第一篇：托福、GRE、托業(yè)、BEC介紹

GRE和TOFEL都是由美國(guó)教育考試服務(wù)處(Educational Testing Service，簡(jiǎn)稱ETS)主辦。

GRE（全稱Graduate Record Examinations）為北美研究生入學(xué)考試，適用于除法律與商業(yè)外的各專(zhuān)業(yè)。GRE是美加大學(xué)各類(lèi)研究生院(除管理類(lèi)學(xué)院，法學(xué)院)要求申請(qǐng)者所必須具備的一個(gè)考試成績(jī)，也是教授對(duì)申請(qǐng)者是否授予獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金所依據(jù)的最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

GRE考試分兩種：一是一般能力或稱傾向性測(cè)驗(yàn)(General test或Aptitude Test)；二是專(zhuān)業(yè)測(cè)驗(yàn)或稱高級(jí)測(cè)驗(yàn)(Subject Test或Advanced Test)。GRE普通考試是申請(qǐng)研究生入學(xué)的必要考試，申請(qǐng)法律或商業(yè)學(xué)研究生以LSAT或GMAT替代GRE普通考試。目前美國(guó)大學(xué)在成績(jī)替代上比以往要求松些。許多學(xué)校是可以提供GRE普通考試或GMAT考試成績(jī)的任何一種作為商業(yè)類(lèi)研究生應(yīng)提供的成績(jī)，法律研究生亦有以GRE普通考試成績(jī)替代LSAT成績(jī)的。

GRE General考試主要是考察應(yīng)試人的基本英語(yǔ)能力以及對(duì)英文方面知識(shí)所涉及的廣度和深度。成績(jī)5年內(nèi)有效。普通GRE考試（GRE General），也就是大部分中國(guó)學(xué)生參加的GRE考試。但申請(qǐng)研究生專(zhuān)業(yè)與申請(qǐng)人本科專(zhuān)業(yè)不一致的申請(qǐng)人，是需要提供專(zhuān)項(xiàng)GRE成績(jī)的。例如A君在中國(guó)獲得某大學(xué)物理專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)士學(xué)位，希望到美國(guó)改讀經(jīng)濟(jì)碩士學(xué)位（Master of Arts in Economics），那么就需要提供GRE經(jīng)濟(jì)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)考試成績(jī)，如果希望改讀生化碩士學(xué)位，就需要提供GRE生化專(zhuān)項(xiàng)成績(jī)。如果本科所學(xué)習(xí)的專(zhuān)業(yè)與申請(qǐng)研究生專(zhuān)業(yè)相同，一般不必提供專(zhuān)項(xiàng)成績(jī)。

GRE普通考試需時(shí)三個(gè)小時(shí)，共六個(gè)部分，全部為選擇題，不實(shí)行答錯(cuò)倒扣分的方法。六部分的考試內(nèi)容有兩部分屬于語(yǔ)文項(xiàng)（Verbal）,兩部分屬于數(shù)學(xué)項(xiàng)（Quantitative）,兩部分屬于分析項(xiàng)（Analysis）,每一項(xiàng)滿分為800分，三項(xiàng)滿分為2400分。

GRE到底應(yīng)該考多少分？普通美國(guó)大學(xué)：1100分以上； 獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)：1200~1300分； TOP50美國(guó)大學(xué)：1300分以上。TOEFL到底應(yīng)該考多少分？申請(qǐng)美國(guó)大學(xué)：85分以上； 申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金：85~95分； TOP50美國(guó)大學(xué)：95分以上。

TOFEL考試是為赴美國(guó)、加拿大等國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家學(xué)生提供的英語(yǔ)能力考試，在我國(guó)每年舉行四次，大約每三個(gè)月一次。

在美國(guó)和加拿大有2,000多所高等學(xué)校，都以英語(yǔ)為教學(xué)語(yǔ)言，要求非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家學(xué)生入學(xué)前應(yīng)先在本國(guó)參加TOEFL考試。由每個(gè)學(xué)校自行決定錄取分?jǐn)?shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。目前，美國(guó)和加拿大的多數(shù)院校都要求TOEFL成績(jī)達(dá)到550分以上，不同專(zhuān)業(yè)的分?jǐn)?shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)略有上下。TOEFL考試成績(jī)兩年內(nèi)有效，一般應(yīng)在對(duì)外聯(lián)系學(xué)校前半年就報(bào)考。學(xué)校在得到考生的TOEFL成績(jī)后，結(jié)合其它入學(xué)要求作出錄取與否的決定。TOEFL考試是全世界適用范圍最廣的考試之一，除澳大利亞外的所有英語(yǔ)國(guó)家都將TOEFL考試成績(jī)作為申請(qǐng)本科、碩士和博士入學(xué)的必備成績(jī)之一。具體而言，TOEFL成績(jī)廣泛適用于美國(guó)、加拿大、英國(guó)、法國(guó)、德國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭、新西蘭、新加坡、日本、比利時(shí)、荷蘭、丹麥、芬蘭、挪威、奧地利、南非、香港等國(guó)家和地區(qū)的留學(xué)申請(qǐng)。

IELTS適用于前往英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家如英國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞、新西蘭、新加坡等國(guó)發(fā)展的人士，加、澳、新等國(guó)都將雅思作為移民英語(yǔ)水平考核的惟一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而這些國(guó)家的不同院校則也把雅思成績(jī)作為錄取留學(xué)人員的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。香港也承認(rèn)雅思。

IELTS 共分聽(tīng)力、閱讀、寫(xiě)作和口語(yǔ)四個(gè)部分，考試時(shí)間為2小時(shí)45分鐘，而移民類(lèi)與留學(xué)類(lèi)只是在閱讀和寫(xiě)作兩個(gè)單項(xiàng)上有區(qū)別，在口試與聽(tīng)力上則采取同樣的題目。雅思考試聽(tīng)力、閱讀、寫(xiě)作、口語(yǔ)的四部分中，每部分的滿分都是9分，最低分是0分，其中，聽(tīng)力和閱讀部分按照答對(duì)題目的數(shù)量評(píng)分，允許有0.5分，而寫(xiě)作和口語(yǔ)則只有整數(shù)分，一般應(yīng)

考到6或6.5以上，有效期2年。

GMAT（全稱Graduate Management Admission Test）是國(guó)外工商管理碩士MBA入學(xué)考試。

TOEIC(Test of English for International Communication，簡(jiǎn)稱TOEIC)，中文翻譯為“國(guó)際交流英語(yǔ)測(cè)評(píng)”，俗稱“托業(yè)考試”。TOEIC考試內(nèi)容由聽(tīng)力和閱讀兩大部分組成，共200道試題，分聽(tīng)力、語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)句改錯(cuò)、閱讀四類(lèi)。滿分990分，應(yīng)在860以上最好。TOEIC主要用于測(cè)試應(yīng)試者在國(guó)際商業(yè)、貿(mào)易環(huán)境中使用英語(yǔ)的熟練程度?？荚囉袆e于側(cè)重學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境中英語(yǔ)使用能力的考試。由于TOEIC考試運(yùn)用于商業(yè)環(huán)境，因此有著“商業(yè)托?！钡拿雷u(yù)。目前TOEIC考試已被全球50多個(gè)國(guó)家的4000余家國(guó)際企業(yè)定為國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。該考試是日本政府委托美國(guó)ETS為其度身定制的，因此在日資企業(yè)具有很高的權(quán)威性，被作為招聘、提拔員工時(shí)的英語(yǔ)能力考核指標(biāo)。最近幾年，許多韓資企業(yè)也開(kāi)始認(rèn)可TOEIC成績(jī)。有效期一般2年。適用人群：想通過(guò)考試提高商務(wù)英語(yǔ)能力者，特別是已在或打算進(jìn)入日資、韓資企業(yè)工作者。

BEC劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)水平考試(BUSINESS ENGLISH CERTIFICATE，簡(jiǎn)稱BEC)是我國(guó)教育部考試中心和英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)考試委員會(huì)合作推出的水平考試，每年5月、6月、11月、12月開(kāi)考，分為初級(jí)、中級(jí)和高級(jí)三個(gè)等級(jí)，從聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四個(gè)方面考查考生在一般工作環(huán)境下和商務(wù)活動(dòng)中使用英語(yǔ)的能力，各部分均為30分，滿分120分。BEC考試分兩個(gè)階段進(jìn)行。第一階段為筆試，包括閱讀、寫(xiě)作和聽(tīng)力，第二階段為口試。著重考察考生在商務(wù)辦公環(huán)境下的英語(yǔ)溝通能力。BEC證書(shū)是出國(guó)留學(xué)和進(jìn)入外企的“通行證”。BEC在英國(guó)、英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家及歐洲大多數(shù)國(guó)家，獲得工商界的普遍認(rèn)可，并得到國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)百家外資企業(yè)的認(rèn)可，有“外企綠卡”的美譽(yù)。BEC初、中、高級(jí)成績(jī)可替代雅思3、5、7級(jí)成績(jī)，是全球160多所大學(xué)入學(xué)語(yǔ)言能力的證明。一般終生有效。

托福，雅思，GRE和GMAT都是出國(guó)留學(xué)的考試，BEC 和TOEIC主要用于職場(chǎng)工作。托福、GRE、GMAT和TOEIC都是由美國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)的，而雅思和BEC則是由英國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)的。

第二篇：托業(yè)總結(jié)

新東方托業(yè)990的那本單詞書(shū)不錯(cuò)，要拿高分，上面的單詞必須要認(rèn)識(shí)。新東方托業(yè)990詞匯那本說(shuō)，絕對(duì)是雞肋，強(qiáng)烈建議不要買(mǎi)。

剛考完托業(yè)，雖然剛過(guò)900，但是考完以后還是有很多心得的?？记霸诖蠹揖W(wǎng)上看了很多人分享的資料和考試心得，大為受用。

所以，現(xiàn)在也把我個(gè)人關(guān)于托業(yè)的各種經(jīng)驗(yàn)全部整理如下，希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助。下面貼出一部分，想看整篇文章的請(qǐng)回復(fù)后下載。

托業(yè)的基本常識(shí)和考托業(yè)有什么用，我就不介紹了，想了解的可以上網(wǎng)搜一下。做完一套模擬型有個(gè)大致了解之后，再看我這篇攻略會(huì)比較好。我這里主要從備考策略，各題型解題技巧，考場(chǎng)面來(lái)談?wù)勍袠I(yè)考試的心得。

推薦書(shū)：

Lin Lougheed主編 科學(xué)出版社 新托業(yè)官方全真模擬（4套題）

Grant Trew主編 外研社 新托業(yè)考試官方指南標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試卷（2套題）韓國(guó)YBM公司主編 人大出版 新托業(yè)全真模擬試題集（6套題）

新托業(yè)全真模擬試題集 2（6套題）韓國(guó)YBM公司主編 機(jī)械工程出版社 新托業(yè)題庫(kù)本領(lǐng)書(shū)（5套題）PS： 1.托業(yè)與托福不同，沒(méi)有真正的official guide，以上幾本書(shū)雖然都說(shuō)自己是官方的，但其實(shí)并非版。托業(yè)也沒(méi)有歷年真題，只有模擬題。

2.因?yàn)閺?7年開(kāi)始實(shí)行“新托業(yè)考試”，所以大家買(mǎi)書(shū)的時(shí)候一定要買(mǎi)寫(xiě)有“新托業(yè)”字樣的書(shū)，一業(yè)”的書(shū)都是舊托業(yè)考試的書(shū)。（或者通過(guò)看是否是07年以后出版來(lái)判斷是否為新托業(yè)輔導(dǎo)書(shū)）3.前三本書(shū)全是模擬題。最后一本新托業(yè)題庫(kù)本領(lǐng)書(shū)前半部分是聽(tīng)力技巧和必考語(yǔ)法20條詳解，后套模擬題。

4.YBM公司出的托業(yè)書(shū)都是幾個(gè)韓國(guó)人編的，但已經(jīng)翻譯成中文了，這個(gè)大家不用擔(dān)心。

5.推薦以上幾本是因?yàn)榭傮w來(lái)說(shuō)這幾本書(shū)難度和考試比較接近（稍微難一點(diǎn)）。做模擬題遠(yuǎn)比做單項(xiàng)解題技巧要有效得多。6.強(qiáng)烈建議大家不要買(mǎi)韓國(guó)人主編，人大出版的新托業(yè)聽(tīng)力、閱讀、語(yǔ)法和詞匯詳解及實(shí)戰(zhàn)試題這三然有很多人推薦，但個(gè)人認(rèn)為這幾本書(shū)難度都很高，確切地說(shuō)題目都出得很變態(tài)。這些題與托業(yè)考符，做多了不僅浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而且擾亂思路。很多人覺(jué)得這幾本書(shū)關(guān)于解題技巧的講解很好，我基本遍，表面上很有道理，真正考試時(shí)能用上的很少。我把我覺(jué)得書(shū)中有用的技巧還有時(shí)間安排都穿插略里了，所以只要買(mǎi)韓國(guó)人編的模擬卷就行，難度設(shè)置還比較好。（就是上面列的第三，第四本）7.還有就是由Lin Lougheed主編，科學(xué)出版社還出版了《新托業(yè)官方指南》（1）、（2）、（3），難度依次遞增的書(shū)，但即使是最難的那本也想當(dāng)弱智，對(duì)于深諳考試之道的中國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，根本沒(méi)只要買(mǎi)他編的模擬題就好。（就是第一本）

8.第一本和第二本書(shū)答案講解是全英文的，所以語(yǔ)法部分可能講得不是很清楚。想強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)法的同學(xué)可本和第四本，答案是中文的，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)分析得比較清楚。

文章，不管怎樣都獲得了一些有用的信息和啟發(fā)。分?jǐn)?shù)也不牛逼，準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間也不短，但希望可以對(duì)于像我一樣底子薄弱的人可以有些幫助。

還有一點(diǎn)要說(shuō)明，這篇文章里說(shuō)的大部分內(nèi)容都是針對(duì)應(yīng)試的，這樣去學(xué)習(xí)，主要目的就是為了考試，并不能從根本上幫助你增長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)水品。所以有時(shí)間的同學(xué)還是建議你們每天花點(diǎn)時(shí)間，日積月累的，真真提高英語(yǔ)水品。

好了，言歸正傳。我用的教材是人大的閱讀，聽(tīng)力，6套模擬題。

首先說(shuō)下聽(tīng)力吧，我第一次做托業(yè)聽(tīng)力的時(shí)候大概錯(cuò)了30個(gè)，有點(diǎn)郁悶，但并沒(méi)在意，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)半年完全沒(méi)看英語(yǔ)了，所以這個(gè)結(jié)果也算情理之中，因?yàn)楸旧淼鬃泳筒缓谩?/p>

我當(dāng)時(shí)是這樣聽(tīng)的，早上按考試時(shí)間聽(tīng)一篇，然后對(duì)答案，下午的時(shí)候精聽(tīng)，把每個(gè)單詞，每個(gè)句子都聽(tīng)懂，然后過(guò)2到3天，找一個(gè)晚上的時(shí)間脫離題目，再把聽(tīng)力原文聽(tīng)一次。每套題都是這樣循環(huán)。

下面說(shuō)下聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中要重點(diǎn)注意的問(wèn)題： 1．

不管你開(kāi)始的時(shí)候一篇文章做完之后錯(cuò)多少個(gè)，你一定要有信心，因?yàn)榻?jīng)過(guò)將近一個(gè)月的時(shí)間，你的聽(tīng)力水平肯定是可以提高的，所以一定要有信心。并且經(jīng)過(guò)我參加考試后的經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，真題的聽(tīng)力并不難，也可以說(shuō)很簡(jiǎn)單。

2．關(guān)于精聽(tīng)過(guò)程中的問(wèn)題，有些地方聽(tīng)不懂，我不會(huì)反復(fù)聽(tīng)很多次，基本上我最多聽(tīng)5次，如果還是聽(tīng)不懂，我會(huì)放棄聽(tīng)懂這個(gè)單詞，而是把這個(gè)沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂的單詞或詞組的發(fā)音記下來(lái)，這點(diǎn)應(yīng)該不難吧，大家的聽(tīng)力都沒(méi)問(wèn)題，肯定能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，能模仿。為什么要這么做呢？因?yàn)楹髞?lái)我發(fā)現(xiàn)托業(yè)考試是一個(gè)針對(duì)性很強(qiáng)的考試，他不會(huì)像cet6那樣，什么樣的內(nèi)容都涉及到，大部分都是一些基本的商務(wù)上的，公司里的用語(yǔ)，所以重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的單詞或詞組的概率很大。針對(duì)這些沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂的地方，你把發(fā)音記下來(lái)，就相當(dāng)于在你腦子里留了一個(gè)印象，留下了一個(gè)痕跡，但下次再出現(xiàn)這個(gè)詞的時(shí)候，就可以條件反射的得到漢語(yǔ)意思。如果你沒(méi)這么做，那么可能遇到這樣情形，你在考試的時(shí)候聽(tīng)到這個(gè)詞了，你思考了幾秒鐘想起來(lái)了這個(gè)詞的意思，但這個(gè)時(shí)候聽(tīng)力還在照常進(jìn)行，你之后的幾秒鐘的聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容缺被忽略了，嚴(yán)重影響答題。所以平時(shí)在練習(xí)的時(shí)候，一定要注意積累這樣的盲點(diǎn)，前面說(shuō)到的晚上復(fù)習(xí)聽(tīng)力的階段，也是為了重溫盲點(diǎn)，掃除盲點(diǎn)。

3．Part 1和Part 3比較簡(jiǎn)單（個(gè)人認(rèn)為，練習(xí)到后來(lái)的感覺(jué)），所以講下針對(duì)part 2 和part 4的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

其中，p2的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主要是從人大教材上學(xué)來(lái)的，感覺(jué)還可以，雖然有些東西肯定用不到，但說(shuō)了總比沒(méi)說(shuō)強(qiáng)，所以可以去看下人大教材里的講解。說(shuō)下考試經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我在考試中，第一道題沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，輕敵了，所以嚴(yán)重影響了后面幾部分的考試，所以大家可以從中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)：從第一道題開(kāi)始就鼓足精神，認(rèn)真去聽(tīng)；如果有聽(tīng)不懂的，千萬(wàn)要放棄，不能為了一棵樹(shù)放棄一片森林，千萬(wàn)要放棄，在練習(xí)的時(shí)候可以練習(xí)放棄--。

P4的話書(shū)上說(shuō)什么不用選原文出現(xiàn)的答案，要選同意變換的，其實(shí)我覺(jué)得不然，其實(shí)到后來(lái)，有些p4的文章，我也是聽(tīng)不懂，但基本都能選對(duì)，我總結(jié)了下，為什么會(huì)有這個(gè)效果，第一個(gè)原因就是在聽(tīng)原文的時(shí)候，一定要注意從整體把握，大概明白文章在說(shuō)什么，還一定要注意說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣，有的時(shí)候一些題目完全可以從說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣中選出正確答案；第二就是可以采用“2點(diǎn)確定一條直線的”的方法。具體是這樣的，在做文章之前，爭(zhēng)取先看一下題目，找到題干跟選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞，在聽(tīng)原文的過(guò)程中，注意聽(tīng)提干的關(guān)鍵詞，在這個(gè)詞的前后，如果出現(xiàn)了選項(xiàng)里的關(guān)鍵詞，那正確答案基本就是這個(gè)選項(xiàng)了，個(gè)人覺(jué)得這個(gè)辦法很好用，特別是在不能完全聽(tīng)懂文章的時(shí)候，大家可以嘗試著去感受一下。（以上這些方法同樣適用于p3，至于p1的方法，人大教材里已經(jīng)說(shuō)的很具體了，大家自己體會(huì)吧）

4.還有一點(diǎn)也說(shuō)下吧，就是一定要提前看聽(tīng)力原文，我是按照人大教材介紹的順序去看，感覺(jué)還可以。有些地方可以利用的，比如發(fā)下卷子之后，雖然卷子是封的，但你可以從底下掀起來(lái)看到最下面的題，也會(huì)幫你省時(shí)間，老師是不會(huì)管的，只要你別直接撕開(kāi)。還有就是，做每套題的時(shí)候，要嚴(yán)格按照考試的時(shí)間來(lái)做，每次都認(rèn)真對(duì)待，集中注意力快速掃題干跟選項(xiàng)，平時(shí)注意練習(xí)，這個(gè)能力也是可以提高的，比如只看題干的第一個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞，大寫(xiě)的詞，跟時(shí)間等，選項(xiàng)中前半部分重復(fù)的地方，就掠過(guò)，不要讀，記住不要讀，因?yàn)橹笆窃谟醚劬?，而不是讀，讀的話浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，用眼睛跟腦子掃，完全可以達(dá)到預(yù)期效果。（這些練習(xí)題的聽(tīng)力題干跟選項(xiàng)普遍偏長(zhǎng)，所以大家在練習(xí)的時(shí)候如果讀不完也不要緊，只要你用心去練了，可以集中的讀，考試的時(shí)候一定可以讀完）5.聽(tīng)力差的人考前前20天建議每天都聽(tīng)2套題左右，這樣可以讓耳朵熟悉，很管用。

下面說(shuō)下閱讀部分：

每天上午對(duì)完聽(tīng)力答案之后，按考試時(shí)間做一套閱讀，上午有時(shí)間的話可以對(duì)對(duì)答案，如果沒(méi)時(shí)間就等下午精聽(tīng)聽(tīng)力后，認(rèn)真分析錯(cuò)題。

1．我看過(guò)幾篇人大語(yǔ)法跟詞匯的書(shū)，但到真正考試的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)part5 6 很簡(jiǎn)單，不像練習(xí)里的那么難，所以大家可以考慮不用看那個(gè)書(shū)，因?yàn)樘y了，沒(méi)用，反倒浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。不過(guò)你可以看下那本書(shū)之前的講解，跟最后的一部分，叫什么“20天突破什么的”難度還可以，如果你底子不錯(cuò)，完全可以不看那本書(shū)，只需要把模擬題的p5 6弄明白就行。這兩部分要拿滿分很難，但想丟太多分也同樣很難。

2．關(guān)于p7,真正的考試也很簡(jiǎn)單，但模擬題里的文章有點(diǎn)難了，而且有些分析的跟放屁一樣，完全沒(méi)作用，有的分析讓你莫不著頭腦，所以在做閱讀那本書(shū)的時(shí)候，大家不用太較真，可以把那本書(shū)當(dāng)做一個(gè)練習(xí)時(shí)間的書(shū)，有些問(wèn)題錯(cuò)了，看了講解之后還不懂的話，就可以不用管他了。但做模擬題的那6套的時(shí)候，希望你可以弄懂每一道錯(cuò)題，要知道為什么錯(cuò)了，怎么錯(cuò)的，正確答案跟錯(cuò)誤答案之間有什么區(qū)別，正確答案是怎么被隱藏的等等。久而久之，就能有很大的提升。

3．在練習(xí)閱讀的過(guò)程中，有時(shí)間的話可以把一些生詞記下來(lái)，每天復(fù)習(xí)一下前面幾天的單詞，循環(huán)下去。個(gè)人覺(jué)得這個(gè)考試不用單獨(dú)去花時(shí)間背單詞，只需要把做過(guò)的題中的生詞有選擇的記下來(lái)就可以了。

4．我在練習(xí)的時(shí)候，幾乎每次都有一些題明明會(huì)，但就是選錯(cuò)了，分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)，基本這樣的題多是出現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)把整篇文章看完就選擇的情況下，所以針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我以后不管文章長(zhǎng)短，簡(jiǎn)單或是難，我都把文章看完，這樣做可以讓你至少少錯(cuò)2到3個(gè)題目。特別是最后的double reading 一定要看完文章，做題速度還可以的話，一定要看完每篇文章。

5．從練習(xí)開(kāi)始，每次都要嚴(yán)格控制時(shí)間，留出5-10分鐘涂卡，特別是在冬天，沒(méi)暖氣的考場(chǎng)里涂卡是挺浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的，不過(guò)大家也別太擔(dān)心，真正考試比模擬題簡(jiǎn)單，考試的時(shí)候我提前20多分鐘就答完了。所以大家一定要有信心。

Ok，說(shuō)了那么多，可能有點(diǎn)亂，因?yàn)槭堑谝淮螌?xiě)這樣的東西，加上本來(lái)自身的文學(xué)修養(yǎng)就不夠，所以還請(qǐng)大家見(jiàn)諒。

再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)幾點(diǎn)，模擬題比真題難，可以說(shuō)難的多，所以你們一定要有信息；每次練習(xí)都要做到3點(diǎn)：控制時(shí)間；全神貫注；認(rèn)真總結(jié)。

好了，就寫(xiě)到這吧，因?yàn)槭前雮€(gè)月前考的，現(xiàn)在有點(diǎn)忘了，等想起來(lái)什么再補(bǔ)充。大家有什么問(wèn)題可以留言，我會(huì)盡量回復(fù)。（感覺(jué)針對(duì)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單、很多人裸考的考試寫(xiě)這么多有點(diǎn)尷尬，沒(méi)辦法，誰(shuí)讓我底子差，誰(shuí)讓我不是牛人呢--）CDAEECACEE 5.29剛考完，在論壇也算混了半個(gè)多月了，雖然復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)間很短，但是還是把自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享給大家。首先說(shuō)明下，已經(jīng)放下英語(yǔ)三年多了，這次由于一位朋友熱情推薦同時(shí)覺(jué)得自己也要回顧下英語(yǔ)，所以才臨時(shí)抱佛腳突擊了一下考試。覺(jué)得論壇的內(nèi)容還是很多的，基本囊括所有市面上的復(fù)習(xí)資料了，而且種類(lèi)頗多，同學(xué)們可以多多利用。由于復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)間不是很長(zhǎng)，所以總共也沒(méi)做很多題目。因此推薦的數(shù)目?jī)H僅是自己做過(guò)的，如果大家覺(jué)得有更好的選擇可以不拘泥于此。

總體來(lái)說(shuō)，考試的難易程度和新托業(yè)官方指南標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試卷相當(dāng)，所以，大家可以根據(jù)此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)作為復(fù)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)。

首先，聽(tīng)力部分。平時(shí)一定要多聽(tīng)，堅(jiān)持45分鐘不間斷得做題，即使過(guò)程中碰到不會(huì)或者沒(méi)聽(tīng)清楚的題目也不要多想，題目和題目之間的間隔時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)，不足以讓你把思路理清，也不足以負(fù)擔(dān)一個(gè)開(kāi)小差的時(shí)間，所以一定要專(zhuān)心也要學(xué)會(huì)放棄。堅(jiān)持在讀direction的時(shí)間里看PART3/4的題目，看懂題目和問(wèn)題對(duì)于后面正式的做題有很重大的意義。如果做《新托業(yè)官方指南標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試卷》的聽(tīng)力很少有問(wèn)題的話，那可以嘗試論壇里的《新托業(yè)聽(tīng)力詳解及實(shí)戰(zhàn)試題》，這本包含14套的聽(tīng)力試題，不過(guò)難度較大，適合希望聽(tīng)力能考高分的同學(xué)嘗試，而且書(shū)前面關(guān)于聽(tīng)力時(shí)間的規(guī)劃安排還是講的蠻合理的，可以借鑒。如果覺(jué)得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷只有兩套太少，還可以做人大版的《SUPERB ELITE2》，這個(gè)難易程度也和考試差不多。其次，詞匯與語(yǔ)法題。這部分我由于很生疏，所以算練得比較多了（建議在20分鐘以內(nèi)完成）。我一共做了《新托業(yè)官方指南標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試卷》、《SUPERB ELITE2》（就是那個(gè)人大版的）、《新托業(yè)全真題庫(kù)PART5、6》、《新托業(yè)語(yǔ)法和詞匯詳解及實(shí)戰(zhàn)試題》中的大部分題目。考試程度和第一本書(shū)類(lèi)似，可能更低一點(diǎn)（不過(guò)這也不一定，看到有論壇同學(xué)說(shuō)考試是一年簡(jiǎn)單一年難的，不清楚?。?，后三本書(shū)適合想提高的同學(xué)，雖然最后我也沒(méi)有背每本書(shū)后面的附錄詞匯，但是我認(rèn)為如果真的有同學(xué)認(rèn)真背完詞匯的話，基本可以藐視PART5/6的題目了。

然后，閱讀部分。在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候一定要嚴(yán)格控制時(shí)間，每次練習(xí)都要控制在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成（很多參考書(shū)都推薦在50分鐘內(nèi)完成）這樣在正式考試時(shí)才不會(huì)手忙腳亂。我認(rèn)為這次的考試閱讀還是比官方指南的樣題難點(diǎn)的，程度和《SUPERB ELITE2》差不多（不過(guò)這只是個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)），所以建議平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)以《SUPERB ELITE2》和《新托業(yè)全真題庫(kù)PART7》為主，這個(gè)我認(rèn)為有較大參考性。論壇里還有《新托業(yè)閱讀詳解及實(shí)戰(zhàn)試題》，這個(gè)只建議想考高分的同學(xué)稍微練習(xí)，難度有點(diǎn)大，很多題目都要繞幾個(gè)彎。我一開(kāi)始復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)沒(méi)注意，做了大概13套吧，每套題錯(cuò)誤量都有點(diǎn)大，喪失信心啊，后來(lái)看了論壇里一位同學(xué)分享的經(jīng)驗(yàn)才恍然大悟，轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)其他參考資料。

最后，推薦《新托業(yè)官方指南標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試卷》（這個(gè)雖然答案也是全英文，但是都能看懂）、《SUPERB ELITE2》（1沒(méi)來(lái)得及做，不過(guò)看論壇里有同學(xué)說(shuō)程度和2差不多，有時(shí)間的同學(xué)可以做一下；論壇里2的版本有幾份缺頁(yè)，不過(guò)不是太影響）、《新托業(yè)全真題庫(kù)》（雖然里面的插圖有點(diǎn)傻，不過(guò)還是有很詳細(xì)的答題分析說(shuō)明；這本書(shū)里面還有專(zhuān)門(mén)的考試概率分析，不過(guò)個(gè)人覺(jué)得不是很有作用）、《新托業(yè)聽(tīng)力/語(yǔ)法和詞匯/閱讀詳解及實(shí)戰(zhàn)試題》（這個(gè)僅僅是推薦那些想考很高分的同學(xué)，畢竟這套書(shū)的難度有點(diǎn)大）。

以上僅僅是個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，給大家一個(gè)參考，享用了論壇資源這么久，希望自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)軌驇偷胶竺娴耐瑢W(xué)吧~~~ 495+430=925 杯具的PartⅡ

認(rèn)認(rèn)真真準(zhǔn)備三天的成績(jī) 還算說(shuō)得過(guò)去吧 本來(lái)打算考滿分的

PS 一點(diǎn)炫耀的成分都沒(méi)有 個(gè)人的追求和要求不一樣 本人四級(jí)裸考595 六級(jí)裸考550 英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)本身不弱

準(zhǔn)備的過(guò)程中只練習(xí)了聽(tīng)力（因?yàn)槁?tīng)力自從上大學(xué)后基本沒(méi)練過(guò)

目前研究生

課題經(jīng)常閱讀英文文獻(xiàn) 所以覺(jué)得閱讀沒(méi)有問(wèn)題 結(jié)果 杯具了）

第一天 初次接觸托業(yè)聽(tīng)力 個(gè)人感覺(jué) 發(fā)音帶點(diǎn)口音 信息量很大 錯(cuò)率非常高

十道題錯(cuò)8道

信心倍受打擊

但是 考試在即 別無(wú)他法 只得硬著頭皮前進(jìn)

用書(shū)為本論壇下載《聽(tīng)力本領(lǐng)全書(shū)》 該書(shū)聽(tīng)力部分口音較重 需要仔細(xì)、認(rèn)真鉆研

一不留神主要信息就錯(cuò)過(guò)了

有時(shí) 反復(fù)聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆檫€是聽(tīng)不出其中連讀 弱讀 略讀的部分

所以個(gè)人感覺(jué)這本書(shū)對(duì)聽(tīng)力的提高非常有幫助

使用時(shí)一定要認(rèn)真對(duì)待

同時(shí) 里面還有一些小技巧 特別是針對(duì)聽(tīng)力的Part1 比如 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

第二天

新托業(yè)考試指南（3）難度+++ Lin Lougheed編 機(jī)械出版社

這本書(shū)也是論壇中下載

個(gè)人感覺(jué)非常簡(jiǎn)單

聽(tīng)力非常清晰

口音不重 基本沒(méi)有

所以對(duì)聽(tīng)力的提高不大

只選擇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話做練習(xí)其他的舍掉

《題庫(kù)本領(lǐng)書(shū)》

聽(tīng)力部分與《聽(tīng)力本領(lǐng)書(shū)》風(fēng)格一致

提高不少

第三天

模擬題 韓國(guó)人寫(xiě)的共做4套聽(tīng)力

聽(tīng)完 本領(lǐng)書(shū)上的聽(tīng)力再來(lái)聽(tīng)這本書(shū)后 頓時(shí)感覺(jué)神清氣爽 緊鎖的眉頭終于展開(kāi)

這模擬題一共有兩本書(shū) 共12套

個(gè)人認(rèn)為這兩本書(shū)上的聽(tīng)力與實(shí)際考試中的聽(tīng)力相似

發(fā)音、語(yǔ)速方面基本無(wú)差

最重要的一點(diǎn)

聽(tīng)力時(shí)一定不要分心 45+分鐘的時(shí)間一定要集中精力和注意力

訓(xùn)練的不僅是聽(tīng)力水平

還要訓(xùn)練自己的注意力和精力

2個(gè)小時(shí)200道題目對(duì)人的耐心、精力都是一種挑戰(zhàn)，如果你在平日訓(xùn)練的過(guò)程中能夠堅(jiān)持下來(lái)甚至在做完一整套題目之后還能心平氣和不煩不燥

那么你離成功不遠(yuǎn)了！

這三天對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是高強(qiáng)度的訓(xùn)練

除了睡覺(jué)、吃飯之外 耳朵上一直掛著耳機(jī)

除了英語(yǔ)就是英語(yǔ)

沒(méi)有其他

所以心里難免生出厭煩

可是想到那將近四百塊錢(qián)

別的同學(xué)提早準(zhǔn)備 再想到別人的高分 即使再煩還是要做！

在練習(xí)的過(guò)程中

我通常以一上午、一下午為單位來(lái)計(jì)算自己精力集中的時(shí)間，所以就鍛煉出考試當(dāng)天的堅(jiān)持和高度精力集中?？纪曛笠恢狈咐В挛邕€有家教。晚上十點(diǎn)挨到床上就睡了，很累。

建議同學(xué)們不要像我一樣臨時(shí)抱佛腳，高強(qiáng)度沖刺身體會(huì)受不了的。我的體質(zhì)本來(lái)就屬于易上火的，考試當(dāng)天眼睛出麥粒腫 又疼又癢 現(xiàn)在還腫著呢。而且 英語(yǔ)本來(lái)就是需要積累 堅(jiān)持練習(xí)的。

寫(xiě)這個(gè)只是給大家單純的推薦幾本書(shū)，無(wú)他。

第三篇：托業(yè)詞匯

TOEIC Vocabulary-Ads for Job occupation 職位 vacancy 空位

business office 辦公室 pay 待遇 leave 休假

head office 總公司 branch office 分公司 sales department 業(yè)務(wù)部

accounting department 會(huì)計(jì)部 promotion 升遷 demotion 降級(jí)

sign up 簽雇用合約 dismissal 解雇 president 董事長(zhǎng)

general manager 總經(jīng)理 supervisor 總管

a letter of recommendation 推薦信 bonus 分紅 commute 通勤

Applications must arrive no later than 申請(qǐng)函必須在……之前到達(dá)

Applications should be postmarked no latter than 申請(qǐng)函上郵戳在……之前有效 inflation-linked pay increase 通貨膨脹連動(dòng)型調(diào)薪 is considered 是可考慮得 is preferred 認(rèn)為……比較好 is required 是必須的 is negotiable 是可商談的 labor management 勞工管理 labor market 勞工市場(chǎng)

Master of Business Administration 工商管理學(xué)碩士 names of reference 保證人 opening 空缺

part-time position 兼職工作 prior experience 過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷

renewable for only once 僅可延長(zhǎng)一次的合同 salary is competitive 高薪 transit 中轉(zhuǎn)

transportation 運(yùn)輸

the position is un-renewable 此職位無(wú)法延長(zhǎng)（合同）short-listed applicants 初審合格者 inter-office memo 公司內(nèi)部便條 billboard告示牌

TOEIC Vocabulary-Announcement & Information special offer 特賣(mài) fare change 價(jià)格變動(dòng)

arrival of a guest 貴賓來(lái)訪 across-the-broad 全盤(pán)的 admission fee 入場(chǎng)費(fèi) air fare 航空費(fèi)用 assembly 議會(huì)

attraction 吸引人之物 claim 主張 collapse 瓦解

condition 條件、狀況 current fare 現(xiàn)行價(jià)格

deficit-ridden 受舉債之苦的 evidence 證據(jù)

explicitly 明確指出地 fare hike 價(jià)格波動(dòng) warrant 權(quán)限

fare reduction 降價(jià) harbinger 預(yù)兆 implicitly 暗含的

inconclusively 味覺(jué)狀態(tài)的 water rates 水費(fèi)

provisional 暫時(shí)的=tentatively requirement 必要條件 reveal 損失，透露 room charge 住房費(fèi) scapegoat 替罪羊

TOEIC Vocabulary-Business Letters account 交易對(duì)象 close a deal 成交 make a contract 簽約 break a contract 毀約 exhibition 展示會(huì) presentation 發(fā)布會(huì) bilateral trade 雙邊貿(mào)易 car shipment 汽車(chē)出口 collapse 決裂 dumping 傾銷(xiāo) embargo 禁止通商 fiscal year 會(huì)計(jì)

gain compliance 獲得承認(rèn) grant 無(wú)償幫助

import duties 進(jìn)口關(guān)稅 make concession 讓步 margin 盈余 loss 損失

official statistics 官方統(tǒng)計(jì) quotations 報(bào)價(jià) references 照會(huì)對(duì)象 self-restraint 自我設(shè)限 terms 支付條款

trade deficit 貿(mào)易赤字 trade surplus 貿(mào)易盈余 untied loan 自由融資

World Trade Organization 世界貿(mào)易組織 telephone bill 電話賬單 TOEIC Vocabulary-Contract affiliation 附屬

annual wage increase 年薪調(diào)升 call for 要求

collective bargaining 集體交涉 contract 合同 convention 大會(huì) cooperation 合作 coordination 協(xié)調(diào) employee 雇員 employer 雇工 labor 勞工

labor accident 勞工災(zāi)害 labor contract 勞工合同 management 經(jīng)營(yíng)者

labor-management struggle 勞資斗爭(zhēng) penal regulation 懲罰規(guī)則 proposal 提議 protest 抗議

reach an agreement 達(dá)成協(xié)議 stage a strike 發(fā)起罷工 terms of contract 合同條款 wage 實(shí)施

the Japanese Trade Union Confederation 日本勞工團(tuán)體聯(lián)盟 the right to strike 罷工權(quán) the right to work 工作權(quán) wage dispute 薪金爭(zhēng)議 working hours 工作時(shí)間 TOEIC Vocabulary-Invitation write someone over 請(qǐng)人來(lái) thank-you note 致謝函

get-together 親朋好友的聚會(huì) cocktail party 以喝酒為主的聚會(huì) dress-up party 必須盛裝赴會(huì)的宴會(huì) acceptance speech（提名之）接受演說(shuō) after-dinner speech 餐后演說(shuō) award ceremony 頒獎(jiǎng)儀式 dedication 獻(xiàn)辭

deliver an address 發(fā)表演說(shuō)

express one's condolence over 悼念 farewell address 告別演說(shuō) inaugural ceremony 就職演說(shuō) nomination speech 提名演說(shuō) opening ceremony 開(kāi)幕儀式 party convention 當(dāng)大會(huì)

pay a tribute to 向……致贊美之詞 piano recital 鋼琴演奏會(huì) publication party 出版招待會(huì) wedding banquet 婚宴 welcome party 歡迎會(huì)

you're cordially invited to 竭誠(chéng)歡迎您的光臨 TOEIC Vocabulary-Newspaper Article action plan 行動(dòng)計(jì)劃

afterward-looking posture 后顧的姿態(tài) approve protocol 批準(zhǔn)協(xié)議書(shū) assume office 就任

bilateral trade 兩國(guó)間的貿(mào)易 coalition government 聯(lián)合政府 economic summit 經(jīng)濟(jì)峰會(huì)

forward-looking posture 前瞻的姿態(tài) in favor of 支持

incumbent president 現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng) interpellation 質(zhì)詢

itinerary 路線，日程表 launch 開(kāi)始

legal ground 法律依據(jù) mainstream faction 主流派 military buildup 增強(qiáng)軍備

multi-lateral relations 多邊關(guān)系 Diet 國(guó)會(huì)

news agency 新聞通訊社 opposition party 反對(duì)黨 public pledge 公開(kāi)宣言 resume talks 重開(kāi)會(huì)談 ruling party 執(zhí)政黨 run in election 參選 sectionalism 派系主義 trade friction貿(mào)易摩擦

troubleshooter 調(diào)解糾紛的人 withdraw 撤退，取錢(qián)

TOEIC Vocabulary-Sports Match baseball 棒球 football 美式足球 soccer 英式足球 tennis 網(wǎng)球 volleyball 排球 table tennis 乒乓球

swimming scuba diving 潛水 fishing 釣魚(yú) surfing 沖浪 sailing 帆船比賽 water-skiing 滑水 rowing 劃船 sledding 滑雪橇 skating 溜冰

horseback riding 騎馬 hiking 徒步旅行 arch rival 勁敵 contestant 選手

clear the qualifying round 通過(guò)預(yù)賽 dope 服興奮劑

consolation match to decide third place 決出第三名的安慰賽 doping check 藥物檢查 elimination 淘汰 the final round 決賽

hold a tournament 舉辦大會(huì) home-town 當(dāng)?shù)氐?make a reservation 預(yù)約 the opening game 開(kāi)場(chǎng)賽 pace settler 領(lǐng)跑者 play-off 加賽 preliminary 預(yù)賽

quarter finals 四分之一決賽 record-breaking 破紀(jì)錄的 runner-up 亞軍 seed 種子選手

season-ticket 賽季聯(lián)賽

secure the second place 得第二名 semifinals 半決賽

sports lottery 體育彩票

superpartisan support 超黨派支持 visitor 客隊(duì)

ticket agency 售票處 underdog 敗方

win the contest 獲勝 goalkeeper 守門(mén)員 defense 后衛(wèi) jersey 運(yùn)動(dòng)衫

TOEIC Vocabulary-Statistical Figures bank account balance 銀行的存款 real estate transaction 房地產(chǎn)交易 credit card 信用卡 utilities 水電氣費(fèi)

currency exchange 貨幣兌換 as long as 只要 as many as 多達(dá)

as much as 和……一樣多 checking account 活期存款 acute 敏銳的 affluent 豐富的

approval rating 支持率 be on the increase 增加中 death of 缺乏…… death toll 死亡人數(shù) fast fading 急速消失 hamper 阻礙，抑制

long-standing 經(jīng)年累月的 long-term 長(zhǎng)期的

money marketing account 利息高、每月開(kāi)支票數(shù)有限制的存款賬戶 mortgage 抵押

out of control 失去控制

out of one's reach 力所不能及之處 preliminary standard 預(yù)選標(biāo)準(zhǔn) prestigious 有名聲的 prospect 預(yù)估

recession 衰退，不景氣 record 記錄

soar 上升，突破 short-term 短期的 surpass 超越

special supplement 特別附錄 under control 在控制中 vicinity 臨近

TOEIC Vocabulary-Statistics Graph bar graph 條線圖 line graph 曲線圖 pie graph 扇形圖

opinion survey 民意調(diào)查 demographics 人口統(tǒng)計(jì) exchange rate 匯率變化 birth rate 出生率 approval rate 支持率 findings 調(diào)查結(jié)果 advanced age 高齡 alternative 替代性 amount to 達(dá)到…… at the age of 在……歲時(shí) campaign 活動(dòng) covert 秘密的，（反）overt 公開(kāi)的 in contrast to 與……相反的 in search of 搜索

juvenile delinquency 少年犯罪 prevalent 盛行的 prior to 先于

probe 嚴(yán)密的調(diào)查 problematic 有問(wèn)題的 projections 預(yù)測(cè)，推測(cè) reception 接受

register a drop 顯現(xiàn)出下降情況 replacement 替代 screening 試鏡 successive 相繼的 unstable 不安定的 suspension 暫時(shí)中止 tabulation 表格

take a pool 進(jìn)行民意調(diào)查 widespread 廣泛普及的 witness 目擊者 tumultuous 激昂的 turnout 集合的人群

TOEIC Vocabulary-Travel line 鐵路線

passenger car 客車(chē)廂 freight car 貨車(chē)廂 dining car 餐車(chē)廂 conductor 乘務(wù)員 express train 快車(chē) local train 慢車(chē)

junction 列車(chē)樞紐站 transfer 轉(zhuǎn)乘

on/behind/ahead of schedule 準(zhǔn)時(shí)/晚點(diǎn)/提前 one-way trip ticket 單程票 round-trip ticket 往返票 lane 車(chē)道

turnpike 收費(fèi)高速公路 shortcut 捷徑

cut corners 抄近路 traffic jam 交通堵塞 air turbulence 亂流 arrivals 到達(dá)

aviation sources 航空信息來(lái)源 back round trip ticket 返程票 crew 機(jī)組成員

cumulonimbus 積雨云

currency exchange 貨幣兌換 departures 處罰航班 evacuate 撤退

go off on a trip 外出旅行 have tires punctured 爆胎 intersection 交叉路口

non-refundable 不可退款的 non-stop 直達(dá)車(chē)

on board 乘（船、飛機(jī)等）opposite side 相反方向

out-of-court settlement 庭外和解 out-of-service train 回程車(chē) overbook 超過(guò)既定預(yù)約人數(shù) passenger jetliners 噴氣式客機(jī) derail 脫軌

reconfirmation 再確認(rèn) service charge 服務(wù)費(fèi) subway 地鐵

trespass in national airspace 侵犯領(lǐng)空 trek 長(zhǎng)途跋涉之旅

TOEIC Vocabulary-TV & Radio accused 被告 adult 成年人 allegedly 據(jù)稱

a stay of executive 緩刑 aviation history 航空史 break out in 在……發(fā)生 casualty 死傷者

collide with 與……沖撞 crack 龜裂 crash 墜機(jī)

damages 損害賠償金 defendant 被告 derail 脫軌

devastating 破壞性的 drawing 抽簽

emergency landing 緊急迫降 inheritance 繼承

has been missing 行蹤不明 hit 襲擊 fire 火災(zāi) jolt 晃動(dòng) lawyer 律師 lottery 彩票 minor 未成年人

official communique 正式公報(bào) plaintiff 原告，起訴者 prosecution 起訴 property 財(cái)產(chǎn)

rock（地震等）前后搖晃 run into 沖撞

the second worst disaster 第二嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難 take place 發(fā)生

TOEIC Vocabulary-Weather Report shower 陣雨 storm 暴風(fēng)雨 rainstorm 雨暴 rainfall 降雨量

rain cats and dogs 傾盆大雨 hail 冰雹

lightening rod 避雷針 fog 霧

sleet 雨夾雪

heavy snowfall 大雪 blizzard 大風(fēng)雪 breeze 微風(fēng) tornado 龍卷風(fēng) wind velocity 風(fēng)速 temperature 氣溫 thermometer 溫度計(jì) humidity 濕度

atmospheric pressure 氣壓 flood 洪水 avalanche 雪崩 Antarctic 南極 Arctic 北極

be spawned 發(fā)生（臺(tái)風(fēng)等）blast of cold air 冷空氣來(lái)襲

central barometric reading 中心氣壓 chill 寒氣的 cold wave 寒流 crisp 舒爽的

exploration 探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)

heat wave breaks 熱浪消失 heavy fog 濃霧

it's raining hard 雨正下得大 Meteorological Agency 氣象局 mild winter 暖冬 rain cloud 雨云

photochemical smog 光化學(xué)煙霧 scorching 酷熱的 snowstorm 暴風(fēng)雪

sizzling（水滾熱時(shí)的）嘶嘶聲 summery 夏季的 taper off 逐漸停止

tropical depression 熱帶低氣壓 typhoon area 臺(tái)風(fēng)圈 visibility 可見(jiàn)度 warm current 暖流 weather station 氣象臺(tái) weatherperson 天氣預(yù)報(bào)員 wintry 冬天般的 shape up 成型，發(fā)展 fair sky 美麗的天空 spell 意味著 light wind 輕風(fēng) muggy 悶熱的 precipitation 雨量

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第四篇：托業(yè)考試

托業(yè)考試心得（930分；人大教材；6級(jí)500分水平，20天復(fù)習(xí)）

首先說(shuō)下，寫(xiě)這個(gè)東西只有一個(gè)目的，就是回饋下社會(huì)，因?yàn)楫?dāng)初考的時(shí)候看了很多文章，不管怎樣都獲得了一些有用的信息和啟發(fā)。分?jǐn)?shù)也不牛逼，準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間也不短，但希望可以對(duì)于像我一樣底子薄弱的人可以有些幫助。

還有一點(diǎn)要說(shuō)明，這篇文章里說(shuō)的大部分內(nèi)容都是針對(duì)應(yīng)試的，這樣去學(xué)習(xí)，主要目的就是為了考試，并不能從根本上幫助你增長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)水品。所以有時(shí)間的同學(xué)還是建議你們每天花點(diǎn)時(shí)間，日積月累的，真真提高英語(yǔ)水品。

好了，言歸正傳。我用的教材是人大的閱讀，聽(tīng)力，6套模擬題。

首先說(shuō)下聽(tīng)力吧，我第一次做托業(yè)聽(tīng)力的時(shí)候大概錯(cuò)了30個(gè)，有點(diǎn)郁悶，但并沒(méi)在意，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)半年完全沒(méi)看英語(yǔ)了，所以這個(gè)結(jié)果也算情理之中，因?yàn)楸旧淼鬃泳筒缓谩?/p>

我當(dāng)時(shí)是這樣聽(tīng)的，早上按考試時(shí)間聽(tīng)一篇，然后對(duì)答案，下午的時(shí)候精聽(tīng)，把每個(gè)單詞，每個(gè)句子都聽(tīng)懂，然后過(guò)2到3天，找一個(gè)晚上的時(shí)間脫離題目，再把聽(tīng)力原文聽(tīng)一次。每套題都是這樣循環(huán)。

下面說(shuō)下聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中要重點(diǎn)注意的問(wèn)題： 1．

不管你開(kāi)始的時(shí)候一篇文章做完之后錯(cuò)多少個(gè)，你一定要有信心，因?yàn)榻?jīng)過(guò)將近一個(gè)月的時(shí)間，你的聽(tīng)力水平肯定是可以提高的，所以一定要有信心。并且經(jīng)過(guò)我參加考試后的經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，真題的聽(tīng)力并不難，也可以說(shuō)很簡(jiǎn)單。

2．關(guān)于精聽(tīng)過(guò)程中的問(wèn)題，有些地方聽(tīng)不懂，我不會(huì)反復(fù)聽(tīng)很多次，基本上我最多聽(tīng)5次，如果還是聽(tīng)不懂，我會(huì)放棄聽(tīng)懂這個(gè)單詞，而是把這個(gè)沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂的單詞或詞組的發(fā)音記下來(lái)，這點(diǎn)應(yīng)該不難吧，大家的聽(tīng)力都沒(méi)問(wèn)題，肯定能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，能模仿。為什么要這么做呢？因?yàn)楹髞?lái)我發(fā)現(xiàn)托業(yè)考試是一個(gè)針對(duì)性很強(qiáng)的考試，他不會(huì)像cet6那樣，什么樣的內(nèi)容都涉及到，大部分都是一些基本的商務(wù)上的，公司里的用語(yǔ)，所以重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的單詞或詞組的概率很大。針對(duì)這些沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂的地方，你把發(fā)音記下來(lái)，就相當(dāng)于在你腦子里留了一個(gè)印象，留下了一個(gè)痕跡，但下次再出現(xiàn)這個(gè)詞的時(shí)候，就可以條件反射的得到漢語(yǔ)意思。如果你沒(méi)這么做，那么可能遇到這樣情形，你在考試的時(shí)候聽(tīng)到這個(gè)詞了，你思考了幾秒鐘想起來(lái)了這個(gè)詞的意思，但這個(gè)時(shí)候聽(tīng)力還在照常進(jìn)行，你之后的幾秒鐘的聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容缺被忽略了，嚴(yán)重影響答題。所以平時(shí)在練習(xí)的時(shí)候，一定要注意積累這樣的盲點(diǎn)，前面說(shuō)到的晚上復(fù)習(xí)聽(tīng)力的階段，也是為了重溫盲點(diǎn)，掃除盲點(diǎn)。

3．Part 1和Part 3比較簡(jiǎn)單（個(gè)人認(rèn)為，練習(xí)到后來(lái)的感覺(jué)），所以講下針對(duì)part 2 和part 4的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

其中，p2的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主要是從人大教材上學(xué)來(lái)的，感覺(jué)還可以，雖然有些東西肯定用不到，但說(shuō)了總比沒(méi)說(shuō)強(qiáng)，所以可以去看下人大教材里的講解。說(shuō)下考試經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我在考試中，第一道題沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，輕敵了，所以嚴(yán)重影響了后面幾部分的考試，所以大家可以從中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)：從第一道題開(kāi)始就鼓足精神，認(rèn)真去聽(tīng)；如果有聽(tīng)不懂的，千萬(wàn)要放棄，不能為了一棵樹(shù)放棄一片森林，千萬(wàn)要放棄，在練習(xí)的時(shí)候可以練習(xí)放棄--。

P4的話書(shū)上說(shuō)什么不用選原文出現(xiàn)的答案，要選同意變換的，其實(shí)我覺(jué)得不然，其實(shí)到后來(lái)，有些p4的文章，我也是聽(tīng)不懂，但基本都能選對(duì)，我總結(jié)了下，為什么會(huì)有這個(gè)效果，第一個(gè)原因就是在聽(tīng)原文的時(shí)候，一定要注意從整體把握，大概明白文章在說(shuō)什么，還一定要注意說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣，有的時(shí)候一些題目完全可以從說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣中選出正確答案；第二就是可以采用“2點(diǎn)確定一條直線的”的方法。具體是這樣的，在做文章之前，爭(zhēng)取先看一下題目，找到題干跟選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞，在聽(tīng)原文的過(guò)程中，注意聽(tīng)提干的關(guān)鍵詞，在這個(gè)詞的前后，如果出現(xiàn)了選項(xiàng)里的關(guān)鍵詞，那正確答案基本就是這個(gè)選項(xiàng)了，個(gè)人覺(jué)得這個(gè)辦法很好用，特別是在不能完全聽(tīng)懂文章的時(shí)候，大家可以嘗試著去感受一下。（以上這些方法同樣適用于p3，至于p1的方法，人大教材里已經(jīng)說(shuō)的很具體了，大家自己體會(huì)吧）

4.還有一點(diǎn)也說(shuō)下吧，就是一定要提前看聽(tīng)力原文，我是按照人大教材介紹的順序去看，感覺(jué)還可以。有些地方可以利用的，比如發(fā)下卷子之后，雖然卷子是封的，但你可以從底下掀起來(lái)看到最下面的題，也會(huì)幫你省時(shí)間，老師是不會(huì)管的，只要你別直接撕開(kāi)。還有就是，做每套題的時(shí)候，要嚴(yán)格按照考試的時(shí)間來(lái)做，每次都認(rèn)真對(duì)待，集中注意力快速掃題干跟選項(xiàng)，平時(shí)注意練習(xí)，這個(gè)能力也是可以提高的，比如只看題干的第一個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞，大寫(xiě)的詞，跟時(shí)間等，選項(xiàng)中前半部分重復(fù)的地方，就掠過(guò)，不要讀，記住不要讀，因?yàn)橹笆窃谟醚劬撸皇亲x，讀的話浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，用眼睛跟腦子掃，完全可以達(dá)到預(yù)期效果。（這些練習(xí)題的聽(tīng)力題干跟選項(xiàng)普遍偏長(zhǎng)，所以大家在練習(xí)的時(shí)候如果讀不完也不要緊，只要你用心去練了，可以集中的讀，考試的時(shí)候一定可以讀完）

5.聽(tīng)力差的人考前前20天建議每天都聽(tīng)2套題左右，這樣可以讓耳朵熟悉，很管用。

下面說(shuō)下閱讀部分：

每天上午對(duì)完聽(tīng)力答案之后，按考試時(shí)間做一套閱讀，上午有時(shí)間的話可以對(duì)對(duì)答案，如果沒(méi)時(shí)間就等下午精聽(tīng)聽(tīng)力后，認(rèn)真分析錯(cuò)題。

1．我看過(guò)幾篇人大語(yǔ)法跟詞匯的書(shū)，但到真正考試的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)part5 6 很簡(jiǎn)單，不像練習(xí)里的那么難，所以大家可以考慮不用看那個(gè)書(shū)，因?yàn)樘y了，沒(méi)用，反倒浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。不過(guò)你可以看下那本書(shū)之前的講解，跟最后的一部分，叫什么“20天突破什么的”難度還可以，如果你底子不錯(cuò)，完全可以不看那本書(shū)，只需要把模擬題的p5 6弄明白就行。這兩部分要拿滿分很難，但想丟太多分也同樣很難。

2．關(guān)于p7,真正的考試也很簡(jiǎn)單，但模擬題里的文章有點(diǎn)難了，而且有些分析的跟放屁一樣，完全沒(méi)作用，有的分析讓你莫不著頭腦，所以在做閱讀那本書(shū)的時(shí)候，大家不用太較真，可以把那本書(shū)當(dāng)做一個(gè)練習(xí)時(shí)間的書(shū)，有些問(wèn)題錯(cuò)了，看了講解之后還不懂的話，就可以不用管他了。但做模擬題的那6套的時(shí)候，希望你可以弄懂每一道錯(cuò)題，要知道為什么錯(cuò)了，怎么錯(cuò)的，正確答案跟錯(cuò)誤答案之間有什么區(qū)別，正確答案是怎么被隱藏的等等。久而久之，就能有很大的提升。

3．在練習(xí)閱讀的過(guò)程中，有時(shí)間的話可以把一些生詞記下來(lái)，每天復(fù)習(xí)一下前面幾天的單詞，循環(huán)下去。個(gè)人覺(jué)得這個(gè)考試不用單獨(dú)去花時(shí)間背單詞，只需要把做過(guò)的題中的生詞有選擇的記下來(lái)就可以了。

4．我在練習(xí)的時(shí)候，幾乎每次都有一些題明明會(huì)，但就是選錯(cuò)了，分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)，基本這樣的題多是出現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)把整篇文章看完就選擇的情況下，所以針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我以后不管文章長(zhǎng)短，簡(jiǎn)單或是難，我都把文章看完，這樣做可以讓你至少少錯(cuò)2到3個(gè)題目。特別是最后的double reading 一定要看完文章，做題速度還可以的話，一定要看完每篇文章。

5．從練習(xí)開(kāi)始，每次都要嚴(yán)格控制時(shí)間，留出5-10分鐘涂卡，特別是在冬天，沒(méi)暖氣的考場(chǎng)里涂卡是挺浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的，不過(guò)大家也別太擔(dān)心，真正考試比模擬題簡(jiǎn)單，考試的時(shí)候我提前20多分鐘就答完了。所以大家一定要有信心。

Ok，說(shuō)了那么多，可能有點(diǎn)亂，因?yàn)槭堑谝淮螌?xiě)這樣的東西，加上本來(lái)自身的文學(xué)修養(yǎng)就不夠，所以還請(qǐng)大家見(jiàn)諒。

再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)幾點(diǎn)，模擬題比真題難，可以說(shuō)難的多，所以你們一定要有信息；每次練習(xí)都要做到3點(diǎn)：控制時(shí)間；全神貫注；認(rèn)真總結(jié)。TOEIC Tips

1.Set a goal

So, you've decided to take the TOEIC test.Congratulations!The first thing you should do is set a goal.If you are taking the test in order to apply for a job, find out what proficiency level is required.Most entry level positions require a minimum score of 600.Management positions may require a higher score, such as 800.Choose a goal that is achievable.If you aim too high, you will be disappointed.Remember, you can take the test as often as you want if you don't mind paying the fee.2.Understand the test

Before you start studying for the test, make sure you understand the format of each section.You will be tested on your listening and reading comprehension skills.By doing model or practice tests, you will become very familiar with the TOEIC.The test should become “second nature” to you before you attempt the real thing.3.Make a study plan

Procrastination is one of the key reasons students fail the TOEIC test.You may book your TOEIC test months in advance.However, the day you decide to take the TOEIC test should be the day you start to study.You will have to decide whether or not you are going to teach yourself the TOEIC with reliable resources or whether you are going to take a TOEIC preparation class.In order to get the best results, you should do both.If you cannot afford to take a TOEIC class, make sure to choose a TOEIC textbook that has explanatory answers.You will also want to have a teacher or tutor that you can go to from time to time with questions.If you choose a TOEIC class, make sure that you trust your teacher and feel comfortable in his or her class.Take a class with a friend and make a commitment to study together in and outside of class.Studying at the same time every day is a great way to improve your score.Write down your study plan and sign it!4.Divide study time appropriately

The TOEIC is divided into seven sections.Each section is worth a certain amount of points.Don't spend too much time studying one section.Many students make the mistake of studying the section that they enjoy the most.This is the section you should spend the least amount of time on.You might want to divide your study week by focusing on a certain section each day.Remember, if Sunday is your day to practice Part VII(40 questions on the test), you might have to study twice as long as you would on Monday when you focus on Part I(20 questions on the test).5.Build a strong vocabulary

Another reason students fail the TOEIC test is that they have a very limited vocabulary.The day you decide to take the TOEIC test you should make yourself a blank dictionary.Use a notebook(an address book works great because it is divided into letters)and keep track of all of the new words you learn along the way.It is not useful to study vocabulary lists.You will only remember words that you have seen in context.For each entry, write the word and use it in a sentence.At the end of each week you should write a short letter or composition using as many of the words as you can.This might also be the time to stop using your translation dictionary.Electric dictionaries make things too simple!You will 6.7.8.9.not remember the word if it doesn't take any effort to understand it.Keep in mind that the TOEIC test has a business theme.You should study vocabulary from topics such as travel, banking, health, restaurants, offices, etc.You will also want to learn everyday idiomatic expressions.Isolate your weak points

After you have been studying the TOEIC for a while, you will find out which parts give you the most trouble.You might want to change how you divide your time.There are certain grammar points that many students have trouble with.If you are taking a TOEIC class, ask your teacher to bring in extra homework help on problems like these.If you are studying by yourself, find a good reference book in the library and look up your question.There may also be help on the Internet.For example, type “gerunds” into a search engine and you will probably find a useful exercise.Eliminate distractors

In every TOEIC question, there are at least two distractors(wrong answers that the test writer uses to trick you).It is much easier to choose the correct answer when you have only two to choose from.(The third choice is often impossible and easy to spot.)There are many types of distractors such as, similar sounds, homonyms, repeated words, etc.As you study, make yourself a list of distractors.When you come across them you will be able to eliminate them more easily.Trust your instincts

Sometimes an answer will jump out at you as either correct or incorrect.If you have been studying hard, chances are that your brain is telling you which choice to pick.Don't change your answers after following your instinct.If you do decide to change an answer, make sure that you erase very carefully.A machine will be marking your test.Be sure to use a pencil and fill in your circle choice completely.Bring extra pencils, erasers, and a pencil sharpener!Don't try to translate

Translating vocabulary and sentences wastes a lot of time.It is very rare that students have extra time during the TOEIC test.If you don't know a word, look at the context of the sentence and the words around it.You will not be allowed to use a dictionary when you take the test.10.Guess as a last resort

On test day, if you don't know the answer, and you have eliminated all of the distractors you can, don't leave the space blank.There is a good chance you will not have time to go back to this question.You still have a 25% chance of getting the answer right if you guess.If you are sure that one or two of the answers are incorrect, your guess is even more likely to be correct!11.Be aware of time management

When you are doing practice tests, you should always be aware of the time.Never allow yourself an open ended study session.You will have to learn to work efficiently.On test day, you should be especially careful in the Reading section.You will have 75 minutes to complete Parts V, VI and VII.Many students spend too long on section V or VI because they find these the most difficult.Don't spend more than 30 minutes on the first two parts.Part VII will take you at least 40 minutes, and it is worth a lot of points, especially if you find it an easier section.12.Listen quickly

When you are studying for the TOEIC test, do not get in the habit of rewinding the tape.On test day you won't have any control over the speed of the listening section.You will not even have time to think for very long between questions.Make sure that you do not get behind during the real test.If you do not know the answer, take your best guess.Then continue to follow along.Don't look back at questions when you are waiting for another question to start.13.Practise reading aloud

Reading out loud will help your listening and reading comprehension skills.In order to comprehend English more quickly, it is important that you understand the rhythm of the language.Read from textbooks, pamphlets, newspapers, and even children's novels.You might want to tape yourself and listen to how you sound.14.Use mass media

One of the best ways to prepare for the TOEIC test is to study real English.Watch television, listen to radio reports, and read newspapers and magazines.Pay special attention to ads, letters, weather and traffic reports, coupons, and special announcements.Do this with a friend, and write out questions for each other to answer.This is a great way to practice your wh-questions.It is also a great way to learn common idiomatic expressions.15.Use free web sites

There are many web sites that offer free model tests and samples.Type TOEIC into your search engine and start practising!Surfing the web is a great way to practise your reading and listening.If you are interested in a certain topic, such as snowboarding, type that into a search engine.You might want to reserve an hour a day for Internet studying.Just make sure to study English and don't get caught wasting hours playing games!

16.Teach a native English speaker your language

If you can't afford a tutor, you might know a native English speaker who would be interested in learning your first language.Tell him you will teach him for free for one hour a week!You will have to use English to teach him, and you will learn many new English words and expressions at each session.Forcing yourself to teach someone a language will help you to understand English grammatical rules as well.Do anything you can to speak with native English speakers.17.Keep an English journal

Keeping a journal doesn't have to be an account of your daily activities.You can write anything in a journal, such as how your studying is coming along, what your new favourite word is and why, or which teacher you admire.If you are studying TOEIC with a friend, make a list of writing topics for each other.You might decide to write a paragraph three times a week.Get your friend to try to find your mistakes.Finding your partner's writing errors is great practice for Part V and VI.18.Ask questions

Never hesitate to ask lots of questions.In a TOEIC class, all of the students will benefit from your question.If you don't understand something, such as conditionals, you may lose ten points on a TOEIC exam.A teacher is not always available, but students are everywhere!Sometimes other students can help you with a grammar problem even better than a teacher.19.Manage your stress

If you are feeling stressed about taking the TOEIC you may be studying too hard or expecting too much of yourself.Like everything else in life, balance is the key.Remind yourself that you will try to do your best.Before the test, take deep breaths and remember that you can always improve your score in a few months time.In between the listening and reading section, take a few deep breaths again to get focused.20.Don't cram

You should never cram(study extremely hard in a short period of time)the night or even week before the TOEIC test.There is so much to learn when you study the TOEIC.The last week should be for reviewing and practising rather than learning new things.Make sure to get plenty of sleep the night before the test.On the day of the test, have a good meal and relax for a few hours before going to the testing centre.Plan to reward yourself when the test is over!

第五篇：托業(yè)試題

2008年12月托業(yè)考試真題變型題（詞匯和語(yǔ)法部分）

101.The new policy on overtime compensation-------addresses the complaints of the union.(A)effect(B)effective(C)effectively(D)effectiveness

102.It is difficult for management both to satisfy-------to discipline such a large staff.(A)if(B)and(C)such(D)but 103.Mr.Smith-------his weekly groceries every Friday, so tell him what you need.(A)order(B)orders(C)to order(D)ordered 104.President Jacobson is expected to be in town-------the meeting of industry leaders.(A)for(B)under(C)across(D)down 105.The bookshelf is too big for Andrew and Jessie to carry by-------.(A)their(B)them(C)themselves(D)their own 106.You will need your order tracking number to confirm the-------of your gift on the website.(A)deliver(B)delivery(C)deliverer(D)delivered

107.Janet Evans is expected to replace Mr.Bowers-------CEO of Fabrics US following his retirement.(A)as(B)like(C)about(D)but 108.For the renovation of the main stairway, please enter through either the elevator-------the back stairwell.(A)or(B)with(C)into(D)not 109.Most people shop for their home building supplies at Jay's Lumber Yard because they offer satisfaction guarantees on-------orders.(A)any of(B)each(C)all(D)every 110.-------the Chinese buffet restaurant is in the center of the financial district, it is always busy with businessmen at lunch.(A)Therefore(B)But(C)Despite(D)Since 111.Because the banquet budget was-------calculated, the planning committee had to choose a less expensive catering service.(A)inaccuracy(B)inaccurate(C)inaccurately(D)inaccuracies 112.After we have received authorization from the head office, we will send-------the employment contract to sign.(A)she(B)her(C)hers(D)herself 113.Rental prices of our condos are-------to property availability and can change at the owner's discretion.(A)subject(B)public(C)plain(D)general 114.Mrs.Dowry is-------to receive the award of public relations officer of the year.(A)pleasure(B)pleased(C)pleasing(D)please 115.Recent surveys of college undergraduates indicate-------most students plan to major in business, economics, or engineering.(A)which(B)that(C)what(D)those 116.In an unprecedented-------of kindness, the local library donated hundreds of children's books to orphanages across the city.(A)act(B)progress(C)chance(D)number 117.A newly implemented management system is responsible for-------sales at the retail store.(A)increase(B)increases(C)increased(D)increasingly

118.Check the batteries of your fire alarms-------to keep up with safety regulations.(A)avoidably(B)regularly(C)lately(D)highly 119.Any requests for vacation time must have the-------of the general manager.(A)approve(B)approved(C)approval(D)approvingly

120.For those who wish to join the summer internship, the-------for turning in applications is April 16 at 10 A.M.(A)calendar(B)intention(C)admission(D)deadline 121.-------Brigg Electric has its headquarters in Los Angeles, it has branches throughout the continental US.(A)Although(B)Until now(C)or else(D)Thus 122.Our professional reception staff-------happy to assist you with any problems you may have while staying at our hotel.(A)is being(B)are being(C)would be(D)have been 123.Because of an urgent personal matter, Dr.Grey's talk will be-------until next month's gathering.(A)belated(B)directed(C)presented(D)postponed 124.The community college has a total of twenty academic departments-------its institution.(A)between(B)because(C)within(D)as for 125.Human resources offers orientation seminars to-------hired staff.(A)approximately(B)recently(C)exactly(D)comparatively 126.The model of the bicycle you want is available for order-------gray, silver, and gold.(A)in(B)at(C)to(D)of 127.The town's tourist information desks are-------by their large, bright signs.(A)identify(B)identifies(C)identity(D)identifiable 128.The hospital has high-------for the incoming surgeon, Dave Willis, who specializes in cardiac diseases.(A)expecting(B)expected(C)expectations(D)expectedly 129.It is vital that employees maintain physical health for their personal benefit-------the company's success.(A)even though(B)in order to(C)whether(D)as well as 130.Political analyst Rober Shaw has been commended for the refreshing-------in his essays on capitalism.(A)clear(B)clearly(C)clarity(D)clarifies 131.Celebrations for the store's tenth-------will include major discounts on products, free samples of food stuff, and face painting for kids.(A)date(B)anniversary(C)origin(D)inception 132.The doctor-------discovered the vaccine for the common cold is taking time off from his research for personal reasons.(A)he(B)who(C)some(D)also 125.Human resources offers orientation seminars to-------hired staff.(A)approximately(B)recently(C)exactly(D)comparatively 126.The model of the bicycle you want is available for order-------gray, silver, and gold.(A)in(B)at(C)to(D)of 127.The town's tourist information desks are-------by their large, bright signs.(A)identify(B)identifies(C)identity(D)identifiable 128.The hospital has high-------for the incoming surgeon, Dave Willis, who specializes in cardiac diseases.(A)expecting(B)expected(C)expectations(D)expectedly 129.It is vital that employees maintain physical health for their personal benefit----the company's success.(A)even though(B)in order to(C)whether(D)as well as 130.Political analyst Rober Shaw has been commended for the refreshing-------in his essays on capitalism.(A)clear(B)clearly(C)clarity(D)clarifies 131.Celebrations for the store's tenth-------will include major discounts on products, free samples of food stuff, and face painting for kids.(A)date(B)anniversary(C)origin(D)inception 132.The doctor-------discovered the vaccine for the common cold is taking time off from his research for personal reasons.(A)he(B)who(C)some(D)also 133.Of all the candidates for head of accounting, Mr.Lee is by far the most-------and experienced.(A)conditional(B)requisite(C)secured(D)qualified 134.Flower deliveries are made within 24 hours-------orders are called in by 2 P.M.(A)when(B)even(C)over(D)while 135.The law firm's website has been-------to increase usability for clients needing to track their cases.(A)progressed(B)relied(C)designed(D)notified 136.-------Cheryl leaves for Japan, she should be briefed on basic business culture etiquette.(A)Prior(B)Near(C)Before(D)Past 137.During the winter owners must ensure that cars don't remain-----for more than three days at a time.(A)void(B)idle(C)spare(D)null 138.Marshall Appliances has chosen to make a contract with a new marketing company-------continuing its relationship with Friendly PR.(A)out of(B)except for(C)as to(D)instead of 139.Broadband Plus sent out an e-mail apology to its clients for the-------in its wireless Internet service.(A)disruption(B)limitation(C)outbreak(D)controversy 140.-------a number of new computer programmers will be joining the team, the director will increase the number of projects for the next year.(A)If so(B)Rather than(C)Owing to(D)Given that Questions 141 to 143 refer to the following notice.This is to inform you that the seminar for all department heads-------place on Wednesday, 141.(A)took(B)will take(C)will have taken(D)taking July 15.All middle and lower management staff are-------to attend unless they have previous 142.(A)reported(B)favored(C)required(D)included commitments.The seminar will include topics-------business and leadership skills, performance management 143.(A)as long as(B)likewise(C)nevertheless(D)such as planning, and the employee evaluation and feedback process.Please come to Siena room on the fifteenth floor of the Jameson Building.Don’t forget to bring the seminar materials to the session.Please contact Mr.Blake Mariano if you have any questions.Questions 144 to 146 refer to the following letter.I am writing in reply to your article on a French tour agency in Montpellier, France.In your article, the South France Adventures Agency was given an unfavorable review.You mentioned that its tours were conducted by inexperienced tour guides.-------, my experience with the tour agency was very good.144.(A)Consequently(B)However(C)Then(D)In addition The guide had extensive knowledge about the history of South France, giving complete explanations and-------questions with specifics.I would definitely-------taking a South France Adventures tour to 145.(A)answer

(B)answers

(C)to answer

(D)answering

146.(A)mention

(B)discourage

(C)recommend

(D)consider anyone who wishes to visit the south of France.Sincerely yours, Mary Brinn Questions 147 to 149 refer to the following letter.November 20, 2008 Ruth Dalton 2459 S.Ammons St.Lakewood, CO 80227 Dear Mrs.Dalton, Thank you for purchasing the full kitchen remodeling package.Your-------of our company is highly 147.(A)patronage(B)supervision(C)predicament(D)cooperation appreciated.We hope you are delighted with the new kitchen facilities and are fully satisfied with the services and designs provided by Home Design, Inc.We have enclosed a customer survey form.Your comments will help us-------your future needs.148.(A)wish(B)meet(C)please(D)think To encourage you to take part in our survey, we will enter you in a special draw for a free set of home fixtures we recently launched.All you need to do is send in the completed form by November 30 in order to be eligible for the drawing.Winners-------on December 3.149.(A)should notify(B)was notified(C)will be notified(D)notifies Thank you once again.Sincerely yours, Martin CaldwellQuestions 150 to 152 refer to the following article.Silverline Paper Company, the biggest paper producer in the United States, will open a new factory in Regina, Canada.It officially announced its plans to-------the new manufacturing plant at a press 150.(A)sell(B)relocate(C)build(D)renovate conference last week.The-------is expected to cost Silverline nearly 200 million dollars.151.(A)appeal(B)prediction(C)merger(D)venture According to Cynthia Gray, spokesperson for the company, Silverline foresees hiring 600 workers from the Regina area.“The people of Regina have been very receptive to the construction of the new factory.We are anticipating a long and successful future here,” said Gray.The new plant is expected to become-------by early next year.152.(A)operation(B)operating(C)operational(D)operate

TOEIC 2008.Oct.Reading 101.Register your name and address on theWeb site in order to-------a purchase online.(A)make(B)shop(C)owe(D)use 102.All-------for time off must go through the Human Resources Department first.(A)request(B)requests(C)requested(D)requesting 103.Despite it being his first time in an authority position, Mark led the project remarkably-------.(A)partly(B)even(C)yet(D)well 104.The detailed analyses of third and fourth quarter sales are included in-------final report.(A)he(B)his(C)him(D)himself 105.Any visitors to the production facilities must-------a security pass from the information desk at the front entrance.(A)allow(B)achieve(C)obtain(D)remind 106.Students enrolled as full-time can fully-------in the university extracurricular clubs.(A)participate(B)participant(C)participating(D)had participated 107.Dr.Byer is-------with the renovations made to his clinic by the remodeling company.(A)pleasing(B)pleased(C)pleasant(D)pleasure 108.When picking up your rental car, make sure to inspect the vehicle-------for pre-existing damages.(A)strongly(B)firmly(C)extremely(D)thoroughly 109.For more-------about this month's special bargains, contact one of our customer representatives at 555-5258.(A)detail(B)details(C)detailed(D)detailing 110.Staff members are required to follow the---regulation as written in the employee manual unless otherwise indicated by their supervisors.(A)distant(B)current(C)confident(D)alive 111.The mechanic was able-------the faulty wiring in the conference room.(A)repaired(B)repairing(C)to repair(D)will repair 112.It is-------urgent nor essential for Quality Brand Inc.to update its internal network at this time.(A)neither(B)nevertheless(C)therefore(D)if 113.Excel Energy Corporation's new online training program has-----features and forum discussions for trainees.(A)interactive(B)symptomatic(C)conclusive(D)broken 114.Fabric Masters sells a variety-------premium cotton shirts to more than 35 companies located internationally.(A)across(B)into(C)of(D)in 115.Because of high consumer demand for organic products, we have to produce them-------than ever before.(A)so fast(B)fast(C)faster(D)too fast 116.Please remind the presenters that the-------of the talk should not exceed the 45-minute time limit.(A)instant(B)length(C)attention(D)specification 117.After giving the team their assignment, the project manager left them to figure out a strategy on-------.(A)they(B)their own(C)them(D)themselves 118.The customer on hold on line two has questions-------our cancellation and refund policies.(A)between(B)onto(C)next(D)regarding 119.Our senior advisor joined the company last year and transformed us-------a local distributor to a worldwide enterprise.(A)from(B)about(C)toward(D)even 120.To be-------for the corporate shareholder's program, you must have been working here for at least three consecutive years.(A)eligible(B)considerate(C)available(D)partial 121.Following completion of the three-day workshop, participants will be required to answer a-------questionnaire about the usefulness of the sessions.(A)brief(B)briefly(C)briefest(D)briefed 122.Shoppers can save up to sixty percent-------ordering their HomeCare Rice Cooker through the catalogue before January.(A)at(B)as(C)by(D)in 123.IKO Home has revealed a brand new line of furniture specially designed for college students who-------in small dormitories.(A)reside(B)resident(C)residing(D)residence 124.Opening our branch office in one of the less crowded areas of the city would be more beneficial for our employees and less costly-------moving downtown.(A)while(B)but(C)than(D)and 125.Business consultant Laura Freeman was-------available to advise our administrative team during the merger negotiations with KEMP Steel.(A)continue(B)continuity(C)continuous(D)continuously 126.Four of the hotel's executive suites have been-------for traveling diplomats who are on overseas assignments.(A)placed(B)reserved(C)collected(D)remained 127.Prior to takeoff, flight personnel have to make sure that-------of the passengers has fastened their seat belt and is sitting in an upright position.(A)every(B)all(C)much(D)each 128.For the graphic designer position, we need an applicant with both educational and professional qualifications who seeks to partake in a business from its-------.(A)cause(B)solution(C)inception(D)growth 129.Floor personnel should not sign out from their shift-------all of the shelves are adequately stocked.(A)except(B)until(C)soon(D)earlier 130.The front and rear exits of the cinema will be open after the movie has finished so that viewers can depart in an-------fashion.(A)orderly(B)enduring(C)apparent(D)accomplished 131.We at Kitchen Supplies guarantee that orders will be delivered-------three weeks time.(A)within(B)sometime(C)nearby(D)during 132.Kevin Cruiser has been promoted to assistant manager of production-------his long record of hard work and dedication to the company.(A)up to(B)furthermore(C)because of(D)given that 133.A recall on the XS model engine was announced after the factory received-------that smoke appeared after only two or three hours of driving.(A)complains(B)complained(C)complaints(D)complainer 134.Increasing-------in the technology industries in Asia will force companies to recruit more qualified candidates.(A)challenge(B)encounter(C)opponent(D)competition 135.In the case of flight delays or-------unexpected changes in schedules, the meeting will be moved to a more suitable time.(A)others(B)another(C)any other(D)one another 136.The deadline for this month's articles for Fame Magazine has been-------to August 30.(A)opened(B)extended(C)finished(D)progressed 137.Despite having received positive reviews by industry critics, sales of the digital MP3 player have been quite-------.(A)disappoint(B)disappointed(C)disappointment(D)disappointing 138.Maria has been-------appointed to serve as the chairperson for the treasury committee, but the position will not be permanently filled until later this month.(A)provisionally(B)comparably(C)restrictively(D)critically 139.Construction crews have torn up the town's main road-------find that the underground water system is in the way of their plans.(A)so as(B)only to(C)even though(D)in order that 140.-------the company's official financial advisor, Mr.Jefferson is privy to top-secret information and statistics about the company's performance.(A)To be(B)Be(C)Being(D)Has been Questions 141 to 143 refer to the following memo.To: Staff, Research and Development Dept.From: Jasmine Sparks, Manager Date: October 20 Re: David Yang’s farewell party

I’m sure everyone in the department knows that David Yang will be leaving the company to work for Meyers and Goldman by now.A farewell party-------for David from 5:30 to 8:30 P.M.on Friday, 141.(A)will be held(B)is held(C)had been held(D)was held October 31, in the main conference room.I would like to ask each of you to contribute a small sum of money for a present that the department will purchase for David in appreciation for the excellent work he has done-----the years.I have asked my secretary, Claudette, to receive your donations, so please 142.(A)past(B)since(C)around(D)over

drop by her desk before the end of next week.It is my hope that you will be able to join the entire department in honoring David’s ten years with the company.Please get in touch with Claudette by 5 P.M.on Monday, October 27 to let us know----you 143.(A)whenever(B)whether(C)whose(D)what

will be attending the commemoration.Questions 144 to 146 refer to the following letter.Dear Mr.Castro: It is my pleasure to-------you that beginning next month, Chrislyn Spano will be Gibson & Dunn’s 144.(A)be informed(B)informing(C)inform(D)be informative Real Estate representative in your area.Ms.Spano has been assisting clients in purchasing land and housing in the Bromley area for the last seven years.She is very-------in her field, and we are fortunate to have her in our London office.145.(A)probable(B)perceived(C)represented(D)knowledgeable If you are interested in buying-------, please write to her at cs@gibsondunn.com.146.(A)material(B)property(C)replacements(D)equipment Very sincerely yours, MARILYN CARR Manager Gibson & Dunn, London Questions 147 to 149 refer to the following article.To help pay for infrastructure improvements, Governor Bill Anderson-------a $1 increase on the 147.(A)will approve(B)is approving(C)has approved(D)would approve toll fee for vehicles entering the western turnpikes.The governor’s decision took effect last week.It is expected that an amount of $80 million dollars will be generated from the increase this year and will be used to repair the state’s turnpike system.-------, the Transport Authority is now scheduling tunnel 148.(A)Instead(B)Similarly(C)Before(D)Accordingly and road renovations to ensure drivers’ convenience and safety.In a press conference held last week, Governor Anderson addressed the motorists’ concerns.He said that although the toll fee increase is-------, he believes that it will improve road and 149.(A)unstable(B)unpopular(C)inefficient(D)insufficient traffic conditions for all drivers using the turnpike.Questions 150 to 152 refer to the following letter.GIL DURDIN Director Newline Shopping Center Dear Mr.Durdin, In high-traffic establishments such as yours, floors are used around the clock as deliverymen bring goods and people come and go into the building.Given the-------use, the floors must be very 150.(A)convenient(B)constant(C)preferred(D)flexible durable to remain usable over the years.To-------this matter, Floorbest, Inc.has designed a special protective floor system specially for 151.(A)research(B)achieve(C)prevent(D)address supermarkets and commercial centers like yours.We are the speediest installer in your region!After you make an order, a Floorbest installer will visit your location within two business days to take the exact specifications for your business.Installation of the new flooring system-------within four weeks.152.(A)will be guaranteeing(B)will guarantee(C)is guaranteed(D)was guaranteed To request a free estimate, please call today at 373-4555.CLYDE PARKER Manager Floorbest, Inc.101 A 102 B 103 D 104 B 105 C 106 A 107 B 108 D 109 B 110 B111 C 112 A 113 A 114 C 115 C 116 B 117 B 118 D 119 A 120 A 121 A 122 C 123 A 124 C 125 D126 B 127 D 128 C 129 B 130 A131 A 132 C 133 C 134 D 135 C136 B 137 D 138 A 139 B 140 C 141 A 142 D 143 B 144 C 145 D146 B 147 C 148 D 149 B 150 B151 D 152 C

TOEIC 2008.Nov.101.Our new e-Touch planner is smaller-------the competition and boasts more memory(A)at(B)with(C)for(D)than 102.Assembly line workers and factory supervisors are encouraged to-------safety helmets while working.(A)wear(B)wore(C)worn(D)wearing 103.Parents of teenage kids are increasingly concerned about the-------of money their children spend every day.(A)reason(B)amount(C)total(D)location 104.Both the president-------the executive assistant will be speaking at the annual company party this year.(A)either(B)or(C)and(D)nor 105.Airlines have made a decision to-------the cost of tickets as a result of the rise in oil prices.(A)remain(B)increase(C)comment(D)construct 106.Passengers are asked to select their meal-------on the online form when making their reservations.(A)prefers(B)preferring(C)preferences(D)preferred 107.Educational Development's annual meeting-------management staff is going to take place at the Royal Hotel conference center.(A)from(B)into(C)to(D)for 108.For a-------time, club members may bring guests at half the price of the regular fee.(A)limit(B)limits(C)limited(D)limitation 109.Go through the instruction manual-------before assembling your new computer desk.(A)extremely(B)harmlessly(C)carefully(D)hardly 110.Keeley Vacations is building their newest resort-------the eastern section of the island.(A)in(B)up(C)against(D)during 111.Hazelden Network Solutions-------amended its policy on employee holiday and sick leave.(A)more recent(B)recent(C)recently(D)recentness 112.Weather forecasters-------that the storm headed towards the town would hit around mid-day.(A)predicted(B)prediction(C)predictable(D)predictably 113.-------the summer holiday, Max Music will be closed from June 6 to June 10.(A)According to(B)Because of(C)However(D)Therefore 114.The sale of over 100 of our MountainTrek bicycles would not have succeeded without the-------of sales director Richard Riley.(A)contribute(B)contribution(C)contributed(D)contributing 115.Many customers find that the application process for a house mortgage is overly-------.(A)complicate(B)complicating(C)complicated(D)complicatedly 116.Please make sure to fill out your daily reports properly-------we can monitor your progress.(A)also(B)yet(C)even(D)so 117.Our credit card policy regarding interest rates is-------available in print or digital format.(A)ready(B)readying(C)readily(D)readiness 118.As-------in the housing contract, all expenses related to general maintenance should be paid for by the tenant.(A)notes(B)note(C)noting(D)noted 119.-------you have finished the budget report, please send a copy of it to the head office for review.(A)As well as(B)As soon as(C)In addition to(D)In regard to 120.Flyers and posters for the weekend's event should be posted-------employees could see them.(A)wherever(B)whoever(C)whatever(D)whichever 121.Job counselors suggest that taking night classes at a local university can increase your-------and potentially lead to promotion.(A)qualify(B)qualified(C)qualifier(D)qualifications 122.Jackie's train from New York to Boston was stalled on the tracks for-------an hour before mechanics could fix the problem.(A)still(B)within(C)more than(D)now that 123.If anyone has suggestions for the Christmas gathering they would like to-------for this year, please give them to Mr.Hall in marketing.(A)acquaint(B)propose(C)employ(D)practice 124.World Connect aims to be the most successful global-------of international delivery solutions.(A)provided(B)provider(C)provision(D)providing 125.The hiring process at Gibson Factories is-------watched by government agents specializing in legal immigration.(A)approximately(B)nearly(C)closely(D)doubtingly 126.Rather than using a standard employee scheduling software program, the IT team at IntelCorp has built a program of-------.(A)they(B)their(C)themselves(D)their own 127.The success of the new cell phone developed by Kio Electronics is mostly due to its-------television advertisements.(A)entertaining(B)loyal(C)amazed(D)recreational 128.Our Asian and Middle-Eastern markets have grown-------larger since establishing branch offices at various international locations.(A)consider(B)considerate(C)considerable(D)considerably 129.All funding request forms have to be-------by the office manager prior to submission to the accounting department.(A)treated(B)entitled(C)signed(D)journeyed 130.The two-bedroom apartment above the convenience store on Bleeker Street has been-------for over five months due to recent increases in crime in the neighborhood.(A)vacant(B)vacantly(C)vacancy(D)vacating 131.People donating items,-------new or used, to the Children's Hospital must register their donations with the front desk.(A)neither(B)whether(C)unless(D)besides 132.In her most anticipated film yet, Margaret Jones has-------to incorporate elements of realism into her work.(A)attempted(B)completed(C)persuaded(D)recognized 133.In her acceptance speech for Employee of the Year award, Diane emphasized her strong-------to the growth of our corporation.(A)assessment(B)reference(C)selection(D)commitment 134.The groups-------members fail to show up will be immediately disqualified from the event.(A)its(B)that(C)which(D)whose 135.Our CEO is prepared to offer-------incentives to distributors that sell our product in high quantities.(A)additional(B)fixed(C)multiple(D)hopeful 136.While workers used to car-pool to save money on fuel, it is now more-------for them to take public transportation.(A)potential(B)efficient(C)monetary(D)competent 137.Inquiries-------to payroll must be directed to the accounting department located on the 5th floor.(A)pertaining(B)receiving(C)similar(D)granted 138.-------human resources expected employees to opt for flex-time, but most people actually stayed on the regular nine to five schedule.(A)In light of(B)Although(C)At first(D)Despite 139.Federal agencies have finally released the reports indicating a nationwide-------in skilled workers.(A)reward(B)surplus(C)price(D)substitute 140.Cindy in human resources has been-------with putting together profiles of each employee for the company website.(A)appointed(B)hired(C)obligated(D)charged “North Side: Movers and Shakers” has a minor-------of fact.Maria Flanagan is named in the report as the chef of North Side’s Italy 2000 Restaurant.141.(A)matter(B)statement(C)report(D)error She is-------the manager of the fine dining place.Wesley Boyd is the chef.142.(A)actually(B)probably(C)rarely(D)usually I believe the writer of the article may have cited the wrong information because Maria’s daughter, Beth Flanagan, was the restaurant’s chef for a few years.The manager of Italy 2000 Restaurant is extremely proud of-------business as it has played an important role in attracting visitors to the community.143.(A)your(B)her(C)his(D)our It is a great spot to eat a delicious Italian meal!Sincerely yours, Donald Newborn North Side resident Questions 144 to 146 refer to the following e-mail.To: BWA general membership From: Owen Drage, President Date: February 21 Subject: March conference Attachment: Conference brochure and registration form Dear Colleagues, It was an honor to meet so many of you at the general meeting last week, when we talked about ways for members-------information and have our organization benefit the business community.144.(A)have shared(B)are sharing(C)will share(D)to share With that goal in mind, I would like to invite you to attend the BWA Conference on Dealing with the Ongoing Economic Crisis scheduled for March 15-18 in Sacramento.The conference will feature seminars on corporate social responsibility and protecting the stockholders.These-------were 145.(A)arguments(B)topics(C)questions(D)materials

suggested by members in response to a questionnaire that we sent out last month.I am positive that the conference will provide-------opportunities to unite with colleagues and determine ways to use our 146.(A)valuable(B)value(C)to value(D)valuing knowledge in improving the economic picture for everyone involved.Please see the attached files for additional details and information on how to register for the conference.Best regards, Owen Drage, President Business Worldwide Association Questions 147 to 149 refer to the following e-mail.To: Benjamin Castro From: Larry Biggs Re: Internal transfer Date: August 15 Dear Ben, I am pleased to inform you that your request for a transfer has been-------.As of September 1, you 147.(A)cancelled(B)appreciated(C)approved(D)interrupted will be switching from the human resources department in our Dover branch to the research & development department in our headquarters in Richmond.For the Richmond job, you-------to Cynthia Rhodes, the R&D head, as soon as possible to discuss 148.(A)were reported(B)reported(C)reporting(D)will report your immediate tasks, which will include familiarizing yourself with R&D systems, current projects and new research.In addition, may I encourage you to complete any unfinished assignments in your present position and assist in orienting your-------before you vacate your post by the end of 149.(A)occupant(B)replacement(C)recipient(D)attendant the month? Congratulations on your transfer, and we at Dover wish you the best!Warm regards, Larry Biggs Questions 150 to 152 refer to the following article.GamePlan Videos, Inc.reported a considerable-------in its final quarter net earnings after 150.(A)rise(B)interest(C)hold(D)decline launching its newest video game “Music Maker” just six weeks ago.The role-playing game has done very well in a saturated market, selling over one million units-------its first six weeks in major 151.(A)before(B)since(C)after(D)during stores across the country.Ross Patterson, director of GamePlan, said at a press conference that he was “confident about Music Maker’s success, and expects that the popularity of the game will improve GamePlan’s global reputation as a top producer of video games.” Patterson noted that in the same period of time, sales of GamePlan’s other games-------as well.152.(A)grow(B)will grow(C)grew(D)would grow GamePlan Videos now holds about 50 percent of the video game market in the United States.Patterson anticipates GamePlan to obtain a higher share in the international market before the year is over.Keys 101 D 102 A 103 B 104 C 105 B 106 C 107 D 108 C 109 C 110 A 111 C 112 A 113 B 114 B 115 C 116 D 117 C 118 D 119 B 120 A 121 D 122 C 123 B 124 B 125 C 126 D 127 A 128 D 129 C 130 A 131 B 132 A 133 D 134 D 135 A 136 B 137 A 138 C 139 B 140 D 141 D 142 A 143 B 144 D 145 B 146 A 147 C 148 D 149 B 150 A 151 D 152 C