第一篇:微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)試題類型及復(fù)習(xí)大綱
一、試題類型
1. 單項(xiàng)選擇題1分×30 2. 名詞解釋4分×5 3. 計(jì)算題10分×2 4. 簡(jiǎn)答題8分×2 5. 論述題14分
二、復(fù)習(xí)大綱
1. 單選題:均勻地分布于第二之十一章,主要考察對(duì)基本概念,基本結(jié)論的理解。2. 名詞解釋:(1)需求,(2)供給,(3)彈性,(4)供求定理,(5)邊際替代率遞減規(guī)律,(6)無(wú)差異曲線,(7)邊際效用遞減規(guī)律,(8)邊際技術(shù)替代率,(9)邊際產(chǎn)量遞減規(guī)律,(10)隱成本,(11)機(jī)會(huì)成本,(13)生產(chǎn)者剩余,(14)消費(fèi)者剩余,(15)邊際產(chǎn)品價(jià)值,(16)生產(chǎn)可能性曲線,(17)經(jīng)濟(jì)租金,(18)帕累托最優(yōu),(19)帕累托改進(jìn),(20)邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率。3. 計(jì)算題:(1)P53-1,(2)P55-10,(3)P96-2,(4)P97-11,(5)P149-10,(6)P173-9,(7)P206-10,(8)P244-15。4. 簡(jiǎn)答:
(1)影響商品需求的的因素有哪些?
(2)商品需求的價(jià)格彈性的大小主要受哪些因素的影響?(3)什么是無(wú)差異曲線,無(wú)差異曲線有哪些特點(diǎn) ?
(4)如果邊際產(chǎn)量先遞增后遞減,試說(shuō)明邊際產(chǎn)量與平均產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系。(5)如果MC曲線是U形的,試說(shuō)明MC與AC關(guān)系。(6)簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明廠商利潤(rùn)最大化的條件。(7)完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)有什么特點(diǎn)?(8)壟斷市場(chǎng)形成的條件有哪些? 5.論述題:
(1)利用圖形分析正常商品的價(jià)格變動(dòng)的替代效應(yīng)與收入效應(yīng)是怎樣影響消費(fèi)者需求的。(2)在某些寡頭壟斷的行業(yè),產(chǎn)品價(jià)格長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定不變,即使成本發(fā)生相當(dāng)大的變化。寡頭廠商的行為符合利潤(rùn)最大化的目標(biāo)嗎?試用斯威齊模型對(duì)此進(jìn)行分析。
(3)試用經(jīng)濟(jì)理論分析為什么需要反壟斷?除了利用法律,政府對(duì)壟斷企業(yè)管制的手段還有哪些?
(4)試述完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)一般均衡時(shí)是有效率的。
第二篇:微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)試題類型及復(fù)習(xí)大綱
一、試題類型
1. 單項(xiàng)選擇題2分×15 2. 名詞解釋4分×4 3. 簡(jiǎn)答題6分×3 4. 計(jì)算題10分×2 5. 論述題16分
二、復(fù)習(xí)大綱
1. 單選題:均勻地分布于第二之十一章,主要考察對(duì)基本概念,基本結(jié)論的理解。2. 名詞解釋:(1)需求,(2)供給,(3)彈性,(4)供求定理,(5)邊際替代率遞減規(guī)律,(6)無(wú)差異曲線,(7)邊際效用遞減規(guī)律,(8)邊際技術(shù)替代率,(9)邊際報(bào)酬遞減規(guī)律,(10)隱成本,(11)機(jī)會(huì)成本,(13)生產(chǎn)者剩余,(14)消費(fèi)者剩余,(15)邊際產(chǎn)品價(jià)值,(16)生產(chǎn)可能性曲線,(17)經(jīng)濟(jì)租金,(18)帕累托最優(yōu),(19)公共產(chǎn)品,(20)邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率。3. 計(jì)算題:(1)P53-1,(2)P55-10,(3)P96-2,(4)P97-11,(5)P149-10,(6)P173-9,(7)P206-10,(8)P244-15。4. 簡(jiǎn)答:
(1)影響商品需求的的因素有哪些?
(2)商品需求的價(jià)格彈性與銷售收入的關(guān)系。
(3)什么是無(wú)差異曲線,無(wú)差異曲線有哪些特點(diǎn) ?
(4)如果邊際產(chǎn)量先遞增后遞減,試說(shuō)明邊際產(chǎn)量與平均產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系。(5)個(gè)人勞動(dòng)供給曲線后彎的原因。(6)解釋三種級(jí)別的價(jià)格歧視的含義(7)完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)有什么特點(diǎn)?(8)壟斷市場(chǎng)形成的條件有哪些? 5.論述題:
(1)利用圖形分析正常商品的價(jià)格變動(dòng)的替代效應(yīng)與收入效應(yīng)是怎樣影響消費(fèi)者需求的。(2)在某些寡頭壟斷的行業(yè),產(chǎn)品價(jià)格長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定不變,即使成本發(fā)生相當(dāng)大的變化。寡頭廠商的行為符合利潤(rùn)最大化的目標(biāo)嗎?試用斯威齊模型對(duì)此進(jìn)行分析。
(3)論述壟斷形成的原因以及壟斷對(duì)社會(huì)造成的影響,國(guó)家管制壟斷行業(yè)的方法有哪些?(4)敘述一種造成市場(chǎng)失靈的原因和應(yīng)對(duì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,并舉例加以說(shuō)明。
單項(xiàng)選擇僅供練習(xí)使用
1.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究的內(nèi)容是()
A.企業(yè)如何賺錢的問(wèn)題
B.如何實(shí)現(xiàn)稀缺資源的有效率配置問(wèn)題
C.用數(shù)學(xué)方法建立理論模型
D.政府如何管制的問(wèn)題 2.下列事物不具備稀缺性的是()
A.空氣
B.礦泉水
C.食物
D.安全保衛(wèi)
3.在得出商品A的個(gè)人需求曲線時(shí),下列因素中哪一種不是常數(shù)()
A.個(gè)人的收入
B.其他商品的價(jià)格
C.個(gè)人的偏好
D.商品A的價(jià)格
4.保持所有其他因素不變,某種商品的價(jià)格下降,將導(dǎo)致()
A.需求增加
B.需求減少
C.需求量增加
D.需求量減少 5.消費(fèi)者預(yù)期某種物品未來(lái)的價(jià)格上升,則對(duì)該物品當(dāng)前的()
A.需求增加
B.需求減少
C.需求量增加
D.需求量減少 6.一種物品價(jià)格下降對(duì)其互補(bǔ)品最直接的影響是()
A.互補(bǔ)品的需求曲線向右移動(dòng)
B.互補(bǔ)品的需求曲線向左移動(dòng)
C.互補(bǔ)品的供給曲線向右移動(dòng)
D.互補(bǔ)品的價(jià)格上升 7.建筑材料價(jià)格上升將使新房子的供給曲線()
A.左移并使房?jī)r(jià)下降
B.右移并使房?jī)r(jià)上升
C.左移并使房?jī)r(jià)上升
D.右移并使房?jī)r(jià)下降 8.市場(chǎng)上某商品存在超額需求是由于()
A.產(chǎn)品價(jià)格超出市場(chǎng)均衡價(jià)格
B.產(chǎn)品價(jià)格低于市場(chǎng)均衡價(jià)格 C.產(chǎn)品是優(yōu)質(zhì)品
D.產(chǎn)品供不應(yīng)求
9.如果商品X和商品Y互為替代,則X的價(jià)格下降將造成()
A.X的需求曲線向右移動(dòng)
B.X的需求曲線向左移動(dòng) C.Y的需求曲線向左移動(dòng)
D.Y的需求曲線向右移動(dòng) 10.若X和Y兩產(chǎn)品的交叉彈性是-2.6,則X和Y是()
A.替代品
B.正常品
C.劣質(zhì)品
D.互補(bǔ)品
11.直線性需求曲線的斜率不變,因此其價(jià)格彈性也不變,該說(shuō)法()
A.對(duì)
B.不對(duì)
C.可能不對(duì)
D.無(wú)法判斷
12.假如生產(chǎn)某物品所需原材料價(jià)格上升,那么將導(dǎo)致該物品的()
A.需求曲線向左移動(dòng)
B.需求曲線向右移動(dòng) C.供給曲線向左移動(dòng)
D.供給曲線向右移動(dòng)
13.如果人們的收入水平提高,則食物支出在總支出中的比重將()
A.大幅度增加
B.增加
C.下降
D.不變
14.政府為扶持林業(yè),對(duì)林產(chǎn)品規(guī)定了高于其均衡價(jià)格的支持價(jià)格,政府為維持支持價(jià)格,應(yīng)采取的相應(yīng)措施是()
A.收購(gòu)過(guò)剩的林產(chǎn)品
B.實(shí)行林產(chǎn)品配給
C.增加對(duì)林產(chǎn)品的稅收
D.對(duì)林產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)者予以補(bǔ)貼 15.消費(fèi)者收入下降但對(duì)某商品的需求卻增加,說(shuō)明該商品是()
A.低檔商品
B.互補(bǔ)品
C.替代品
D.一般商品
16.如果某商品的供給曲線是通過(guò)原點(diǎn)的直線,該商品的供給的價(jià)格彈性()
A.不可確定
B.隨價(jià)格的變動(dòng)而變動(dòng)
C.等于斜率值
D.總是為1 17.消費(fèi)者收入不變,但其中一種商品的價(jià)格變化,則預(yù)算線()
A.不動(dòng) B.向右上方平移 C.向左下方平移 D.繞著某點(diǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn) 18.當(dāng)消費(fèi)者對(duì)商品X的消費(fèi)達(dá)到飽和點(diǎn)時(shí),那么邊際效用為()
A.負(fù)值
B.正值
C.零
D.視具體情況而定
19.對(duì)于兩種商品X,Y,消費(fèi)者較偏好X商品,原因是()
A.商品X的價(jià)格最低
B.商品X緊俏
C.商品X有多種用途
D.對(duì)其而言,商品X的效用最大
20.某女士收入低時(shí)購(gòu)買大寶SOD蜜作為護(hù)膚品,收入提高時(shí)則購(gòu)買歐萊雅,大寶SOD蜜對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是()
A.吉芬商品
B.低檔商品
C.正常商品
D.生活必需品 21.當(dāng)總效用增加時(shí),邊際效用應(yīng)該()
A.為正值,且不斷增加 B.為正值,但不斷減少 C.為負(fù)值,且不斷減少 D.為負(fù)值,且不斷增加 22.如果正常商品的價(jià)格上漲,哪么()
A.替代效應(yīng)使需求增加,收入效應(yīng)使需求減少 B.替代效應(yīng)使需求減少,收入效應(yīng)使需求減少 C.替代效應(yīng)使需求減少,收入效應(yīng)使需求增加 D.替代效應(yīng)使需求增加,收入效應(yīng)使需求增加
23.如果需求曲線是一條直線,那么,這一商品需求的價(jià)格彈性()
A.等于1
B.是一常數(shù)
C.隨需求量增大而增大
D.隨需求量增大而減小 24.在均衡條件下,消費(fèi)者所購(gòu)買的商品的總效用一定()他支付的貨幣的總效用
A.大于
B.小于
C.等于
D.無(wú)法確定
25.某工人在工資率為每小時(shí)2美元的時(shí)候每周掙80美元,如果每小時(shí)3美元的時(shí)候每周掙105美元,由此可以斷定,()
A.收入效應(yīng)起主要作用
B.替代效應(yīng)起主要作用
C.收入效應(yīng)和替代效應(yīng)都沒(méi)起作用
D.收入效應(yīng)和替代效應(yīng)作用一樣大 26.生產(chǎn)函數(shù)表示()
A.投入與產(chǎn)出的關(guān)系 B.一定量的投入,至少能生產(chǎn)都少產(chǎn)品
C.一定數(shù)量的產(chǎn)品,最多要投入多少生產(chǎn)要素
D.投入與最大產(chǎn)出的關(guān)系 27.如果連續(xù)地增加某種生產(chǎn)要素,在總產(chǎn)量達(dá)到最大時(shí)邊際產(chǎn)量曲線()
A.與縱軸相交
B.經(jīng)過(guò)原點(diǎn) C.與平均產(chǎn)量曲線相交
D.與橫軸相交
28.由于總產(chǎn)量等于所有邊際產(chǎn)量之和,所以()
A.在邊際產(chǎn)量曲線上升時(shí),總產(chǎn)量曲線以越來(lái)越慢的速度上升 B.在邊際產(chǎn)量曲線上升時(shí),總產(chǎn)量曲線以越來(lái)越快的速度上升 C.在邊際產(chǎn)量曲線下降時(shí),總產(chǎn)量曲線以越來(lái)越快的速度上升 D.在邊際產(chǎn)量曲線下降時(shí),總產(chǎn)量曲線以越來(lái)越慢的速度上升
29.如果連續(xù)地增加某種生產(chǎn)要素,在總產(chǎn)量達(dá)到最大值的時(shí)候,邊際產(chǎn)量曲線與()相交
A.平均產(chǎn)量曲線
B.縱軸
C.橫軸
D.總產(chǎn)量曲線 30.在生產(chǎn)者均衡點(diǎn)上()
A.MRTSLK=PL/PK
B.MPL/PL=MPK/PK
C.等產(chǎn)量曲線與等成本曲線相切
D.以上說(shuō)法均正確 31.有關(guān)等成本線的變動(dòng)正確的描述是()
A.在兩種要素的價(jià)格不變的條件下,成本增加使等成本線向右上方平移
B.在兩種要素的價(jià)格不變的條件下,成本減少使等成本線向左方平移
C.在成本和另一種要素的價(jià)格不變的條件下,一種要素的價(jià)格變動(dòng)將導(dǎo)致等成本線旋
轉(zhuǎn)
D.以上均正確
32.下列哪一項(xiàng)屬于可變成本()
A.機(jī)器設(shè)備的折舊
B.廠房的租金
C.可以無(wú)償解雇的工人的工資
D.高管的薪金
33.對(duì)應(yīng)于邊際報(bào)酬的遞增階段,短期總成本(STC)曲線()
A.以遞增的速率上升
B.以遞增的速率下降 C.以遞減的速率上升
D.以遞減的速率下降 34.某企業(yè)主從企業(yè)的總收入中每年提取2萬(wàn)元作為其“工資”,此企業(yè)主的隱性成本()
A.每年是2萬(wàn)元
B.每年多于2萬(wàn)元
C.每年少于2萬(wàn)元
D.以上皆有可能 35.如果總產(chǎn)量從10單位增加到12單位,總成本從60增加到90,那么邊際成本等于()
A.30
B.60
C.90
D.15
36.MC曲線是由()決定的
A.TFC 的斜率
B.TVC的斜率
C.TC曲線的斜率
D.既是TVC曲線的斜率也是TC曲線的斜率 37.當(dāng)某廠商以最小成本生產(chǎn)最大產(chǎn)量時(shí),那他()
A.總收益為零
B.一定獲得最大利潤(rùn)
C.一定未獲得最大利潤(rùn)
D.無(wú)法確定是否獲得了最大利潤(rùn) 38.生產(chǎn)者短期平均成本曲線呈U形的原因與()
A.規(guī)模報(bào)酬有關(guān)
B.外部經(jīng)濟(jì)與不經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)
C.要素的邊生產(chǎn)力有關(guān)
D.固定成本與可變成本所占的比重有關(guān) 39.當(dāng)LAC曲線下降時(shí),LAC曲線切與SAC曲線的最低點(diǎn)()
A.總是對(duì)的B.絕對(duì)不對(duì)
C.有時(shí)對(duì)
D.不能判斷 40.SMC曲線與AVC曲線相交以上部分為()
A.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性廠商的需求曲線
B.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性廠商的短期供給曲線
C.表明在不同的價(jià)格水平下競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性廠商將提供的產(chǎn)品數(shù)量
D.B與C都對(duì) 41.如果邊際成本大于平均成本,那么隨著產(chǎn)量的增加平均成本()
A.上升
B.下降
C.必定既上升又下降
D.必定保持不變 42.企業(yè)的不變成本是指()
A.購(gòu)買投入要素所發(fā)生的成本 B.任意給定產(chǎn)量的最小成本
C.在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的未來(lái)時(shí)期以確定下來(lái)的單位成本 D.即使產(chǎn)量為零也必定發(fā)生的成本
43.當(dāng)產(chǎn)出增加時(shí)LAC曲線下降,這是由于()
A.規(guī)模的不經(jīng)濟(jì)性 B.規(guī)模的經(jīng)濟(jì)性 C.收益遞減律的作用 D.上述都正確 44.完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)上實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期均衡時(shí)()
A.每個(gè)廠商的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)為零 B.每個(gè)廠商都得到了正常利潤(rùn) C.行業(yè)中沒(méi)有任何廠商再進(jìn)入或退出 D.以上都對(duì) 45.在完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)中,廠商短期均衡意味著()
A.P=最小AC
B.P=MC
C.不存在經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)
D.不存在經(jīng)濟(jì)虧損 46.在MR=MC的均衡產(chǎn)量上,企業(yè)()
A.不可能虧損
B.必然會(huì)得到最小虧損
C.必然會(huì)有得到最大利潤(rùn)
D.若獲利潤(rùn),則利潤(rùn)最大,若虧損,則虧損最小 47.成本遞增行業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期供給曲線是()
A.水平直線
B.自左向右上傾斜 C.垂直于橫軸
D.自左向右下傾斜 48.如果完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行業(yè)某廠商在目前產(chǎn)量水平上的邊際成本、平均成本和平均收益均等于一美元,則該廠商()
A.得到正常利潤(rùn)
B.未得到最大利潤(rùn). C.不能確定是否得到了最大利潤(rùn)
D.已得到超額利潤(rùn)
49.追求利潤(rùn)最大化的不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)將會(huì)增加雇傭勞動(dòng)數(shù)量,直到工資等于()
A.勞動(dòng)的邊際成本
B.勞動(dòng)的邊際收益產(chǎn)品
C.勞動(dòng)的邊際產(chǎn)品價(jià)值
D.邊際收益 50.在完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商的長(zhǎng)期均衡產(chǎn)量上必然會(huì)有()
A.P=LMC≠SMC B.P=LMC=SMC≠LAC
C.P=LMC=SMC=LAC≠SAC
D.P=LMC=SMC=LAC=SAC 51.壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商短期均衡時(shí),廠商()
A.獲得超額利潤(rùn)
B.會(huì)有虧損
C.得到正常利潤(rùn)
D.以上三種情況都有可能 52.最接近生產(chǎn)者剩余的財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)是()
A.利潤(rùn)
B.利潤(rùn)+稅收
C.利潤(rùn)+工資
D.利潤(rùn)+稅收+折舊 53.如果在需求曲線上有一點(diǎn),ed=2,P=20,則邊際收益為= A.20 B.10
C.40 D.-10 54.當(dāng)壟斷廠商的需求富有彈性時(shí),則邊際收益為()
A.正
B.負(fù)
C.1 D.-1 55.完全壟斷廠商實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)最大化的條件是()
A.P>MR=AC
B.P=MR>MC
C.P>MR=MC D.P>MC=AC 56.在短期,壟斷廠商()
A.無(wú)盈虧
B.有壟斷利潤(rùn)
C.有虧損
D.以上任何一種情況都可能出現(xiàn) 57.下列說(shuō)法正確的是()
A.壟斷廠商的供給曲線是其邊際成本曲線。
B.完全壟斷企業(yè)是價(jià)格的制定者,它能隨心所欲地決定價(jià)格。C.壟斷廠商的平均收益曲線和邊際收益曲線是一致的。
D.實(shí)行一級(jí)價(jià)格歧視比不實(shí)行價(jià)格歧視產(chǎn)出更多,利潤(rùn)更多。58.壟斷市場(chǎng)中如果A市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格高于B市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格,則()
A.A市場(chǎng)的需求彈性大于B市場(chǎng)的需求彈性 B.A市場(chǎng)的需求彈性小于B市場(chǎng)的需求彈性 C.兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)的需求彈性相等 D.以上都正確
59.假定壟斷廠商面臨的市場(chǎng)價(jià)格超過(guò)平均成本,同時(shí),邊際收益大于邊際成本,此時(shí),壟斷廠商增加1單位的產(chǎn)量使()
A.該廠商的總利潤(rùn)減少的數(shù)額為Q(P-AC)B.該廠商的總收益減少的數(shù)額為Q(P-AC)C.該廠商的總利潤(rùn)增加的數(shù)額為MR-MC D.該廠商的總利潤(rùn)不變,邊際收益和邊際成本的差額會(huì)縮小 60.壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的廠商實(shí)現(xiàn)短期均衡時(shí)會(huì)有()
A.超額利潤(rùn)
B.正常利潤(rùn)
C.虧損
D.以上三種情況均有可能 61.廠商對(duì)生產(chǎn)要素的需求是()
A.派生需求
B.間接需求
C.聯(lián)合需求
D.以上都對(duì) 62.壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商長(zhǎng)期均衡點(diǎn)上,長(zhǎng)期平均成本曲線處于()
A.上升階段。B.下降階段
C.水平階段。D.以上三種情況都可能 63.邊際收益產(chǎn)品(MRP)是衡量()
A.多生產(chǎn)一單位產(chǎn)量所導(dǎo)致的TR的增加量 B.多生產(chǎn)一單位產(chǎn)量所導(dǎo)致的TC的增加量 C.增加一單位某投入要素引起的TC的增加量 D.增加一單位某投入要素引起的TR的增量
64.勞動(dòng)者提供勞動(dòng)供給的一般原則是使收入對(duì)閑暇的MRS等于()
A.利息率
B.勞動(dòng)率
C.工資
D.工資率 65.就單個(gè)勞動(dòng)者而言,一般情況下,在工資率較低時(shí),勞動(dòng)供給量隨工資率的上升而()
A.上升
B.下降
C.不變
D.不能確定 66.準(zhǔn)租金與廠商的總利潤(rùn)相比()
A.兩者相等 B.準(zhǔn)租金總是大于總利潤(rùn) C.準(zhǔn)租金總是小于總利潤(rùn) D.兩者沒(méi)有關(guān)系 67.土地的供給曲線是()
A.向右上方傾斜
B.向右下方傾斜
C.垂直的D.水平的 68.對(duì)于只有一種用途的土地而言,其地租率的決定因素是()
A.土地所有者所要的價(jià)格 B.土地的供給水平
C.土地的需求水平
D.以上均不是 70.某歌星的年薪是10萬(wàn)元,若從事其他職業(yè),最多只能得到3萬(wàn)元,那么,他獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)租金為()
A.3萬(wàn)元
B.7萬(wàn)元
C.10萬(wàn)元
D.13萬(wàn)元
71.一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)要實(shí)現(xiàn)資源配置的帕累托最優(yōu)狀態(tài)要滿足的條件是()
A.生產(chǎn)任意兩種產(chǎn)品的任意兩種要素的邊際技術(shù)替代率都相等
B.任意兩個(gè)消費(fèi)者的任意兩種商品交換的邊際替代率都相等
C.任意兩種商品的生產(chǎn)邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率與交換的邊際替代率都相等
D.以上三項(xiàng)同時(shí)得到滿足
72.下列哪一項(xiàng)不能由帕累托效率引出()
A.交換的效率
B.生產(chǎn)的效率
C.產(chǎn)品組合的效率
D.所有人平等的分配收入的效率 73.規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究的基本問(wèn)題是()。A.是什么 B.為什么 C.會(huì)如何 D.應(yīng)該怎樣 74.政府提供的物品()
A.一定是公共物品
B.不都是公共物品
C.大部分是公共物品
D.少部分是公共物品
75.為提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效率,政府應(yīng)該對(duì)自然壟斷部門()
A.大力支持
B.放任不管
C.加以管制
D.堅(jiān)決反對(duì) 76.某一經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)存在外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)是指該經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的()
A.私人成本大于社會(huì)成本
B.私人成本小于社會(huì)成本
C.私人利益小于社會(huì)利益
D.私人利益大于社會(huì)利益
77.如 果 人 們因他人的行為無(wú)償?shù)膿碛械念~外的收益或承擔(dān)了額外的成本,這種情況稱為()
A.道德陷阱
B.公共物品
C.交易成本
D.外部性 78.下列屬于公共物品的是哪一種()
A.保險(xiǎn)
B.國(guó)防
C.公共交通
D.教育
79.按照科斯定理,如果上游的工廠污染了下游居民的飲水,市場(chǎng)可以自動(dòng)的有效解決問(wèn)題的條件是()
A.只要產(chǎn)權(quán)明確,不管交易成本有多大
B.只要產(chǎn)權(quán)明確且交易成本為零
C.不管產(chǎn)權(quán)是否明確,只要交易成本為零 D.不論產(chǎn)權(quán)是否明確和交易成本是否為零
80.在對(duì)自然壟斷價(jià)格管制政策中,通常使壟斷企業(yè)的價(jià)格等于()
A.平均成本
B.邊際成本
C.平均收益
D.邊際收益
第三篇:微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)試題
一、名詞解釋:(每題3分,共15分)
1.需求(價(jià)格)彈性
在其他條件不變的情況下,某種商品或勞務(wù)價(jià)格變動(dòng)因其本身需求量的變動(dòng)程度。2.消費(fèi)者剩余
消費(fèi)者愿意為某種商品或勞務(wù)支付的價(jià)格與其實(shí)際支付的價(jià)格的差額。3.邊際產(chǎn)量
邊際產(chǎn)量是指,其他生產(chǎn)要素投入不變的情況下,增加一個(gè)單位一種生產(chǎn)要素投入所帶來(lái)的總產(chǎn)量的增加量。又稱為邊際產(chǎn)品或邊際產(chǎn)出。4.外在經(jīng)濟(jì)
企業(yè)外在經(jīng)濟(jì)是由于廠商的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)所依賴的外界環(huán)境得到改善兒產(chǎn)生的 5.價(jià)格歧視
價(jià)格歧視,指廠商在相同時(shí)間內(nèi)以相同產(chǎn)品向不同的購(gòu)買者所取不同的價(jià)
格,或在充分考慮生產(chǎn)、銷售以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的變動(dòng)后,相同產(chǎn)品的銷售價(jià)格與其邊際成本不 相稱。
二、單項(xiàng)選擇題:(每題1分,共15題,共15分)
1.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究的基本問(wèn)題是(D)。
A.如何在股市上賺錢 B.證明市場(chǎng)可以配置資源 C.選擇最公平的收入分配方式 D.稀缺資源的配置與利用問(wèn)題
2.一國(guó)生產(chǎn)可能線以內(nèi)的一點(diǎn)表示(B)。
A.通貨膨脹 B.失業(yè)或者資源沒(méi)有被充分利用C.該國(guó)技術(shù)水平提高 D.產(chǎn)品供求平衡
3.正常物品價(jià)格上升導(dǎo)致需求量減少的原因在于(C)。
A.替代效應(yīng)使需求量增加,收入效應(yīng)使需求量減少 B.替代效應(yīng)使需求量增加,收入效應(yīng)使需求量增加 C.替代效應(yīng)使需求量減少,收入效應(yīng)使需求量減少 D.替代效應(yīng)使需求量減少,收入效應(yīng)使需求量增加
4.已知一條線性需求曲線,a點(diǎn)為AB線段的中點(diǎn),如圖,則(B)。A.b點(diǎn)的需求價(jià)格彈性等于c點(diǎn)的需求價(jià)格彈性 B.b點(diǎn)的需求價(jià)格彈性大于1 C.b點(diǎn)的需求價(jià)格彈性小于1 D.b點(diǎn)的需求價(jià)格彈性等于1 5.若無(wú)差曲線上任何一點(diǎn)的斜率 dY/dX =-1/ 2,這意味著消費(fèi)者有更多的X時(shí),他愿意放棄(B)單位X而獲得一單位Y。A.1/2 B.2 C.1 D.1.5 6.下列哪種情況不屬消費(fèi)者均衡的條件(D)。
A.MUx/Px=MUy/ Py = MUz/ Pz=……=λ B.貨幣在每種用途上的邊際效用相等 C.MUn=λPn D.各種商品的邊際效用相等
7.在總產(chǎn)量、平均產(chǎn)量和邊際產(chǎn)量的變化過(guò)程中,下列何者首先發(fā)生(A)。A.邊際產(chǎn)量下降 B.平均產(chǎn)量下降 C.總產(chǎn)量下降 D.B和C。
8.企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)中采用了最低成本的生產(chǎn)技術(shù),勞動(dòng)對(duì)資本的邊際替代率為0.4,資本的邊際產(chǎn)量為5,則勞動(dòng)的邊際產(chǎn)量為(A)。A.2,B.1,C.3,D.5。
9.從原點(diǎn)出發(fā)與TC曲線相切的直線的斜率是(D)。
A.AC的最低點(diǎn),B.等于MC,C.是AVC與AFC之和,D.以上都成立。
10.假如某廠商的平均收益曲線從水平線變?yōu)橄蛴蚁路絻A斜的曲線,這說(shuō)明(B)。A.既有廠商進(jìn)入也有廠商退出該行業(yè); B.完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)被不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)所取代; C.新的廠商進(jìn)入了該行業(yè); D.原有廠商退出了該行業(yè)
11.在完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)中行業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期供給曲線取決于(C)。
A.SAC曲線最低點(diǎn)的軌跡; B.SMC曲線最低點(diǎn)的軌跡; C.LAC曲線最低點(diǎn)的軌跡; D.LMC曲線最低點(diǎn)的軌跡
12.如果在需求曲線上有一點(diǎn),Ed=2,P=20元,則MR為(B)。A.30元,B.10元,C.60元,D.-10元。13.拐折的需求曲線模型的假定有:(D)A.行業(yè)內(nèi)寡頭廠商們之間是有勾結(jié)的;
B.行業(yè)內(nèi)某個(gè)寡頭廠商提價(jià)時(shí),其他寡頭廠商不會(huì)仿效; C.行業(yè)內(nèi)某個(gè)寡頭廠商降價(jià)時(shí),其他寡頭廠商都會(huì)仿效; D.B與C。14.非完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)的廠商對(duì)某一生產(chǎn)要素A的需求曲線,可以由該生產(chǎn)要素A的(B)曲線表示。
A.VMP,B.MRP,C.MFC,D.以上都不是。15.產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線是從下列哪條曲線導(dǎo)出的?(D)A.消費(fèi)契約曲線; B.效用可能性曲線; C.社會(huì)福利曲線; D.生產(chǎn)契約曲線。
三、判斷題:(每題1分,共10分。正確的填T,錯(cuò)誤的填F。)
1.一國(guó)生產(chǎn)可能性曲線以內(nèi)一點(diǎn)表示該國(guó)可能利用的資源減少以及技術(shù)水平降低。F 2.對(duì)于生產(chǎn)函數(shù)Q=f(L,K),當(dāng)平均產(chǎn)量(APL)達(dá)到最大值時(shí),總產(chǎn)量(TPL)仍處于上升階段,還未達(dá)到最大值。T 3.完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商的短期供給曲線應(yīng)該是SMC曲線上超過(guò)停止?fàn)I業(yè)點(diǎn)的部分。F 4.企業(yè)運(yùn)用生產(chǎn)要素A和B生產(chǎn)商品X,如果:MPa=10,MPb=7,Pa=4,Pb=3,企業(yè)就應(yīng)該增加B的使用量。F 5.在拐折需求曲線的模型中,拐點(diǎn)左右兩邊的需求彈性是左邊的彈性大,右邊的彈性小。T 6.在完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)條件下,某廠商生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品的要素投入價(jià)格為20元,其邊際產(chǎn)量為5,則根據(jù)利潤(rùn)最大化原則,出售該產(chǎn)品的邊際收益應(yīng)為20元。T 7.假如以生產(chǎn)要素X代替Y的邊際技術(shù)替代率等于3,這意味著這時(shí)增加1個(gè)單位X所增加的產(chǎn)量,等于減少3個(gè)單位Y所減少的產(chǎn)量。T 8.在P>AVC時(shí),完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)的供給曲線和MR曲線相同。F 9.以利潤(rùn)最大化為目的的單一價(jià)格壟斷者所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)量只能在其需求曲線富有彈性的區(qū)間之內(nèi)。T 10.如果既考慮勞動(dòng)的替代效應(yīng),又考慮勞動(dòng)的收入效應(yīng),那么勞動(dòng)的供給曲線先向右上方傾斜,再向左上方傾斜。T
一、單項(xiàng)選擇題
1、以下不是直接影響需求的因素或條件是(D)
A、價(jià)格 B、偏好 C、收入 D、成本
2、當(dāng)出租車租金上漲后,對(duì)公共汽車服務(wù)的(B)(替代品)
A、需求下降 B、需求增加 C、需求量下降 D、需求量增加
3、若需求曲線富有彈性,其確切的含義是價(jià)格上升會(huì)引起(A)
A、購(gòu)買者購(gòu)買量的下降 B、購(gòu)買者購(gòu)買量的增加
C、購(gòu)買者總支出的增加 D|、購(gòu)買者總支出的減少
4、已知商品X的價(jià)格10元,商品Y的價(jià)格是3元,假定消費(fèi)者有收入100元,他打算購(gòu)買7單位的X,10單位的Y,這時(shí)商品X和Y的邊際效用是50和18,如果要獲得最大效用,他應(yīng)該(B)(50/10=5 18/3=6 5<6 故減少X,增加Y)
A、停止購(gòu)買 B、增加Y,減少X C、同進(jìn)增加購(gòu)買X ,Y D、減少Y,增加X(jué)
5、如果商品A和商品B是互補(bǔ)的,則A的價(jià)格下降將造成(A)(B需求的變動(dòng))
A、商品B的需求曲線向右移動(dòng) B、商品B的需求曲線向左移動(dòng) C、商品A需求曲線向右移動(dòng) D、商品A需求曲線向左移動(dòng)
6、加入一個(gè)完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商接到訂單價(jià)格小于平均成本但但大于平均可變成本,它應(yīng)該是(C)
A、停止生產(chǎn) B、生產(chǎn)且有利潤(rùn) C、虧損但繼續(xù)生產(chǎn) D、生產(chǎn)且利潤(rùn)為零
7、如果價(jià)格下降10%能使買者總支出增加10%,則這種商品的需求量對(duì)價(jià)格(A)
A、富有彈性 B、具有單位彈性 C、缺乏彈性 D、其彈性不能確定
8、已知XY兩種商品的交叉彈性—-0.4,則這兩種商品是(C)
A、獨(dú)立品 B、替代品 C、補(bǔ)充品 D、不能確定 交叉彈性大于0,即是替代品,交叉彈性等于0,即是無(wú)相關(guān),交叉彈性小于0,即是互補(bǔ)品
9、在完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)中,廠商短期均衡條件是(C)(MR=SMC)
A、P=AR B、P=MR C、P=MC D、P=AC
10、市場(chǎng)均衡意味著(D)
A、在某價(jià)格水平上供給數(shù)量等于需求數(shù)量 B、在均衡價(jià)格水平上,每一個(gè)買者都可以買到想買的數(shù)量,每一個(gè)賣者都可以賣出想賣的數(shù)量 C、價(jià)格沒(méi)有變動(dòng)的趨勢(shì) D、上述答案均正確
11、市場(chǎng)失靈是指(A)
A、市場(chǎng)不能有效配置稀缺資源 B、市場(chǎng)完全不好
C、收入分配不均 D、資源在私人部門和公共部門配置不均
12、如果上游工廠污染了下游居民的飲水,按科斯定理(B),問(wèn)題就可以妥善解決
A、不管產(chǎn)權(quán)是否明確,只要交易成本為零 B、只要產(chǎn)權(quán)明確,且交易成本為零
C、只要產(chǎn)權(quán)明確,不管交易成本多大 D、不論產(chǎn)權(quán)是否明確,交易成本是否為零
13、市場(chǎng)不能提供純粹公共產(chǎn)品是由于:(D)
A、公共產(chǎn)品不具有競(jìng)用性 B、公共產(chǎn)品不具有排他性
C、消費(fèi)者都想免費(fèi)搭車 D、以上三種情況都是
14、吉芬商品表現(xiàn)為(B)
A、需求收入彈性和需求價(jià)格彈性都是正值 B、需求收入彈性為負(fù),需求價(jià)格彈性為正
C、需求收入彈性為正,需求價(jià)格彈性為負(fù) D、需求收入彈性和需求價(jià)格彈性都是負(fù)值
15、若一種商品的消費(fèi)量隨著消費(fèi)者收入的增加而減少,一般來(lái)說(shuō),改商品是(D)
A、正常品 B、奢侈品 C、必需品 D、劣質(zhì)品
三、簡(jiǎn)答題
1、影響需求價(jià)格彈性大小的因素有哪些?
答:相近替代品的可獲得性;必需品與奢侈品;市場(chǎng)的定義;時(shí)間框架
2、外部性的私人解決方法的類型及其并不總是有效的原因?
答:類型:用道德規(guī)范和社會(huì)約束來(lái)解決;慈善行為;利益各方簽訂合約;依靠有關(guān)各方的利己來(lái)解決
不總是有效的原因:交易成本;固執(zhí);協(xié)調(diào)問(wèn)題
四、名詞解釋
機(jī)會(huì)成本,是把該資源投入某一特定用途以后,所放棄的在其他各種可能的用途中所能獲得的最大收益。
消費(fèi)者剩余:是指消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買商品時(shí)愿意支付的最高價(jià)格和實(shí)際支付價(jià)格之差,是消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買商品時(shí)所得好處的總和。
邊際替代率:在維持效用水平不變的前提下,消費(fèi)者增加一單位某種商品的消費(fèi)數(shù)量所需要放棄的另一種商品的消費(fèi)數(shù)量,被稱為商品的邊際替代率。
六、計(jì)算題
1、從甲地到乙地汽車原價(jià)為10元,火車的乘客為12萬(wàn),當(dāng)汽車的票價(jià)由原來(lái)的10元減至8.5元時(shí),火車乘客的人數(shù)減至10.56萬(wàn),則火車乘客與汽車票價(jià)的價(jià)格交叉彈性為多少?
答:[(10.56-12)/12]/[(8.5-10)/10]=0.8 計(jì)算題:(每題8分,共16分。)
1.設(shè)無(wú)差異曲線為U=x0.4y0.6=9,Px=2,Py=3,求:(1)X、Y的均衡消費(fèi)量;(2)效用等于9時(shí)的最小支出。
.解:(1)U=x0.4y0.6,那么,MUX= =0.4x-0.6y0.6(1分)MUy= =0.6x0.4y-0.4(1分)即為:(2分)解: x0.4y0.6=9(2分)
(2)最小支出=Px?X+Py?y=2×9+3×9=45(元)。(2分)
2.已知某完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行業(yè)中的單個(gè)廠商的短期成本函數(shù)為STC=0.1Q3—2Q2+15Q+10。
試求(1)當(dāng)市場(chǎng)上產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格為P=55時(shí),廠商的短期均衡產(chǎn)量和利潤(rùn);(2)當(dāng)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格下降為多少時(shí),廠商必須停產(chǎn);(3)廠商的短期供給函數(shù)。
.解:(1)P=MR=55 短期均衡時(shí)SMC=0.3Q2-4Q+15=MR=55(1分)0.3Q2-4Q-40=0 ∴Q=20(1分)或 Q=-20/3(舍去)
利潤(rùn)=PQ-STC=55×20-(0.1×8000-2×400+15×20+10)=790(1分)(2)廠商停產(chǎn)時(shí),P=AVC最低點(diǎn)。
AVC=SVC/Q=(0.1Q3—2Q2+15Q)/Q= 0.1 Q2-2Q+15(1分)AVC最低點(diǎn)時(shí),AVC′=0.2Q-2=0 ∴Q=10(1分)
此時(shí)AVC=P=0.1×100-2×10+15=5(1分)
(3)短期供給函數(shù)為P=MC=0.3Q2-4Q+15(取P>5一段)
第四篇:微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)試題
Single choice
1.The phenomenon of scarcity stems from the fact that().A)most economies’ production methods are not very good.B)in most economies, wealthy people consume disproportionate quantities of goods and services.C)governments restrict production of too many goods and services.D)resources are limited.2.In a market economy, supply and demand are important because they().A)play a critical role in the allocation of the economy’s scarce resources.B)determine how much of each good gets produced.C)can be used to predict the impact on the economy of various events and policies.D)All of the above are correct.3.What will happen to the equilibrium price of new textbooks if more students attend college, paper becomes cheaper, textbook authors accept lower royalties, and fewer used textbooks are sold?()A)Price will rise.B)Price will fall.C)Price will stay exactly the same.D)The price change will be ambiguous.4.The presence of a price control in a market for a good or service usually is an indication that().A)an insufficient quantity of the good or service was being produced in that market to meet the public’s need.B)the usual forces of supply and demand were not able to establish an equilibrium price in that market.C)policymakers believed that the price that prevailed in that market in the absence of price controls was unfair to buyers or sellers.D)policymakers correctly believed that price controls would generate no inequities of their own once imposed.5.Policymakers use taxes().A)to raise revenue for public purposes but not to influence market outcomes.B)both to raise revenue for public purposes and to influence market outcomes.C)when they realize that price controls alone are insufficient to correct market inequities.D)only in those markets in which the burden of the tax falls clearly on the sellers.6.The particular price that results in quantity supplied being equal to quantity demanded is the best price because it().A)maximizes costs of the seller.B)maximizes tax revenue for the government.C)maximizes the combined welfare of buyers and sellers.D)minimizes the expenditure of buyers.7.Economists say that a market where goods are not consumed by those valuing the goods most highly is().A)laissez-faire..B)unequal.C)inefficient.D)rational.8.To fully understand how taxes affect economic well-being, we must compare the().A)consumer surplus to the producer surplus.B)price paid by buyers to the price received by sellers.C)reduced welfare of buyers and sellers to the revenue raised by the government.D)consumer surplus to the deadweight loss.9.Labor taxes may distort labor markets greatly if().A)labor supply is highly inelastic.B)many workers choose to work 40 hours per week regardless of their earnings.C)the number of hours many part-time workers want to work is very sensitive to the wage rate.D)“underground” workers do not respond to changes in the wages of legal jobs because they prefer not to pay taxes.10.The difference between accounting profit and economic profit is().A)explicit costs.B)implicit costs.C)total revenue.D)marginal product.11.Resources are().A)scarce for households but plentiful for economies.B)plentiful for households but scarce for economies.C)scarce for households and scarce for economies.D)plentiful for households and plentiful for economies.12.The principle that “trade can make everyone better off” applies to interactions and trade between().A)families.B)states within the United States.C)nations.D)All of the above are correct.13.One advantage market economies have over centrally-planned economies is that market economies().A)provide an equal distribution of goods and services to households.B)establish a significant role for government in the allocation of resources.C)solve the problem of scarcity.D)are more efficient.14.The production possibilities frontier is a graph that shows the various combinations of output that an economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and().A)society’s preferences.B)the available production technology.C)a fair distribution of the output.D)the available demand for the output.15.When economists are trying to explain the world, they are().A)scientists.B)policy advisers.C)in the realm of microeconomics rather than macroeconomics.D)in the realm of normative economics rather than positive economics.16.For a self-sufficient producer, the production possibilities frontier().A)is the same as the consumption possibilities frontier.B)is greater than the consumption possibilities frontier.C)is less than the consumption possibilities frontier.D)is always a straight line.17.Suppose Susan can wash three windows per hour or she can iron six shirts per hour.Paul can wash two windows per hour or he can iron five shirts per hour.()A)Susan has an absolute advantage over Paul in washing windows.B)Susan has a comparative advantage over Paul in washing windows.C)Paul has a comparative advantage over Susan in ironing shirts.D)All of the above are correct.18.In a competitive market, the price of a product().A)is determined by buyers, and the quantity of the product produced is determined by sellers.B)is determined by sellers, and the quantity of the product produced is determined by buyers.C)and the quantity of the product produced are both determined by sellers.D)None of the above is correct.19.What would happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of lattés if the cost of producing steamed milk, which is used to make lattés, rises?()A)Both the equilibrium price and quantity would increase.B)Both the equilibrium price and quantity would decrease.C)The equilibrium price would increase, and the equilibrium quantity would decrease.D)The equilibrium price would decrease, and the equilibrium quantity would increase.20.The price elasticity of demand measures how much().A)quantity demanded responds to a change in price.B)quantity demanded responds to a change in income.C)price responds to a change in demand.D)demand responds to a change in supply.21.If the price of natural gas rises, when is the price elasticity of demand likely to be the highest?()A)immediately after the price increase B)one month after the price increase C)three months after the price increase D)one year after the price increase 22.For which of the following types of goods would the income elasticity of demand be positive and relatively large?()A).all inferior goods B)all normal goods C)goods for which there are many complements D)luxuries 23.To fully understand how taxes affect economic well-being, we must().A)assume that economic well-being is not affected if all tax revenue is spent on goods and services for the people who are being taxed.B)compare the taxes raised in the United States with those raised in other countries, especially France.C)compare the reduced welfare of buyers and sellers to the amount of revenue the government raises.D)take into account the fact that almost all taxes reduce the welfare of buyers, increase the welfare of sellers, and raise revenue for the government.24.When a tax on a good is enacted,().A)buyers and sellers share the burden of the tax regardless of whether the tax is levied on buyers or on sellers.B)buyers always bear the full burden of the tax.C)sellers always bear the full burden of the tax.D)sellers bear the full burden of the tax if the tax is levied on them;buyers bear the full burden of the tax if the tax is levied on them.25.A decrease in the size of a tax is most likely to increase tax revenue in a market with().A)elastic demand and elastic supply.B)elastic demand and inelastic supply.C)inelastic demand and elastic supply.D)inelastic demand and inelastic supply.26.If the tax on a good is doubled, the deadweight loss of the tax().A)increases by 50 percent.B)doubles.C)triples.D)quadruples.27.Economists assume that the typical person who starts her own business does so with the intention of().A)donating the profits from her business to charity.B)capturing the highest number of sales in her industry.C)maximizing profits.D)minimizing costs.28.If Darren sells 300 glasses of iced tea at $0.50 each, his total revenues are().A)$150.B)$299.50.C)$300.D)$600.29.Total cost is the().A)amount a firm receives for the sale of its output.B)fixed cost less variable cost.C)market value of the inputs a firm uses in production.D)quantity of output minus the quantity of inputs used to make a good.30.A firm's opportunity costs of production are equal to its().A)explicit costs only.B)implicit costs only.C)explicit costs + implicit costs.D)explicit costs + implicit costs + total revenue.31.Which of the following products would be considered scarce?()A)automobiles B)footballs autographed by Messi C)tomatos D)All of the above are correct.32.Which of the following statements about the price elasticity of demand is correct?()A)The price elasticity of demand for a good measures the willingness of buyers of the good to buy less of the good as its price increases.B)Price elasticity of demand reflects the many economic, psychological, and social forces that shape consumer tastes.C)Other things equal, if good x has close substitutes and good y does not have close substitutes, then the demand for good x will be more elastic than the demand for good y.D)All of the above are correct.33.Given the market for illegal drugs, when the government is successful in reducing the flow of drugs into the United States,().A)supply decreases, demand is unaffected, and price increases.B)demand decreases, supply is unaffected, and price decreases.C)demand and supply both decrease, leaving price essentially unchanged.D)supply decreases, demand increases, and price increases substantially.34.The imposition of a binding price floor on a market causes quantity demanded to be().A)greater than quantity supplied.B)less than quantity supplied.C)equal to quantity supplied.D)Both a)and b)are possible.35.A tax imposed on the buyers of a good will().A)raise both the price buyers pay and the effective price sellers receive.B)raise the price buyers pay and lower the effective price sellers receive.C)lower the price buyers pay and raise the effective price sellers receive.D)lower both the price buyers pay and the effective price sellers receive.36.If the current allocation of resources in the market for wallpaper is efficient, then it must be the case that().A)producer surplus equals consumer surplus in the market for wallpaper.B)the market for wallpaper is in equilibrium.C)on the last unit of wallpaper that was produced and sold, the value to buyers exceeded the cost to sellers.D)All of the above are correct.37.A result of welfare economics is that the equilibrium price of a product is considered to be the best price because it().A)maximizes both the total revenue for firms and the quantity supplied of the product.B)maximizes the combined welfare of buyers and sellers.C)minimizes costs and maximizes output.D)minimizes the level of welfare payments.38.Other things equal, the deadweight loss of a tax().A)decreases as the size of the tax increases.B)increases as the size of the tax increases, but the increase in the deadweight loss is less rapid than the increase in the size of the tax.C)increases as the size of the tax increases, and the increase in the deadweight loss is more rapid than the increase in the size of the tax.D)increases as the price elasticities of demand and/or supply increase, but the deadweight loss does not change as the size of the tax increases.39.Taxes cause deadweight losses because they().A)lead to losses in surplus for consumers and for producers that, when taken together, exceed tax revenue collected by the government.B)distort incentives to both buyers and sellers.C)prevent buyers and sellers from realizing some of the gains from trade.D)All of the above are correct.40.In a competitive market, the actions of any single buyer or seller will().A)have a negligible impact on the market price.B)have little effect on market equilibrium quantity but will affect market equilibrium price.C)affect marginal revenue and average revenue but not price.D)adversely affect the profitability of more than one firm in the market.41.If the price of milk rises, when is the price elasticity of demand likely to be the lowest?()A)immediately after the price increase B)one month after the price increase C)three months after the price increase D)one year after the price increase 42.Suppose good X has a negative income elasticity of demand.This implies that good X is().A)a normal good.B)a necessity.C)an inferior good.D)a luxury.43.To fully understand how taxes affect economic well-being, we must compare the().A)benefit to buyers with the loss to sellers.B)price paid by buyers to the price received by sellers.C)profits earned by firms to the losses incurred by consumers.D)decrease in total surplus to the increase in revenue raised by the government.44.A tax placed on a good().A)causes the effective price to sellers to increase.B)affects the welfare of buyers of the good but not the welfare of sellers.C)causes the equilibrium quantity of the good to decrease.D)creates a burden that is usually borne entirely by the sellers of the good.45.An increase in the size of a tax is most likely to increase tax revenue in a market with().A)elastic demand and elastic supply.B)elastic demand and inelastic supply.C)inelastic demand and elastic supply.D)inelastic demand and inelastic supply.46.If the tax on a good is tripled, the deadweight loss of the tax().A)remains constant.B)triples.C)increases by a factor of 9.D)increases by a factor of 12.47.Economists normally assume that the goal of a firm is to().A)maximize its total revenue.B)maximize its profit.C)minimize its explicit costs.D)minimize its total cost.48.If Tanya sells 200 glasses of fruit punch at $0.50 each, her total revenues are().A)$100.B)$199.50.C)$200.D)$400.49.Profit is defined as().A)net revenue minus depreciation.B)total revenue minus total cost.C)average revenue minus average total cost.D)marginal revenue minus marginal cost.50.A difference between explicit and implicit costs is that().A)explicit costs must be greater than implicit costs.B)explicit costs do not require a direct monetary outlay by the firm, whereas implicit costs do.C)implicit costs do not require a direct monetary outlay by the firm, whereas explicit costs do.D)implicit costs must be greater than explicit costs.1.D
2.D3.D4.C5.B 6.C7.C8.C 9.C10.B 11.C12.D13.D14.B15.A16.A17.D18.D19.C20.A
21.D 22.D 23.C 24.A 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.A 31.D32.D33.A34.B35.B36.B37.B38.C39.D40.A
41.A 42.C 43.D 44.C 45.D 46.C 47.B 48.A
29.C 30.C
49.B 50.C
第五篇:04年微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)試題
---04年微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)試題
判斷題(十道,每道五分),判斷正確或者錯(cuò)誤,或者條件不足無(wú)法判斷。必須給出判斷理由(文字說(shuō)明,圖形分析,或數(shù)理推導(dǎo))。判斷錯(cuò)誤,無(wú)判斷理由或理由錯(cuò)誤均不得分。>
1。對(duì)于向右下傾斜的線性需求函數(shù),當(dāng)價(jià)格下降時(shí),需求彈性下降
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2。按照帕累托最優(yōu)的定義,當(dāng)社會(huì)所有的財(cái)富集中到一個(gè)人身上是一種帕累妥最優(yōu)。
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3.納什均衡是優(yōu)勢(shì)均衡的一種,反之則不對(duì) >
4.現(xiàn)有出版商出版作家的著作,作家按照銷售額按固定比例抽成。那么作家(追求最大化自己收入)希望的書籍市場(chǎng)定價(jià)要高于出版商出于自己利潤(rùn)最大化的市場(chǎng)定價(jià) >
其他記不清了
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計(jì)算分析題(四道,每道25分)
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1。消費(fèi)者偏好的基本假設(shè)是什么?試用無(wú)差異曲線表示其涵義。>
2。給出某人的效用函數(shù)U=lnx(x為收入)>
(1)判斷分險(xiǎn)偏好類型
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(2)此人現(xiàn)在有固定薪水工作,每月500元,他面臨一個(gè)新工作機(jī)會(huì)
> 可能以概率a(具體數(shù)值忘記了比如0。5獲得收入10000,以概率1-a獲得收入2000元,請(qǐng)問(wèn)他會(huì)選擇此新工作嗎?
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(3)承第二問(wèn),此人會(huì)為新工作購(gòu)買保險(xiǎn)嗎,最大保險(xiǎn)額是多少 >
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3。給出香煙市場(chǎng)供給函數(shù)Q=F(p)需求函數(shù)Q=F(P)(題目給出了具體數(shù)值,只是我記不清楚了)
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(1)求市場(chǎng)出清價(jià)格與銷量
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(2)現(xiàn)政府決定加征從量稅T(具體數(shù)值忘記),求新市場(chǎng)出清價(jià)格與銷量以及消費(fèi)者與生產(chǎn)者分別負(fù)擔(dān)的稅量
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(3)求征稅的社會(huì)靜福利損失,政府該怎么向民眾解釋存在如此福利損失時(shí)征稅的合理性。>
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4?,F(xiàn)有某企業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本函數(shù),TC=FC+VC,市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)品需求函數(shù)Q=F(p)(具體數(shù)值記不清楚了)
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(1)市場(chǎng)只有一家企業(yè)時(shí),問(wèn)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格與銷量,和企業(yè)利潤(rùn) >
(2)當(dāng)市場(chǎng)有兩家企業(yè)時(shí),求古諾均衡解,企業(yè)利潤(rùn)
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(3)受利益吸引,更多企業(yè)進(jìn)入此行業(yè),進(jìn)入壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)局面,求市場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)期均衡解。