第一篇：雙電源協(xié)議

雙電源（自備電源）安全供用電協(xié)議

供電方：XX縣供電有限責(zé)任公司

用電方：

為明確供電企業(yè)（以下簡(jiǎn)稱供電方）和雙電源（自備電源）用電客戶（以下簡(jiǎn)稱用電方）在電力供應(yīng)與使用中的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，安全、合理、有序地供電和用電，根據(jù)《電力法》、《電力供應(yīng)與使用條例》、《供電營(yíng)業(yè)規(guī)則》及《農(nóng)村安全用電規(guī)程》等電力法規(guī)的規(guī)定；經(jīng)雙方協(xié)商一致，達(dá)成以下協(xié)議，共同信守、嚴(yán)格履行。

一、供電方式、安裝地點(diǎn)及產(chǎn)權(quán)分界

1、供電方從

線

號(hào)高壓桿或從

線

變臺(tái)

號(hào)低壓桿接線向用電方供電。

2、用電方自備電源（自備發(fā)電機(jī)）容量：

千瓦,安裝地點(diǎn)：。

3、供電方與用電方的產(chǎn)權(quán)分界點(diǎn)：高壓供電在線

號(hào)高壓桿高壓計(jì)量箱進(jìn)線T接點(diǎn)處；低壓供電在線

變臺(tái)

號(hào)低壓桿

計(jì)量電度表進(jìn)線處；具體接線方式及分界點(diǎn)詳見附圖《供電接線及產(chǎn)權(quán)分界示意圖》。

二、供用電設(shè)施維護(hù)管理責(zé)任

1、供用電雙方按本協(xié)議第一條的產(chǎn)權(quán)分界各自負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)備的維護(hù)管理。

2、供用電雙方各自分管的供電設(shè)施，除另有約定外，未經(jīng)對(duì)方同意，不得操作或更動(dòng)；當(dāng)遇到危及電網(wǎng)和用電安全，或可能造成人身傷亡、設(shè)備損壞，或違約用電、竊電、欠費(fèi)時(shí)；供電方可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況更動(dòng)或操作用電方的供電設(shè)備。

3、在用電方受電裝置內(nèi)安裝的用電計(jì)量裝置及電力負(fù)荷管理裝置由供電方維護(hù)管理，用電方負(fù)責(zé)保護(hù)并監(jiān)視其正常運(yùn)行；如有異常，用電方應(yīng)及時(shí)通知供電方。

4、在供電設(shè)施上發(fā)生的事故引起的法律責(zé)任，按《供電營(yíng)業(yè)規(guī)則》第五十一條規(guī)定處理。

三、安全運(yùn)行管理責(zé)任

1、供電方應(yīng)當(dāng)按照雙方《供用電合同》的約定，持續(xù)地向用電方提供合格的電源。

2、用電方的低壓兩相自備電源應(yīng)采用雙投刀閘切換電源，用電方的低壓三相四線自備電源應(yīng)采用低壓四極雙接刀閘，如因條件限制（距離過遠(yuǎn)或總屏刀閘容量在1000安以上時(shí)），可采用電氣閉鎖，但切換電源時(shí)，不允許有合環(huán)和并列的可能。

3、用電方的高壓自備電源，電源側(cè)的斷路器，應(yīng)盡量采用機(jī)械聯(lián)鎖裝置，如開關(guān)柜距離過遠(yuǎn)，可采用電氣閉鎖，但應(yīng)保證任何情況下，只有一路電源投入運(yùn)行，而無誤并列、誤合環(huán)的可能；在進(jìn)戶終端桿裝置隔離刀閘，該刀閘操作權(quán)屬供電方。

4、供用電方雙電源投入運(yùn)行時(shí)，必須先做核相檢查以防非同相并列；用電方在架空線路或電纜線路上從事有可能導(dǎo)致相位變化的工作、配電室（箱）主接線發(fā)生變化、主變壓器更換或大修后在重新投運(yùn)時(shí)也必須作核相工作。

5、用電方不允許高低壓雙電源并列運(yùn)行者，必須在電源開關(guān)或刀閘上裝設(shè)可靠的聯(lián)鎖裝置。

6、用電方不得擅自變更主備電源運(yùn)行方式；不得超過批準(zhǔn)的備用用電容量用電。

7、凡經(jīng)供電方同意二條高壓饋線分別同時(shí)供電的用電方，其低壓側(cè)應(yīng)各自分開線路供電，嚴(yán)禁合環(huán)運(yùn)行；同時(shí)嚴(yán)禁低壓側(cè)使用臨時(shí)線作為互為備用電源。

8、用電方自備電源不得并入電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行（自備電廠除外），如需同時(shí)使用供電方電源及自備電源時(shí)，電氣結(jié)線應(yīng)各自分開，不得并接，以保證用戶負(fù)荷權(quán)取一個(gè)電源。

9、用電方電氣值班人員，必須熟悉“雙電源管理辦法”的要求及調(diào)度協(xié)議內(nèi)容、設(shè)備調(diào)度權(quán)限的劃分、運(yùn)行方式的有關(guān)規(guī)定，必須制定并嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)倒閘操作規(guī)程。

10、用電方必須向供電方的調(diào)度部門和用電檢查部門報(bào)送變（配）電值班人員名單；如值班人員有變動(dòng)時(shí)，必須書面通知供電方的調(diào)度部門和用電檢查部門。

11、用電方不得并列低壓雙路電源；用戶有自備發(fā)電機(jī)者，其自備電源與電網(wǎng)連接處必須裝設(shè)雙投刀閘，不得使用電氣閉鎖。

12、用電方裝設(shè)的自備發(fā)電機(jī)必須經(jīng)供電方審核批準(zhǔn)后方可投入運(yùn)行，對(duì)未經(jīng)審批私自投運(yùn)自備發(fā)電機(jī)者，一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)用電檢查部門可責(zé)成其立即拆除接引線并按《供電營(yíng)業(yè)規(guī)則》第100條第6款進(jìn)行處理。

13、未經(jīng)供電方用電檢查人員同意，用電方不得改變自備發(fā)電機(jī)與供電系統(tǒng)的一、二次接線，不得向其他用戶供電。

14、供電方用電檢查部門對(duì)裝有非并網(wǎng)自備發(fā)電機(jī)并持有《自備發(fā)電機(jī)使用許可證》的用戶應(yīng)單獨(dú)建立臺(tái)帳進(jìn)行管理。

15、供電方和用電方分管的供電設(shè)施，除另有約定外，未經(jīng)對(duì)方同意，不得操作或更動(dòng)；如遇緊急情況（如危及電網(wǎng)和用電安全，或可能造成人身傷亡、設(shè)備損壞）而必須操作，事后應(yīng)立即通知對(duì)方。

16、在電力供應(yīng)暫時(shí)緊張時(shí)，或個(gè)別用戶確因生產(chǎn)需要安裝自備發(fā)電機(jī)組的，均按本規(guī)定辦理；但電網(wǎng)供電正常后應(yīng)立即拆除，改為單電源用電。

四、約定事項(xiàng)及違約責(zé)任

1、供電方對(duì)用電方自備電源的運(yùn)行使用情況有權(quán)進(jìn)行檢查，對(duì)安全存在的隱患提出書面整改意見；用電方整改后，應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)收。供電方不承擔(dān)因用電方電氣設(shè)備不合格引起的任何責(zé)任。

2、用電方對(duì)其所有的自備電源應(yīng)定期進(jìn)行檢查、檢修和試驗(yàn)，對(duì)可能危及受電線路廊道的樹木、竹子及時(shí)進(jìn)行修剪或砍伐，消除設(shè)備隱患，預(yù)防電氣設(shè)備事故和誤動(dòng)作發(fā)生。

3、用電方未依照約定履行維護(hù)檢查的義務(wù)，導(dǎo)致自備電源設(shè)備（含保護(hù)設(shè)施）帶病運(yùn)行，存在安全隱患的，供電方有權(quán)對(duì)用電方直接停止供電。

4、用電方誤操作或其設(shè)備缺陷，使自備電源電力向供電方電網(wǎng)送電導(dǎo)致的一切后果全部由用電方承擔(dān)。

5、用電方自備電源只能作為停電時(shí)的應(yīng)急措施，自發(fā)自供，不得將自備電源的電力向自身以外供電；未經(jīng)供電方同意，擅自供出電源的，按《供電營(yíng)業(yè)規(guī)則》相關(guān)條款規(guī)定處理。

6、用電方未執(zhí)行本協(xié)議或有關(guān)規(guī)定、管理不到位，給供電方或社會(huì)帶來人身、設(shè)備損害，用電方必須承擔(dān)全部法律責(zé)任。

五、爭(zhēng)議的解決方式

供用雙電方因履行本協(xié)議發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí)應(yīng)依本協(xié)議之原則協(xié)商解決；協(xié)商不成時(shí)，雙方共同提請(qǐng)電力管理部門行政調(diào)解；調(diào)解不成時(shí)，雙方可提起訴訟解決。

六、本協(xié)議效力及未盡事宜

1、本協(xié)議未盡事宜，按《電力法》、《電力供應(yīng)與使用條例》、《供電營(yíng)業(yè)規(guī)則》等有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)的規(guī)定辦理；如遇國(guó)家法律、政策調(diào)整時(shí)，應(yīng)按相應(yīng)規(guī)定修改、補(bǔ)充本合同有關(guān)條款。

2、本協(xié)議有效期自

****年**月**日起至

****年**月**日止。協(xié)議到期后，如供用電雙方均未提出變更、解除協(xié)議，本協(xié)議繼續(xù)有效。

3、供電方、用電方任何一方欲修改、變更、解除協(xié)議時(shí)，按《供電營(yíng)業(yè)規(guī)則》第94條辦理；在修改、變更、解除協(xié)議的書面協(xié)議簽定前，本協(xié)議繼續(xù)有效。

4、本協(xié)議自供電方、用電方簽字，并加蓋公章后生效。

5、本協(xié)議正本一式

份。供電方、用電方各執(zhí)

份。

6、本協(xié)議附件包括：

(1)、供用電接線及產(chǎn)權(quán)分界示意圖 ；

(2)、雙電源（自備電源）設(shè)備臺(tái)帳表；

(3)、上述附件為本協(xié)議不可分割的組成部分。

七、雙方簽字：

供電方：（簽章）

用電方：（簽章）

法定代表（負(fù)責(zé)）人： 或其委托代理人：

地址：

聯(lián)系電話：

簽訂時(shí)間：

年

月

法定代表（負(fù)責(zé)）人：

或其委托代理人：

地址：

聯(lián)系電話：

簽訂時(shí)間：

****年**月**日 日

第二篇：雙電源實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告寫作要求

實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告寫作按以下幾方面要求完成，用A4的山東建筑大

學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

山東建筑大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

學(xué)院：------------班級(jí)：-------------姓名：------------學(xué)號(hào)：-------------課程：------------實(shí)驗(yàn)日期：-----------年----月-----日成績(jī)：-------------

實(shí)驗(yàn)1雙電源互為備用實(shí)驗(yàn)

一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康亩?、?shí)驗(yàn)器材

三、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容

1、雙電源互為備用實(shí)驗(yàn)

2、雙電源互為備用實(shí)驗(yàn)線路圖

四、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟及實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果記錄

五、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析

注意：實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告內(nèi)容手寫（實(shí)驗(yàn)線路圖要手繪），請(qǐng)不要打印。

第三篇：用戶雙電源(自備電源)管理辦法

用戶雙電源(自備電源)管理辦法

為了加強(qiáng)用電管理，確保供用電雙方的安全生產(chǎn)，防止雙電源倒送電造成人身、設(shè)備事故，特制定本管理辦法。

1、凡一個(gè)用戶的同一供電點(diǎn)，由兩路及以上不同電源供電或是由我公司一路電源供電，另一路由用戶自備電源（包括逆變電源）者，均屬雙電源用戶。

2、裝設(shè)雙電源用戶的條件是：突然停電或間斷供電，會(huì)嚴(yán)重威脅人身及設(shè)備安全和有重大政治影響，或造成生產(chǎn)和財(cái)產(chǎn)重大損失。

3、凡需裝設(shè)雙電源用戶，應(yīng)事先向電力公司營(yíng)業(yè)所提出書面申請(qǐng)（內(nèi)容包括：申請(qǐng)理由、現(xiàn)有供用電狀況，申請(qǐng)備用或保安電源的容量。自備發(fā)電機(jī)組裝置容量和臺(tái)數(shù)、變配電室雙電源一次主結(jié)線設(shè)計(jì)圖、防止倒送電及防誤并列的措施等），電力公司應(yīng)嚴(yán)格審核，嚴(yán)加控制。經(jīng)審查后，答復(fù)用戶。

4、雙電源用戶均應(yīng)簽訂《雙電源（自備電源）供用電協(xié)議書》后，方可投入運(yùn)行。對(duì)未曾申請(qǐng)或雖已申請(qǐng)（且已安裝好），但未經(jīng)我公司正式批準(zhǔn)而擅自使用雙電源者，一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，則予停止供電，并按違章用電論處。

5、任何用戶（包括雙電源用戶），都無權(quán)私自轉(zhuǎn)供給其他單位或個(gè)人；任何單位或個(gè)人都不得私拉亂接，改變?cè)瓉砉╇婋娫吹慕泳€，而構(gòu)成雙電源。

6、未經(jīng)辦理正式手續(xù)，電力公司任何部門或個(gè)人均無權(quán)私自許可任何單位或個(gè)人接用雙電源，也無權(quán)私自改接線路而使之成為雙電源，否則，一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，予以嚴(yán)肅處理。

7、為確保供用電雙方人身及設(shè)備安全，防止倒送電和誤并列，特對(duì)雙電源切換裝置規(guī)定如下：

7.1常用、備用電源切換裝置應(yīng)安裝于同一配電室內(nèi)。

7.2低壓雙電源應(yīng)采用雙投刀閘切換電源，低壓三相四線供電用戶，應(yīng)采用低壓四極雙接刀閘，如因條件限制（距離過遠(yuǎn)或總屏刀閘容量在1000安以上時(shí)），可采用電氣閉鎖，但切換電源時(shí)，不允許有合環(huán)和并列的可能。

7.3高壓雙電源供電的用戶，電源側(cè)的斷路器，應(yīng)盡量采用機(jī)械聯(lián)鎖裝置，如開關(guān)柜距離過遠(yuǎn)，可采用電氣閉鎖，但應(yīng)保證任何情況下，只有一路電源投入運(yùn)行，而無誤并列、誤合環(huán)的可能。在進(jìn)戶終端桿裝置隔離刀閘，該刀閘操作權(quán)屬電力公司。

8、高壓雙電源用戶，其切換電源不論室內(nèi)外操作，應(yīng)事先向電力公司調(diào)度室內(nèi)提出申請(qǐng)（書面或電話），經(jīng)同意后方可切換，切換時(shí)用戶應(yīng)執(zhí)行倒閘操作票和監(jiān)護(hù)制度。切換完畢，應(yīng)向調(diào)度報(bào)告。高壓開關(guān)、刀閘均應(yīng)按規(guī)定統(tǒng)一編號(hào)，以便填寫倒閘操作票。如發(fā)生事故緊急情況，用戶應(yīng)先切斷電原供電電源后再進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)電操作，并及時(shí)報(bào)告我公司調(diào)度所。具體應(yīng)按電網(wǎng)調(diào)度規(guī)程和《供用電合同》有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行操作

9、凡經(jīng)電力公司同意二條高壓饋線分別同時(shí)供電的用戶，其低壓側(cè)應(yīng)各自分開線路供電，嚴(yán)禁合環(huán)運(yùn)行。同時(shí)嚴(yán)禁低壓側(cè)使用臨時(shí)線作為互為備用電源。

10、自備電源不得并入電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行（自備電廠除外），如需同時(shí)使用電力公司電源及自備電源時(shí)，電氣結(jié)線應(yīng)各自分開，不得并接，以保證用戶負(fù)荷權(quán)取一個(gè)電源。

11、雙電源用戶如需變更雙電源供電范圍、容量、接線方式時(shí)，應(yīng)事先向電力公司提出書面申請(qǐng)，經(jīng)電力公司審查同意后方可變動(dòng)。投入前經(jīng)檢查合格，并重新修訂《雙電源（自備電源）供用電協(xié)議書》后，方準(zhǔn)許其投入運(yùn)行。

12、在電力供應(yīng)暫時(shí)緊張時(shí)，或個(gè)別用戶確因生產(chǎn)需要安裝自備發(fā)電機(jī)組的，均按本規(guī)定辦理。但電網(wǎng)供電正常后應(yīng)立即拆除，改為單電源用電。

13、雙電源用戶應(yīng)嚴(yán)格遵守《雙電源（自備電源）供用電協(xié)議書》規(guī)定，本規(guī)定未盡事宜，均按《供電營(yíng)業(yè)規(guī)則》或國(guó)家頒布的有關(guān)法規(guī)指令辦理，或由雙方協(xié)商后換文作為《協(xié)議書》附件。

14、本規(guī)定自公布之日起執(zhí)行，凡違反本規(guī)定者，按違章用電處理。如發(fā)生事故，由違章者負(fù)責(zé)承擔(dān)一切后果，并追究責(zé)任；情節(jié)嚴(yán)重時(shí)，報(bào)請(qǐng)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)和司法部門予以懲處。

15、雙電源用戶的申報(bào)、審批、檢驗(yàn)、異動(dòng)、協(xié)議簽訂等工作由電力公司營(yíng)銷部歸口負(fù)責(zé)受理，然后轉(zhuǎn)生計(jì)部、調(diào)度室會(huì)審無異議后，將《雙電源（自備電源）供用電協(xié)議書》作為《供用電合同》之附件。

16、雙電源用戶設(shè)備管理維護(hù)按產(chǎn)權(quán)分界點(diǎn)劃分，用戶設(shè)備監(jiān)督由營(yíng)銷部、用電檢查部負(fù)責(zé)，調(diào)度操作權(quán)歸由調(diào)度人員統(tǒng)一調(diào)度。

第四篇：煤礦供電及“雙回路、雙電源”規(guī)定

煤礦供電及“雙回路、雙電源”的相關(guān)規(guī)定

1、礦井地面變電所、配電所的高壓及低壓母線應(yīng)采用單母線分段接線，以保證供電連續(xù)性。高壓母線亦可采用分段單母線帶旁路母線或雙母線的接線。

2、礦井應(yīng)有兩回路電源線路。當(dāng)任一回路發(fā)生故障停止供電時(shí)，另一回路應(yīng)能擔(dān)負(fù)礦井全部負(fù)荷。年產(chǎn)60000t以下的礦井采用單回路供電時(shí)，必須有備用電源；備用電源的容量必須滿足通風(fēng)、排水、提升等的要求。

礦井的兩回路電源線路上都不得分接任何負(fù)荷。

正常情況下，礦井電源應(yīng)采用分列運(yùn)行方式，一回路運(yùn)行時(shí)另一回路必須帶電備用，以保證供電的連續(xù)性。

10kV及其以下的礦井架空電源線路不得共桿架設(shè)。

礦井電源線路上嚴(yán)禁裝設(shè)負(fù)荷定量器。

3、對(duì)井下各水平中央變（配）電所、主排水泵房和下山開采的采區(qū)排水泵房供電的線路，不得少于兩回路。當(dāng)任一回路停止供電時(shí)，其余回路應(yīng)能擔(dān)負(fù)全部負(fù)荷。

3、主要通風(fēng)機(jī)、提升人員的立井絞車、抽放瓦斯泵等主要設(shè)備房，應(yīng)各有兩回路直接由變（配）電所饋出的供電線路；受條件限制時(shí)，其中的一回路可引自上述同種設(shè)備房的配電裝置。

本條上述供電線路應(yīng)來自各自的變壓器和母線段，線路上不應(yīng)分接任何負(fù)荷。

本條上述設(shè)備的控制回路和輔助設(shè)備，必須有與主要設(shè)備同等可靠的備用電源。

4、下列用電設(shè)備應(yīng)按一級(jí)用電負(fù)荷供電，其配電裝置必須由兩回路或兩回路以上電源線路供電。電源線路應(yīng)引自不同的變壓器和母線段，且線路上不應(yīng)分接任何其他負(fù)荷。

1）井下主排水泵：

2）下山采區(qū)排水泵：

3）兼作礦井主排水泵的井下煤水泵：

4）經(jīng)常升降人員的暗副立井絞車；

5）井下移動(dòng)式瓦斯抽放泵站。

5、下列用電設(shè)備應(yīng)按二級(jí)用電負(fù)荷供電，其配電裝置宜由兩回電源線路供電，并宜引自不同的變壓器和母線段。當(dāng)條件受限制時(shí)，其中一回電源線路可引自本條規(guī)定的同種設(shè)備的配電點(diǎn)處。

1）暗主井提升設(shè)備、主井裝載設(shè)備、大巷強(qiáng)力帶式輸送機(jī)、主運(yùn)輸用的井下電機(jī)車充電及整流設(shè)備；

2）經(jīng)常升降人員的暗副斜井提升設(shè)備、副井井底操車設(shè)備、無軌運(yùn)輸換裝設(shè)備；

3）供綜合機(jī)械化采煤的采區(qū)變(配)電所；

4）煤與瓦斯突出礦井的采區(qū)變(配)電所；

5）井下移動(dòng)式制氮機(jī)；

6）井下集中制冷站；

7）不兼作礦井主排水泵的井下煤水泵、井底水窩水泵；

8）井下運(yùn)輸信號(hào)系統(tǒng)；

9）井下安全監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)分站。

6、井下主(中央)變電所應(yīng)由礦井地面主變(配)電所直接供電。電源電纜不應(yīng)少于兩回路，并應(yīng)引自地面變電所的不同母線段，且當(dāng)任一回路停止供電時(shí)，其余回路的供電能力應(yīng)能承擔(dān)其供電范圍內(nèi)全部負(fù)荷的用電要求。

7、采區(qū)變(配)電所宜由井下主(中央)變電所或附近地面變電所供電。由地面變電所供電時(shí)，電纜可由進(jìn)風(fēng)井或鉆口下井。

8、煤(巖)與瓦斯(二氧化碳)突出礦井的采區(qū)、下山采區(qū)、高產(chǎn)高效和綜合機(jī)械化開采的采(盤)區(qū)供電時(shí)，電源電纜不應(yīng)少于兩個(gè)回路，且當(dāng)任一回路停止供電時(shí)，其余回路的供電能力應(yīng)能承擔(dān)該采(盤)區(qū)負(fù)荷的用電要求。

9、井下局部通風(fēng)機(jī)供配電，必須遵守下列規(guī)定：

1）低瓦斯礦井掘進(jìn)工作面局部通風(fēng)機(jī)應(yīng)采用裝有選擇性漏電保護(hù)的專用開關(guān)和專用線路供電：

2）高瓦斯礦井掘進(jìn)工作面局部通風(fēng)機(jī)應(yīng)采用專用變壓器、專用開關(guān)和專用線路的“三?！惫╇姡?/p>

3）煤(巖)與瓦斯(二氧化碳)突出礦井、瓦斯噴出區(qū)域、掘進(jìn)工作面的局部通風(fēng)機(jī)應(yīng)采用雙電源供電。其中，主供電源應(yīng)采用“三?！惫╇?，備供電源允許引自其他動(dòng)力變壓器的低壓母線段。但其供電回路應(yīng)采用裝有選擇性漏電保護(hù)的專用開關(guān)和專用線路供電；

4）使用局部通風(fēng)機(jī)供風(fēng)的地點(diǎn)，其配電設(shè)備必須實(shí)行風(fēng)電和瓦斯電閉鎖，保證在停風(fēng)和瓦斯超限后能切斷該區(qū)域內(nèi)全部非本質(zhì)安全型電氣設(shè)備的電源。

10、井下主(中央)變電所內(nèi)的動(dòng)力變壓器不應(yīng)少于2臺(tái)，當(dāng)1臺(tái)停止運(yùn)行時(shí)，其余變壓器應(yīng)能保證一、二級(jí)負(fù)荷用電。

11、主(中央)變電所高壓母線接線及運(yùn)行方式，宜與相對(duì)應(yīng)的地面變電所母線接線及運(yùn)行方式相適應(yīng)。高壓母線應(yīng)采用單母線分段接線方式，并應(yīng)設(shè)置分段聯(lián)絡(luò)開關(guān)，正常情況下分列運(yùn)行，且高壓母線分段數(shù)應(yīng)與下井電纜回路數(shù)相協(xié)調(diào)。

12、各類高壓負(fù)荷宜均衡地分接于各段母線上，但同一用電設(shè)備的多臺(tái)驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)應(yīng)接在同一段母線上。

13、當(dāng)主排水泵為低壓負(fù)荷且由井下主(中央)變電所供電時(shí)，井下主(中央)變電所應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：

1）主變電所的變壓器臺(tái)數(shù)應(yīng)不應(yīng)少于2臺(tái)，；

2）低壓母線應(yīng)采用單母線分段接線方式，并應(yīng)設(shè)置分段聯(lián)絡(luò)開關(guān)，正常情況下分列運(yùn)行。

14、主(中央)變電所內(nèi)設(shè)備之間的電氣連接，聯(lián)臺(tái)設(shè)備間應(yīng)采用母線連接，其余設(shè)備間宜采用電纜連接。

15、單電源進(jìn)線的采區(qū)變電所，當(dāng)變壓器不超過2臺(tái)且無高壓出線時(shí)，可不設(shè)置電源進(jìn)線開關(guān)。當(dāng)變壓器超過2臺(tái)或有高壓出線時(shí)，應(yīng)設(shè)置進(jìn)線開關(guān)。

16、雙電源進(jìn)線的采區(qū)變電所，應(yīng)設(shè)置電源進(jìn)線開關(guān)。當(dāng)其正常為一回路供電、另一回路備用時(shí)，母線可不分段；當(dāng)兩回路電源同時(shí)供電時(shí)，母線應(yīng)分段并設(shè)聯(lián)絡(luò)開關(guān)，正常情況下應(yīng)分列運(yùn)行。

17、由井下主(中央)變電所向采區(qū)供電的單回電纜供電線路上串接的采區(qū)變電所數(shù)不應(yīng)超過3個(gè)。

18、移動(dòng)變電站

1）下列情況宜采用移動(dòng)變電站供電：

（1）綜采、連采及綜掘工作面的供電；

（2）由采區(qū)固定變電所供電困難或不經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)；

（3）獨(dú)頭大巷掘進(jìn)、附近無變電所可利用時(shí)。

2）向回采工作面供電的移動(dòng)變電站及設(shè)備列車宜布置在進(jìn)風(fēng)巷內(nèi)，且距工作面的距離宜為100至150m。

3）由采區(qū)變電所向移動(dòng)變電站供電的單回電纜供電線路上，串接的移動(dòng)變電站數(shù)不宜超過3個(gè)。不同工作面的移動(dòng)變電站不應(yīng)共用電源電纜。

19、供電電纜

1）1140V設(shè)備使用的電纜，應(yīng)采用帶有煤礦礦用產(chǎn)品安全標(biāo)志的分相屏蔽橡膠絕緣軟電纜；

2）660V或380V設(shè)備有條件時(shí)應(yīng)使用帶有煤礦礦用產(chǎn)品安全標(biāo)志的分相屏蔽的橡膠絕緣軟電纜。固定敷設(shè)時(shí)可采用鎧裝聚氯乙烯絕緣銅芯電纜或礦用橡套電纜；

3）移動(dòng)式和手持式電器設(shè)備，應(yīng)使用專用的礦用橡套電纜；

4）采區(qū)低壓電纜嚴(yán)禁采用鋁芯。

20、嚴(yán)禁由地面中性點(diǎn)直接接地的變壓器或發(fā)電機(jī)直接向井下供電。

第五篇：雙電源自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換控制器英文文獻(xiàn)

Modeling, Simulation, and Reduction of Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Due to a PWM Buck Type Switching Power Supply

A.Farhadi

Abstract: Undesired generation of radiated or conducted energy in electrical systems is called Electromagnetic Interference(EMI).High speed switching frequency in power electronics converters especially in switching power supplies improves efficiency but leads to EMI.Different kind of conducted interference, EMI regulations and conducted EMI measurement are introduced in this paper.Compliancy with national or international regulation is called Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC).Power electronic systems producers must regard EMC.Modeling and simulation is the first step of EMC evaluation.EMI simulation results due to a PWM Buck type switching power supply are presented in this paper.To improve EMC, some techniques are introduced and their effectiveness proved by simulation.Index Terms: Conducted, EMC, EMI, LISN, Switching Supply I.INTRODUCTION

FAST semiconductors make it possible to have high speed and high frequency switching in power electronics ?1?.High speed switching causes weight and volume reduction of equipment，?2?but some unwanted effects such as radio frequency interference appeared.Compliance with electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)regulations is necessary for producers to present their products to the markets.It is important to take EMC aspects already in design phase

?3?.Modeling and simulation is the most effective tool to analyze EMC consideration before developing the products.A lot of the previous studies concerned the low frequency analysis of power electronics components

?4??5?.Different types of power electronics converters are capable to be considered as source of EMI.They could propagate the EMI in both radiated and conducted forms.Line Impedance Stabilization Network(LISN)is required for measurement and calculation of conducted interference level the EMC evaluation criterion

?6?.Interference spectrum at the output of LISN is introduced as.National or international regulations are the references for

?7??8??7??8?the evaluation of equipment in point of view of EMC II.SOURCE, PATH AND VICTIM OF EMI

.Undesired voltage or current is called interference and their cause is called interference source.In this paper a high-speed switching power supply is the source of interference.Interference propagated by radiation in area around of an interference source or by conduction through common cabling or wiring connections.In this study conducted emission is considered only.Equipment such as computers, receivers, amplifiers, industrial controllers, etc that are exposed to interference corruption are called victims.The common connections of elements, source lines and cabling provide paths for conducted noise or interference.Electromagnetic conducted interference has two components as differential mode and common mode ?9?.A.Differential mode conducted interference

This mode is related to the noise that is imposed between different lines of a test circuit by a noise source.Related current path is shown in Fig.1

?9?.The interference source, path impedances, differential mode current and load impedance are also shown in Fig.1.B.Common mode conducted interference

Common mode noise or interference could appear and impose between the lines, cables or connections and common ground.Any leakage current between load and common ground could be modeled by interference voltage source.Fig.2 demonstrates the common mode interference source, common mode currents IIand the related current paths

?9?cm1

and cm2

.The power electronics converters perform as noise source between lines of the supply network.In this study differential mode of conducted interference is particularly important and discussion will be continued considering this mode only.III.ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY REGULATIONS

Application of electrical equipment especially static power electronic converters in different equipment is increasing more and more.As mentioned before, power electronics converters are considered as an important source of electromagnetic interference and have corrupting effects on the electric networks ?2?.High level of pollution resulting from various disturbances reduces the quality of power in electric networks.On the other side some residential, commercial and especially medical consumers are so sensitive to power system disturbances including voltage and frequency variations.The best solution to reduce corruption and improve power quality is complying national or international EMC regulations.CISPR, IEC, FCC and VDE are among the most famous organizations from Europe, USA and Germany who are responsible for determining and publishing the most important EMC regulations.IEC and VDE requirement and limitations on conducted emission are shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4

?7??9?.For different groups of consumers different classes of regulations could be complied.Class A for common consumers and class B with more hard limitations for special consumers are separated in Fig.3 and Fig.4.Frequency range of limitation is different for IEC and VDE that are 150 kHz up to 30 MHz and 10 kHz up to 30 MHz respectively.Compliance of regulations is evaluated by comparison of measured or calculated conducted interference level in the mentioned frequency range with the stated requirements in regulations.In united European community compliance of regulation is mandatory and products must have certified label to show covering of requirements ?8?.IV.ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTED INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENT A.Line Impedance Stabilization Network(LISN)

1-Providing a low impedance path to transfer power from source to power electronics converter and load.2-Providing a low impedance path from interference source, here power electronics converter, to measurement port.Variation of LISN impedance versus frequency with the mentioned topology is presented in Fig.7.LISN has stabilized impedance in the range of conducted EMI measurement

?7?.Variation of level of signal at the output of LISN versus frequency is the spectrum of interference.The electromagnetic compatibility of a system can be evaluated by comparison of its interference spectrum with the standard limitations.The level of signal at the output of LISN in frequency range 10 kHz up to 30 MHz or 150 kHz up to 30 MHz is criterion of compatibility and should be under the standard limitations.In practical situations, the LISN output is connected to a spectrum analyzer and interference measurement is carried out.But for modeling and simulation purposes, the LISN output spectrum is calculated using appropriate software.V.SIMULATION OF EMI DUE TO A PWM BUCK TYPE SWITCHINGPOWER SUPPLY

For a simple fixed frequency PWM controller that is applied to a Buck DC/DC converter, it is possible to assume the error voltage(v)changes slow with respect to the switching frequency，ethe pulse width and hence the duty cycle can be approximated by(1).Vp is the saw tooth waveform amplitude.A.PWM waveform spectral analysis

The normalized pulse train m(t)of Fig.8 represents PWM switch current waveform.The nth pulse of PWM waveform consists of a fixed component D/fs , in which D is the steady state duty cycle, and a variable component dn/f sthat represents the variation of duty cycle due to variation of source, reference and load.As the PWM switch current waveform contains information concerning EMI due to power supply, it is required to do the spectrum analysis of this waveform in the frequency range of EMI studies.It is assumed that error voltage varies around Vwith amplitude of Vas is shown in(2).e

e1

fm represents the frequency of error voltage variation due to the variations of source, reference and load.The interception of the error voltage variation curve and the saw tooth waveform with switching frequency, leads to(3)for the computation of duty cycle coefficients?10?.Maximum variation of pulse width around its steady state value of D is limited to D1.In each period of Tm=1/fm , there will be r=fs/fm pulses with duty cycles of dn.Equation(4)presents the Fourier series coefficients Cn of the PWM waveform m(t).Which have the frequency spectrum of Fig.9.B-Equivalent noise circuit and EMI spectral analysis

To attain the equivalent circuit of Fig.6 the voltage source Vs is replaced by short circuit and converter is replaced by PWM waveform switch current(I)as it has shown in Fig.10.ex

The transfer function is defined as the ratio of the LISN output voltage to the EMI current source as in(5).The coefficients di, ni(i = 1, 2, … , 4)correspond to the parameters of the equivalent circuit.Rc and Lc are respectively the effective series resistance(ESR)and inductance(ESL)of the filter capacitor Cf that model the non-ideality of this element.The LISN and filter parameters are as follows: CN = 100 nF, r = 5 Ω, l = 50 uH, RN =50 Ω, LN=250 uH, Lf = 0, Cf =0, Rc= 0, Lc= 0, fs =25 kHz

The EMI spectrum is derived by multiplication of the transfer function and the source noise spectrum.Simulation results are shown in Fig.11.VI.PARAMETERS AFFECTION ON EMI A.Duty Cycle

The pulse width in PWM waveform varies around a steady state D=0.5.The output noise spectrum was simulated with values of D=0.25 and 0.75 that are shown in Fig.12 and Fig.13.Even harmonics are increased and odd ones are decreased that is desired in point of view of EMC.On the other hand the noise energy is distributed over a wider range of frequency and the level of EMI decreased ?11?.B.Amplitude of duty cycle variation

The maximum pulse width variation is determined by D.The EMI spectrum was simulated

1with D=0.05.Simulations are repeated with D=0.01 and 0.25 and the results are shown in Fig.14 1

1and Fig.15.Increasing of D1 leads to frequency modulation of the EMI signal and reduction in level of conducted EMI.Zooming of Fig.15 around 7component of switching frequency in Fig.16 shows the frequency modulation clearly.th

C.Error voltage frequency

The main factor in the variation of duty cycle is the variation of source voltage.The fm=100 Hz ripple in source voltage is the inevitable consequence of the usage of rectifiers.The simulation is repeated in the frequency of fm=5000 Hz.It is shown in Fig.17 that at a higher frequency for fm the noise spectrum expands in frequency domain and causes smaller level of conducted EMI.On the other hand it is desired to inject a high frequency signal to the reference voltage intentionally.D.Simultaneous effect of parameters

Simulation results of simultaneous application of D=0.75, D=0.25 and f=5000 Hz that lead

mto expansion of EMI spectrum over a wider frequencies and considerable reduction in EMI level is shown in Fig.18.VII.CONCLUSION

Appearance of Electromagnetic Interference due to the fast switching semiconductor devices performance in power electronics converters is introduced in this paper.Radiated and conducted interference are two types of Electromagnetic Interference where conducted type is studied in this paper.Compatibility regulations and conducted interference measurement were explained.LISN as an important part of measuring process besides its topology, parameters and impedance were described.EMI spectrum due to a PWM Buck type DC/DC converter was considered and simulated.It is necessary to present mechanisms to reduce the level of Electromagnetic interference.It shown that EMI due to a PWM Buck type switching power supply could be reduced by controlling parameters such as duty cycle, duty cycle variation and reference voltage frequency.VIII.REFRENCES

[1] Mohan, Undeland, and Robbins, “Power Electronics Converters, Applications and Design” 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.[2] P.Moy, “EMC Related Issues for Power Electronics”, IEEE, Automotive Power Electronics, 1989, 28-29 Aug.1989 pp.46 – 53.[3] M.J.Nave, “Prediction of Conducted Interference in Switched Mode Power Supplies”, Session 3B, IEEE International Symp.on EMC, 1986.[4] Henderson, R.D.and Rose, P.J., “Harmonics and their Effects on Power Quality and Transformers”, IEEE Trans.On Ind.App., 1994, pp.528-532.[5] I.Kasikci, “A New Method for Power Factor Correction and Harmonic Elimination in Power System”, Proceedings of IEEE Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, Volume 3, pp.810 – 815, Oct.2000.[6] M.J.Nave, “Line Impedance Stabilization Networks: Theory and Applications”, RFI/EMI Corner, April 1985, pp.54-56.[7] T.Williams, “EMC for Product Designers” 3edition 2001 Newnes.[8] B.Keisier, “Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility”, 3edition ARTECH HOUSE 1987.[9] J.C.Fluke, “Controlling Conducted Emission by Design”, Vanhostrand Reinhold 1991.[10] M.Daniel,”DC/DC Switching Regulator Analysis”, McGrawhill 1988

[11] M.J.Nave,” The Effect of Duty Cycle on SMPS Common Mode Emission: theory and experiment”, IEEE National Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Page(s): 211-216, 23-25 May 1989.rd

rd