第一篇：園林專業(yè)外語詞匯大全

園林專業(yè)外語詞匯大全主入口大門/崗亭main entrance gate/guard 每棟建筑入口 entrance paving to unit house(for vehicle & pedestrian)籃球場 basketball court 次入口/崗亭2nd entrance gate/guard house 網(wǎng)球場 tennis court(for vehicle & pedestrian)階梯坐臺 terracing seatwall 商業(yè)中心入口

entrance to shopping ctr.廣場 main plaza 水景

water feature

森林

forest garden 小型露天劇場 mini amphi-theatre 迎賓景觀

welcoming feature

觀景木臺

timber deck(viewing)竹園

bamboo garden

漫步廣場

walkway plaza 露天咖啡廊 out door café

巨大迎賓水景-2 grand welcoming feature-2 木橋

timber bridge

洞穴

grotto 吊橋

hanging bridge

休憩臺地(低處)lounging terrace(lower)休憩臺地(高處)lounging terrace(upper)特色踏步 feature stepping stone 野趣小溪 river wild 兒童樂園 children's playground 旱冰道

slide 羽毛球場 badminton court 旱景

dry landscape 日藝園 Japanese garden 旱噴泉 dry fountain 觀景臺 viewing deck 游泳池 swimming pool 極可意 Jacuzzi 嬉水池 wading pool 兒童泳池 children's pool 蜿蜒水墻 winding wall 石景雕塑 rock sculpture 中心廣場 central plaza 健身廣場 exercise plaza 交流廣場 meditating plaza 趣味樹陣 tree battle formation 停車場 parking area 特色花架

trellis 雕塑小道 sculpture trail(高爾夫)輕擊區(qū) putting green 高爾夫球會所 golf clubhouse 石景園 rockery garden 旱溪 dry stream 涼亭

Pavilion 戶外淋浴

outdoor shower 拉膜結(jié)構(gòu) tensile structure 臺階

stair

高爾夫球車停車場 parking(golf car)健身站

exercise station 晨跑小路 jogging footpath 車道 /人行道 driveway/sidewalk 人行漫步道 promenade 瀑布及跳舞噴泉

(入口廣場)water fall and

dancing fountain(entry plaza)特色入口

entry feature

石景廣場 rockery plaza 園林學

Landscape architecture garden

architecture 造園學 Garden making, landscape gardening 環(huán)境園藝學 Environmental horticulture 觀賞園藝學 Ornamental horticulture 園林藝術(shù) garden art 園林美學 Garden aesthetics 園林建筑學 Garden architecture 園林建筑 Garden building 園林工程 Garden engineering 園林植物 Landscape plant 觀賞植物 Ornamental plant 盆景 Miniature landscape,penjing 園林 Garden and park 園林學史 History Of garden architecture 園林規(guī)劃 Garden planning,landscaping

planning 園林設計 Garden design 園林機具設備 Gardening machine 園林管理 Garden management 園林生態(tài) Landscape ecology

綠化 greening,planting 環(huán)境綠化 Environmental greening 綠地面積 Green area 綠地率 Ratio Of green space 城市綠化覆蓋率 Urban Green coverage 工廠綠化 Factory greening,factory gardening 街道綠化 Street greening,street planting 車行道綠化 Driveway greening 分車帶綠化 Dividing Stripe greening 人行道綠化 Sidewalk greening 群眾綠化 Mass Planting movement 郊區(qū)綠化 Suburban greening 公路綠化 Highway greening 鐵路綠化 Railway greening,railway planting 堤岸種植 Bank planting 陽臺綠化 Balcony greening 窗臺綠化 window-sill greening 屋頂綠化 Roof greening 垂直綠化 Vertical greening 攀緣綠化 Climber greening 橋頭綠化 Bridgehead greening 花園

garden 專類花園 Specified flower garden 花園村 Garden village 園林城市 Landscape garden city 薔薇園

Rose garden 松柏園 Conifer garden 球根園 Bulb garden 宿根園 Perennial garden 假山園 Rock garden,Chinese rockery 狩獵場 Hunting ground 街心花園 Street crossing center garden 小游園 Petty Street garden 水景園 Water garden 鋪地園 Paved garden 野趣園 Wild plants botanical garden 野生植物園 Wild plants garden 鄉(xiāng)趣園 Rustic garden 盆景園 Penjing garden,miniature land-scape 動物園 zoo,zoological garden 墓園 Cemetery garden 沼澤園 Bog and marsh garden 水生植物園 Aquatic plants garden 學校園 School garden 室內(nèi)花園 Indoor garden 芳香花園 Fragrant garden 盲人花園 Garden for the blind 公園

park,Public park

城市公園 City park,urban park 區(qū)公園 Regional park 兒童公園 Children park 體育公園 Sports park 森林公園 Forest park 紀念公園 Memorial park

烈士紀念公園 Martyr memorial park 綜合公園 Comprehensive park 文化公園 Cultural park

文化休憩公園 Cultural and recreation park 中央公園 Central park 天然公園 Natural park

海濱公園 Seaside park,seabeach park 古跡公園 Historic site park 河濱公園 Riverside park 湖濱公園 Lakeside park

路邊公園 Roadside park,street park 娛樂公園 Amusement park 雕塑公園 Sculpture park 休憩公園 Recreation park 療養(yǎng)公園 Sanatorium park 國家公園 National park

鄰里公園 Neighborhood park 特種公園 Special park 植物園 Botanical garden 植物公園 abeled plants park 高山植物園 alpine garden

熱帶植物園 tropical plants garden

藥用植物園 medical plants garden,herb garden

綠地 green space

公共綠地 Public green space 單位綠地 Unit green area 城市綠地 Urban green space

街道廣場綠地 Street and square green area 居住區(qū)綠地 Residential quarter green area 防護綠地 Green area for environmental protection 郊區(qū)綠地 Suburban green space 街坊綠地 Residential block green belt 附屬綠地 Attached green space 生產(chǎn)綠地 Productive plantation area 苗圃 nursery 風景 landscape,scenery 自然景觀 Natural landscape 人文景觀 Human landscape,scenery of humanities 草原景觀 Prairie landscape 山岳景觀 Mountain landscape,alpine landscape 地理景觀 Geographical landscape 湖泊景觀 Lake view 郊區(qū)景觀 Suburban landscape 地質(zhì)景觀 Geological landscape 喀斯特景觀 Karst landscape 植物景觀 Plants landscape,flora landscape 中國古典園林 Classical Chinese garden 中國傳統(tǒng)園林 Traditional Chinese garden 中國古代園林 Ancient Chinese garden 中國山水園 Chinese mountain and water garden 帝王宮苑 Imperial palace garden 皇家園林 Royal garden 私家園林 Private garden 江南園林 Garden on the Yangtze Delta 西方古典園林 Western classical garden 英國式園林 English style garden 中英混合式園林 Anglo-Chinese style garden 意大利式園林 Italian style garden 西班牙式園林 Spanish style garden 法蘭西式園林 French style garden 勒諾特爾式園林 Le-Notre's style garden 文藝復興莊園 Renaissance style villa 洛可可式園林 Rococo style garden 園林專業(yè)詞匯2 巴洛克式園林 Baroque style garden 莊園 manor,villa garden 廊柱園 Peristyle garden,patio 綠廊 xystus 迷陣 maze,labyrinth 靈囿 Ling You Hunting Garden 靈沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden 靈臺 Ling Tai Platform Garden 阿房宮 E-Pang Palace 上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan 未央宮 Wei-Yang Palace 洛陽宮 Luoyang Palace 華清官 Hua-Qing Palace

艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden

圓明園 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden 頤和園 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace

承德避暑山莊 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort

蘇州園林 Suzhou traditional garden 懸園 Hanging Garden

英國皇家植物園 Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden

凡爾賽宮苑 Versailles Palace Park

楓丹白露宮園Fontainebleau Palace Garden 景 view,scenery,feature 遠景 Distant view近景 Nearby view

障景 Obstructive scenery,blocking view 借景 Borrowed scenery,view borrowing 對景 Opposite scenery,view in opposite place 縮景 Miniature scenery,abbreviated scenery 漏景 Leaking through scenery 框景 Enframed scenery 尾景 Terminal feature 主景 Main feature

副景 Secondary feature 配景 Objective view 夾景 Vista line,vista 前景 Front view 背景 background

景序 Order of sceneries 景點 Feature spot,view spot 仰視景觀 Upward landscape 俯視景觀 Downward landscape 季相景觀 Seasonal phenomena

氣象景觀 Meteorological diversity scenery 視野 Visual field

秋色 Fall color,autumn color 園林空間 Garden space 開敞空間 Wide open space, wide space 封閉空間 Enclosure space 意境 artistic conception,poetic imagery 蒼古 antiquity 空靈 spaciousness,airiness 動觀 in-motion viewing 靜觀 in-position viewing 視錯覺

Visual illusion 園林藝術(shù)布局 Artistic layout of garden 對稱平衡 Symmetrical balance 不對稱平衡 Asymmetrical balance 左右對稱 Bilateral symmetry 輻射對稱 Radial symmetry 透景線 Perspective line 軸線 axis,axial line 主軸 Main axis 副軸 Auxiliary axis 暗軸 Hidden axis,invisible axis 樹冠線 skyline 園林色彩藝術(shù) Art of garden colors 單色諧調(diào) Monochromatic harmony 復色諧調(diào) Compound chromatic harmony 對比色突出 Contrast colors accent近似色諧調(diào) Approximate colors harmony 暖色 Warm color 冷色 Cool color 色感 Color sense 城市綠地系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃 Urban green space system planning 綠地系統(tǒng) Green space system 公共綠地定額 Public green space quota 公共綠地指標 Public green space norm 綠地布局 Green space layout 吸引圈

Attractive circle 吸引距離 Attractive distance 有效半徑 Effective radius 綠地資源 Green space resource 綠地效果 Green space effect 綠地規(guī)劃程序 Planning procedure of the green space 空間規(guī)劃 Space planning 形象規(guī)劃 Image plan 實施規(guī)劃 Implementary plan 必要生活空間 Necessary living space 余暇生活空間 Leisure time living space 利用頻度 Usage frequency

樹種規(guī)劃 Planning of trees and shrubs 綠地類型 Typeof green space 環(huán)狀綠型 Annular green space 塊狀綠地 Green plot 點狀綠地 Green spot

放射狀綠地 Radiate green space

楔狀綠地 wedge-shaped green space 緩沖綠地 Buffer green space 防音綠地 Noiseproof green space 科學景觀論 Scientific landscape theory 園林保留地 Reserve garden 公園規(guī)劃park planning

園林總體規(guī)劃 Garden master planning 總平面規(guī)劃 Site planning 園林分區(qū) Garden zoning 安靜休息區(qū) Tranquil rest area

兒童活動區(qū) Children playing space

兒童游戲場 Children playground, playlot 體育運動區(qū) Sports activities area 野餐區(qū) Picnic place

散步區(qū) Pedestrian space

群眾集會區(qū) Mass meeting square 觀賞植物區(qū) Ornamental plants area

觀賞溫室區(qū) Display greenhouse area, display conservatory area 草坪區(qū) Lawn space

綠蔭區(qū) Shade tree section

歷史古跡區(qū) Historical relics area

青少年活動區(qū) Youngsters activities area 誘鳥區(qū) Bird sanctuary area 釣魚區(qū) Fishing center 野營區(qū) Camp site

游人中心 Visitors center 服務中心 Service center

探險游樂場 Adventure ground 文化活動區(qū) Cultural activities area

道路系統(tǒng) Approach system, road system 環(huán)形道路系統(tǒng) Circular road system 方格形道路系統(tǒng) Latticed road system 放射形道路系統(tǒng) Radiate road system 自然式道路系統(tǒng) Informal road system 規(guī)整式道路系統(tǒng) Formal road system 混合式道路系統(tǒng) Mixed style road system 園林規(guī)劃圖 Garden planning map 園林規(guī)劃說明書 Garden planning direction 城市公園系統(tǒng) Urban park system 公園分布 Distribution of parks 公園類型 Park type, park category 公園間距 Distance between parks 公園形式 Park styles 游覽區(qū) Excursion area, open-to-public area 非游覽區(qū) no-admittance area 辦公區(qū)

Administrative area 服務區(qū)

Service center 動休息區(qū) Dynamic rest space 靜休息區(qū) Static rest space 娛樂演出區(qū) Entertaining performance place 主要入口 Main entrance 次要入口 Secondary entrance 人流量 Visitors flowrate 車流量 Vehicle flowrate 公園道路 parkroad 公園水陸面積比率 land-water ratio 游人容納量 Visitors capacity 風景資源調(diào)查 Landscape resource evaluation 風景學 scenicology 風景規(guī)劃 Landscape plan 風景設計 Landscape design 游覽路線 Touring route 旅游資源 Tourism resource 旅游地理 Tourism geography 旅游地質(zhì) Tourism geology 歷史名城 Famous historical city 文化名城 Famous cultural city 文化遺址 Ancient cultural relic 天然博物館 Natural open museum 風景地貌 naturalgeomorphology 造型地貌 imaginative geomorphologic figuration 風景區(qū) Scenic spot, scenic area

風景名勝 Famous scenery, famous scenic site

特異景觀風景區(qū) Specific natural scenes area

民族風俗風景區(qū) Scenic spot of minority customs

高山風景區(qū) Alpine scenic spot 海濱風景區(qū) Seabeach scenic spot 森林風景區(qū) Forest scenic spot

高山草甸風景區(qū) Alpine tundra landscape spot

峽谷風景區(qū) Valley scenic spot

江河風景區(qū) River landscape district 湖泊風景區(qū) Lake round scenic spot 溫泉風景區(qū) Hot spring scenic spot 瀑布風景區(qū) Waterfall scenic spot

禁伐禁獵區(qū) Region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting

封山育林區(qū) Region closed for afforestation

天池風景區(qū) Crater lake scenic spot 自然保護區(qū) Nature protection area

科學保護區(qū) Protection area for scientific research

天然紀念物 Natural monument

生物圈保護區(qū) Biosphere protection area 園林設計師 Landscape architect, garden designer

園址測量圖 Garden site survey map 地形圖 Topographic map, contour map 種植設計 Planting design

地形改造設計 Topographical reform design

種植大樣圖 detailplanting design 造價分析 Cost analysis 園林形式 Garden style

規(guī)整式園林 Formal garden style 非規(guī)整園林 Informal garden style 幾何式園林 Geometric garden style

園林專業(yè)(高等學校專業(yè)英語系列教材)

目錄：

Part Ⅰ Landscape Architecture Interpretation（第一部分：園林的概述）

LESSON 1 THE PRACTICE AND PROFESSION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Reading Material The Three Stakes LESSON 2 LANDSCAPE MEANINGS

Reading Material Landscape Interpretation

Part Ⅱ History of Landscape Architecture（第二部分：園林歷史）LESSON 3 PARADISE ON EARTH: THE ISLAMIC GARDEN Reading Material Islamic Gardens of Spain LESSON 4 GARDENS OF SIXTEENTHSTRUCTURE UNITY

Reading Material Is Sustainable Attainable? LESSON 13 PARK AND BOUNDLESS SPACE

Reading Material Spatial Development LESSON 14 LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Reading Material Eco-City Plans LESSON 15 LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT

Reading Material Axioms for Reading the Landscape Some Guides to the American Scene(Part one)LESSON 16 LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE PRIMEVAL ENVIRONMENT

Reading Material Axioms for Reading the Landscape Some Guides to the American Scene(Part two)Part Ⅴ 20th Century Landscape Architecture Practice第五部分：20世紀園林實踐

LESSON 17 AN ECOLOGY OF DESIGN Reading Material Forstering Living Landscape LESSON 18 TOWARDS A NEW LANDSCAPE PRACTICE Reading Material A Parks, Botanical gardens, Festival gardens: Germany Reading Material B Barcelona and the Resurgence of Spain APPENDIX A PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNET SITES APPENDIX B PROFESSIONAL INTERNET SITES

第二篇：社會工作專業(yè)外語詞匯

individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.（個人，家庭，團體，組織和社區(qū)）

discrimination（歧視）poverty（貧困）social problems.（社會問題）? socialjustice（社會正義）

? dignity and worth of the person（人的尊嚴和價值）

importance ofhumanrelationships（人際關(guān)系的重要性）

integrity（誠信）

? competence.（能力）

Socialassistance社會救助

the core of social work（社會工作的核心）

address social problems.（解決社會問題）

social problems.（社會問題）

promote, restore, maintain, and enhance（..促進,恢復,保持和加強...）professional expertise.（專業(yè)經(jīng)驗）

specific legal obligations（具體的法律義務）

Self—Determination（自決）

identify and clarify（確定和澄清）

professional relationship（專業(yè)關(guān)系）

professional experience.（專業(yè)經(jīng)驗）

Social Diversity（社會多樣性）

political belief（政治信仰）

ConflictsofInterest（利益沖突）

Privacy and Confidentiality（隱私與保密）

legally authorized body（法律授權(quán)機構(gòu)）

social work licensure.（社會工作執(zhí)照）

Termination of Services（終止服務）

Referral（轉(zhuǎn)介）social work practice.（社會工作實務）

professional functions（專業(yè)職能）

professional credentials（專業(yè)認證）

Evaluation and Research（評估和研究）

social policies（社會政策）

Valuesystem價值體系 thepurposeoftheservice服務的目的 professionalcredential專業(yè)認證

publicrelation公共關(guān)系the

objectivefact客觀事實

subjectivefeeling主觀感受

politicalorientation政治取向

publicareas 公共區(qū)域

socialsystems 社會制度

socialsupport 社會支持

socialstatus社會地位

Socialorganization 社會組織

accesstorecords 訪問記錄

theethicalstandardsoftheprofession 行業(yè)道德標準

第三篇：會計專業(yè)外語賬目詞匯

帳目名詞

一、資產(chǎn)類Assets

流動資產(chǎn)Current assets

貨幣資金Cash and cash equivalents 現(xiàn)金Cash

銀行存款Cash in bank

其他貨幣資金Other cash and cash

equivalents

外埠存款Other city Cash in bank 銀行本票Cashier”s cheque 銀行匯票Bank draft 信用卡Credit card

信用證保證金L/C Guarantee deposits存出投資款Refundable deposits 短期投資Short-term investments 股票Short-term investmentscorporate

bonds

基金Short-term investmentsother

短期投資跌價準備Short-term investments falling price reserves

應收款Account receivable 應收票據(jù)Note receivable

銀行承兌匯票Bank acceptance 商業(yè)承兌匯票Trade acceptance 應收股利Dividend receivable 應收利息Interest receivable 應收賬款Account receivable

其他應收款Other notes receivable 壞賬準備Bad debt reserves 預付賬款Advance money

應收補貼款Cover deficit by state

subsidies of receivable 庫存資產(chǎn)Inventories

物資采購Supplies purchasing 原材料Raw materials 包裝物Wrappage

低值易耗品Low-value consumption

goods

材料成本差異Materials cost variance 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods 庫存商品Finished goods

商品進銷差價Differences between purchasing and selling price

委托加工物資Work in process-outsourced

委托代銷商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis

受托代銷商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis

存貨跌價準備Inventory falling price reserves

分期收款發(fā)出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages

待攤費用Deferred and prepaid expenses 長期投資Long-term investment

長期股權(quán)投資Long-term investment on stocks

股票投資Investment on stocks

其他股權(quán)投資Other investment on stocks 長期債權(quán)投資Long-term investment on bonds

債券投資Investment on bonds

其他債權(quán)投資Other investment on bonds 長期投資減值準備Long-term investments depreciation reserves

股權(quán)投資減值準備Stock rights investment depreciation reserves

債權(quán)投資減值準備Bcreditor”s rights investment depreciation reserves

委托貸款Entrust loans 本金Principal 利息Interest

減值準備Depreciation reserves 固定資產(chǎn)Fixed assets 房屋Building 建筑物Structure

機器設備Machinery equipment 運輸設備Transportation facilities 工具器具Instruments and implement

累計折舊Accumulated depreciation 固定資產(chǎn)減值準備Fixed assets depreciation reserves

房屋、建筑物減值準備Building/structure depreciation reserves

機器設備減值準備Machinery equipment depreciation reserves

工程物資Project goods and material 專用材料Special-purpose material 專用設備Special-purpose equipment 預付大型設備款Prepayments for equipment

為生產(chǎn)準備的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 在建工程Construction-in-process 安裝工程Erection works

在安裝設備Erecting equipment-in-process 技術(shù)改造工程Technical innovation project 大修理工程General overhaul project 在建工程減值準備Construction-in-process depreciation reserves

固定資產(chǎn)清理Liquidation of fixed assets無形資產(chǎn)Intangible assets 專利權(quán)Patents

非專利技術(shù)Non-Patents

商標權(quán)Trademarks, Trade names 著作權(quán)Copyrights 土地使用權(quán)Tenure 商譽Goodwill

無形資產(chǎn)減值準備Intangible Assets depreciation reserves

專利權(quán)減值準備Patent rights depreciation reserves

商標權(quán)減值準備trademark rights depreciation reserves

未確認融資費用Unacknowledged financial charges

待處理財產(chǎn)損溢Wait deal assets loss or income

待處理財產(chǎn)損溢Wait deal assets loss or income

待處理流動資產(chǎn)損溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income

待處理固定資產(chǎn)損溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income

accountant genaral會計主任 account balancde結(jié)平的帳戶 account bill帳單

account books帳

account classification帳戶分類account current往來帳

account form of balance sheet帳戶式資產(chǎn)負債表

account form of profit and loss statement帳戶式損益表

account payable應付帳款account receivable應收帳款account of payments支出表

account of receipts收入表

account title帳戶名稱，會計科目

accounting year或financial year會計 accounts payable ledger應付款分類帳Accounting period（會計期間）are related to specific

time periods ,typically one year（通常是一年）

資產(chǎn)負債表：balance sheet可以不大寫b 利潤表： income statements(or statements of income)

利潤分配表：retained earnings 現(xiàn)金流量表：cash flows

二、負債類Liability

短期負債Current liability

短期借款Short-term borrowing 應付票據(jù)Notes payable

銀行承兌匯票Bank acceptance 商業(yè)承兌匯票Trade acceptance 應付賬款Account payable 預收賬款Deposit received

代銷商品款Proxy sale goods revenue 應付工資Accrued wages

應付福利費Accrued welfarism 應付股利Dividends payable 應交稅金Tax payable

應交增值稅value added tax payable 進項稅額Withholdings on VAT 已交稅金Paying tax

轉(zhuǎn)出未交增值稅Unpaid VAT

changeover

減免稅款Tax deduction

銷項稅額Substituted money on VAT 出口退稅Tax reimbursement for export 進項稅額轉(zhuǎn)出Changeover withnoldings on VAT

出口抵減內(nèi)銷產(chǎn)品應納稅額Export deduct domestic sales goods tax

轉(zhuǎn)出多交增值稅Overpaid VAT changeover

未交增值稅Unpaid VAT 應交營業(yè)稅Business tax payable

應交消費稅Consumption tax payable 應交資源稅Resources tax payable 應交所得稅Income tax payable

應交土地增值稅Increment tax on land value payable

應交城市維護建設稅Tax for maintaining and building cities payable

應交房產(chǎn)稅Housing property tax payable 應交土地使用稅Tenure tax payable 應交車船使用稅Vehicle and vessel usage

license plate

tax(VVULPT)payable

應交個人所得稅Personal income tax

payable

其他應交款Other fund in conformity with paying

其他應付款Other payables

預提費用Drawing expense in advance 其他負債Other liabilities

待轉(zhuǎn)資產(chǎn)價值Pending changerover assets value

預計負債Anticipation liabilities 長期負債Long-term Liabilities 長期借款Long-term loans

一年內(nèi)到期的長期借款Long-term loans due within one year

一年后到期的長期借款Long-term loans due over one year

應付債券Bonds payable

債券面值Face value, Par value 債券溢價Premium on bonds 債券折價Discount on bonds 應計利息Accrued interest

長期應付款Long-term account payable 應付融資租賃款Accrued financial lease outlay

一年內(nèi)到期的長期應付Long-term account payable due within one year

一年后到期的長期應付Long-term account payable over one year 專項應付款Special payable

一年內(nèi)到期的專項應付Long-term special payable due within one year

一年后到期的專項應付Long-term special payable over one year 遞延稅款Deferral taxes

所有者權(quán)益類OWNERS” EQUITY

資本Capita

實收資本(或股本)Paid-up capital(or stock)

實收資本Paicl-up capital 實收股本Paid-up stock

已歸還投資Investment Returned 公積

資本公積Capital reserve

資本(或股本)溢價Cpital(or Stock)premium

接受捐贈非現(xiàn)金資產(chǎn)準備Receive non-cash donate reserve

股權(quán)投資準備Stock right investment reserves

撥款轉(zhuǎn)入Allocate sums changeover in 外幣資本折算差額Foreign currency capital

其他資本公積Other capital reserve 盈余公積Surplus reserves 法定盈余公積Legal surplus

任意盈余公積Free surplus reserves 法定公益金Legal public welfare fund 儲備基金Reserve fund

企業(yè)發(fā)展基金Enterprise expension fund 利潤歸還投資Profits capitalizad on return of investment 利潤Profits

本年利潤Current year profits 利潤分配Profit distribution

其他轉(zhuǎn)入Other chengeover in

提取法定盈余公積Withdrawal legal surplus

提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds

提取儲備基金Withdrawal reserve fund 提取企業(yè)發(fā)展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion

提取職工獎勵及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers” bonus and

welfare fund

利潤歸還投資Profits capitalizad on return of investment

應付優(yōu)先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable

提取任意盈余公積Withdrawal other common accumulation fund

應付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable

轉(zhuǎn)作資本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change to

assets(or stock)

未分配利潤Undistributed profit

四、成本類Cost

生產(chǎn)成本Cost of manufacture 基本生產(chǎn)成本Base cost of manufacture 輔助生產(chǎn)成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture

制造費用Manufacturing overhead 材料費Materials

管理人員工資Executive Salaries 獎金Wages

退職金Retirement allowance 補貼Bonus

外保勞務費Outsourcing fee

福利費Employee benefits/welfare 會議費Coferemce

加班餐費Special duties

市內(nèi)交通費Business traveling 通訊費Correspondence 電話費Correspondence

水電取暖費Water and Steam 稅費Taxes and dues 租賃費Rent

管理費Maintenance

車輛維護費Vehicles maintenance 油料費Vehicles maintenance 培訓費Education and training 接待費Entertainment

圖書、印刷費Books and printing 運費Transpotation

保險費Insurance premium 支付手續(xù)費Commission 雜費Sundry charges

折舊費Depreciation expense

機物料消耗Article of consumption 勞動保護費Labor protection fees

季節(jié)性停工損失Loss on seasonality cessation

勞務成本Service costs

五、損益類Profit and loss

收入Income

業(yè)務收入OPERATING INCOME 主營業(yè)務收入Prime operating revenue 產(chǎn)品銷售收入Sales revenue 服務收入Service revenue

其他業(yè)務收入Other operating revenue 材料銷售Sales materials 代購代售

包裝物出租Wrappage lease

出讓資產(chǎn)使用權(quán)收入Remise right of assets revenue

返還所得稅Reimbursement of income tax 其他收入Other revenue 投資收益Investment income

短期投資收益Current investment income 長期投資收益Long-term investment income

計提的委托貸款減值準備Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 補貼收入Subsidize revenue

國家扶持補貼收入Subsidize revenue from country

其他補貼收入Other subsidize revenue 營業(yè)外收入NON-OPERATING INCOME 非貨幣性交易收益Non-cash deal income 現(xiàn)金溢余Cash overage

處置固定資產(chǎn)凈收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets

出售無形資產(chǎn)收益Income on sales of intangible assets

固定資產(chǎn)盤盈Fixed assets inventory profit 罰款凈收入Net amercement income 支出Outlay

業(yè)務支出Revenue charges 主營業(yè)務成本Operating costs 產(chǎn)品銷售成本Cost of goods sold 服務成本Cost of service

主營業(yè)務稅金及附加Tax and associate charge

營業(yè)稅Sales tax

消費稅Consumption tax

城市維護建設稅Tax for maintaining and building cities

資源稅Resources tax

土地增值稅Increment tax on land value 5405其他業(yè)務支出Other business

expense

銷售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale

其他勞務成本Other cost of service 其他業(yè)務稅金及附加費Other tax and associate charge 費用Expenses

營業(yè)費用Operating expenses

代銷手續(xù)費Consignment commission charge

運雜費Transpotation

保險費Insurance premium 展覽費Exhibition fees 廣告費Advertising fees

管理費用Adminisstrative expenses 職工工資Staff Salaries 修理費Repair charge

低值易耗攤銷Article of consumption

辦公費Office allowance 差旅費Travelling expense

工會經(jīng)費Labour union expenditure

研究與開發(fā)費Research and development expense

福利費Employee benefits/welfare 職工教育經(jīng)費Personnel education 待業(yè)保險費Unemployment insurance 勞動保險費Labour insurance 醫(yī)療保險費Medical insurance 會議費Coferemce

聘請中介機構(gòu)費Intermediary organs 咨詢費Consult fees 訴訟費Legal cost

業(yè)務招待費Business entertainment 技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓費Technology transfer fees

礦產(chǎn)資源補償費Mineral resources compensation fees

排污費Pollution discharge fees 房產(chǎn)稅Housing property tax

車船使用稅Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT)

土地使用稅Tenure tax 印花稅Stamp tax

財務費用Finance charge 利息支出Interest exchange 匯兌損失Foreign exchange loss 各項手續(xù)費Charge for trouble

各項專門借款費用Special-borrowing cost 營業(yè)外支出Nonbusiness expenditure 捐贈支出Donation outlay 減值準備金Depreciation reserves 非常損失Extraordinary loss

處理固定資產(chǎn)凈損失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets

出售無形資產(chǎn)損失Loss on sales of intangible assets

固定資產(chǎn)盤虧Fixed assets inventory loss 債務重組損失Loss on arrangement

罰款支出Amercement outlay 所得稅Income tax

第四篇：外語經(jīng)貿(mào)類詞匯

外語經(jīng)貿(mào)類詞匯

澳新緊密經(jīng)濟關(guān)系協(xié)定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement

擺脫亞洲金融危機的影響shake off the impact of the financial crisis

幫助人才脫穎而出help excellent talents find way to distinction

備件spare parts

部長級會議ministerial meeting

采取積極財政政策 proactive fiscal policy

出口創(chuàng)匯型/外向型產(chǎn)業(yè)export-oriented industry

垂直兼并vertical merger

倒爺profiteer

抵免offset

東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area

東南亞國家聯(lián)盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations

對外項目承包foreign project contracting

反傾銷措施anti-dumping measures against ??

防偽標志anti-fake label

放松銀根ease monetary policy

非配額產(chǎn)品quota-free products

非生產(chǎn)性投資investment in non-productive projects

風險管理/評估risk management/ assessment

風險基金venture capital

風險準備金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk

崗位培訓on-the-job training

港元的聯(lián)系匯率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar 搞活國有大中型企業(yè)revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 工程項目engineering project

工業(yè)增加值industrial added value

公正合理equitable and rational

固定資產(chǎn)投資investment in the fixed assets

廣開就業(yè)門路increase employment opportunities;create jobs in every possible way;open up more channels of employment

規(guī)模經(jīng)濟scale economy/ economies of scale

國合企業(yè)（即國有合作社）state-owned cooperatives

國際清算international settlement

國際收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment

國際收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment

國家補貼public subsidies

國家鼓勵項目projects listed as encouraged by the state

國家科技創(chuàng)新體系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System

國家現(xiàn)匯結(jié)存state foreign exchange reserves

合理引導消費guide rational consumption

橫向兼并horizontal merger

壞帳、呆帳、死帳bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan 貨幣市場money market

機構(gòu)臃腫overstaffing in(government)organizations

機構(gòu)重疊organizational overlapping

技工貿(mào)結(jié)合的科技型企業(yè)scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development

季節(jié)性調(diào)價seasonal price adjustments

既成事實established/accomplished facts

減免債務reduce and cancel debts

建材building materials

進口環(huán)節(jié)稅import linkage tax

經(jīng)常項目current account

經(jīng)常性的財政收入regular revenues

竟價投標competitive bidding

就業(yè)前培訓pre-job training

控股公司holding company

垃圾融資junk financing

勞動密集性企業(yè)labor-intensive enterprises

勞務合作labor service cooperation

累計實現(xiàn)順差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus

利改稅substitution of tax payment for profit delivery

流動人口floating population

龍頭產(chǎn)品lagship product

亂集資、亂攤派、亂收費unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises

慢性蕭條chronic depression

農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)合作ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation

盤活存量資產(chǎn)revitalize stock assets

配件accessories

皮包公司flying-by-night company;bogus company

平等互利、講求實效、形式多樣、共同發(fā)展的方針pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development

瓶頸制約 “bottleneck” restrictions

企業(yè)的自我約束機制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises

企業(yè)技術(shù)改造technological updating of enterprises

企業(yè)虧損補貼subsidies to cover enterprise losses

企業(yè)所得稅corporate income tax

千年問題、千年蟲millennium bug

搶得先機take the preemptive opportunities

清理、修訂screen and modify

求同存異overcome differences and seek common ground

商住和公益設施建設commercial, residential and public utility construction

申報制度reporting system;income declaration system

實行股份制enforce stockholding system

實行國民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts

市場準人的行政管理措施AAMAAdministrative Aspects of Market Access

適銷對路的產(chǎn)品readily marketable products

雙重軌制two-tier system / double-track system

水利water conservation

所有制形式forms of ownership

貪圖安逸crave comfort and pleasure

通貨緊縮deflation

通貨膨脹inflation

同步增長increase in the same pace

外援方式modality of foreign aid

無氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator

無紙交易paperless transaction

現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度modern corporate system

消費膨脹inflated consumption

協(xié)議投標negotiated bidding

信息化informationize

形成統(tǒng)一、開放和競爭有序的市場establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亞歐會議ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting

亞太法定計量論壇APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum

亞太工商咨詢理事會ABAC：APEC Business Advisory Council

亞太計量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program

亞太經(jīng)合組織部長級會議AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting

亞太經(jīng)合組織經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)導人會議AELM： APEC Economic Leaders Meeting

亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

亞太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center

亞太商業(yè)論壇ABF：APEC Business Forum

亞太商業(yè)網(wǎng)絡APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network

亞太實驗室認可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation

亞太通訊與數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System

亞太信息基礎設施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure

亞太中小企業(yè)技術(shù)交流與培訓中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises

亞洲開發(fā)銀行ADB: Asian Development Bank

以試點的形式實行外貿(mào)權(quán)自動登記制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis

營業(yè)稅turnover tax

在鞏固公有制主體地位的同時,促進多種所有制經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership

債轉(zhuǎn)股debt-to-equity swap

中華人民共和國保護臺灣同胞投資實施條例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C.on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan

中介服務組織intermediary service organization

注入新的生機與活力bring new vigor and vitality into

轉(zhuǎn)化經(jīng)營機制change the method of operation

資本項目capital account

自1999年1月1日起實行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999 自由浮動匯率free floating exchange rate;variable exchange rate

自駐經(jīng)營,自負盈虧responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 走上良性發(fā)展的軌道going on the track of sound progress

shipping service company船務公司

generic products非商標(非專利)產(chǎn)品

prudent monetary policy穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策

deficit spending超前消費

run on banks(到銀行)擠兌

domestic support to agriculture對農(nóng)業(yè)的國內(nèi)支持

special bonds特種債券

economy of abundance富裕經(jīng)濟

Animal-based protein動物源性蛋白

dual purpose exports軍民兩用品出口

dual-use goods and technology軍民兩用產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)

NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)

global quota全球配額

grandfather clause祖父條款

Animal-derived food動物源食品

EVSL(Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部門提前自愿自由化

TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)貿(mào)易和投資自由化和便利化

常見縮略：

C&F(cost & freight)成本加運費價

T/T(telegraphic transfer)電匯

D/P(document against payment)付款交單

D/A(document against acceptance)承兌交單

C.O(certificate of origin)一般原產(chǎn)地證

G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制

CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)紙箱

PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、個、支等

DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元

DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等

WT(weight)重量

G.W.(gross weight)毛重

N.W.(net weight)凈重

(customs declaration)報關(guān)單

EA(each)每個，各

W(with)具有

w/o(without)沒有

FAC(facsimile)傳真

IMP(import)進口

EXP（export）出口

MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度

M 或MED(medium)中等，中級的M/V（merchant vessel）商船

S.S(steamship)船運

MT或M/T(metric ton)公噸

DOC(document)文件、單據(jù)

INT（international）國際的P/L(packing list)裝箱單、明細表

INV(invoice)發(fā)票

PCT(percent)百分比

REF（reference）參考、查價

EMS（express mail special）特快傳遞

STL.(style)式樣、款式、類型

T或LTX或TX(telex)電傳

RMB（renminbi）人民幣

S/M（shipping marks）裝船標記

PR或PRC(price)價格

PUR(purchase)購買、購貨

S/C（sales contract）銷售確認書

L/C（letter of credit）信用證

B/L（bill of lading）提單

FOB（free on board）離岸價

CIF（cost, insurance & freight）成本、保險加運費價 GMO(genetically modified organism)轉(zhuǎn)基因組織

CAGA(compound annual growth average)年復合增長率

第五篇：材料專業(yè)外語

原子質(zhì)量單位 Atomic mass unit(amu)原子數(shù) Atomic number原子量 Atomic weight波爾原子模型 Bohr atomic model鍵能 Bonding energy庫侖力 Coulombic force共價鍵 Covalent bond分子的構(gòu)型molecular configuration電子構(gòu)型 electronic configuration負電的 Electronegative正電的 Electropositive基態(tài) Ground state摩爾Mole氫鍵 Hydrogen bond離子鍵 Ionic bond同位素Isotope金屬鍵 Metallic bond分子 Molecule原子atom 泡利不相容原理 Pauli exclusion principle元素周期表 Periodic table分子 molecule分子量 molecule weight極性分子 Polar molecule量子數(shù) quantum number價電子 valence electron范德華鍵 van der waalsbond電子軌道 electron orbitals點群 point group對稱要素 symmetry elements各向異性anisotropy

原子堆積因數(shù) atomic packing factor(APF)體心立方結(jié)構(gòu) body-centered cubic(BCC)面心立方face-centered cubic(FCC)布拉格定律 bragg’s law配位數(shù) coordination number晶體結(jié)構(gòu) crystal structure晶系 crystal system

晶體的 crystalline衍射 diffraction中子衍射 neutron diffraction電子衍射 electron diffraction晶界grain boundary六方密堆積 hexagonal close-packed(HCP)鮑林規(guī)則 Pauling’s rulesNaCl型結(jié)構(gòu) NaCl－type structure

硅酸鹽結(jié)構(gòu) Structure of silicates島狀結(jié)構(gòu) Island structure鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu) Chain structure層狀結(jié)構(gòu) Layer structure 架狀結(jié)構(gòu) Framework structure滑石 talc葉蠟石 pyrophyllite高嶺石 kaolinite石英 quartz長石 feldspar 美橄欖石 forsterite各向同性的 isotropic各向異性的 anisotropy晶格 lattice晶格參數(shù) lattice parameters密勒指數(shù) miller indices非結(jié)晶的 noncrystalline多晶的 polycrystalline多晶形 polymorphism單晶 single crystal晶胞 unit cell電位 electron states(化合)價 valence電子 electrons共價鍵 covalent bonding金屬鍵 metallic bonding離子鍵 Ionic bonding極性分子 polar molecules

原子面密度 atomic planar density衍射角 diffraction angle合金 alloy粒度,晶粒大小 grain size顯微結(jié)構(gòu) microstructure顯微照相 photomicrograph掃描電子顯微鏡 scanning electron microscope(SEM)

透射電子顯微鏡 transmission electron microscope(TEM)重量百分數(shù) weight percent四方的 tetragonal

單斜的 monoclinic配位數(shù) coordination number

固溶體 solid solution固溶度 solid solubility化合物 compound間隙固溶體 interstitial solid solution置換固溶體 substitutional solid solution金屬間化合物 intermetallics不混溶固溶體 immiscible solid solution 轉(zhuǎn)熔型固溶體 peritectic solid solution有序固溶體 ordered solid solution無序固溶體 disordered solid solution

固溶強化 solid solution strengthening取代型固溶體 Substitutional solid solutions過飽和固溶體 supersaturated solid solution 非化學計量化合物 Nonstoichiometric compound缺陷 efect, imperfection點缺陷 point defect

線缺陷 ine defect, dislocation面缺陷 interface defect體缺陷 volume defect位錯排列dislocation arrangement位錯線 dislocation line刃位錯 edge dislocation螺位錯 screw dislocation混合位錯mixed dislocation

晶界 grain boundaries大角度晶界 high-angle grain boundaries小角度晶界 tilt boundary,孿晶界 twin boundaries位錯陣列 dislocation array位錯氣團 dislocation atmosphere位錯軸 dislocation axis位錯胞 dislocation cell位錯爬移 dislocation climb位錯聚結(jié) dislocation coalescence位錯滑移 dislocation slip位錯裂紋 dislocation crack 位錯核心能量 dislocation core energy位錯阻尼 dislocation damping位錯密度 dislocation density

原子錯位 substitution of a wrong atom間隙原子 interstitial atom晶格空位 vacant lattice sites間隙位置 interstitial sites 雜質(zhì) impurities弗倫克爾缺陷 Frenkel disorder肖脫基缺陷 Schottkydisorder主晶相 the host lattice 錯位原子 misplaced atoms締合中心 Associated Centers.自由電子 Free Electrons電子空穴 Electron Holes 伯格斯矢量 Burgers克羅各-明克符號 Kroger Vink notation中性原子 neutral atom

體結(jié)構(gòu) structure of melt過冷液體 supercooling melt玻璃態(tài) vitreous state軟化溫度 softening temperature粘度 viscosity表面張力 Surface tension介穩(wěn)態(tài)過渡相 metastable phase組織 constitution

淬火 quenching退火的 softened玻璃分相 phase separation in glasses體積收縮 volume shrinkage

相圖 phase diagrams相 phase組分 component組元 compoonent相律 Phase rule投影圖 Projection drawing濃度三角形 Concentration triangle冷卻曲線 Cooling curve成分composition 自由度 freedom相平衡 phase equilibrium化學勢 chemical potential熱力學 thermodynamics

相律 phase rule吉布斯相律 Gibbs phase rule自由能 free energy吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy 吉布斯混合能 Gibbs energy of mixing吉布斯熵 Gibbs entropy吉布斯函數(shù) Gibbs function

熱力學函數(shù)thermodynamics function熱分析thermal analysis過冷 supercooling

過冷度 degree of supercooling杠桿定律 lever rule相界 phase boundary相界線 phase boundary line 相界交聯(lián) phase boundary crosslinking共軛線 conjugate lines相界有限交聯(lián) phase boundary crosslinking

相界反應 phase boundary reaction相變 phase change相組成 phase composition共格相 phase-coherent 金相相組織 phase constentuent相襯 phase contrast相襯顯微鏡 phase contrast microscope

相襯顯微術(shù) phase contrast microscopy相分布 phase distribution相平衡常數(shù) phase equilibrium constant

相平衡圖 phase equilibrium diagram相變滯后 phase transition lag相分離 phase segregation相序 phase order相穩(wěn)定性 phase stability相態(tài) phase state相穩(wěn)定區(qū) phase stabile range相變溫度 phase transition temperature 相變壓力 phase transition pressure同質(zhì)多晶轉(zhuǎn)變 polymorphic transformation同素異晶轉(zhuǎn)變 llotropic transformation 相平衡條件 phase equilibrium conditions顯微結(jié)構(gòu) microstructures低共熔體 eutectoid不混溶性 immiscibility 材料科學基礎專業(yè)詞匯:第六章擴散

活化能 activation energy擴散通量 diffusion flux濃度梯度 concentration gradient菲克第一定律 Fick’s first law 菲克第二定律 Fick’s second law相關(guān)因子 correlation factor穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散 steady state diffusion非穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散 nonsteady-state diffusion擴散系數(shù) diffusion coefficient跳動幾率 ump frequency

填隙機制 interstitalcy mechanism晶界擴散 grain boundary diffusion短路擴散 short-circuit diffusion上坡擴散 uphill diffusion下坡擴散 Downhill diffusion互擴散系數(shù) Mutual diffusion滲碳劑 carburizing

濃度梯度 concentration gradient濃度分布曲線 concentration profile擴散流量 diffusion flux驅(qū)動力 driving force間隙擴散 interstitial diffusion自擴散 self-diffusion表面擴散 surface diffusion空位擴散 vacancy diffusion擴散偶 diffusion couple擴散方程 diffusion equation擴散機理 diffusion mechanism擴散特性 diffusion property 無規(guī)行走Random walk達肯方程 Dark equation柯肯達爾效應 Kirkendall equation空位機制Vacancy concentration 本征熱缺陷 Intrinsic thermal defect本征擴散系數(shù) Intrinsic diffusion coefficient離子電導率 Ion-conductivity過冷supercooling過冷度degree of supercooling晶核 nucleus形核 nucleation形核功 nucleation energy 晶體長大 crystal growth均勻形核 homogeneous nucleation非均勻形核 heterogeneous nucleation

形核率 nucleation rate長大速率 growth rate熱力學函數(shù) thermodynamics function臨界晶核 critical nucleus臨界晶核半徑 critical nucleus radius枝晶偏析 dendritic segregation局部平衡 localized equilibrium

平衡分配系數(shù) equilibrium distributioncoefficient有效分配系數(shù) effective distribution coefficient引領(lǐng)相 leading phase 成分過冷 constitutional supercooling共晶組織 eutectic structure層狀共晶 lamellar eutectic偽共晶 pseudoeutectic離異共晶 divorsed eutectic表面等軸晶區(qū) chill zone柱狀晶區(qū) columnar zone中心等軸晶區(qū) equiaxed crystal zone 定向凝固 unidirectional solidification急冷技術(shù) splatcooling區(qū)域提純 zone refining單晶提拉法 Czochralski method 晶界形核 boundary nucleation位錯形核 dislocation nucleation晶核長大 nuclei growth馬氏體 martensite

斯賓那多分解 spinodal decomposition有序無序轉(zhuǎn)變 disordered-order transition

馬氏體相變 martensite phase transformation

固相反應 solid state reaction燒結(jié) sintering燒成 fire合金 alloy再結(jié)晶 Recrystallization

二次再結(jié)晶 Secondary recrystallization成核 nucleation結(jié)晶 crystallization子晶，雛晶 matted crystal

耔晶取向 seed orientation異質(zhì)核化 heterogeneous nucleation均勻化熱處理 homogenization heat treatment

鐵碳合金 iron-carbon alloy滲碳體 cementite鐵素體 ferrite奧氏體 austenite共晶反應 eutectic reaction 固溶處理 solution heat treatment

austenite奧氏體cementite碳化鐵component組元congruent transformation全等變換eutectic phase共晶相eutectoid reaction共析轉(zhuǎn)變ferrite鐵酸鹽hypereutectoid過共析pypoeutectoid亞共析

intermediate solid solution次生固溶intermetallic compound金屬互化物invariant point不變點isomorphous同行的metastable亞穩(wěn)microconstituent顯微組織成分pearlite珠層體peritectc reaction轉(zhuǎn)熔反應

proeutectoid cementite玻璃滲碳體proeutectoid ferrite先共析鐵素體solubility limit溶解度solvus line溶線terminal solid solution終端固溶體tie line兩平衡相成分點間連線acceptor state受主態(tài)capacitance電容

conduction band導帶conductivity電導率dielectric電介體dielectric constant電容率ferroelectric鐵電體dielectric displacement電位移diode二極管dipole雙電極donor state施主態(tài)doping摻雜質(zhì)electrical resistance電阻electron energy band電子能帶energy band gap 能帶距extrinsic非本征Fermi費米forward bias正向偏壓hole孔insulator絕緣體integrated circuit集成電路ionic conductor離子導電junction transistor結(jié)式晶體管matthiessen’s rule馬系森定則mobility流動性permittivity電容率

piezoelectric壓電polarization極化original取向rectifying junction整流結(jié)relaxation frequently弛豫頻率reverse bias反偏壓valence band價帶abrasive磨料adhesive粘著劑brass黃銅calcination煅燒cement水泥devitrification使不透明ductile iron球墨鑄鐵ferrous鐵基fiber纖維foam泡沫glass ceramic分類陶瓷malleable iron可鍛鑄鐵plain carbon steel碳鋼refractory耐火specific strength強度系數(shù)stainless steel不銹鋼structural clay product建筑粘制品temper designation回火指令

thermoplastic elastomer熱塑彈性體wrought alloy形變合金