第一篇:名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊變化
名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊變化。
普通名詞的復(fù)數(shù)我們知道是直接加-s或-es,a.class, box, watch, brush等詞以 s, x, ch, sh, 結(jié)尾,復(fù)數(shù)要加-es;
b.story, factory 等以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞復(fù)數(shù)要先將-y 變成-i再加-es;
c.knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe結(jié)尾的詞一般先將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v, 再加-es;
d.以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,一般來說,末尾是“元音字母+o” 的詞加-s,我們學(xué)過的有radio,zoo。末尾是“輔音字母+o”的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)加-es。如:tomato, hero, potato,當(dāng)然其中的piano 和photo,又是一個(gè)例外,他們的結(jié)尾只能加-s。
e.child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men), woman(women)等詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化全不遵循規(guī)則。
注意:與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans;
f.deer,sheep等詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形。people,police,cattle 等詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù),所以它們的謂語(yǔ)當(dāng)然也是復(fù)數(shù)形式,這就是集體名詞。the English,the French,the Chinese等名詞表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),也作復(fù)數(shù)用。
注意:maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,雖然以-s結(jié)尾,仍為不可數(shù)名詞。還有theUnited States(美國(guó)),the United Nations(聯(lián)合國(guó))等應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。
別奇怪,名詞有時(shí)也可以作定語(yǔ)的。它作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。
a.man, woman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí),它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如:men workers,women teachers。
b.數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。如:a ten-mile walk十里路,two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹。
第二篇:特殊名詞復(fù)數(shù)
一、1)單數(shù)名詞加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2)以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加es: cities, babies, enemies.以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,或元音字母+y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加s變復(fù)數(shù):
如: boy-boys monkey---monkeys
holiday---holidays 4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多數(shù)變f為v加es,如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves; 但有些詞只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.5)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,有些加es: heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.6)不規(guī)則名詞:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice.7)某些外來詞變復(fù)數(shù):datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→phenomena.analysis→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, diagnosis→diagnoses.(is→es)
8)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù):以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:homework.
以man或woman為前綴的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù),前后兩個(gè)名詞都變復(fù)數(shù),如:manservant→menservants, woman student → women students.
其它復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù):grown up→grown ups, brother in law→brothers in law, stand by→stands by.9)復(fù)合形容詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí),其中的名詞保持單數(shù): a six year old boy,a two hundred page book people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)
10)foot-feet 腳
tooth-teeth 牙齒
mouse-mice 老鼠
man-men 男人
woman-women 女人
policeman-policemen 警察
sheep-sheep 綿羊
deer-deer 鹿
child-children 孩子
ox-oxen 公牛
10)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses(眼鏡), trousers, clothes 若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對(duì),雙)、suit(套),a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers 11)另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚
第三篇:名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化
名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式變化
一、最常見的就是直接在名詞后面+s Boy—boys(男孩)cat—cats(貓)room—rooms(房間)horse—horses(馬)tree—trees(樹)rose—roses(玫瑰)
二、如果名詞是以x、s、sh、ch結(jié)尾的,在名詞后面+es Branch—branches(樹枝)match—matches(火柴)fox—foxes(狐貍)class—classes(班級(jí))bus—buses(公交車)Box—boxes(箱子)watch—watches(手表)dish—dishes(盤子)coach—coaches(車廂)couch—couches(沙發(fā))
三、如果名詞是以輔音加y結(jié)尾的,要變y為i加es;如果不是以輔音結(jié)尾的,就直接在y后面加上s Family—families(家庭)study—studies(學(xué)習(xí))party—parties(派對(duì))baby—babies(寶貝)city—cities(城市)
Boy—boys(男孩)toy—toys(玩具)way—ways(方法、路)monkey—monkeys(猴子)key—keys(鑰匙)
四、當(dāng)名詞是以fe或f結(jié)尾的,要變fe或f為v,再加es;有的直接加s Thief—thieves(小偷)shelf—shelves(書架)leaf—leaves(樹葉)half—halves(一半)Wolf—wolves(狼)life—lives(生活、生命)wife—wives(妻子)knife—knives(刀)Roof—roofs(房頂)belief—beliefs(信念)proof—proofs(證據(jù))
五、當(dāng)名詞是以o結(jié)尾有生命的加es,沒有生命的加s Potato—potatoes(土豆)tomato—tomatoes(西紅柿)
hero—heroes(英雄)Photo—photos(相片)zoo—zoos(動(dòng)物園)radio—radios(廣播)piano—pianos(鋼琴)
六、名詞復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化
Child—children(小孩)mouse—mice(老鼠)man—men(男人)woman—women(女人)German—Germans(德國(guó)人)
Englishman—Englishmen(英國(guó)人)Frenchman---frenchmen(法國(guó)人)foot—feet(足,腳)tooth—teeth(牙齒)1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形
Deer—deer(鹿)fish—fish(魚)Chinese—Chinese(中國(guó)人)Japanese—Japanese(日本人)2)集體名詞,名詞以單數(shù)的形式出現(xiàn),但是實(shí)際上是指的復(fù)數(shù) People(人們)police(警察)public(公眾)
第四篇:特殊名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
名詞的詞形變化
1.不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式
1)來自古英語(yǔ)的復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:
child---children
foot---feet
tooth---teeth
goose---geese
man---men
woman---women
mouse---mice
louse---lice
ox---oxen
penny---pence
analysis---analyses
appendix---appendices parenthesis---parentheses
basis---bases
stimulus---stimuli
ellipsis---ellipses
axis---axes
hypothesis---hypotheses
oasis---oases
crisis----crises
criterion---criteria
phenomenon---phenomena
datum---data
medium---media bacterium---bacteria
nucleus---nuclei
fungus---fungi
alumnus---alumni
focus---foci
radius---radii
terminus---termini
larva---larvae
alga---algae
formula---formulae
data---datas
lens---lenses。
2)詞尾讀音為[f]并以-f或0-fe結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有以下幾種情況:
a)規(guī)則形式:
belief---beliefs
chief----chiefs
cliff----cliffs
grief----griefs b)不規(guī)則形式,即把-f或-fe變成-v,再加-es,讀音為[vz]: calf---calves
half---halves
leaf----leaves
life----lives
loaf---loaves
self---shelves
thief---thieves
wife---wives
wolf---wolves c)既可是規(guī)則形式又可是不規(guī)則形式:
dwarf---dwarfs/dwarves
hoof---hoofs/hoves scarf---scarfs/scarves
wharf---wharfs/wharves
3)詞干以-o結(jié)尾的名次有三種情況:
a)附屬形式為-s:這類詞包括縮略詞kilos, photos;表示國(guó)籍或民族的詞Filipinos, Eskimos以及radios ,solos, sopranos, studios b)復(fù)數(shù)形式為-es,如:heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, Negroes。c)復(fù)數(shù)有規(guī)則的和不規(guī)則的兩種形式,如:
cargo---cargos/cargoes
mosquito---mosquitos/mosquitoes
volcano---volacbos/volcanoes
2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞
1)某些動(dòng)物名詞,如:deer, grouse, salmon, trout, carp, bison, sheep等 2)以-ese或-ss結(jié)尾的表示民族或國(guó)籍的名詞,如:Chinses, Japanese, Portuguese, Swiss, Vietnamese等
3)某些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞,如:barracks, corps, crossroads, gallows, headquarters, means, series, species, works等
4)某些表示計(jì)量單位的名詞,如:horsepower, hertz, kilohertz, li, mu等
其他一些名詞,如:aircraft, spacercarft, craft, offspring等。其中請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意-s結(jié)尾的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞,它們是考試的重點(diǎn)!
3.不可數(shù)名詞
不可數(shù)名詞前一般不需要加定冠詞,永遠(yuǎn)不能加不定冠詞!不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。如:Water is important.但如果不可數(shù)名詞前面被piece, drop, set等詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該與piece, drop, set等的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致
例如:Few drops of water are needed to save the flower.下面是典型的不可數(shù)名詞,是應(yīng)該熟記的!
air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electricity,energy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,garbage,grass,hair,furniture,luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,paper,glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness,kindness,honesty,friendship,attention,wi
sdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work,homework,population,percent,mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,architecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics,genetics,geology,geography,chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics,obsterics
第五篇:名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化
名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化:
1.單詞內(nèi)部發(fā)生變化:口訣“oo常常變ee,男人女人a變e”
eg:foot→feet腳;tooth→teeth牙齒;man→men男人;woman→women女人; 2.單復(fù)數(shù)相同:“羊魚小鹿無變化,單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)是一家”
eg:sheep→sheep綿羊;fish→fish魚;deer→deer鹿;
3.不規(guī)則變化:child→children孩子;mouse→mice老鼠;
4“某國(guó)人”的復(fù)數(shù)有三種類型: 口訣“中日不變,英法變,其它S加后邊”
(1)Chinese, Japanese單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)同形,不需加s;
1(2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman復(fù)數(shù)要把 man 變?yōu)閙en;
(3)其他各國(guó)人以–an,-ian收尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians, Germans 5.一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people, shoes, glasses, gloves, shorts, clothes, socks 6.代詞的復(fù)數(shù): It, he, she →they;I→we;you→you;this→these;that→those
二.不可數(shù)名詞:
⒈不可數(shù)名詞概念:不可以數(shù)出數(shù)目的名詞叫做不可數(shù)名詞。
⒉不可數(shù)名詞特點(diǎn):
⑴不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不能與a, an及數(shù)詞連用,常作單數(shù)看待。
例: water
There’s some water in the bottle.food
My favourite food is noodles.⑵不可數(shù)名詞如表數(shù)量,常和a bottle of, a glass of a pieces of 等名詞詞組連用。如表示復(fù)數(shù),只把量詞改為復(fù)數(shù)。
例:a bottle of pop一瓶汽水 , two glasses of orange juice 兩杯桔子汁,three cups of tea 三杯茶,a piece of paper一張紙
⑶有些物質(zhì)名詞有時(shí)可數(shù),有時(shí)不可數(shù),要根據(jù)上下文決定,其意義也有所不同。
Glass(玻璃)glasses(眼鏡)
⑷集體名詞看作整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);指成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
His family is a large family.His family like animals.指整體
指成員
⑸有的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同:
例:hair 和fruit 通常作單數(shù),表示總體。My hair is black.我的頭發(fā)是黑色的。I like fruit.It’s good for you.我喜歡水果,水果對(duì)你的身體有好處。
但如果表示若干根頭發(fā)或各種水果,則需用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Danny has three hairs.丹尼有三根頭發(fā)。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits.他喜歡梨,桃和其它水果。