第一篇：機(jī)械專業(yè)術(shù)語英文翻譯

陶瓷 ceramics 合成纖維 synthetic fibre 電化學(xué)腐蝕 electrochemical corrosion 車架 automotive chassis 懸架 suspension 轉(zhuǎn)向器 redirector 變速器 speed changer 板料沖壓 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 車間 workshop 工程技術(shù)人員 engineer 氣動(dòng)夾緊 pneuma lock 數(shù)學(xué)模型 mathematical model 畫法幾何 descriptive geometry 機(jī)械制圖 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 視圖 view 剖視圖 profile chart 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件 standard component 零件圖 part drawing 裝配圖 assembly drawing 尺寸標(biāo)注 size marking

技術(shù)要求 technical requirements 剛度 rigidity 內(nèi)力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲勞極限 fatigue limit 斷裂 fracture 塑性變形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 剛度準(zhǔn)則 rigidity criterion 墊圈 washer 墊片 spacer 直齒圓柱齒輪 straight toothed spur gear 斜齒圓柱齒輪 helical-spur gear 直齒錐齒輪 straight bevel gear 運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖 kinematic sketch 齒輪齒條 pinion and rack 蝸桿蝸輪 worm and worm gear 虛約束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 搖桿 racker 凸輪 cams

共軛曲線 conjugate curve 范成法 generation method 定義域 definitional domain 值域 range 導(dǎo)數(shù)微分 differential coefficient 求導(dǎo) derivation 定積分 definite integral 不定積分 indefinite integral 曲率 curvature 偏微分 partial differential 毛坯 rough 游標(biāo)卡尺 slide caliper 千分尺 micrometer calipers 攻絲 tap 二階行列式 second order determinant 逆矩陣 inverse matrix 線性方程組 linear equations 概率 probability 隨機(jī)變量 random variable 排列組合 permutation and combination 氣體狀態(tài)方程 equation of state of gas 動(dòng)能 kinetic energy

勢(shì)能 potential energy 機(jī)械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy

動(dòng)量 momentum 桁架 truss 軸線 axes 余子式 cofactor 邏輯電路 logic circuit 觸發(fā)器 flip-flop 脈沖波形 pulse shape 數(shù)模 digital analogy 液壓傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) fluid drive mechanism 機(jī)械零件 mechanical parts 淬火冷卻 quench 淬火 hardening 回火 tempering 調(diào)質(zhì) hardening and tempering 磨粒 abrasive grain 結(jié)合劑 bonding agent 砂輪 grinding wheel 后角 clearance angle 龍門刨削 planing

主軸 spindle 主軸箱 headstock 卡盤 chuck 加工中心 machining center 車刀 lathe tool 車床 lathe 鉆削 鏜削 bore 車削 turning 磨床 grinder 基準(zhǔn) benchmark 鉗工 locksmith 鍛 forge 壓模 stamping 焊 weld 拉床 broaching machine 拉孔 broaching 裝配 assembling 鑄造 found 流體動(dòng)力學(xué) fluid dynamics 流體力學(xué) fluid mechanics 加工 machining 液壓 hydraulic pressure

切線 tangent 機(jī)電一體化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 氣壓 air pressure pneumatic pressure 穩(wěn)定性 stability 介質(zhì) medium 液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)泵 fluid clutch 液壓泵 hydraulic pump 閥門 valve 失效 invalidation 強(qiáng)度 intensity 載荷 load 應(yīng)力 stress 安全系數(shù) safty factor 可靠性 reliability 螺紋 thread 螺旋 helix 鍵 spline 銷 pin 滾動(dòng)軸承 rolling bearing 滑動(dòng)軸承 sliding bearing 彈簧 spring

制動(dòng)器 arrester brake 十字結(jié)聯(lián)軸節(jié) crosshead 聯(lián)軸器 coupling 鏈 chain 皮帶 strap 精加工 finish machining 粗加工 rough machining 變速箱體 gearbox casing 腐蝕 rust 氧化 oxidation 磨損 wear 耐用度 durability 隨機(jī)信號(hào) random signal 離散信號(hào) discrete signal 超聲傳感器 ultrasonic sensor 集成電路 integrate circuit 擋板 orifice plate 殘余應(yīng)力 residual stress 套筒 sleeve 扭力 torsion 冷加工 cold machining 電動(dòng)機(jī) electromotor

汽缸 cylinder 過盈配合 interference fit 熱加工 hotwork 攝像頭 CCD camera 倒角 rounding chamfer 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) optimal design 工業(yè)造型設(shè)計(jì) industrial moulding design 有限元 finite element 滾齒 hobbing 插齒 gear shaping 伺服電機(jī) actuating motor 銑床 milling machine 鉆床 drill machine 鏜床 boring machine 步進(jìn)電機(jī) stepper motor 絲杠 screw rod 導(dǎo)軌 lead rail 組件 subassembly 可編程序邏輯控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC 電火花加工 electric spark machining 電火花線切割加工 electrical discharge wire-cutting 相圖 phase diagram

熱處理 heat treatment 固態(tài)相變 solid state phase changes 有色金屬 nonferrous metal 陶瓷 ceramics 合成纖維 synthetic fibre 電化學(xué)腐蝕 electrochemical corrosion 車架 automotive chassis 懸架 suspension 轉(zhuǎn)向器 redirector 變速器 speed changer 板料沖壓 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 車間 workshop 工程技術(shù)人員 engineer 氣動(dòng)夾緊 pneuma lock 數(shù)學(xué)模型 mathematical model 畫法幾何 descriptive geometry 機(jī)械制圖 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 視圖 view 剖視圖 profile chart 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件 standard component

零件圖 part drawing 裝配圖 assembly drawing 尺寸標(biāo)注 size marking 技術(shù)要求 technical requirements 剛度 rigidity 內(nèi)力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲勞極限 fatigue limit 斷裂 fracture 塑性變形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 剛度準(zhǔn)則 rigidity criterion 墊圈 washer 墊片 spacer 直齒圓柱齒輪 straight toothed spur gear 斜齒圓柱齒輪 helical-spur gear 直齒錐齒輪 straight bevel gear 運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖 kinematic sketch 齒輪齒條 pinion and rack 蝸桿蝸輪 worm and worm gear 虛約束 passive constraint

曲柄 crank 搖桿 racker 凸輪 cams 共軛曲線 conjugate curve 范成法 generation method 定義域 definitional domain 值域 range 導(dǎo)數(shù)微分 differential coefficient 求導(dǎo) derivation 定積分 definite integral 不定積分 indefinite integral 曲率 curvature 偏微分 partial differential 毛坯 rough 游標(biāo)卡尺 slide caliper 千分尺 micrometer calipers 攻絲 tap 二階行列式 second order determinant 逆矩陣 inverse matrix 線性方程組 linear equations 概率 probability 隨機(jī)變量 random variable

排列組合 permutation and combination 氣體狀態(tài)方程 equation of state of gas 動(dòng)能 kinetic energy 勢(shì)能 potential energy 機(jī)械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy 動(dòng)量 momentum

桁架 truss

軸線 axes

余子式 cofactor

邏輯電路 logic circuit

觸發(fā)器 flip-flop

脈沖波形 pulse shape

數(shù)模 digital analogy

液壓傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) fluid drive mechanism

機(jī)械零件 mechanical parts

淬火冷卻 quench

淬火 hardening

回火 tempering

調(diào)質(zhì) hardening and tempering

磨粒 abrasive grain

結(jié)合劑 bonding agent

砂輪 grinding wheel

Assembly line 組裝線 Layout 布置圖 Conveyer 流水線物料板 Rivet table 拉釘機(jī) Rivet gun 拉釘槍 Screw driver 起子

Pneumatic screw driver 氣動(dòng)起子 worktable 工作桌 OOBA 開箱檢查

fit together 組裝在一起 fasten 鎖緊(螺絲)fixture 夾具(治具)pallet 棧板 barcode 條碼

barcode scanner 條碼掃描器 fuse together 熔合 fuse machine熱熔機(jī) repair修理 operator作業(yè)員 QC品管

supervisor 課長(zhǎng) ME 制造工程師

MT 制造生技

cosmetic inspect 外觀檢查 inner parts inspect 內(nèi)部檢查 thumb screw 大頭螺絲 lbs.inch 鎊、英寸 EMI gasket 導(dǎo)電條 front plate 前板 rear plate 后板 chassis 基座 bezel panel 面板 power button 電源按鍵 reset button 重置鍵

Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高壓測(cè)試 Voltage switch of SPS 電源電壓接拉鍵 sheet metal parts 沖件 plastic parts 塑膠件 SOP 制造作業(yè)程序

material check list 物料檢查表 work cell 工作間 trolley 臺(tái)車 carton 紙箱 sub-line 支線

left fork 叉車

personnel resource department 人力資源部 production department生產(chǎn)部門 planning department企劃部 QC Section品管科 stamping factory沖壓廠 painting factory烤漆廠 molding factory成型廠 common equipment常用設(shè)備 uncoiler and straightener整平機(jī) punching machine 沖床 robot機(jī)械手

hydraulic machine油壓機(jī) lathe車床

planer |plein|刨床 miller銑床 grinder磨床

linear cutting線切割 electrical sparkle電火花 welder電焊機(jī)

staker=reviting machine鉚合機(jī) position職務(wù)

president董事長(zhǎng) general manager總經(jīng)理 special assistant manager特助 factory director廠長(zhǎng) department director部長(zhǎng)

deputy manager | =vice manager副理 section supervisor課長(zhǎng)

deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副課長(zhǎng) group leader/supervisor組長(zhǎng) line supervisor線長(zhǎng) assistant manager助理

to move, to carry, to handle搬運(yùn) be put in storage入庫(kù) pack packing包裝 to apply oil擦油 to file burr 銼毛刺 final inspection終檢 to connect material接料 to reverse material 翻料 wet station沾濕臺(tái) Tiana天那水 cleaning cloth抹布

to load material上料 to unload material卸料

to return material/stock to退料 scraped |'skr?pid|報(bào)廢 scrape..v.刮;削

deficient purchase來料不良 manufacture procedure制程

deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良 oxidation |' ksi'dei?n|氧化 scratch刮傷 dents壓痕

defective upsiding down抽芽不良 defective to staking鉚合不良 embedded lump鑲塊

feeding is not in place送料不到位 stamping-missing漏沖 production capacity生產(chǎn)力 education and training教育與訓(xùn)練 proposal improvement提案改善 spare parts=buffer備件 forklift叉車

trailer=long vehicle拖板車

compound die合模 die locker鎖模器

pressure plate=plate pinch壓板 bolt螺栓

administration/general affairs dept總務(wù)部 automatic screwdriver電動(dòng)啟子 thickness gauge厚薄規(guī) gauge(or jig)治具 power wire電源線 buzzle蜂鳴器

defective product label不良標(biāo)簽 identifying sheet list標(biāo)示單 location地點(diǎn)

present members出席人員 subject主題 conclusion結(jié)論 decision items決議事項(xiàng) responsible department負(fù)責(zé)單位 pre-fixed finishing date預(yù)定完成日

approved by / checked by / prepared by核準(zhǔn)/審核/承辦 PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE組裝廠生產(chǎn)排配表 model機(jī)鍾

work order工令 revision版次 remark備注

production control confirmation生產(chǎn)確認(rèn) checked by初審 approved by核準(zhǔn) department部門

stock age analysis sheet 庫(kù)存貨齡分析表 on-hand inventory現(xiàn)有庫(kù)存 available material良品可使用 obsolete material良品已呆滯

to be inspected or reworked 待驗(yàn)或重工 total合計(jì)

cause description原因說明 part number/ P/N 料號(hào) type形態(tài)

item/group/class類別 quality品質(zhì)

prepared by制表 notes說明

year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年終盤點(diǎn)差異分析表

physical inventory盤點(diǎn)數(shù)量

physical count quantity帳面數(shù)量 difference quantity差異量 cause analysis原因分析 raw materials原料 materials物料 finished product成品 semi-finished product半成品 packing materials包材

good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品 defective product/non-good parts不良品 disposed goods處理品 warehouse/hub倉(cāng)庫(kù) on way location在途倉(cāng) oversea location海外倉(cāng)

spare parts physical inventory list備品盤點(diǎn)清單 spare molds location模具備品倉(cāng) skid/pallet棧板 tox machine自鉚機(jī) wire EDM線割 EDM放電機(jī) coil stock卷料 sheet stock片料

tolerance工差 score=groove壓線 cam block滑塊 pilot導(dǎo)正筒 trim剪外邊 pierce剪內(nèi)邊 drag form壓鍛差

pocket for the punch head掛鉤槽 slug hole廢料孔 feature die公母模 expansion dwg展開圖 radius半徑 shim(wedge)楔子

torch-flame cut火焰切割 set screw止付螺絲 form block折刀 stop pin定位銷

round pierce punch=die button圓沖子 shape punch=die insert異形子 stock locater block定位塊 under cut=scrap chopper清角 active plate活動(dòng)板

baffle plate擋塊 cover plate蓋板 male die公模 female die母模 groove punch壓線沖子

air-cushion eject-rod氣墊頂桿 spring-box eject-plate彈簧箱頂板 bushing block襯套 insert 入塊 club car高爾夫球車 capability能力 parameter參數(shù) factor系數(shù) phosphate皮膜化成 viscosity涂料粘度 alkalidipping脫脂 main manifold主集流脈 bezel斜視規(guī) blanking穿落模 dejecting頂固模

demagnetization去磁;消磁 high-speed transmission高速傳遞

heat dissipation熱傳 rack上料 degrease脫脂 rinse水洗 alkaline etch齡咬 desmut剝黑膜 D.I.rinse純水次 Chromate鉻酸處理 Anodize陽(yáng)性處理 seal封孔 revision版次 part number/P/N料號(hào) good products良品 scraped products報(bào)放心品 defective products不良品 finished products成品 disposed products處理品 barcode條碼 flow chart流程表單 assembly組裝 stamping沖壓 molding成型

spare parts=buffer備品

coordinate座標(biāo) dismantle the die折模 auxiliary fuction輔助功能 poly-line多義線 heater band 加熱片 thermocouple熱電偶 sand blasting噴沙 grit 砂礫

derusting machine除銹機(jī) degate打澆口 dryer烘干機(jī) induction感應(yīng) induction light感應(yīng)光

response=reaction=interaction感應(yīng) ram連桿

edge finder巡邊器 concave凸 convex凹 short射料不足 nick缺口 speck瑕疵 shine亮班

splay 銀紋 gas mark焦痕 delamination起鱗 cold slug冷塊 blush 導(dǎo)色 gouge溝槽;鑿槽 satin texture段面咬花 witness line證示線 patent專利 grit沙礫

granule=peuet=grain細(xì)粒 grit maker抽粒機(jī) cushion緩沖 magnalium鎂鋁合金 magnesium鎂金 metal plate鈑金 lathe車 mill銼 plane刨 grind磨 drill鋁 boring鏜 blinster氣泡

fillet鑲;嵌邊

through-hole form通孔形式 voller pin formality滾針形式 cam driver鍘楔 shank摸柄 crank shaft曲柄軸 augular offset角度偏差 velocity速度

production tempo生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度現(xiàn)狀 torque扭矩

spline=the multiple keys花鍵 quenching淬火 tempering回火 annealing退火 carbonization碳化

tungsten high speed steel鎢高速的 moly high speed steel鉬高速的 organic solvent有機(jī)溶劑 bracket小磁導(dǎo) liaison聯(lián)絡(luò)單 volatile揮發(fā)性 resistance電阻

ion離子 titrator滴定儀 beacon警示燈 coolant冷卻液 crusher破碎機(jī)

阿基米德蝸桿 Archimedes worm 安全系數(shù) safety factor;factor of safety 安全載荷 safe load 凹面、凹度 concavity 扳手 wrench 板簧 flat leaf spring 半圓鍵 woodruff key 變形 deformation 擺桿 oscillating bar 擺動(dòng)從動(dòng)件 oscillating follower 擺動(dòng)從動(dòng)件凸輪機(jī)構(gòu) cam with oscillating follower 擺動(dòng)導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu) oscillating guide-bar mechanism 擺線齒輪 cycloidal gear 擺線齒形 cycloidal tooth profile 擺線運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律 cycloidal motion 擺線針輪 cycloidal-pin wheel 包角 angle of contact

保持架 cage 背對(duì)背安裝 back-to-back arrangement 背錐 back cone ； normal cone 背錐角 back angle 背錐距 back cone distance 比例尺 scale 比熱容 specific heat capacity 閉式鏈 closed kinematic chain 閉鏈機(jī)構(gòu) closed chain mechanism 臂部 arm 變頻器 frequency converters 變頻調(diào)速 frequency control of motor speed 變速 speed change 變速齒輪 change gear change wheel 變位齒輪 modified gear 變位系數(shù) modification coefficient 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)齒輪 standard gear 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)直齒輪 standard spur gear 表面質(zhì)量系數(shù) superficial mass factor 表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù) surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness 并聯(lián)式組合 combination in parallel

并聯(lián)機(jī)構(gòu) parallel mechanism 并聯(lián)組合機(jī)構(gòu) parallel combined mechanism 并行工程 concurrent engineering 并行設(shè)計(jì) concurred design, CD 不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance 不平衡 imbalance(or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance 不完全齒輪機(jī)構(gòu) intermittent gearing 波發(fā)生器 wave generator 波數(shù) number of waves 補(bǔ)償 compensation 參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì) parameterization design, PD 殘余應(yīng)力 residual stress 操縱及控制裝置 operation control device 槽輪 Geneva wheel 槽輪機(jī)構(gòu) Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross 槽數(shù) Geneva numerate 槽凸輪 groove cam 側(cè)隙 backlash 差動(dòng)輪系 differential gear train 差動(dòng)螺旋機(jī)構(gòu) differential screw mechanism 差速器 differential

常用機(jī)構(gòu) conventional mechanism;mechanism in common use 車床 lathe 承載量系數(shù) bearing capacity factor 承載能力 bearing capacity 成對(duì)安裝 paired mounting 尺寸系列 dimension series 齒槽 tooth space 齒槽寬 spacewidth 齒側(cè)間隙 backlash 齒頂高 addendum 齒頂圓 addendum circle 齒根高 dedendum 齒根圓 dedendum circle 齒厚 tooth thickness 齒距 circular pitch 齒寬 face width 齒廓 tooth profile 齒廓曲線 tooth curve 齒輪 gear 齒輪變速箱 speed-changing gear boxes 齒輪齒條機(jī)構(gòu) pinion and rack 齒輪插刀 pinion cutter;pinion-shaped shaper cutter

齒輪滾刀 hob ,hobbing cutter 齒輪機(jī)構(gòu) gear 齒輪輪坯 blank 齒輪傳動(dòng)系 pinion unit 齒輪聯(lián)軸器 gear coupling 齒條傳動(dòng) rack gear 齒數(shù) tooth number 齒數(shù)比 gear ratio 齒條 rack 齒條插刀 rack cutter;rack-shaped shaper cutter 齒形鏈、無聲鏈 silent chain 齒形系數(shù) form factor 齒式棘輪機(jī)構(gòu) tooth ratchet mechanism 插齒機(jī) gear shaper 重合點(diǎn) coincident points 重合度 contact ratio 沖床 punch 傳動(dòng)比 transmission ratio, speed ratio 傳動(dòng)裝置 gearing;transmission gear 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) driven system 傳動(dòng)角 transmission angle 傳動(dòng)軸 transmission shaft

串聯(lián)式組合 combination in series 串聯(lián)式組合機(jī)構(gòu) series combined mechanism 串級(jí)調(diào)速 cascade speed control 創(chuàng)新 innovation creation 創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì) creation design 垂直載荷、法向載荷 normal load 唇形橡膠密封 lip rubber seal 磁流體軸承 magnetic fluid bearing 從動(dòng)帶輪 driven pulley 從動(dòng)件 driven link, follower 從動(dòng)件平底寬度 width of flat-face 從動(dòng)件停歇 follower dwell 從動(dòng)件運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律 follower motion 從動(dòng)輪 driven gear 粗線 bold line 粗牙螺紋 coarse thread 大齒輪 gear wheel 打包機(jī) packer 打滑 slipping 帶傳動(dòng) belt driving 帶輪 belt pulley 帶式制動(dòng)器 band brake

單列軸承 single row bearing 單向推力軸承 single-direction thrust bearing 單萬向聯(lián)軸節(jié) single universal joint 單位矢量 unit vector 當(dāng)量齒輪 equivalent spur gear;virtual gear 當(dāng)量齒數(shù) equivalent teeth number;virtual number of teeth 當(dāng)量摩擦系數(shù) equivalent coefficient of friction 當(dāng)量載荷 equivalent load 刀具 cutter 導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative 倒角 chamfer 導(dǎo)熱性 conduction of heat 導(dǎo)程 lead 導(dǎo)程角 lead angle 等加等減速運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律 parabolic motion;constant acceleration and deceleration motion 等速運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律 uniform motion;constant velocity motion 等徑凸輪 conjugate yoke radial cam 等寬凸輪 constant-breadth cam 等效構(gòu)件 equivalent link 等效力 equivalent force 等效力矩 equivalent moment of force

等效量 equivalent 等效質(zhì)量 equivalent mass 等效轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量 equivalent moment of inertia 等效動(dòng)力學(xué)模型 dynamically equivalent model 底座 chassis 低副 lower pair 點(diǎn)劃線 chain dotted line（疲勞）點(diǎn)蝕 pitting 墊圈 gasket 墊片密封 gasket seal 碟形彈簧 belleville spring 頂隙 bottom clearance 定軸輪系 ordinary gear train;gear train with fixed axes 動(dòng)力學(xué) dynamics 動(dòng)密封 kinematical seal 動(dòng)能 dynamic energy 動(dòng)力粘度 dynamic viscosity 動(dòng)力潤(rùn)滑 dynamic lubrication 動(dòng)平衡 dynamic balance 動(dòng)平衡機(jī) dynamic balancing machine 動(dòng)態(tài)特性 dynamic characteristics 動(dòng)態(tài)分析設(shè)計(jì) dynamic analysis design

動(dòng)壓力 dynamic reaction 動(dòng)載荷 dynamic load 端面 transverse plane 端面參數(shù) transverse parameters 端面齒距 transverse circular pitch 端面齒廓 transverse tooth profile 端面重合度 transverse contact ratio 端面模數(shù) transverse module 端面壓力角 transverse pressure angle 鍛造 forge 對(duì)稱循環(huán)應(yīng)力 symmetry circulating stress 對(duì)心滾子從動(dòng)件 radial(or in-line)roller follower 對(duì)心直動(dòng)從動(dòng)件 radial(or in-line)translating follower 對(duì)心移動(dòng)從動(dòng)件 radial reciprocating follower 對(duì)心曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu) in-line slider-crank(or crank-slider)mechanism 多列軸承 multi-row bearing 多楔帶 poly V-belt 多項(xiàng)式運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律 polynomial motion 多質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)子 rotor with several masses 惰輪 idle gear 額定壽命 rating life

額定載荷 load rating II 級(jí)桿組 dyad 發(fā)生線 generating line 發(fā)生面 generating plane 法面 normal plane 法面參數(shù) normal parameters 法面齒距 normal circular pitch 法面模數(shù) normal module 法面壓力角 normal pressure angle 法向齒距 normal pitch 法向齒廓 normal tooth profile 法向直廓蝸桿 straight sided normal worm 法向力 normal force 反饋式組合 feedback combining 反向運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué) inverse(or backward)kinematics 反轉(zhuǎn)法 kinematic inversion 反正切 Arctan 范成法 generating cutting 仿形法 form cutting 方案設(shè)計(jì)、概念設(shè)計(jì) concept design, CD 防振裝置 shockproof device 飛輪 flywheel

飛輪矩 moment of flywheel 非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)齒輪 nonstandard gear 非接觸式密封 non-contact seal 非周期性速度波動(dòng) aperiodic speed fluctuation 非圓齒輪 non-circular gear 粉末合金 powder metallurgy 分度線 reference line;standard pitch line 分度圓 reference circle;standard(cutting)pitch circle 分度圓柱導(dǎo)程角 lead angle at reference cylinder 分度圓柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder 分母 denominator 分子 numerator 分度圓錐 reference cone;standard pitch cone 分析法 analytical method 封閉差動(dòng)輪系 planetary differential 復(fù)合鉸鏈 compound hinge 復(fù)合式組合 compound combining 復(fù)合輪系 compound(or combined)gear train 復(fù)合平帶 compound flat belt 復(fù)合應(yīng)力 combined stress 復(fù)式螺旋機(jī)構(gòu) Compound screw mechanism 復(fù)雜機(jī)構(gòu) complex mechanism

桿組 Assur group 干涉 interference 剛度系數(shù) stiffness coefficient 剛輪 rigid circular spline 鋼絲軟軸 wire soft shaft 剛體導(dǎo)引機(jī)構(gòu) body guidance mechanism 剛性沖擊 rigid impulse(shock)剛性轉(zhuǎn)子 rigid rotor 剛性軸承 rigid bearing 剛性聯(lián)軸器 rigid coupling 高度系列 height series 高速帶 high speed belt 高副 higher pair 格拉曉夫定理 Grashoff`s law 根切 undercutting 公稱直徑 nominal diameter 高度系列 height series 功 work 工況系數(shù) application factor 工藝設(shè)計(jì) technological design 工作循環(huán)圖 working cycle diagram 工作機(jī)構(gòu) operation mechanism

工作載荷 external loads 工作空間 working space 工作應(yīng)力 working stress 工作阻力 effective resistance 工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment 公法線 common normal line 公共約束 general constraint 公制齒輪 metric gears 功率 power 功能分析設(shè)計(jì) function analyses design 共軛齒廓 conjugate profiles 共軛凸輪 conjugate cam 構(gòu)件 link 鼓風(fēng)機(jī) blower 固定構(gòu)件 fixed link;frame 固體潤(rùn)滑劑 solid lubricant 關(guān)節(jié)型操作器 jointed manipulator 慣性力 inertia force 慣性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment 慣性力平衡 balance of shaking force 慣性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force 慣性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force

慣性主矩 resultant moment of inertia 慣性主失 resultant vector of inertia 冠輪 crown gear 廣義機(jī)構(gòu) generation mechanism 廣義坐標(biāo) generalized coordinate 軌跡生成 path generation 軌跡發(fā)生器 path generator 滾刀 hob 滾道 raceway 滾動(dòng)體 rolling element 滾動(dòng)軸承 rolling bearing 滾動(dòng)軸承代號(hào) rolling bearing identification code 滾針 needle roller 滾針軸承 needle roller bearing 滾子 roller 滾子軸承 roller bearing 滾子半徑 radius of roller 滾子從動(dòng)件 roller follower 滾子鏈 roller chain 滾子鏈聯(lián)軸器 double roller chain coupling 滾珠絲桿 ball screw 滾柱式單向超越離合器 roller clutch

過度切割 undercutting 函數(shù)發(fā)生器 function generator 函數(shù)生成 function generation 含油軸承 oil bearing 耗油量 oil consumption 耗油量系數(shù) oil consumption factor 赫茲公式 H.Hertz equation 合成彎矩 resultant bending moment 合力 resultant force 合力矩 resultant moment of force 黑箱 black box 橫坐標(biāo) abscissa 互換性齒輪 interchangeable gears 花鍵 spline 滑鍵、導(dǎo)鍵 feather key 滑動(dòng)軸承 sliding bearing 滑動(dòng)率 sliding ratio 滑塊 slider 環(huán)面蝸桿 toroid helicoids worm 環(huán)形彈簧 annular spring 緩沖裝置 shocks;shock-absorber 灰鑄鐵 grey cast iron

回程 return 回轉(zhuǎn)體平衡 balance of rotors 混合輪系 compound gear train 積分 integrate 機(jī)電一體化系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) mechanical-electrical integration system design 機(jī)構(gòu) mechanism 機(jī)構(gòu)分析 analysis of mechanism 機(jī)構(gòu)平衡 balance of mechanism 機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué) mechanism 機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) kinematic design of mechanism 機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖 kinematic sketch of mechanism 機(jī)構(gòu)綜合 synthesis of mechanism 機(jī)構(gòu)組成 constitution of mechanism 機(jī)架 frame, fixed link 機(jī)架變換 kinematic inversion 機(jī)器 machine 機(jī)器人 robot 機(jī)器人操作器 manipulator 機(jī)器人學(xué) robotics 技術(shù)過程 technique process 技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià) technical and economic evaluation

技術(shù)系統(tǒng) technique system 機(jī)械 machinery 機(jī)械創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì) mechanical creation design, MCD 機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) mechanical system design, MSD 機(jī)械動(dòng)力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery 機(jī)械動(dòng)力設(shè)計(jì) dynamic design of machinery 機(jī)械動(dòng)力學(xué) dynamics of machinery 機(jī)械的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì) modern machine design 機(jī)械系統(tǒng) mechanical system 機(jī)械利益 mechanical advantage 機(jī)械平衡 balance of machinery 機(jī)械手 manipulator 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì) machine design;mechanical design 機(jī)械特性 mechanical behavior 機(jī)械調(diào)速 mechanical speed governors 機(jī)械效率 mechanical efficiency 機(jī)械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms 機(jī)械運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不均勻系數(shù) coefficient of speed fluctuation 機(jī)械無級(jí)變速 mechanical stepless speed changes 基礎(chǔ)機(jī)構(gòu) fundamental mechanism 基本額定壽命 basic rating life 基于實(shí)例設(shè)計(jì) case-based design,CBD

基圓 base circle 基圓半徑 radius of base circle 基圓齒距 base pitch 基圓壓力角 pressure angle of base circle 基圓柱 base cylinder 基圓錐 base cone 急回機(jī)構(gòu) quick-return mechanism 急回特性 quick-return characteristics 急回系數(shù) advance-to return-time ratio 急回運(yùn)動(dòng) quick-return motion 棘輪 ratchet 棘輪機(jī)構(gòu) ratchet mechanism 棘爪 pawl 極限位置 extreme(or limiting)position 極位夾角 crank angle between extreme(or limiting)positions 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì) computer aided design, CAD 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM 計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng) computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS 計(jì)算力矩 factored moment;calculation moment 計(jì)算彎矩 calculated bending moment 加權(quán)系數(shù) weighting efficient

加速度 acceleration 加速度分析 acceleration analysis 加速度曲線 acceleration diagram 尖點(diǎn) pointing;cusp 尖底從動(dòng)件 knife-edge follower 間隙 backlash 間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) intermittent motion mechanism 減速比 reduction ratio 減速齒輪、減速裝置 reduction gear 減速器 speed reducer 減摩性 anti-friction quality 漸開螺旋面 involute helicoid 漸開線 involute 漸開線齒廓 involute profile 漸開線齒輪 involute gear 漸開線發(fā)生線 generating line of involute 漸開線方程 involute equation 漸開線函數(shù) involute function 漸開線蝸桿 involute worm 漸開線壓力角 pressure angle of involute 漸開線花鍵 involute spline 簡(jiǎn)諧運(yùn)動(dòng) simple harmonic motion

鍵 key 鍵槽 keyway 交變應(yīng)力 repeated stress 交變載荷 repeated fluctuating load 交叉帶傳動(dòng) cross-belt drive 交錯(cuò)軸斜齒輪 crossed helical gears 膠合 scoring 角加速度 angular acceleration 角速度 angular velocity 角速比 angular velocity ratio 角接觸球軸承 angular contact ball bearing 角接觸推力軸承 angular contact thrust bearing 角接觸向心軸承 angular contact radial bearing 角接觸軸承 angular contact bearing 鉸鏈、樞紐 hinge 校正平面 correcting plane 接觸應(yīng)力 contact stress 接觸式密封 contact seal 階梯軸 multi-diameter shaft 結(jié)構(gòu) structure 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) structural design 截面 section

節(jié)點(diǎn) pitch point 節(jié)距 circular pitch;pitch of teeth 節(jié)線 pitch line 節(jié)圓 pitch circle 節(jié)圓齒厚 thickness on pitch circle 節(jié)圓直徑 pitch diameter 節(jié)圓錐 pitch cone 節(jié)圓錐角 pitch cone angle 解析設(shè)計(jì) analytical design 緊邊 tight-side 緊固件 fastener 徑節(jié) diametral pitch 徑向 radial direction 徑向當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷 dynamic equivalent radial load 徑向當(dāng)量靜載荷 static equivalent radial load 徑向基本額定動(dòng)載荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 徑向基本額定靜載荷 basic static radial load tating 徑向接觸軸承 radial contact bearing 徑向平面 radial plane 徑向游隙 radial internal clearance 徑向載荷 radial load 徑向載荷系數(shù) radial load factor

徑向間隙 clearance 靜力 static force 靜平衡 static balance 靜載荷 static load 靜密封 static seal 局部自由度 passive degree of freedom 矩陣 matrix 矩形螺紋 square threaded form 鋸齒形螺紋 buttress thread form 矩形牙嵌式離合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 絕對(duì)尺寸系數(shù) absolute dimensional factor 絕對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng) absolute motion 絕對(duì)速度 absolute velocity 均衡裝置 load balancing mechanism 抗壓強(qiáng)度 compression strength 開口傳動(dòng) open-belt drive 開式鏈 open kinematic chain 開鏈機(jī)構(gòu) open chain mechanism 可靠度 degree of reliability 可靠性 reliability 可靠性設(shè)計(jì) reliability design, RD 空氣彈簧 air spring

空間機(jī)構(gòu) spatial mechanism 空間連桿機(jī)構(gòu) spatial linkage 空間凸輪機(jī)構(gòu) spatial cam 空間運(yùn)動(dòng)副 spatial kinematic pair 空間運(yùn)動(dòng)鏈 spatial kinematic chain 空轉(zhuǎn) idle 寬度系列 width series 框圖 block diagram 雷諾方程 Reynolds‘s equation 離心力 centrifugal force 離心應(yīng)力 centrifugal stress 離合器 clutch 離心密封 centrifugal seal 理論廓線 pitch curve 理論嚙合線 theoretical line of action 隸屬度 membership 力 force 力多邊形 force polygon 力封閉型凸輪機(jī)構(gòu) force-drive(or force-closed)cam mechanism 力矩 moment 力平衡 equilibrium 力偶 couple

力偶矩 moment of couple 連桿 connecting rod, coupler 連桿機(jī)構(gòu) linkage 連桿曲線 coupler-curve 連心線 line of centers 鏈 chain 鏈傳動(dòng)裝置 chain gearing 鏈輪 sprocket sprocket-wheel sprocket gear chain wheel 聯(lián)組 V 帶 tight-up V belt 聯(lián)軸器 coupling shaft coupling 兩維凸輪 two-dimensional cam 臨界轉(zhuǎn)速 critical speed 六桿機(jī)構(gòu) six-bar linkage 龍門刨床 double Haas planer 輪坯 blank 輪系 gear train 螺桿 screw 螺距 thread pitch 螺母 screw nut 螺旋錐齒輪 helical bevel gear 螺釘 screws 螺栓 bolts

第二篇：機(jī)械英文翻譯

Cutting tool design Physics of metal-cutting provide the theoretical framework by which we must examine all other elements of cutting tool design.We have workpiece materials from a very soft, buttery consistency to very hard and shear resistant.Each of the workpiece materials must be handled by itself;the amount of broad information that is applicable to each workpiece material is reduced as the distinctions between workpiece characteristics increase.Not only is there a vast diversity of workpiece materials, but there is also a variety of shapes of tools and tool compositions.The tool designer must match the many variables to provide the best possible cutting geometry.There was a day when trial and error was normal for this decision, but today, with the ever-increasing variety of tools, trial and error is far too expensive.The designer must develop expertise in applying date and making comparisons on the basis of the experience of others.For example: tool manufactures and material salesmen will have figures their companies have developed.The figures are meant to be guidelines;however, a careful examination of the literature available will provide an excellent place from which to start, and be must cheaper than trial and error.Material removal by machining involves interaction of five elements: the cutting tool, the toolholding and guiding device, the workholder, the workpiece, and the machine.The cutting tool may have a single cutting edge or may have many cutting edges.It may be designed for linear or rotary motion.The geometry of the cutting tool depends upon its intended function.The toolholding device may or may not be used for guiding or locating.Toolholder selection is governed by tool design and intended function.The physical composition of the workpiece greatly influences the selection of the machining method, the tool composition and geometry, the rate of material removal.The intended shape of the workpiece influences the selection of the machining method and the choice of linear or rotary tool travel.The composition and geometry of the workpiece to a great extent determines the workholder requirements.Workholder selection also depends upon forces produced by the tool on the workpiece.Tool guidance may be incorporated into the workholding function.Successful design of tools for the material removal processes requires, above all, a complete understanding of cutting tool function and geometry.This knowledge will enable the designer to specify the correct tool for a given task.The tool, in turn, will govern the selection of toolholding and guidance methods.Tool forces govern selection of the workholding device.Although the process involves interaction of the five elements, everything begins with and is based on what happens at the point of contact between the workpiece and cutting tool.The primary method of imparting form and dimension to a workpiece is the removal of material by the use of edged cutting tools.An oversize mass is literally carved to its intended shape.The removal of material from a workpiece is termed generation of form by machining, or simply machining.Form and dimension may also be achieved by a number of alternative processes such as hot or cold extrusion, sand casting, die casting, and precision casting.Sheet metal can be formed or drawn by the application of pressure.In addition to machining, metal removal can be accomplished by chemical or electrical methods.A great variety of workpiece may be produced without resorting to a machining operation.Economic considerations, however, usually dictate form generation by machining either as the complete process or in conjunction with another process.Cutting tools are designed with sharp edges to minimize rubbing contact between the tool and workpiece.Variations in the shapes of the cutting tool influence tool life, surface finish of the workpiece, and the amount of force required to shear a chip from the parent metal.The various angles on a tool compose what is often termed tool geometry.The tool signature or nomenclature is a sequence of alpha and numeric characters representing the various angles, signification dimensions, special features, and the size of the nose radius.This method of identification has been standardized by the American National Standards Institute for carbide and for high speed steel.

第三篇：物流(航運(yùn))專業(yè)術(shù)語英文翻譯

Gross Registered Tonnage(GRT)注冊(cè)(容積)總噸 Net Registered Tonnage(NRT)注冊(cè)(容積)凈噸 Deadweight Tonnage(All Told)(DWT or D.W.A.T)總載重噸位(量)Gross Dead Weight Tonnage 總載重噸位 Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage(DWCT)凈載重噸 Light Displacement 輕排水量

Load(Loaded)Displacement 滿載排水量 Actual Displacement 實(shí)際排水量 Over weight surcharge 超重附加費(fèi)

Bunker Adjustment Factor(Surcharge)(BAS or BS)燃油附加費(fèi)

Port Surcharge 港口附加費(fèi)

Port Congestion Surcharge 港口擁擠附加費(fèi) Currency Adjustment Factor(CAF)貨幣貶值附加費(fèi)

Deviation surcharge 繞航附加費(fèi) Direct Additional 直航附加費(fèi)

Additional for Optional Destination 選卸港附加費(fèi) Additional for Alteration of Destination 變更卸貨港附加費(fèi)

Fumigation Charge 熏蒸費(fèi) Bill of Lading 提單

On Board(Shipped)B/L 已裝船提單

Received for shipment B/L 備運(yùn)(收妥待運(yùn))提單 Named B/L 記名提單 Bearer B/L 不記名提單 Order B/L 指示提單

Blank Endorsement 空白備書 Clean B/L 清潔提單

In apparent good order and condition 外表狀況良好

Unclean(Foul, Dirty)B/L 不清潔提單 Direct B/L 直航提單 Transshipment B/L 轉(zhuǎn)船提單 Through B/L 聯(lián)運(yùn)提單

Multi-modal(Inter-modal, combined)transport B/L 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單 Long Form B/L 全式提單 Short Form B/L 簡(jiǎn)式提單 Anti-dated B/L 倒簽提單 Advanced B/L 預(yù)借提單 Stale B/L 過期提單 On Deck B/L 甲板貨提單

Newbuilding 新船

Nippon kaiji kyokai(NKK)日本船級(jí)社

No cure no pay 無效果無報(bào)酬

Not otherwise enumerated(N.O.E.)不另列舉

Nominate a ship 指定船舶進(jìn)行航行

To be nominated(TBN)指定船舶

Non-conference line(Independent line ,Outsider)非公會(huì)成員的航運(yùn)公司

Non-delivery 未交貨

Non-negotiable bill of lading 不可流通的提單

Non-reversible laytime 不可調(diào)配使用的裝卸時(shí)間

Non-vessel owning(operating)common carrier(NVOCC)無船承運(yùn)人

Not always afloat but safe aground 不保持浮泊但安全擱淺

Note protest 作海事聲明

Notice of redelivery 還船通知書

Notify party 通知方

Ocean(Liner, Sea)waybill 海運(yùn)單

Off hire 停租

Oil tanker 油輪

On-carriage 貨運(yùn)中轉(zhuǎn)

On-carrier 接運(yùn)承運(yùn)人

One-way pallet 單邊槽貨盤

Open hatch bulk carrier 敞艙口散貨船

Open rate 優(yōu)惠費(fèi)率

Open rated cargo 優(yōu)惠費(fèi)率貨物

Open side container 側(cè)開式集裝箱

Open top container 開頂集裝箱

Operate a ship 經(jīng)營(yíng)船舶

Optional cargo 選港貨物

Ore/bulk/oil carrier 礦石/散貨/油輪

Out of gauge 超標(biāo)(貨物)Outport 小港

Outturn 卸貨

Outturn report 卸貨報(bào)告

Outward 進(jìn)港的

Overheight cargo 超重貨物

Overlanded cargo or overlanding 溢卸貨

Overload 超載

Overstow 堆碼

Overtime(O/T)加班時(shí)間

Overtonnaging 噸位過剩

Owner′s agents 船東代理人 Charter Party B/L 租約項(xiàng)下提單 House B/L 運(yùn)輸代理行提單 Seaworthiness 船舶適航

Charter Party(C/P)租船合同(租約)Voyage charter party 航次租船合同 Time Charter Party 定期租船合同

Bareboat(demise)Charter Party 光船租船合同 Common carrier 公共承運(yùn)人 Private carrier 私人承運(yùn)人 Single trip C/P 單航次租船合同

Consecutive single trip C/P 連續(xù)單航次租船合同 Return trip C/P 往返航次租船合同 Contract of Affreightment(COA)包運(yùn)合同 Voyage Charter Party on Time Basis 航次期租合同F(xiàn)ixture Note 租船確認(rèn)書 Free In(FI)船方不負(fù)責(zé)裝費(fèi) Free Out(FO)船方不負(fù)責(zé)卸費(fèi)

Free In and Out(FIO)船方不負(fù)責(zé)裝卸費(fèi) Free In and Out，Stowed and Trimmed(FIOST)船方不負(fù)責(zé)裝卸、理艙和平艙費(fèi)

Declaration of ship′s Deadweight Tonnage of Cargo 宣載通知書

Dunnage and separations 墊艙和隔艙物料 Lump-sum freight 整船包價(jià)運(yùn)費(fèi)

Weather working days(W.W.D)良好天氣工作日 Notice of Readiness(NOR)船舶準(zhǔn)備就緒通知書 Idle formality 例行手續(xù)

Laytime statement 裝卸時(shí)間計(jì)算表 Damage for Detention 延期損失

Customary Quick Despatch(CQD)習(xí)慣快速裝運(yùn) International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code(IMDG)國(guó)際海上危險(xiǎn)品貨物規(guī)則(國(guó)際危規(guī))Booking Note 托運(yùn)單(定艙委托書)Shipping Order(S/O)裝貨單(下貨紙)Mate′s Receipt 收貨單 Loading List 裝貨清單

Cargo Manifest 載貨清單(貨物艙單)Stowage Plan 貨物積載計(jì)劃 Dangerous Cargo List 危險(xiǎn)品清單 Stowage Factor 積載因素(系數(shù))Inward cargo 進(jìn)港貨 Outward cargo 出港貨

Container yard(CY)集裝箱堆場(chǎng)

Container Freight Station(CFS)集裝箱貨運(yùn)站

Package limitation 單位(賠償)責(zé)任限制

Packing list 裝箱單

Pallet 托(貨)盤

Pallet truck 托盤車

Palletized 托盤化的Panamax 巴拿馬型船

Parcel 一包，一票貨

Performance claim 性能索賠

Perishable goods 易腐貨物

Permanent dunnage 固定墊艙物

Per freight ton(P.F.T.)每運(yùn)費(fèi)噸

Phosphoric acid carrier 磷酸船

Piece weight 單重

Pier 突碼頭

Pier to pier 碼頭至碼頭運(yùn)輸

Piggy –back 馱背運(yùn)輸

Pilferage 偷竊

Pilot 引航員

Pilotage 引航

Pilotage dues 引航費(fèi)

Platform平臺(tái)

Platform flat平臺(tái)式集裝箱

Pooling(班輪公司間分?jǐn)傌浳锘蜻\(yùn)費(fèi))分?jǐn)傊?/p>

Port 港口，船的左舷

Port of refuge 避難港

Portable unloader 便攜式卸貨機(jī)

Post fixture 訂約后期工作

Post-entry 追補(bǔ)報(bào)關(guān)單

Preamble(租船合同)前言

Pre-entry 預(yù)報(bào)單

Pre-shipment charges 運(yùn)輸前費(fèi)用

Pre-stow 預(yù)定積載

Private form 自用式租船合同

Pro forma charter-party 租約格式

Produce carrier 側(cè)開式集裝箱

Product(products)carrier 液體貨運(yùn)輸船

Promotional rate 促銷費(fèi)率

Prospects 預(yù)期

Protecting(protective, supervisory)agent 船東利益保護(hù)人

Protection and indemnity club(association)(P.& I.Club ,Pandi club)船東保賠協(xié)會(huì)

Protective clauses 保護(hù)性條款

Protest 海事聲明

Container Load Plan 集裝箱裝箱單 Conventional Container Ship 集裝箱兩用船 Semi-container Ship 半集裝箱船 Full Container Ship 全集裝箱船 Full Container Load(FCL)整箱貨 Less Container Load(LCL)拼箱貨 Delivery Order(D/O)提貨單(小提單)Dock receipt 場(chǎng)站收據(jù)

Twenty equivalent unit(TEU)二十尺集裝箱換算單位

Equipment Interchange Receipt(EIR)集裝箱設(shè)備交接單

Demurrage 滯期費(fèi) Crew List 船員名冊(cè) Log book 航行日志 Liner transport 班輪運(yùn)輸

Tramp transport 不定期(租船)運(yùn)輸 Minimum Freight 工 最低運(yùn)費(fèi) Maximum Freight 最高運(yùn)費(fèi)

Accomplish a Bill of Lading(to)付單提貨 Ad valorem freight 從價(jià)運(yùn)費(fèi)

Address commission(Addcomm)回扣傭金 Adjustment 海損理算 Average adjuster 海損理算師 Average bond 海損分?jǐn)倱?dān)保書 Average guarantee 海損擔(dān)保書 Act of God 天災(zāi) All in rate 總運(yùn)費(fèi)率 Annual survey 檢驗(yàn) All purposes(A.P)全部裝卸時(shí)間 All time saved(a.t.s)節(jié)省的全部時(shí)間 Always afloat 始終保持浮泊 Anchorage 錨地 Anchorage dues 錨泊費(fèi) Arbitration award 仲裁裁決 Arbitrator 仲裁員 Arrest a ship 扣押船舶 Area differential 地區(qū)差價(jià)

Addendum(to a charter party)(租船合同)附件 Apron 碼頭前沿

Bale or bale capacity 貨艙包裝容積 Back(return)load 回程貨 Back to back charter 轉(zhuǎn)租合同 Backfreight 回程運(yùn)費(fèi)

Pumpman 泵工

Purchase(吊桿)滑車組

Quarter ramp 船尾跳板

Quarter-deck 后甲板

Quay 碼頭

Quote 報(bào)價(jià)

Ramp 跳板

Ramp/hatch cover(跳板)艙口蓋

Rate 費(fèi)率 Rate of demurrage 滯期費(fèi)率

Rate of discharge(discharging)卸貨率

Rate of freight 運(yùn)費(fèi)率

Rate of loading 裝貨

Receiving dates 收貨期間

Recharter 轉(zhuǎn)租

Recovery agent 追償代理

Redelivery(redly)還船

Redelivery certificate 還船證書

Refrigerated(reefer)container 冷藏集裝箱

Refrigerated(reefer)ship 冷藏船

Register 登記，報(bào)到

Register(registered)tonnage 登記噸位

Registration 登記，報(bào)到

Registro Italiano Navale(R.I.)意大利船級(jí)社

Release a bill of lading 交提單

Release cargo 放貨

Remaining on board(R.O.B.)船上所有

Removable deck 活動(dòng)甲板

Reporting point(calling-in-point)報(bào)告點(diǎn)

Reposition containers 調(diào)配集裝箱

Respondentia loan 船貨抵押貸款

Return cargo 回程貨

Return load 回程裝載

Reversible laytime 可調(diào)配的裝卸時(shí)間

Roads(roadstead)港外錨地

Rolling cargo 滾裝貨物

Rolling hatch cover 滾動(dòng)艙單

Roll-on roll-off(Ro-ro)滾上滾下

Roll-on roll-off ship 滾裝船

Rotation 港序

Round voyage 往返航次

Round the world(service)(R.T.W.)全球性服務(wù)Run aground 擱淺

Running days 連續(xù)日

Safe aground 安全擱淺

Ballast(to)空載行駛 Barge 駁船 Barratry 船員不軌 Barrel handler 桶抓 Base cargo(1)墊底貨 Base cargo(2)起運(yùn)貨量 Bundle(Bd)捆(包裝單位)Beam 船寬

Bearer(of a B/L)提單持有人 Both ends(Bends)裝卸兩港 Boatman 纜工 Buoy 浮標(biāo)

Bunker escalation clause 燃料漲價(jià)條款 Derrick 吊桿 Fork-lift truck 鏟車

Boom of a fork-lift truck 鏟車臂

Both to blame collision clause 互有過失碰撞條款 Book space 洽訂艙位 Bottom 船體

Bottom stow cargo 艙底貨 Bottomry loan 船舶抵押貸款 Breakbulk 零擔(dān)

Breakbulk cargo 零擔(dān)貨物 Broken stowage 虧艙 Brokerage 經(jīng)紀(jì)人傭金 Bulk cargo 散裝貨 Bulk carrier 散貨船 Bulk container 散貨集裝箱

American Bureau of Shipping(A.B.S.)美國(guó)船級(jí)社Bureau Veritas(B.V.)法國(guó)船級(jí)社 Cabotage 沿海運(yùn)輸

Canal transit dues 運(yùn)河通行稅 Capsize vessel 超寬型船 Captain 船長(zhǎng)

Car carrier 汽車運(yùn)輸船 Car container 汽車集裝箱 Cargo hook 貨鉤 Cargo sharing 貨載份額

Cargo superintendent 貨物配載主管 Cargo tank 貨箱

Cargo tracer 短少貨物查詢單 Cargoworthiness 適貨 Carryings 運(yùn)輸量

Certificate of seaworthiness 適航證書

Safe berth(s.b)安全泊位

Safe port(S.P)安全港口

Safe working load 安全工作負(fù)荷

Safety radio-telegraphy certificate 無線電報(bào)設(shè)備安全證書

Said to contain(s.t.c.)(提單術(shù)語)內(nèi)貨據(jù)稱

Sail 航行,離港

Sailing schedule(card)船期表

Salvage charges 救助費(fèi)

Salvage agreement 救助協(xié)議

Salve 救助

Salvor 救助人

Saturdays,Sundays and holidays excepted(S.S.H.E.X.)星期

六、日與節(jié)假日除外

Saturdays,Sundays and holidays included(S.S.H.I.N.C)星期

六、日與節(jié)假日包括在內(nèi)

Scancon 斯堪人航次祖租船合同

Scanconbill 斯堪人航次祖租船合同提單

Scantlings 構(gòu)件尺寸

Special commodity quotation(SCQ)特種商品報(bào)價(jià)Scrap terminal 廢料場(chǎng)

Single deck ship(s.d.)單層甲板船

Sea waybill Seal

Secure(to)固定

Segregated ballast tank 分隔壓載水艙

Self-sustaining ship 自備起重機(jī)的集裝箱船

Self-trimming ship(self-trimmer)自動(dòng)平艙船

Self-unloader 自卸船

Semi-trailer 半脫車

Separation 隔票

Service contract 服務(wù)合同

Shears(shear-legs)人字(起重)架

Sheave 滑輪

Shelter-deck 遮蔽甲板船

Shift 工班

Shift(to)移泊，移位

Shifting charges 移泊費(fèi)

Shipbroker 船舶經(jīng)紀(jì)人

Shipping 航運(yùn)，船舶，裝運(yùn)

Shipping instructions 裝運(yùn)須知

Shipping line 航運(yùn)公司

Ship′s gear 船上起重設(shè)備

Ship′s rail 船舷

Cesser clause 責(zé)任終止條款 Chassis 集裝箱拖車 Claims adjuster 理賠人

Classification certificate 船級(jí)證書 Classification register 船級(jí)公告 Classification society 船級(jí)社 Classification survey 船級(jí)檢驗(yàn) Paramount clause 首要條款 Clean(petroleum)products 精練油 Clean the holds(to)清潔貨艙 Closing date 截至日 Closure of navigation 封航

Collapsible flattrack 折疊式板架集裝箱 Completely knocked down(CKD)全拆裝 Compulsory pilotage 強(qiáng)制引航 Conference 公會(huì) Congestion 擁擠

Congestion surcharge 擁擠費(fèi) Con-ro ship 集裝箱/滾裝兩用船 Consecutive voyages 連續(xù)航程 Consign 托運(yùn) Consignee 收貨人 Consignor 發(fā)貨人

Consignment 托運(yùn)；托運(yùn)的貨物 Consolidation(groupage)拼箱 Consortium 聯(lián)營(yíng) Constants 常數(shù)

Container barge 集裝箱駁船 Container leasing 集裝箱租賃 Containerization 集裝箱化

Containerised 已裝箱的，已集裝箱化的 Containership 集裝箱船

Contamination(of cargo)貨物污染 Contributory value 分?jǐn)們r(jià)值 Conveyor belt 傳送帶

Corner casting(fitting)集裝箱(角件)Corner post 集裝箱(角柱)Crane 起重機(jī)

Crawler mounted crane 履帶式(軌道式)起重機(jī) Custom of the port(COP)港口慣例 Customary assistance 慣常協(xié)助 Daily running cost 日常營(yíng)運(yùn)成本 Deadfreight 虧艙費(fèi)

Deadweight(weight)cargo 重量貨

Ship′s tackle 船用索具

Shipyard 造船廠

Shore 貨撐

Shore gear 岸上設(shè)備(岸吊)Short sea近海

Short shipment 短裝

Shortage 短少

Shortlanded cargo 短卸貨物

Shut out(to)短裝

Side door container 側(cè)門集裝箱

Side-loading trailer 側(cè)向裝卸拖車

Similar sbustitue(sim.sub.)相似替換船Single hatch ship 單艙船

Sister ship 姐妹船

Skid 墊木

Skip 吊貨盤

Sliding hatch cover 滑動(dòng)艙蓋

Sling 吊貨索(鏈)環(huán)，吊起

Slop tank 污水箱

Slops 污水

Slot 箱位

Special equipment 特殊設(shè)備

Specific gravity(s.g.)比重

Spiral elevator 螺旋式卸貨機(jī)

Spreader 橫撐(集裝箱吊具)Squat 船身下沉

Starboard(side)右舷

Statement of facts 事實(shí)記錄

Stem 船艏，裝期供貨

Stem a berth 預(yù)訂泊位

Stern 船尾

Stevedore 裝卸工人

Stevedor′s(docker’s,hand)hook 手鉤

Stevedoring charges 裝卸費(fèi)用

Stiff 穩(wěn)性過大

Stranding 擱淺

Strengthened hold 加固艙

Strike clause 罷工條款

Strike-bound 罷工阻礙

Strip(destuff)a container 卸集裝箱

Strip seal 封條

Stuff(to)裝集裝箱

Sub-charterer 轉(zhuǎn)租人

Sub-freight 轉(zhuǎn)租運(yùn)費(fèi)

Deadweight cargo(carrying)capacity 載貨量 Deaiweight scale 載重圖表 Deck cargo 甲板貨

Delivery of cargo(a ship)交貨(交船)Despatch or Despatch money 速遣費(fèi) Destuff 卸集裝箱

Det Norske Veritas(D.N.V.)挪威船級(jí)社 Deviation 繞航

Direct discharge(車船)直卸 Direct transshipment 直接轉(zhuǎn)船

Dirty(Black)(petroleum)products(D.P.P.)原油 Disbursements 港口開支 Discharging port 卸貨港 Disponent owner 二船東 Dock 船塢 Docker 碼頭工人 Door to door 門到門運(yùn)輸 Downtime(設(shè)備)故障時(shí)間 Draft(draught)吃水；水深 Draft limitation 吃水限制

Dropping outward pilot(D.O.P.)引航員下船時(shí) Dry cargo 干貨

Dry cargo(freight)container 干貨集裝箱 Dry dock 干船塢

Demurrage half despatch(D1/2D)速遣費(fèi)為滯期費(fèi)的一半

Efficient deck hand(E.D.H.)二級(jí)水手 Elevator 卸貨機(jī)

Enter a ship inwards(outwards)申請(qǐng)船舶進(jìn)港(出港)Entrepot 保稅貨

Equipment 設(shè)備(常指集裝箱)Equipment handover charge 設(shè)備使用費(fèi) 預(yù)計(jì)到達(dá)時(shí)間

Estimated time of completion(ETC)預(yù)計(jì)完成時(shí)間Estimated time of departure(ETD)預(yù)計(jì)離港時(shí)間 Estimated time of readiness(ETR)預(yù)計(jì)準(zhǔn)備就緒時(shí)間

Estimated time of sailing(ETS)預(yù)計(jì)航行時(shí)間 Europallet 歐式托盤

Even if used(E.I.U.)即使使用 Excepted period 除外期間 Exception 異議

Exceptions clause 免責(zé)條款

Subject(sub.)details 有待協(xié)商的細(xì)節(jié)

Subject free(open)待定條款

Subject(sub.)stem 裝期供貨待定

Subrogation 代位追償權(quán)

Substitue 替代船，替換

Substitution 換船

Suit time 起訴期

Summer draught 夏季吃水

Summer freeboard 夏季干舷

Support ship 輔助船

Tackle 索具(滑車)Tally 理貨

Tally clerk 理貨員

Tally sheet(book)理貨單

Tank car 槽車

Tank cleaning 油艙清洗

Tank container 液體集裝箱

Tank terminal(farm)油灌場(chǎng)

Tanker 油輪

Tariff 費(fèi)率表

Tarpaulin 油布

Tender 穩(wěn)性過小

Terminal chassis 場(chǎng)站拖車

Terminal handling charge 場(chǎng)站操作費(fèi)

Through rate 聯(lián)運(yùn)費(fèi)率

Tier limit(limitation)層數(shù)限制

Time bar 時(shí)效喪失

Time charter 期租

Time sheet 裝卸時(shí)間表

Tolerated outsider 特許非會(huì)員公司

Tomming(down)撐貨

Tones per centimeter(TPI)每厘米吃水噸數(shù)

Tones per day(TPD)每天裝卸噸數(shù)

Tones per inch(TPI)每英寸吃水噸數(shù)

Top stow cargo 堆頂貨

Total deadweight(TDW)總載重量

Tracer(貨物)查詢單

Tractor 牽引車

Trading limits 航行范圍

Trailer 拖車

Transfer(equipment handover)charge 設(shè)備租用費(fèi)

Transship(trans-ship)轉(zhuǎn)船

Transhipment(transshipment,trans-shipment)轉(zhuǎn)

Excess landing 溢卸 Expiry of laytime 裝卸欺瞞 Extend suit time 延長(zhǎng)訴訟時(shí)間 Extend a charter 延長(zhǎng)租期 Extension of a charter 租期延長(zhǎng) Extension to suit time 訴訟時(shí)間延長(zhǎng) Extreme breadth 最大寬度 Fairway 航道

Feeder service 支線運(yùn)輸服務(wù) Feeder ship 支線船 Ferry 渡輪

First class ship 一級(jí)船

Flag of convenience(FOC)方便旗船 Floating crane 浮吊 Floating dock 浮塢 Force majeure 不可抗力 Fork-lift truck 鏟車

Forty foot equivalent unit(FEU)四十英尺集裝箱換算單位

Four-way pallet 四邊開槽托盤 Freeboard 干

Freight all kinds(FAK)包干運(yùn)費(fèi)

Freight canvasser 攬貨員

Freight collect(freight payable at destination)運(yùn)費(fèi)到付

Freight prepaid 運(yùn)費(fèi)預(yù)付

Freight quotation 運(yùn)費(fèi)報(bào)價(jià)

Freight rate(rate of freight)運(yùn)費(fèi)率

Freight tariff 運(yùn)費(fèi)費(fèi)率表

Freight ton(FT)運(yùn)費(fèi)噸

Freight manifest 運(yùn)費(fèi)艙單

Freighter 貨船

Fresh water load line 淡水載重線

Fridays and holidays excepted(F.H.E.X.)星期五和節(jié)假日除外

Full and complete cargo 滿艙滿載貨

Full and down 滿艙滿載

Gantry crane 門式起重機(jī)(門吊)Gencon 金康航次租船合同

General average 共同海損

General average act 共同海損行為

General average contribution 共同海損分?jǐn)?/p>

General average sacrifice 共同海損犧牲

General cargo(generals)雜貨

船

Transit cargo 過境貨物

Transporter crane 軌道式起重機(jī)

Tray 貨盤

Trim平艙

Trim a ship 調(diào)整船舶吃水

Tug 拖輪

Turn round(around , or turnaround)time 船舶周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間

Turn time 等泊時(shí)間

Tween deck 二層甲板

Twin hatch vessel 雙艙口船

Two-way pallet 兩邊開槽托盤

Ultra large crude carrier(ULCC)超大型油輪

Uncontainerable(uncontainerisable)cargo 不適箱貨

Under deck shipment 貨艙運(yùn)輸

Unit load 成組運(yùn)輸

Unitisation 成組化

Universal bulk carrier(UBC)通用散裝貨船

Unload 卸貨

Unmoor 解攬

Unseaworthiness 不適航

Utilization 整箱貨

Valuation form 貨價(jià)單

Valuation scale 貨價(jià)表

Vehicle /train ferry 汽車/火車渡輪

Ventilated container 通風(fēng)集裝箱

Ventilation 通風(fēng)

Ventilator 通風(fēng)器

Vessel 船舶，船方

Vessel sharing agreement(V.S.A.)船舶共用協(xié)議

Void filler 填充物

Voyage account 航次報(bào)表

Voyage(trip)charter 航次租船

Waybill 貨運(yùn)單

Weather permitting(w.p)天氣允許

Weather working day 晴天工作日

Weather-bound 天氣阻撓

With effect from(w.e.f)自生效

Weight cargo 重量貨

Weight or measure(measurement)(W/M)重量/體積

Weight rated cargo 計(jì)重貨物 General purpose container 多用途集裝箱

Geographical rotation 地理順序

Germanischer Lloyd(G.L.)德國(guó)船級(jí)社

Greenwich Mean Time(G.M.T.)格林威治時(shí)間

Grabbing crane 抓斗起重機(jī)

Grain or grain capacity 散裝艙容

Gross weight(GW)毛重

Grounding 觸底

Gunny bag 麻袋

Gunny matting 麻墊

Hague Rules 海牙規(guī)則

Hague-Visby Rules 海牙維斯比規(guī)則

Hamburg Rules 漢堡規(guī)則

Hand hook 手鉤

Handymax 雜散貨船

Handy-sized bulker 小型散貨船

Harbour 海港

Harbour dues 港務(wù)費(fèi)

Hatch(hatch cover)艙蓋

Hatchway 艙口

Head charter(charter party)主租船合同

Head charterer 主租船人

Heavy lift 超重貨物

Heavy lift additional(surcharge)超重附加費(fèi)

Heavy lift derrick 重型吊桿

Heavy weather 惡劣天氣

Heavy fuel oil(H.F.O)重油

Hire statement 租金單

Hold 船艙

Home port 船籍港

Homogeneous cargo 同種貨物

Hook 吊鉤

Hopper 漏斗

House Bill of Lading 運(yùn)輸代理行提單

Hovercraft 氣墊船

Husbandry 維修

Inland container depot 內(nèi)陸集裝箱

Ice-breaker 破冰船

Identity of carrier clause 承運(yùn)人責(zé)任條款

Idle(船舶、設(shè)備)閑置

Immediate rebate 直接回扣

International Maritime Organization(IMO)國(guó)際海事組織

Import entry 進(jìn)口報(bào)關(guān)

Well 貨井，井區(qū)

Wharf 碼頭

Wharfage(charges)碼頭費(fèi)

When where ready on completion of discharge(w.w.r c.d.)何時(shí)何處還船

Whether in berth or not(w.i.b.o.n.)無論靠泊與否

Whether in free pratique or not(w.i.f.p.o.n.)無論是否通過檢驗(yàn)

Whether in port or not(w.i.p.o.n.)不論是否在港內(nèi)

White(clean, clean petroleum)products 精煉油

Wide laycan 長(zhǎng)銷約期

Workable(working)hatch 可工作艙口

Working day 工作日

Working day of 24 consecutive hours 連續(xù)24小時(shí)工作日

Working day of 24 hours 24小時(shí)工作日

Working time saved(w.t.s.)節(jié)省的裝卸時(shí)間

Yard(shipyard)造船廠

International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)國(guó)際民用航空組織

International Air Transport Association(IATA)國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)

Scheduled Airline 班機(jī)運(yùn)輸

Chartered Carrier 包機(jī)運(yùn)輸

Consolidation 集中托運(yùn)

Air Express 航空快遞

Air Waybill 航空運(yùn)單

Master Air Waybill(MAWB)航空主運(yùn)單

House Air Waybill(HAWB)航空分運(yùn)單

Chargeable Weight 計(jì)費(fèi)重量

High density cargo 重貨

Low density cargo 輕貨

Specific Commodity Rates(SCR)特種貨物運(yùn)價(jià)

Commodity Classification Rates(CCR)等價(jià)貨物運(yùn)價(jià)

General Cargo Rates(GCR)普通貨物運(yùn)價(jià)

Unit Load Devices(ULD)集裝設(shè)備

Construction Rate 比例運(yùn)價(jià)

Combination of Rate 分段相加運(yùn)價(jià)

Valuation Charges 聲明價(jià)值費(fèi)

Declared value for Carriage 運(yùn)輸聲明價(jià)值

No value Declared(NVD)不要求聲明價(jià)值

Declared value for Customs 海關(guān)聲明價(jià)值 Indemnity 賠償

Inducement 起運(yùn)量

Inducement cargo 起運(yùn)量貨物

Inflation adjustment factor(IAF)通貨膨脹膨脹調(diào)整系數(shù)

Infrastructure(of a port)(港口)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

Inherent vice 固有缺陷

Institute Warranty Limits(IWL)(倫敦保險(xiǎn)人)協(xié)會(huì)保證航行范圍

Insufficient packing 包裝不足

Intaken weight 裝運(yùn)重量

International Association of Classification Societies(IACS)國(guó)際船級(jí)社協(xié)會(huì)

Inward 進(jìn)港的Inward cargo 進(jìn)港貨物

International Transport Workers’ Federation(ITF)國(guó)際運(yùn)輸工人聯(lián)合會(huì)

Itinerary 航海日程表

Jettison 拋貨

Joint service 聯(lián)合服務(wù)

Joint survey 聯(lián)合檢驗(yàn)

Jumbo derrick 重型吊桿

Jurisdiction(Litigation)clause 管轄權(quán)條款

Knot 航速(節(jié))Laden 滿載的

Laden draught 滿載吃水

Landbridge 陸橋

Landing charges 卸橋費(fèi)

Landing,storage and delivery 卸貨、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)和送貨費(fèi)Lash 用繩綁扎

Lashings 綁扎物

Latitude 緯度

Lay-by berth 候載停泊區(qū)

Laydays(laytime)裝卸貨時(shí)間

Laydays canceling(Laycan或L/C)銷約期

Laytime saved 節(jié)省的裝卸時(shí)間

Laytime statement 裝卸時(shí)間記錄

Lay up 擱置不用

Leg(of a voyage)航段

Length overall(overall length ,簡(jiǎn)稱LOA)(船舶)總長(zhǎng)

Letter of indemnity 擔(dān)保書(函)Lien 留置權(quán)

Lift-on lift-off(LO-LO)吊上吊下

No customs valuation(NCV)無聲明價(jià)值

LOGISTICS 物流

LOGISTICS INDUSTRY 物流產(chǎn)業(yè)

LOGISTICS ACTIVITY 物流活動(dòng)

LOGISTICS OPERATION 物流作業(yè)

LOGISTICS COST 物流成本

LOGISTICS MODULUS 物流模數(shù)

LOGISTICS CENTRE 物流中心

LOGISTICS NETWORK 物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)

LOGISTICS ALLIANCE 物流聯(lián)盟

BUSINESS LOGISTICS 企業(yè)物流

SOCIETAL LOGISTICS 社會(huì)物流

THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS(TPL)第三方物流

LEAN LOGISTICS 精益物流

VIRTUAL LOGISTICS 虛擬物流

CUSTOMIZATION LOGISTICS 定制物流

value-ADDED LOGISTICS SERVICE 增值物流服務(wù) SUPPLY CHAIN 供應(yīng)鏈

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT(SCM)供應(yīng)鏈管理 SUPPLY CHIAN INTEGRATION 供應(yīng)鏈整合PHYSICAL PRODUCTION 產(chǎn)品配送

INTEGRATED LOGISTICS 綜合物流

MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING(MRP I)物料需求計(jì)劃

MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING(MRP II)制造資源計(jì)劃

DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENT PLANNING(DRP I)配送需求計(jì)劃

DISTRIBUTION RESOURCE PLANNING(DRP II)配送資源計(jì)劃

LOSGISTICS RESOURCE PLANNING(LRP)物流資源計(jì)劃

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING(ERP)企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃

QUICK RESPONSE(QR)快速反應(yīng) EFFICIENT CUSTOMER RESPONSE(ECR)有效客戶反應(yīng)

CONTINUOUS REPLENISHMENT PROGRAM(CRP)連續(xù)補(bǔ)充庫(kù)存計(jì)劃

COMPUTER ASSISTED ORDING(CAO)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助訂貨系統(tǒng)

VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY(VMI)供應(yīng)商管理庫(kù)存

ELECTRONIC ORDER SYSTEM(EOS)電子訂貨系統(tǒng)

Lighter 駁船

Limitation of liability 責(zé)任限制

Line(shipping line)航運(yùn)公司

Liner(liner ship)班輪

Liner in free out(LIFO)運(yùn)費(fèi)不包括卸貨費(fèi)

Liner terms 班輪條件

Lloyd′s Register of Shipping 勞埃德船級(jí)社

Loadline(load line)載重線

Loading hatch 裝貨口

Log abstract 航海日志摘錄

Long length additional 超長(zhǎng)附加費(fèi)

Long ton 長(zhǎng)噸

Longitude 經(jīng)度

Lump sum charter 整筆運(yùn)費(fèi)租賃

Maiden voyage 處女航

Main deck 主甲板

Main port 主要港口

Manifest 艙單

Maritime declaration of health 航海健康申明書

Maritime lien 海事優(yōu)先權(quán)

Marks and numbers 嘜頭

Mate′s receipt 大副收據(jù)

Mean draught平均吃水

Measurement cargo 體積貨物

Measurement rated cargo 按體積計(jì)費(fèi)的貨物

Measurement rules 計(jì)量規(guī)則

Merchant(班輪提單)貨方

Merchant haulage 貨方拖運(yùn)

Merchant marine 商船

Metric ton 公噸

Misdelivery 錯(cuò)誤交貨

Misdescription 錯(cuò)誤陳述

Mixed cargo 混雜貨

Mobile crane 移動(dòng)式起重機(jī)

More or less(mol.)增減

More or less in charterer’s option(MOLCHOP)承租人有增減選擇權(quán)

More or less in owner’s option(MOLOO)船東有增減選擇權(quán)

Mother ship 母船

Multideck ship 多層甲板船

Multi-purpose cargo ship 多用途船

Multi-purpose terminal 多用途場(chǎng)站

Narrow the laycan 縮短銷約期

ADVANCED SHIPPING NOTICE(ASN)預(yù)先發(fā)貨通知

DIRECT STORE DELIVERY(DSD)店鋪直送

POINT OF SALE(POS)銷售實(shí)點(diǎn)(信息)系統(tǒng)

AUTOMATIC REPLENISHMENT(AR)自動(dòng)補(bǔ)貨系統(tǒng)

JUST IN TIME(JIT)準(zhǔn)時(shí)制

OUTSOURCING 業(yè)務(wù)外包(外協(xié)，外購(gòu))INVENTORY CONTROL 存貨控制

WAREHOUSE 倉(cāng)庫(kù)

BONDED WAREHOUSE 保稅倉(cāng)庫(kù)

AUTOMATIC WAREHOUSE 自動(dòng)化倉(cāng)庫(kù)

STEREOSCOPIC WAREHOUSE 立體倉(cāng)庫(kù)

VIRTUAL WAREHOUSE 虛擬倉(cāng)庫(kù)

WAREHOUSE LAYOUT 倉(cāng)庫(kù)布局

WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(WMS)倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)

ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY(EOQ)經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨批量

FIXED-QUANTITY SYSTEM(FQS)定量訂貨方式

FIXED-INTERVAL SYSTEM(FIS)定期訂貨方式

ABC CLASSIFICIATION ABC分類法

DISTRIBUTION CENTRE(DC)配送(分撥)中心

CONTRACT LOGISTICS 合同物流

FULL-SERVICE DISTRIBUTION COMPANY(FSDC)全方位物流服務(wù)公司

SAFETY STOCK 安全庫(kù)存

LEAD TIME 備貨時(shí)間

INVENTORY CYCLE TIME 庫(kù)存周期

CYCLE STOCK 訂貨處理周期

CROSS DOCKING 交叉配送(換裝)GOODS SHED 料棚

GOODS STACK 貨垛

GOODS YARD 貨場(chǎng)

GOODS SHELF 貨架

PALLET 托盤

STACKING 堆碼

SORTING 分揀

ORDER PICKING 揀選

GOODS COLLECTION 集貨

ASSEMBLY 組配

DISTRIBUTION PROCESSING 流通加工

ZERO INVENTORY 零庫(kù)存

value-ADDED NETWORK 增值網(wǎng)

BAR CODE 條形嗎 Net weight 凈重

New Jason clause 新杰森條款

New York Produce Exchange charter-party(NYPE)紐約土產(chǎn)交易所制定的定期程租船合同格式

OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION 光學(xué)文字識(shí)別

ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE(EDI)電子數(shù)據(jù)交換

RADIO FREQUENCY(RF)無線射頻

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM(GPS)全球定位系統(tǒng)

GEORGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM(GIS)地理信息系統(tǒng)

CAD/CAM 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)與制造 decision analysis 決策分析 engineering economy 工程經(jīng)濟(jì) facilities planning 設(shè)施 industrial safety 工業(yè)安全 quality control 質(zhì)量治理 QA 質(zhì)量保證 QC 質(zhì)量控制

HSE安全、環(huán)境與健康管理體系 OSHMS是職業(yè)安全健康管理體系 Center of gravity 重心 Spreader beam 分布梁 Shearing force 剪力 Bending movement 彎矩 Acceleration 加速度 Impact recorder 沖擊記錄儀

Environmental project logistics 工程項(xiàng)目綠色物流 Charter Party(C/P)租船合同(租約)charter party航次租船合同

Voyage Contract of Affreightment(COA)包運(yùn)合同

Free In(FI)船方不負(fù)責(zé)裝費(fèi)

Free Out(FO)船方不負(fù)責(zé)卸費(fèi)

Free In and Out(FIO)船方不負(fù)責(zé)裝卸費(fèi)

Free In and Out，Stowed and Trimmed(FIOST)船方不負(fù)責(zé)裝卸、理艙和平艙費(fèi)

Notice of Readiness(NOR)船舶準(zhǔn)備就緒通知書

Stowage Plan貨物積載計(jì)劃

Stowage Factor積載因素(系數(shù))Demurrage滯期費(fèi)

Log book航行日志

Derrick吊桿

Forklift 鏟車

Both to blame collision clause互有過失碰撞條款 Broken stowage虧艙

Capsize vessel超寬型船

Certificate of seaworthiness適航證書

Crawler mounted crane履帶式(軌道式)起重機(jī)

Freight ton(FT)運(yùn)費(fèi)噸

Gantry crane門式起重機(jī)(門吊)

第四篇：機(jī)械專業(yè)課程英文翻譯

機(jī)械制圖Descriptive Geometry & Engineering Graphing85

機(jī)械工程材料Mechanical Engineering Material90

工程力學(xué)Engineering Mechanics89

機(jī)械原理Principle of Mechanics85

機(jī)械原理課程設(shè)計(jì)Course Exercise for Principle of Mechanicsgood良好 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)Mechanical Design80

機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)Course Exercise for Mechanical Designgood良好 液壓與氣壓傳動(dòng)Hydraulic & Pneumatic Technology89

機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)Fundamentals of Manufacturing Technology77

機(jī)械制造裝備設(shè)計(jì)Modern Manufacturing Equipment Design84

電工與電子技術(shù)Mechanical Electric Electronic Control Technique86

微型計(jì)算機(jī)原理Principle and Application of Microcomputer81

互換性與測(cè)量技術(shù)Fundamentals of Exchangeability and Measurement Technology 77

機(jī)械工程控制基礎(chǔ)Introduction to Control Engineering85

計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)Technology and Application of Numerical Control Programming 77

PLCPrinciple and Application of PLC82

模具制造技術(shù)Mould Manufacture Technology76

傳感器與測(cè)試技術(shù)Measurement and Testing Technology81

計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)Computer-aided Design86

機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)Mechanical System Design88

生產(chǎn)實(shí)習(xí)Production Practical Traininggood良好

機(jī)械制圖、機(jī)械工程材料、工程力學(xué)、機(jī)械原理、機(jī)械原理課程設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)、液壓與氣壓傳動(dòng)、機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)、機(jī)械制造裝備設(shè)計(jì)、電工與電子技術(shù)、微型計(jì)算機(jī)原理、互換性與測(cè)量技術(shù)、機(jī)械工程控制基礎(chǔ)、計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控技術(shù)、PLC、模具制造技術(shù)、傳感器與測(cè)試技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)實(shí)習(xí)等

由于在大二第一學(xué)期就過了英語6級(jí)，所以，從那個(gè)時(shí)候起，一直都在通過選修口語課，加入英語角，看美劇，晨讀等方式學(xué)英語口語，因此口語水平良好，可以和以英語為母語的人進(jìn)行交流。

Descriptive Geometry & Engineering Graphing85

Mechanical Engineering Material90

Engineering Mechanics89

Principle of Mechanics85

Course Exercise for Principle of Mechanicsgood

Mechanical Design80

Course Exercise for Mechanical Designgood

Hydraulic & Pneumatic Technology89

Fundamentals of Manufacturing Technology77

Modern Manufacturing Equipment Design84

Mechanical Electric Electronic Control Technique86 Principle and Application of Microcomputer81

Fundamentals of Exchangeability and Measurement Technology 77 Introduction to Control Engineering85

計(jì)Technology and Application of Numerical Control Programming Principle and Application of PLC82

Mould Manufacture Technology76

Measurement and Testing Technology81

Computer-aided Design86

Mechanical System Design88

Production Practical Traininggood

Course Exercise for Fundamentals of Manufacturing Technology

Course Exercise for Modern Manufacturing Equipment Design77

第五篇：機(jī)械專業(yè)英文翻譯

Design of machine and machine elements Machine design Machine design is the art of planning or devising new or improved machines to accomplish specific purposes.In general, a machine will consist of a combination of several different mechanical elements properly designed and arranged to work together, as a whole.During the initial planning of a machine, fundamental decisions must be made concerning loading, type of kinematic elements to be used, and correct utilization of the properties of engineering materials.Economic considerations are usually of prime importance when the design of new machinery is undertaken.In general, the lowest over-all costs are designed.Consideration should be given not only to the cost of design, manufacture the necessary safety features and be of pleasing external appearance.The objective is to produce a machine which is not only sufficiently rugged to function properly for a reasonable life, but is at the same time cheap enough to be economically feasible.The engineer in charge of the design of a machine should not only have adequate technical training, but must be a man of sound judgment and wide experience, qualities which are usually acquired only after considerable time has been spent in actual professional work.Design of machine elements

The principles of design are, of course, universal.The same theory or equations may be applied to a very small part, as in an instrument, or, to a larger but similar part used in a piece of heavy equipment.In no ease, however, should mathematical calculations be looked upon as absolute and final.They are all subject to the accuracy of the various assumptions, which must necessarily be made in engineering work.Sometimes only a portion of the total number of parts in a machine are designed on the basis of analytic calculations.The form and size of the remaining parts are designed on the basis of analytic calculations.On the other hand, if the machine is very expensive, or if weight is a factor, as in airplanes, design computations may then be made for almost all the parts.The purpose of the design calculations is, of course, to attempt to predict the stress or deformation in the part in order that it may sagely carry the loads, which will be imposed on it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine.All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests.A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests such as tension, compression, torsion, and fatigue and apply them to all the complicated and involved situations encountered in present-day machinery.In addition, it has been amply proved that such details as surface condition, fillets, notches, manufacturing tolerances, and heat treatment have a market effect on the strength and useful life of a machine part.The design and drafting departments must specify completely all such particulars, must specify completely all such particulars, and thus exercise the necessary close control over the finished product.As mentioned above, machine design is a vast field of engineering technology.As such, it begins with the conception of an idea and follows through the various phases of design analysis, manufacturing, marketing and consumerism.The following is a list of the major areas of consideration in the general field of machine design: ① Initial design conception;

② Strength analysis;③ Materials selection;④ Appearance;⑤ Manufacturing;⑥ Safety;⑦ Environment effects;⑨ Reliability and life;

Strength is a measure of the ability to resist, without fails, forces which cause stresses and strains.The forces may be;① Gradually applied;② Suddenly applied;2

③ Applied under impact;④ Applied with continuous direction reversals;⑤ Applied at low or elevated temperatures.If a critical part of a machine fails, the whole machine must be shut down until a repair is made.Thus, when designing a new machine, it is extremely important that critical parts be made strong enough to prevent failure.The designer should determine as precisely as possible the nature, magnitude, direction and point of application of all forces.Machine design is mot, however, an exact science and it is, therefore, rarely possible to determine exactly all the applied forces.In addition, different samples of a specified material will exhibit somewhat different abilities to resist loads, temperatures and other environment conditions.In spite of this, design calculations based on appropriate assumptions are invaluable in the proper design of machine.Moreover, it is absolutely essential that a design engineer knows how and why parts fail so that reliable machines which require minimum maintenance can be designed.Sometimes, a failure can be serious, such as when a tire blows out on an automobile traveling at high speeds.On the other hand, a failure may be no more than a nuisance.An example is the loosening of the radiator hose in the automobile cooling system.The consequence of this latter failure is usually the loss of some radiator coolant, a condition which is readily detected and corrected.The type of load a part absorbs is just as significant as the magnitude.Generally speaking, dynamic loads with direction reversals cause greater difficulties than static loads and, therefore, fatigue strength must be considered.Another concern is whether the material is ductile or brittle.For example, brittle materials are considered to be unacceptable where fatigue is involved.In general, the design engineer must consider all possible modes of failure, which include the following: ① Stress;② Deformation;3

③ Wear;④ Corrosion;⑤ Vibration;⑥ Environmental damage;⑦ Loosening of fastening devices.The part sizes and shapes selected must also take into account many dimensional factors which produce external load effects such as geometric discontinuities, residual stresses due to forming of desired contours, and the application of interference fit joint.Selected from” design of machine elements”, 6th edition, m.f.sports, prentice-hall, inc., 1985 and “machine design”, Anthony Esposito, charles e., Merrill publishing company, 1975.Quality assurance and control

Product quality is of paramount importance in manufacturing.If quality is allowed deteriorate, then a manufacturer will soon find sales dropping off followed by a possible business failure.Customers expect quality in the products they buy, and if a manufacturer expects to establish and maintain a name in the business, quality control and assurance functions must be established and maintained before, throughout, and after the production process.Generally speaking, quality assurance encompasses all activities aimed at maintaining quality, including quality control.Quality assurance can be divided into three major areas.These include the following: ①Source and receiving inspection before manufacturing;②In-process quality control during manufacturing;③Quality assurance after manufacturing.Quality control after manufacture includes warranties and product service extended to the users of the product.Source and receiving inspection before manufacturing

Quality assurance often begins ling before any actual manufacturing takes place.This may be done through source inspections conducted at the plants that

supply materials, discrete parts, or subassemblies to manufacturer.The manufacturer’s source inspector travels to the supplier factory and inspects raw material or premanufactured parts and assemblies.Source inspections present an opportunity for the manufacturer to sort out and reject raw materials or parts before they are shipped to the manufacturer’s production facility.The responsibility of the source inspector is to check materials and parts against design specifications and to reject the item if specifications are not met.Source inspections may include many of the same inspections that will be used during production.Included in these are: ①Visual inspection;②Metallurgical testing;③Dimensional inspection;④Destructive and nondestructive inspection;⑤Performance inspection.Visual inspections

Visual inspections examine a product or material for such specifications as color, texture, surface finish, or overall appearance of an assembly to determine if there are any obvious deletions of major parts or hardware.Metallurgical testing

Metallurgical testing is often an important part of source inspection, especially if the primary raw material for manufacturing is stock metal such as bar stock or structural materials.Metals testing can involve all the major types of inspections including visual, chemical, spectrographic, and mechanical, which include hardness, tensile, shear, compression, and spectr5ographic analysis for alloy content.Metallurgical testing can be either destructive or nondestructive.Dimensional inspection

Few areas of quality control are as important in manufactured products as dimensional requirements.Dimensions are as important in source inspection as they are in the manufacturing process.This is especially critical if the source supplies parts for an assembly.Dimensions are inspected at the source factory

using standard measuring tools plus special fit, form, and function gages that may required.Meeting dimensional specifications is critical to interchangeability of manufactured parts and to the successful assembly of many parts into complex assemblies such as autos, ships, aircraft, and other multipart products.Destructive and nondestructive inspection

In some cases it may be necessary for the source inspections to call for destructive or nondestructive tests on raw materials or p0arts and assemblies.This is particularly true when large amounts of stock raw materials are involved.For example it may be necessary to inspect castings for flaws by radiographic, magnetic particle, or dye penetrant techniques before they are shipped to the manufacturer for final machining.Specifications calling for burn-in time for electronics or endurance run tests for mechanical components are further examples of nondestructive tests.It is sometimes necessary to test material and parts to destruction, but because of the costs and time involved destructive testing is avoided whenever possible.Examples include pressure tests to determine if safety factors are adequate in the design.Destructive tests are probably more frequent in the testing of prototype designs than in routine inspection of raw material or parts.Once design specifications are known to be met in regard to the strength of materials, it is often not necessary to test further parts to destruction unless they are genuinely suspect.Performance inspection

Performance inspections involve checking the function of assemblies, especially those of complex mechanical systems, prior to installation in other products.Examples include electronic equipment subcomponents, aircraft and auto engines, pumps, valves, and other mechanical systems requiring performance evaluation prior to their shipment and final installation.Selected form “modern materials and manufacturing process”

Electro-hydraulic drum brakes Application

The YWW series electro-hydraulic brake is a normally closed brake, suitable for horizontal mounting.It is mainly used in portal cranes, bucket stacker/reclaimers’slewing mechanism.The YKW series electro-hydraulic brake is a normally opened brake, suitable for horizontal mounting, employing a thruster as actuator.with the foot controlling switch the operator can release or close the brake.It is mainly used for deceleration braking of portal cranes’slewing mechanism.In a non-operating state the machinery can be braked by a manual close device.The RKW series brake is a normally opened brake, which is operated by foot driven hydraulic pump, suitable for horizontal mounting.Mainly used in the slewing mechanism of middle and small portal cranes.When needed, the brake is activated by a manual closed device.Main design features Interlocking shoes balancing devices(patented technology)constantly equalizes the clearance of brake shoes on both sides and made adjustment unnecessary, thus avoiding one side of the brake lining sticking to the brake wheel.The brake is equipped with a shoed autoaligning device.Main hinge points are equipped with self-lubricating bearing, making high efficiency of transmission, long service life.Lubricating is unnecessary during operation.Adjustable bracket ensure the brake works well.The brake spring is arranged inside a square tube and a surveyor’s rod is placed on one side.It is easy to read braking torque value and avoid measuring and computing.Brake lining is of card whole-piece shaping structure, easy to replace.Brake linings of various materials such as half-metal(non-asbestos)hard and half-hard, soft(including asbestos)substance are available for customers to choose.All adopt the company’s new types of thruster as corollary equipment which work accurately and have long life.Hydraulic Power Transmission The Two Types Of Power Transmission

In hydraulic power transmission the apparatus(pump)used for conversion of the mechanical(or electrical,thermal)energy to hydraulic energy is arranged on the input of the kinematic chain ,and the apparatus(motor)used for conversion of the hydraulic energy to mechanical energy is arranged on the output(fig.2-1)

The theoretical design of the energy converters depends on the component of the bernouilli equation to be used for hydraulic power transmission.In systerms where, mainly, hydrostatic pressure is utilized, displacement(hydrostatic)pumps and motors are used, while in those where the hydrodynamic pressure is utilized is utilized gor power transmission hydrodynamic energy converters(e.g.centrifugal pumps)are used.The specific characteristic of the energy converters is the weight required for transmission of unit power.It can be demonstrated that the use of hydrostatic energy converters for the low and medium powers, and of hydrodynamic energy converters of high power are more favorite(fig.2-2).This is the main reason why hydrostatic energy converters are used in industrial apparatus.transformation of the energy in hydraulic transmission.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.driving motor(electric, diesel engine);mechanical energy;pump;

hydraulic energy;

hydraulic motor;mechanical energy;

load variation of the mass per unit power in hydrostatic and hydrodynamic energy converters

1、hydrostatic;2.hydrodynamic Only displacement energy converters are dealt with in the following.The

elements performing converters provide one or several size.Expansion of the working chambers in a pump is produced by the external energy admitted, and in the motor by the hydraulic energy.Inflow of the fluid occurs during expansion of the working chamber, while the outflow(displacement)is realized during contraction.Such devices are usually called displacement energy converters.The Hydrostatic Power

In order to have a fluid of volume V1 flowing in a vessel at pressure work spent on compression W1 and transfer of the process, let us imagine a piston mechanism(fig.2-3(a))which may be connected with the aid of valves Z0 and Z1 to the external medium under pressure P0 and reservoir of pressure p1.in the upper position of the piston(x=x0)with Z0 open the cylinder chamber is filled with fluid of volume V0 and pressure P0.now shut the value Z0 and start the piston moving downwards.If Z1 is shut the fluid volume in position X=X1 of the piston decreases from V0 to V1, while the pressure rises to P1.the external work required for actuation of the piston(assuming isothermal change)is W1=-∫0x0(P-P0)Adx=-∫v1v0(P-P0)dv

Select from Hydraulic Power Transmission

機(jī)器和機(jī)器零件的設(shè)計(jì)

機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)

機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)為了特定的目的而發(fā)明或改進(jìn)機(jī)器的一種藝術(shù)。一般來講，機(jī)器時(shí)有多種不同的合理設(shè)計(jì)并有序裝配在一起的部件構(gòu)成的，在最初的機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)階段，必須基本明確負(fù)載、元件的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況、工程材料的合理使用性能。負(fù)責(zé)新機(jī)器的設(shè)計(jì)最初的最重要的是經(jīng)濟(jì)性考慮。一般來說，選擇總成本最低的設(shè)計(jì)方案，不僅要考慮設(shè)計(jì)、制造、銷售、安裝的成本。還要考慮服務(wù)的費(fèi)用，機(jī)械要保證必要的安全性能和美觀的外形。

制造機(jī)器的目標(biāo)不僅要追求保證只用功能的合理壽命，還要保證足夠便宜以同時(shí)保證其經(jīng)濟(jì)的可行性。負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器的工程師，不僅要經(jīng)過專業(yè)的培訓(xùn)，而且必須是一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確判斷而又有豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人，具有一種有足夠時(shí)間從事專門的實(shí)際工作的素質(zhì)。

機(jī)器零件的設(shè)計(jì)

相同的理論或方程可應(yīng)用在一個(gè)一起的非常小的零件上，也可用在一個(gè)復(fù)雜的設(shè)備的大型相似件上，既然如此，毫無疑問，數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算是絕對(duì)的和最終的。他們都符合不同的設(shè)想，這必須由工程量決定。有時(shí)，一臺(tái)機(jī)器的零件全部計(jì)算僅僅是設(shè)計(jì)的一部分。零件的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸通常根據(jù)實(shí)際考慮。另一方面，如果機(jī)器和昂貴，或者質(zhì)量很重要，例如飛機(jī)，那麼每一個(gè)零件都要設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。

當(dāng)然，設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算的目的是試圖預(yù)測(cè)零件的應(yīng)力和變形，以保證其安全的帶動(dòng)負(fù)載，這是必要的，并且其也許影響到機(jī)器的最終壽命。當(dāng)然，所有的計(jì)算依賴于這些結(jié)構(gòu)材料通過試驗(yàn)測(cè)定的物理性能。國(guó)際上的設(shè)計(jì)方法試圖通過從一些相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的而基本的實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到一些結(jié)果，這些試驗(yàn)，例如結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的及現(xiàn)代機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)到的電壓、轉(zhuǎn)矩和疲勞強(qiáng)度。

另外，可以充分證明，一些細(xì)節(jié)，如表面粗糙度、圓角、開槽、制造公差和熱處理都對(duì)機(jī)械零件的強(qiáng)度及使用壽命有影響。設(shè)計(jì)和構(gòu)建布局要完全詳細(xì)地說明每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，并且對(duì)最終產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行必要的測(cè)試。

綜上所述，機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)非常寬的工程技術(shù)領(lǐng)域。例如，從設(shè)計(jì)理念到設(shè)計(jì)分析的每一個(gè)階段，制造，市場(chǎng)，銷售。以下是機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的一般領(lǐng)域應(yīng)考慮的主要方面的清單：

①最初的設(shè)計(jì)理念

②受力分析

③材料的選擇

④外形

⑤制造

⑥安全性

⑦環(huán)境影響

⑧可靠性及壽命

在沒有破壞的情況下，強(qiáng)度是抵抗引起應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變的一種量度。這些力可能是：

①漸變力

②瞬時(shí)力

③沖擊力

④不斷變化的力

⑤溫差

如果一個(gè)機(jī)器的關(guān)鍵件損壞，整個(gè)機(jī)器必須關(guān)閉，直到修理好為止。設(shè)計(jì)一臺(tái)新機(jī)器時(shí)，關(guān)鍵件具有足夠的抵抗破壞的能力是非常重要的。設(shè)計(jì)者應(yīng)盡可能準(zhǔn)確地確定所有的性質(zhì)、大小、方向及作用點(diǎn)。機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)不是這樣，但精確的科學(xué)是這樣，因此很難準(zhǔn)確地確定所有力。另外，一種特殊材料的不同樣本會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出不同的性能，像抗負(fù)載、溫度和其他外部條件。盡管如此，在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中給予合理綜合的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算是非常有用的。

此外，顯而易見的是一個(gè)知道零件是如何和為什麼破壞的設(shè)計(jì)師可以設(shè)計(jì)出需要很少維修的可靠機(jī)器。有時(shí)，一次失敗是嚴(yán)重的，例如高速行駛的汽車的輪胎爆裂。另一方面，失敗未必是麻煩。例如，汽車的冷卻系統(tǒng)的散熱器皮帶管松開。這種破壞的后果通常是損失一些散熱片，可以探測(cè)并改正過來。零件負(fù)載類型是一個(gè)重要的標(biāo)志。一般而言，變化的動(dòng)負(fù)載比靜負(fù)載會(huì)引起更大的差異。因此，疲勞強(qiáng)度必須符合。另一個(gè)關(guān)心的方面是這種材料是否直或易碎。例如有疲勞破壞的地方不易使用易碎的材料。一般的，設(shè)計(jì)師要靠考慮所有破壞情況，其包括以下方面：

①應(yīng)力

②應(yīng)變

③外形

④腐蝕

⑤震動(dòng)

⑥外部環(huán)境破壞

⑦緊固件的松脫

零件的尺寸和外形的選擇也有很多因素。外部負(fù)荷的影響，如幾何間斷，由于輪廓而產(chǎn)生的殘余應(yīng)力和組合件干涉。

質(zhì)量保證與控制

產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量是生產(chǎn)中最重要的。如果放任質(zhì)量惡化下去，生產(chǎn)者會(huì)很快發(fā)現(xiàn)銷售量銳減，可能從而會(huì)導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)業(yè)的失敗。用戶期望他們買的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量性能好，而且如果制造商想建立并維持其信譽(yù)，必須在產(chǎn)品制造前制造過程中及制造過程后進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制和質(zhì)量保證。一般來說，質(zhì)量保證包括所有的活動(dòng)，其包括質(zhì)量建立和質(zhì)量控制。質(zhì)量保證可以被分為三個(gè)主要領(lǐng)域，他們?nèi)缦滤觯?①制造之前的原材料的檢查 ②在制造加工過程中的質(zhì)量控制 ③制造之后的質(zhì)量保證

生產(chǎn)制造后的質(zhì)量控制包括保證書和面對(duì)產(chǎn)品用戶的服務(wù)。生產(chǎn)制造之前的原材料檢驗(yàn)

質(zhì)量保證常常在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)制造之前就開始了。這些都是生產(chǎn)者在供應(yīng)原材料、散件或配件的車間里進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。生產(chǎn)制造公司的原材料檢驗(yàn)員到供應(yīng)廠并且檢查原材料及于制造的另配件。原材料檢驗(yàn)為生產(chǎn)者提供了一次機(jī)會(huì)，那就是在原料及散件被運(yùn)到生產(chǎn)車間之前先進(jìn)行挑選淘汰。原料檢察員的責(zé)任是去檢查原料和零件是否達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)格并且淘汰那些未達(dá)到特殊指標(biāo)的原料。原料檢驗(yàn)有很多于檢查產(chǎn)品相同的檢驗(yàn)。其如下所述： ①目測(cè) ②冶金測(cè)試 ③尺寸測(cè)試

④損傷檢驗(yàn) ⑤性能檢驗(yàn) 目測(cè)

目測(cè)檢驗(yàn)一種產(chǎn)品或原料的某些特征，如顏色、紋理、表面光潔度或部件的總體外觀，從而判斷其是否具有明顯的缺損。冶金測(cè)試

冶金測(cè)試常常是原料間嚴(yán)厲的一個(gè)很重要的部分，尤其是像棒料、建筑材料毛坯一些原材料。金屬測(cè)試包含所有主要的檢驗(yàn)類型，其中有目測(cè)，化學(xué)檢驗(yàn)，光譜檢驗(yàn)和機(jī)械性能檢驗(yàn)，其包括硬度、伸縮性能、剪切性能、壓縮性能和合成 12

成分的光譜分析。冶金測(cè)試既可用于成品件也可用于預(yù)制件。尺寸檢驗(yàn)

質(zhì)量控制的一些領(lǐng)域是重要的生產(chǎn)件的要求尺寸。尺寸在檢驗(yàn)過程中，像其在生產(chǎn)過程中一樣重要。如果這些零件是為總成供應(yīng)的，那尺寸尤其嚴(yán)格。一些尺寸在生產(chǎn)車間用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)量工具進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，像特種接頭、造型和需求的功能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)度量。符合尺寸規(guī)格對(duì)所制造多部件的互換性和對(duì)多部件成功組裝成復(fù)雜的裝置，如汽車、輪船、飛機(jī)和其他多部件產(chǎn)品都地極其重要的。損傷檢驗(yàn)

在一些情況下，對(duì)原材料或零部件采取損傷測(cè)試的原始測(cè)驗(yàn)是很必要的。特別是涉及到大批的原材料時(shí)。例如，在被運(yùn)到生產(chǎn)車間作最終機(jī)器之前，對(duì)鑄件進(jìn)行X-射線、電磁離子、染色滲透劑技術(shù)的探傷是很必要的，又對(duì)機(jī)器總成的電子或持久運(yùn)作測(cè)試而確定的規(guī)格，是無損測(cè)試的又一例證。有時(shí)，對(duì)材料及零件的測(cè)試是很必要的，但由于無損測(cè)試的花費(fèi)和成本及時(shí)間不是任何時(shí)候都允許的。

例如，有壓力測(cè)試決定在設(shè)計(jì)中其是否安全。損傷測(cè)試經(jīng)常用于設(shè)計(jì)樣機(jī)的測(cè)試，而不是原材料或零件的常規(guī)檢驗(yàn)。一旦設(shè)計(jì)達(dá)到了所希望的材料強(qiáng)度，通常對(duì)零件做進(jìn)一步的損傷測(cè)試是不必要的，除非他們確實(shí)存在疑點(diǎn)。

性能測(cè)試

性能測(cè)試在零部件被其他產(chǎn)品被安裝之前，檢查部件的功能，尤其是那些機(jī)械構(gòu)造復(fù)雜的部件。例如電子設(shè)備零件，飛機(jī)和汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，泵、閥及其他需要在裝運(yùn)和最后安裝前進(jìn)行性能測(cè)驗(yàn)的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)。

選自《現(xiàn)代材料和制造工藝》

汽車起重機(jī)的不同類型

根據(jù)汽車吊的使用情況，像：工作的范圍，工作的自然情況。他們的構(gòu)造裝備體現(xiàn)著不同的理念。

1、工作范圍（不同的設(shè)計(jì)）

當(dāng)起重機(jī)工作在一個(gè)小范圍內(nèi)（倉(cāng)庫(kù)，碼頭，戲臺(tái)等）告訴是沒有必要的。根據(jù)這種應(yīng)用，我們的裝置最高速為35km/h。

驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置布置在后面，集成了車輛和起重機(jī)的控制，這種類型稱為：?jiǎn)悟?qū)起重機(jī)。當(dāng)起重機(jī)在大場(chǎng)地內(nèi)工作時(shí)，有幾個(gè)較遠(yuǎn)的工作點(diǎn)，高速軸就是必要的了。隨之而來的，布置在車輛后端的單驅(qū)動(dòng)是不可能的。由于這個(gè)原因，提供兩個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)是必要的，相對(duì)的允許像傳統(tǒng)卡車那樣驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛。這種類型的起重機(jī)，在構(gòu)造上必須裝備一個(gè)特殊的變速箱，對(duì)起重機(jī)允許像傳統(tǒng)車輛那樣的前進(jìn)和后退。我們這種類型的起重機(jī)裝備了一個(gè)特殊的變速箱，可以提供一個(gè)前進(jìn)速度和一個(gè)后退速度，一般其最大運(yùn)輸速度為：55/60km/h，這種類型稱為雙驅(qū)起重機(jī)。

2、地面情況

當(dāng)起重機(jī)操作困難時(shí)，在平整的路面上（體育場(chǎng)，碼頭，倉(cāng)庫(kù)等）起構(gòu)造是傳統(tǒng)概念的單驅(qū)動(dòng)的運(yùn)輸工具。

如果起重機(jī)離開路面移動(dòng)到惡劣路況下（臟且沙軟的路面）不平的，其構(gòu)造根據(jù)“全工況路面”的限定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而建立，其要求實(shí)現(xiàn)：

雙驅(qū)甚至是三驅(qū)；兩種速度范圍，有一個(gè)特別慢的值；不同驅(qū)動(dòng)軸的轉(zhuǎn)換系統(tǒng)；軸端的特殊軸承；特殊的制動(dòng)；提供低壓的大尺寸的輪胎，在軟地面上運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；獨(dú)立的大車輪；懸空的地面監(jiān)視和清晰的構(gòu)造是非常重要的；安裝及駕駛服務(wù)

所有的主要點(diǎn)是絕對(duì)必要的對(duì)于在無路的情況下的各種類型的車輛，有一個(gè)良好的運(yùn)行。

當(dāng)然起重機(jī)不得不在各種路況下工作，為此其裝備了雙驅(qū)。

（附圖見英文資料）

液力傳動(dòng)

動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)的兩種類型

在液力傳動(dòng)中，用來將機(jī)械能（電能、化學(xué)能）轉(zhuǎn)化成液力能的裝置（泵）被布置在傳動(dòng)鏈的輸入端，而用來將液力能轉(zhuǎn)化成機(jī)械能的裝置（馬達(dá)）被布置在輸出端。（圖2-1）

這種能量轉(zhuǎn)化的理論上的設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)是液力傳動(dòng)的各部分的伯努里方程。

在系統(tǒng)中，流體靜壓力主要用來替代泵和馬達(dá)，而在某些方面，流體動(dòng)力是作為液力能轉(zhuǎn)化后的力傳動(dòng)而被利用的（如離心泵）這種能量轉(zhuǎn)換的特征取決于單位力的傳動(dòng)。他能說明這種微小力的液體靜壓力能轉(zhuǎn)換和高壓力的液體動(dòng)力能轉(zhuǎn)換更受人們的歡迎。（圖2-2）者是液力轉(zhuǎn)換被應(yīng)用于工業(yè)器械的主要原因。液力傳動(dòng)的能量轉(zhuǎn)換

1、原動(dòng)機(jī)（電機(jī)、內(nèi)燃機(jī)）

2、機(jī)械能

3、泵

4、液力能

5、液壓馬達(dá)

6、機(jī)械能

7、負(fù)載 在流體靜力能和流體動(dòng)力能中單位里的質(zhì)量變化

替代能量轉(zhuǎn)換僅應(yīng)用以下幾方面，在液體靜壓力轉(zhuǎn)換中相關(guān)的替代執(zhí)行元件提供一個(gè)或數(shù)個(gè)工作室，他們恒定或尺寸可變。

泵的工作室在外部能量進(jìn)入時(shí)伸長(zhǎng)，馬達(dá)是靠液力能，工作是伸長(zhǎng)時(shí)液體流入，而收縮時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)流體流出。這些裝置通常被稱為能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置。液體充滿一個(gè)體積為V1的容器，在壓力P1下所作的功W是壓縮功W1和改變液體的功W2組成的。

為了分析這個(gè)過程，讓我們假設(shè)一個(gè)活塞機(jī)構(gòu)（圖2-3（a）），它是有兩個(gè)閥Z0、Z1和貯液器連接而成，表面壓力為P0，貯

液器內(nèi)部壓力為 P1，活塞處于上部的X=X0處，Z0打開，液體充滿體積為V0的汽缸，壓力為 P0，現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉閥Z0，并且開始向下移動(dòng)活塞，如果 Z1關(guān)閉，當(dāng)活塞下降到 X=X1處時(shí)，液體體積由V0變?yōu)閂1，此時(shí)壓力升至P1，驅(qū)動(dòng)活塞所作的外部功是（假設(shè)熱量改變）

W1=-∫X1X0(P-P0)Adx=-∫V1V0(P-P0)dv

制動(dòng)器的應(yīng)用

YWW系列電力液壓塊式制動(dòng)器是一種常閉、臥式安裝的制動(dòng)器，主要用于門座式起重機(jī)、斗輪堆取料機(jī)以及中大型塔式起重機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的制動(dòng)。

YKW系列電力液壓塊式制動(dòng)器是一種常開、臥式安裝的制動(dòng)器，推動(dòng)器為閉合（上閘）驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置，它通過腳踏開關(guān)控制，司機(jī)在司機(jī)室內(nèi)可隨意空。主要用于門座式起重機(jī)和塔式起重機(jī)等回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的減速制動(dòng)。當(dāng)需要在機(jī)構(gòu)斷電時(shí)（非工作狀態(tài)）進(jìn)行制動(dòng)，可通過增設(shè)手動(dòng)閉合（上閘）來實(shí)現(xiàn)。

RKW系列制動(dòng)器為常開式、液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)、臥式安裝的制動(dòng)器。通過腳踏式液壓泵進(jìn)行控制，可實(shí)現(xiàn)隨意制動(dòng)。主要用于中小型門座式起重機(jī)和塔式起重機(jī)的回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)。帶有手動(dòng)閉合（上閘）裝置，在非工作狀態(tài)下有需要時(shí)，可通過其進(jìn)行維持制動(dòng)。主要設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)

聯(lián)鎖式退距均等裝置，專利技術(shù)，在使用過程中可始終保持兩側(cè)瓦塊制動(dòng)襯浮貼制動(dòng)輪的現(xiàn)象；設(shè)有瓦塊自動(dòng)隨位裝置。

主要擺動(dòng)鉸點(diǎn)均設(shè)有自動(dòng)潤(rùn)滑軸承，傳動(dòng)效率高，壽命長(zhǎng)，在使用過程中無需潤(rùn)滑。

設(shè)有可調(diào)式支撐裝置，確保制動(dòng)器工作靈活自如。

制動(dòng)彈簧在方管內(nèi)布置）（僅YWW產(chǎn)品）并在一側(cè)設(shè)有標(biāo)尺，用戶可十分方便的讀出制動(dòng)力距值，免去測(cè)量和計(jì)算的麻煩。

制動(dòng)襯墊為卡裝式整體結(jié)構(gòu)，更換十分方便，快捷，備有半金屬（無石棉）硬質(zhì)和半硬質(zhì)，軟質(zhì)（含石棉）等不同材質(zhì)的制動(dòng)襯墊供用戶選擇。全部采用本公司新型推動(dòng)器配套，動(dòng)作靈敏，壽命長(zhǎng)。