第一篇：初中英語

一、概說

連詞是一種虛詞，用于連接單詞、短語、從句或句子，在句子中不單獨(dú)用作句子成分。連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用于連接并列的單詞、短語、從句或句子，如and, but, or, for等；從屬連詞主要引出名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句等)和狀語從句(時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句等)，引出名詞性從句的連詞如that, whether等，引出狀語從句的連詞如when, because, since, if 等。

二、并列連詞的用法

1.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 but, yet 等。如：

Someone borrowed my pen, but I don't remember who.有人借了我的鋼筆，但我不記得是誰了。

He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn't help us.他說他是我們的朋友，但卻不肯幫助我們。

2.表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 for, so 等。如：

The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor.這孩子咳得很利害，所以他媽媽帶他去看醫(yī)生。

You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors.你們一定要克服粗枝大葉，因?yàn)榇种Υ笕~常常引起嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。

注意：for表示結(jié)果通常不能放句首，也不能單獨(dú)使用。

3.表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 and , or , either?or , neither?nor , not only?but(also), both?and , as well as 等。如：

He didn't go and she didn't go either.他沒去，她也沒去。

The weather is mild today;it is neither hot nor cold.今天天氣很溫暖，不冷也不熱。Both New York and London have traffic problems.紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題。

It is important for you as well as for me.這對(duì)你和對(duì)我都很重要。

People who are either under age or over age may not join the army.年齡不到或者超齡的人都不得參軍。

三、從屬連詞的用法

1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞

(1)表示“當(dāng)?時(shí)候”或“每當(dāng)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如： Don't talk while you're eating.吃飯時(shí)不要說話。

Vegetables are best when they are fresh.蔬菜新鮮時(shí)最好吃。

He came just as I was leaving.我正要走時(shí)他來了。

(2)表示“在??之前(或之后)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有before, after。如：

Try to finish your work before you leave.離開前設(shè)法把工作做完。

After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass.喝完茶之后我們將坐在草地上。

(3)表示“自從”或“直到”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有since, until, till。如：

She's been playing tennis since she was eight.她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。

Hold on until I fetch help.堅(jiān)持一下，等我找人來幫忙。

Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.(諺)不要無事惹事。

(4)表示“一??就”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner?than, hardly?when等。如： I'll let you know as soon as I hear from her.我一接她的信就通知你。

The moment I have finished I'll give you a call.我一干完就給你打電話。

I came immediately I heard the news.我一聽到這個(gè)消息，馬上就來了。

Once you begin you must continue.你一旦開始, 便不可停下來。

(5)表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the)next time(下次)，any time(隨時(shí))，(the)last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如： I'll tell him about it(the)next time I see him.我下一次見到他時(shí)，我就把這個(gè)情況告訴他。We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands.每當(dāng)我們洗手的時(shí)候，我們都要損失一些皮膚細(xì)胞。

You can call me any time you want to.你隨時(shí)都可以給我打電話。

注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠詞，(the)next time,(the)last time中的冠詞可以

省略，而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。

2.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞。這類連詞主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。如： Do you mind if I open the window?我開窗你不介意吧?

Don't come unless I telephone.除非我打電話，否則你別來。

As long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do.只要你高興，你做什么都沒關(guān)系。In case it rains they will stay at home.萬一下雨，他們就呆在家里。

注意：在條件狀語從句中，通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)。

不過，有時(shí)表示條件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是將來時(shí)態(tài), 而是表示意愿或委婉的請(qǐng)求(will為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)。如：

If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here.請(qǐng)稍坐, 我這就通知經(jīng)理說您來了。

3.引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如： He raised his voice so that everyone could hear.他提高了嗓音，以便每個(gè)人都能聽見。Take your umbrella(just)in case it rains.帶上雨傘，以防下雨。

She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand.她把那些指示慢慢重復(fù)了一遍好讓他聽明白。

4.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有so that, so?that, such?that等。如：

I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.我去聽演講去得很早, 所以找個(gè)好座位。I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over.我摔了許多跤，以致于全身都是青一塊紫一塊的。

He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他關(guān)窗子用力很大, 結(jié)果玻璃震破了。

5.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有because, as, since, seeing(that), now(that), considering(that)等。如：

He distrusted me because I was new.他不信任我，因?yàn)槲沂切聛淼摹?/p>

As you are sorry, I'll forgive you.既然你悔悟了，我就原諒你。

Since we've no money, we can't buy it.由于我們沒錢，我們無法購買它。

Seeing that he's ill he's unlikely to come.因?yàn)樗×?，他大概不?huì)來了。

Now that she has apologized, I am content.既然她已經(jīng)道了歉, 我也就滿意了。

6.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如：

Although they are twins, they look entirely different.他們雖是孿生, 但是相貌卻完全不同。I like her even though she can be annoying.盡管她有時(shí)很惱人, 但我還是喜歡她。You won't move that stone, however strong you are.不管你力氣多大, 也休想搬動(dòng)那塊石頭。

Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support.我們?nèi)〉玫囊磺谐删投細(xì)w功于你們的支持。

Whoever you are, you can't pass this way.不管你是誰，你都不能從這里通過。

Whenever I see him I speak to him.每當(dāng)我見到他，我都和他講話。

7.引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。如：

Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不聽我的話趕乘末班公共汽車呢? He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber.他將鐵棍折彎，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。

Nobody else loves you the way(=as)I do.沒有人像我這樣愛你。

8.引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如： The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.這座教堂蓋在一座羅馬寺廟的舊址。

I'll take you anywhere you like.你想到哪兒我就帶你到哪兒。

Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.不管我走到哪里，我都發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣情況。

9.引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有than和as?as。如：

She was now happier than she had ever been.現(xiàn)在她比過去任何時(shí)候都快活。

I glanced at my watch.It was earlier than I thought.我看了看表，時(shí)間比我想像的早。He doesn't work as hard as she does.他工作不像她那樣努力。

10.引起名詞從句的從屬連詞。主要有that, whether, if 等，它們用于引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。其中that 不僅沒不充當(dāng)句子成分，而且沒有詞義，在句子中只起連接作用；而 if, whether 雖不充當(dāng)句子成分，但有詞義，即表示“是否”。如： He replied that he was going by train.他回答說他將坐火車去。

I wonder if it's large enough.我不知道它是否夠大。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我為是否傷了她的感情而擔(dān)心。

第二篇：初中英語

()21.I think _____ is meaningful for us to help other people.A.it B.that C.this D.it's

()22.Mile _____.A.joined B.would C.did D.was

()23.People over 18 can group ____ into a team of four people and join the charity walk.A.they B.their C.theirs D.them

()24.They should plan ____ during the walk.A.what are they going to carry

B.what they are going to carry

C.how are they going to carry

D.how should they carry

()25.If you finish the walk ____ two hours, you will receive a certificate.A.within B.for C.since D.after

()26.Which team is ____, yours or theirs?

A.popular B.more popular

C.most popular D.the most popular

()27.I wish that I ____ a bird.A.am B.is C.was D.be

()28.Mr Li, our maths teacher, was ill this morning ____ he didn't come to school today.A.so B.because of C.because D.but

()29.They need ____ together to finish the hike because only the team's finishing time will be recorded.A.walk B.walking C.walked D.to walk

()30.It is wrong ____ some people look down on blind people and it is necessary for ____ ____ help them.A.that;us;to B.that;we;to

C.that;you;too D./;us;to

52.What can you do to help if you have a ______(disable)classmate?

53.Lots of people in this town became _________(home)after the earthquake.54.Green tells us the meaning of _____(grow)and life.55.For _______(far)information about the charity walk, you can call Mr Zhang.56.We have a _______(fit)test every year.

第三篇：初中英語

范文：一次體育課 A PE Lesson 下面是某節(jié)體育課的有關(guān)情況，請(qǐng)你據(jù)此寫一篇日記。

1．時(shí)間：5月28日，星期一，下午。

2．天氣：陰。

3．項(xiàng)目：跳遠(yuǎn)（jump）。

4．過程：

（1）打上課鈴時(shí)就在操場(chǎng)集合；

（2）做準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)（warming—upexercises）；

（3）聽老師講解并示范；

（4）我因心情緊張而失??；

（5）不灰心，反復(fù)練習(xí)；（6）終于跳過了3米。

5．體會(huì)：只要有恒心（perseverance）就一定能成功。

注意：

1．內(nèi)容必須包括所有要點(diǎn)，但不能逐點(diǎn)翻譯。

2．日記格式要正確。

3．詞數(shù)100左右。

A PE Lesson

May 28th Monday Cloudy

This afternoon we had a PE lesson.Our teacher taught us to practise the long jump.When the bell rang，we gathered on the playground.After warming-up exercises，the teacher told us the way of long jump and showed us how to do it.Then we followed the teacher and practised one after another.Soon came my turn，but I felt a hit nervous.Though I failed the first time，yet I didn't lose my heart.I kept on practising.At last I was able to jump over 3 meters.From this lesson I came to see that one will succeed if he has perseverance.范文：寫給母親的感謝信 My dearest Mother，The mother's day is coming and I would like to say “Happy mother's day” in this letter.I love you and thank you so much for everything you did for me.This day，I will stay away and can't give you my appreciation at home.I know I will watch myself，so don't worry about me.I am doing very well on my study.My schoolmates and teachers are all very nice.Though I can't be at home，I hope you have a wonderful mother's day.Love，Your son

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Dear mother ：

I am writing to express my deepest thanks to you in Mother's Day，dear mother，you devote all of your energy and blood to our.you do not have any complaint about my brother and i.You love our though various different approaches such as study，work and life，consequently，our held on the belief that the mother is only lover.please accept our appreciate again

I hope that you have happiness everyday.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Mum：

Such is sons' nature，I really do not know how to express my thanks to you.However，I can imagine，on the day 18 years ago，when you gave birth to me，what a complex feeling you had.In the past few years，every day you struggle me up in the morning and prepare breakfast for me，then in the afternoon，you always welcome your only son with delicious foods after a day’s hardwork.Now your son has been 18 and will go to university soon，like a bird is leaving its parents.Nevertheless，your footprints on my heart will never ever fade and——I love you mum！

范文：介紹校內(nèi)配套設(shè)施

I am very glad to show you around.As you can see，my school is very small.It has only one building which is built like a ring.It has four floors in all.On the first floor are the offices of leaders.The classrooms and the offices of teachers are on the other three floors.On the second floor，there is a reading room.In front of the building is the playground.1樓

關(guān)于初中畢業(yè)計(jì)劃英語作文

當(dāng)學(xué)校的鈴聲再次響起的時(shí)候，我就要和我的初中生活說再見了。此刻我感覺到如此的累，以至于我只想回家好好睡一覺。我將像一只飛鳥一樣自由，并且可以做我喜歡做的事。放假期間，我想要干什么呢？當(dāng)然有很多，但是我最想做的一件事是去提高我的英語。我的英語是我所有課目中最差的。

我在它上面努力了，但我取得的進(jìn)步很小。我不擅長讀和寫，因此我必須在這上面多做一些。每天早上我將會(huì)大聲朗讀三篇短篇故事，并用英語記日記。我會(huì)記住我的英語老師的建議，“如果你想學(xué)好英語，最好的方式是每天用它?！?初中畢業(yè)計(jì)劃英語作文

When the bell rang again school of time, I will be with my junior high school life say goodbye.At this moment, I felt so tired that I want to go home and have a good sleep.I will be as free as a bird, and can be doing what I love to do.During the holidays, I want to do? Of course, there are many, but I want to do a thing is to improve my English.My English is the worst of all my subjects.I was hard at it, but I have little progress.I'm not good at reading and writing, so I must be doing something in it more.Every morning I will read aloud three short story, and keeps a diary in English.I will remember my English teacher's advice, “if you want to learn English well, the best way is to use it every day.”

我熟悉的一個(gè)人英語作文 my sister

My sister is very beautiful.She has short hair, small eyes, high nose & small mouth.Because she likes study, she studies very well.She likes English & maths very much.So studies English & maths very well.She likes tidy, so bedroom is very tidy.My sister likes swimming.She swims slower than me.She cooks very well.She can cook delicious dinner.I like eating the food.She is my sister Jenny.My friend

My friend is tong(李冰).he has short hair,small eyes,high nose.he likes study,he studies very well.He is a good boy.He likes swimming.He swims slower than me.He cooks very well.He is my good friend.My Mother My mother is a kind & hardworking woman.She has long hair, & big nose.Her eyes look like grapes.She usually get up at seven.Every morning.She cooks breakfast ,she usually goes to work at one.At six,she goes to the super market to buy vegetables.At seven, she cooks dinner.I think she is very tired at that moment.She ofen teaches me how to get along with my studies &encourages me to study hard.My life is colourful.I get up at half past six.I wash my face & brush my teeth.I have breakfast at seven.I usually have bread,milk & noodles for breakfast.I go to school at a quarter past seven.I go to school on foot.At eight , I study math.at nine,I study Chinese , atten ,I study English.I go back home at five.I have dinner at six.I have rice ,meat & cabbges for dinner.Ido homework at seven.I go to bed at nine.我熟悉的一個(gè)人英語作文

我的日常生活(My Daily Routine)my daily life routine 介紹我的日常生活

I have the same routine from Monday to Friday.I usually get up at five fifty.Then I have breakfast.At six thirty, I go to school.I don’t ride a bike.I go to school on foot.I have five lessons in the morning.I do morning exercises with my classmates after the second lesson.At eleven thirty, I go home for lunch.In the afternoon, I have three lessons.After class, we often have sports in the playground.At five, I go home.After supper, I do my homework.At about ten, I go to bed.I am happy every day.關(guān)于讀書的英語作文-我最愛的一本書my favorite book/idol/film

As a student, we have study for many years.During there years, we study Chinese, English, science and so on.In this period, with the improvement of our knowledge, we not only read the books in class but also read extracurricular after school.In my opinion Dream of the red chamber is the best book I have read.In this book, the great author Cao xueqin his view about love.He had firmly faith in what is the true love and try to tell us that there are different kinds of love, only one kind which should be considered as True Love.In a dream, and under mythical circumstances, the main character of the novel, Jia baoyu, met the Fairy Disenchantment in the Land of Illusions.She showed him three “registers” each containing the names and “the happenings in life” of 12 girls in his clan.Each girl represents a kind of love.From the stories which are unfolding in the novel, the reader should know the characteristics of the different kinds of love, and should be able to distinguish True Love from the other kinds.True love is acceptance, committal, mutual and without any post conditions.The love between Lin daiyu and Jia baoyu is considered to be True Love.Just saying or hearing I love you is not good enough because talk is cheap.Action in mutual commitment is essential, as we can see in the novel.We always have dreams.What’s ours dream? Do you know what you exactly want? And do you work hard for it.In this book, you can taste the feeling of the author about his strong will.In his words, you can find the charm of Chinese.It is not a book, but a precious deposits.You can get a lot from it.But unfortunately, the novel was never “completed” to such a state.On the other hand, maybe, it is another kind of beauty of the book.If you have not read this book yet, just go and read it.You will love it.初中自我介紹英語作文模板

My name is....I'm thirteen years old.I come from +某地.I'm in Class One ,Grade One.I'm a sunny girl/boy.I love my teachers and classmates.I love my class，too.There are four people in my family.They are my father,my mother,my sister and I.My father is a worker.He works in the factory.My mother is a doctor.She works in the hospital.They love their work.They work very hard.My sister is a student.We study in the same school.She studies very carefully.My favorite sport is basketball.After school,I often play basketball with my friends.關(guān)于母親的英語作文

I love my mother very much.Like many other Chinese women, my mother is diligent.She works in a primary school.In order to teach well, she prepares her lectures very carefully and often works so late at night.My mother is very kind and sincere.She gets along with her neighbors and colleagues.When they have difficulties, she is always ready to lend them a helpful hand.Therefore she is loved and respected in our neighborhood.From Joozone.com.Mother often tells me to be honest and upright.She expects me to be useful to the people in the future.Up to now, I still remember her saying: Do as much as you can and you will succeed.關(guān)于人生目標(biāo)的英語作文 The goal of my life is living a simple happy and healthy life.What I want is a simple life not a complicated one.Because what my job or career offers me are difficult issues which I must handle them properly, and sometimes they are so boring and tedious,but I have to do.So after a day's work, I want to have a break and do some things which would provide me happiness and a harmonious life.It is so simple like that, I have a supper with my families talking some funny and humourous topics, or I sit on grass with who I loved looking at the beautiful sky and counting the numbers of the stars.It is simple, but very harmonious and romantic.I also want to spend sometime on my hobbies,such as playing table tennis,badminton,basketball and so forth.I like sports very much and I believe it will benefit me all my life.What I gained from sports are not only speed,strength and skill but also competitiveness,teamwork and so on.Sports could give me a strong and energetic body and a healthy life.The goals of my life are just written as above,and they will be pursued by myself all my life.父親節(jié)英語祝福作文

這是一篇關(guān)于初中英語作文的作文，是一位同學(xué)在父親節(jié)期間寫給爸爸的一封信，供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)參考。

Father＇s Day

Yesterday was Father＇s Day.I had planned to give my father a present.But I didn＇t remember it until in the morning.It was too late to post a card to him.So I decided to buy something.When I was in the department store.I found it was not easy for me to choose something right for him.Suddenly I

got an idea.I ran home and opened my computer.I made a beautiful card and mailed him through the Internet.then I began to make supper.When father came home, he was very glad to find a big meal on the table.then I asked him to check his e-mail.He was amazed to find a beautiful card in his e-mail-box.What a wonderful surprise!

關(guān)于錢的英語作文

Money is indeed important, but money cannot buy everything.A miser may think that “money talks,” but if you only give your attention to making money, you may lose many things, such as health, friendship and love.I don＇t think we should regard money as everything.Money is just a tool that can help us solve problems or enable us to live a comfortable life.What we should do is to use it appropriately and not become misers.This way, all of us can lead a happier lives.關(guān)于雪的英語作文

It was snow just now, there are lots of snow in the sky.The rivers are stopping flowing.The ground is covered with a layer of snow.The snow looks like smoke, it’s white.It likes a piece of paper.The snow fall from the sky.It kisses the ground.How white the snow is!How beautiful the snow is!

I like snow!I like winter!

第四篇：初中英語

1.The professor gave him one of the best ____ after class.A.piece of adviceB.pieces of advices C.Piece of advices D.pieces of advice.2.You may drop in or just give me a call._____ will do.A.eitherB.EachC.NeitherD.All

3.Do you paly ___ piano in your free time?

No,I like sports, I often play___soccer with my friends.A.the, /B.the, theC./，theD./，/

4.Our summer holiday is coming.Two ____ the students in our school will go to thebeach.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundred of D.hundreds of

5.Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening?

No, he____ to England.He will be back next month.A.returnedB.has returnedC.returnsD.will return

6.I _____ English in that school since I came to the city.A.have taughtB.am teachingC.will teachD.Taught

7.____number of trees____ around Beijing every year.Our environment is getting better and better.A.are plantB.are plantedC.are planting D.were planted.8.A:The light in the office is still on.B: oh, I forgot _______.A.Turning it offB.Turn it offC.To turn it offD.Having turned it off

第五篇：初中英語

初中英語語法知識(shí)框架總結(jié)

中考的語法，初一占50%，初二占50%，然而到了初三是復(fù)習(xí)拔高的過程。而在中考當(dāng)中，單項(xiàng)選擇和完形填空是考察語法的兩道大題，其中以名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞、冠詞以及句子（賓語從句出現(xiàn)頻率較高）為主旋律，幾乎年年都在考，另外，還要單獨(dú)把動(dòng)詞拿出來講，縱觀近五年北京中考英語，只要涉及語法，動(dòng)詞是必考的，這就要同學(xué)們從現(xiàn)在開始牢記動(dòng)詞的三單形式，動(dòng)詞的一般過去式，動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，當(dāng)然，動(dòng)詞的原型是必會(huì)的。同時(shí)還要熟練掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，這些時(shí)態(tài)在中考當(dāng)中地位也是相當(dāng)高的，歷來是走在時(shí)尚的最前沿。下面就歷年語法出現(xiàn)的頻率高低進(jìn)行排序

一、代詞

二、時(shí)態(tài)

三、詞匯

四、非謂語動(dòng)詞

五、固定短語

六、形容詞、副詞

七、連詞

八、介詞

九、賓語從句

十、被動(dòng)語態(tài)

十一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

十二、主將從現(xiàn)

十三、數(shù)

十四、對(duì)話問答

十五、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。

初中基本語法框架

Ⅰ 詞類:

名詞冠詞代詞形容詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)詞副詞介詞連詞感嘆詞

名詞：

1.名詞的種類

專有名詞集體名詞普通名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞

2.名詞的數(shù)

3.名詞的格

(二)冠詞

1.定冠詞-the

2.不定冠詞-a / an

3.零冠詞

(三)形容詞

1.形容詞的構(gòu)成2.形容詞的用法

3.形容詞的位置

4.形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)(一般加 er / est，不規(guī)則見表)

(四)副詞

1.副詞的種類時(shí)間副詞2 地點(diǎn)副詞3 方式副詞4 程度副詞5 疑問副詞 6 關(guān)系副詞 7 連接副詞 8 頻率副詞9 其他副詞

2.副詞的用法作狀語2 作定語(要后置)3 作表語4 作賓補(bǔ)，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語

3.副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)

(五)數(shù)詞 1.基數(shù)詞 2.序數(shù)詞

六)代詞

物主代詞反身代詞相互代詞 指示代詞 不定代詞 疑問代詞 關(guān)系代詞 連接代詞

(七)動(dòng)詞

行為動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

注：動(dòng)詞(除情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只有原形和過去式)有原形、第三人稱單數(shù)、動(dòng)詞-ing、動(dòng)詞過去式、動(dòng)詞過去分詞五種形式。

(八)介詞

1.介詞的種類簡單介詞2 合成介詞3 短語介詞4 分詞介詞

2.介詞短語在句子中的作用：作定語2 作狀語3 作表語4 作賓語補(bǔ)足語

3.常用介詞的基本用法：表示時(shí)間的介詞表示位置，方位的介詞表示交通方式的常用介詞其他一些詞組搭配介詞

(九)連詞

1.并列連詞：

表聯(lián)合關(guān)系連詞轉(zhuǎn)折連詞選擇連詞

2.從屬連詞：引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句的連用引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞：

(十)非謂語動(dòng)詞 5 作主語補(bǔ)足語

1.定義：動(dòng)詞除在句子中作謂語以外，還具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語等，這就是動(dòng)詞的非謂語動(dòng)詞?？煞譃槿N：動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞。

2.動(dòng)詞不定式

3.動(dòng)名詞

4.分詞：動(dòng)詞原形+ing。具有形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞一些特征。(可分為現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)

現(xiàn)在分詞

過去分詞

(十一)動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)

1.語態(tài)定義：英語中表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式稱為語態(tài)。英語的語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。We teach English in our school.(主動(dòng))English is taught in our school.(被動(dòng))

2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：助動(dòng)詞Be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(be +p.p.)，be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。見下表：

時(shí) 態(tài) 謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 例 子

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am / is / are + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 Colour TVs are made in the factory.一般過去時(shí) Was / were +動(dòng)詞過去分詞 My hometown was liberated in 1949.一般將來時(shí) Shall / will + be +動(dòng)詞過去分詞 The film will be shown again.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) Am / is / are + being +動(dòng)詞過去分詞 The walls are being painted.過去進(jìn)行時(shí) Was / were +being動(dòng)詞過去分詞 The tickets were being well sold then.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Has / have + been + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 A new road has been built here.(十二)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：

時(shí)態(tài) 表示內(nèi)容 謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成 常用的時(shí)間狀語 例句

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般將來時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去將來時(shí)

Ⅱ 句子

1.定義：組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分，即：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語都是謂語里的組成部分。

句子的種類

1.英語中按使用目的或功用分為四類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。句子類型

1.從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，英語的句子可分為三種類型：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。

2.簡單句：由一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)構(gòu)成的句子叫做簡單句。簡單句有六種句型：主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(+狀語)2 主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語3 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語.4 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語5 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語6 There +be+主語+狀語

3.并列句：由并列連詞把兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子。常用的并列連詞有and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet, neither…nor, either…or, still, however, not only…but also等。并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句+并列詞+簡單。

4.復(fù)合句：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫做復(fù)合句。主句是句子的主體，從句只用作句子的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立。從句可以擔(dān)任復(fù)合句的主語(主語從句)、表語(表語從句)、賓語(賓語從句)、定語(定語從句)、狀語(狀語從句)。中學(xué)階段主要學(xué)習(xí)含有狀語從句、賓語從句、定語從句的復(fù)合句。

主語從句

狀語從句

定語從句

賓語從句

表語從句

Ⅲ There be 句型

Ⅳ 主謂一致

反意疑問句是英語四大問句之一，它是由一個(gè)陳述句加上一個(gè)短問句而構(gòu)成的。反意疑問句的基本構(gòu)成形式是：陳述句+動(dòng)詞(肯定或否定)+主語？如：

①She often has lunch at school, doesn’t she? ②You don’t like sports, do you?使用反意疑問句要注意以下若干對(duì)應(yīng)規(guī)則：

一、反意疑問句中問句部分的動(dòng)詞與陳述部分的動(dòng)詞在語氣上成相反的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，即：肯定+否定？ 否定+肯定？如：

①You can’t do it, can you? ②They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they?

二、反意疑問句中問句部分的動(dòng)詞與陳述部分的動(dòng)詞種類要對(duì)應(yīng)一致。如：①He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he?(不能用hasn’t he?)

②They have known the matter, haven’t they?(不能用don’t they?)

三、反意疑問句中問句部分的動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上應(yīng)和陳述部分的時(shí)態(tài)一致。如：①They will go to town soon, won’t they?(不能用don’t they?或 aren’t they?)②He works very hard, doesn’t he?(不能用didn’t he?或won’t he?)

四、反意疑問句的陳述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞語時(shí)，陳述部分要視為肯定含義，問句部分用否定形式。如：

①Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?(不能用is he?)

②The man is dishonest, isn’t he?(不能用is he?)

③It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?)

五、反意疑問句的陳述部分帶有l(wèi)ittle, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意義的詞時(shí)，問句部分用肯定式。如：

①She never tells a lie, does she?(不用doesn’t she?)

②He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn’t he?)

六、反意疑問句的陳述部分為I am……時(shí)，問句部分習(xí)慣上用aren’t I？表示。如：I am a very honest man, aren’t I?

七、反意疑問句的陳述部分為I(We)think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that從句時(shí)，問句部分的動(dòng)詞及主語與that從句內(nèi)的動(dòng)詞和主語保持一致。如：

①I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he?

②We think that English is very useful, isn’t it?(不用don’t we?)

八、反意疑問句的陳述部分為I(We)don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that從句時(shí)，從句為否定意義，問句部分的動(dòng)詞和主語仍與that從句保持一致且用肯定式。如：①I don’t think that you can do it, can you?(不用do I?)

②We don’t believe that the news is true, is it?(不用do we?)

九、反意疑問句的陳述部分為非第一人稱主語+ think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that從句時(shí)，問句部分的動(dòng)詞和主語與陳述部分的主句動(dòng)詞和主語保持一致。如：①They all think that English is very important, don’t they?(不用isn’t it?)

②He didn’t think that the news was true, did he?(不用wasn’t/ was it?)

十、反意疑問句的陳述部分為主語+said(told, reported, asked……)+ that從句時(shí)，問句部分的動(dòng)詞和主語與陳述部分的主句動(dòng)詞和主語保持一致。如：

①They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they?(不用hadn’t you)②Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she?(不用wouldn’t she?)

十一、陳述部分的主語為不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everything時(shí)，問句部分的主語用it。如：

①Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?②Nothing has happened to them, has it?

十二、陳述部分的主語為不定代詞somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)時(shí)，問句部分的主語用he或 they，這時(shí)問句動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和he或 they一致。如：

①Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?

②Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t they?

十三、陳述部分為Let me……時(shí)，問句部分習(xí)慣上用shall I? 或will you?形式。如：Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)

十四、陳述部分為Let us……時(shí)，問句部分習(xí)慣上用will you?形式。如：

Let us stop to rest, will you?

十五、陳述部分為Let’s……時(shí)，問句部分習(xí)慣上用shall we?形式。如：

Let’s go home together, shall we?

十六、陳述部分用上述情況以外的祈使句時(shí)，問句部分一般用will you?形式表示請(qǐng)求，用won’t you？形式表示委婉請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)。如：

①Do sit down, won’t you?/ will you? ②You feed the bird today, will you?

③Please open the window, will you?(won’t you?)

十七、陳述部分為否定祈使句時(shí)，問句部分一般用will you?形式。如：

Don’t make any noise, will you?

十八、陳述部分為There(Here)+ be + 主語時(shí)，問句部分用動(dòng)詞+there(here)?形式。如：

①There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there? ②Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here?

十九、陳述部分用had better +原形動(dòng)詞表示建議時(shí)，問句部分用hadn’t +主語？形式。①You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you?

②We had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we?

二十、陳述部分用used to +主語時(shí)，問句部分用didn’t + 主語？或usedn’t +主語？形式。

①He used to live in the country, didn’t he?/usedn’t he?

②They used to be good friends, didn’t they?/usedn’t they?

二十一、陳述部分用must(may, might)+ have + V-ed表示推測(cè)時(shí)，若句中帶有明顯的過去時(shí)間的狀語，問句部分動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)形式。如：

①He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn’t he?

(不用mightn’t he?/ hasn’t he?)

②You must have got up late this morning, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/haven’t you?)

二十二、陳述部分用must(may, might)+ have + V-ed表示推測(cè)時(shí)，若句中沒有帶明顯的過去時(shí)間的狀語，問句部分動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式。如：

①Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven’t they?(不用mustn’t they?)

②You must have worked there a year ago, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/ haven’t you?)

二十三、陳述部分的主語為從句時(shí)，問句部分的主語一般用it代替，如：

①What he said is true, isn't it?(不用didn’t he?)

②Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it?(不用won’t we?)二

十四、陳述部分的主語為動(dòng)名詞或不定式時(shí)，問句的主語用it代替。如：①To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it?

②Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it?(汪文)