第一篇：2003年1月四級(jí)真題

2003年1月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題

Part IIReading Comprehension(35 minutes)Passage One

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship.At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them.This leads us to ask: What is a hero?

Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about.A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen.But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves.Like high-voltage transformers, he roes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation.Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning.A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?

Heroes are catalysts(催化劑)for change.They have a vision from the mountaintop.They have the skill and the charm to move the masses.They create new possibilities.Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire.Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated(隔離的)buses, restaurants, and parks.It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.21.Although heroes may come from different cultures, the_______.A)are often influenced by previous generations B)all unknowingly attract a large number of fans A)generally possess certain inspiring characteristicsD)probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people

22.According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that_______.A)they have warm feelings and emotions

B)they have a vision from the mountaintop

C)they can make people feel stronger and more confident

D)they can serve as concrete examples of noble principles

23.Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because_______.A)they are not clear about the principles they should follow B)they are popular only among certain groups of people C)their performances do not improve their fans morally D)their primary concern is their own financial interests

24.Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who

________.A)can provide an answer to the problems of their people B)are good at demonstrating their charming characters C)are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships D)can move the masses with their forceful speeches

25.The author concludes that historical changes would ______.A)produce leaders with attractive personalities B)take place if there were heroes to lead the people

C)not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesD)be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities

Passage Four

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they've become wealthier and more worldly-wise.Foreign travel is a national passion;this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad.Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same.American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers.Chains such as KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff.Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel.“Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, 'Let's be nicer,'” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm.“Nothing happens without competition.”

Privatization, or the threat of it.is a motivation as well.Monopolies(壟斷者)that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry.a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful(報(bào)復(fù)的)consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share.even while offering competitive rates.Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman.Now, appointments are

scheduled to the half-hour.The graceless EI Al Airlines, which is already at auction(拍賣), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan.“You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.26.It may be inferred from the passage that_______.A)Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic onesB)customer service in Israel is now improving C)wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please

D)the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel

27.In the author's view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel_______.A)if there's no competition among companies B)without strict routine training of employees

C)if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management D)unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers

28.If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, _______.A)it's no longer necessary to make an appointment B)the appointment takes only half a day to make C)they only have to wait half an hour at most D)they can have it fixed in no time

29.The example of EI Al Airlines shows that_______.A)staff retraining is essential for better service

B)a good slogan has great potential for improving service

C)revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesD)an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty 30.Why did Bezaq's international branch lose 40% of its market share?

A)Because it no longer received any support from the government.B)Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.C)Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.D)Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.Part illVocabulary and Structure(20 minutes)

31.Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone ______ them.A)discoveredB)will discoverC)would have discoveredD)discovers 32.Though ___ in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life.A)grownB)raisedC)tendedD)cultivated

33.The careless man received a ticket for speeding.He ____ have driven so fast.A)can'tB)wouldn'tC)shouldn'tD)mustn't

34.If people feel hopeless, they don't bother to ______ the skills they need to succeed.A)adoptB)acquireC)accumulateD)assemble 35.If I _____ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.A)workedB)were to workC)had workedD)were working

36.The shop assistant was dismissed as she was ____ of cheating customers.A)accusedB)chargedC)scoldedD)cursed 37.All her energies are ___ upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.A)guidedB)aimedC)directedD)focused

38.While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they ___ by wild animals.A)should be attackedB)had been attackedC)must be attackedD)would be attacked

39.Every one should be ___ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A)attributedB)entitledC)identifiedD)justified 40.His wife is constantly finding________ with him, which makes him very angry.A)errorsB)shortcomingsC)faultD)flaw

41.Vitamins are complex________that the body requires in very small amounts.A)mattersB)materialsC)particlesD)substances

42.Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy _______housework as carrying water and firewood.A)time-consumedB)timely-consumedC)time-consumingD)timely-consuming

43.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ________to the outside world.A)having been lostB)to be lostC)losingD)lost

44.The police are trying to find out the______ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A)evidence.B)recognitionC)statusD)identity

45.All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the _______ they keep from someone they talk with.A)distanceB)scopeC)rangeD)boundary 46.We have planned an exciting publicity___________ with our advertisers.A)struggleB)campaignC)battleD)conflict ,47.________ the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.A)BesidesB)Regardless ofC)But forD)Despite

48._______ much is known about what occurs during sleep, the precise function of sleep and its different stages remains largely in the realm of assumption.A)BecauseB)ForC)SinceD)While 49.John doesn't believe in_________ medicine;he has some remedies of his own.A)standard B)regular C)routine D)conventional

50.Owning to________ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably.A)fierceB)StrainedC)eagerD)critical 51.They always give the vacant seats to___________ comes first.means anger.great tit(山雀)is a case 77 point;it has about twenty different calls, 78 in human language the numberA)whoeverB)whomeverC)whoD)whom

52.In America, educational costs are very low for those who are___________ enough to get 61.A)classificationB)definitionC}￡unctioninto universities.62.A)thatB)itC)asA)ambitiousB)fortunateC)aggressiveD)substantial 63.A)nativeB)humanC)physical53.Professor Wang, _____for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.64.A)waysB)meansC)methodsA)knowingB)knownC)to be knownD)having known 65.A)matingB)excitingC)warning54.Our manager is______ an important customer now and he will be back this afternoon.66.A)identicalB)similarC)differentA)calling onB)calling inC)calling upD)calling for 67.A)ButB)ThereforeC)Afterwards55.A fire engine must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of_____.68.A)aboutB)withC)fromA)precautionB)crisisC)emergencyD)urgency 69.A)inferB)explainC)interpret56.He said that the driver must have had an accident;otherwise he______ by then.70.A)encouragesB)enablesC)enforcesA)would have arrivedB)must have arrived 71.A)speechesB)soundsC)wordsC)should arriveD)would arrive

72.A)replacingB)spellingC)pronouncing57.The film provides a deep______ into a wide range of human qualities and feelings.73.A)oursB)theirsC)anotherA)insightB)imaginationC)fancyD)outlook 74.A)soB)andC)but58.It is high time that such practices________.75.A)thisB)thatC)whichA)are endedB)be endedC)were endedD)must be ended

76.A)signsB)gesturesC)signals59.Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if only the_______ charged on public 77.A)inB)atC)oftransport were more reasonable.78.A)whereasB).sinceC)anyhowA)feesB)faresC)paymentsD)costs 79.A)boundlessB)changeableC)limitless60.The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally______, 80.A)ordinaryB)alikeC)commonA)pulled outB)pulled through C)pulled upD）pulled over

Part VWritingPart NCloze(15 1.當(dāng)前社會(huì)上存在許多不誠(chéng)實(shí)的現(xiàn)象 minutes)

2.誠(chéng)實(shí)利人利己，做人應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí) A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds(語(yǔ)聲), and

which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.It Pays to Be Honest

in more detail because it is language, more than anything else,distinguishes man from the rest of the world.Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by of cries: for example, many birds utter at the approach of danger;monkeys utter such as thoughts and feelings clearly.This means, us to divide a and say“ aircraft approaching from the north” or “tanks approaching from the west”;but a

D)perception D)what D)animal D)approaches D)boring D)unfamiliar D)Furthermore D)in D)express D)ensures D)voices D)saying D)others D)or D)it D)marks D)for D)somehow D)ceaseless D)general(30 minutes)

第二篇：秘書四級(jí)真題

一、案例分析(第1題20分，第2題30分，共50分)

1.請(qǐng)看案例分析素材_秘書四級(jí)A-01錄像，找出錄像中秘書行為及工作環(huán)境中正確或錯(cuò)誤的地方（每題連續(xù)播放兩遍，應(yīng)至少找出10處正誤點(diǎn)）。（錄像略）

2.請(qǐng)看案例分析素材_秘書四級(jí)B-03錄像，找出錄像中秘書行為及工作環(huán)境中正確或錯(cuò)誤的地方（每題連續(xù)播放兩遍，應(yīng)至少找出15處正誤點(diǎn)）。（錄像略）

二、操作題(第3題～第4題，每題15分，第5題20分，共50分)3.便 條

鐘苗：

劉明副總經(jīng)理下個(gè)月要接待福建翔遠(yuǎn)公司考察團(tuán)。請(qǐng)你將制定接待計(jì)劃的工作程序以及注意事項(xiàng)用電子郵件發(fā)給我。另外，王鋼總經(jīng)理將要到美國(guó)考察，還請(qǐng)你把商務(wù)旅行計(jì)劃應(yīng)包括的內(nèi)容列出來(lái)，于周五前與上述郵件一起發(fā)給我。謝謝！行政經(jīng)理 ××

××年×月×日

4.便 條

鐘秘書：

定于下周一上午9：00召開的2月份的總經(jīng)理辦公會(huì)，目前決定上會(huì)的事項(xiàng)有：研究總經(jīng)理助理的人選問題、3月份組織青年員工參加野外拓展訓(xùn)練活動(dòng)的實(shí)施問題、春節(jié)慰問老職工的費(fèi)用額度問題、生產(chǎn)部主管人員調(diào)整問題以及春節(jié)后如何開展2007年第一次的春季商品促銷活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你將擬寫的會(huì)議議程于明天一早交給我（注：請(qǐng)考生在備注中說(shuō)明自己安排事項(xiàng)先后的原因）。另外，我正在修訂公司的會(huì)議管理規(guī)定，請(qǐng)你就會(huì)議時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短問題談?wù)勀愕目捶?。行政?jīng)理××

××年×月×日

5.便 條

鐘苗:

現(xiàn)公司的檔案分類采用分類法，其中所要求的判定檔案文件所屬內(nèi)容有些文員還不掌握。請(qǐng)你以文字形式向他們介紹分類法的特點(diǎn)，說(shuō)明如何正確判定檔案文件所屬。

行政經(jīng)理 ××

××年×月×日

第三篇：四級(jí)真題寫作1

No happiness without contributing first

In fact, almost of people need happiness in their life.Happiness is an important part of our daily life.And different people have different opinions on happiness.In my view, l think contribution can make our happy.For example, if you contribute some money for the relief of the poor, you will feel happy and satisfied from the bottom of your heart.Also, you will leave a good impression on their heart.They must appreciate for it.So we all know that there is easy for us to own happiness as long as you can contribute firstly.Certainly, everyone has their own happiness.We are children in our family.When we do some housework, our parents will own the sense of happiness.Because they think you grew up.Then we will find that their happiness from our contributions.Apparently, we also gain happiness from our families.In a word, if you want to gain happiness, you should contribute something firstly.

第四篇：2009年俄語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題

2009-年考題

ЧАСТЬ 3 СЛОВА И ГРАММАТИКА

(30 баллов, 30 минут)

А.Прочитайте предложения и подчеркните самое подходящее слово для подставки.31.Строить свое счастье означает прежде всего в себе талант быть счастливым.а.развивать

б.воспитывать

в.вырастать

32.Человечество в новых источниках энергии, чтобы заменить непрерывно уменьшающие запасы нефти.а.требуется

б.надобится

в.нуждается

33.Особое внимание в японской школе математике, естественным наукам и языкам.а.делится

б.уделяется

в.разделяется

34.Человек, который свои ошибки и исправляет их, никогда славы не теряет.а.признает

б.узнает

в.познает

35.Спортсмен ___________ французу свою кровать, но тот лег на ковер и заснул.а.посоветовал

б.предложил

в.рекомендовал

36.Напряженный интерес местных и зарубежных _____________ вызывает молодой лев, родившийся здесь в зоопарке.а.посетителей

б.покупателей

в.Слушателей

37.За два года он уже хорошо освоил метод _____________ детей плаванию.а.обучения

б.воспитания

в.образования

38.Эти аспиранты были друг на друга, но каждому были свойственны неповторимые индивидуальные черты.а.сходны

б.близки

в.похожи

39.К предстоящему походу надо готовиться как следует, ведь в безграничной степи может случиться.а.каждое

б.любое

в.всякое

40.Экскурсия по местам боевой и трудовой славы помогает воспитывать _____________ любовь к Родине.а.на детях

б.в детях

в.детей

41.своих технических возможностей компьютер представляется наиболее подходящим средством обучения.а.В силу

б.В результате

в.В знак

42.Материальное обеспечение было очень низким, качество одежды и питания смотрится не ___________указанным условием.а.в связи с

б.в соответствии с

в.в согласии с

43.Казалось, что основная сила ума этого ученого заключалась его необыкновенной обобщающей способности.а.о

б.в

в.на

44.научная конференция идет не очень успешно отсутствия ведущих специалистов.а.из-за

б.от

в.из

45.наблюдений и опытов люди узнали, что происходит с огурцом при использовании нового удобрения.а.С

б.Из

в.Из-за

46.Раньше этот механик увлекался лыжами, а теперь ___________ не интересуется.а.нечем

б.ничем

в.ничего

47.Приехали родственники издалека.Брату ___________ ночевать дома, и он остался в училище.а.где-то

б.нигде

в.негде

48.Излагая учение, он никогда не представляет его читателю как нечто окончательное.а.кое-какое

б.какое-то

в.какое-нибудь

49.При проектировании сооружения нужно стремиться к тому, оно соответствовало своему назначению.а.как

б.что

в.чтобы

50.Материалы по данному вопросу настолько обширны, трудно все перечислить.а.что

б.настолько

в.сколько

Б.Прочитайте текст и поставьте слова в скобках в нужной форме(употребите предлоги, где нужно)

Всем известно, что скорость тела может изменяться только при взаимном действии его с другим телом.Многие примеры из ежедневной жизни подтверждают этот вывод.Вот стоит на Земле мяч, но он начинает двигаться относительно(51.Земля)только тогда, когда(52.он)подействует какое-либо тело: столкнется с другим мячом или по нему ударят(53.нога).Но если на мяч не действуют другие тела, то он сам не начнет двигаться.Изменение скорости движения и остановка тела тоже не происходят сами собой, а вызываются действием на(54.двигаться)тело других тел.Скорость пули уменьшается во время прохода(55.доска), то есть от взаимного действия с доской.Катящийся мяч останавливается ввиду трения о землю.Направление движения меняется тоже не само по себе, а только под действием какого-либо тела.(56.Бросить)мяч меняет направление движения при ударе о стену или руку.Направление движения молекулы газа меняется при взаимном ударе ее с другой молекулой или(57.стенка)сосуда, а от одного взаимного удара до другого молекула движется равномерно.Движение тела было бы(58.равномерный), если бы на него не действовали другие тела.Тогда тело двигалось бы(59.постоянная скорость)как угодно долго, не(60.останавливаться)三 A、選詞填空

31.創(chuàng)造屬于自己的幸福首先就應(yīng)使自身潛藏的才干得到發(fā)展，從而成為幸福的人。

答案是a

答案說(shuō)明：воспитывать 指對(duì)人的培養(yǎng)和教育,也指在思想、性格、品質(zhì)、情感、習(xí)慣等方面對(duì)人進(jìn)行教育和培養(yǎng)；вырастать 表示“數(shù)量、規(guī)模、程度”等方面“增加、增長(zhǎng)、擴(kuò)大”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能接直接第四格補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；развивать 指促使人的能力、記憶、興趣、體力等增強(qiáng)，所以選a。

32.人類需要新能源來(lái)代替漸漸枯竭的石油資源

答案是в

答案說(shuō)明：三個(gè)詞可以從接格關(guān)系來(lái)區(qū)別：требоваться 和надобиться 的接格關(guān)系均是行為主體用第三格形式，所需要的人或事物用第一格形式，一般可互換，只是前者語(yǔ)義較強(qiáng)。нуждаться 主語(yǔ)一般是人或人的集體，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)用в ком-чем，所以應(yīng)選 в。

33.日本的學(xué)校非常重視數(shù)學(xué)、自然科學(xué)和語(yǔ)言這些課程。

答案是б

答案說(shuō)明：三個(gè)詞的接格關(guān)系不同：делиться-разделиться на что分成，чем с кем 分給……共享，交流；разделяться-разделиться на что 分成；уделяться кому-чему 分給，撥給，而且 внимание уделяется кому-чему 已成為固定搭配，意義為“重視”，所以答案是б。

34.能承認(rèn)并改正自己錯(cuò)誤的人，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)失去名譽(yù)。

答案是a

答案說(shuō)明：三個(gè)詞同根，均是及物動(dòng)詞，其區(qū)別在于意義不同。познать是指對(duì)事物、現(xiàn)象的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)、理解；узнать指得知、獲悉某事，認(rèn)出某人某物；признать指承認(rèn)某事實(shí)、某情況等。根據(jù)句義可知應(yīng)選答案a。

35.這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員把自己的床讓給一位法國(guó)人睡，自己卻往地毯上一躺，睡著了。

答案是б

答案說(shuō)明：三個(gè)詞的接格關(guān)系相同(кому что)，其區(qū)別在于意義不同。本句考查點(diǎn)并非是“建議”，而是“向某人提供某物，提供幫助、保護(hù)、服務(wù)”，三個(gè)詞中只有предложить具有此意義，所以答案只能選б。

36.動(dòng)物園里出生的一頭小獅子引起了當(dāng)?shù)赜慰秃屯鈬?guó)游客的極大興趣。

答案是a

答案說(shuō)明：三個(gè)詞的詞義不同：посетитель是訪問者、參觀者；покупатель是顧客；слушатель是聽眾。顯然，只有答案a符合題意。

37.兩年內(nèi)他已經(jīng)熟練掌握了教孩子們游泳的方法。

答案是a

答案說(shuō)明：三個(gè)詞都可譯作“教育”，可該句的考點(diǎn)并非“教育”，而是“教”，обучение是обучать的動(dòng)名詞，接格關(guān)系是кого чему，答案自然選a。而воспитание主要指德育教育；образование主要指學(xué)校中的系統(tǒng)知識(shí)教育。

38.這些研究生彼此很相像，可是每個(gè)人又都有其獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。

答案是в

答案說(shuō)明：похожий指人與人在外形、外貌等方面相像，一事物與另一事物在外表上有共同之處，接格關(guān)系為на кого-что;；сходный 指某事物與其他事物在性質(zhì)、程度上或某方面很相像，常用復(fù)數(shù)，接格關(guān)系為с кем-чем, по чему；близкий主要指一事物與另一事物在某方面近似，接格關(guān)系為к кому-чему。根據(jù)三個(gè)詞的接格關(guān)系，便可判定選答案是в。

39.應(yīng)當(dāng)好好地準(zhǔn)備這次旅行，因?yàn)樵跓o(wú)垠的草原上各種各樣的事情都可能發(fā)生。

答案是в

答案說(shuō)明：каждое意義為“每一個(gè)”；всякое和любое表示“不管什么樣的”意義時(shí)，可以相互替換。當(dāng)любой表示在同類事物中“任選其一”的意義時(shí)，不能用всякий替換；всякий當(dāng)“各種各樣的”講時(shí)，也不能用любой替換，中性形式всякое可作名詞使用。因此根據(jù)句義答案應(yīng)選в。

40.游歷那些在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中取得光榮稱號(hào)和在勞動(dòng)中取得光榮業(yè)績(jī)的地方，有助于培養(yǎng)孩子們對(duì)祖國(guó)的熱愛。答案是б

答案說(shuō)明：воспитывать意義為“培養(yǎng)”，接格關(guān)系為что в ком。句中指培養(yǎng)孩子們熱愛祖國(guó)，所以дети應(yīng)為帶前置詞в的第六格形式，而其它形式不能用。

41.計(jì)算機(jī)正是由于自身具有的技術(shù)潛力，所以成為了最適合的學(xué)習(xí)手段。

答案是a

答案說(shuō)明：в силу表示“由于”；в результате表示“由于……結(jié)果”；в знак表示“為了表示……”。根據(jù)句義“由于計(jì)算機(jī)具有的技術(shù)潛力”，所以應(yīng)該選a。

42.物資供應(yīng)水平很低，服裝和飲食質(zhì)量看上去也與規(guī)定的條件不符。

答案是б

答案說(shuō)明：в связи с表示“由于，因?yàn)?，鑒于”；в согласии с表示“遵照，依據(jù)，根據(jù)”；в соответствии с表示“與……相適應(yīng)，相一致，相符合”。根據(jù)句中意思，物質(zhì)待遇方面與規(guī)定的條件不相符，所以選答案б。

43.原來(lái)，這位學(xué)者突出的才華就在于他不同尋常的綜合能力。

答案是б

答案說(shuō)明：當(dāng)заключаться表示“在于”這一詞義時(shí)，其接格關(guān)系應(yīng)為в чем，所以答案應(yīng)選б，其余各項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

44.由于缺乏主要的專家，這次的科技大會(huì)進(jìn)行的不很順利。

答案是a

答案說(shuō)明：三個(gè)詞都是表示原因意義的前置詞，可是它們之間都有著細(xì)微的差別。от чего主要表示客觀的原因，多指不受本人支配的，不由自主的過程、狀態(tài)和結(jié)果；из чего通常表示思想感情的內(nèi)在原因，引起的行為往往是自覺的、有意識(shí)的 ；из-за кого-чего 通常表示引起某種消極的或不良結(jié)果的外在原因。句中會(huì)議進(jìn)行的不很順利，是由于缺乏主要的專家這一原因造成的消極后果，所以答案應(yīng)該選a。

45.通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)人們了解到，用了新肥料之后黃瓜所發(fā)生的變化。

答案是б

答案說(shuō)明：該句并非考查с, из, из-за作為原因前置詞的用法，而是考查из作為“指出根據(jù)、出處、來(lái)源”這一詞義的用法。原句“從觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)中了解到……，”所以答案應(yīng)該選б，其他兩詞均不符合題意。

46.以前這個(gè)機(jī)械師喜歡滑雪，可現(xiàn)在他對(duì)什么也不感興趣了。

答案是б

答案說(shuō)明：此句是否定句，所以只能選用帶ни的否定代詞，интересоваться的接格關(guān)系為кем-чем，所以只能選答案б: ничем。

47.親戚們從遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)了。哥哥在家里沒地方睡覺，只好留在學(xué)校里過夜。

答案是в

答案說(shuō)明：帶не的否定代詞或否定副詞用于無(wú)人稱句，主體用第三格，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用不定式，表示主體沒有什么無(wú)法進(jìn)行某行為。顯然，只有негде是唯一的選擇。

48.他不論闡述哪一個(gè)學(xué)說(shuō)，從不把它作為最終的學(xué)說(shuō)呈現(xiàn)給讀者。

答案是в

答案說(shuō)明：кое-какое учение 表示說(shuō)話人確切知道是某個(gè)學(xué)說(shuō)；какое-то учение表示說(shuō)話人知道有某個(gè)學(xué)說(shuō)存在，但不知是何學(xué)說(shuō)；какое-нибудь учение指任何一個(gè)學(xué)說(shuō)。根據(jù)句義可知答案應(yīng)選в。

49.設(shè)計(jì)建筑物時(shí)，應(yīng)力求使該建筑物符合其用途。

答案是в

答案說(shuō)明：根據(jù)整個(gè)句義分析，這是由стремиться к тому 引導(dǎo)的帶有祈使意義的說(shuō)明從句，所以從句的連接詞應(yīng)使用чтобы，其余兩詞均不符合題意。

50.這個(gè)問題的材料非常廣泛，很難全部列舉。

答案是а

答案說(shuō)明：這是一個(gè)表示程度并兼有結(jié)果意義的主從復(fù)合句。句式為“настолько……, что”，意思是：（某事情或狀態(tài)）是如此地……，以至于（發(fā)生從句的行為），所以應(yīng)選答案a。

三Б、完形填空

譯文：

眾所周知，只有當(dāng)一個(gè)物體和另一個(gè)物體發(fā)生相互作用時(shí)，該物體的速度才可以改變。日常生活中的很多例子都可證明這個(gè)結(jié)論。比如說(shuō)，地上放著一顆球，只有當(dāng)某一物體作用于該球時(shí)，（或者是另一顆球與該球相撞，或者是有人用腳踢這顆球），這顆球相對(duì)于地球來(lái)說(shuō)才開始運(yùn)動(dòng)。但是如果其它物體不作用于該球上，這顆球是不會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的。

一個(gè)物體運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的改變和停止也不是由其本身決定的，而是由其它物體對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)中的物體施加外力而引起的。子彈穿透木板時(shí)，也就是由于子彈與木板間的相互作用力，子彈的速度減小了。滾動(dòng)著的球由于地面的摩擦力漸漸停了下來(lái)。

運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的改變也不是由物體自身決定的，而是在某個(gè)物體的外力作用下改變的。扔出的一顆球，只有砸在墻上或某人的手上，其運(yùn)動(dòng)方向才改變。當(dāng)某個(gè)氣體分子和其它氣體分子或容器壁相互碰撞時(shí)，其運(yùn)動(dòng)方向會(huì)發(fā)生改變。而正是由于分子間不停的碰撞，分子在作勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)。

如果其它物體不作用于該物體上，那該物體將一直是勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)。那么該物體將以恒定的速度不停地運(yùn)動(dòng)下去。

51.Земли。относительность是前置詞，要求第二格，意義為“關(guān)于，對(duì)于”?！哀唰洄擐唰悃讧洄支荮瞌擐?Земли”的意思是“相對(duì)于地球而言”。

52.на него。受動(dòng)詞подействовать支配，接格關(guān)系為на кого-что?！哀擐?него подействует какое-либо тело”的意思是“某個(gè)物體作用于它”。

53.ногой。ударять表打、拍某人身體某部位時(shí)，接кого по чему；打、拍、敲某物時(shí)，通常不直接用что，而接по чему；而某人用某部位去打、拍、踢某物時(shí)，用ударять по чему чем，所以нога應(yīng)變成第五格ногой。

54.двигающееся/движущееся。двигаться在句中作тело的一致定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)與被修飾的名詞保持性數(shù)格一致，且時(shí)間使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示事物固有的特征和性能，所以應(yīng)變成主動(dòng)形動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)中性形式。

55.через доску。проход是проходить的動(dòng)名詞，接格關(guān)系為через что?！哀缨?время прохода через доску”的意思為“在子彈穿過木板的時(shí)候”。

56.Брошенный。Бросить在該句中作мяч的一致定語(yǔ)，修飾мяч，而мяч本是бросить的客體補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)長(zhǎng)尾陽(yáng)性形式。

57.стенкой。這里стенка仍然受前面的前置詞с的支配，直接用第五格形式。“при взаимном ударе ее с другой молекулой или стенкой сосуда” 意義為“當(dāng)某個(gè)氣體分子和其它氣體分子或容器壁相互碰撞時(shí)”。

58.равномерным。равномерный在本句中作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句義可判斷出равномерный表示持久或固有的特征，所以應(yīng)使用長(zhǎng)尾形式。而且它位于было之后，應(yīng)變成第五格形式，同時(shí)應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)движение一致，故使用長(zhǎng)尾中性第五格形式。

59.с постоянной скоростью。с какой скоростью（以……速度）是作為固定搭配的詞組使用的。“с постоянной скоростью”的意思是“物體以恒定的速度運(yùn)行”

60.останавливаясь。動(dòng)詞останавливаться在句中作主語(yǔ)тело的次要?jiǎng)幼?，表示同時(shí)關(guān)系，使用未完成體副動(dòng)詞形式?！哀揣唰鸳乍?тело двигалось……, не останавливаясь”的意思是“那么該物體將不停地運(yùn)動(dòng)下去”。

第五篇：歷年四級(jí)真題翻譯

英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯

一、2013年6月（3）

鼠標(biāo)輕輕一點(diǎn)，購(gòu)物者幾乎就能在網(wǎng)上買到任何東西，從食品百貨到汽車，從保險(xiǎn)單（insurance policies）到理財(cái)產(chǎn)品。電子商務(wù)（electronic commerce）的世界使得消費(fèi)者無(wú)需離開舒適的家就能夠在數(shù)以千計(jì)的網(wǎng)店購(gòu)物，并完成付款。消費(fèi)者不但期望能從網(wǎng)上買到劃算的商品，而且還希望支付過程簡(jiǎn)單、安全。當(dāng)然，網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物者也需要謹(jǐn)慎小心以保證愉快、安全的網(wǎng)購(gòu)經(jīng)歷。

With just a soft click of the mouse, shoppers can buy nearly any product online, from groceries to cars, from insurance policies to financial products.The world of electronic commerce enables consumers to shop at thousands of online stores and pay for their purchase without leaving the comfortable home.Consumers not only expect to pick up a good bargain on the Web, but also a payment with simple and secure process.Of course, online consumers need to be cautious to make their online shopping experiences enjoyable and safe.二、2012年12月（2）

道教（Daoism）是中國(guó)土生土長(zhǎng)的教派（religion），因以“道”為最高信仰而得名。幾千年來(lái)，道教對(duì)中國(guó)人的哲學(xué)觀、世界觀，思維方式以及生活方式等諸多方面產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。道教是中國(guó)兩千多年來(lái)占統(tǒng)治地位的三種宗教哲學(xué)之一。道教豐富了中華民族寶貴的文化遺產(chǎn)（inheritance），為人類文明進(jìn)步作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。

Daoism is the native religion of China, its name stems from “Dao” being its highest object of faith.For thousands of years, Daoism have great influence over the philosophy, world view, ways of thinking and lifestyle of the Chinese.Daoism is one of the three dominant religions philosophies in China for more than two thousand years.Daoism has the culture inheritance of the Chinese people and made significant contributions to the process of people civilization.“你要茶還是要咖啡？”是用餐人常被問到的問題。許多西方人會(huì)選咖啡，而中國(guó)人則會(huì)選茶。相傳，中國(guó)的一位帝王于五千多年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶，并用來(lái)治病。在明清（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）期間，茶館遍布全國(guó)。飲茶在6世紀(jì)傳到日本，但直到17、18世紀(jì)才傳到歐美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的飲料（beverage）之一。茶是中國(guó)的民族飲品，也是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)和文化的重要組成部分。

This is what diners often have been asked “Would like tea or coffee?” Many Westerns favor coffee while the Chinese tend to choose tea.Tradition has it that an ancient Chinese emperor discovered the tea five thousand years ago and used it to treat illness.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, teahouse spread all over China.Tea drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6th century while it was not introduced into Europe or America until the 17th and 18th centuries.Nowdays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.Tea, it is not only a kind of Chinese national drink, but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.四、2012年12月（1）

在中國(guó)，小孩的滿月酒（One-Month-Old Feast）和抓周（One-Year-Old Catch）儀式獨(dú)具特色。小孩出生滿一個(gè)月那天，孩子的加人一般要招呼親朋摯友，邀請(qǐng)他們一起來(lái)慶祝孩子滿月。小孩滿周歲的那天，有抓周的儀式。按照中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)，父母及他人不給予任何引導(dǎo)或暗示，任孩子隨意挑選，看小孩抓喜歡的東西，并以此為依據(jù)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)孩子可能存在的志趣和將來(lái)從事的職業(yè)以及前途。

In China, One-Month-Old Feast and One-Year-Old Catch of a baby are of unique Chinese characteristics.On the day when a baby is a month old, the family of the baby will invite their friends and relatives to a ceremony to celebrate the occasion.According to traditional Chinese custom, nobody will give any instruction or cue to the baby so that it is left free to choose by itself.Watching the baby catch the articles it likes, the family can then make predictions about its potential interest, future and development.農(nóng)歷正月十五是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival）。正月是農(nóng)歷的第一個(gè)月，又稱“元月”，古代人稱夜為“宵”，所以正月十五又被稱為元宵節(jié)。賞燈是元宵節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，這一習(xí)俗是從漢朝開始的，距今已有兩千多年的歷史。元宵節(jié)晚上，到處張燈結(jié)彩，熱鬧非凡。吃湯圓是元宵節(jié)的另一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。在一年開始的第一個(gè)月圓之夜吃元宵，就是希望家人團(tuán)圓、幸福。

The 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival.It is so called first lunar month is call “Yuan month” and in the ancient time people called night “Xiao”.The custom started from the Han dynasty, and has a history of more than two thousand years.In the night, every place is decorated with lanterns and colorful streamers and there is a bustling atmosphere.It is also a traditional custom for Chinese to eat“Tangyuan”at this time.Eating “Tangyuan” on the first night with a full moon in a year is to wish that family members will remain united and happy.六、2013年6月（2）

“春聯(lián)（The Spring Couplet）”也被稱為“對(duì)聯(lián)（couplet）”,在中國(guó)是一種特殊的文學(xué)形式。春聯(lián)由貼在門口兩側(cè)兩組對(duì)立的句子（antithetical sentences）組成。在門上面的橫批（horizontal scroll bearing an inscription）通常是一個(gè)吉祥的短語(yǔ)。貼在門右側(cè)的句子被稱作對(duì)聯(lián)的上聯(lián)（the first line of the couplet）,左側(cè)的為下聯(lián)。除夕那天，每家都會(huì)在門上貼上紅紙寫的春聯(lián)，傳遞出節(jié)日喜慶和熱鬧的氣氛。在過去，中國(guó)人通常用毛筆自己寫春聯(lián)或者請(qǐng)別人寫春聯(lián)，而現(xiàn)在，人們普遍在市場(chǎng)上買印刷好的春聯(lián)。

“The Spring Couplet” also called “couplet”, is a special form of literature in China.The spring couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door.Above the gate horizontal scroll bearing an inscription usually an auspicious phrase.The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet, the left one is the second line.On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household well paste on the doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and bustling atmosphere of the Festival.In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do it for them, while nowdays, it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.七、2013年12月（2）

中國(guó)結(jié)（the Chinese knot）最初是由手工藝人發(fā)明的，經(jīng)過數(shù)百年不斷的改進(jìn)，已經(jīng)成為優(yōu)雅多彩的藝術(shù)和工藝。在古代，人們用它來(lái)記錄事件，但現(xiàn)在主要用于裝飾目的。“結(jié)”在中文里意味著愛情婚姻和團(tuán)聚。中國(guó)結(jié)常常作為禮物交換或用作飾品祈求好運(yùn)和避邪。這種形式的手工藝（handicraft）代代相傳，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在中國(guó)和世界各地越來(lái)越受歡迎。

The Chinese knot, originally invented by the craftsmen, has become an elegant and colorful art and craft over hundreds of years’ improvement.In ancient times, it used to record events, but nowdays it is mainly functioning as decoration.“Knot” signifies love, marriage and reunion in Chinese.Often used as gift exchange and decoration, Chinese knot is believed to brbing good luck as well as ward off evil spirits.The handicraft have been passed down from one generation to another and now enjoys more and more popularity both at home and abroad.八、2012年6月

中西方飲食習(xí)慣（eating habits）存在極大的差異。在不同于西方那種沒人一盤食物的飲食習(xí)慣，在中國(guó)，菜肴是被放在桌上讓大家共同分享的。如果你在中國(guó)主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌食物的心理準(zhǔn)備。中國(guó)人對(duì)于自己的烹飪文化（culture of cuisine）感到非常自豪，而且會(huì)盡全力去展示自己的好客（hospitality）。而且有時(shí)候，中國(guó)主人會(huì)用他們的筷子把食物夾到你的碗里或者盤子中。這是禮貌的體現(xiàn)。

There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits.Unlike the west, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares.If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table full of food.Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality.And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate.This is a sign of politeness.i