第一篇：水土保持專業(yè)英語

W2 Greenhouse gases and global warming

Key note

Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere

Carbon dioxide(CO2)is the main vehicle of carbon flux between atmosphere, oceans and biota.Fossil fuels(coal,oil and natural gas)present in the atmosphere lay dormant until recent centuries.The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased from about 280 parts per million(ppm)in 1750 to about 350 ppm in 1990 and is still rising , with the main reason for the increase being the combustion of fossil fuels.Estimates of future CO2 emissions, and the combustion to be expected in the atmosphere vary, but it appears likely that the concentration will rise to a mean about 500 ppm by the year 2050.The greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect is a theory which proposes that pollution by common anthropogenic(i.e.created by humans)pollutants such as CO2 and methane may lead to an increased global temperature.Over the last century , CO2 concentrations have risen and global air temperatures have increased by 0.4-0.7℃,which supports this theory.The atmosphere formed around the earth insulates the planet from full effects of heats loss by trapping heat in the atmosphere using greenhouse gases ,which include water vapor as well as CO2 and other anthropogenic pollutants.Doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration from its present level is predicted to lead to a further warming of around 3.5℃.Related topics

Solar radiation and climate(C1)

Ozone depletion(W3)

Air, water and soil pollutants(W1)Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere

Photosynthesis and respiration are the two opposing processes driving the global carbon cycle.It is predominantly a gaseous cycle, with CO2 as the main vehicle of flux between atmosphere , oceans and biota.Historically, the lithosphere played only a minor role;fossil fuels(coal,oil and natural gas)lay dormant until recent centuries.The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased from about 280(ppm)in 1750 to about 350 ppm in 1990 and is still rising.Since 1958 the atmosphere CO2 concentration has risen from 315 ppm to 350 ppm in 1990(Fig.1).The principal cause of the increase in atmospheric CO2 in recent years has been the combustion of fossil fuels, which in 1990 released about 5.5×109 tons of carbon into the atmosphere.The exploitation of rain forest has also caused a significant release of CO2.The burning that follows most forest clearance quickly converts some of the vegetation to CO2, while decomposition of the remaining vegetation releases CO2 over a longer period.If forests have been cleared to provide for permanent agriculture, the carbon content of the soil is reduced through decomposition of soil organic matter and/or by erosion.In total it is estimated that about 1.0×109 tons year-1 of carbon released through changes in tropic land use.The total amount of carbon released each year to the atmosphere as a result of man's activities around 6.5×109 tons compared with 100×109 tons released into the atmosphere naturally by respiration of the world's biota.The observed increase in atmospheric CO2 is 2.9×109 tons year-1.Much of the remainder of the additional CO2 is removed by dissolution in the oceans.It is possible that terrestrial communities act as a net sink for atmosphere CO2 , and terrestrial ecosystem may be able to assimilate the extra carbon as biomass;It is already known that increasing the atmospheric concentration of in controlled environments increase the rate photosynthesis and growth of many plants species.Estimates of future CO2 emissions and the concentration to be expected in the atmosphere vary, but it appears likely that the concentration will rise to a mean of about 550 ppm by the year 2050.The greenhouse effect Ten out of the 16 years between 1980 and 1995 were among the hottest on record;Accurate records have been kept since 1881.Global climate change resulting from human activity is one of the most contentious topics in ecology.The major source of generated power comes from the burning of fossil fuels.Fossil fuels are organic in nature and when they are burned, CO2 is released into the atmosphere.The fear is that pollution by common anthropogenic(created by humans)pollutants, such as CO2 and methane, may lead to increased global temperature.Accurate measurements of CO2 concentrations in air have been recorded for the last 116 years, and during this time period increases in CO2 levels have been recorded along with an 0.4-0.7℃ rise in global temperature.This close correlation supports the argument that industrial emissions,in particular gases released by the burning of fossil fuels,will lead to further climate change over the next century.On the basis of the distance of the earth from the sun, global temperatures should be 33℃ lower than they are, with an average temperature of-18℃.However, from the time of planetary fusion, the earth has been radiating heat.Atmosphere formed around the earth insulates the planet from the full effects of heat loss.This atmosphere allows much of the incoming radiation to strike the earth.A large proportion of this light energy is transferred into heat energy, and the heat energy held by the earth during the day is irradiated back at night.Much of the energy transformed to heat is trapped by atmospheric gases, particularly water vapor, CO2 methane and nitrous oxides.The warming of the earth attributable to atmospheric gases is termed the greenhouse effect.The natural thermal insulation of the greenhouse gases raises the average global temperature from-18 ℃ to 15℃.The greenhouse effect is thought to be increased as concentrations of carbon dioxide increase.Doubling of the atmosphere CO2 concentration from its present level is predicted to lead to a further warming of around 3.5℃.The effects of this would be profound, as polar ice would melt and the oceans would expand with heat, raising sea levels and resulting in large-scale changes to the global climate.In addition, global may cause organism to migrate in order to seek optimal temperatures(organism tracking), or to adapt to the changed conditions or face extinction.This movement of organism may include tropical diseases, which may as a result of the climate change move from tropical to temperate climates(e.g.Malaria).

第二篇：專業(yè)英語

我國經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)技術(shù)正在高速發(fā)展，隨著我國機(jī)械行業(yè)實力的不斷提升，中國正在加速產(chǎn)品與設(shè)備的更新與改造，我國與其他國家在各技術(shù)領(lǐng)域也正在實現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步的合作，許多企業(yè)引進(jìn)了很多進(jìn)口設(shè)備，大量資料是英文原版的。因此，學(xué)生將來在工作崗位上能否讀懂這些資料就是擺在面前的一個嚴(yán)峻的問題，特別是在生產(chǎn)實際中碰到現(xiàn)場實際問題的時候，很可能需要查閱原版英文資料或與相關(guān)專家用英語交流專業(yè)技術(shù)來謀取解決途徑，所以機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語的掌握就變得越來越重要。

一、學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械專業(yè)英語面臨的主要問題

1.缺乏足夠的重視，認(rèn)為沒必要

許多學(xué)生對專業(yè)英語重視不夠，認(rèn)為自己以后在工作崗位上一般用不上，學(xué)起來又不容易，不想花功夫去學(xué)習(xí)和加強(qiáng)專業(yè)英語方面的能力，即便有專業(yè)英語課程也是抱著及格萬歲的思想，敷衍了事。其實，隨著社會的發(fā)展，各種工作崗位對人才的要求越來越高，即使作為一名操作工，也有很大可能要面對純英文的說明書、加工圖紙等專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)，更無須說將來擔(dān)任管理和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)崗位對專業(yè)英語的需求了。

2專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識不扎實

專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)不扎實、專業(yè)知識的缺乏是專業(yè)英語學(xué)習(xí)和翻譯的一大障礙。只有既懂外語又懂專業(yè)的人才能適應(yīng)全面的對外開放，4.無法適應(yīng)專業(yè)英語本身的特點

專業(yè)英語一般內(nèi)容較為枯燥，闡述的是原理概念，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，不注重文字修飾，重在客觀事實；專業(yè)詞匯多，邏輯性強(qiáng)，理論推導(dǎo)多，有獨特的文體形式和表達(dá)方式。在學(xué)習(xí)開始階段，我感覺很難適應(yīng)。

二、大學(xué)生學(xué)好機(jī)械專業(yè)英語的方法

1.把握專業(yè)知識

必須將機(jī)械專業(yè)知識與英語知識相結(jié)合。缺乏專業(yè)知識，翻譯專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)就沒有了根基，成了無本之末。也許自己在學(xué)習(xí)過程中就會對翻譯出來的東西拿捏不穩(wěn)，或者自己都不明白，更不能保證對錯了。所以，學(xué)生必須加強(qiáng)開設(shè)本課程前的相關(guān)專業(yè)知識的學(xué)習(xí)，為本課程的學(xué)習(xí)掃清這方面的阻礙，減輕負(fù)擔(dān)。也有學(xué)生反映，專業(yè)英語學(xué)完以后，英語和專業(yè)兩方面都有所鞏固和加強(qiáng)，所以學(xué)生要做的仍舊是樹立信心，保持良好積極的心態(tài)。

2.積累專業(yè)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語

在專業(yè)英語的學(xué)習(xí)過程中，學(xué)生既要鞏固基礎(chǔ)詞匯，也要學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)詞匯，更要注重基礎(chǔ)詞匯的習(xí)慣用法、含義和在專業(yè)英語中的特殊用法、含義，同時，學(xué)生還需要在識記專業(yè)詞匯的同時，掌握一定量的詞根、詞綴［7］。提高專業(yè)英語資料的閱讀能力必須擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握一定量的專業(yè)詞匯。如果詞匯量掌握得不夠，閱讀時就會感到生詞多，障礙大，不但影響閱讀的速度，而且影響理解的程度，從而不能進(jìn)行有效的閱讀，還容易使人產(chǎn)生挫敗感。而學(xué)生要想擴(kuò)大詞匯量，就必須在閱讀的同時進(jìn)行識記，并擴(kuò)大閱讀范圍。

3培養(yǎng)濃厚興趣

培養(yǎng)對英語的興趣至關(guān)重要。“興趣是最好的老師”，興趣是學(xué)習(xí)英語的巨大動力，有了興趣，學(xué)習(xí)就會事半功倍。我們都有這樣的經(jīng)驗：喜歡的事，就容易堅持下去；不喜歡的事，是很難堅持下去的。而興趣不是與生俱來的，需要培養(yǎng)。必須要用正確的態(tài)度對待英語學(xué)習(xí)，用科學(xué)的方法指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)。多讓自己去嘗試，通過努力讓自己體會成功的愉悅。

三、結(jié)語

用英語進(jìn)行專業(yè)交流是學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語的最終目的。由于翻譯過程是個創(chuàng)造性的、從生疏到熟練的過程，只有具備刻苦的精神、嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度和一定的英語水平、專業(yè)水平和漢語表達(dá)水平，才能充分理解原專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的含義，把握原文的想要表述的實質(zhì)內(nèi)容，運(yùn)用種種表達(dá)手段和翻譯技巧，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的符合漢語言習(xí)慣的語言生動地再現(xiàn)原文。所以，為把自己培養(yǎng)成為復(fù)合型、有發(fā)展后勁的高技能人才，大學(xué)生必須把握機(jī)械工程專業(yè)知識，培養(yǎng)專業(yè)英語的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，積累專業(yè)英語學(xué)習(xí)方法和基礎(chǔ)知識，加強(qiáng)英文原始專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的閱讀，擴(kuò)大知識面，迅速而切實地提高自己的專業(yè)英語的應(yīng)用能力，為將來更好地適應(yīng)高素質(zhì)工作崗位和進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的需要打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。

第三篇：專業(yè)英語

http://zaixianfanyi.com/google.php#hj

194頁：了解什么歸入類別嵌入計算，它足以說明什么不是嵌入式設(shè)備的要求。嵌入的設(shè)備的壽命非常不同于通用機(jī)器的3 年的逐漸過時循環(huán)。有些設(shè)備是幾乎一次性的：平均日本celluar電話在少于一年被替換。在oppsite極端，基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的設(shè)備例如電話交換機(jī)在30年的日程表貶值。這些壽命差異產(chǎn)生具體的影響，可升級性和向后兼容性。少量嵌入設(shè)備有升級要求。例如，積極汽車熱衷者更改自己的車?yán)锏男酒?，但是這些通常是只讀光盤，不是處理器。大多數(shù)消費者項將被替換，不會升級。

Backward compatibility is seldom an embedded requirement,as software does not migrate from one device to another.An interesting exception is game consoles:to maintain compatibility,later console chips must be capable of being exactly as fast as the early versions despite changes in underlying process technology.In consoles,backward compatible is often implemented by putting a complete copy of the previous-generation console in one small corner of the next-generation die.Bacause many embedded designs need not be backward compatible with previous implementations,designers are free to switch designs with each product generation.Consequently,there is less emphasis on the distinction between architecture and implementation.If a new version of a chip is slightly incompatible but much better than its predecessors,designers may still be willing to use it.因為軟件并不從一個設(shè)備遷移到另一個，向后兼容性很少是嵌入式的要求，一個有趣的例外是游戲控制臺：要維護(hù)兼容性，盡管最新控制臺芯片在基礎(chǔ)工藝技術(shù)上有所改變，但是它一定是可勝任的是象早版本一樣快速地確切。往往通過將上一代控制臺的完整副本放在一個小角落里的下一代模向后兼容。因為許多嵌入式的設(shè)計需要，不能與以前實現(xiàn)向后的兼容，設(shè)計師可以自由切換的每一代產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計。因此，有少強(qiáng)調(diào)體系結(jié)構(gòu)與實施之間的區(qū)別。如果稍有不兼容，但比其前任的芯片的新版本，設(shè)計師仍可能愿意使用它。

第四篇：專業(yè)英語

土木工程翻譯實例----現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量控制樣件概述 On-site Quality Control Samples

The Specialist contractor shall erect the first area of each type of the Works and offer these to the Project Manager as on-site quality control samples.The standard of workmanship for the Works shall be to an agreed standard established by the construction of the On-site Quality Control Samples.The Project Manager shall review and comment on the On-site Quality Control Samples.Should the specialist contractor wish to continue with installation of any of the Works before the Project Manager has reviewed and commented on the On-site Quality Control Samples, he shall do so at his own risk.The Project Manager may require parts of the sample to be dismantled to allow inspection of concealed details.Upon acceptance, the on-site control samples shall remain as part of the installed permanent Works.The Project Manager shall reject workmanship that falls below the accepted standard and shall require the specialist contractor to remove it and re-install it to the acceptable standard.現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量控制樣件

專業(yè)分包商應(yīng)首先安裝每種類型工程的第一個區(qū)域并將它作為現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量控制樣件提供給項目經(jīng)理。把已通過審批的現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量控制樣件的施工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為工程的工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。項目經(jīng)理應(yīng)對現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量控制樣件進(jìn)行審查和評論。如果分包商想在以上步驟完成之前繼續(xù)進(jìn)行任何工程的安裝，一切風(fēng)險將由其自行承擔(dān)。項目經(jīng)理可以要求部分地拆除樣件以檢查隱蔽工程的詳細(xì)節(jié)點。工程驗收之后，現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量控制樣件仍然應(yīng)作為永久工程的一部分。項目經(jīng)理可以拒絕沒有達(dá)到驗收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工藝并要求專業(yè)承包商將其去除同時按照驗收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)重新安裝。

我的土木工程翻譯----材料來源及其證書(摘于合同文件)

Compliance with Standards

Unless otherwise described, all materials shall conform to the appropriate current European or British Standard Specifications.The Specialist contractor shall provide the Project

Manager, on request, with guarantees, or certificates of conformity, from the prime material manufacturers and suppliers proving that the materials to be used do in fact conform to such specifications.These guarantees or certificates shall also confirm that the materials are suitable and appropriate for their intended use within the Works and will satisfy this Contract Document.遵從規(guī)范

除非有特別的說明，所有的材料均應(yīng)符合相應(yīng)的現(xiàn)行歐洲或英國規(guī)范。專業(yè)承包商應(yīng)該按照要求把從原材料廠家和供應(yīng)商那里獲得的保證書或認(rèn)證書遞交項目經(jīng)理用以證明即將使用的材料著實符合這類規(guī)范。這些保證書或認(rèn)證書也應(yīng)該確認(rèn)這些材料在工程中的用途適當(dāng)且合理，同時符合合同文件。

Sources of Materials

In accordance with the schedule of submissions, the Specialist contractor shall provide for the Project Manager’s review a list of the proposed materials and their sources.He shall also provide documents from the sources as evidence of their ability to carry out the tasks

expected of them, and written confirmation that the materials they are supplying are suitable and appropriate for their intended use and will satisfy this Contract Document.The Specialist contractor shall obtain the total quantity of each material from the same manufacturer.The Specialist contractor shall obtain materials from established and reputable

manufacturers, particularly those who are prepared to assist him with the design process, through to the fabrication and final installation on site.材料的來源 根據(jù)遞交計劃表，專業(yè)承包商應(yīng)把含有提議使用材料的名稱及其來源信息的列表遞交項目經(jīng)理審閱。專業(yè)承包商還應(yīng)提供從材料供應(yīng)商那里獲得的相關(guān)文件以證明他們有能力完成其任務(wù),以及書面確認(rèn)用以證明這些材料在工程中的用途適當(dāng)且合理，同時符合合同文件。

專業(yè)承包商應(yīng)獲得每種材料從同一個生產(chǎn)商購買的總數(shù)量。

專業(yè)承包商使用的材料應(yīng)向知名的生產(chǎn)商購買。特別是他們完全能夠從設(shè)計、裝配到現(xiàn)場安裝整個過程中給與承包商支持。

土木工程翻譯----白令海峽大橋的簡介摘錄

第一次知道白令海峽大橋是在上大學(xué)的時候橋梁課老師梁力給我們播放了《Discovery》中一集專門介紹它的視頻，我被它的壯觀，雄偉所震撼，今天突然想到了這座“堅強(qiáng)”撼世之橋，特意把它的資料找了出來，并把其中一小段翻譯出來和大家一起分享。

Bering Strait bridge

白令海峽大橋的簡介摘錄

Technical challenges技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)

The route would lie just south of the Arctic Circle, subject to long, dark winters and extreme weather(average winter lows 20°C with possible lows approaching 50°C).Maintenance of any exposed roadway would be difficult and closures frequent.Even maintenance of enclosed roadways and pipelines could also be affected by winter weather.Ice breakup after each winter is violent and would destroy normal bridge piers.Specially shaped massive piers along the ocean floor would be needed to keep the bridge stable.The Confederation Bridge between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick addresses similar concerns on a much smaller scale.橋的路線正好位于北極圈的南端,它受到了漫長黑暗的冬季和極限天氣的影響(冬天的平均溫度低至20°C而且最低的溫度甚至可能達(dá)到50°C)。任何暴露在外的路面部分的維護(hù)工作都是很困難進(jìn)行的，所以不得不頻繁地將其關(guān)閉。即使是關(guān)閉的路面和管線的維護(hù)也將受到冬季氣候的影響。在冬天過后冰的消融也會是危險強(qiáng)烈的并且會對普通的橋墩造成毀滅性的破壞。這就需要沿著海床布置具有特殊形狀的大橋墩以保證橋的穩(wěn)定性。位于愛德華王子島和新布朗斯威克之間的聯(lián)邦大橋就面臨著類似的問題，只不過它受影響的范圍要小得多。

The United States and Canada use the British and now world standard gauge(4 feet, 8.5 inches wide)rails, while Russia uses Russian broad gauge(5 feet wide)tracks, a

break-of-gauge, and this would have to be addressed.A dual-gauge track network has been proposed, as those are used in some areas of Australia, whose rail network is split into different gauges.A cheaper solution is variable gauge axles or bogie exchange, as used at several places in the world already.美國和加拿大的鐵路采用英國的也是現(xiàn)在的世界標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌距（4英尺，8.5英寸寬），而俄羅斯的鐵路采用俄羅斯寬軌距（5英尺寬），需要說明的是這樣就形成了具有不同軌距的鐵路。一個具有雙軌距的鐵路網(wǎng)方案被提了出來，這種方案正在澳大利亞某些地區(qū)使用，他們的鐵路網(wǎng)就為存在不同的軌距。一個造價更低的解決方案就是使用變軌距車輪或轉(zhuǎn)向車，這種方案已經(jīng)在世界多個地方使用了。

土木工程翻譯---施工安全

1、水平安全繩之設(shè)置，應(yīng)依下列規(guī)定辦理：

a、采用￠8.3鋼絲繩，兩端各用三個U型卡扣緊固在建筑物或構(gòu)筑物牢固位置。

b、相鄰兩支柱間的安全繩限系掛一條安全帶。

c、每條安全繩可系掛安全帶之條數(shù)標(biāo)示于繩錨錠端。

2、垂直安全繩之設(shè)置，應(yīng)依下列規(guī)定辦理： a、安全繩之下端應(yīng)有防止安全帶鎖扣自尾端脫落之設(shè)施。

b、一條安全繩限供一名工人使用。

c、勞工作業(yè)或爬升位置之水平間距在一米以下者，得二人共享一條安全繩。

d、所有垂直安全繩應(yīng)垂伸至地面/已完成樓板。

e、完成檢驗的安全帶或安全繩皆應(yīng)貼上下表所示的當(dāng)月合格顏色標(biāo)簽，以利大家輕易分辨已完成檢驗的合格安全帶。

f、在吊籃內(nèi)施工，安全帶必須系掛在安全繩自鎖器上，不得系掛在除安全繩以外的任何地方。

g、施工人員應(yīng)配備工具箱，將所用小附件裝箱存放，小工具必須拴繩使用，防止高空墜落傷及人、物。臨邊物

料的擺放不得隨意放置，要距離樓板邊緣至少1米以上的安全位置，防止風(fēng)吹或人碰落樓下，傷及人、物。h、擺放如玻璃、箱體等大件物體時，必須有安全保護(hù)措施，如大尺寸規(guī)格的玻璃（2.4平方米以上的）要求對

稱擺放在玻璃架子兩側(cè)，并用繩子捆綁牢固，成箱的玻璃盡量集中存放，玻璃箱傾斜墊牢，并用木板將各木箱相連接，以免倒塌。

i、現(xiàn)場設(shè)置急救箱，在高溫季節(jié)給工人發(fā)放防暑降溫物品。

我的譯文：

1.The setup of horizontal safety rope should comply with the followingprovisions:

a.￠8.3 wire rope should be applied.Three U-shaped claspsshould be used one both

ends to tighten onto the stable places on the buildingor structure.b.Only one safety belt could be tied on the safety rope between two adjacentstrut rods.c.The number of safety belt allowed to be tied should be marked on the head ofthe

rope’s anchor.2.The setup of vertical safety rope should comply with the following provisions:

a.At lower end of the safety rope, there should be facilities to prevent the fastener of safety

belt from falling off from the caudal end.b.One safetyrope should only be used by on worker.c.When horizontal distance between the operation or climbing position of workers iswithin one meter, one safety rope should be shared by two workers.d.All the vertical safety rope should draw down to ground/completed floor.e.The followingstick in colors should be stuck onto safety belts or safety ropes after test todisplay test passing of current month.In this way, qualified safety belt aftertest would be easy to recognize.f.During operation in basket, safety belt must be tied onto the self-lock of the safetyrope;tying onto any places besides safety rope is prohibited.g.Builder should be equipped with tool box.Small accessories should be kept in the boxand fastened to rope when in use to prevent from being dropped from height andhitting people or objects.Material and supplies at the edge of construction area should not be placed at will;more than one meter’s distance from the edgeof the floor is considered safe location for placing;in this way, droppingcaused by wind or man and hitting people or objects could be avoided.h.when big objects such as glass or boxes are placed, safety protection measures must becarried out.For example, glass of big dimensions(above 2.4 square meters)should be placed onto the two sides of the glass shelf with symmetry, and boundand fastened with rope.Glass in boxes should be placed together at one placeas much as possible.Boxes of Glass should be well padded to prevent fromslant.Wood-blocks should be used to joint all boxes to prevent from collapse.i.First-aidbox should be placed at construction site.Workers should be given heat controlarticles in high temperature season.

第五篇：水土保持工作總結(jié)

水土保持工作總結(jié)

水土保持工作總結(jié)2007-12-07 14:35:02第1文秘網(wǎng)第1公文網(wǎng)水土保持工作總結(jié)水土保持工作總結(jié)(2)*縣位于四川省*部，**市南部，屬長江上游嘉陵江流域*江水系。全縣轄50個鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)），幅員面積20**平方公里，耕地面積萬畝，總?cè)丝?04萬，其中農(nóng)業(yè)人口93萬人?？h域內(nèi)呈“三山兩槽”地形，降雨豐富且相對集中，暴雨頻繁，水土流失嚴(yán)重，全縣水土流失面積達(dá)平方公里，占總土地面積的47，年均土壤侵蝕總量萬噸，土壤侵蝕模數(shù)4628噸/平方公里/年，是一個典型的強(qiáng)度水土流失縣。近幾年來，在上級部門的悉心指導(dǎo)和縣委、政府的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，縣水利局堅持一手抓水土流失治理，一手抓水土保持預(yù)防監(jiān)督，雙管齊下，取得了顯著成效。主要成效

自實施“長江上游水土流失重點防治工程”以來，我局組織實施了**河、**河、**河等11條小流域的綜合治理，共完成水土流失綜合治理面積平方公里，完成工程量萬立方米，總投工萬個，完成投資萬元，其中國家補(bǔ)助萬元，地方匹配萬元。組建了水保管理機(jī)構(gòu)2個，從業(yè)人員10名；組建推廣及技術(shù)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)15個，從業(yè)人員108名。

通過“長治”、“國債”、“農(nóng)發(fā)”等水土保持重點項目的實施，我們總結(jié)出了以改造坡耕地、建設(shè)基本農(nóng)田為重點，以營造水保林、栽植經(jīng)果林為突破口，山、水、林、田、路統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，溝、凼、池、渠合理配套，“水保林戴帽、經(jīng)果林纏腰、農(nóng)耕措施鋪毯”的綜合治理模式，探索出了“土坎石梯、上窄下寬、分層夯實、水系配套”的適合丘陵地區(qū)特點的土坎修筑法；走出了一條“以重點工程為依托，以小流域治理為單元，堅持預(yù)防為主，防治結(jié)合，突出三大效益，建設(shè)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)”的水土保持發(fā)展之路。目前，治理區(qū)

水土流失程度大大減輕，生態(tài)環(huán)境得到了明顯改善，昔日“山上剝了皮，田里沙壓泥，河床平了堤，庫塘被淤積”的現(xiàn)象不復(fù)存在，而今在小流域內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了“層層梯田披綠裝，果滿枝頭花飄香，糧食滿倉魚滿塘，水碧山青好風(fēng)光”的新農(nóng)村景象。同時，土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)和農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)日趨合理，為農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展、農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的振興夯實了基礎(chǔ)，為周邊地區(qū)起好了帶頭示范作用，產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響，人民群眾的水保意識也大為增強(qiáng)。主要做法

1、加大領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力度，強(qiáng)化政府行為。我縣高度重視水土保持工作，樹立了“保護(hù)生態(tài)就是保護(hù)生產(chǎn)力，建設(shè)生態(tài)就是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力”的戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)思想，把加強(qiáng)水土保持作為全縣農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要支撐點和推動縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)工作，納入了各級黨政的重要議事日程?？h上成立了由分管副縣長任組長的水土保持工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，并在縣鄉(xiāng)機(jī)構(gòu)改革中進(jìn)一步健全和完善了水土保持領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)和

辦事機(jī)構(gòu)，建立了向同級人大常委會匯報工作的制度。同時加強(qiáng)部門協(xié)作，搭建水保生態(tài)建設(shè)平臺，形成了一套“水利水保搭臺，政府導(dǎo)演，統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，各投其資，各盡其責(zé)，各記其功，合唱一臺生態(tài)建設(shè)大戲”的工作思路。在工程施工期間，縣委、人大、政府、政協(xié)主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和分管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)常深入工地，督促檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，及時解決。項目鄉(xiāng)把工程指揮部移到工地，形成了黨政一把手親自抓、分管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)具體抓、其他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)協(xié)同抓、脫產(chǎn)干部一齊抓的良好工作運(yùn)行機(jī)制，全縣自上而下，做到了一級抓一級，一級對一級負(fù)責(zé)，保證了項目建設(shè)的各項工作落到實處。

2、加大宣傳力度，強(qiáng)化水保意識。為使水土保持這項基本國策深入人心，全縣各地充分利用大小會議、廣播、電視、專欄、板報、簡報、標(biāo)語、宣傳車等多種形式，廣泛深入地開展了有關(guān)水土保持法律法規(guī)和“長治”工程的宣傳活動，大力宣傳治理水土流失的成效、水土保

持工作的重要意義。同時，對遵守水土保持法律法規(guī)的模范單位、個人和依靠水土保持致富的典型進(jìn)行大張旗鼓的宣傳。在宣傳方法上，既面向社會，又重點針對容易引起水土流失的單位，做到一般宣傳與重點宣傳相結(jié)合、經(jīng)常宣傳與集中宣傳相結(jié)合，引起了社會共鳴，喚醒了全社會對水土流失的憂患意識，增強(qiáng)了廣大干群保護(hù)水土資源的緊迫感和搞好水土保持的使命感，使人們保持水土、保護(hù)環(huán)境意識成為全社會的自覺行為。對重點治理區(qū)，我們還舉辦各種治理技術(shù)培訓(xùn)班，組織水利、林業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)等部門的專業(yè)技術(shù)人員對鄉(xiāng)、村、社基層干部和骨干農(nóng)戶進(jìn)行定期培訓(xùn)。去年全縣累計出動水保宣傳車14車次，直接聽眾達(dá)萬人次，書寫標(biāo)語4000余幅，廣播電視宣傳58次，報刊宣傳36篇，水土保持簡報20期，舉辦各類培訓(xùn)班5次，落實宣傳經(jīng)費15萬元。

3、加大投入力度，強(qiáng)化資金管理。在國家投入極為有限的情況下，我縣千方

百計拓寬投資渠道，加大水保工程投入。立足縣情，建立了“國家、集體、個人一起上”的投入機(jī)制，多渠道、多方面、多層次籌資。同時加強(qiáng)資金管理，制定了《**縣水土保持項目資金使用及管理辦法》，在工作中嚴(yán)格按照制度辦事，做到了：一是堅持專項資金?？顚Ｓ?，實行專人、專賬、專戶管理。工程建設(shè)資金實行報帳制，減少了資金撥付的中間環(huán)節(jié)，保證水保資金足額用在水保

水土保持工作總結(jié)