養(yǎng)老金 All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.裁定保險(xiǎn)賠償 adjudication of benefits 城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障 guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents 在城鎮(zhèn)強(qiáng)制推行以養(yǎng)老、失業(yè)、醫(yī)療為重點(diǎn)的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn) Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas.城鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)保障體系the social security system in urban areas 城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度the basic medical insurance system for urban employees 創(chuàng)新精神 be innovation-minded;to have a creative mind 促進(jìn)學(xué)生德、智、體、美全面發(fā)展 ensure that students improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their appreciation of aesthetics 大家庭 extended family 大力推行個(gè)人助學(xué)信貸 Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.大專文憑 associate degree(conferred to junior college students)代培 training-on-contract program 代培生 trainee on contract 帶薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待業(yè)人員 job seekers 待遇優(yōu)厚的工作 a well-paid job 單親家庭 single parent family 定向培訓(xùn) training for specific posts 獨(dú)生子女 the only child 對(duì)保障方案進(jìn)行精算評(píng)估 Security programs should undergo actuarial review.對(duì)口扶貧 provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions 惡性犯罪 major crimes 反對(duì)迷信 be against superstition 福利分房 buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one works with 復(fù)式住宅 compound apartment 干部年輕化 rejuvenation of cadres 崗位培訓(xùn) on-job training 高度重視精神文明建設(shè) pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress 搞好優(yōu)生優(yōu)育 promote good prenatal and postnatal care 個(gè)人自愿計(jì)劃 voluntary private plans 工傷保險(xiǎn)制度the on-job injury insurance system 工資收入分配制度the wage and income distribution system 關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的大事 matters vital to national well-being and the people’s livelihood

關(guān)心和支持殘疾人事業(yè) Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our

care and support.關(guān)心老齡人 care for senior citizens.貴族學(xué)校 exclusive school（美）;select school（英）

國(guó)企下崗職工基本生活保障 guarantee of basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises 過緊日子 tighten one’s belt

過溫飽生活 live a life at a subsistent level 合理調(diào)整就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)to rationally readjust the employment structure 后勤服務(wù)社會(huì)化 make logistic services independent in their operation 積極發(fā)展民辦教育 Efforts should be made to develop schools not operated by government education departments.基本養(yǎng)老金basic pensions 計(jì)劃生育責(zé)任制 responsibility system of family planning 繼續(xù)開展―掃黃打非‖斗爭(zhēng) The fight against pornography, illegal publications and piracy shall be continued.加快住房分配貨幣化進(jìn)程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation 加強(qiáng)計(jì)劃生育工作 further improve family planning 加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 家庭美德 family virtues 堅(jiān)持―兩手抓、兩手都要硬‖的方針 adhere to the principle of ―doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each‖

堅(jiān)持正確的輿論導(dǎo)向 maintain the correct orientation for public opinion 建立集體合同制度to establish a group contract system 建立市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向的就業(yè)機(jī)制to establish a market-oriented employment mechanism 建立新型的勞動(dòng)關(guān)系to establish a new type of labor relations 建設(shè)廉潔、勤政、務(wù)實(shí)、高效政府 build a clean and diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 建設(shè)一個(gè)富強(qiáng)、民主、文明的國(guó)家 build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country 教育程度 educational status;education received 教育程度比率 educational attainment ratio 戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center 精算界 actuarial profession 精算師 actuaries 擴(kuò)大就業(yè)和再就業(yè)to expand employment and reemployment 勞動(dòng)保障監(jiān)察制度the labor security supervision system 勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系labor standard system 勞動(dòng)爭(zhēng)議處理體制the system of handling labor disputes 面臨困境 face adverse conditions 努力穩(wěn)定低生育水平work to stabilize the low birth rate 培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神和實(shí)踐能力 help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation 破案率 rate of solved criminal cases 強(qiáng)制性普及方案 universally compulsory program 切實(shí)減輕中小學(xué)生過重的課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān) effectively reduce too heavy homework assignments for primary and secondary school students

確保國(guó)有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活費(fèi)和離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金按時(shí)足額發(fā)放to ensure that subsistence allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and basic pensions for retirees are paid on time and in full 人口出生率 birth rate 人口老齡化 aging of population 人口增長(zhǎng)的高峰期 baby boom 人口增長(zhǎng)與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相協(xié)調(diào) try to keep population growth in line with social and economic development 人民生活水平quality of life;the living standards 認(rèn)真貫徹實(shí)施中國(guó)婦女、兒童發(fā)展綱要 The programs for the development of work concerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.弱勢(shì)群體disadvantaged groups 掃除青壯年文盲 eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people 傷殘保險(xiǎn) disability insurance 社會(huì)保障 social security 社會(huì)保障―三條保障線‖制度 social security system of ―three guarantees‖ 社會(huì)福利制度the social welfare system 社會(huì)公德 social morality 社會(huì)互助制度the social mutual help system 社會(huì)治安狀況好轉(zhuǎn) see an improved law-and-order situation 深入扎實(shí)地開展群眾性精神文明創(chuàng)建活動(dòng) Extensive public participation activities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.生活待遇 material amenities 生活費(fèi)收入 income available for cost of living 生活費(fèi)用 cost of living;income maintenance;subsistence cost 生育保險(xiǎn)制度the childbirth insurance system 失學(xué)兒童 dropouts 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn) guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn) unemployment insurance 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度the unemployment insurance system 失業(yè)率 rate of unemployment 實(shí)施積極促進(jìn)就業(yè)的政策to implement the policy of vigorously increasing employment 實(shí)現(xiàn)基本普及九年義務(wù)教育 The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.實(shí)現(xiàn)小康目標(biāo) attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 實(shí)行彈性大、靈活性強(qiáng)、多樣化的就業(yè)形式to adopt elastic, flexible, diversified forms of employment 實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育、控制人口數(shù)量、提高人口素質(zhì) promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people 實(shí)行勞動(dòng)合同制度to institute a labor contract system 樹立正確的價(jià)值觀、世界觀、人生觀 help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 思想道德建設(shè)（思想政治工作）moral education among people 提高部分優(yōu)撫對(duì)象撫恤標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Allowances for certain disabled service men and women and

family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.提高勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)to enhance workers’ quality

統(tǒng)籌兼顧城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)to make overall plans for urban and rural system 推動(dòng)就業(yè)服務(wù)向社區(qū)延伸，形成多層次的就業(yè)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)to encourage the formation of community-run agencies as a part of the multi-level employment service network 推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育 push ahead with education for all-around development 推行職業(yè)資格證書制度to introduce a vocational qualification credentials system 退休基金 pension fund 脫貧 lift off poverty;cast off poverty 完善和落實(shí)再就業(yè)優(yōu)惠政策to improve and implement preferential reemployment 完善失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度to improve the unemployment insurance system 文明城市 model city;culturally advanced city;city cited for high moral and cultural standards 物業(yè)管理 estate management, property management 消費(fèi)價(jià)格總水平the general price level 小家庭 nuclear family 小康生活 enjoy a fairly comfortable life;be moderately better off 新生兒死亡率 infant mortality rate;neonatal mortality rate 行行出狀元 Every profession produces its own leading authority.研究生畢業(yè)證/學(xué)位證 graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) retirement insurance 養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度the old-age insurance system 醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn) medical insurance 醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度the medical insurance system 應(yīng)試教育 examination-oriented education system 優(yōu)撫安置制度the special care and placement system 優(yōu)化就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)to optimize employment structure 有公德心 be civic-minded 輿論導(dǎo)向 direction of public opinion 輿論監(jiān)督 supervision by public opinion 預(yù)期壽命 life expectancy 災(zāi)害救助制度the natural disaster relief system 在職博士生 on-job doctorate 招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo) enrolment and vocation guidance 爭(zhēng)取實(shí)現(xiàn)高等教育大眾化 work to make regular higher education accessible to the majority of young people 政府主導(dǎo)計(jì)劃 government-sponsored programs 職業(yè)道德 ethics of profession 中華人民共和國(guó)勞動(dòng)法the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China 中專生 secondary specialized or technical school student 重視發(fā)展具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)和市場(chǎng)潛力的勞動(dòng)密集型企業(yè)to stress the development of labor-intensive enterprises with comparative advantages and market potential 抓好農(nóng)村和流動(dòng)人口計(jì)劃生育管理與服務(wù) devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population 自然增長(zhǎng)率 natural growth rate

自學(xué)成才 self-taught and self-made person;become a qualified professional through self-taught way 最低生活保障制度the minimum living standard security system

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（02）--外經(jīng)貿(mào)類詞匯

澳新緊密經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系協(xié)定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement 擺脫亞洲金融危機(jī)的影響shake off the impact of the financial crisis 幫助人才脫穎而出help excellent talents find way to distinction 備件spare parts 部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議ministerial meeting 采取積極財(cái)政政策 proactive fiscal policy 出口創(chuàng)匯型/外向型產(chǎn)業(yè)export-oriented industry 垂直兼并vertical merger 倒?fàn)攑rofiteer 抵免offset 東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area 東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations 對(duì)外項(xiàng)目承包foreign project contracting 反傾銷措施anti-dumping measures against …… 防偽標(biāo)志anti-fake label 放松銀根ease monetary policy 非配額產(chǎn)品quota-free products 非生產(chǎn)性投資investment in non-productive projects 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理/評(píng)估risk management/ assessment 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基金venture capital 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk 崗位培訓(xùn)on-the-job training 港元的聯(lián)系匯率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar 搞活國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 工程項(xiàng)目engineering project 工業(yè)增加值industrial added value 公正合理equitable and rational 固定資產(chǎn)投資investment in the fixed assets 廣開就業(yè)門路increase employment opportunities;create jobs in every possible way;open up more channels of employment 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)scale economy/ economies of scale 國(guó)合企業(yè)（即國(guó)有合作社）state-owned cooperatives 國(guó)際清算international settlement 國(guó)際收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment 國(guó)際收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment 國(guó)家補(bǔ)貼public subsidies 國(guó)家鼓勵(lì)項(xiàng)目projects listed as encouraged by the state

國(guó)家科技創(chuàng)新體系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System 國(guó)家現(xiàn)匯結(jié)存state foreign exchange reserves 合理引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)guide rational consumption 橫向兼并horizontal merger 壞帳、呆帳、死帳bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan 貨幣市場(chǎng)money market 機(jī)構(gòu)臃腫overstaffing in(government)organizations

機(jī)構(gòu)重疊organizational overlapping 技工貿(mào)結(jié)合的科技型企業(yè)scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and echnological developmentwith industrial and trade development 季節(jié)性調(diào)價(jià)seasonal price adjustments 既成事實(shí)established/accomplished facts 減免債務(wù)reduce and cancel debts 建材 building materials 進(jìn)口環(huán)節(jié)稅import linkage tax 經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目current account 經(jīng)常性的財(cái)政收入regular revenues 竟價(jià)投標(biāo)competitive bidding 就業(yè)前培訓(xùn)pre-job training 控股公司holding company 垃圾融資junk financing 勞動(dòng)密集性企業(yè)labor-intensive enterprises 勞務(wù)合作 labor service cooperation 累計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)順差143.4美元 accumulatively realizing trade surplus 利改稅substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 流動(dòng)人口floating population 龍頭產(chǎn)品lagship product 亂集資、亂攤派、亂收費(fèi)unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises 慢性蕭條chronic depression 農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)合作ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation 盤活存量資產(chǎn)revitalize stock assets 配件 accessories 皮包公司flying-by-night company;bogus company平等互利、講求實(shí)效、形式多樣、共同發(fā)展的方針pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development 瓶頸制約 ―bottleneck‖restrictions

企業(yè)的自我約束機(jī)制 self-regulating mechanism of enterprises 企業(yè)技術(shù)改造technological updating of enterprises 企業(yè)虧損補(bǔ)貼subsidies to cover enterprise losses 企業(yè)所得稅corporate income tax 千年問題、千年蟲millennium bug

搶得先機(jī)take the preemptive opportunities 清理、修訂screen and modify 求同存異 overcome differences and seek common ground 商住和公益設(shè)施建設(shè) commercial, residential and public utility construction 申報(bào)制度reporting system;income declaration system 實(shí)行股份制enforce stockholding system 實(shí)行國(guó)民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts 市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)人的行政管理措施AAMA： Administrative Aspects of Market Access 適銷對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品readily marketable products 雙重軌制 two-tier system / double-track system 水利 water conservation 所有制形式forms of ownership 貪圖安逸crave comfort and pleasure 通貨緊縮deflation 通貨膨脹inflation 同步增長(zhǎng)increase in the same pace 外援方式modality of foreign aid 無氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator 無紙交易paperless transaction 現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度modern corporate system 消費(fèi)膨脹inflated consumption 協(xié)議投標(biāo)negotiated bidding 信息化informationize 形成統(tǒng)一、開放和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有序的市場(chǎng)establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亞歐會(huì)議ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting 亞太法定計(jì)量論壇APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum 亞太工商咨詢理事會(huì)ABAC： APEC Business Advisory Council 亞太計(jì)量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program 亞太經(jīng)合組織部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting 亞太經(jīng)合組織經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)議AELM： APEC Economic Leaders Meeting 亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亞太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center 亞太商業(yè)論壇ABF：APEC Business Forum 亞太商業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network 亞太實(shí)驗(yàn)室認(rèn)可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation 亞太通訊與數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System 亞太信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure 亞太中小企業(yè)技術(shù)交流與培訓(xùn)中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises 亞洲開發(fā)銀行ADB: Asian Development Bank 以試點(diǎn)的形式實(shí)行外貿(mào)權(quán)自動(dòng)登記制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis 營(yíng)業(yè)稅turnover tax

在鞏固公有制主體地位的同時(shí),促進(jìn)多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership 債轉(zhuǎn)股debt-to-equity swap 中華人民共和國(guó)保護(hù)臺(tái)灣同胞投資實(shí)施條例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C.on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan 中介服務(wù)組織intermediary service organization 注入新的生機(jī)與活力 bring new vigor and vitality into 轉(zhuǎn)化經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制change the method of operation 資本項(xiàng)目capital account 自1999年1月1日起實(shí)行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999 自由浮動(dòng)匯率free floating exchange rate;variable exchange rate 自主經(jīng)營(yíng),自負(fù)盈虧responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 走上良性發(fā)展的軌道 going on the track of sound progress shipping service company 船務(wù)公司 generic products非商標(biāo)(非專利)產(chǎn)品 prudent monetary policy穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策 deficit spending 超前消費(fèi) run on banks(到銀行)擠兌

domestic support to agriculture 對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的國(guó)內(nèi)支持 special bonds特種債券

economy of abundance富裕經(jīng)濟(jì) Animal-based protein動(dòng)物源性蛋白

dual purpose exports 軍民兩用品出口

dual-use goods and technology 軍民兩用產(chǎn)品和技術(shù) NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū) global quota全球配額

grandfather clause祖父條款

Animal-derived food 動(dòng)物源食品 EVSL(Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部門提前自愿自由化

TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)貿(mào)易和投資自由化和便利化 常見縮略：

C&F(cost&freight)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià) T/T(telegraphic transfer)電匯

D/P(document against payment)付款交單 D/A(document against acceptance)承兌交單 C.O(certificate of origin)一般原產(chǎn)地證 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)紙箱 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、個(gè)、支等 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元

DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等 WT(weight)重量

G.W.(gross weight)毛重 N.W.(net weight)凈重

(customs declaration)報(bào)關(guān)單 EA(each)每個(gè)，各 W(with)具有 w/o(without)沒有 FAC(facsimile)傳真 IMP(import)進(jìn)口 EXP（export）出口

MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的 MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度 M 或MED(medium)中等，中級(jí)的 M/V（merchant vessel）商船 S.S(steamship)船運(yùn)

MT或M/T(metric ton)公噸 DOC(document)文件、單據(jù) INT（international）國(guó)際的

P/L(packing list)裝箱單、明細(xì)表 INV(invoice)發(fā)票

PCT(percent)百分比

REF（reference）參考、查價(jià) EMS（express mail special）特快傳遞 STL.(style)式樣、款式、類型 T或LTX或TX(telex)電傳 RMB（renminbi）人民幣 S/M（shipping marks）裝船標(biāo)記 PR或PRC(price)價(jià)格

PUR(purchase)購(gòu)買、購(gòu)貨

S/C（sales contract）銷售確認(rèn)書 L/C（letter of credit）信用證 B/L（bill of lading）提單 FOB（free on board）離岸價(jià)

CIF（cost,insurance&freight）成本、保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià) GMO(genetically modified organism)轉(zhuǎn)基因組織 CAGA(compound annual growth average)年復(fù)合增長(zhǎng)率

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（03）--改革開放詞匯

保險(xiǎn)業(yè) The insurance industry 保證重點(diǎn)支出 Ensure funding for priority areas 被兼并或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business

補(bǔ)發(fā)拖欠的養(yǎng)老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears 不良貸款 Non—performing loan 層層轉(zhuǎn)包和違法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 產(chǎn)值 output value 城鄉(xiāng)信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城鎮(zhèn)居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents 城鎮(zhèn)職工醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers 抽樣調(diào)查 data from the sample survey 出口信貸 Export credit 初步建立社會(huì)主義計(jì)劃商品經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制。to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.貸款質(zhì)量 Loan quality 貸款質(zhì)量五級(jí)分類辦法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans 第二產(chǎn)業(yè) secondary industry 第三產(chǎn)業(yè) tertiary industry 第一產(chǎn)業(yè) primary industry 獨(dú)資企業(yè) wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 發(fā)電量 electric energy production 發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 發(fā)展過快 excessive growth 防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 防洪工程 Flood-prevention project 非法外匯交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction 非公有成分 non-public sectors 非貿(mào)易收匯 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels 非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu) Non-bank financial institutions 費(fèi)改稅 Transform administrative fees into taxes 分配形式 forms of distribution 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資金 risk funds 副業(yè) sideline production 改革是“社會(huì)主義制度的自我完善和自我發(fā)展”。Reform is “the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.” 改革重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 改善經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境 improve economic environment 搞活企業(yè) invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises 各盡所能，按勞/需分配。from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.跟蹤審計(jì) Follow-up auditing 工程監(jiān)理制度 The monitoring system for projects 公有制 public ownership 鼓勵(lì) give incentive to 管理不善 poor management 國(guó)際收支 international balance of payments 國(guó)家保障國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)的鞏固和發(fā)展。The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.國(guó)家的根本任務(wù)是，集中力量進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè) The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP(Gross National Product)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)，即社會(huì)主義全民所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的主導(dǎo)力量。The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people;it is the leading force in the national economy.國(guó)有資產(chǎn)安全 The safety of state-owned assets 過度開墾 Excess reclamation 合同管理制度 The contract system for governing projects 合資企業(yè) joint venture 合作企業(yè) cooperative enterprise 和平演變 peaceful evolution 宏觀控制 exercise macro-control 機(jī)電產(chǎn)品 Electromechanical products 積極的財(cái)政政策 Pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活費(fèi) Basic allowances 基石 cornerstone 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合的機(jī)制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)責(zé)任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 結(jié)售匯制度 The system of exchange settlement and sales 解除勞動(dòng)關(guān)系 Sever labor relations

解放生產(chǎn)力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 金融監(jiān)管責(zé)任制 The responsibility system for financial supervision 經(jīng)濟(jì)安全 Economic security 經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律的杠桿 economic and legal leverages 經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃和市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)改革。reform in economic structure 經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制 operative mechanism 精華、精粹、實(shí)質(zhì) quintessence 舉措 move 靠擴(kuò)大財(cái)政赤字搞建設(shè) To increase the deficit to spend more on development 扣除物價(jià)上漲部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求 The expansion of domestic demand 拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) Fuel economic growth 厲行節(jié)約，反對(duì)浪費(fèi) to practice strict economy and combat waste 糧食倉(cāng)庫(kù) Grain depot 糧食收儲(chǔ)企業(yè) Grain Collection and storage enterprise 糧食收購(gòu)資金實(shí)行封閉運(yùn)行 Closed operation of grain purchase funds 糧食銷售市場(chǎng) Grain sales market 劣質(zhì)工程 Shoddy engineering 林業(yè) forestry 零售 retail

流通制度 circulation system 亂收費(fèi)、亂攤派、亂罰款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 農(nóng)業(yè) farming 騙匯、逃匯、套匯 Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 取消國(guó)家對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的統(tǒng)購(gòu)統(tǒng)銷 to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 全體會(huì)議 plenary session 人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 per capita GNP 人均收入 per capita income 融資渠道 Financing channels 善于接受的 receptive 商品經(jīng)濟(jì) commodity economy 商業(yè)信貸原則 The principles for commercial credit 社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu) Social security institution 社會(huì)主義的最終目標(biāo)是解放生產(chǎn)力，消滅剝削，消除貧富兩極分化，最終達(dá)到共同富裕。The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.社會(huì)主義集體所有制 socialist collective ownership 社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的基礎(chǔ)是生產(chǎn)資料的社會(huì)主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動(dòng)群眾集體所有制。The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.生產(chǎn)關(guān)系 relations of production 生產(chǎn)力 productive forces 生產(chǎn)資料 means of production 生活資料 means of livelihood/subsistence 剩余勞動(dòng)力。surplus labor 失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金 Unemployment insurance benefits 實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)率 actual growth rate 實(shí)事求是 seek truth from facts 實(shí)在的 tangible 使負(fù)擔(dān) be saddled with 試一下 have a go(at sth.)輸入活力 bring vigor into 私有制 private ownership 隨著改革的深化，國(guó)家指令性計(jì)劃的范圍將會(huì)縮小，而市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)的范圍將會(huì)擴(kuò)大。As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.偷稅、騙稅、逃稅、抗稅 Tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal pay taxes 投入 input 外匯收支 Foreign exchange revenue and spending

外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprise 我們辨別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看這樣做是否有利于發(fā)展社會(huì)主義的生產(chǎn)力，是否有利于增強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的綜合國(guó)力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.畜牧業(yè) animal husbandry 要人們警惕右和“左”的影響，特別是“左”的根深蒂固的影響。to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the “Left” deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted “Left” influence.一個(gè)中心、兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)one central task and two basic points 以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則（1）社會(huì)主義道路（2）黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（3）人民民主專政（4）馬列主義毛澤東思想、堅(jiān)持改革開放 the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principlesand persisting in reform and opening.引進(jìn)、輸入 importation 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 營(yíng)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的公司 going concerns 優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu) optimize the economic structure 有色金屬 nonferrous metals 有效地控制通貨膨脹 effectively control inflation 漁業(yè) fishing 增額、增值、增長(zhǎng) increment 整頓經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序 rectify economic order 中國(guó)要警惕右，但更要防“左”。China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the “Left” deviation.逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、國(guó)防和科學(xué)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)代化，把我國(guó)建設(shè)成為富強(qiáng)、民主、文明的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.主要成分 dominant sector 資本主義和社會(huì)主義并不是以計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場(chǎng)的多少來劃分的。Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.總工資 total wages

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（04）--政治政府詞匯

按保護(hù)價(jià)敞開收購(gòu)糧食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices 把處理事與處理人結(jié)合起來integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators 把有限的資金用在―刀刃上‖ use our limited funds where they can be put to best use 保持經(jīng)濟(jì)適度快速增長(zhǎng)maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth 保監(jiān)會(huì)the China Insurance Regulatory Commission

保證國(guó)家的長(zhǎng)治久安guarantee China’s long-term stability 保證社會(huì)公共需要guarantee social needs

保證這些項(xiàng)目如期建成并發(fā)揮效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns 避免形成倒逼機(jī)制、欲罷不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment.不合法、不合理基金和收費(fèi)項(xiàng)目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges 不會(huì)導(dǎo)致貨幣過量發(fā)行without causing overissue of currency 不進(jìn)則退 no progress simply means regression 不良貸款 non-performing loans 不能搞赤字預(yù)算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets 不再經(jīng)商no longer engage in trade 財(cái)政償還能力our ability to service debt 財(cái)政的承受能力financial capacity 財(cái)政監(jiān)督條例the Regulations on Financial Supervision 財(cái)政日子將更加難過We will be in financial straits.財(cái)政收入占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP 財(cái)政收支基本平衡的原則a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures 財(cái)政資金申請(qǐng)、立項(xiàng)、撥付、使用效果等各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)督supervision over the whole process of fund allocation from application, project determination and actual allocation to returns on investment 拆遷補(bǔ)償費(fèi)compensation for demolition 產(chǎn)權(quán)劃轉(zhuǎn)和產(chǎn)權(quán)變動(dòng)the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises 產(chǎn)銷銜接狀況the ratio of sales to production 產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)upgrade industries 長(zhǎng)江流域的生態(tài)掩體an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley 長(zhǎng)江三峽和黃河小浪底水利樞紐工程the key water projects at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River 長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債long-term government bonds 常務(wù)委員Standing Committee member 車輛購(gòu)置稅暫行條例the Interim Regulations on the Tax on Vehicle Purchases 成長(zhǎng)型企業(yè)市場(chǎng)（指二板市場(chǎng)）growing enterprise market(GEM)城鄉(xiāng)電網(wǎng)改造projects for upgrading urban and rural power grids 城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率registered unemployment rate in cities and towns 城鎮(zhèn)社會(huì)保障體系 urban social security system 城鎮(zhèn)職工醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度改革medical insurance for urban workers 城鎮(zhèn)住房制度改革reform of the urban housing system 出口經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)由審批制向登記備案制過渡the transition from an examination and approval system to a registration and recording system for the right to engage in export 出口配額export quotas 傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)conventional industries 創(chuàng)新體系an innovation system 垂直管理vertical management

從源頭上、制度上堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes in terms of their sources and systems 促進(jìn)公平分配promote fair distribution of social wealth 村村通廣播電視工程project ―extend radio and TV coverage to every village‖ 存款準(zhǔn)備金reserves against deposit 大部分科技力量游離于企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)之外a majority of scientific personnel being divorced from enterprises and the market 大力推進(jìn)糧食流通體制改革step up our efforts to promote the reform of the grain distribution system 大面積多光區(qū)光纖光譜天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡a large sky area multi-object fiber-spectroscopy telescope 貸款質(zhì)量5級(jí)分類辦法five-category assets classification for bank loans 鄧小平理論 Deng Xiaoping Theory 低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)low-level redundant development 滴灌、噴灌drip irrigation and spray irrigation 抵抗全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退 to combat the global economic slump 地方性中小金融機(jī)構(gòu)存款保險(xiǎn)制度a deposit insurance system for local small and medium-sized financial institutions

電視會(huì)議televised meeting 調(diào)控宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行regulate operation of the macroeconomy 調(diào)整出口退稅adjustments in the level of export tax rebates 調(diào)整投資結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)the restructuring of investment and the economy 堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes

對(duì)卷煙全面推行核定計(jì)稅價(jià)格征收消費(fèi)稅辦法fully levy a sales tax on cigarettes on the basis of an authorized tax valuation 對(duì)人民高度負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度maintain a high sense of responsibility 對(duì)中西部地區(qū)適當(dāng)傾斜appropriately directed to the central and western areas of the country 奪取了抗洪搶險(xiǎn)的偉大勝利achieve great victory in the fight against floods 發(fā)揮出最大的效益produce the best possible results 發(fā)揮最大的使用效益yield the greatest returns on investment 反對(duì)鋪張浪費(fèi)combat extravagance and waste 防范和化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)guard against and defuse financial risks 防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力ability to guard against financial risks 防止―重點(diǎn)支出重點(diǎn)浪費(fèi)‖ prevent ―more waste in more expenditures‖ 非辦不可的大事important tasks which must be accomplished 非國(guó)有工業(yè)企業(yè)non-state industrial enterprises 非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)non-bank financial institutions 費(fèi)改稅改革 tax-for-fees reform 分配貨幣化distribution of money 分稅制度財(cái)政體制the revenue-sharing system 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范機(jī)制a risk prevention mechanism 服從全局、服務(wù)全局be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of the country 復(fù)雜多變的國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境complicated and volatile economic environment both at home and abroad 改革價(jià)格形成機(jī)制reform the price formation mechanism 干堤的修復(fù)加固任務(wù)the task of repairing and reinforcing the main dikes

干法旋窯水泥dry-process rotary kilns

敢抓敢管、不講情面 have the courage to bear their responsibilities and exercise management no matter what others might think 高等教育―211工程‖ the ―211‖ Project for higher education

高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃 plans for the development of high-tech industries 高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化 apply high technology to production 高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化示范工程 high-tech model projects to demonstrate their commercial viability 高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，全面貫徹'三個(gè)代表'重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of 'Three Represents' 高清晰度電視功能樣機(jī) functional prototype of high definition TV 個(gè)人所得稅法 the Law on Personal Income Tax 個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)、私營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì) self-employed and private businesses 各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的客觀需要 the needs of the economic development of different regions 各級(jí)各類教育 all forms of education at all levels

各種―小金庫(kù)‖屢禁不止 failures to prohibit unauthorized departmental coffers repeatedly 各種偷稅、騙稅和逃稅行為 all acts of tax evasion and tax fraud 工程監(jiān)理制 project supervision system 工程質(zhì)量事故 accidents resulting from poor quality of projects 工業(yè)增加值 industrial added value 公開市場(chǎng)操作 open-market operations 共建、調(diào)整、合作、合并 a program of joint development, adjustment, cooperation and mergers 購(gòu)買力 purchasing power 鼓勵(lì)兼并 encourage mergers 關(guān)心群眾疾苦 help alleviate their hardships 規(guī)范管理 standardized administration 規(guī)范化的財(cái)政管理 standardized financial management 規(guī)范破產(chǎn) standardize bankruptcy procedures 規(guī)范稅制 standardize the tax system 國(guó)際公認(rèn) internationally recognized 國(guó)際通行的吸引外資方式 internationally accepted methods of absorbing foreign investment 國(guó)家財(cái)政包攬過多 The state finance takes on too much financial burden.國(guó)家發(fā)展計(jì)劃委員會(huì)the State Development Planning Commission 國(guó)家確定的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域投資 investment in the key areas designated by the state 國(guó)家稅源的大量流失 great loss of state revenue 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目 national key scientific research projects 國(guó)庫(kù)券 treasury bonds 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各方面 all sectors of the national economy 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 gross national product(GNP)國(guó)內(nèi)短缺原材料和資源性產(chǎn)品 raw and semi-finished materials and resource products which are in short supply in China 國(guó)有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行 wholly state-funded commercial bank 國(guó)有企業(yè)改革reform of state-owned enterprises 國(guó)有企業(yè)和集體企業(yè)資本金統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)告制度 a system for reporting statistics on the capital funds of state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises

國(guó)有企業(yè)重組 regroup SOEs 國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行一級(jí)法人管理 management of the state-owned commercial banks with only their head offices as their legal persons 國(guó)有資產(chǎn)管理、監(jiān)督和營(yíng)運(yùn)機(jī)制 management, supervision and operation of state-owned assets 國(guó)有資源有償使用 paid use of state-owned resources 國(guó)債資金 the capital obtained from issuance of government bonds 過剩的生產(chǎn)能力 excessive production capacity 海峽兩岸關(guān)系 cross-Strait relations 合同管理制 contract management system 黑市交易 black market transaction in foreign exchanges 很多上海企業(yè)涌向西部，掀起了去西部的淘金熱。Many enterprises of Shanghai go on a 'gold-rush' spree in the western parts of China.宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo) macro-control targets 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)期目標(biāo) macroeconomic targets 會(huì)計(jì)法 the Accounting Law 會(huì)計(jì)信息質(zhì)量抽查公告制度 the system for publicizing the results of random inspections for the quality of accounting information 積極的財(cái)政政策 a proactive fiscal policy 基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌 unified basic old-age insurance at the provincial level 基層監(jiān)督grass-roots supervision 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè) construction of infrastructural facilities 緝私 suppress smuggling 稽察特派員 special inspectors 及時(shí)、足額發(fā)放 timely and full funding of pension 急需安排的重點(diǎn)支出 urgently needed expenditures for key construction projects 擠占、挪用財(cái)政投資 misappropriation or diversion of financial investment 技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) technology-intensive industries 加大處罰力度 severely punish those who violate the law and discipline 加大宏觀調(diào)控力度 tighten macro-control 加大轉(zhuǎn)移支付力度 increase transfer payments 加工貿(mào)易 trade involving the processing of supplied raw materials 加快經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 accelerate economic restructuring 加強(qiáng)軍隊(duì)和政權(quán)建設(shè) strengthen army building and the organs of political power 加強(qiáng)征管、堵塞漏洞、懲治腐敗、清繳欠稅‖的方針the principle of ―tightening collection and management, plugging up loopholes, punishing corruption and clearing up overdue taxes‖ 價(jià)格法 the Price Law 價(jià)格歧視 price discrimination 堅(jiān)持解放思想、實(shí)事求是的思想路線，弘揚(yáng)與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.堅(jiān)定信心 proceed with confidence 堅(jiān)決不搞重復(fù)建設(shè) prohibit redundant projects 堅(jiān)決杜絕劣質(zhì)工程 prohibit inferior projects 艱苦奮斗、勤儉建國(guó) hard work, plain living and building up the country through thrift 減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān) lighten the burden on enterprises

減人增效 increase efficiency by downsizing payrolls 減少福利型、供給型、實(shí)物型分配reduce distribution in the form of welfare, supply and kind 減員增效 downsize staffs and improve efficiency 剪彩儀式ribbon-cutting ceremonies 建立公共財(cái)政的基本框架 establish the basic framework for a system of public finance 建設(shè)文明幸福家庭 the development of civilized and happy families 健全項(xiàng)目法人責(zé)任制 the system of holding the legal person responsible for projects 講排場(chǎng)、擺闊氣、比享受 ostentatious behavior and pleasure-seeking 降低銀行存貸款利率 lower bank interest rates for savings deposits and loans, 節(jié)能、節(jié)水、節(jié)地和低污染新型材料new building materials that help to save energy, water and land resources and cause less environmental pollution 金融體制改革 reform of the financial system 金融資產(chǎn)管理公司 financial asset management companies 進(jìn)出口商品結(jié)構(gòu) pattern of imports and exports 經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū) economically underdeveloped areas 經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展后勁 future economic growth 經(jīng)濟(jì)房 low-cost housing 經(jīng)營(yíng)收費(fèi) operating charges 精打細(xì)算 meticulous plan all expenditures 精心設(shè)計(jì) meticulous design 九屆全國(guó)人大四次會(huì)議the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress 九屆全國(guó)政協(xié)常委遞補(bǔ)委員 by-elect members to the Standing Committee of the Ninth CPPCC National Committee 就業(yè)問題 the problem of employment 具有稅收性質(zhì)的政府性基金或?qū)ｍ?xiàng)性收費(fèi) government funds and special charges of a tax nature 絕不能花錢大手大腳 absolutely cannot spend money lavishly 軍隊(duì)、武警部隊(duì)、政法機(jī)關(guān)與企業(yè)脫鉤the army, armed police and procuratorial, judicial and public security organs have severed their ties with enterprises 開拓城鄉(xiāng)市場(chǎng) develop urban and rural markets 開拓農(nóng)村消費(fèi)市場(chǎng) develop consumer markets in rural areas 抗洪救災(zāi) fight floods and provide disaster relief 科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化 the commercialization of research findings 科技發(fā)展基金 a science and technology development fund 科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略 the strategy of invigorating China through the development of science and education 科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步 scientific and technological progress 科學(xué)論證 scientific verification 科學(xué)有效的收入組織機(jī)制 a scientific and effective mechanism for collecting revenue 可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 the strategy of sustainable development 可支配收入 disposable income 肯定成績(jī) affirm our achievements 控制在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)可以承受的范圍之內(nèi) keep within the limits of the national economic strength 跨省區(qū)分行trans-provincial or trans-regional branches

虧損企業(yè) loss-generating enterprises 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需，刺激消費(fèi) expand/ increase domestic demand and stimulate consumption 擴(kuò)大住房貸款，助學(xué)貸款和大件消費(fèi)品貸款expand housing loans, student loans and major commodity loans 拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)stimulate economic growth 來之不易hard-won achievements 浪費(fèi)資源 resource-wasting 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng) the labor market 勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)的提高 improve the quality of laborers 老工業(yè)基地 old industrial bases 離退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金 basic pensions for retirees 離退休人員養(yǎng)老金 pensions to retired employees 理順稅、費(fèi)、價(jià)三者關(guān)系 straighten out the relationships among taxes, charges and prices 厲行節(jié)約 practice economy 糧食流通體制改革 reform of the grain distribution system 糧食市場(chǎng)的宏觀調(diào)控能力 the state’s capacity for macro-control of the grain market 糧食政策性補(bǔ)貼 policy-related grain subsidies 兩大歷史性課題（提高黨的執(zhí)政能力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平、提高拒腐防變和抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力）the two major historic subjects of enhancing the abilities of administration and art of leadership and resisting corruption, guarding against degeneration and warding off risks.林區(qū) forested areas 零基預(yù)算制度 a zero-base budgeting system 漏征漏管戶 tax dodgers 面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn) meet the serious challenge 民族地區(qū) regions inhabited by ethnic groups 名優(yōu)產(chǎn)品 famous brand high-quality products 牟取暴利price hikes for exorbitant profits 國(guó)家預(yù)算annual State budge 農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)改造projects to upgrade rural power grids 農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力 surplus rural workers 起草社會(huì)治安法drafting a social security law 全國(guó)人大常務(wù)委員會(huì) the NPC Standing Committee 全國(guó)人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)(簡(jiǎn)稱 全國(guó)人大)National People's Congress(NPC)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì) the NPC Standing Committee 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)辦公廳the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)主席團(tuán) the NPC Presidium 全國(guó)政協(xié)委員 member of the national committee of CPPCC 全面推進(jìn)黨的建設(shè)的新的偉大工程forge ahead with the new great project of Party building 全體會(huì)議plenary meeting 權(quán)貴資本主義'(又譯裙帶資本主義或親朋好友資本主義)crony capitalism 人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值per-capita gross domestic product(GDP)弱勢(shì)群體 disadvantaged groups(對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體給予特殊的就業(yè)援助。--Special employment assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups.)

三個(gè)代表 three represents theory(the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)三講教育：講學(xué)習(xí)，講政治，講正氣three emphases education(to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)三峽工程Three-Gorges Project 三峽移民Migrants from Three Gorges area 生計(jì)問題 bread-and butter issue 生態(tài)建筑 ecological construction 使大多數(shù)虧損企業(yè)扭虧為盈 bring the majority of money-losing firms into the black 試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目 pilot project 特困行業(yè)和企業(yè)industries and enterprises in dire straits 退耕還林、還草工程Grain for Green Project 網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司 a web-based economy 西部大開發(fā)the strategy of developing the western region 西電東送 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region 下崗工人基本生活津貼the basic living allowance for laid-off workers 下崗職工基本生活費(fèi)subsistence allowances for laid-off workers 現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育modern distance education 憲法修正案 amendments to the Constitution 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè) township enterprises 小組討論 panel discussions/group discussions 新聞發(fā)布會(huì) press conference 醫(yī)保制度改革Reform of medical insurance system 醫(yī)療改革 health care reform 隱形就業(yè) hidden employment 有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義民主政治socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics 與時(shí)俱進(jìn) advance with the times 再就業(yè)下崗人員re-employment of laid-off workers 增收節(jié)支increase revenue and cut government expenditure 債轉(zhuǎn)股 debt-to-equity swap 政府工作報(bào)告government's work report 政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革Reform of government institutions 制定反貪法規(guī)anti-corruption legislation 中共中央委員會(huì)CPC Central Committee 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十六次全國(guó)代表大會(huì) 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China(16th NCCPC)中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議全國(guó)委員會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱 全國(guó)政協(xié)）National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議全國(guó)委員會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì) Standing committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 中國(guó)政協(xié)委員 member of the National Committee of CPPCC 中央紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

重慶（直轄）市 China's Chongqing Municipality 諸國(guó)議會(huì)同盟Inter-Parliamentary Union(IPU)資源豐富的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)（指中國(guó)西部）the resource-rich hinterland 綜合國(guó)力 overall national streng Chinese Governmental Sections after the Adminitrative Transformation

1、外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs

2、國(guó)防部 Ministry of National Defence

3、國(guó)家發(fā)展計(jì)劃委員會(huì) State Development Planning Commission

4、國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃委員會(huì) State Economy and Trade Commission

5、教育部 Ministry of Education

全國(guó)高考 the National College Entrance Examination

6、科學(xué)技術(shù)部 Ministry of Science and Technology

7、國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)工業(yè)委員會(huì) Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence

8、國(guó)家民族事務(wù)委員會(huì) State Ethnic Affairs Commission

9、公安部 Ministry of Public Security

10、國(guó)家安全部 Ministry of State Security

11、監(jiān)察部 Ministry of Supervision

12、民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs

13、司法部 Ministry of Justice

14、財(cái)政部 Ministry of Finance

15、人事部 Ministry of Personnel

16、勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security

17、國(guó)土資源部 Ministry of Land and Resources

18、建設(shè)部 Ministry of Construction

19、鐵道部 Ministry of Railways

20、交通部 Ministry of Communications

21、信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部 Ministry of Information Industry

22、水利部 Ministry of Water Resources

23、農(nóng)業(yè)部 Ministry of Agricultry

24、對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

25、文化部 Ministry of Culture

26、衛(wèi)生部 Ministry of Health

27、國(guó)家計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì) State Family Planning Commission

28、中國(guó)人民銀行 The People's Bank of China

29、審計(jì)署 National Auditing Administration

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（05）--環(huán)境保護(hù)詞匯

21世紀(jì)議程 Agenda 21（the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里約）, — provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）

世界環(huán)境日 World Environment Day(June 5th each year)世界環(huán)境日主題 World Environment Day Themes 環(huán)境千年—行動(dòng)起來吧?。?000）The Environment MillenniumOur FutureSave Our Seas!為了地球上的生命（1997）For Life on Earth 我們的地球、居住地、家園（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home 國(guó)際生物多樣性日 International Biodiversity Day(29 December)世界水日 World Water Day(22 March)世界氣象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day(8 June)聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境與發(fā)展大會(huì)（環(huán)發(fā)大會(huì)）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED)環(huán)發(fā)大會(huì)首腦會(huì)議 Summit Session of UNCED 聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署 United Nations Environment Programs（UNEP）

2000年全球環(huán)境展望報(bào)告 GEO-2000;Global Environmental Outlook 2000 入選―全球500佳獎(jiǎng)‖ be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 聯(lián)合國(guó)人類居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements(UNCHS)

改善人類居住環(huán)境最佳范例獎(jiǎng) Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement 人與生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere(MAB)Programme(UNESCO)中國(guó)21世紀(jì)議程 China’s Agenda 21

中國(guó)生物多樣性保護(hù)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中國(guó)跨世紀(jì)綠色工程規(guī)劃 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局 State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA)中國(guó)環(huán)保基本方針 China’s guiding principles for environmental protection 堅(jiān)持環(huán)境保護(hù)基本國(guó)策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development 貫徹經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)、環(huán)境建設(shè)同步規(guī)劃、同步實(shí)施、同步發(fā)展（三同步）的方針 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection(the ―three synchronizes‖ principle)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth 實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、社會(huì)效益和環(huán)境效益的統(tǒng)一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection 中國(guó)環(huán)保基本政策 the basic policies of China’s environmental protection

預(yù)防為主、防治結(jié)合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control 污染者負(fù)擔(dān)的政策 ―the-polluters-pay‖ policy

強(qiáng)化環(huán)境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 一控雙達(dá)標(biāo)政策 policy of ―One Order, Two Goals‖: ―一控‖：12種工業(yè)污染物的排放量控制在國(guó)家規(guī)定的排放總量 The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.;―雙達(dá)標(biāo)‖： 1.到2000年底，全國(guó)所有的工業(yè)污染源要達(dá)到國(guó)家或地方規(guī)定的污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000.2.到2000

年底，47個(gè)重點(diǎn)城市的空氣和地面水達(dá)到國(guó)家規(guī)定的環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 2.Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.對(duì)新項(xiàng)目實(shí)行環(huán)境影響評(píng)估 conduct environmental impact assessments(EIA)on start-up projects 提高全民環(huán)保意識(shí) raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 查處違反環(huán)保法規(guī)案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection 環(huán)保執(zhí)法檢查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time 中國(guó)已加入的國(guó)際公約 international conventions into which China has accessed

控制危險(xiǎn)廢物越境轉(zhuǎn)移及其處置的巴塞爾公約 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 關(guān)于消耗臭氧層物質(zhì)的蒙特利爾議定書 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 生物多樣性公約 Convention on Biological Diversity 防治荒漠化國(guó)際公約 Convention to Combat Desertification 氣候變化框架公約 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生態(tài)示范區(qū) eco-demonstration region;environment-friendly region 國(guó)家級(jí)生態(tài)示范區(qū)（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 國(guó)家級(jí)園林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 對(duì)水質(zhì)和空氣質(zhì)量的影響 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理環(huán)境污染 curb environmental pollution;bring the pollution under control 海藻 mostly in polluted waters)工業(yè)固體廢物 industrial solid wastes 白色污染 white pollution(by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性廢料積存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有機(jī)污染物 organic pollutants

氰化物、砷、汞排放 discharge of cyanide, arsenic, mercury 鉛、鎘、六價(jià)鉻 lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium 城市垃圾無害化處理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋場(chǎng) refuse landfill 垃圾焚化廠 refuse incinerator 防止過度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤鹽堿化 soil alkalization 農(nóng)藥殘留 pesticide residue 水土保持 conservation of water and soil 生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè) environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 水資源保護(hù)區(qū) water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization

保護(hù)珊瑚礁、紅樹林和漁業(yè)資源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource

綠化祖國(guó) turn the country green 全民義務(wù)植樹日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestation project 綠化面積 afforested areas;greening space 森林覆蓋率 forest coverage 防風(fēng)林 wind breaks（防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing tree

降低資源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation 開發(fā)可再生資源 develop renewable resources 環(huán)保產(chǎn)品 environment-friendly products 自然保護(hù)區(qū) nature reserve 野生動(dòng)植物 wild animals and plants, wild fauna and flora 保護(hù)生存環(huán)境 conserve natural habitats 瀕危野生動(dòng)物 endangered wildlife 珍稀瀕危物種繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng) natural ecosystems 防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification 環(huán)境負(fù)荷 carrying capacity of environment 三廢綜合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes 先天與后天，遺傳與環(huán)境 nature-nurture 美化環(huán)境 landscaping design for environmental purposes 防止沿海地帶不可逆轉(zhuǎn)惡化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation 環(huán)境惡化 environmental degradation 城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization 溫飽型農(nóng)業(yè) subsistence agriculture 貧困的惡性循環(huán) vicious cycle of poverty 大氣監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng) atmospheric monitoring system 空氣污染濃度 air pollution concentration 酸雨、越境空氣污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution 二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide(SO2)emissions 懸浮顆粒物 suspended particles

工業(yè)粉塵排放 industrial dust discharged 煙塵排放 soot emissions 二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide(NO2)礦物燃料（煤、石油、天然氣）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清潔能源 clean energy 汽車尾氣排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾氣凈化器 exhaust purifier 無鉛汽油 lead-free gasoline 天然氣汽車 gas-fueled vehicles

電動(dòng)汽車 cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 氯氟烴 CFCs

溫室效應(yīng) greenhouse effect 厄爾尼諾南徊 ENSO(El Nino Southern Oscillation)噪音 noise（分貝 db;decibel）

化學(xué)需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一個(gè)指標(biāo)）COD；chemical oxygen demand 生物需氧量 BOD;biological oxygen demand 工業(yè)廢水處理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水處理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中處理廠 centralized treatment plant 紅潮 red tide(rapid propagation of sea algae

英語―氣象‖用語表達(dá)法

1、氣候種類

山地氣候 mountain climate 恒風(fēng) constant wind 微風(fēng) breeze 冬季季風(fēng)氣候 winter monsoon climate 逆風(fēng) headwind 臺(tái)風(fēng) typhoon 季風(fēng)氣候 monsoon climate 高氣壓 high-pressure 鋒面 frontal edge 亞熱帶氣候 sub-tropical climate 氣團(tuán) air mass 熱浪 heat wave 高原氣候 plateau climate 閃電 lightning 霧 fog 海濱氣候 littoral climate 涼 cool 霜 frost 極地氣候 polar climate 雪堆 snowdrift 露 dew 熱帶氣候 tropical climate 寒冷 chilly

3、風(fēng)的名稱

溫帶沙漠氣候 temperate desert climate 間歇雨 intermittent rain 無風(fēng) calm 溫帶干燥氣候 temperate arid climate 大雨 heavy rain 輕風(fēng) light breeze 熱帶季風(fēng)氣候 tropical monsson climate 信風(fēng) trade wind 微風(fēng) gentle breeze 大陸氣候 continental climate 天氣預(yù)報(bào) weather forecast 和風(fēng) moderate breeze 沙漠氣候 desert climate 甘霖 welcome rain 清風(fēng) fresh breeze 沿海氣候 coastal climate 冰柱 icicle 強(qiáng)風(fēng) strong breeze 高地氣候 highland climate 西北風(fēng) northwester 疾風(fēng) near gale 海洋氣候 marine climate 地形雨 local rains 大風(fēng) gale 森林氣候 forest climate 狂風(fēng) squall 烈風(fēng) strong gale 溫帶氣候 temperate climate 雨季 rainy season 狂風(fēng) storm 濕潤(rùn)氣候 humid climate 雨點(diǎn) raindrops 暴風(fēng) violent storm 溫帶草原氣候 temperate grassy climate 東北信風(fēng) northeast trades 颶風(fēng) hurricane 熱帶雨林氣候 tropical rainy climate 東南風(fēng) southeaster 臺(tái)風(fēng) typhoon 熱帶海洋氣候 tropical marine climate 風(fēng)級(jí) wind scale 龍卷風(fēng) tornado

2、氣象用語 虹 rainbow

小雨 light rain 陣雨 shower平靜 calm 毛毛雨 drizzle,fine rain 疾風(fēng) gusty wind 微波 rippled 反常天氣 freakish weather 氣旋 cyclone 微浪 smooth wavelets 北風(fēng) north wind 氣壓 barometric pressure 細(xì)浪 light seas 冰 ice 陰天 cloudy day 小浪 moderate seas 冰點(diǎn) freezing point 雪花 snow flake 中浪 rough seas 西南風(fēng) southwester 晴 clear 大浪 very rough seas 冷峰 cold front 順風(fēng) favorable wind 強(qiáng)浪 high seas

低氣壓 low-pressure 悶熱天氣 muggy weather 巨浪 very high seas 雨量 rainfall 雹 hail 狂浪 monster waves 東北風(fēng) northeaster 雷 thunder

3、自然災(zāi)害

東風(fēng) east wind 滂沱大雨 downpour 火山地震 volcanic earthquake 炎熱 scorching heat 暖鋒 warm front 海嘯 tidal wave 風(fēng)眼 eye of a storm 零度 zero 山崩 landslide 零度以下 subzero

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（06）--機(jī)關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)詞匯

部屬機(jī)構(gòu)屬譯名（以化學(xué)工業(yè)為例）化學(xué)工業(yè)部 Ministry of Chemical Industry 辦公廳 General Office 計(jì)劃司 Planning Department 外事司 Foreign Affairs Department 人事司 Personnel Department 化工新材料局 New Chemical Material Department 化工司 橡膠司 煉化司 礦山司 Chemical Department Rubber Department Department of Refining and Chemicals Chemical Mines Bureau 化工規(guī)劃院 Chemical Planning Institute 設(shè)備總公司 Equipment General Corporation 基建局 Capital Construction Department 教育司 Education Department 化肥司 Chemical Fertilizer Department 供銷局 Department of Supply and Sales 市屬機(jī)械譯名（以北京市為例）

北京市人大常委會(huì) Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨北京市委員會(huì)Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC 中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議北京市委員會(huì)Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC 北京市人民政府 Beijing Municipal People's Government 高級(jí)人民法院 High People's Court 人民檢察院 People's Procuratorate 外事辦公室 Foreign Affairs Office 僑務(wù)辦公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 財(cái)貿(mào)辦公室 Office of Finance and Trade 文教辦公室 Office of Culture and Education 計(jì)劃委員會(huì) Planning Committee 經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì) Economic Committee

城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)委員會(huì) Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction 科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會(huì) 城市規(guī)劃委員會(huì) 對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)委員會(huì) 市政管理委員會(huì) Committee of Science and Technology Committee of Municipal Design Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries Municipal Administration Committee 民族委員會(huì) Nationalities Committee 體育委員會(huì) Physical Culture and Sports Committee 計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì) Family Planning Committee 人事局 Personnel Bureau 科技干部管理局 Bureau of Scientific and Technical Personnel 老干部局 Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres 統(tǒng)計(jì)局 Statistical Bureau 物價(jià)局 Bureau of Commodity Price 工商行政管理局 Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce 商品檢驗(yàn)局 Bureau for Inspection of Commodities 審計(jì)局 Auditing Bureau 財(cái)政局 Finance Bureau 稅務(wù)局 Tax Bureau 勞動(dòng)局 Labor Bureau 檔案局 Archives Bureau 物資管理局 Bureau of Materials 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)量局 Bureau of Standard Measurement 公用局 Bureau if Public Utilities 廣播電視局 Bureau of Radio and Television 教育委員會(huì) Education Committee 文化局 Bureau of Culture 文物事業(yè)管理局 Bureau of Cultural Relics 衛(wèi)生局 Health Bureau 鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)管理局 Bureau if Township Enterprise Management 地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)局 Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources 農(nóng)業(yè)局 Agricultural Bureau 林業(yè)局 Forestry Bureau 水產(chǎn)局 Bureau of Aquatic Products 氣象局 Meteorological Bureau 水資源管理局 Control Bureau of Water Resources 園林局 Bureau of Parks and Woods 環(huán)境保護(hù)局 Bureau for Environmental Protection 環(huán)境衛(wèi)生管理局 Bureau for Environmental Health 商業(yè)委員會(huì) Commerce Committee 糧食局 Food Bureau 房地產(chǎn)管理局 Real Estate Bureau 城市規(guī)劃管理局 Bureau for Municipal Design 機(jī)械設(shè)備成套局 Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery and Equipment 公安局 Public Security Bureau

安全局 Security Bureau 司法局 Justice Bureau 民政局 Bureau of Civil Affairs 勞改工作管理局 Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work 旅游局 Travel Bureau/Tourism Administration 鐵路局 Railways Bureau 郵政局 Post Bureau 電信局 Telecommunications Bureau 北京民航管理局 Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation 北京海關(guān) Beijing Customs 外交人員服務(wù)局 Service Bureau for Foreign Officials 首都鋼鐵公司 Capital Iron and Steel Company 燕山石化總公司 Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation 企業(yè)

半導(dǎo)體器械廠 Semi-Conductor Apparatus Plant 包裝材料廠 Packaging Materials Plant 保溫瓶廠 Thermos Flask Factory 煉鋼廠 Steel Works 被單廠 Bed sheet Factory 變壓器廠 Transformer factory 玻璃制品廠 Glassware Factory 茶廠 Tea Processing Factory 柴油機(jī)廠 Diesel Engine Plant 車輛制造廠 Railway Car Plant 船舶修造廠 Ship Repair Yard 燈具廠 Lighting Equipment Factory 低壓開關(guān)廠 Low-Voltage Switch Factory 汽車制造廠 Automobile Works 發(fā)電廠 Power Plant 電動(dòng)工具廠 Electric Tool Works 電機(jī)廠 Electrical Machinery Plant 電訊器材廠 Telecommunication Apparatus Factory 電子管廠 Electronic Tube Factory 電子設(shè)備廠 Electronic Equipment Factory 鑄造廠 Foundry Works 紡織機(jī)械廠 Textile Machinery Plant 服裝廠 Garment Factory 皮革制品廠 Leather Goods Factory 罐頭食品廠 Canned Food Plant 光學(xué)儀器廠 Optical Instrument Factory 廣播器材廠 Broadcasting Equipment Factory 鍋爐廠 Boiler Factory 化肥廠 Chemical Fertilizer Plant 化工廠 Chemical Works

化學(xué)纖維廠 Chemical Fiber Plant 化妝品廠 Cosmetics Plant 機(jī)床廠 Machine Tools Plant 機(jī)械修理廠 Machine Repair Plant 建筑機(jī)械廠 Construction Machinery Plant 金屬工藝制品廠 Metal Handicraft Plant 晶體管廠 Transistor Factory 絕緣材料廠 Insulating Materials Plant 民族樂器廠 Folk Music Instrument Factory 煉油廠 Oil Refinery 糧油加工廠 Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory 毛紡織廠 Woolen Mill 木材廠 Timber Mill 家具廠 Furniture Factory 農(nóng)藥廠 Insecticide Factory 啤酒廠 Beer Brewery 汽車修配廠 Motor-Car Repair and Assembly Plant 人造纖維廠 Artificial Fiber Plant 乳品加工廠 Milk Processing Plant 石油化工機(jī)械廠 Petro-Chemical Machinery Plant 水泥廠 Cement Plant 塑料廠 Plastics Plant 搪瓷廠 Enamel Plant 陶瓷廠 Pottery and porcelain Factory 通用機(jī)械廠 General Machinery Plant 玩具廠 Toy Factory 無線電器材廠 Radio Appliances Factory 五金廠 Hardware Factory 橡膠廠 Rubber Plant 制藥廠 Pharmaceutical Factory 羊毛衫廠 Woolen Sweater Mill 針織廠 Knitwear Mill 冶煉廠 Metallurgical Plant 醫(yī)療器械廠 Medical Apparatus Factory 儀表廠 Instrument and Meters Factory 飲料廠 Soft Drinks Plant 印染廠 Printing and Dyeing Mill 油漆廠 Paint Factory 有機(jī)化工廠 Organic Chemical Plant 造紙機(jī)械廠 Paper Making Machinery Plant 造船廠 Shipbuilding Plant 自行車廠 Bicycle Plant 公司、企業(yè)集團(tuán)

家用電器有限公司 Household Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd.技貿(mào)公司 Technology and Trade Co., Ltd.鋼鐵公司 Iron and Steel Company 保安服務(wù)公司 Security Service Company 針織有限公司 Knitting Company Ltd.實(shí)業(yè)集團(tuán)公司 Industrial Group Corporation 國(guó)際租賃公司 International Leasing Company 電子技術(shù)開發(fā)公司 Electronic Technology Development Co.毛紡織有限公司 Woolen Textile Co., Ltd.系統(tǒng)工程有限公司 System Engineering Corporation 計(jì)算機(jī)集團(tuán)公司 Computer Group Co.時(shí)裝有限公司 Fashion Company Ltd.廣告公司 Advertising Company 科學(xué)技術(shù)開發(fā)公司 Science and Technical Development Company 水產(chǎn)品有限公司 Aquatic Product Company Ltd.旅游公司 Travel Corporation 服裝公司 Garment Company Ltd.國(guó)際廣告展覽有限公司International Advertising and Exposition Co., Ltd.電冰箱廠有限公司 Refrigerator Factory Co., Ltd.電風(fēng)扇工業(yè)公司 Electric Fan Industry Company 電話技術(shù)開發(fā)服務(wù)公司Telephonic Technology Development Service Co.電力機(jī)械制造公司 Electrical Machinery Manufacturing Company 電信發(fā)展公司 Telecommunications Development Co.電子器材公司 Electronic Equipment & Materials Corporation 建筑工程 Construction Project Consulting 咨詢公司 Corporation 科學(xué)儀器 Scientific Instrument Import and 進(jìn)出口公司 Export Co.儀器設(shè)備公司 Instrument and Equipment Company 汽車企業(yè)集團(tuán) Automobile Enterprise Group 技術(shù)開發(fā)咨詢公司 Technical Development and Consultancy Co.對(duì)外服務(wù)公司 Foreign Service Company 對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展公司 Foreign Economic Development Company 紡織企業(yè)集團(tuán) Textile Enterprise Group 對(duì)外貿(mào)易公司 Foreign Trade Company 貿(mào)易有限公司 Trading Company Ltd.國(guó)際投資有限公司 International Investment Company 塑料制品有限公司 Plastic Products Co., Ltd.工藝美術(shù)品公司 Arts and Crafts Corporation 國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作公司International Economic & Technological Consulting Corporation 國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)公司 International Economic Development Corporation 國(guó)際科技咨詢公司 International Scientific and Technological Consulting Corporation 國(guó)際貿(mào)易展覽公司 International Trade Exhibition Company 國(guó)際商業(yè)服務(wù)公司 International Commercial Service Company 國(guó)際信息處理有限公司International Information Processing Co., Ltd.國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作公司 International Economic Cooperation Corporation 國(guó)際工程集團(tuán) International Engineering Group Corporation 制衣實(shí)業(yè)公司 Garments Industrial Company 化工工程咨詢公司 Chemical Engineering Consulting Corporation 計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù) Computer Technology Service 服務(wù)公司 Corporation 工程承包有限公司 Project Contracting Co., Ltd.建筑設(shè)計(jì)合資公司 Building Design Joint Venture Corporation 交通進(jìn)出口 Communications Import & Export 服務(wù)公司 Service Company 飯店集團(tuán)服務(wù)公司 Hotel Group, Ltd.飲料有限公司 Beverage Company Limited 建筑工程公司 Construction Engineering Co.陶瓷企業(yè)集團(tuán) Porcelain Industry Complex 飼料技術(shù)開發(fā)集團(tuán) Feed Technological Development Group 能源開發(fā)公司 Energy Development Corporation 民辦交通信息中心 Non-Governmental Transport Information Center 國(guó)貨有限公司 China Products Company Ltd.氣象服務(wù)公司 Meteorological Service Company 農(nóng)資公司 Agricultural Materials Company 化纖工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司 Chemical Fiber Industry Group 房產(chǎn)投資有限公司 Realty & Investment Company 房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)公司 Real Estate Development Company 國(guó)際集裝箱有限公司 International Container Co., Ltd.證券公司 Securities Company 塑料皮革工業(yè)公司 Plastics and Leather Industrial Company 討債公司 Debt Collecting Company 新型建筑材料供應(yīng)公司 New Building Materials Supply Company 金融、保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)

中國(guó)人民銀行 People's Bank of China 中國(guó)人民建設(shè)銀行 People's Construction Bank of China 中國(guó)工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行 Agricultural Bank of China 中國(guó)銀行 Bank of China 交通銀行 Bank of Communications 中國(guó)投資銀行 China Investment Bank 中信實(shí)業(yè)銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中國(guó)光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China 廈門國(guó)際銀行 Xiamen International Bank 廣東發(fā)展銀行 Guangdong Development Bank 浦東發(fā)展銀行 Pudong Development Bank 中國(guó)國(guó)際信托投資公司 China International Trust ＆ Investment Corporation 中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司 People's Insurance Company of China平安保險(xiǎn)公司 Ping An Insurance Company

中國(guó)人壽保險(xiǎn)公司 China Life Insurance Company Ltd.商店

書店 books store 糧店 grain store 食品點(diǎn) food store 煤店 coal store 食品雜貨（副食品）店 grocery 醬園 sauce and pickles shop 肉店 meat(butcher's)shop 酒店 wine shop 水產(chǎn)店 aquatic products shop 家禽店 fowl shop 豆腐店 bean curd shop 烤肉店 roast meat shop 鹵味店 sauced meat shop 飲食店 food and drink shop 小吃店 eating house(snack bar)飯店 restaurant 冷飲店 cold drinks shop 蔬菜店水果店 green grocery(green grocer's)蔬菜店 vegetables shop 鞋帽店 shoes and hats store 百貨公司 department store 百貨商場(chǎng) general merchandise market 服裝店 clothing store 成衣店 ready-made clothes shop 呢絨綢布店 wool, silk and cotton fabrics store 藥店（美：雜貨店）drug store(pharmacy)兒童用品商店 children's goods shop 婦女用品商店 women's goods shop 鐘表店 watch and clock ship 文具店 stationer's(stationery shop)日用雜貨店 daily-use sundry goods shop 炊事用具商店 cooking utensils shop 家用器具商店 household utensils shop 五金商店 metal products shop 家具店 furniture shop 眼鏡店 eyeglasses store 玻璃禮品店 glass gifts store 爆竹鞭炮店 fireworks shop 電器商店 electrical appliance shop 油漆店 paint shop 化工油漆染料店 chemicals, paint and dyestuffs shop 地產(chǎn)建材商店 native building materials store

照相館（攝影室）photographic studio(photographer's)舊貨店 second-hand goods store(used goods store)寄賣商店 commission shop 綜合修理店 general repair shop(service)工藝美術(shù)服務(wù)社 arts and crafts shop 花店 flower shop 古玩珠寶店 antiques and jewelry shop 香煙店（攤）cigarette shop(stall)售報(bào)亭 newspaper and magazine stand 茶館 tea house 理發(fā)店 barber's shop(hairdresser's)洗澡堂 bath house 旅店/旅館 inn/ hotel 郵局 post office 中國(guó)人民團(tuán)體People’s Organizations of China

測(cè)繪學(xué)會(huì) Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 地震學(xué)會(huì) Seismological Society 國(guó)際金融學(xué)會(huì) International Finance Society 國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略問題學(xué)會(huì) Institute for International Strategic Studies 海洋學(xué)會(huì) Society of Oceanography 科普學(xué)會(huì) Popular Science Society 全國(guó)少年兒童文化藝術(shù)委員會(huì) National Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children 全國(guó)少年兒童工作協(xié)調(diào)委員會(huì) National Children’s Work Coordination Committee 全國(guó)史學(xué)會(huì) China Society of History 宋慶齡基金會(huì)（上海）Song Ching Ling Foundation(Shanghai)中國(guó)奧林匹克委員會(huì) Chinese Olympic Committee 中國(guó)筆會(huì)中心 Chinese Pen Center 中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化協(xié)會(huì) China Association for Standardization 中國(guó)殘疾人福利基金會(huì) China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped 中國(guó)出版協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Publishers Association 中國(guó)道教協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Taoist Association 中國(guó)電視藝術(shù)家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Television Artists Association 中國(guó)電影家協(xié)會(huì) China Film Association 中國(guó)法律質(zhì)詢中心 Chinese Legal Consultancy Center 中國(guó)法律會(huì) China Law Society 中國(guó)翻譯工作者協(xié)會(huì) Translators Association of China 中國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Buddhists Association 中國(guó)福利會(huì) China Welfare Institute 中國(guó)歌劇研究會(huì) Chinese Opera Research Institute 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)主義青年團(tuán) Communist Youth League of China 中國(guó)國(guó)際法學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Society of International Law 中國(guó)國(guó)際交流協(xié)會(huì) Association for International Understanding of China 中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)總會(huì) Red Cross Society of China 中國(guó)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)會(huì) China Accounting Society

中國(guó)基督教―三自‖愛國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)委員會(huì) Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China 中國(guó)基督教協(xié)會(huì) China Christian Council 中國(guó)計(jì)量測(cè)試學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Society for Measurement 中國(guó)金融學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Monetary Society 中國(guó)考古協(xié)會(huì) Archaeological Society of China 中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)史學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Society of Science and Technology History 中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì) China Society and Technology Association 中國(guó)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織全國(guó)委員會(huì) National Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO 中國(guó)聯(lián)合國(guó)協(xié)會(huì) United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China 中國(guó)美術(shù)家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Artists Association 中國(guó)民間文藝家協(xié)會(huì) China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art 中國(guó)企業(yè)管理協(xié)會(huì) China Enterprise Management Association 中國(guó)曲藝家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Ballad Singers Association 中國(guó)人民保衛(wèi)兒童基金會(huì) Chinese People’s National Committee for Defense of Children 中國(guó)人民對(duì)外友好協(xié)會(huì) Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries 中國(guó)少年兒童基金會(huì) Children’s Foundation of China 中國(guó)少年先鋒隊(duì) China Young Pioneers 中國(guó)攝影家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Photographers Society 中國(guó)書法家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Calligraphers Association 中國(guó)天主教愛國(guó)會(huì) Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association 中國(guó)天主教教務(wù)委員會(huì) National Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church 中國(guó)天主教主教團(tuán) Chinese Catholic Bishops College 中國(guó)文學(xué)藝術(shù)界聯(lián)合會(huì) China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中國(guó)舞蹈家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Dancers Association 中國(guó)戲劇家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Dramatists Association 中國(guó)伊斯蘭教協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Islamic Association 中國(guó)音樂家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Musicians Association 中國(guó)雜技藝術(shù)家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Acrobats Association 中國(guó)政法學(xué)會(huì) China Society of Political Science and Law 中國(guó)作家協(xié)會(huì) Chinese Writers Association 中化全國(guó)婦女聯(lián)合會(huì) All-China Women’s Federation

中華全國(guó)工商聯(lián)合會(huì) All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce 中華全國(guó)歸國(guó)華僑聯(lián)合會(huì) All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中華全國(guó)青年聯(lián)合會(huì) All-China Youth Federation 中華全國(guó)世界語聯(lián)合會(huì) All-China Esperanto League 中華全國(guó)臺(tái)灣同胞聯(lián)誼會(huì) All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots 中華全國(guó)體育總會(huì) All-China Sports Federation 中華全國(guó)新聞工作者協(xié)會(huì) All-China Journalists’ Association 中華全國(guó)總工會(huì) All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì) Chinese Medical Association 國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)China's State Organs 1.全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì) National People's Congress(NPC)

主席團(tuán) Presidium 常務(wù)委員會(huì) Standing Committee 辦公廳General Office 秘書處Secretariat 代表資格審查委員會(huì)Credentials Committee 提案審查委員會(huì)Motions Examination Committee 民族委員會(huì)Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委員會(huì)Law Committee 財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)Finance and Economy Committee 外事委員會(huì)Foreign Affairs Committee 教育、科學(xué)、文化和衛(wèi)生委員會(huì)Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 內(nèi)務(wù)司法委員會(huì)Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 華僑委員會(huì)Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制工作委員會(huì)Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定問題調(diào)查委員會(huì)Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 憲法修改委員會(huì)Committee for Revision of the Constitution 2.中華人民共和國(guó)主席 [President of the People's Republic of China] 3.中央軍事委員會(huì) [Central Military Commission] 4.最高人民法院 [Supreme People's Court] 5.最高人民檢察院 [Supreme People's Procuratorate] 6.國(guó)務(wù)院 [State Council](1)國(guó)務(wù)院部委 Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 國(guó)防部Ministry of National Defence 國(guó)家發(fā)展計(jì)劃委員會(huì)State Development Planning Commission 國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易委員會(huì)State Economic and Trade Commission 教育部Ministry of Education 科學(xué)技術(shù)部Ministry of Science and Technology 國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)工業(yè)委員會(huì)Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence 國(guó)家民族事物委員會(huì)State Ethnic Affairs Commission 公安部Ministry of Public Security 國(guó)家安全部Ministry of State Security 監(jiān)察部Ministry of Supervision 民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs 司法部Ministry of Justice 財(cái)政部Ministry of Finance 人事部Ministry of Personnel 勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security 國(guó)土資源部Ministry of Land and Resources 建設(shè)部Ministry of Construction 鐵道部Ministry of Railways 交通部Ministry of Communications 信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部Ministry of Information Industry

水利部Ministry of Water Resources 農(nóng)業(yè)部Ministry of Agriculture 對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture 衛(wèi)生部Ministry of Public Health 國(guó)家計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)State Family Planning Commission 中國(guó)人民銀行People's Bank of China 國(guó)家審計(jì)署State Auditing Administration(2)國(guó)務(wù)院辦事機(jī)構(gòu) Offices under the State Council 國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳General Office of the State Council 僑務(wù)辦公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs 港澳臺(tái)辦公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 臺(tái)灣事務(wù)辦公室Taiwan Affairs Office 法制辦公室Office of Legislative Affairs 經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革辦公室Office for Economic Restructuring 國(guó)務(wù)院研究室Research Office of the State Council 新聞辦公室Information Office 公司部門的英文標(biāo)識(shí)名稱 總公司 Head Office 分公司 Branch Office 營(yíng)業(yè)部 Business Office 人事部 Personnel Department 人力資源部Human Resources Department 總務(wù)部 General Affairs Department 財(cái)務(wù)部 General Accounting Department 銷售部 Sales Department 促銷部 Sales Promotion Department 國(guó)際部 International Department 出口部 Export Department 進(jìn)口部 Import Department 公共關(guān)系 Public Relations Department 廣告部 Advertising Department 企劃部 Planning Department 產(chǎn)品開發(fā)部 Product Development Department 研發(fā)部 Research and Development Department(R&D)秘書室 Secretarial Pool

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（07）--世貿(mào)組織詞匯

（補(bǔ)貼協(xié)議）可訴補(bǔ)貼Actionable subsidy(紡織品與服裝、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品)一體化進(jìn)程Integration process

（服務(wù)貿(mào)易）境外消費(fèi)Consumption abroad（服務(wù)貿(mào)易）跨境交付Cross border supply（服務(wù)貿(mào)易）商業(yè)存在Commercial presence(服務(wù)貿(mào)易)自然人 natural person(服務(wù)貿(mào)易)自然人流動(dòng)Presence of natural person(解決爭(zhēng)端)被訴方Defendant（解決爭(zhēng)端）調(diào)查結(jié)果Findings(解決爭(zhēng)端)上訴Appeal(解決爭(zhēng)端)申訴方Complaint(利益的)喪失和減損Nullification and impairment(農(nóng)產(chǎn)品)國(guó)內(nèi)支持Domestic support（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品）綜合支持量AMS(Aggregate Measurement of Support)（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)內(nèi)支持）黃箱措施Amber Box measures（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)內(nèi)支持）藍(lán)箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)內(nèi)支持）綠箱措施Green Box measures(農(nóng)業(yè))多功能性 Multifunctionality（歐盟）共同農(nóng)業(yè)政策Common Agriculture Policy(爭(zhēng)端解決)專家組Panel（知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)）地理標(biāo)識(shí)Geographical indications 《巴黎公約》(關(guān)于保護(hù)工業(yè)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的公約)Paris Convention 《巴塞爾公約》（有關(guān)危險(xiǎn)廢棄物的多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定）Basel Convention 《北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定》NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement)《瀕危物種國(guó)際貿(mào)易公約》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯爾尼公約》（有關(guān)保護(hù)文學(xué)和藝術(shù)作品版權(quán)的公約）Berne Convention 《多種纖維協(xié)定》MFA(Multifibre Agreement)《紡織品與服裝協(xié)議》ATC(Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)《服務(wù)貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Services)《關(guān)于爭(zhēng)端解決規(guī)則與程序的諒解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)《京都議定書》 Kyoto Protocol 《里斯本條約》（有關(guān)地理標(biāo)識(shí)及其國(guó)際注冊(cè)）Lisbon Agreement 《蒙特利爾議定書》(有關(guān)保護(hù)大氣臭氧層的多邊環(huán)境協(xié)定)Montreal Protocol 《農(nóng)產(chǎn)品協(xié)議》特殊保障SSG(Special Safeguard)《農(nóng)業(yè)協(xié)議》中關(guān)于反補(bǔ)貼的和平條款Peace clause 《生物多樣性公約》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)《信息技術(shù)協(xié)議》ITA(Information Technology Agreement)WTO最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家高級(jí)別會(huì)議HLM(WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū) NAFTA(North American Free Trade Area)采取措施后Ex post 采取措施前Ex ante 產(chǎn)品生命周期分析LCA(Life Cycle Analysis)出口補(bǔ)貼Export subsidy 出口實(shí)績(jī)Export performance 垂直兼并 vertical merger

當(dāng)?shù)睾縇ocal content 電子商務(wù) Electronic Commerce 東部和南部非洲共同市場(chǎng)COMESA(Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)ASEAN Free Trade Area 動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施SPS(Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard)反補(bǔ)貼稅Countervailing duty 反傾銷措施 anti-dumping measures against… 反向通知Counter-notification 非配額產(chǎn)品 quota-free products 非生產(chǎn)性投資 investment in non-productive projects 非洲、加勒比和太平洋國(guó)家集團(tuán)（洛美協(xié)定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理/評(píng)估 risk management/ assessment 關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定，世界貿(mào)易組織的前身 GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)規(guī)避Circumvention 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織ISO(International Organization for Standardization)國(guó)際紡織品服裝局ITCB(International Textile and Clothing Bureau)國(guó)際貨幣基金組織IMF(International Monetary Fund)國(guó)際勞工組織ILO(International Labor Organization)國(guó)際貿(mào)易中心ITC(International Trade Center)國(guó)際貿(mào)易組織ITO(International Trade Organization)

國(guó)際貿(mào)易組織臨時(shí)委員會(huì)ICITO(Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization)國(guó)際清算 international settlement 國(guó)際收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment 國(guó)際收支條款BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions 國(guó)際獸疫組織International Office of Epizootics 國(guó)民待遇National treatment 國(guó)內(nèi)補(bǔ)貼Domestic subsidy 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)Domestic production 海關(guān)估價(jià)Customs valuation 海關(guān)完稅價(jià)值Customs value 橫向兼并 horizontal merger 環(huán)保型技術(shù)EST(Environmentally-sound technology)灰色區(qū)域措施Grey area measures 貨幣留成制度Currency retention scheme 貨幣貿(mào)易理事會(huì)CTG(Council for Trade in Goods)基礎(chǔ)稅率Base tariff level 既定日程Built-in agenda 交叉報(bào)復(fù)Cross retaliation 進(jìn)口差價(jià)稅Import variable duties 進(jìn)口附加稅Import surcharge 進(jìn)口環(huán)節(jié)稅 import linkage tax 進(jìn)口滲透Import penetration 進(jìn)口替代Import substitution 進(jìn)口許可Import licensing

進(jìn)口押金Import deposits 經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)垃圾融資 junk financing 聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境署UNEP(United Nations Environment Program)聯(lián)合國(guó)開發(fā)計(jì)劃署UNDP(United Nations Development Program)聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會(huì)議UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)糧食安全Food security 慢性蕭條 chronic depression 貿(mào)易和投資自由化和便利化 TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)貿(mào)易與發(fā)展委員會(huì)Committee on Trade and Development 貿(mào)易與環(huán)境委員會(huì)Committee on Trade and Environment 模式Modalities 南方共同市場(chǎng)（或稱南錐體共同市場(chǎng)）MERCOSUR(Southern Common Market)南亞區(qū)域合作聯(lián)盟SAARC(South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟EFTA(European Free Trade Association)配額調(diào)整條款modulation of quota clause 瓶頸制約 'bottleneck' restrictions 全球配額 global quota 上訴機(jī)構(gòu)Appeal body 申報(bào)制度 reporting system;income declaration system 生產(chǎn)補(bǔ)貼Production subsidy 實(shí)行國(guó)民待遇 grant the national treatment to 實(shí)質(zhì)損害Material injury 食品法典委員會(huì) CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission)世界海關(guān)組織WCO(World Customs Organization)世界貿(mào)易組織WTO(World Trade Organization)世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織WIPO(World Intellectual Property Organization)市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)人的行政管理措施 AAMA(Administrative Aspects of Market Access)市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入Market access 通知義務(wù)Notification obligation 同類產(chǎn)品Like product 烏拉圭回合Uruguay Round 消費(fèi)膨脹 inflated consumption 協(xié)調(diào)制度（商品名稱及編碼協(xié)調(diào)制度）HS(Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)新議題New issues 許可費(fèi) License fee 有秩序的市場(chǎng)安排Orderly market arrangements 約束水平Bound level 爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)Dispute Settlement Body 政府采購(gòu) Government procurement 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)IPRs(Intellectual property rights)直接支付Direct payment 諸邊協(xié)議 Plurilateral agreement

專門的營(yíng)銷機(jī)構(gòu)Market boards 轉(zhuǎn)基因生物GMOs(Genetically Modified Organisms)祖父條款 grandfather clause 最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家LDCs(Least-developed countries)最初談判權(quán)(初談權(quán))INRs(Initial Negotiating Rights)最惠國(guó)待遇（現(xiàn)通常稱'正常貿(mào)易關(guān)系'）MFN（most-favored-nation)treatment 最惠國(guó)貿(mào)易地位(待遇)MFN(Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)WTO術(shù)語英文解釋 General GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO.An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.GATT 1947 — The old(pre-1994)version of the GATT.GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.Members — WTO governments(first letter capitalized, in WTO style).MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment(GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals.GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs.GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection.TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade

Policy Review Mechanism.transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable.Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993.Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994.Tariffs binding, bound — see ―tariff binding‖

electronic commerce — The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks.free-rider — A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under the most-favoured-nation principle.Harmonized System — An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis.Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes.ITA — Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in

Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000.ITA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage.nuisance tariff — Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates.schedule of concessions — List of bound tariff rates.tariff binding — Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level.Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties.tariff escalation — Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products.This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate.tariff peaks — Relatively high tariffs, usually on ―sensitive‖ products, amidst generally low tariff levels.For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as ―tariff peaks‖.tariffs — Customs duties on merchandise imports.Levied either on an ad valorem basis(percentage of value)or on a specific basis(e.g.$7 per 100 kgs.).Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government.WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.Non-tariff measures anti-dumping duties — Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country.circumvention — Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties.countervailing measures — Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.dumping — Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost.NTMs — Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, etc.price undertaking — Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of an anti-dumping duty.PSI — Preshipment inspection — the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas — i.e.price, quantity, quality, etc.QRs — Quantitative restrictions — specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported(or exported)during a specific time period.rules of origin — Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin.A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty.These rules can vary from country to country.safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up of imports — governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994.subsidy — There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic.An export subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports.A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports.tariffication — Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which all non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs.trade facilitation — Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders(e.g.simplification of customs procedures).VRA, VER, OMA — Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement.Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country(government or industry)agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls.Textiles and clothing ATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period.carry forward — When an exporting country uses part of the following year’s quota during the current year.carry over — When an exporting country utilizes the previous year’s unutilized quota.circumvention — Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by altering the country of origin of a product.CTG — Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC.integration programme — The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January

1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.ITCB — International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.MFA — Multifibre Arrangement(1974-94)under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions.swing — When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product.TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments.transitional safeguard mechanism — Allows members to impose restrictions against individual exporting countries if the importing country can show that both overall imports of a product and imports from the individual countries are entering the country in such increased quantities as to cause — or threaten — serious damage to the relevant domestic industry.Agriculture/SPS Agenda 2000 — EC’s financial reform plans for 2000–06 aimed at strengthening the union with a view to receiving new members.Includes reform of the CAP(see below).border protection — Any measure which acts to restrain imports at point of entry.BSE — Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or ―mad cow disease‖.box — Category of domestic support.— Green box: supports considered not to distort trade and therefore permitted with no limits.— Blue box: permitted supports linked to production, but

subject to production limits and therefore minimally trade-distorting.— Amber box: supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction commitments.Cairns Group — Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization.It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round.Current membership: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay.CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.Codex Alimentarius — FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety.distortion — When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market.deficiency payment — Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less.EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs.internal support — Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade;direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production.International Office of Epizootics — Deals with international standards concerning animal health.multifunctionality — Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g.environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc.See non-trade concerns.non-trade concerns — Similar to multifunctionality.The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples.Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation.peace clause — Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT.Expires at the end of 2003.reform process/program — The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process.It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e.a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms.Current negotiations launched under Article 20 are for continuing the reform process.SPS regulations — Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations — government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption.variable levy — Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion.Intellectual property Berne Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in

their literary and artistic works.CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity.compulsory licensing — For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent — to make, use, sell or import a product under patent(i.e.a patented product or a product made by a patented process)— without the permission of the patent owner.Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled.See also government use.counterfeit — Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods.exhaustion — The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it.(A debate among WTO member governments is whether this applies to products put on the market under compulsory licences.)Countries’ laws vary as to whether the right continues to be exhausted if the product is imported from one market into another, which affects the owner’s rights over trade in the protected product.See also parallel imports.geographical indications — Place names(or words associated with a place)used to identify products(for example, ―Champagne‖, ―Tequila‖ or ―Roquefort‖)which have a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic because they come from that place government use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner.See also compulsory licensing.intellectual property rights — Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works(protected by copyright), inventions(protected by patents), signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise(protected by trademarks)and other elements of industrial property.IPRs — Intellectual property rights.Lisbon Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of geographical indications and their international registration.Madrid Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods.mailbox — Refers to the requirement of the TRIPS Agreement applying to WTO members which do not yet provide product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and for agricultural chemicals.Since 1 January 1995, when the WTO agreements entered into force, these countries have to establish a means by which applications of patents for these products can be filed.(An additional requirement says they must also put in place a system for granting ―exclusive marketing rights‖ for the products whose patent applications have been filed.)parallel imports — When a product made legally(i.e.not pirated)abroad is imported without the permission of the intellectual property right-holder(e.g.the trademark or patent owner).Some countries allow this, others do not.Paris Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of industrial intellectual property, i.e.patents, utility models, industrial designs, etc.piracy — Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights(such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc)for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials.Rome Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, UNESCO and ILO, for the protection of the works of performers, broadcasting organizations and producers of phonograms.TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization.Investment export-performance measure — Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported.FDI — Foreign direct investment.local-content measure — Requirement that the investor purchase a certain amount of local materials for incorporation in the investor’s product.product-mandating — Requirement that the investor export to certain countries or region.trade-balancing measure — Requirement that the investor use earnings from exports to pay for imports.TRIMS — Trade-related investment measures.Dispute settlement Appellate Body — An independent seven-person body that, upon request by one or more parties to the dispute, reviews findings in panel reports.automaticity — The ―automatic‖ chronological progression for settling trade disputes in regard to panel establishment, terms of reference, composition and adoption procedures.DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.nullification and impairment — Damage to a country’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTO

obligations.panel — Consisting of three experts, this independent body is established by the DSB to examine and issue recommendations on a particular dispute in the light of WTO provisions.Services accounting rate — In telecoms, the charge made by one country’s telephone network operator for calls originating in another country.commercial presence — Having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country.GATS — The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services.general obligations — Obligations which should be applied to all services sector at the entry into force of the agreement.Initial commitments — Trade liberalizing commitments in services which members are prepared to make early on.modes of delivery — How international trade in services is supplied and consumed.Mode 1: cross border supply;mode 2: consumption abroad;mode 3: foreign commercial presence;and mode 4: movement of natural persons.multi-modal — Transportation using more than one mode.In the GATS negotiations, essentially door-to-door services that include international shipping.national schedules — The equivalent of tariff schedules in GATT, laying down the commitments accepted — voluntarily or through negotiation — by WTO members.natural persons — People, as distinct from juridical persons such as companies and organizations.offer — A country’s proposal for further liberalization.protocols — Additional agreements attached to the GATS.The Second Protocol deals with the 1995 commitments on financial services.The Third Protocol deals with movement of natural persons.prudence, prudential — In financial services, terms used to describe an objective of market regulation by authorities to protect investors and depositors, to avoid instability or crises.schedule — ―Schedule of Specific Commitments‖ — A WTO member’s list of commitments regarding market access and bindings regarding national treatment.specific commitments — See ―schedule‖.Regionalism/trade and development ACP — African, Caribbean and Pacific countries.Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the Cotonou Agreement.Andean Community — Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations.The seven ASEAN members of the WTO — Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand — often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues.The other ASEAN members are Laos and Vietnam.Caricom — The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries.CTD — The WTO Committee on Trade and Development Customs union — Members apply a common external tariff(e.g.the EC).EC — European Communities(official name of the European Union in the WTO).EFTA — European Free Trade Association.free trade area — Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members(e.g.NAFTA).G15 — Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement.G77 — Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD(originally 77, but now more than 130 countries).G7 — Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States.GRULAC — Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO.GSP — Generalized System of Preferences — programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries.HLM — WTO High-Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva.ITC — The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GATT and is now

operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD.Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.LDCs — Least-developed countries.MERCOSUR — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.NAFTA — North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US.Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.S&D — ―Special and differential treatment‖ provisions for developing countries.Contained in several WTO agreements.UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement.UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development.Trade and environment Agenda 21 — The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit(UN Conference on the Environment and Development)held in Rio de Janeiro.Article XX — GATT Article listing allowed ―exceptions‖ to the trade rules.Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.BTA — Border tax adjustment CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.An MEA.CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.EST — Environmentally-sound technology.EST&P — EST and products.ex ante, ex post — Before and after a measure is applied.LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly.MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement.Montreal Protocol — An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer.PPM — Process and production method.TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.waiver — Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments.Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.口譯筆譯分類詞匯（08）--經(jīng)濟(jì)金融詞匯

不景氣 slump（衰退 recession）二板市場(chǎng) the second board market

中國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs(initial public offering)市場(chǎng)資本總額 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 內(nèi)部股（非上市招股）private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn) legal risk 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 risk management 堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)格的貸款標(biāo)準(zhǔn) maintain strong underwriting standards 六大風(fēng)險(xiǎn) risks in 6 key areas(U.S.Federal Reserve criterion)信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn) credit risk 供給學(xué)派 supply-side economist 第一產(chǎn)業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)）agriculture(primary industry)第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（工業(yè)）manufacturing industry(secondary industry)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)（服務(wù)業(yè)）service industry(tertiary industry)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo) major economic indicators 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP gross domestic product（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP gross national product（商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP per capita 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì) macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理預(yù)期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓勵(lì)增加即期消費(fèi) encourage more immediate consumption 長(zhǎng)期國(guó)債 long-term treasury bonds 支付國(guó)債利息 to service treasury bonds 財(cái)政赤字和債務(wù) deficits and the national debt 按原口徑計(jì)算 calculate on the base line 按不變價(jià)格計(jì)算 calculate at constant price 按可比價(jià)格計(jì)算 calculate at comparable price 列入財(cái)政預(yù)算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 結(jié)售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales

經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目順差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù) engage in Renminbi(RMB)business 出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保證金臺(tái)帳制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值儲(chǔ)蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押貸款 collateralised loans 住房抵押貸款 residential mortgage loan 貨幣主義者 monetarist 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì) planned economy 指令性計(jì)劃 mandatory plan 技術(shù)密集型 technology intensive

大規(guī)模生產(chǎn) mass production 經(jīng)濟(jì)林 cash tree 跟蹤審計(jì) follow-up auditing 流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn) liquidity risk 操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn) operational risk 內(nèi)部審計(jì) internal audit 拋售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies

中國(guó)人民銀行（中央銀行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中國(guó)銀行 Bank of china

中國(guó)工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行 Construction Bank of China 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商銀行 China Merchants Bank 疲軟股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares 實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)率 growth rate in real terms 年均增長(zhǎng)率 average growth rate per annum 投資回報(bào)率 rate of return on investment 外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總額 total foreign trade value 實(shí)際利用外資 incoming overseas capital(investment)in place 消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù) consumer price index(CPI)零售價(jià)格指數(shù) retail price index（RPI）

生活費(fèi)用價(jià)格總指數(shù) total price index of living cost 生活費(fèi)用 income available for living expenses

扣除物價(jià)因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民儲(chǔ)蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit

恩格爾系數(shù)（食品開支占總支出的比例）Engel coefficient 基尼系數(shù)（衡量地區(qū)差別）Gini coefficient 購(gòu)買力平價(jià)法 purchasing power parity(PPP)（衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、收入水平的一種計(jì)算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國(guó)內(nèi)購(gòu)買力）片面追求發(fā)展速度 excessive pursuit of growth

泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì) bubble economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱 overheating of economy 通貨膨脹 inflation 實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì) the real economy 經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律 laws of economics 市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié) market regulation 優(yōu)化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources 規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)優(yōu)勢(shì) advantage of economies of scale 勞動(dòng)密集型 labor intensive 市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) market risk 收緊銀根 tighten up monetary policy 適度從緊的財(cái)政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy

信用緊縮 credit crunch

加強(qiáng)國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部資金調(diào)度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理劃分貸款審批權(quán)限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保證有市場(chǎng)、有效益、守信用企業(yè)的流動(dòng)資金貸款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 啟動(dòng)民間投資 attract investment from the private sector 適銷對(duì)路的產(chǎn)品 the right products / readily marketable products 國(guó)有企業(yè) state-owned enterprises(SOEs)集體企業(yè) collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises 私營(yíng)企業(yè) private businesses 民營(yíng)企業(yè) privately-run businesses 中小企業(yè) small-and-medium-sized enterprises 三資企業(yè)（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨(dú)資）overseas-invested enterprises;foreign-invested enterprises(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises)存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits

貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游資 absorb idle fund

經(jīng)常性貸款 commercial lending 經(jīng)常性支出 operating expenses 再貸款 re-lending;subloan 支持國(guó)有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場(chǎng) further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing 完善股票發(fā)行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì) China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC)深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 綜合指數(shù) composite index 納斯達(dá)克（高技術(shù)企業(yè)板）NASDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 主板市場(chǎng) the main board 通貨緊縮 deflation 中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)分三步走的戰(zhàn)略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980;people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世紀(jì)中期建國(guó)100周年時(shí)，達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th