第一篇：莫高窟英語導(dǎo)游詞 Mogao Caves講詞英文

Mogao caves

Good morning my dear friends.Welcome to beautiful Gansu province.I am your tour guide , please take down my cellphone number and if you have any problem, i’d love to serve you.Now we are going to visit the Buddhist art treasure that known to all the world-Dunuang Mogao Grottoes.Mogao Grottoes is 25 kilometers far from the southeast of downtown Dunhuang , it is the world's largest treasure house of Buddhist art.I will take some time to do some simple introductions of the Mogao Grottoes.I believe many of you have heard about the interesting stories or comments about Dunuang Mogao.It is said that once you have been to Grottoes, you are likely to see the general view of the ancient civilization of the whole world.Grottoes is the most brilliant gallery of Buddhist art in the world, the greatest treasure house of Buddhism.The Mogao Caves are the best known of the Chinese Buddhist grottoes and, along with Longmen Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes, are one of the three famous ancient Buddhist sculptural sites of China.Mogao Caves is famous for its profound history.It has a huge size of building scale, and holds a large number of Buddhist mural.The modeling of the statue is extremely awesome and the those of painting and statues have been saved so perfectly.These whole factors made Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes world-wide renown.Every year here would serve so many visitors so that the number of tourist is beyond counting.Because of the great number of visitors, it is a good place for the communication between Chinese and foreign culture.It is also suitable for education in patriotism, because as is known to all, many Buddha statue were destroyed and stole abroad for the commercial purpose.The Buddhist mural in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are unique.The caves themselves are now a popular tourist destination, with a number open for visiting.If we adjoin the totally 45,000 square meters murals one by one, the length of whole mural would reach at least 25 kilometers, the same as the distance from the downtown Dunhuang to the Dunhuang Mogao Caves.A french scholar called it “the library on the wall”.Another name for Mogao Caves is also known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas.“Thousand”, this word here does not means a specific concept of number, but indicate the big amounts of caves here.Also because of the huge number of its Buddha statues and mural-painted caves.But the name of Mogao Caves were first found in a cave that excavated during the Sui dynasty---The cave number 423.There was a note of its excavation information, and the name “Mogao Caves” was in the note.But as many famous scenic spot, these Caves also have many stories of its source of name.Unable to agree which is right, there are three major versions of the source: first, it is said that because the cave excavated at such a height on the cliff in the desert.Because in the pronunciation of Chinese character，the word “Desert” is pronounced as “Mo” and the “height” is pronounced as “Gao”, so people took the pronounce “MO” and the “Gao” to use as the name of these caves.Another version supposes that many unearthed Buddhist scriptures and documents accounted during Tang dynasty recorded about the name of mountain group in the range of Dunhuang county.The excavated caves were just located in the mountain group that named Mogao.According to the rules of ancient usual practice, the caves took the same name of the mountain group.The final version was said that “Mogao” means free oneself from the the mortal world.Mogao comes from the pronunciation of Sanskrit.Mogao is just a transliteration.Dunhuang took a special location since Han and Wei dynasty.This land dwelt not only the Han nationality ,but also many ethnic minorities.So it is a multi-culture residence.In ancient times, people passed through Dunhuang to went to the Western Region(a Han Dynasty term for the area west of Yumenguan, including what is now Xinjiang and parts of Central Asia).And the people lived in the Western Region also saw it a main drag to go into the Central Plains(comprising the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghe River).People donate their money to built the brilliant statues and caves, no matter what their social class is and no matter how much money they donate.The company of traveling merchants, emissary from abroad and monks lived in desert prayed for safety.So more and more caves emerged in large numbers.Now we can see the Mogao Grottoes over there, it is backed by Mingsha mountain, confronted Sanwei mountain（三危峰）.The whole scenic spot stretching 1600 metres from north to south.There are 735 caves existed till now.Those caves are different in its size and scattered up and down.The Buddha statues in the caves is so vivid, what’s more, the pretty and charming Flying Apsaras(or FeiTian飛天)，stunning murals and delicate brick, those art treasure compose a beautiful mysterious Buddhist world.Mogao Grottoes originally built in 366 CE, passed through 10 different ancient dynasty.After the Tang dynasty, the site went into a gradual declined, and construction of new cave ceased entirely after the Yuan dynasty.Islam had conquered much of central Asia, and the silk road declined in importance when trading via sea-routes began to dominated Chinese trade with the outside world.During the Ming dynasty, the silk road was finally officially abandoned, and Dunhunag slowly become depopulated and largely forgotten by the outside world.Most of the Mogao caves were abandoned.The site however, was still a place of pilgrimage and used as a place of worship by local people at the beginning of 20th century when there was renewed interest in the site.Now there are about 45,000 square meters murals exist, and about 2400 Buddha statues are preserved.The most greatest statue height 30 meters, and the most widest mural extends 50 square meters.The murals on the caves spanned a long period of history, from the 5th to the 4th century.The murals are largely of Buddhist theme, some however are of traditional mythical theme(傳統(tǒng)神話主題）.Early murals showed a strong Indian and Central Asian influence in the painting techniques.But as for a distinct Dunhuang style, however, it began to emerge during Northern Wei Dynasty(北魏）.These fantastic murals shows us the life of ancient society: agricultural production, transportation, architecture, art, music,and dance, folk customs, religious beliefs, ideological change, ethnic relationship, Sino-foreign communication...and so on.And now let’s walk into the cave.The cave were cut into the side of a cliff, which is close to tow kilometers long.At its height during the Tang dynasty, there were more than a thousands caves, but over time, many of the caves were lost, including the earliest caves.735 caves currently exist in Mogao, the best-known ones are the 487 caves located in the southern section of the cliff which places of pilgrimage and worship.248 caves have also been found at the north which were living quarters(住處）, meditation chambers(冥想室）and burial sites(土葬)for the monks.The caves at the southern section are decorated, while those at the northern section are mostly plain.The caves are clustered together according to their era, with new caves from a new dynasty being constructed in different part of the cliff.An important cache of documents was discovered in the so-called "Library Cave” one day in May,1900.A Taoist priest who were responsible for the manage of Grottoes found the cave for preserving Buddhism sutra(佛教經(jīng)典)by accident.These precious cultural relics finally delivered from oppression.But later these precious relics were stole abroad by devious means.Since then, the miserable destiny of these precious relics began and until now, many relics still exiled abroad in many country, for instance, France，Russia and Japan.In 1910, the Qin Government finally transported these robbed relics to Beijing, but some of relics were lost, stole or destroyed.It made a great lost of archaeology in China.The content of the library was dispersed around the world, and the largest collections are now found in Beijing, London, Paris and Berlin.In 1987, UNESCO listed Mogao Grottoes as the world cultural heritage.Those documents found in the cave mainly recorded religious classics and folk customs that wrote in different languages.Its contents involved different kinds of subjects.It is really significant for the research of ancient religion, politics and culture.Indeed, the research of these lost relics have been bred a new kind of subject---Dunhuangnology.（敦煌學(xué)，the study of Dunhuang）

So you may wondering, why did people excavate the caves just for preserving classics? One of version indicate that during the time about the beginning of 11th century, the Xixia dynasty invaded Dunhuang.Monks and believers excavated those caves for preserve Buddhist classics.Another version also related to invasion, it is said that Buddhist monks built the cave to prevented those precious classics from the destroy by Muslims.But after the chaos, some monks died, others escaped or resume regular life, so the huge amount of classics were left in the cave with nobody care for.I guess you can not wait to see the marvelous sculptures in caves, actually，There are around 2,400 surviving clay statues at Mogao.These were first constructed on a wooden frame, padded with reed, then modeled in clay stucco(粘土）, and finished with paint.The early sculptures were based on Indian and central Asian prototypes with some in Greco-Indian(印度希臘王國(guó)）style of Gandhara(古印度）.Over time the statues showed more Chinese elements and became gradually sinicized(中國(guó)化）.Now we are entering number 328 cave.This cave is significant for its excellent statues.I would like to take up some of your time to do a further introduction of the modeling techniques about colored statues in this cave.The Mogao statues needs tow parts of techniques to model a sculpture---model in clay and decorate with color.The modeling techniques in Mogao can be divided into 3 major aspects: round modeling, floating modeling and shadow modeling(圓塑、浮塑、影塑).The round modeling technique use figurable clay to built a Buddha statue, which is three-dimensional for admire in all directions.While the floating modeling and shadow modeling is majorly use for decorate the 3D statues.For instance, above the vivid Buddha statue is flammule(佛光), craftsman used the technique of floating modeling to show the holy glory.And the shadow modeling skill may used to emerge the smaller statues or beautiful Flying Apsaras(or FeiTian飛天).Among these Buddha statues, the smallest one measured less then one foot, and the greatest one measured more than 30 meters.The Buddha is generally shown as the central statue, often attended by boddhisattvas, along with the statues of Buddua’s disciples and the the statues of Arhan.For the different finished time of statues, the style of them was totally different.For example, the statues built during the Wei-chin period were especially slim in shape and pale in color.Because during this period, entire society admired slim body.The intellectuals were proud of their aspiration, which made them despised the power and sought for freedom.Statues are the main relics of the Mogao Caves.Mostly, the statues appears in form of a combination that one Buddhas may have two attendant Bodhisattvas.The plump style in the modeling techniques in the early days gradually became slim and pale later.Statues from the Sui and Tang periods may be present as larger groups of seven or nine.The craftsman also started to built giant Buddha.As we can see, in the cave number 148 and number 158, there are tow Reclined Buddha statue(臥佛).Both the tow reclined Buddha statues are about 16 meters long.Reclined Buddha also named the Nirvana Buddha statue（涅槃像).One type of caves constructed is the Nirvana Cave, which features a large reclining Buddha that covers the entire length of the hall.The statue shows people the composed and peaceful expression of the Buddha.the Buddha was different from ordinary people---Buddha could bear death with equanimity.More then that, there is a highest Buddha statue in Mogao called The larger northern giant Buddha, which is more than 30 meters in the cave number 96 at the northern part of Mogao Caves.The larger northern giant Buddha had been repaired and restored many times, consequently its clothing, colour and gestures had been changed and only the head retained its original Early Tang appearance.The larger Buddha is housed in a wooden building, originally 4 floors high, but is now a 9-floor structure.And at the southern part of Mogao, a 26 meters Buddha was standing divinely until now.Those marvelous statues were built at the same period.Its artistic style was tend to both dignified and graceful.Particularly the works built during the Tang dynasty, we can even feel the mercy of the Buddha.The high standard of modeling techniques also made the statues like a real body.Cave number 285 best represents the art style of statues during the Western Wei period.Its dome is just like a inverse hopper(覆斗），envelop the square meditation hall(禪室).The notes on the wall tells people the story about why people built the statues after the unity of the Western Wei dynasty.This cave are suppose to be the earliest one that has notes of exact time on wall.The south wall of this cave depicted a story---the story of five hundred robbers become Buddha.It said that once in ancient India, five hundred men rebelled and became robbers.The king sent army to captured them and dug their eyes, banished them in the forest.They were too suffering to bare the tribulation, so they yelled loudly to pray for the relief from Buddha.The great and merciful Buddha showed great mercy and cured their eyes, then taught them with Buddhist idea.Finally these robbers converted in Buddhism, and became the Buddha through their hard self-cultivation(修行).The mural is so vivid that even in our modern life, we can also benefit from the story.That is to say, as long as you have the courage and awareness to put right your weak point, it will never be late to change.One of the central features of Tang art in Mogao is the aspiration of the paradise of the west, indicating the increasing popularity of Mahayana Buddhism in the Tang era.The murals of Tantric Buddhism(密宗), such as the eleven-headed or thousand-armed Guanyin, also started to appear in Mogao wall paintings during the Tang period.The most fully painted caves have painting all over the walls and ceilings, with geometrical or plant decoration filling the spaces, which are above all of the Buddha.They are valued for the scale and richness of content as well as their artistry.The artistry of the murals reached its apogee during the Tang period, and the quality of the work dropped after the tenth century.The paintings often depict jataka tales which are stories of the life of Buddha.One of the central features of Tang art in Mogao is the representation of the paradise of the Pure Land, the paradise of the west.The cave number 220 is a cave that excavated during the early Tang dynasty.The murals on southern and northern wall formerly covered by the murals painted in Song Dynasty.In 1948, when people peeled off the surface, the marvelous Tang dynasty murals was emerge.People astonished at its brand new color and completeness.The murals was extremely brilliant.The murals on southern wall depicted Amitabha in his pure land of Sukhavati(阿彌陀凈土變相圖).This painting is base on Amitabha Sutra(佛說阿彌陀經(jīng)), displays scenery of the paradise of the west.The center of the mural is a pond with fencing around.The great and merciful Amitabha is sitting on the lotus seat that under two trees named Shara.Attendant Buddhisattvas(脅侍菩薩)stands beside Amitabha, along with Flying Apsaras(or FeiTian飛天)and those goddesses who are playing the Chinese ancient instrument.It is really a grand sight.In front of the precious pond, there is a colorful platform which is decorate with colorful tiles.The musicians seat on it and playing all kinds of instrument.Two dancing girls are dancing in the center of the platform.They do the tiptoe dance on a round carpet with graceful posture.Their flimsy dress streaming in the air.They devote all their enthusiasm.In 1941, when the painter Zhang Daqian arrived at the caves with a small team of assistants and stayed for two and a half years to repair and copy the murals.He then exhibited and published the copies of the murals, which helped to publicize and give much prominence to the art of Dunhuang within China.And in 1961, the Mogao Caves were declared to be a specially protected historical monument by the State Council, and renovation work at Mogao began soon afterwards.The site escaped the widespread damage caused during the Cultural Revolution.Ok, now we have 30 minutes to enjoy the murals.I’d love to answer your question if you need.

第二篇：敦煌莫高窟導(dǎo)游詞

四年三班劉超越敦煌莫高窟導(dǎo)游詞

親愛的游客們：

你們好！我是本次帶領(lǐng)你們?nèi)ザ鼗湍呖叩膶?dǎo)游，我叫劉超越，大家可以叫我劉導(dǎo)。希望大家玩的愉快，玩的安全，玩的開心。

游客們，我現(xiàn)在要給你介紹一下世界古代藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)——敦煌莫高窟了，請(qǐng)大家請(qǐng)聽我講的話。

敦煌莫高窟坐落在甘肅省三危山和鳴沙山的懷抱中，四周布滿沙丘。你們知道嗎？莫高窟有492個(gè)洞窟，這是一個(gè)足以讓人震撼的數(shù)目。

莫高窟保存著兩千多尊彩塑。這些彩塑個(gè)性鮮明，神態(tài)各異。有慈眉善目的菩薩，有威風(fēng)凜凜的天王，還有強(qiáng)壯勇猛的力士。還有一尊臥佛長(zhǎng)達(dá)16米，啊！是多么的雄偉！他側(cè)身臥著，眼睛微閉，神態(tài)安詳。

這莫高窟不僅有精妙絕倫的彩塑，還有四萬五千多平方米宏偉瑰麗的壁畫。壁畫的內(nèi)容豐富多彩，有記錄佛教故事的、有描繪神佛形象的、有反映民間生活的、還有描摹自然風(fēng)光的……其中最引人矚目的，是那成百上千的飛天。壁畫上的飛天，有的臂掩花籃，采摘五顏六色的鮮花；有的懷抱琵笆，輕撥銀弦；有的倒懸身子，自天而降；有的彩帶漂浮，漫天遨游；有的舒展雙臂，翩翩起舞……

莫高窟里面還有一個(gè)面積不大的洞窟——藏經(jīng)洞。洞里藏有我國(guó)古代的各種經(jīng)卷、文書、帛畫、刺繡、銅像等六萬多件。由于清王朝腐敗無能，大量珍貴的古文物被帝國(guó)主義分子掠走。

今天的旅途要告一段落了，大家在回家的途中要注意安全，不要打鬧，希望我們還會(huì)相見，再見

第三篇：敦煌莫高窟導(dǎo)游詞

蓮山 課件 w w

w.5Y k J.cO m文秘

敦煌莫高窟導(dǎo)游詞

周一淳

女士們，先生們!歡迎來到歷史悠久的敦煌莫高窟。我是你們的導(dǎo)游。大家就叫我老周吧。四大石窟有：龍門石窟，云岡石窟，麥積山石窟，和敦煌莫高窟。其中最大的，可就是敦煌莫高窟了。接下來，就跟著我一起去敦煌莫高窟看看吧！

首先我要向大家介紹：莫高窟的千佛洞。他被譽(yù)為20世紀(jì)最有價(jià)值的文化發(fā)現(xiàn)，“東方盧浮宮”坐落在走廊西端的敦煌，以精美的壁畫和塑像聞名于世?，F(xiàn)有洞窟735個(gè)，壁畫405平方米，泥質(zhì)彩塑2415尊，是世界上現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大，內(nèi)容最豐富的佛教圣地。

各種各樣的石窟大小不一。千佛洞的巖壁上雕刻著成千上萬的小佛像，每個(gè)小佛像雖然只有一寸多高，但頭和身子都雕刻得栩栩如生，活靈活現(xiàn)。好了，到下一個(gè)景點(diǎn)。

你們看，這個(gè)東西是一個(gè)九層的遮掩，也叫“北大像”，高36米，是世界第三大佛哦！

莫高窟是一個(gè)百寶箱。

好了，游覽到此結(jié)束。歡迎下次再來！

w.5Y k J.cO m文秘

第四篇：敦煌莫高窟導(dǎo)游詞

各位朋友：

你們好?，F(xiàn)在我?guī)Т蠹胰⒂^舉世聞名的佛教藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)--敦煌莫高窟。莫高窟呀離敦煌市區(qū)東南25公里處，我用這段時(shí)間，就莫高窟先做一點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。

敦煌莫高窟和洛陽龍門石窟、大同的云岡石窟并稱為中國(guó)三大石窟。莫高窟的開鑿比龍門石窟早128年、比云岡石窟早94年。莫高窟以它創(chuàng)建年代之久。建筑規(guī)模之大、壁畫數(shù)量之多、塑像造型之多、保存之完整，其藝術(shù)價(jià)值之博大精深而聞名天下，享譽(yù)國(guó)內(nèi)外。一年中游客接踵而來，絡(luò)繹不絕，對(duì)促進(jìn)文化交流，傳播學(xué)說，弘揚(yáng)民族藝術(shù)，進(jìn)行愛國(guó)主義教育起了舉足輕重的作用。莫高窟的壁畫藝術(shù)是龍門、云岡石窟所沒有的，是世界上任何石窟寺所無法相比的，它是莫高窟藝術(shù)的精髓。如果所45000平方米壁畫一張張連接起來將長(zhǎng)達(dá)25公里，要把這些壁畫哪放在路邊的話，可以構(gòu)成個(gè)從市區(qū)到莫高窟的一條長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的畫廊。其規(guī)模之宏大，題材之廣泛，藝術(shù)之精湛，被日本學(xué)者稱之為“一大畫廊”；法國(guó)學(xué)者稱之為“墻壁上的圖書館”；正如一位學(xué)者看了莫高窟后感慨的說：“看了離煌石窟就等于看到了世界的古代文明”。

項(xiàng)高窟俗稱千佛洞，“千”這個(gè)數(shù)字在這里不指具體的數(shù)目，而是喻指很多，因?yàn)檫@里有許多佛教塑像、壁畫的洞窟，所以俗稱為“千佛洞”。莫高窟這個(gè)名稱最早出現(xiàn)在隋代洞窟第423號(hào)洞窟題記中，其名稱的由來眾說紛紜，莫衷一是，大抵有三種說法：其一，是說菲高窟開鑿于沙漠的高處而得名，在古漢語中“沙漠”的“漠”和“莫高窟”的“莫”是通假字；其二是說從藏經(jīng)洞出土的文書和許多唐代文獻(xiàn)都記載，唐代沙州敦煌縣境內(nèi)有“漠高山”、“漠高里”之稱，據(jù)此考證，鳴沙山在隋唐也稱漠高山，因此將石窟以附近的鄉(xiāng)、里名稱命名；其三是說在梵文里“莫高”之音是解脫的意思，“莫高”是梵文的音譯。

由于敦煌自漢魏以來，是漢族和許多少數(shù)民族聚集雜居之地，各民族文化在這里交匯、融合；敦煌又是西出西域，東入中原的咽喉要道，自古以來，人們篤信佛教，地方的官使吏、豪門貴族、善男信女以及貧苦的老百姓都拿出銀兩來開窟、造像、繪畫作為自己的家廟來供養(yǎng)佛和菩薩；來往于絲綢古道的商人、使者、僧侶等為了祈佑自己能平安突起塔克拉瑪干大沙漠，或取福佑，死后進(jìn)入天國(guó)的投資。于是在鳴沙山的崖壁上，大大小小的窟龕不斷涌現(xiàn)。

大家看前邊有綠色的地主就是莫高窟，它背靠鳴沙山，面對(duì)三危峰，窟區(qū)南北全長(zhǎng)1600多米，現(xiàn)存洞窟492個(gè)，洞窟大小不一，上下錯(cuò)落，密布崖面，每個(gè)洞窟里面都有栩栩如生的塑像，婀娜多姿的飛天，精美絕倫的壁畫，構(gòu)圖精巧的花磚，構(gòu)成了一個(gè)充滿宗教氛圍的佛國(guó)世界。莫高窟始建于前秦建元二年，也就是公元366年，歷經(jīng)北涼、北魏、西魏、北周、隋、唐、五代、宋、西夏、元等朝代，在現(xiàn)存的洞窟中有壁畫45000多平方米，塑像2400余身，最大塑像主，30多米，最大壁畫約50平方米。這些壁畫、塑像，在不同程度上反映了我國(guó)從4世紀(jì)到14世紀(jì)上下延續(xù)千年的不同時(shí)代的社會(huì)、生產(chǎn)、生活、交通、建筑、藝術(shù)、音樂、舞蹈、民情風(fēng)俗、宗教信仰、思想變化、民族關(guān)系、中外交往等情況。在我國(guó)三大石窟中，莫高窟是開鑿最早，延續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)，規(guī)模最大，內(nèi)容最豐富的石窟群。在世界文化史上也具有珍貴的價(jià)值。有“人類文化珍藏”、“形象歷史博物館”、“世界畫廊”之稱。

現(xiàn)在我進(jìn)入洞窟參觀，首先我們?nèi)⒂^有名有“藏經(jīng)洞”。這個(gè)洞窟位于系統(tǒng)工程號(hào)洞窟甬道的北側(cè)，編號(hào)為17窟，洞窟原是晚唐時(shí)期河西都僧統(tǒng)洪的“影窟”，有碑文載這一事實(shí)。1900年5月的一天，管理莫高窟的道士王圓錄在一個(gè)偶然的機(jī)會(huì)，打開了秘百多年的“藏經(jīng)洞”，這些珍貴無比的文物終于重見天日了，但是清王朝的腐敗加之王圓錄的愚昧，使這些珍貴的文物遭到了帝國(guó)主義分子的肆無忌憚的掠奪和盜劫。1905年沙皇俄國(guó)的奧勃魯切夫來到莫高窟，以六包日用品為誘餌，騙取了一批文物。1907年，英國(guó)人斯坦因，僅用數(shù)十塊馬蹄銀，劫取了約一萬多卷，同時(shí)還有佛教繡品和佛畫五百多幅，現(xiàn)藏于大英博物館；1908年法國(guó)人伯希和盜走文物六千多卷，現(xiàn)在藏于巴黎法國(guó)國(guó)立圖書館和吉美博物館。1911年10月日本大谷光瑞探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)的吉川小一郎和桔瑞超盜走約九百余卷。直到1910年清政府才將被劫余的文物運(yùn)往北京，收藏在北京圖書館。在運(yùn)輸途中及運(yùn)到北京后不少文物被偷、損壞、遺失，是中國(guó)考古史上一次難以估量的損失?！安亟?jīng)洞”發(fā)現(xiàn)的這些文書內(nèi)容包括宗教經(jīng)典和多種文字寫的世欲文書，它涉及到許多學(xué)科，是研究古代宗教、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、文化的重要資料，經(jīng)過國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者幾十年的研究、開拓出一門全新熱門的學(xué)科--敦煌學(xué)。

那么藏經(jīng)洞是什么時(shí)候、為何密封的呢？一說是：十一世紀(jì)初，西夏侵入敦敦煌時(shí)為了保護(hù)經(jīng)典而藏；一說是：不用但又不能丟棄的神圣經(jīng)典存放；再一說是：為了防止伊斯蘭教徒破壞而藏。后來收藏了這些經(jīng)典的僧侶，逃的逃了，還俗的還俗了，死的死了。直到本世紀(jì)初發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)洞窟為止，再?zèng)]有人知道這件事。

下面我?guī)Т蠹胰⒂^328窟，這個(gè)洞窟的精彩所在為塑像，在進(jìn)入洞窟前，就彩塑的大致情況給大家介紹一下。莫高窟的彩塑有圓塑、浮塑、影塑等幾種形式。小的不足盈寸，最大的高34.5米，是世界第四大佛。一般的塑像都是用木頭搭架，上面纏上麥稈、谷草、蘆葦、麻絲等，然后用特制的粘涂塑，整形雕刻，最后上彩繪畫的。塑像主要有四大類：（1）佛像，包括釋迦、彌勒、藥師、阿彌陀以及三世佛、七世佛；（2）菩薩像，包括觀音、文殊、普賢及供養(yǎng)菩薩等；（3）弟子像，包括迦葉、阿難；（4）尊神像，包括天王、力士、羅漢等，另外還有一些鬼神、神獸等動(dòng)物塑像。由于制作年代不同，風(fēng)格也截然不同，尤其是魏晉南北朝時(shí)期的“秀骨清像”、“曹衣出水”和唐代的“吳帶當(dāng)風(fēng)”等風(fēng)格，充分地體現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)的藝術(shù)巨匠超凡的想象和高超的思維。

塑像是石窟的主體，多為1佛2菩薩的組合，前期的粗壯而逐漸演變到后期的清瘦。隋、唐以來出現(xiàn)了一鋪七身或九身的群像，也出現(xiàn)了大的造像，如148窟和158窟的兩身長(zhǎng)16米多的涅槃像、96窟高3405米的北大佛和130窟高26米的南大佛，都是一時(shí)期的作品，其藝術(shù)風(fēng)格也趨向雍容華麗，特別是唐代的許多優(yōu)秀作品，那注入的感情和技巧，給人的印象就像真實(shí)的生命體。

285窟是莫高窟西魏時(shí)期的代表洞窟，建筑形式為覆斗頂方形禪窟，內(nèi)有西魏大統(tǒng)四、五年，造像題記，是莫高窟最早的一個(gè)有記年的洞窟。

南壁禪窟上面繪有《五百?gòu)?qiáng)盜在佛因緣》故事，講的是：在古印度有五百人造反為盜國(guó)王派軍隊(duì)捕獲，挖去雙眼，放逐山林，他們痛苦不堪，嚎啕大哭，呼喚佛的名號(hào)，佛聽到后，大發(fā)慈悲，用神通力使他們恢復(fù)光明，并現(xiàn)身說法，終于使五百?gòu)?qiáng)盜皈依佛門。畫面非常寫實(shí)，每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都作出細(xì)致的描繪，這則故事對(duì)今人同樣教育意義，只要迷途知返，懸崖勒馬，還為時(shí)不晚。

220窟是初唐開鑿的洞窟。這個(gè)洞窟南北兩壁面，原來被宋代的壁畫覆蓋，1948年已殘損的千佛畫被剝掉后，下面露出了初唐時(shí)代的壁畫，色彩如初，非常清新鮮麗，保存狀態(tài)極其完好，而且是非常精美的作品。南壁是根據(jù)《佛說阿彌陀經(jīng)》繪畫的“阿彌陀凈土變”，中間是欄桿環(huán)圍的寶池，沙羅雙樹下的蓮花臺(tái)上坐著阿彌陀佛，以脅侍菩薩為中心，諸菩薩、飛天、伎樂天等眾圣云集，場(chǎng)面非常壯觀。寶池前有紅、綠、黑、白顏色的瓷磚鋪設(shè)的平臺(tái)，正面舞臺(tái)上樂師們?cè)谘葑喔鞣N樂器，平臺(tái)中央有兩個(gè)舞姬，在圓形的地毯上踏著音樂節(jié)奏立著腳尖跳舞，羽衣飄動(dòng)，激烈歡快。英建筑藝術(shù)主要指洞窟的形制。石窟本身就是具有立體空間的建筑。前期的洞窟以中心塔柱式為主。所謂中心塔柱式既開鑿時(shí)就在洞窟的中央留下一個(gè)方柱，在柱子的上面開龕，龕內(nèi)塑像；中期開鑿的洞窟相對(duì)較大，中心塔柱式被廟堂式即伏頭號(hào)代替，多數(shù)是在洞窟正面墻壁上開較大的佛龕，塑造多身塑像。窟頂為覆斗式，天井彩繪精美的圖案，后期開鑿的洞窟都比較大，縱深二三十米，稱殿堂窟。洞窟中央高有佛壇，佛壇上面塑造多身較大的塑像。除此以外還有禪窟、大佛窟和涅磐窟。從洞窟建筑形式的轉(zhuǎn)變和多樣化，反映了古代藝術(shù)家們?cè)诮邮芡鈦砦幕耐M(jìn)，融化、成為本民族的東西。另外莫高窟還保存著宋代木結(jié)構(gòu)窟檐五座，以及散布其周圍造型獨(dú)特的舍利塔十幾座。加上壁畫中彩繪的亭、臺(tái)、樓、閣、殿、寺院、城池、民居、茅巷、野店等等，構(gòu)成了莫高窟無比豐富的建筑藝術(shù)的寶庫(kù)，也是一部敦煌建筑史。

第五篇：莫高窟的導(dǎo)游詞作文

莫高窟的導(dǎo)游詞作文

女士們，先生們，歡迎來到歷史悠久的敦煌莫高窟，我是你們的導(dǎo)游，大家叫我小潘吧！敦煌莫高窟可是中國(guó)四大石窟之一哦！四大石窟還有：龍門石窟、云岡石窟和麥積山石窟。但是這些石窟都不能和敦煌莫高窟比美，因?yàn)槎鼗湍呖呖墒鞘澜缟献畲蟮氖吣?！它的歷史也很悠久，它修建于十六國(guó)的前秦時(shí)期，北朝、隋朝、唐朝、五代、西夏和元朝這幾個(gè)朝代都修建過。說完了這些，就跟我到敦煌莫高窟中去看看吧！

你們看，這就是敦煌莫高窟西南方向的一個(gè)洞窟：西千佛洞，你們猜這個(gè)洞有多長(zhǎng)嗎？一定不知道吧，其實(shí)這個(gè)洞有2.5公里長(zhǎng)呢！這些泥巴彩塑在這個(gè)洞里有34個(gè)呢，但是整個(gè)莫高窟的彩塑就有2415個(gè)呢！

各種各樣的石窟大小不一，最大的第16窟達(dá)268平方米，最小的第37窟才高不到一英尺。莫高窟壁畫繪于洞窟的四壁，窟頂和佛龕內(nèi)。內(nèi)容非常的博大精深，主要有佛像、佛教的故事、佛教史跡、經(jīng)變、神怪、供養(yǎng)和裝飾圖案等七類題材，此外還有很多生活方面的畫作。好了，說了那么多，我們就去參觀下一個(gè)景觀吧！

你們看，這個(gè)東西是一個(gè)九層的遮檐，也叫“北大像”，正立于崖窟中段，與崖頂?shù)雀?，巍峨壯觀。其間有彌勒佛坐像，高36米，由石胎泥塑而成，是除了樂山大佛和榮縣大佛之外的第三大佛哦！

好了，敦煌莫高窟游覽結(jié)束，歡迎有機(jī)會(huì)再到這里來玩。

親愛的游客們，大家好!我姓王，大家可以叫我王導(dǎo)。

今天我們要去的地方是敦煌莫高窟。莫高窟又名千佛洞，坐落于中國(guó)西部甘肅省敦煌市東南二十五公里處鳴沙山的懸崖上，石窟南北長(zhǎng)一千六百余米，上下共五層，最高處達(dá)五十米，現(xiàn)存洞窟四百九十二個(gè)，壁畫四萬五千余米，彩塑兩千四百一十五身，飛天塑像四千余身，莫高窟規(guī)模宏大，歷史悠久，與山西省云南石窟、河南龍門石窟并稱為中國(guó)的“三大石窟藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)?！?/p>

莫高窟最初開鑿于公元三六六年，至公元一二一七年——一三六八年基本結(jié)束，期間經(jīng)過不斷開鑿，使莫高窟成為集各時(shí)期世界上最龐大、內(nèi)容最豐富、歷史最悠久的佛教藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)，同時(shí)也表現(xiàn)出歷代勞動(dòng)人民的杰出智慧和非凡的成就。

莫高窟旁邊長(zhǎng)滿了草，這些雜草不僅在旁邊裝飾，還長(zhǎng)得又高又密，兩旁栽了粗壯的大樹，便也成了這里一道風(fēng)景，從遠(yuǎn)望去，莫高窟在青草綠樹之間，多漂亮呀!這就是我們今天要欣賞到的風(fēng)景?，F(xiàn)在我的游覽開始，最后說一句：莫高窟確實(shí)很美麗，我祝愿大家旅行快樂、心情愉快。

女士們、先生們： 大家好！我是這次敦煌莫高窟一日游的導(dǎo)游，我姓陳，你們就叫我陳導(dǎo)吧！你們的眼前就是莫高窟的大門，想知道莫高窟是什么樣的嗎？聽我慢慢道來。

莫高窟，位于敦煌市東南部，距城約25公里，洞若觀火窟開在鳴沙山東的斷崖上。它是中國(guó)最大的古典藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)，也是佛教藝術(shù)中心。

游客們，洞窟數(shù)目達(dá)到492個(gè)，塑像2000尊以上，其中最大者33米，最小者僅10厘米。所以，塑像在莫高窟中最有名。

壁畫總面積為45000平方米，若將所有壁畫排列起來，就有30公里長(zhǎng)。如果說是莫高窟使的敦煌聞名全球的話，那么，使得莫高窟聞名的就首推這些壁畫，是旅游時(shí)的參觀重點(diǎn)。

游客們，你們知道嗎？莫高窟始建于東晉太和元年（公元366年）。傳說有個(gè)名叫樂尊的各黨路過此地，忽然見到金光閃耀，似有千佛顯現(xiàn)，認(rèn)為這就是佛家的圣地，遂四處募捐，開掘了第一個(gè)石窟。消息傳開后，商旅紛紛差使在此修造石窟，以期旅途平安。這樣一直延續(xù)到元代，經(jīng)歷1000多年。

1987年莫高窟被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)，受最重點(diǎn)的文物保護(hù)。

好了，現(xiàn)在我介紹到這兒，請(qǐng)大家漫步欣賞。不能亂扔果皮等垃圾，不能在壁畫上亂涂亂畫，要保護(hù)文物。謝謝。