第一篇：日常翻譯

大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)：President 中小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)：Principal;headmaster 總書(shū)記：General Secretary 總工程師：Chief engineer 總編輯：editor-in-chief ；Managing editor 總經(jīng)理：general manager；managing director；Executive head 總干事：Secretary-general 總指揮：commander-in-chief；Generalissimo 總領(lǐng)事：Consul-general 總監(jiān)：chief-inspector；Inspector-general 總廚：head cook；Chef 行政職務(wù)的副職頭銜與血石頭先的“副”最常用的英語(yǔ)單詞是associate eg：副教授 associate professor 副主編 associate managing editor 副主任醫(yī)師 associate senior doctor 當(dāng)然，有些英語(yǔ)職位頭銜如manager，其副職位頭銜可冠以assistant： 副總經(jīng)理 assistant/deputy general manager，assistant/deputy managing director 大堂副理（賓館）assistant manager 以director表示的職位的副職常以deputy director 表示。此外，secretary，mayor，dean等頭銜的副職也可冠以deputy “首席”英語(yǔ)常用chief來(lái)表示： 首席執(zhí)行官 chief executive officer（CEO)首席法官 chief judge 首席代表 chief representative 審判長(zhǎng) presiding judge；chief judge；chief of judges 護(hù)士長(zhǎng) head nurse 秘書(shū)長(zhǎng) secretary-general 參謀長(zhǎng) chief of staff “代理”可譯作acting，“常務(wù)”可以用managing表示，“執(zhí)行”可譯作executive，“名譽(yù)”可譯為honorary e.g.：代理市長(zhǎng) acting mayor 常務(wù)副校長(zhǎng)managing vice president 執(zhí)行秘書(shū) executive secretary 名譽(yù)校長(zhǎng) honorary president /principal 特級(jí)教師 special-grade senior teacher 特派記者 accredited correspondent 特約編輯 contributing editor 特約記者 special correspondent 客座教授 visiting professor 院士 academician 業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)理 service/business/operation manager 注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師 chartered /certified public accountant 學(xué)習(xí)標(biāo)兵 student pacemaker 勞動(dòng)模范 model worker Man's dearest possession is life.It is given to him but once, and he must live it so as to feel no torturing regrets for wasted years ,never know the shame of a mean and petty past ,so live that ,dying ,he might say :all my life ,all my strength were given to the finest cause in all the world _ the fight for the Liberation of Mankind.1）一國(guó)兩制

One country two systems 2）維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展，是各國(guó)人民的共同心愿

Maintaining world peace and promoting common development is the shared goal of people in all countries.3)中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久，文化燦爛，風(fēng)景秀美的國(guó)家。

China is a country with an age-old history, a brilliant civilization, and magnificent landscapes.4)桂林山水甲天下

Guilin's scenery is the most beautiful under heaven.5)天人合一

Integration of the universe and humanity 6)和平共處五原則

The five principles of peaceful coexistence 7）互相尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，互不侵犯，互不干涉內(nèi)政，平等互利，和平共處 Mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit,peaceful coexistence.8)推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育

Push ahead with education for all-around development 9)按勞分配

Distribution according to one's performance 10）科學(xué)發(fā)展觀

The scientific outlook on development 11)健全法制、完善機(jī)制 Improve the mechanisms and the legal systems 12)中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院

The State Council of the People’s Republic of China 13)發(fā)展和平友好、平等互利，長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系

Develop relation of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 14)高層次、全方位的對(duì)話

High-level and all-directional dialogue 15)捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家主權(quán)、領(lǐng)土完整和民族尊嚴(yán)

Safeguard national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national dignity 16)伸張正義，主持公道

Adhere to principles and unhold justice 17)環(huán)境惡化

Deterioration of the environment 18)晚婚晚育

Late marriage and late childbearing 19)生育權(quán)利

Childbearing rights 20)廣西壯族自治區(qū)

The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 21）自強(qiáng)不息、厚德載物

Self-discipline and Social Commitment 22）天行健，君子以自強(qiáng)不息 As heaven maintains vigor through movement，a gentleman should constantly strive for self-perfection!23）秦始皇兵馬俑

Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses Figurine 24）以公有制為主體，多種所有制共同發(fā)展

With public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side 三個(gè)代表：

25）代表中國(guó)先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展要求

Represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces 26）代表中國(guó)先進(jìn)文化的前進(jìn)方向

Represent the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture 27）代表最廣大人民的根本利益

Represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China 28）承蒙幫助，不甚感激

We owe you a debt of gratitude for your help 29)中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放是一個(gè)非常有創(chuàng)新意義的嘗試。

China reform and open policy is one has the innovation significance attempt 30)可持續(xù)發(fā)展是當(dāng)今世界發(fā)展的主題。

Sustainable development is the subject of nowadays world.Are you soaking me? 你在敲詐我嗎? Your clothes are soaked/soaking.你的衣服濕透了 He is quiet a lad.他是個(gè)活潑的男孩子。專(zhuān)業(yè)書(shū) books of my major 她掐我 she pinched me Many young soldiers have been cut off in their prime.許多年輕的戰(zhàn)士英年早逝

in one's prime of life 壯年時(shí)期，風(fēng)華正茂 prime cost 主要成本 prime time 黃金時(shí)間

don not be taken in by his promises.不要被他的承諾欺騙。（take in 理解）

去偽存真 eliminate the false and retain the true 鎮(zhèn)定自若 retain one's presence of mind 盛水的杯子 a cup to retain water / a cup of retaining water 她現(xiàn)在升遷在望 she is on the fast track to promotion 我們的船觸礁沉沒(méi) our boat foundered on a reef Please capitalize the report 請(qǐng)用大寫(xiě)字母寫(xiě)“報(bào)告”二字 Do you wish to contribute 你想捐助嗎？

she contributed a number of articles to the magazine.她給這家雜志撰寫(xiě)了一些稿件。

we hope everyone will contribute to the discussion.我們希望大家都能參加討論。

human error may have been a contributing factor.人為的失誤可能是一個(gè)起作用的因素。

the report is just full of waffle.這份報(bào)告只是一大堆廢話。玻璃遇冷收縮 glass contracts as it cools 萎縮的市場(chǎng) a contracting market 感染艾滋病 to contract Aids 昌盛的一年 a boom year 吊桿燈 boom light 生意興隆 business is booming 鋼筋混凝土 reinforced concrete 這一經(jīng)歷讓我更加感到失落 the experience reinforced my sense of loss 敬請(qǐng)出席會(huì)議 your presence is requested at the meeting 她覺(jué)得有什么東西跟在背后 she felt a presence behind her a man of no presence 其貌不揚(yáng)的男子 a man of great presence 風(fēng)度翩翩的男子 saving your presence 恕我冒昧

litmus paper turns red in the presence of an acid.石蕊試紙遇到酸就變紅

lose one's presence of mind 遇事慌亂 he has high principle 他很有道德

the principle that heat rises 熱氣上升的定律 first principle =the most basic rules 根本原則

there are three fundamental principles of teamwork.團(tuán)隊(duì)合作有三個(gè)基本原則

新體制的實(shí)施 the implementation of the new system 農(nóng)具 agricultural implements 我真誠(chéng)地贊同他的話 I wholeheartedly endorse his remarks.

第二篇：日常應(yīng)用文翻譯

第十二章

日常應(yīng)用文的翻譯

英文書(shū)信通常由下列五個(gè)部分組成：

A 信頭（Heading）

信頭包括寫(xiě)信人地址和寫(xiě)信日期，通常寫(xiě)在信箋的右上角。在比較熟識(shí)的朋友之間的通信，寫(xiě)信人的地址常可略去。本課的信頭就只寫(xiě)了寫(xiě)信日期，而沒(méi)有寫(xiě)信人的地址。日期通常有下列兩種定法：

（a）月、日、年：如 August 15, 200__

（b）日、月、年：如 15th august, 200__

地址的寫(xiě)法通常是由小到大，如：門(mén)牌號(hào)、街道名、市（縣）名、省名、國(guó)名（郵政編碼通常寫(xiě)在城市名之后）。這同中文書(shū)信的地址寫(xiě)法完全相反。地址可以寫(xiě) 1 ～ 3 行，日期寫(xiě)在地址的下方（見(jiàn)信箋格式）。

B 稱(chēng)呼（Salutation）

稱(chēng)呼指寫(xiě)信人對(duì)收信人的稱(chēng)呼，如 Dear Xiaojun，寫(xiě)在信頭的下方和信箋的左邊。稱(chēng)呼一般用 Dear? 或 My dear? 開(kāi)頭，稱(chēng)呼后一般用逗號(hào)。

C 正文（Body）

這是書(shū)信的主體部分，即寫(xiě)信人要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。正文要求文字通順，層次分明，表意清楚?？梢允謺?shū)，也可以打?qū)憽?/p>

D 結(jié)束語(yǔ)（Complimentary Close）

它是書(shū)信結(jié)尾的恭維話，相當(dāng)于文中書(shū)信最后的 “ 祝好 ”、“ 致禮 ” 之類(lèi)的話語(yǔ)。“Best wishes”（致以最好的祝愿）就是結(jié)束語(yǔ)。

E 簽名（Signature）

簽名通常簽在結(jié)束語(yǔ)下方的中間偏右的位置，簽名應(yīng)是親筆書(shū)寫(xiě)，即使是打?qū)憴C(jī)打出的信件，最后仍需親筆簽名。在簽名的上方可根據(jù)寫(xiě)信人和收信人的關(guān)系寫(xiě)上 Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely（用于長(zhǎng)輩或朋友之間），或 Respectfully yours/Yours respectfully（用于對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩或上級(jí)）

第一節(jié)

社交信件的翻譯

社交信件種類(lèi)很多，根據(jù)其不同作用和用途，可分為饋贈(zèng)信、答謝信、祝賀信、慰問(wèn)信、吊唁信、道歉信和邀請(qǐng)信（或請(qǐng)柬）等。

一、饋贈(zèng)信

寫(xiě)這類(lèi)信用詞要誠(chéng)懇、熱情。常見(jiàn)的形式有兩種：一種比較正式，用第三人稱(chēng)；一種比較簡(jiǎn)便，寫(xiě)法與普通信件相同。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意保留原文風(fēng)格。

1．贈(zèng)字典 Presenting a dictionary Dear [Miss Clark], Allow me to present you with a copy of “[The Chinese-English Dictionary]” published by [Commercial Publishing House].I know you are studying [Chinese] now, and hope you will find it useful.It is a trifle gift.But I hope you will accept it as a small token of my gratitude for your continual kindness.Truly yours, 親愛(ài)的[克拉克小姐]：

請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我奉上[商務(wù)出版社]出版的[《漢英詞典》]一本。我知道您正在學(xué)習(xí)[漢語(yǔ)]，希望該書(shū)對(duì)您能有些幫助。區(qū)區(qū)微物，聊表心意。

此致 敬禮！

2．答謝贈(zèng)詞典 Thanks for presenting the dictionary Dear [Mr.Brown], Many thanks for a copy of “[The Chinese-English Dictionary]”.I am very much pleased with it, for it is such a good reference book to me.Thank you again for your nice gift.Yours ever, 親愛(ài)的[布朗先生]：

承蒙惠贈(zèng)[《漢英詞典》]，甚為感謝。它是一本極好的參考書(shū)，我非常喜歡。再次致謝。此致 敬禮！

二、答謝信

1.感謝幫助 A note of thanks for one’s help Dear [William]: Thank you very much for your kind letter of [October 15, 2004], concerning [my pro-ject].It was good of you to come to my assistance, and I appreciate your generosity.Your aid will be invaluable in helping me accomplish my objectives.If I can reciprocate at any time, please be sure to call on me.Thanks again for your courtesy.Cordially, 親愛(ài)的[威廉]：

感謝您[2004年10月15日]就[我研究項(xiàng)目]的來(lái)信。

您的慷慨令我感到欽佩，而且您的幫助將為我達(dá)到我的目標(biāo)，起到不可估量的作用。如果將來(lái)我能為您做些什么，請(qǐng)直言。

再次感謝您的好意。

2.感謝別人的指教 A note of thanks for one’s guidance Dear [Professor Jackson]: It is just [two months] since I consulted with you about [choosing my job] and I want to assure you that I appreciate your help.Your advice has been invaluable, and I have followed the course you recommended, with gratifying results.[I took the job], and consider it the wisest step I could have taken.I would like to express my gratitude, along with my very best wishes.Cordially, 親愛(ài)的[杰克遜教授]：

自從上次向您請(qǐng)教[工作選擇問(wèn)題]至今已兩個(gè)月了，非常感謝您的指教。

您提的建議十分寶貴，我按照您說(shuō)的做了以后，收效甚佳。[我選擇了那份工作]，并認(rèn)為這是我所能作出的最明智的選擇。

我愿在此向您表示感謝，并獻(xiàn)上良好的祝愿。您真誠(chéng)的，XX

三、祝賀信

在西方，得知朋友訂婚、結(jié)婚、生孩子、升職都要寫(xiě)信祝賀。祝賀信如同一般的簡(jiǎn)短書(shū)信，可長(zhǎng)可短，格式上無(wú)特別的要求，但翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)做到：真誠(chéng)、自然、親切動(dòng)人。內(nèi)容上可盡情發(fā)揮。

1.祝賀朋友大學(xué)畢業(yè) Congratulations on graduation Dear [Mr.Li]: I learned from [Wang Ying] that you were graduated with high honors from [Qing Hua University] yesterday.I can well imagine how proud of you your parents are now, who have been

anxiously hoping to witness your brilliant success.As I understand, you will continue studies in [the United States] soon.I wish you greater success in your studies and research work.With best wishes, Yours sincerely, 親愛(ài)的[李先生]：

從王英處得悉你以?xún)?yōu)異的成績(jī)畢業(yè)于[清華大學(xué)]，我可以想像，你的父母現(xiàn)在是怎樣地引以為榮。他們一直殷切地希望你獲得輝煌的成就。我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你不久要到[美國(guó)]去繼續(xù)深造。預(yù)祝你在學(xué)習(xí)和研究工作上取得更大的成就。

2.祝賀新年 A letter extending New Year greetings Dear [Mr.Barton]: As the New Year is quickly approaching, I take this opportunity to send my greetings and best wishes to you for [2005].I hope that the coming year will bring a further increase in exchange of culture between our two countries and we look forward to continued friendly relations with you.Yours faithfully, 親愛(ài)的[巴頓先生]：

值此[2005]年即將到來(lái)之際，我謹(jǐn)向你致以最良好的祝愿和問(wèn)候。

我希望，在新的一年里我們兩國(guó)之間的文化交流有進(jìn)一步的增加，并希望我們與你們之間的友好關(guān)系繼續(xù)下去。

四、慰問(wèn)信

慰問(wèn)信應(yīng)寫(xiě)得真切，注意措辭，對(duì)輕病或者小損失，慰問(wèn)信應(yīng)寫(xiě)得輕松一些。相反，對(duì)嚴(yán)重病情或重大損失，信就應(yīng)該寫(xiě)得深沉一些。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)出真誠(chéng)和關(guān)懷。

1.問(wèn)候朋友的母親 Inquiring after the health of a friend’s mother Dear [Mr.Wang], I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of [your mother]’s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of late.Under a separate cover I am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best regards.Sincerely yours 親愛(ài)的[王先生]：

聽(tīng)說(shuō)您的母親身體欠安，深表憂慮。不知令堂近況如何，實(shí)為惦念。隨信另寄上[什錦餅干一盒]，并致以最良好的問(wèn)候。

您忠誠(chéng)的 [吳洋] 2.慰問(wèn)喪偶的朋友 A letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife Dear [Mrs.Harper], I would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].In the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [Professor of Harper]’s friendship.I found [him] a since and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].The knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, I hope, be of some comfort to you.Truly yours 親愛(ài)的[哈珀女士]：

獲悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息，深表遺憾。

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，能與[哈珀教授]保持友誼是我的榮幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最樂(lè)于與其一道[工作]的忠實(shí)而有幫助的朋友。

但愿我此時(shí)的問(wèn)候，能給您帶來(lái)一些安慰。

五、吊唁信

例子 May 15, 2005（1）Dear Miss Barbara, Please accept my deepest sympathy on the death of your mother.I can well appreciate what a great loss this must be to you.Sincerely yours, Paul [譯文] 親愛(ài)的巴巴拉小姐：

在您母親去世之際，請(qǐng)接受我的最深切的慰問(wèn)。

我非常理解這件事對(duì)您是多么大的損失。

您真誠(chéng)的保羅

2005年5月15日 悼某人喪親屬（On the Death of a Relative）

（2）當(dāng)友人的親屬去世時(shí)，寫(xiě)一封簡(jiǎn)短的吊唁信是一種友愛(ài)、關(guān)心的表示。你可以寫(xiě)幾句稱(chēng)贊逝者的話，也可以簡(jiǎn)單地表示同情和慰問(wèn)。

June 11, 2005 Dear Mr.Forrest, Word of the recent death of your brother has just come to me, and I hasten to offer condolences.I had the privilege of knowing your brother in years past, and I realize your great loss.He was a fine and brilliant man, and he will not be forgotten by the many who admired and respected him.Please convey my sympathy and my warm personal regards to all your family.Cordially yours, Jack [譯文] 親愛(ài)的弗雷斯特先生：

驚悉您哥哥最近逝世的消息，特此吊唁。

多年前我有幸結(jié)識(shí)您哥哥，因此我知道他的逝世是您的巨大損失。他是一位高尚的、出類(lèi)拔萃的人。那些欽佩他、尊敬他的人是不會(huì)忘記他的。

請(qǐng)向您全家轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)我的慰問(wèn)以及親切的問(wèn)候。

您熱誠(chéng)的杰克

2005年6月11日

六、道歉信

因過(guò)失或疏忽做錯(cuò)了事，給別人帶來(lái)了麻煩或損失，發(fā)覺(jué)后要立即寫(xiě)信給對(duì)方賠禮道歉，這是一種禮貌。這類(lèi)信要翻譯得坦率，誠(chéng)懇。

1.因遲復(fù)來(lái)信致歉 Because of answering one’s letter late

Dear [David]: I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, December] sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable.When your letter arrived, I was just in [Hong Kong].As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up.Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip.I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.Yours, 親愛(ài)的[戴維]：

請(qǐng)?jiān)徫沂盏侥鶾12月7日]的來(lái)信后遲遲未復(fù)，現(xiàn)將原因告訴您，相信您一定會(huì)諒解的。您的來(lái)信到來(lái)時(shí)，我正巧在[香港]，家人無(wú)法及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)遞。你的信一直放在我寫(xiě)字臺(tái)上，直到我回到才看見(jiàn)，拖至今天才回信，深表歉意。

這次出去旅行飽覽了許多美麗景色，下次見(jiàn)到您時(shí)，將告訴您一切。祝好！

2.因遺失借書(shū)致歉 Because of losing a borrowed book Dear [Frank]: I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week].I read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month].[Last night] when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found.I will try to recover it as soon as possible.If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you.But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one.Old books are like old friends.Once lost, they can never be replaced.They are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never have.And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame.I was so careless with my things.This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.Yours truly, 親愛(ài)的[弗蘭克]：

很抱歉，[上星期]您借給我的那本書(shū)竟遺失了。我[每天]都在看，準(zhǔn)備[下個(gè)月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的臥室，到處也找不到那本書(shū)。我將盡力找到它。萬(wàn)一找不到，我只好買(mǎi)一本新的還您。

但是，新書(shū)恐怕不能代替那本舊書(shū)吧！舊書(shū)跟舊友一樣，一旦失去就不能再得。舊書(shū)與往事相連，這種不可彌補(bǔ)的損失，皆由我起。我對(duì)待一切太大意了，這次給我一個(gè)警告，叫我以后要小心。

七、邀請(qǐng)信

邀請(qǐng)信包括宴會(huì)、舞會(huì)、晚餐、聚會(huì)、婚禮等各種邀請(qǐng)信件，形式上大體分為兩種：一種為正規(guī)的格式(formal correspondence)，亦稱(chēng)請(qǐng)柬；一種是非正式格式(informal correspondence), 即一般的邀請(qǐng)信。邀請(qǐng)信是在形式上不如請(qǐng)柬那樣正規(guī)，但也是很考究。

1.邀請(qǐng)參加新廠開(kāi)工典禮 Invitation to opening ceremony of new factory Dear [Mr.Harrison]: Our new factory will be commencing production on [April 10] and we should like to invite [you and your wife] to be present at a celebration to mark the occasion.As you will appreciate this is an important milestone for this organization, and is the result of continued demand for our products, both at home and overseas.We are inviting all those individuals and trust that you will pay us the compliments of accepting.Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time —— we can arrange for you to be met.All arrangements for your stay [overnight on April 10] will, of course, be made by us at our expense.Yours faithfully, 親愛(ài)的[哈里森先生]：

本公司新廠將于[4月10日]開(kāi)始投產(chǎn)，希望能邀請(qǐng)[賢伉儷]來(lái)參加新廠開(kāi)工典禮。

如您所知，新廠的設(shè)立是本公司的一個(gè)里程碑，而這正是海內(nèi)外對(duì)本公司產(chǎn)品不斷需求的結(jié)果。我們邀請(qǐng)了所有對(duì)本公司的成功貢獻(xiàn)一切力量的個(gè)人，我們相信，您一定會(huì)賞光。

如您確能參加，請(qǐng)來(lái)函告知您抵達(dá)的時(shí)間 —— 以便我們?yōu)槟才艜?huì)晤。當(dāng)然，所有安排您在[10日晚間]夜宿的費(fèi)用，皆將由公司代您支付。

2.邀請(qǐng)參加招待會(huì) An invitation for a reception Dear [Mr.Smith]: It would give [me/us] great pleasure to have your presence at a reception in honor of the Chinese delegation.The reception will be held in the [the City Hall], on [Tuesday, October the fourth].Cocktails will be served promptly at [six] to be followed b dinner at [eight].[I/We] sincerely hope you can attend.Let [me/us] know.Sincerely yours 親愛(ài)的[史密斯先生]：

如您能夠出席為[中國(guó)代表團(tuán)]而舉行的招待會(huì)，[我（們）]將感到十分榮幸。

招待會(huì)定于[10月4日（星期二）]在[市政廳]舉行。[6點(diǎn)鐘]準(zhǔn)時(shí)舉行[雞犬不寧尾酒會(huì)]，隨之在[8點(diǎn)鐘]舉行[正式的晚宴]。

[我（們）]期待著您的光臨。請(qǐng)?zhí)崆巴ㄖ芊癯鱿?，邀請(qǐng)參加化妝舞會(huì)

Dec.28, 20005

Dear Julie, If you meet a witch or a ghost on the way here in New Year’s Eve, don’t be alarmed!They’ll just be guests on their way to our masquerade.I’d like you and your brother Bob to come.You can dress here if you like, or you can come all dressed and masked so that nobody recognizes you.I think that’s more fun!

Come at seven, Julie.There’ll be dancing until eleven, and a buffet supper afterward.I hope that both you and Bob can make it.With Love，Anita [譯文] 親愛(ài)的朱麗婭：

如果元旦晚上在來(lái)這里的途中遇到一個(gè)“巫婆”，或一個(gè)“鬼怪”，請(qǐng)別驚慌，那一定是前來(lái)參加我們化裝舞會(huì)的客人。

希望您和您弟弟鮑勃同來(lái)參加。如果你愿意，可以在這里更衣，也可以來(lái)時(shí)穿好化裝的衣服，戴好假面具，這樣，誰(shuí)也認(rèn)不出你們了。我想，那樣會(huì)更有趣。

朱麗婭，請(qǐng)你在七點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)。舞會(huì)在十一點(diǎn)結(jié)束，然后吃自助夜餐。希望您和鮑勃光臨。

您親愛(ài)的安妮塔

2005年12月28日

第二節(jié) 事務(wù)應(yīng)用文的翻譯

事務(wù)應(yīng)用文種類(lèi)繁多，下面介紹幾種常用的日常事務(wù)應(yīng)用文。

一、事務(wù)書(shū)信

1.推薦信

推薦信在西方國(guó)家是求職，求學(xué)的必備材料。寫(xiě)推薦信的人必須對(duì)被推薦者有一定的了解。最好有較深的資歷。如被推薦者的原單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，本專(zhuān)業(yè)的專(zhuān)家等，名聲越大越好。

推薦信大體上可分為兩種：專(zhuān)業(yè)推薦信（特意為被推薦人申請(qǐng)某一單位的某一職務(wù)而寫(xiě)的。寫(xiě)信人應(yīng)了解聘方的要求、工作性質(zhì)等有關(guān)情況以便有的方矢地推薦被薦人）。通常推薦信（即一封信可以用于不同的聘人單位，通常以“To Whom it May Concern”）為稱(chēng)呼。

推薦信要多寫(xiě)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，充分肯定成績(jī)，篇幅不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)，也不能三方兩語(yǔ)。一般包括以下三個(gè)內(nèi)容： 1．說(shuō)明推薦人與被薦人的關(guān)系，熟識(shí)程度等。2．概述被薦人的品質(zhì)、能力、性格等。] 3．建議招聘人錄用。

推薦信上應(yīng)提供推薦人的工作單位、地址、電話等以便對(duì)方聯(lián)系，簽名后必須注意職稱(chēng)或?qū)W銜。除了請(qǐng)別人推薦，也可以自薦，其格式與上述要求相同。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意用樸實(shí)的漢語(yǔ)組織譯文

1． 推薦他人

To whom concerned，xx has passed the entrance examination to NO.8 middle school of dalian, 2005.He(she)is one of the best students who always study intensively, with his elementary knowledge trustworthy, and the ability of founding and solving problem, self studying, cooperation with teachers and students.He's(she's)always obliging.he(she)performed perfectly during the high school period, especially on maths and English.Besides, he(she)is a optimistic student with nice abilities of communication, adaption and dealing with the contingencies.And also, he(she)got a high score in the college entrance examination, 2008.I'm totally willing to recommend the student to your college, Thanks very much!敬啟者：

xxx同學(xué)于2005年考入大連市第八中學(xué)。該生學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)真刻苦，鉆研進(jìn)取，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)優(yōu)異?；緦W(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)掌握牢固，善于從中發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決問(wèn)題，具有較強(qiáng)的自主能力，善于與老師和同學(xué)積極配合，樂(lè)于助人。在完成高中學(xué)業(yè)期間，該生各方面表現(xiàn)突出，尤其在數(shù)學(xué)，英語(yǔ)方面取得了很好的成績(jī)。該生性格開(kāi)朗，交際能力，適應(yīng)能力及應(yīng)變能力較強(qiáng)。并于2008年全國(guó)高考中取得了不錯(cuò)的成績(jī)。作為該生的班主任，我非常愿意推薦該同學(xué)到貴校學(xué)習(xí)深造。謝謝！2.自我推薦Self-recommendation Dear Sir，I wish to apply for a position with your [publishing house].I’m [35] years old and am at present employed by [World Publishing House], where I have been for [the past five years].Formerly I was employed by [Dongfang Press] where I was nearly [five years].My only reason for leaving either those positions would be to better myself and I feel there is no further opportunity in my present position.The editorial work had always had a great appeal to me as I have some ability in writing and editorial work.I can give you references from both these press houses as to my character and ability as an editor.Very truly yours, [Li Ming] [signature] 親愛(ài)的先生：

我希望能在貴社謀求一職位。我現(xiàn)年[35]歲。目前受雇于[天津出版社]，最近[5年里]本人一直在該社工作。在這之前，本人還在[東方出版社]工作近[5年]。

我打算離開(kāi)這兩個(gè)職位的唯一理由就是謀求高升。我覺(jué)得目前的職位不利于本人的發(fā)展。由于我在寫(xiě)作和編輯工作方面有些能力，所以編輯工作一直對(duì)我具大的吸引力。關(guān)于我的人品和能力，我可以請(qǐng)上述兩個(gè)出版社單位寫(xiě)介紹信以供參考。[李明]（簽字）[2005年7月15日]

2.申請(qǐng)信

為了要了解某事、或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方辦事某事、或申請(qǐng)參加學(xué)會(huì)、報(bào)名入學(xué)等，都可寫(xiě)信給有關(guān)方面詢(xún)問(wèn)。這類(lèi)信要寫(xiě)明自己的意圖以及要求對(duì)方辦的事，也可向?qū)Ψ剿魅∮嘘P(guān)資料。

翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)潔，謙恭的漢語(yǔ)，詞句組織譯文。1.申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 Applying for a scholarship Dear Prof.[Johnson]: My name is [Li Ming].I am writing to you to apply for a scholarship in your university.Born in [Tianjin in 1960], I graduated from [Tianjin] University majoring in [Computer Science] in [1989].I have been working in the [Computer Science Department] of this univer-sity since my graduation.It is the height of my ambition to further y studies in this field in your university.But without your financial aid I couldn’t manage to come.I’ll be very grateful for your kind help.Could you please favor me with an early reply? Sincerely yours, 親愛(ài)的[約翰遜]教授：

我叫李明。我想來(lái)貴校進(jìn)修并盼能給予獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。

我于[1960年生于[天津]，于[1989年]畢業(yè)于[天津]大學(xué)[計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系]。畢業(yè)后一直在[該系]工作。我極想來(lái)貴校進(jìn)修我的專(zhuān)業(yè)。我只有在您的經(jīng)濟(jì)資助下才能如愿。如蒙關(guān)照感激不盡，盼速賜回音。2.申請(qǐng)做為訪問(wèn)學(xué)者 Applying for admittance as a visiting scholar Dear Prof.[Jackson], I am a professor of English in the English Department of [Tianjin Foreign Languages In-stitute].I have taught [linguistics] for more than [15] years and have therefore attained a fair knowledge in this field.I am writing to your about the possibility of visiting scholar’s appointment in your de-partment next [spring].If given the opportunity, I’ll do my best to meet your requirements and I am sure I’ll be benefited in return.I hope to hear from you at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours, [Li Ming] Enc.: My resume 親愛(ài)的[杰克遜]教授：

我是[天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院]英語(yǔ)系教授。教授[語(yǔ)言學(xué)]已有[十五]個(gè)年頭，因此略有心得。

不知貴系下學(xué)期[春季班]能否聘任我為訪問(wèn)學(xué)者？如蒙不棄，我當(dāng)盡力百為符雅望。我想此舉彼此均有裨益。

盼早日賜復(fù)為感。此致 敬禮！附履歷表一份

3.證明信

定義：證明信是以機(jī)關(guān),團(tuán)體,單位或個(gè)人證明一個(gè)人的身份，學(xué)歷，品行，工作能力等,供接受單位作為處理和解決某人某事的根據(jù)的書(shū)信。

格式：

１標(biāo)題：＂證明＂或＂有關(guān)ＸＸ問(wèn)題的證明＂。２稱(chēng)謂。３正文：被證明的事實(shí)。４結(jié)尾一般寫(xiě)＂特此證明＂。５出具證明的單位署名、日期，加蓋公章。

翻譯要求：簡(jiǎn)明扼要，用詞準(zhǔn)確，有時(shí)可套用漢語(yǔ)傳統(tǒng)的公函用語(yǔ) 例子：

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN April 27, 2010 Dear Sir or Madam:

This is to certify that Ms.XX(passport NO.xxxx), General Manager, is employed by our firm since.Her current income is RMB 300,000 annually.We hereby confirm she is going to have a business trip to Britain from 10th May to 31st May, 2010.We further guarantee she will comply with local law and regulation during her stay in Britain and will also be back on time.All expenses for the above trip including the cost of air tickets, traffic expenses, insurance and accommodation will be covered by our company.Yours sincerely XXX 茲證明**女士出生于**，身份證號(hào)碼為**，護(hù)照號(hào)**.** 女士為某某公司在職人員，職位是總經(jīng)理，薪酬為年薪30萬(wàn)人民幣。

**女士赴英國(guó)出差的時(shí)間段為：2010年5月10日至2010年5月31日。將會(huì)遵守當(dāng)?shù)貒?guó)的法律和法規(guī)，并公司擔(dān)保申請(qǐng)人按期回國(guó)。所有的出差費(fèi)用（包括醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、餐飲、住宿、機(jī)票等）將由我公司承擔(dān)。

特此證明！

二、其他事務(wù)性應(yīng)用文

其他事務(wù)性應(yīng)用文多屬于公文范疇，在一定程度上多具有法律效力，因此，一般用詞精煉，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語(yǔ)氣莊重，通常使用較正式的公文體英語(yǔ)行文。漢譯時(shí)，應(yīng)注意保留原文的這些特點(diǎn)。示例如下： 1.公證書(shū)

公證是國(guó)家公證機(jī)關(guān)根據(jù)法律的規(guī)定和當(dāng)事人的申請(qǐng)，按法定程序證明法律行為、有法律意義的事實(shí)和文書(shū)的真實(shí)性、合法性的非訴訟活動(dòng)。公證書(shū)應(yīng)包括的內(nèi)容有：（1）公證書(shū)編號(hào)；（2）當(dāng)事人的基本情況；（3）公證證詞；（4）承辦公證員的簽名（簽字章）、公證處印章和鋼??；（5）出證日期等。

英文公證書(shū)的格式比較規(guī)范，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，公證地名寫(xiě)在左上方，須全用大寫(xiě)字母，ss.（或SS.)寫(xiě)在中間，公證書(shū)正文應(yīng)和地名相隔三行。例子：

經(jīng)濟(jì)合同公證書(shū)

1、國(guó)外使用的公證書(shū)格式

------, COMMONWEALTH)

ss.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS)

On this----day of----, 20----, personally appeared before me------and------, known to me to be the person(s)whose signature(s)is/are subscribed to me to be the foregoing instrument and who acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same as a voluntary act for the purposes set forth therein.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and official seal on the day and year first written above.------

NOTARY PUBLIC

------聯(lián)邦馬里亞納群島公證書(shū)

茲證明------和------于---年---月----日，在我的面前，簽訂前面------合同。經(jīng)查,此行為是他（她）

（他們）按合同精神自愿履行的。

------

公證員（簽名）

2、中國(guó)通用的公證書(shū)格式

NOTARIAL CERTIFICATE

()Zi, No----

------NOTARIAL PUBLIC OFFICE，------PROVINCE，THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

On this----day of----, 20----, personally appeared before me Mr.------, acting on behalf of------(full mane of the corporate body), and Mr.------, acting on behalf of------(full name of the corporate body), known to me to be the persons whose signatures are subscribed to the foregoing------Contract.It is investigated and found that the signing of the foregoing instrument is in accordance with Article 55 of “The PRC's General Civil Rules ” and “The PRC's------”.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and official seal on the day and year first written above.------合同公證書(shū)

（）字第----號(hào)

茲證明------（單位全稱(chēng)）的法定代表人（或法定代表人的代理人）------和------（單位全稱(chēng)）的法定代表人（或法定代表人的代理人）------于---年---月---日，在---（地點(diǎn)或本公證處），在我的面前，簽訂了上述《------合同》。

經(jīng)查，上述雙方當(dāng)事人的簽訂合同的行為符合《中華人民共和國(guó)民法通則》第五十五條的規(guī)定，合同的內(nèi)容符合《中華人民共和國(guó)------法》的規(guī)定。

---省---市（縣）公證處

公證員（簽名）

---年---月---日 2.委托書(shū)

委托書(shū)是委托代理根據(jù)被代理人的委托授權(quán)而產(chǎn)生的書(shū)面材料。委托他人代表自己行使自己的合法權(quán)益，委托人在行使權(quán)力時(shí)需出具委托人的法律文書(shū)。而委托人不得以任何理由反悔委托事項(xiàng)。被委托人如果做出違背國(guó)家法律的任何權(quán)益，委托人有權(quán)終止委托協(xié)議，在委托人的委托書(shū)上的合法權(quán)益內(nèi)，被委托人行使的全部職責(zé)和責(zé)任都將由委托人承擔(dān)，被委托人不承擔(dān)任何法律責(zé)任。委托書(shū)的常用句型：

_____________________(Name), Passport/Identity Card 本 人,(姓 名)護(hù) 照/ 身 份 證 號(hào) 碼 _____________ , hereby authorised , holder of 茲 委 托(姓 名)Passport/Identity Card number , to submit/collect 護(hù) 照/身 份 證 號(hào) 碼

代 表 我 遞 交/ 領(lǐng) 取 my visa application 我 的 簽 證 申 請(qǐng)。on my behalf.___________________ ____________ Signature of Applicant Date 申 請(qǐng) 人 簽 名 日 期 專(zhuān)利代理委托書(shū)

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Pursuant to the Article 19 of the Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China, I/we, citizen/legal entity of _____ hereby authorize _________________________________(Code: _________)to appoint its patent attorney(s)__________，_________ to handle all patent affairs related to the application with title as ________________________________________________ and application number(or patent number)/international application number as____________ in the PRC.Authorized by(Name)________________________________________ Signature or Seal ________________________________________ Seal of the Authorized Agent ________________________________________

Date of Authorization _____________________________________ 我/我們是_____的公民/法人，根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)專(zhuān)利法第19條的規(guī)定，茲委托______________________________________________________(機(jī)構(gòu)代碼__________)，并由該機(jī)構(gòu)指定其專(zhuān)利代理人

申請(qǐng)?zhí)?或?qū)＠?hào))/國(guó)際申請(qǐng)?zhí)枮開(kāi)________________的專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)?jiān)谥腥A人民共和國(guó)的全部專(zhuān)利事宜。

委托人姓名或名稱(chēng)

委托人簽字或蓋章 被委托專(zhuān)利代理機(jī)構(gòu)蓋章 委托日期

3.聘書(shū)

聘書(shū)主要用于聘請(qǐng)對(duì)方前來(lái)工作，講學(xué)等，這種信需寫(xiě)清聘請(qǐng)的目的及給予對(duì)方的待遇。有時(shí)也可寫(xiě)上一些對(duì)對(duì)方表示崇敬的詞語(yǔ)。另外還需寫(xiě)清聘請(qǐng)的期限。__________、__________

代

為

辦

理

名

稱(chēng)

為_(kāi)__________________________________________________________________________

1．聘請(qǐng)客座教授 Employing a visiting professor Dear [Prof.Smith]: [The English Department of Beijing Languages Institute] is pleased to appoint you to be [a visiting professor], for the term of [one year and a half], starting on [February 22, 1993].The Department will provide office space and library facilities.You will of course be welcome to participate fully in our teaching programs, including, classes, seminars, and informal dis-cursions.[The Institute] will pay fees according to the contact of engagement en closed here-with.The Department joins me in the hope that you will be able to take up this appointment.Truly yours, 親愛(ài)的[史密斯教授]：

[北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院英語(yǔ)系]準(zhǔn)備聘請(qǐng)您為[客座教授]，為期[一年半]，從[1993年2月22日]起，我系將提供辦公室和圖書(shū)館一切方便，歡迎您參加我們?nèi)康慕虒W(xué)項(xiàng)目，包括上課，研究班討論會(huì)及非正式討論。[我校]交按照所附合同條款支付酬金。

我系全體成員都希望您能接受這一職位。此致

敬禮！

2.聘請(qǐng)顧問(wèn) Employing a consultant Dear [Dr.Boffin], It is a great pleasure to hear from [Dr.May] that you are coming to China for a short visit.I would like to take this opportunity to invite you to be our consultant in our [hospital].With your profound knowledge and experience in the [medical field], I’m sure that you will help our [hospital] tremendously.Let me thank you in advance for your assistance.Please accept my warm welcome and sincere invitation.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours, 親愛(ài)的[鮑菲博士]：

據(jù)[梅博士]函告，您將來(lái)華做短期訪問(wèn)，故冒昧給您寫(xiě)信，想請(qǐng)您擔(dān)任我[院]的[顧問(wèn)]。由于您在[醫(yī)療]方面學(xué)識(shí)淵博，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，對(duì)我[院]一定大有幫助，恭候佳音，并盼忽聞卻是幸

第三篇：日常翻譯句子練習(xí)答案

1.It is inevitable for the old to have generation gap with their children.1對(duì)老年人來(lái)說(shuō)，和他們的孩子有代溝是不可避免的。

2.It is sagacious that all relevant factors should be taken into account before taking any action.2在采取任何行動(dòng)之前，應(yīng)該考慮所有相關(guān)的因素，這是明智之舉。

3.A fear has arisen among some people that the more machines will be used, the more workers will be unemployed and the lower our living standard will become.3恐懼在一些人當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)了。那就是，機(jī)器用得越多，失業(yè)的工人就越多，而我們的生活水平就會(huì)越低。

4.Before airing my opinion, I will analyze the hot issue from diverse perspectives.4在表明觀點(diǎn)之前，我將從不從的角度來(lái)分析這個(gè)熱門(mén)話題。

5.As soon as a child becomes old enough to communicate with other children, he begins having friends, who sometimes influence him more rapidly than his family.5當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子長(zhǎng)到足以和其他人交流時(shí)，他便開(kāi)始交朋友，這些朋友對(duì)他的影響有時(shí)比家庭更快

6.They spend too much time in front of the television, ignoring their study, outdoor activities and even their families.6他們?cè)陔娨暀C(jī)前面花費(fèi)了太多的時(shí)間，忽略了學(xué)習(xí)、戶外活動(dòng)，甚至他們的家庭。

7.But the disadvantage of this solution lies in the fact that too much land that could be used for farming or housing will inevitably be occupied by more and more roads.(同位語(yǔ)從句)

7但此種方案的不足之處在于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：修建越來(lái)越多的道路會(huì)不可避免的占用過(guò)多的土地，而這些土地原本是可以用于耕種或建房的。

8.In the countryside, the air is clean, the food is fresh and houses are totally spacious with large yards around them.(并列句)

8在鄉(xiāng)村，空氣清新，食物新鮮，房子四周通常有寬敞的庭院。

9.Then could not we live in the fresh air while enjoying the mobility of cars? 否定疑問(wèn)句

9我們?cè)谙硎苤?chē)帶來(lái)的行動(dòng)自如的同時(shí)，難道就呼吸不上新鮮的空氣了嗎?

10.If students are forced to wear uniforms every day, how can they develop their individuality and creativity? 特殊疑問(wèn)句

10如果學(xué)生被迫每天都穿校服，那他們?cè)趺窗l(fā)展個(gè)性和創(chuàng)造力呢?

11.Today when the global economy is in depression, how will you make the choice to domesticate animals with an empty stomach or to solve the living problem with animals as the source of food and clothing?

11在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)并不景氣的今天，你會(huì)選擇餓著肚子馴養(yǎng)寵物，還是把它們當(dāng)作衣物和食物的來(lái)源，以求解決自身生存的問(wèn)題呢? 選擇疑問(wèn)句

12.In addition, the huge amounts of money spared may be poured into the construction of many highways, factories, hospitals and schools, which is of immense benefit to individuals as well as to the society.12此外，所節(jié)省的大筆資金可以用來(lái)建高速公路、工廠、醫(yī)院和學(xué)校，這無(wú)論是對(duì)個(gè)人還是社會(huì)都有很大的好處。

13.They are printed in our newspapers and shown on our television screens as a visible proof of the man’s newest achievements.13它們作為人類(lèi)最新成就的明證被登在報(bào)紙上，而且出現(xiàn)在電視屏幕上。

14.It is true that the whole world is witnessing China’s construction of modernization.14中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)確實(shí)正為全世界所關(guān)注。

15.It is the controversial question, which has aroused heated discussion among people.15這是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題，它引起了人們的激烈討論。(名詞作表語(yǔ)+定從)

16.When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn.16當(dāng)我們長(zhǎng)大了，可以自謀生計(jì)的時(shí)候，我們毫不驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，成功是用一個(gè)人掙多少錢(qián)來(lái)衡量的。

17.Finally，I will quote a classic sentence from a famous article entitled Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death by Patrick Henry, the greatest writer in American history.17最后，我講引用美國(guó)歷史上最偉大的作家帕杰克 亨利一篇題目為《不自由，勿寧死》的著名藝術(shù)作品里的最經(jīng)典的話。

18.Over the last generation, we have worked hard to restore our natural treasures and find a way to conduct our economy that is more in harmony with the environment.18從我們父輩起，我們努力保護(hù)自然環(huán)境，找到使我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)一致地發(fā)展的辦法。

19.Wearing uniforms, to some extent, discourages individuality and hinder the development of creativity.19在某種程度上，穿校服不鼓勵(lì)個(gè)性化，阻礙了創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展。

20.Mutual understanding between them is desired for by them all, but achieved by only a few.20他們都期待相互理解，但能做到的人卻很少。

21.So one thing is clear enough: for the sake of our students’ prospects, teachers should also be called on to respect students and add more attention to enlighten the individuality of students.21所以，這一點(diǎn)是很明確的：為了學(xué)生的前程，老師也應(yīng)該尊重學(xué)生，把更多的注意力放在鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生的個(gè)性發(fā)展上。

22.The critics argue that the practice does not coincide with the present-day civilized world in which liberty and individuality are highly worshiped.22批評(píng)家們爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)這種做法與目前高度尊崇自由和個(gè)性的文明社會(huì)不一致。

23.Now people in growing numbers are enjoying the benefits at dinner table from the application of the new scientific advances to agriculture.23現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的人從餐桌上就能感受到新科技應(yīng)用到農(nóng)業(yè)所帶來(lái)的好處。

24.With population rapidly increasing, heavy traffic has become a big headache for many cities.24隨著人口的迅速增長(zhǎng)，交通擁擠已成為許多城市難以解決的問(wèn)題。

25.Solving problems in the dormitory will, in the long run, help students understand how to communicate with others.25解決宿舍中的問(wèn)題從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度看將幫助學(xué)生懂得如何與其他人交流。

26.While building more roads in places where land is less useful, we should increase the number of public bus lines.26一方面在土地不緊張的地方建造更多的道路，另一方面增加公共汽車(chē)線路。

27.What is more important, China, in which agriculture plays a leading role, will suffering a lot more than western countries if once stepping into the stage of popularization of cars.27更為重要的是，在中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)以農(nóng)業(yè)為主導(dǎo)地位的國(guó)家，汽車(chē)一旦普及將遭受比西方國(guó)家曾經(jīng)歷的更為嚴(yán)重的危害。

28.The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job market.28大部分學(xué)生相信業(yè)余工作會(huì)使他們有更多機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展人際交往能力,而這對(duì)他們未來(lái)找工作是非常有好處的.29.The specialists are always telling people what food to eat, what to avoid and what to be put together.29專(zhuān)家們總是告訴我們哪一種食物該吃，哪一種食物不該吃，哪幾種食物應(yīng)該相互搭配著吃。(帶不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))

30.After careful consideration, however, I finally decided it was worthwhile to attend college.30在仔細(xì)考慮之后，我最終覺(jué)得上大學(xué)還是值得的。

31.Before we admitted television into our homes, we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time.31在我們把電視請(qǐng)進(jìn)家門(mén)之前，我們從來(lái)不覺(jué)得打發(fā)業(yè)余時(shí)間很困難。

32.Within 30 minutes in front of the TV set, I am widely and promptly informed about things ranging from important domestic events, the latest development in industry and agriculture to the current international situation.32坐在電視機(jī)前30分鐘，我就可以迅速地獲得廣泛的信息從重大的國(guó)內(nèi)事件，工農(nóng)業(yè)上的最新發(fā)展到最新的國(guó)際形勢(shì)等。

33.Some students have become dropouts because through part-time jobs they have found that the more education they have, the less money they earn.33一些學(xué)生退學(xué)了，因?yàn)樗麄兺ㄟ^(guò)兼職工作發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們受的教育越多，賺的錢(qián)就越少。

34.No matter how similar they are, every two friends have differences, and no matter how different they are, as friends, they have at least one similarity: the sincerity towards friendship.34不管多么相似，兩個(gè)朋友他們都會(huì)有不同。不管他們多么不同，作為朋友，至少有一樣是相似的：對(duì)友誼的忠誠(chéng)。

35.That is why most of the programs are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well.35這就是為什么多數(shù)電視節(jié)目如此糟糕的原因：電視節(jié)目不可能既保持高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)又滿足觀眾的需求。

36.That is why there are still a number of people, particularly the old film fans, who show great fondness for cinema.36這就是為什么還有許多人，尤其是老影迷，鐘情于看電影。

37.While building more roads in places where land is less useful, we should increase the number of public bus lines.37一方面在土地不緊張的地方建造更多的道路，另一方面增加公共汽車(chē)線路。

38.Personally, I prefer a balance of both activities so as to provide me with physical training and mental stimulation.38就個(gè)人而言，我更喜歡把身心健康的這兩種活動(dòng)結(jié)合起來(lái)。

39.The demand for skilled personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies.39技術(shù)人員供不應(yīng)求，以至于大公司競(jìng)相招募未完成學(xué)業(yè)的學(xué)生。

40.The computer has the ability to accommodate to individual differences in learning speed, and so I am the one who can control the pace of my lessons.40計(jì)算機(jī)能夠適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)速度的個(gè)體差異。因此，我就想成為能夠控制自己課程進(jìn)度的人。

41.Everyone hopes that others can approve his own understanding ability so that he can stand in an invincible position in competitions.41我們每個(gè)人都希望自己的理解力得到大家的肯定，以便在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中立于不敗之地。

42.School uniforms of the same color and design instill the notion that an organization has greater importance and value than an individual’s creativity.42校服統(tǒng)一的顏色和式樣向?qū)W生灌輸了一種觀念----集體的重要性和價(jià)值高于個(gè)人的創(chuàng)造力。

43.Things in classroom always go like this: teachers ask students to give their own different answers to the questions, but when students do speak up, they seldom get compliment for unique answers.43在教室里的情形通常是這樣的: 老師要求學(xué)生用自己的觀點(diǎn)回答提問(wèn)，而當(dāng)學(xué)生這樣做的時(shí)候，老師卻很少對(duì)其獨(dú)特的回答加以表?yè)P(yáng)。

44.TV news programs often reveal to us events as they happen in other areas while any other news media cannot enjoy this advantage, lacking either in vividness or in timeliness.44電視新聞節(jié)目經(jīng)常給我們展現(xiàn)在別的地方正在生的事情，而其他新聞媒體則無(wú)法享有這種優(yōu)勢(shì)，要么不生動(dòng)，要么缺乏時(shí)效性。

45.They believe that by travelling to the moon and other planets, we can make great scientific advances and perhaps find an alternate place to live before our own plant becomes too crowed or uninhabitable.45他們認(rèn)為，通過(guò)登錄月球及其他行星，我們可以取得重大的科學(xué)進(jìn)步，因此我們或許可以再地球過(guò)度擁擠或變得再也不能居住之前找到其他的住所。

46.I think that the temptation of city life, especially of the cultural atmosphere in big cities, is overwhelming, even though those unsolved troubles are still there.46我認(rèn)為即便城市有許多還未解決的問(wèn)題，但其生活-----特別是其中透著的文化氣息----卻充滿了魅力。

47.In a word, students should be encouraged to take up part-time employment outside school hours, providing this is done within specified time and does not interfere with the demands of study.47總之，應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生在課余時(shí)間做一些兼職，但前提是在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間內(nèi)，不能影響學(xué)習(xí)。

48.A graduate with a wide range of knowledge besides his specialized and practical skills will get on better in society, and such a society will better off as a result.48一個(gè)既懂得專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)和實(shí)際技能又學(xué)識(shí)淵博的畢業(yè)生能夠很快地適應(yīng)社會(huì)，這樣的社會(huì)也會(huì)越來(lái)越好。

49.It is inevitable for urbanization to bring us some sacrifice like the alienation of ourselves from nature.49伴隨著城市化，我們不可避免的要做出一些犧牲，如忍受遠(yuǎn)離大自然之苦。

50.Computer is used so widely that nearly all the fields in which we live have been deeply concerned about.50 計(jì)算機(jī)已被廣泛地應(yīng)用，以致于人們生活的所有領(lǐng)域都與它密切相關(guān)。

第四篇：日常管理制度

餐飲日常管理制度 一

考勤制度

(一)、上下班考勤

考勤采用店長(zhǎng)記錄的方式，考勤單上各類(lèi)假別應(yīng)用不同的符號(hào)或文字加以區(qū)分。因公外出而不能考勤時(shí)，應(yīng)在考勤單上注明外出事由。

（二）、考勤界定及其相關(guān)處理

1、遲到：在規(guī)定的上班時(shí)間未到崗即為遲到。

2、早退：在規(guī)定的下班時(shí)間提前離崗（或中途離崗）即為早退。

3、曠工：無(wú)故缺勤或請(qǐng)假未準(zhǔn)而擅自離崗即為曠工。曠工以“曠一扣三”給予處罰，即曠工一天扣罰三天的工資。曠工三天（含三天）以上，扣除當(dāng)月全部工資、獎(jiǎng)金及其它收入。

4、病假：?jiǎn)T工有病請(qǐng)假必須寫(xiě)請(qǐng)假條。若遇急診，應(yīng)事先電話請(qǐng)假，事后補(bǔ)交請(qǐng)假條。員工因病休假期間，無(wú)工資、獎(jiǎng)金及其它收入。

5、事假：?jiǎn)T工請(qǐng)事假應(yīng)事先提出書(shū)面請(qǐng)假申請(qǐng)，經(jīng)店長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)后方可休假。遇急事不能到店請(qǐng)假時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)電話請(qǐng)假，事后補(bǔ)假條。員工在事假期間，無(wú)工資、獎(jiǎng)金及其它收入。

6、休息：每個(gè)員工每月有四天的休息時(shí)間，休息時(shí)間經(jīng)店長(zhǎng)同意后方可休息。

7、加班：加班給予加班費(fèi)，基本工資/當(dāng)月天數(shù)即為加班工資。

8、辭職：?jiǎn)T工需要辭職的必須提前一個(gè)月書(shū)面申請(qǐng)，經(jīng)同意后方可辭職。自己離職的扣除所有的工資、獎(jiǎng)金。離職工資按正常發(fā)放工資的時(shí)間發(fā)放。

二

衛(wèi)生制度

衛(wèi)生區(qū)域由店長(zhǎng)劃分安排，每天店長(zhǎng)監(jiān)督并檢查，每周一進(jìn)行大掃除，由店長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行全面分工并檢查。

1、餐具：光亮、無(wú)油污、無(wú)異味、無(wú)指紋、分類(lèi)堆放

2、工作臺(tái)：物品堆放整齊合理、不放私人物品、柜門(mén)關(guān)閉正常。

3、門(mén)窗: 無(wú)油污、無(wú)灰塵、光亮清潔

4、個(gè)人衛(wèi)生 ：工作時(shí)間穿工裝，做到整齊干凈，破損、開(kāi)線要及時(shí)補(bǔ)修。

三

宿舍管理制度

1、宿舍實(shí)行室長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)制，全面負(fù)責(zé)宿舍的安全衛(wèi)生工作。

2、室長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)宿舍日常管理工作，安排輪流值班，做好并保持宿舍的清潔、衛(wèi)生。

3、非本餐廳員工未經(jīng)允許不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)宿舍，不得在宿舍會(huì)客，不得帶異性入宿舍，不準(zhǔn)留宿。否則宿舍內(nèi)丟失物品由該人或相應(yīng)人員負(fù)責(zé)，并給予處罰。

4、不要私自動(dòng)用他人物品，愛(ài)清潔、講衛(wèi)生，個(gè)人衣服、被褥勤洗勤換 不得高聲喧嘩，不得吵鬧，不得影響他人休息，不得聚眾賭博、飲酒。

5、搞好鄰里關(guān)系，不得在樓道高聲喧嘩、跑動(dòng)、打鬧。

6、店長(zhǎng)對(duì)宿舍進(jìn)行不定期的檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，對(duì)責(zé)任人給予相應(yīng)的處罰。

7、宿舍水電費(fèi)由住宿人員承擔(dān)5%/人，剩余部分公司全部承擔(dān)，處處勤儉節(jié)約。

四 值班制度

1、各崗位按需求安排工作值班人員，最少1名；

2、店長(zhǎng)按情況，對(duì)值班工作人員進(jìn)行分工，作好收尾工作；

3、值班人員不得用任何方式催促客人用餐；

4、值班人員要將所值臺(tái)位的清潔衛(wèi)生整理干凈，并確定所有門(mén)窗全關(guān)好，電源全關(guān)好

5、值班管理人員在離開(kāi)前全場(chǎng)檢查并確認(rèn)無(wú)安全隱患方可離開(kāi)

五消防安全制度

（一）、安全守則

1、嚴(yán)格遵守本店制定的各項(xiàng)安全制度，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行安全操作規(guī)程，正確使用各項(xiàng)設(shè)備。

2、嚴(yán)格遵守國(guó)家的各項(xiàng)法規(guī)、法令、條例，發(fā)現(xiàn)違法行為應(yīng)立即制止并及時(shí)報(bào)告有關(guān)部門(mén)，對(duì)包庇或知情不報(bào)者，將予以嚴(yán)肅處理。

3、熟知本部門(mén)、本崗位的安全狀況，認(rèn)真慣切執(zhí)行“誰(shuí)主管誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)，誰(shuí)在崗誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)、誰(shuí)操作誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)”的安全崗位責(zé)任制。

4、員工必須了解消防常識(shí)，熟記報(bào)警電話，熟練掌握消防器材的使用方法，人人重視消防安全工作。

5、嚴(yán)禁將管制刀具、槍支彈藥、劇毒物品、易燃易爆物品帶入店內(nèi)，發(fā)現(xiàn)以上物品要及時(shí)報(bào)告店長(zhǎng)。

6、不得擅自動(dòng)用和挪動(dòng)各種消防設(shè)施、設(shè)備和消防工具。

7、消防設(shè)備、設(shè)施、易燃易爆設(shè)備設(shè)施實(shí)行專(zhuān)人負(fù)責(zé)制，定期進(jìn)行消防安全檢查，消除安全隱患。

8、員工應(yīng)加強(qiáng)消防意識(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)隱患應(yīng)及時(shí)處理，嚴(yán)禁亂扔煙頭、火柴。(廚房每天下班關(guān)閉煤氣, 檢查并確認(rèn)無(wú)安全隱患等)

（二）、報(bào)警措施

發(fā)生火情，應(yīng)保持鎮(zhèn)靜，不可驚慌，并采取如下措施：

1、迅速關(guān)閉電源、氣源。

2、電話報(bào)警119，清晰準(zhǔn)確報(bào)告火警地點(diǎn)、燃燒物質(zhì)、火勢(shì)情況。

3、服從統(tǒng)一指揮，引導(dǎo)人員從安全通道撤離。

六 服務(wù)管理制度

1、必須有職業(yè)道德,熱愛(ài)本職工作，認(rèn)真遵守各項(xiàng)規(guī)章制度,無(wú)條件的服從上級(jí)的工作安排及調(diào)動(dòng)管理，主動(dòng)認(rèn)真，自覺(jué)地完成各項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

2、耐心解答客人提問(wèn)，避免與客人發(fā)生頂撞、爭(zhēng)吵。

3、熟悉業(yè)務(wù)知識(shí)、準(zhǔn)確掌握開(kāi)餐時(shí)間及人數(shù)。

4、每天做好餐前準(zhǔn)備，做到環(huán)境、餐具，明亮、干凈，餐后做好快撤工作。

5、服務(wù)態(tài)度：熱情大方、周到主動(dòng)、耐心細(xì)致、面帶微笑，不得帶情緒上班。

6、上班時(shí)不得閑談、吃 零時(shí)、吹口哨、串崗，嚴(yán)禁在工作崗位高聲 喧嘩。

8、工作時(shí)間，不準(zhǔn)玩手機(jī)喝酒,抽煙,打鬧嬉戲.9、嚴(yán)禁吵架、打架、不得拉幫結(jié)派，同事之間要相互尊重，說(shuō)話要謙虛禮貌，待人熱情，語(yǔ)言要文明，不說(shuō)臟話，團(tuán)結(jié)互助，共同完成任務(wù)。

10、不得在客人面前做不雅動(dòng)作，如剪指甲、掏耳、剔牙、打哈欠、伸懶腰。

11、要有拾金不昧的精神，在餐廳拾到客人遺失的東西，主動(dòng)上交，不做不道德的事，不貪不利之財(cái)。

12、一切電器操作工具，必須探險(xiǎn)操作程序進(jìn)行，杜絕一切可能發(fā)生的隱患。

13、員工應(yīng)不斷提高自己的業(yè)務(wù)水平和服務(wù)技能，掌握和熟練一切服務(wù)程序，使自己成為一名優(yōu)秀的餐飲從業(yè)人員。

七福利制度

1.員工消費(fèi)給予8折優(yōu)惠。

2.每周營(yíng)業(yè)額超過(guò)3.5萬(wàn)元聚餐一次，消費(fèi)金額500以?xún)?nèi)，每天營(yíng)業(yè)額超過(guò)7000元獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)現(xiàn)金當(dāng)天出勤人員20元/人，超過(guò)8000元，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)現(xiàn)金當(dāng)天出勤人員50元/人。

第五篇：工作日常

日用陶瓷:人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪斜夭豢缮俚纳钣么桑?/p>

鉛溶出量、鎘溶出量

釉中彩、釉下彩、色釉瓷、白瓷的鉛溶出量、鎘溶出量極少或幾乎沒(méi)有，釉上彩鉛溶出量、鎘溶出量也很低，極少數(shù)采用劣質(zhì)顏料或在花面設(shè)計(jì)上對(duì)含鉛。鎘高的顏料用量過(guò)大；

建筑陶瓷：建筑物室內(nèi)外裝飾用較高級(jí)的燒土制晶，它屬精陶或粗陶類(lèi)，其主要品種有外墻面磚、內(nèi)墻面磚、地磚、陶瓷錦磚、陶瓷壁畫(huà)等。（原料處理-成型-煅燒）；

電磁：使用用與電力系統(tǒng)重要起支撐和絕緣作用的部件，有時(shí)兼做其它電氣部件的容器，因此，對(duì)其機(jī)械性能、電氣性能、耐環(huán)境性能（熱冷、抗污穢、老化等）有較高的要求；

化工陶瓷：用于制造化工設(shè)備中耐酸腐蝕部件的陶瓷。

特種陶瓷：按其功能分類(lèi)，大體可分為高強(qiáng)度、耐高溫和復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)陶瓷及電工電子功能陶瓷兩大類(lèi)。（1360度左右高溫?zé)Y(jié)成型）。