第一篇：西柏坡英文導(dǎo)游詞

西柏坡位于河北省石家莊市平山縣中部，總面積為 16440平方米，曾是中共中央所在地，黨中央和毛主席在此指揮了震驚中外的遼沈、淮海、平津三大戰(zhàn)役，召開了具有偉大歷史意義的七屆二中全會(huì)和全國(guó)土地會(huì)議，解放全中國(guó)，故有“新中國(guó)從這里走來”、“中國(guó)命運(yùn)定于此村”的美譽(yù)。小編為你整理了西柏坡英文導(dǎo)游詞，希望對(duì)你有所參考幫助。

Xibaipo, a name echoing the glory of China's revolutionary history, is an ordinary 100-household village located in Pingshan county, Hebei Province.In May 1947, the Party's Working Committee chose this location and in May 1948, under the leadership of Comrade Mao Tse-tung, the Party's Central Committee and the headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army moved to this village.This made it the last rural command center prior to the decisive battles between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang.Xibaipo's unique contribution to the revolution has thus bestowed upon it a name that shines in the history books of the Chinese revolution, setting up a historical monument with eternal glory.In 1991 Zhu Muzhi, who was Minister of the Information Office of the State Council then, wrote this inscription for Xibaipo: “The destiny of China was determined in this village.” His inscription speaks highly of Xibaipo's historical status in China’s revolution.“New China set off from here” is a famous comment attributed to the writer Yan Tao when he wrote a literary report on Xibaipo, entitled “Notes on the Road to the East.” This comment was also used as a subtitle for the document, and is now widely quoted as the best synopsis of Xibaipo's historic contribution.Xibaipo was selected to be the command center for both the liberating of China and the planning of New China for various reasons.Not only did its unique geographic location and natural surroundings best suit this purpose, Xibaipo also had developed into a strong revolutionary base over the years and therefore stood out for its political preeminence.Xibaipo is a small village located on the northern banks of the Hutuo River running through the Jixi mountainous region.Not only does it have beautiful scenery, but also rich and fertile soil.The village is located in the middle of Pingshan county, at the crossroads between the North China Plateau and Taihang Mountain.Poised in a horse-foot-shaped valley oriented toward the sun, Xibaipo is surrounded by mountains on its three sides and by water on one side.To its west, it embraces the gateway to Taihang Mountain, and to its east, it borders the Jizhong Plateau.The village is only 90 km from Shijiazhuang, a strategically important city in the North China region.Xibaipo enjoys convenient transportation facilities and is distinguished as a military location of strategic importance.Occupying this location provides for flexibility in either withdrawing into the mountains at a time of emergency or for advancing into cities when necessary.Revolutionary activity started early in Pingshan county.During the period of the Great Revolution in the 1920s, the Party set up its own organization here.By 1946, there were 608 branch offices, and the number of Party members had increased to 19,535, from just 30 members in 1931.The party gained popular support at the grassroots level.After the War against the Japanese Invasion, Pingshan county was surrounded by two revolutionary bases, i.e.Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei and Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-He’nan, and located here were the command posts of the 4th as well as the 2nd military sub-areas within the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei region.The headquarters of the Party's Northern Bureau, the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei Regional Government and the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei Military Region were also located in Pingshan county for three and half years.Pingshan is seen as a model county in the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei region, and Xibaipo regarded as a model village.Xibaipo set up its Party organization in 1937.By 1948, the number of Party members had increased to 40 members coming from 33 households, accounting for 12.3% of the total population and 33% of the total number of households.In the neighboring area, the villages were lined up quite densely along the Hutuo River, with an average distance of 1 to 2 km from each other.Xibaipo was close to both the mountains and the river, and known for its rich and fertile soil.Given its favorable agricultural conditions, Xibaipo has two harvest seasons each year.When commenting on the economic conditions in Xibaipo and Pingshan, General Nie Rongzhen noted: “Pingshan County can be perceived as the Ukraine of the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei region.” The relatively developed agricultural economy helped to guarantee logistic support to both troops and the common people, and provided a material base for the Party's Central Committee.The Party's Working Committee selected Xibaipo as the optimal place for various reasons, including its favorable geographic location, its relatively developed economy, its consistent grassroots support and the reasonable spread of villages.After an intense period of planning, the Party's Working Committee was set up on July 12, 1947.In order to adapt to the ongoing war, the Working Committee was publicly known as “The Workers' School” and “The Laborers' University.” Liu Shao-chi was appointed the Headmaster, being called “Headmaster Hu”(Hu Fu being Liu’s pseudonym).Chu Teh was appointed Director of the school board, and was called the Board-Director Chu.After the Working Committee relocated to Xibaipo, it assisted in the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei field operations winning 4 big battles, which annihilated 62,000 enemy troops.Among them, the most famous one was the battle that resulted in the liberation of Shijiazhuang.The liberation of Shijiazhuang connected two liberated areas, i.e.Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei and the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-He’nan.Not only did the victory lay a foundation for integrating the North China region, it also created favorable conditions for the relocation of the Party's Central Committee to this area.On March 20, 1948, the Party's Central Committee made a decision to join the Working Committee and relocate to the North China region.On March 23rd, under the leadership of Mao Tse-tung, Chou En-lai and Ren Bishi, the Central Committee crossed the Yellow River at Chuankou in Shanxi Province's Wupu county Shanxiand headed east to Xibaipo, leaving the Shanbei Revolutionary Base where they had worked and lived for 13 years.On March 24th, they arrived at the stationing location of the Working Committee's rear office, i.e.Shuangta village in Shanxi Province's Lin county.On April 11th, they arrived at the posts of Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei Military Regional Command, located at Chengnan village in Fuping county.On April 23rd, Chou En-lai and Ren Bishi, leading an advance group, arrived at Xibaipo and finally successfully joined up with the Working Committee.On May 1st, the Central Committee started its operations in Xibaipo, while the

operations of the Party's Front Office, Working Committee and Rear Office were all simultaneously discharged.Because Mao Tse-tung was preparing for negotiations to be held in the USSR at the time, he remained in Fuping awhile and arrived in Xibaipo on May 26th.By then, the Central Committee's five Secretary-Generals had finally reunited in Xibaipo after one year of separation.The reunion marked the successful completion of the strategic relocation organized by the Central Committee.Now, Xibaipo became the leadership nucleus for the Chinese revolution.On March 23, 1949, the headquarters of the Party's Central Committee, the Military Central Committee and the Chinese People's Liberation Army set off from Xibaipo and advanced towards Beiping.Prior to departure, Mao Tse-tung collected all cadres and security personnel within the Central Committee and reminded them: “We are about to enter Beiping.Our entry into this city should be different from that of Li Zicheng.They became corrupted in Beijing.We Communists will continue our revolutionary activities and construct socialism until the realization of communism.”

The Party's Central Committee, though only residing in Xibaipo for ten months, had inscribed a remarkable chapter in China's revolutionary-history books.This period of time saw the sunrise of a new China.Just like Jing Gangshan, Ruijin and Yan’an, Xibaipo became one of the revered sites of the Chinese revolution.On February 26, 1973, Chou En-lai wrote a inscription for Xibaipo: “Xibaipo is the last rural command center before Chairman Mao and the Party's Central Committee entered Beiping, liberating China.It was in Xibaipo that the Central Committee commanded the Three Major Campaigns and convened the 2nd Plenary Session of the 7th Central Committee”

In 1956 the Hubei provincial government designated the original site of the Central Committee as a historical artifacts preservation unit.Due to the construction of the Hangnan Dam in 1958, the original site was flooded and removed to a hillside to the north of the village.The currently restored buildings were in the central courtyard located to the east of Xibaipo, occupying an area of 16,440 sq m.The restored buildings’ original appearance has been basically preserved.When the Working Committee started relocating to Xibaipo, there were no surrounding walls.When the Party's Central Committee moved in, 2-m-high earthen walls were built behind the residences of Mao Tse-tung, Liu Shao-chi, Chou En-lai and Ren Bishi, due to security considerations.In addition, air-raid shelters were built on the hillside behind their houses.Upon entry into the area of the Xibaipo Memorial Museum, you will see a grand Xibaipo Memorial Monument standing amidst lush green cypress and pine trees.The name of the monument, “Xibaipo,” was inscribed by Deng Xiaoping.Comrade Jiang Zemin wrote an inscription during his visit to Xibaipo on September 21, 1991: “Bear in mind the two musts, and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.”

Four major historical scenes were artistically carved in relief around the monument, i.e.the Central Committee's arrival in Xibaipo;the National Land Conference;the Three Major Campaigns;the full meeting of the 2nd Session of the 7th Central Committee;and the entry into Beiping.All these carvings vividly demonstrate the historical contributions made by Xibaipo and the activities undertaken by the Party during that period of time.On either sides of the monument stand the original site of the Party's Central Committee and the Xibaipo Memorial Museum.On March 11, 1982, the State Council designated the original location of the Party's Central Committee at Xibaipo as a national-level historical artifacts preservation site.Like Jinggang Mountains and Yan’an, Xibaipo is one of the 100 educational bases for patriotism, designated by the Ministry of Publicity and is a well-known memorial site of Chinese revolutionary history.Now Xibaipo faces the blue ripples of Xibaipo Lake and is nestled against lush green Xibaipo Ridge.The scenery is harmonious, delightful and uniquely charming.Xibaipo has become a national model work unit for the development of spiritual civilization, and one of the major national scenic sites with a AAAA rating.The former Deputy Premier of the State Council, Mr.Qian Qishen, once described Xibaipo as “a revered revolutionary site and a enchanting tourist site.”We all experience ups and downs in our endeavors, and when we turn to Xibaipo, we shall find the path to victory.Xibaipo-a “red tourism” scenic site!

第二篇：西柏坡英文導(dǎo)游詞

Xibaipo, a name echoing the glory of China's revolutionary history, is an ordinary 100-household village located in Pingshan county, Hebei Province.In May 1947, the Party's Working Committee chose this location and in May 1948, under the leadership of Comrade Mao Tse-tung, the Party's Central Committee and the headquarters of the Chinese People's Liberation Army moved to this village.This made it the last rural command center prior to the decisive battles between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang.Xibaipo's unique contribution to the revolution has thus bestowed upon it a name that shines in the history books of the Chinese revolution, setting up a historical monument with eternal glory.In 1991 Zhu Muzhi, who was Minister of the Information Office of the State Council then, wrote this inscription for Xibaipo: “The destiny of China was determined in this village.” His inscription speaks highly of Xibaipo's historical status in China’s revolution.“New China set off from here” is a famous comment attributed to the writer Yan Tao when he wrote a literary report on Xibaipo, entitled “Notes on the Road to the East.” This comment was also used as a subtitle for the document, and is now widely quoted as the best synopsis of Xibaipo's historic contribution.Xibaipo was selected to be the command center for both the liberating of China and the planning of New China for various reasons.Not only did its unique geographic location and natural surroundings best suit this purpose, Xibaipo also had developed into a strong revolutionary base over the years and therefore stood out for its political preeminence.Xibaipo is a small village located on the northern banks of the Hutuo River running through the Jixi mountainous region.Not only does it have beautiful scenery, but also rich and fertile soil.The village is located in the middle of Pingshan county, at the crossroads between the North China Plateau and Taihang Mountain.Poised in a horse-foot-shaped valley oriented toward the sun, Xibaipo is surrounded by mountains on its three sides and by water on one side.To its west, it embraces the gateway to Taihang Mountain, and to its east, it borders the Jizhong Plateau.The village is only 90 km from Shijiazhuang, a strategically important city in the North China region.Xibaipo enjoys convenient transportation facilities and is distinguished as a military location of strategic importance.Occupying this location provides for flexibility in either withdrawing into the mountains at a time of emergency or for advancing into cities when necessary.Revolutionary activity started early in Pingshan county.During the period of the Great Revolution in the 1920s, the Party set up its own organization here.By 1946, there were 608 branch offices, and the number of Party members had increased to 19,535, from just 30 members in 1931.The party gained popular support at the grassroots level.After the War against the Japanese Invasion, Pingshan county was surrounded by two revolutionary bases, i.e.Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei and Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-He’nan, and located here were the command posts of the 4th as well as the 2nd military sub-areas within the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei region.The headquarters of the Party's Northern Bureau, the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei Regional Government and the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei Military Region were also located in Pingshan county for three and half years.Pingshan is seen as a model county in the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei region, and Xibaipo regarded as a model village.Xibaipo set up its Party organization in 1937.By 1948, the number of Party members had increased to 40 members coming from 33 households, accounting for 12.3% of the total population and 33% of the total number of households.In the neighboring area, the villages were lined up quite densely along the Hutuo River, with an average distance of 1 to 2 km from each other.Xibaipo was close to both the mountains and the river, and known for its rich and fertile soil.Given its favorable agricultural conditions, Xibaipo has two harvest seasons each year.When commenting on the economic conditions in Xibaipo and Pingshan, General Nie Rongzhen noted: “Pingshan County can be perceived as the Ukraine of the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei region.” The relatively developed agricultural economy helped to guarantee logistic support to both troops and the common people, and provided a material base for the Party's Central Committee.The Party's Working Committee selected Xibaipo as the optimal place for various reasons, including its favorable geographic location, its relatively developed economy, its consistent grassroots support and the reasonable spread of villages.After an intense period of planning, the Party's Working Committee was set up on July 12, 1947.In order to adapt to the ongoing war, the Working Committee was publicly known as “The Workers' School” and “The Laborers' University.” Liu Shao-chi was appointed the Headmaster, being called “Headmaster Hu”(Hu Fu being Liu’s pseudonym).Chu Teh was appointed Director of the school board, and was called the Board-Director Chu.After the Working Committee relocated to Xibaipo, it assisted in the Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei field operations winning 4 big battles, which annihilated 62,000 enemy troops.Among them, the most famous one was the battle that resulted in the liberation of Shijiazhuang.The liberation of Shijiazhuang connected two liberated areas, i.e.Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei and the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-He’nan.Not only did the victory lay a foundation for integrating the North China region, it also created favorable conditions for the relocation of the Party's Central Committee to this area.On March 20, 1948, the Party's Central Committee made a decision to join the Working Committee and relocate to the North China region.On March 23rd, under the leadership of Mao Tse-tung, Chou En-lai and Ren Bishi, the Central Committee crossed the Yellow River at Chuankou in Shanxi Province's Wupu county Shanxiand headed east to Xibaipo, leaving the Shanbei Revolutionary Base where they had worked and lived for 13 years.On March 24th, they arrived at the stationing location of the Working Committee's rear office, i.e.Shuangta village in Shanxi Province's Lin county.On April 11th, they arrived at the posts of Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei Military Regional Command, located at Chengnan village in Fuping county.On April 23rd, Chou En-lai and Ren Bishi, leading an advance group, arrived at Xibaipo and finally successfully joined up with the Working Committee.On May 1st, the Central Committee started its operations in Xibaipo, while the operations of the Party's Front Office, Working Committee and Rear Office were all simultaneously discharged.Because Mao Tse-tung was preparing for negotiations to be held in the USSR at the time, he remained in Fuping awhile and arrived in Xibaipo on May 26th.By then, the Central Committee's five Secretary-Generals had finally reunited in Xibaipo after one year of separation.The reunion marked the successful completion of the strategic relocation organized by the Central Committee.Now, Xibaipo became the leadership nucleus for the Chinese revolution.On March 23, 1949, the headquarters of the Party's Central Committee, the Military Central Committee and the Chinese People's Liberation Army set off from Xibaipo and advanced towards Beiping.Prior to departure, Mao Tse-tung collected all cadres and security personnel within the Central Committee and reminded them: “We are about to enter Beiping.Our entry into this city should be different from that of Li Zicheng.They became corrupted in Beijing.We Communists will continue our revolutionary activities and construct socialism until the realization of communism.”

The Party's Central Committee, though only residing in Xibaipo for ten months, had inscribed a remarkable chapter in China's revolutionary-history books.This period of time saw the sunrise of a new China.Just like Jing Gangshan, Ruijin and Yan’an, Xibaipo became one of the revered sites of the Chinese revolution.On February 26, 1973, Chou En-lai wrote a inscription for Xibaipo: “Xibaipo is the last rural command center before Chairman Mao and the Party's Central Committee entered Beiping, liberating China.It was in Xibaipo that the Central Committee commanded the Three Major Campaigns and convened the 2nd Plenary Session of the 7th Central Committee”

In 1956 the Hubei provincial government designated the original site of the Central Committee as a historical artifacts preservation unit.Due to the construction of the Hangnan Dam in 1958, the original site was flooded and removed to a hillside to the north of the village.The currently restored buildings were in the central courtyard located to the east of Xibaipo, occupying an area of 16,440 sq m.The restored buildings’ original appearance has been basically preserved.When the Working Committee started relocating to Xibaipo, there were no surrounding walls.When the Party's Central Committee moved in, 2-m-high earthen walls were built behind the residences of Mao Tse-tung, Liu Shao-chi, Chou En-lai and Ren Bishi, due to security considerations.In addition, air-raid shelters were built on the hillside behind their houses.Upon entry into the area of the Xibaipo Memorial Museum, you will see a grand Xibaipo Memorial Monument standing amidst lush green cypress and pine trees.The name of the monument, “Xibaipo,” was inscribed by Deng Xiaoping.Comrade Jiang Zemin wrote an inscription during his visit to Xibaipo on September 21, 1991: “Bear in mind the two musts, and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.” Four major historical scenes were artistically carved in relief around the monument, i.e.the Central Committee's arrival in Xibaipo;the National Land Conference;the Three Major Campaigns;the full meeting of the 2nd Session of the 7th Central Committee;and the entry into Beiping.All these carvings vividly demonstrate the historical contributions made by Xibaipo and the activities undertaken by the Party during that period of time.On either sides of the monument stand the original site of the Party's Central Committee and the Xibaipo Memorial Museum.On March 11, 1982, the State Council designated the original location of the Party's Central Committee at Xibaipo as a national-level historical artifacts preservation site.Like Jinggang Mountains and Yan’an, Xibaipo is one of the 100 educational bases for patriotism, designated by the Ministry of Publicity and is a well-known memorial site of Chinese revolutionary history.Now Xibaipo faces the blue ripples of Xibaipo Lake and is nestled against lush green Xibaipo Ridge.The scenery is harmonious, delightful and uniquely charming.Xibaipo has become a national model work unit for the development of spiritual civilization, and one of the major national scenic sites with a AAAA rating.The former Deputy Premier of the State Council, Mr.Qian Qishen, once described Xibaipo as “a revered revolutionary site and a enchanting tourist site.”

We all experience ups and downs in our endeavors, and when we turn to Xibaipo, we shall find the path to victory.Xibaipo-a “red tourism” scenic site!

第三篇：西柏坡面試導(dǎo)游詞

西柏坡導(dǎo)游詞

各位游客朋友，大家好，歡迎到西柏坡中共中央舊址參觀學(xué)習(xí)。我代表星星旅行社和司機(jī)師傅對(duì)大家的到來表示熱烈歡迎。,我是大家本次游覽的導(dǎo)游，我叫高夢(mèng)帆，對(duì)，就是夢(mèng)想的夢(mèng)，一帆風(fēng)順的帆。大家可以叫我小高，很榮幸能為大家服務(wù)，我會(huì)盡我的能力讓大家玩得開心，吃得放心。希望我的服務(wù)能使大家滿意。這是我們的司機(jī)，鄭師傅，他的車牌號(hào)是12345，咱們的鄭師傅已有多年的駕齡，大家大可把自己放心的交給鄭師傅。最后，預(yù)祝我們有一個(gè)愉快美好的旅程

西柏坡是河北省平山縣境內(nèi)一個(gè)普通的小山村，但它卻似一顆璀璨的明珠鑲嵌于太行山東麓的滹沱河畔，成為令中外游客敬仰的圣地。這一切都是緣于20世紀(jì)40年代后期，一代偉人毛澤東和他的戰(zhàn)友們?cè)谶@里縱橫捭闔，指揮若定，譜寫了一曲壯麗輝煌的贊歌，迎來了新中國(guó)的曙光。周恩來曾經(jīng)指出：“西柏坡是毛主席和黨中央進(jìn)入北平，解放全中國(guó)的最后一個(gè)農(nóng)村指揮所，指揮三大戰(zhàn)役在此，開黨的七屆二中全會(huì)在此?！?988年黃鎮(zhèn)將軍參觀西柏坡時(shí)題詞“新中國(guó)從這里走來”。

1958年，因修建崗南水庫，革命被迫搬遷。我們現(xiàn)在所見到的西柏坡舊址是1970年進(jìn)行的復(fù)原建筑，占地16440平方米。大家看前方，展現(xiàn)在我們面前的就是中共中央舊址，首先看到的是董必武同志的舊居。1947年5月，董必武同志隨同中央工委由陜北來到西柏坡，在這里工作、生活了近兩年時(shí)間。院里的海棠、杏梅、翠竹等都是當(dāng)年董老和夫人何蓮芝同志在工作之余親手栽種的。董老的生活非常艱苦，睡的是農(nóng)家土炕，蓋的是延安大生產(chǎn)時(shí)織的毛毯?？簧系倪@架紡車就是何蓮芝同志當(dāng)年紡線用的。

穿過劉少奇同志的舊居，我們看到前面的軍委作戰(zhàn)室。軍委作戰(zhàn)室內(nèi)設(shè)作戰(zhàn)、情報(bào)、戰(zhàn)史資料等三個(gè)科。它們的具體工作任務(wù)是研究匯集敵我雙方的作戰(zhàn)情況，及時(shí)向黨中央、毛主席匯報(bào)，并根據(jù)黨中央、毛主席的指示下達(dá)命令。

當(dāng)時(shí)這里的工作和生活條件十分艱苦，工作人員繪圖、制表用的紅藍(lán)鉛筆都是從敵人手里繳獲來的。為了節(jié)省鉛筆，他們就用紅藍(lán)毛線在墻上這張軍用地圖上標(biāo)圖。1975年，特赦后的國(guó)民黨第十二兵團(tuán)司令黃維看到這四間小平房后，無限感慨地說，毛主席真是英明偉大，在這四間小平房里就把國(guó)民黨的幾百萬軍隊(duì)給打敗了，國(guó)民黨當(dāng)敗，蔣介石當(dāng)敗啊!

毛澤東主席是1948年5月來到西柏坡的。一直到1949年3月，毛澤東就是在這座普通的山村農(nóng)舍里，為中國(guó)人民的解放事業(yè)日夜操勞。這座普通的民宅為前后兩個(gè)小院。甬路西邊有一個(gè)磨盤和一個(gè)豬圈，毛主席和朱德、少奇等領(lǐng)導(dǎo)同志，經(jīng)常圍坐在磨盤旁、楸樹下研究戰(zhàn)局。后來曾有人風(fēng)趣地稱為：磨盤上布下雄兵百萬。穿過任弼時(shí)同志的舊居，展現(xiàn)在我們面前的是周總理的舊居。大家隨我來，這三間窯洞式的屋子是朱德同志的舊居，本來準(zhǔn)備讓毛主席住?？擅飨X得朱總司令上了年紀(jì)，堅(jiān)持讓朱總司令去住。窯洞西間是朱總司令的辦公室，中間是會(huì)客室，東間是寢室。

這間南北狹長(zhǎng)的小土屋是七屆二中全會(huì)會(huì)址。1949年3月5日至13日，黨的七屆二中全會(huì)就是在這所房子里召開的，這里是中央工委自己動(dòng)手建造的大伙房，開會(huì)時(shí)臨時(shí)布置成了會(huì)場(chǎng)。黨的七屆二中全會(huì)結(jié)束后十天，中共中央和解放軍總隊(duì)離開西柏坡遷往北平。

好了，我們的西柏坡之旅馬上就要結(jié)束啦！想當(dāng)年毛主席同老一輩革命家艱苦奮斗，開創(chuàng)了今天的安寧平靜社會(huì)，我們是不是應(yīng)該好好珍惜這來之不易的生

活呢？一天的時(shí)光是短暫的也是開心的，希望我們大家能珍視這份友誼。如果大家對(duì)我的服務(wù)有什么不滿在此說聲對(duì)不起了，有什么意見和建議也敬請(qǐng)指出，我很樂意傾聽，并且會(huì)積極改進(jìn)，希望下次再見時(shí)一定做到讓大家滿意。最后，祝大家今后的生活像今天的陽光一樣燦爛！謝謝大家今天的支持和配合，謝謝大家！

人心馳神往的地方。她是上天撒落在華北平原的一串珍珠，千百年來散射著迷人的 光輝。

白洋淀最大最有名氣的水淀要數(shù)撈王淀了，為什么叫撈王淀呢?這還是根據(jù)一段傳說故事。當(dāng)年乾隆皇帝出巡來到白洋淀，朝中的文武百官列隊(duì)相陪，浩浩蕩蕩的，顯示著皇家的威風(fēng)。一天，乾隆帝乘舟入淀，微風(fēng)吹拂，荷花東搖西擺，像在頻頻招手，不由詩興大發(fā)，出了上聯(lián)“風(fēng)擺荷葉千張餅”，他讓和珅對(duì)下聯(lián)，從遠(yuǎn)古“高岸為谷、深谷為陵”的地質(zhì)變遷，到大禹治水、黃河易道的水系演變；從東漢末年開鑿五渠以運(yùn)軍需，到北宋時(shí)期 “貯水屯田”以御遼敵，白洋淀身經(jīng)澤枯之?dāng)?shù)，歷盡桑海之變。歲月悠然，昔時(shí)“北地江南”。今日已成“華北明珠”。乃是 華北地區(qū)最大的生態(tài)濕地。

如今，三百六十余平方公里的白洋淀。擁有一百多個(gè)淀泊、三千多條溝壕、五萬多畝荷花、幾十個(gè)村莊島嶼。她上承九水之澤，藏風(fēng)聚氣；下通海河之津，浪遠(yuǎn)天澄。鳥瞰白洋淀，淀塘交錯(cuò)，溝壕縱橫；徜徉白洋水，荷香葦綠。蟹美魚肥。從“鴨圈印月”、“長(zhǎng)鉤垂釣”到“十里荷香”、“金沙落照”，足令人流連忘返，樂而忘憂一真可謂“地靈川秀、景物天成！城任丘，沐明珠之秀澤，扼京國(guó)之 咽喉，宿儒名臣，連鑲接踵，自古即有“人物甲于三輔”之譽(yù)。這里是神醫(yī)扁鵲的家鄉(xiāng)，一部《難經(jīng)》樹起中華傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)的豐 碑；這里是經(jīng)學(xué)大家韓嬰之故里，十卷《韓詩》使詩經(jīng)文化浩瀚成流、蔚為大觀！這里有三國(guó)名將張部，有北齊才士邢邵，有 大明宰相李時(shí)。有“北隨園”邊連寶??可謂英賢輩出、燦若星河！

至明清時(shí)期，白洋淀深廣四通、望若江湖，京德古御道縱穿其間。無論達(dá)官顯貴還是文人騷客皆心馳神往。登船載酒，覽上池 之水；吟詩作賦，逸古今之思。就連康熙、乾隆帝也常于“萬機(jī)有暇”之際，駐躥白洋，水圍遣興，并留下了“可笑當(dāng)年巡幸 遠(yuǎn)，依稀吳越到行營(yíng)”的感情！從而使白洋淀成為盛極一時(shí)的文化圣地和名勝景區(qū)。

然而曾幾何時(shí)，這里卻是刀光劍影、滾滾狼煙的邊塞古戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)！

“風(fēng)蕭蕭兮易水寒，壯士一去兮不復(fù)還”。白洋淀北易水河畔。正是當(dāng)年燕國(guó)太子丹送荊輛刺秦王的離別之地，而今故道雖湮，風(fēng)猶冽冽；淀邊“十營(yíng)九塢”的村鎮(zhèn)。原是北宋名將楊六郎屯兵御遼的軍營(yíng)堡壘，經(jīng)千年風(fēng)剝雨蝕，早已蕩然無存；而明朝 燕王朱棣引兵修筑臺(tái)田、表記軍功的“樂駕臺(tái)”，雖依稀難辨，亦令人思接千載、浮想聯(lián)翩??

美麗的白洋淀，已然把感慨悲歌的燕趙風(fēng)骨和清純無染的荷花神韻融為一體，形成了自己文武兼具、剛?cè)嵯酀?jì)的文化個(gè)性，世 代承傳，愈久愈醇。白洋淀農(nóng)家院

“小兵張嘎”和“雁翎隊(duì)”縱橫蘆葦蕩勇殺日寇的傳奇故事，每每令人回

腸蕩氣、擊節(jié)三嘆；而孫犁先生筆下的《白洋淀紀(jì)事 》，更是開創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)代文學(xué)的“荷花淀派”，讓白洋淀蜚聲海外、活色生香??

水涵荷韻風(fēng)煙凈，波潤(rùn)明珠待君來。

好了，我們的西柏坡之旅馬上就要結(jié)束啦！想當(dāng)年毛主席同老一輩革命家艱苦奮斗，開創(chuàng)了今天的安寧平靜社會(huì)，我們是不是應(yīng)該好好珍惜這來之不易的生活呢？，一天的旅程是短暫的也是愉快的。相見時(shí)難別亦難，希望大家能夠珍視這份友誼。很感謝大家在旅游過程中的支持與配合，如果我有什么服務(wù)不周的地方，在此我向大家說聲對(duì)不起 希望大家能夠諒解。如果大家有什么意見建議也可以和我說，我一定欣然接受。最后，祝大家在今后的生活中平安 幸福。

第四篇：西柏坡紀(jì)念館導(dǎo)游詞

導(dǎo)游詞是導(dǎo)游人員引導(dǎo)游客觀光游覽時(shí)的講解詞，是導(dǎo)游員同游客交流思想，向游客傳播文化知識(shí)的工具，也是應(yīng)用寫作研究的文體之一。下面就是小編整理的西柏坡紀(jì)念館導(dǎo)游詞，一起來看一下吧。

序 廳

大家好!歡迎您到西柏坡紀(jì)念館參觀，很高興為您做講解服務(wù)!

西柏坡紀(jì)念館始建于1976年10月，1978年5月26日為紀(jì)念中共中央移駐西柏坡三十周年正式對(duì)外開放。經(jīng)過多次修改完善，現(xiàn)在的展覽有三層院落，十二個(gè)展廳。您現(xiàn)在所在的是紀(jì)念館的序廳，大家迎面看到的是第七屆中央委員會(huì)77位中央委員和中央候補(bǔ)委員組成的大型銅雕，它的背景是雄偉綿延的太行山脈和西柏坡中央大院，下方“新中國(guó)從這里走來”這八個(gè)大字，是1988年原文化部部長(zhǎng)黃鎮(zhèn)到西柏坡參觀時(shí)為我館的題詞，也是我們整個(gè)展覽的主題。銅雕兩側(cè)是具有里程碑意義的四處革命紀(jì)念地，上海一大會(huì)址、井岡山、遵義、延安組成的淺浮雕群。個(gè)序廳寓意著中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨經(jīng)過28年艱苦卓絕的斗爭(zhēng)，終于從西柏坡這個(gè)普通的小山村走進(jìn)北平，建立了偉大的新中國(guó)。

當(dāng)年，黨中央為什么要選擇西柏坡作為全國(guó)革命的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)中心呢?

第一展室 走進(jìn)西柏坡

本展室重點(diǎn)介紹黨中央選址西柏坡的主要原因，中共中央撤離延安的歷史背景及中央工委到達(dá)西柏坡的有關(guān)情況。

黨中央選址西柏坡主要有三個(gè)原因：一是西柏坡所在的平山縣建黨早，群眾基礎(chǔ)好。平山縣位于晉察冀邊區(qū)的南部，是著名的抗日模范縣。早在1931年黨組織就在平山縣霍賓臺(tái)村建立了第一個(gè)農(nóng)村黨支部，從此黨組織發(fā)展迅速，黨員人數(shù)由1931年的50人發(fā)展到1946年近20000人，王昭、于光漢、栗再溫就是平山縣黨組織早期的創(chuàng)建人和杰出的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。

晉察冀黨政軍首腦機(jī)關(guān)八年抗戰(zhàn)期間，就有三年半的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)斗生活在平山，平山人民在黨組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下創(chuàng)建了晉察冀邊區(qū)最堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、最活躍的革命根據(jù)地，同時(shí)還涌現(xiàn)出了許多英雄人物和模范集體。

享譽(yù)全國(guó)的子弟兵的母親戎冠秀，是平山縣下盤松村人。1938年加入中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，連續(xù)六年擔(dān)任村里的婦救會(huì)主任。曾多次冒著生命危險(xiǎn)搶救和護(hù)理八路軍傷員。在1944年晉察冀邊區(qū)第一屆群英大會(huì)上，聶榮臻親自把一面繡有“子弟兵的母親”的大紅錦旗授予了她。她一生中曾送兩個(gè)兒子、三個(gè)孫子參軍，十三次受到毛主席的親切接見，并參加了開國(guó)大典。1989年8月12日，戎媽媽病逝于石家莊和平醫(yī)院，享年93歲。

二是西柏坡一代的物產(chǎn)豐富。這是當(dāng)年西柏坡及周邊地區(qū)的沙盤模型。平山縣境內(nèi)河流眾多，其中以滹沱河干流最為出名，它源自山西繁峙縱貫全縣，滹沱河北岸的西柏坡一帶灘地肥美、稻麥兩熟，是有名的魚米之鄉(xiāng)，曾被聶榮臻譽(yù)為“晉察冀邊區(qū)的烏克蘭”。

三是西柏坡的地理位置優(yōu)越。西柏坡東臨華北平原，西依太行山，進(jìn)可攻，退可守，戰(zhàn)略位置非常優(yōu)越，歷來為兵家爭(zhēng)奪之地。

良好的群眾基礎(chǔ)、優(yōu)越的地理位置、富饒的物產(chǎn)，使黨中央選擇了西柏坡。

那么黨中央選址西柏坡的背景是什么呢?

1947年3月，派胡宗南帶領(lǐng)十幾萬大軍向延安進(jìn)犯，而陜北我軍的兵力只有2萬多人，敵我力量十分懸殊，為了誘敵深入，在運(yùn)動(dòng)中殲滅敵人，黨中央決定主動(dòng)撤離延安。

在撤離延安前夕，毛澤東接見新四旅領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部時(shí)說明了我軍的作戰(zhàn)思想，他指出：“我軍打仗不在于一城一地的得失，而在于消滅敵人的有生力量，存人失地，人地皆存，存地失人，人地皆失。要告訴同志們少則一年，多則兩年我們就要回來，我們要以一個(gè)延安換取全中國(guó)?！?3月18日，毛澤東離開延安，踏上了轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)陜北的征程。3月29日，中共中央到達(dá)清澗縣棗林溝，在此召開緊急會(huì)議，將中央機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了合理分工：由毛澤東、周恩來、任弼時(shí)等組成中央前方委員會(huì)，繼續(xù)留在陜北主持中央的工作，指揮全國(guó)解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng);由劉少奇、朱德、董必武等組成中央工作委員會(huì)，到晉西北及其它適當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)進(jìn)行中央委托的工作。4月11日，在臨縣三交鎮(zhèn)又成立了由葉劍英、楊尚昆等組成的中央后方工作委員會(huì)，到山西臨縣地區(qū)統(tǒng)籌后方工作。

1947年5月，以劉少奇為書記的中央工委先期進(jìn)駐西柏坡，受中共中央委托，主要辦好三項(xiàng)工作：指導(dǎo)晉察冀軍事斗爭(zhēng);將全國(guó)土地會(huì)議開好;把財(cái)經(jīng)辦事處建立起來。

第二展室 廢除封建土地所有制

本展室重點(diǎn)介紹中央工委在西柏坡召開全國(guó)土地會(huì)議、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)解放區(qū)土改的有關(guān)情況。

毛澤東曾經(jīng)指出，中國(guó)革命的中心問題是農(nóng)民問題，而農(nóng)民的中心問題就是土地問題。為了調(diào)動(dòng)廣大農(nóng)民支援生產(chǎn)和解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的積極性，中央工委到達(dá)西柏坡之后，于 1947年7月17日，在西柏坡主持召開了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨全國(guó)土地會(huì)議。會(huì)場(chǎng)就設(shè)在西柏坡惡石溝西岸一塊較為平坦的空地上，當(dāng)時(shí)在溝端的草坪上搭了一個(gè)布棚作為主席臺(tái)。來自各解放區(qū)的100多位代表參加了會(huì)議，劉少奇、朱德等同志作了報(bào)告。這個(gè)場(chǎng)景真實(shí)再現(xiàn)了當(dāng)年的簡(jiǎn)陋場(chǎng)面。

會(huì)議開了近兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間，經(jīng)過充分討論，9月13日通過了《中國(guó)土地法大綱(草案)》，它是我國(guó)歷史上第一部比較徹底的土地法，10月10日黨中央在陜北神泉堡正式向全國(guó)頒布實(shí)施。

大綱規(guī)定“廢除封建性及半封建性剝削的土地制度，實(shí)行耕者有其田的土地制度?！边@是毛澤東手書的土地改革總路線：依靠貧農(nóng)，團(tuán)結(jié)中農(nóng)，有步驟地，有分別地消滅封建土地剝削制度，發(fā)展生產(chǎn)。大綱頒布后不到一年的時(shí)間里，解放區(qū)有一億六千萬農(nóng)民獲得了土地(約占當(dāng)時(shí)全國(guó)人口的37%)。廣大人民群眾翻身做了主人，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了耕者有其田。土地改革取得了很大成績(jī)，但是在部分地區(qū)仍存在不徹底的現(xiàn)象，根據(jù)存在的問題各種解放區(qū)開展了以“三查”、“三整”為主要內(nèi)容的整黨運(yùn)動(dòng)。通過整黨，純潔了隊(duì)伍，加快了土改運(yùn)動(dòng)的深入開展。

這是平山縣下盤松村全體農(nóng)民贈(zèng)送給中央工委“土地回老家”的錦旗，這是翻身農(nóng)民歡天喜地埋界樁，丈量土地，領(lǐng)取土地證，送優(yōu)秀青年參軍參戰(zhàn)，保家保田的場(chǎng)面;這是東北哈爾濱顧?quán)l(xiāng)區(qū)靠山屯的翻身農(nóng)民寫給毛主席的一封信，信中這樣寫道：毛主席呀!沒有您我們真得餓死了，這回我們都翻身了，分了地，分了馬，分了衣服糧食……。樸實(shí)的話語道出了翻身農(nóng)民掏心窩子的話，表達(dá)了他們對(duì)共產(chǎn)黨毛主席的無限感激之情。

經(jīng)過土地改革，在人力、物力、財(cái)力等各個(gè)方面有力地支援了解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，為解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利奠定了良好的群眾基礎(chǔ)。

毛主席在黨的七屆三中全會(huì)上這樣評(píng)價(jià)：有了土地改革這個(gè)勝利，才有了打倒的勝利。

這是第二展廳的情況，接下來我們參觀第三展廳。

第三展室 指導(dǎo)晉察冀的軍事問題

本展廳重點(diǎn)介紹中央工委所做的第二件大事——指導(dǎo)晉察冀的軍事斗爭(zhēng)。

為盡快扭轉(zhuǎn)晉察冀的戰(zhàn)局，根據(jù)黨中央毛主席的指示，晉察冀軍區(qū)很快確立了“打大殲滅戰(zhàn)”的戰(zhàn)略思想，1947年5月，軍區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)決定組成強(qiáng)有力的野戰(zhàn)軍機(jī)構(gòu)，楊得志任司令員，羅瑞卿政委，楊成武任第二政委，耿飚任參謀長(zhǎng)，潘自立任政治部主任。

10月19日，我軍發(fā)起了清風(fēng)店戰(zhàn)役，經(jīng)三晝夜激戰(zhàn)，殲敵17000余人并活捉了敵第三軍軍長(zhǎng)羅歷戎。

清風(fēng)店戰(zhàn)役的勝利，創(chuàng)“晉察冀殲滅戰(zhàn)新紀(jì)錄”，為打更大規(guī)模的殲滅戰(zhàn)創(chuàng)造了戰(zhàn)機(jī)。隨后，我軍趁機(jī)發(fā)起石家莊戰(zhàn)役。

石家莊時(shí)稱石門，當(dāng)時(shí)是重兵把守的一座城市，在此設(shè)有三道防線，第一道防線是外市溝，周長(zhǎng)60華里深7米，寬6米;第二道防線是內(nèi)市溝，周長(zhǎng)36華里，深寬各5米;第三道防線是以市區(qū)為中心的大石橋、火車站等堅(jiān)固建筑物組成的核心工事。三道防線間還有裝甲車日夜巡邏，設(shè)有碉堡6000多個(gè)。當(dāng)時(shí)固守石家莊的32師師長(zhǎng)劉英曾這樣吹噓：“憑借石家莊的戰(zhàn)地工事，國(guó)軍可坐守3年，共產(chǎn)黨沒有飛機(jī)、坦克，休想拿下石家莊?！?/p>

我軍于11月6日對(duì)石家莊發(fā)起進(jìn)攻，經(jīng)6晝夜激戰(zhàn)，于12日解放石家莊并在大石橋下活捉了敵第32師師長(zhǎng)劉英，共殲敵24000余人。

石家莊是我軍在解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期采用攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)術(shù)攻克的第一座大城市，石家莊的解放，開創(chuàng)了我軍奪取大城市的創(chuàng)例，使晉察冀和晉冀魯豫兩大解放區(qū)連成一片，為黨中央進(jìn)駐西柏坡創(chuàng)造了有利的條件，并為我黨接管和建設(shè)大城市積累了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，具有非常重要的意義。戰(zhàn)役勝利后，朱德到晉縣的侯城村與指戰(zhàn)員一起總結(jié)了攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)術(shù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并欣然命筆寫下了七律《攻克石門》：“石門封鎖太行山，勇士掀開指顧間，盡滅全師收重鎮(zhèn)，不教胡馬返秦關(guān)，攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)術(shù)開新面，久困人民動(dòng)笑顏，我黨英雄真輩出，從茲不慮鬢毛斑?！?1月14日，石門市政府正式成立，市長(zhǎng)柯慶施。12月26 日，石門市正式改名為石家莊市。

下面請(qǐng)大家參觀下一展室，統(tǒng)一解放區(qū)的財(cái)經(jīng)工作。

第四展室 統(tǒng)一解放區(qū)的財(cái)經(jīng)工作

建立華北財(cái)經(jīng)辦事處是黨中央委托中央工委的主要工作之一。為了迎接革命的新高潮，更好地解決大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的財(cái)力供給問題，根據(jù)黨中央的指示，1947年春，在河北邯鄲武安縣的冶陶鎮(zhèn)召開了華北財(cái)經(jīng)會(huì)議，研究如何解決戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中所需要的財(cái)經(jīng)問題。經(jīng)過討論，會(huì)議決定成立華北財(cái)經(jīng)辦事處，由董必武任主任，南漢辰、薛暮橋、楊立

三、湯平為副主任。

7月14日，華北財(cái)辦在平山縣夾峪村成立。華北采辦成立后，統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)除東北之外的其他各解放區(qū)的財(cái)經(jīng)政策，為解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的財(cái)力供給提供了強(qiáng)有力的后勤保障。

中央工委在西柏坡還領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了華北地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和軍工生產(chǎn)。在中央工委的關(guān)心指導(dǎo)下，1947年晉察冀邊區(qū)在距西柏坡45公里的西部山區(qū)建立了一座水力發(fā)電站——沕沕水發(fā)電站，這是我黨在華北地區(qū)建立的第一座水力發(fā)電站，被譽(yù)為“邊區(qū)創(chuàng)舉”。當(dāng)時(shí)，工作人員架線27公里到西柏坡。發(fā)電站的建成不僅為軍工生產(chǎn)提供了強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)力，而且還改善了西柏坡中央大院首長(zhǎng)的工作環(huán)境。

此外，在中央工委的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，各解放區(qū)都建立了許多工廠，為前線輸送了源源不斷的物資，促進(jìn)了解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利發(fā)展。

以上我們了解的是中央工委在西柏坡時(shí)期所做的三件大事，下面我們參觀黨中央在西柏坡時(shí)期的有關(guān)情況。

第五展室 黨中央轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)陜北從延安到達(dá)西柏坡以及大決戰(zhàn)前夕全國(guó)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的政治和軍事形式

1947年3月18日，我軍主動(dòng)撤離延安，3月29日在清澗縣棗林溝將中央進(jìn)行合理分工，毛澤東率領(lǐng)只有800多人的小隊(duì)伍在崇山峻嶺之間和敵人兜圈子，行程十分艱難。11月22日，到達(dá)陜北米脂縣楊家溝，12月25日在這里召開了“十二月會(huì)議”，在會(huì)上毛主席作了《目前形勢(shì)和我們的任務(wù)》的報(bào)告。1948年3月21日，黨中央離開楊家溝，于3月23日在吳堡縣川口東渡黃河，經(jīng)臨縣、蔡家崖、岢嵐、五寨、神池，4月11日到達(dá)山西五臺(tái)山，4月13日到達(dá)晉察冀軍區(qū)司令部駐地阜平縣城南莊，4月30日——5月7日黨中央在城南莊召開政治局?jǐn)U大會(huì)議，會(huì)上討論采納了粟裕提出的建議：“決定華東野戰(zhàn)軍一兵團(tuán)三個(gè)縱隊(duì)暫不過江，集中主力在中原地區(qū)作戰(zhàn)，盡可能多地把敵人的主力殲滅在長(zhǎng)江以北?！?5月18日，由于特務(wù)告密，敵機(jī)轟炸城南莊，毛澤東當(dāng)晚移居花山，5月26日到達(dá)西柏坡。黨中央撤離延安到西柏坡歷時(shí)一年零兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間，行程三千余華里。這是中央機(jī)關(guān)在西柏坡的分布圖。以西柏坡為中心，中央組織部、中央宣傳部、中央婦委等中央機(jī)關(guān)都分布在西柏坡村的周圍及滹沱河沿岸。

1948年秋，全國(guó)的軍事形勢(shì)發(fā)生了很大的變化，我軍在東北、華東、中原、西北各個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)先后取得了巨大的勝利，為戰(zhàn)略決戰(zhàn)創(chuàng)造了有利條件，同時(shí)，國(guó)統(tǒng)區(qū)人民也逐漸形成了反對(duì)統(tǒng)治的“第二條戰(zhàn)線”，有力的配合了軍事戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的斗爭(zhēng)。

為了適應(yīng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)形勢(shì)的發(fā)展，確立新的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)和方針，1948年9月8日——13日，中央在西柏坡召開了中央政治局?jǐn)U大會(huì)議(即九月會(huì)議)。這次會(huì)議是自日本投降以來，到會(huì)人數(shù)最多的一次中央會(huì)議，會(huì)議明確提出(從1946年7月算起)建軍五百萬，殲敵正規(guī)軍五百個(gè)旅，五年左右從根本上打倒反動(dòng)派。會(huì)后毛澤東向全黨發(fā)出了：“向前進(jìn)，生產(chǎn)長(zhǎng)一寸，加強(qiáng)紀(jì)性，革命無不勝”的偉大號(hào)召。這次會(huì)議為奪取解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的全面勝利，在思想上、政治上、組織上做了充分的準(zhǔn)備。下面請(qǐng)大家跟我上二樓參觀大決戰(zhàn)的有關(guān)情況。

第六展室 大決戰(zhàn)(一)

本展室重點(diǎn)介紹了三大戰(zhàn)役總指揮部及戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)情況。

濟(jì)南，位于津浦、膠濟(jì)兩鐵路的交匯處，是連接華東、華北地區(qū)的樞紐。1948年9月16日，我華東野戰(zhàn)軍發(fā)起濟(jì)南戰(zhàn)役，經(jīng)8晝夜激戰(zhàn)，殲敵10萬余人，并活捉了第二綏靖區(qū)司令官兼山東省主席王耀武。最先攻入城內(nèi)的9縱25師73團(tuán)被授予“濟(jì)南第一團(tuán)”的光榮稱號(hào)。濟(jì)南戰(zhàn)役的勝利使華東、華北兩大解放區(qū)連成一片，打破了軍重點(diǎn)防御的計(jì)劃，拉開了大決戰(zhàn) 的序幕。

1948年秋天，我軍經(jīng)過兩年多的艱苦作戰(zhàn)，敵強(qiáng)我弱的形勢(shì)發(fā)生了很大的變化。軍總兵力已下降到365萬人，但正規(guī)軍只有198萬，分布在一線上的不足180萬人，而我軍總兵力已發(fā)展到280萬人，敵我力量之比已由戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)初期的3.4：1縮小為1.3：1，決戰(zhàn)的時(shí)機(jī)已經(jīng)成熟。

1948年9月12日，我東北野戰(zhàn)軍在司令員林彪、政委羅榮桓、參謀長(zhǎng)劉亞樓的指揮下，南下北寧線，發(fā)起規(guī)?？涨暗倪|沈戰(zhàn)役。

戰(zhàn)役共分三個(gè)階段：

第一階段：攻克錦州，解放長(zhǎng)春。

錦州位于北寧線中心，是連接華北、東北兩大戰(zhàn)區(qū)的樞紐，因此拿下錦州就等于關(guān)上了東北的大門。10月14日我軍向錦州發(fā)起總攻，經(jīng)過31小時(shí)激戰(zhàn)，全殲錦州之?dāng)?0萬多人，并活捉了東北剿總副司令范漢杰和第6兵團(tuán)司令官盧浚泉。在我軍這一勝利聲威震撼下，4縱隊(duì)12師34團(tuán)在塔山奮戰(zhàn)7晝夜，進(jìn)行了頑強(qiáng)阻擊，被授予“塔山英雄團(tuán)”的光榮稱號(hào)。處于長(zhǎng)困久圍的長(zhǎng)春之?dāng)骋姶髣?shì)已去，10月17日，第60軍軍長(zhǎng)曾澤生率部起義，鄭洞國(guó)被迫投降，長(zhǎng)春解放。

第二階段：轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)遼西，圍殲廖耀湘兵團(tuán)。

我軍發(fā)揚(yáng)連續(xù)作戰(zhàn)的精神揮師北上，轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)遼西對(duì)敵廖耀湘兵團(tuán)展開了大規(guī)模的分隔包圍，經(jīng)兩晝夜激戰(zhàn)，全殲廖耀湘兵團(tuán)。

第三階段：解放沈陽。

11月1日，我軍向沈陽發(fā)起攻擊，次日，沈陽解放。我人民解放軍攻入了沈陽東北“剿總”大樓，東北全境解放。

遼沈戰(zhàn)役從1948年9月12日起至11月2日結(jié)束，歷時(shí)52天，共殲滅和改編47萬2千余人。

就在遼沈戰(zhàn)役結(jié)束之后，我中原和華東野戰(zhàn)軍聯(lián)手將矛頭指向了徐州的敵劉峙集團(tuán)，淮海戰(zhàn)役隨即爆發(fā)。

淮海戰(zhàn)役是以徐州為中心的廣大地區(qū)舉行的規(guī)模較大的一次戰(zhàn)役，我軍以60萬對(duì)敵80萬，共分三個(gè)階段。

第一階段：圍殲黃百韜兵團(tuán)。就在我軍發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻后，黃百韜率領(lǐng)的五個(gè)軍企圖由新安鎮(zhèn)撤回徐州，11月8日，固守在運(yùn)河防區(qū)的地下黨員張克俠、何基灃率部第3綏靖區(qū)起義，從而使我北部野戰(zhàn)軍順利通過運(yùn)河防區(qū)，切斷了敵人的退路，將其殲滅在碾莊地區(qū)。就在黃百韜被殲時(shí)，由徐州前來增援的邱清泉、李彌兵團(tuán)遭到我軍的頑強(qiáng)阻擊，也只能眼睜睜地看著黃百韜被殲而束手無策。

第二階段：全殲黃維兵團(tuán)。黃百韜兵團(tuán)被殲后，決定以向徐州增援的黃維兵團(tuán)，和劉汝明、李延年兵團(tuán)三路合攻宿縣，以打通津浦線，退守淮南。

黃維老練的調(diào)整作戰(zhàn)部署，一面利用飛機(jī)和強(qiáng)大的炮兵對(duì)我軍進(jìn)行襲擊;一面構(gòu)筑防御工事。12月6日，我軍向黃維兵團(tuán)發(fā)起總攻，采用了在解放石家莊時(shí)發(fā)明的挖交通壕接近敵人陣地再實(shí)施爆破的作戰(zhàn)方法。將黃維兵團(tuán)合圍于宿縣西面的雙堆集地區(qū)，12月15日全殲黃維兵團(tuán)，生俘兵團(tuán)司令官黃維。

第三階段，圍殲杜聿明集團(tuán)。就在黃維兵團(tuán)被圍的時(shí)候，徐州“剿總”副司令杜聿明率邱清泉、李彌、孫元良3個(gè)兵團(tuán)放棄徐州南下，以解黃維兵團(tuán)之圍。12月4日，我軍將杜聿明兵團(tuán)合圍于永城陳官莊地區(qū)。為配合平津戰(zhàn)役，我軍暫停攻擊，實(shí)行戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)休整，并展開了強(qiáng)大的政治攻勢(shì)。

1949年1月6日，我軍對(duì)杜聿明集團(tuán)發(fā)起總攻，1月10日杜聿明集團(tuán)被殲滅，擊斃邱清泉，生俘杜聿明。

至此，淮海戰(zhàn)役勝利結(jié)束。這是淮海戰(zhàn)役的總前委：粟裕、鄧小平、劉伯承、陳毅、譚震林。這是受到戰(zhàn)犯杜聿明的收到條及陳毅、粟裕寫給杜聿明、邱清泉的勸降信。

淮海戰(zhàn)役自1948年11月6日起至1949年1月10日結(jié)束歷時(shí)66天，殲滅和改編55萬余人。是三大戰(zhàn)役中歷時(shí)最長(zhǎng)，規(guī)模最大的一次戰(zhàn)役。

隨著遼沈、淮海戰(zhàn)役的勝利，華北的傅作義集團(tuán)孤懸敵后，已經(jīng)成了驚弓之鳥。

此時(shí)的更是焦急萬分，為了力保江南半壁江山，他令傅作義調(diào)兵南下，但傅作義有著自己的算盤。傅作義以北平為中心，在東起塘沽，西至張家口的500多公里的戰(zhàn)線上布了一條求生的“長(zhǎng)蛇陣”。蛇尾可以達(dá)到他的老根據(jù)地綏遠(yuǎn)，蛇頭可以達(dá)到渤海。如果蛇腹北平和天津保不住的話，他既可以直接從海上撤退，逃到江南;又可以逃到自己的根據(jù)地綏遠(yuǎn)。毛澤東分析了蛇的本性，那就是蛇尾一旦被揪住，蛇必會(huì)掉頭去咬人。這樣使蛇既不能前進(jìn)，更不能后退了，只能在原地掙扎了。所以毛澤東決定先打張家口，傅作義定會(huì)調(diào)兵增援，這樣我們就可以拖住他，使他既不能西逃，也不能南撤。

1948年11月29日，平津戰(zhàn)役正式打響。我軍采取了“隔而不圍，圍而不打”的策略對(duì)北平、天津、塘沽、唐山之間的敵軍，進(jìn)行了分割包圍，從而打亂了傅作義的整個(gè)防御部署，而且拖住了傅作義集團(tuán)，使他不能迅速?zèng)Q策南逃或西撤，進(jìn)入進(jìn)退兩難的被動(dòng)局面。傅作義的長(zhǎng)蛇陣被解放軍腰斬成互不相連的五段，我軍先揪蛇尾、再斷蛇頭，這一招使傅作義不再為精心部下的長(zhǎng)蛇陣如意了，一下子變得預(yù)收不能，欲逃無路了。

最后我軍采用了先打兩頭、后取中間的作戰(zhàn)方針，攻克新保安，收復(fù)張家口。1949年1月15日，解放了天津。隨后，我?guī)资f大軍云集于北平城下，在政治和軍事的雙重壓力下，北平守?cái)吃诟底髁x將軍的帶領(lǐng)之下于1月31日接受我軍和平改編，北平和平解放，平津戰(zhàn)役勝利結(jié)束。

平津戰(zhàn)役歷時(shí)64天，殲滅和改編52萬余人。

三大戰(zhàn)役自1948年9月12日起至1949年1月31日結(jié)束，歷時(shí)4個(gè)月19天，殲滅和改編154萬余人，大大加速了解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利進(jìn)程。

電報(bào)廊

現(xiàn)在我們來到的是電報(bào)廊。三大戰(zhàn)役期間我軍取得了輝煌戰(zhàn)果，但作為總指揮部的西柏坡卻是非常普通的小平房，周恩來同志曾說，我們這個(gè)指揮部一不發(fā)人，二不發(fā)糧，三不發(fā)槍，就是天天往前線發(fā)電報(bào)，就把打敗了。在三大戰(zhàn)役期間，從西柏坡發(fā)往前線的電報(bào)有300多封，這里陳列了其中的37封，嘀嘀嗒嗒的發(fā)報(bào)聲，營(yíng)造了當(dāng)時(shí)這種既緊張又忙碌的氣氛。

半景畫

三大戰(zhàn)役半景畫，縱深12米，高10米，全長(zhǎng)50米，它把遼沈、淮海、平津三大戰(zhàn)役的場(chǎng)景自然銜接，渾然一體，并通過聲、光、電結(jié)合的效果，生動(dòng)再現(xiàn)了我軍在大決戰(zhàn)中勢(shì)如破竹的壯觀景象。對(duì)面是五位書記的蠟像，反映的是五位書記在主席辦公室里通宵達(dá)旦，一起研究戰(zhàn)局的場(chǎng)景。小指揮所和大的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)相互輝映，鮮明地反映了黨中央高超的軍事指揮藝術(shù)。接下來我們一起走進(jìn)第七展室了解一下人民群眾支援前線的有關(guān)情況。

第七展室 大決戰(zhàn)(二)

本展室重點(diǎn)介紹人民群眾對(duì)解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的大力支援及決戰(zhàn)之后的有關(guān)情況。

三大戰(zhàn)役的勝利，離不開前方戰(zhàn)士的浴血奮戰(zhàn)，也離不開后方群眾的大力支援。

據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，三大戰(zhàn)役期間，后方人民支援前線共動(dòng)用小推車141萬多輛，如果把它們按兩縱隊(duì)來排列的話，可以從南京一直排到北京的天安門廣場(chǎng)!

在大決戰(zhàn)中，廣大的人民群眾籌集軍糧，組織擔(dān)架隊(duì)運(yùn)送傷病員，搶修鐵路等等來配合我軍作戰(zhàn)，可以說解放軍打到哪里，他們就支援到哪里，前線需要什么，他們就送什么。正如陳毅同志所說：“淮海戰(zhàn)役的勝利是人民群眾用小車推出來的。”據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，三大戰(zhàn)役中動(dòng)員民工539萬余人、大小車輛82萬余輛、擔(dān)架10萬余付、糧食9.5億斤。當(dāng)時(shí)解放區(qū)流傳著這樣一首民謠：

最后的一碗米用來做軍糧，最后的一尺布用來做軍裝，最后的老棉被蓋在擔(dān)架上，最后的親骨肉含淚送戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。

三大戰(zhàn)役我軍傷亡人數(shù)達(dá)到了24萬余人，其中犧牲的團(tuán)級(jí)以上干部83名，犧牲的最高將領(lǐng)是東北炮兵司令員朱瑞。

三大戰(zhàn)役勝利之后，并不甘心自己的失敗，于1949年元旦發(fā)表了求和聲明《元旦文告》，提出同我黨進(jìn)行和平談判的主張。面對(duì)變化了的形勢(shì)，毛主席也為新華社撰寫了新年獻(xiàn)詞《將革命進(jìn)行到底》，1月14日，又發(fā)表了《關(guān)于時(shí)局的聲明》，用大量歷史事實(shí)揭露了假和談的陰謀，提出了與和平談判的八項(xiàng)條件，1月21日被迫下野，李宗仁代理總統(tǒng)。

2月22日，李宗仁派江庸、張士釗、邵力子、顏惠慶組成的上海人民和平代表團(tuán)來到西柏坡，雙方就南北通航、通郵等問題廣泛交換了意見。隨同代表團(tuán)一起來的還有傅作義和鄧寶珊兩位將軍。

戰(zhàn)略決戰(zhàn)的勝利，也引起了蘇聯(lián)共產(chǎn)黨的極大關(guān)注。1月31日，蘇共代表、中央政治局委員米高揚(yáng)受斯大林的派遣來到西柏坡，受到五位書記的親切接見，毛主席等與他對(duì)中國(guó)的一些建國(guó)事宜進(jìn)行了商討。米高揚(yáng)到西柏坡對(duì)加強(qiáng)中蘇兩黨之間的了解與友誼起到了重大作用。

接下來我們上三樓參觀七屆二中全會(huì)及籌備建國(guó)的有關(guān)情況。

“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”浮雕墻

“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”浮雕墻，由沈陽魯迅美術(shù)學(xué)院創(chuàng)作設(shè)計(jì)的。正面是毛澤東手書的在七屆二中全會(huì)上提出的“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”，背景是黃河壺口瀑布，寓意著“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”的精神像黃河之水一樣奔流不息、源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。

第八展室 本展示重點(diǎn)介紹的是七屆二中全會(huì)的有關(guān)情況

1949年1月6日至8日，中共中央在西柏坡召開政治局?jǐn)U大會(huì)議，會(huì)上通過了《目前形勢(shì)和黨在一九四九年的任務(wù)》，其中第十七條明確提出：“北平解放后，必須召集第七屆第二次中央全體會(huì)議。”

2月11日，中共中央發(fā)出通知，要求各地中央委員、中央候補(bǔ)委員“一切到會(huì)同志須于二月二十八日到達(dá)中央?！?月底，參加會(huì)議的同志陸續(xù)來到西柏坡。

經(jīng)過充分準(zhǔn)備，1949年3月5日至13日，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨七屆二中全會(huì)在西柏坡勝利召開。會(huì)場(chǎng)就設(shè)在西柏坡中央機(jī)關(guān)大院的大伙房里，出席這次會(huì)議的中央委員34人，中央候補(bǔ)委員19人，列席人員11人共計(jì)64人。會(huì)議提出了促進(jìn)革命迅速取得全國(guó)勝利和組織這個(gè)勝利的各項(xiàng)方針，說明了在全國(guó)勝利的局面下，黨的工作重心必須由鄉(xiāng)村轉(zhuǎn)移到城市;規(guī)定了黨在全國(guó)勝利以后，在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、外交等方面應(yīng)當(dāng)采取的基本政策，以及使中國(guó)由農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣I(yè)國(guó)，由新民主主義社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯鐣?huì)主義社會(huì)的總?cè)蝿?wù)和主要途徑，描繪了新中國(guó)的宏偉藍(lán)圖。會(huì)上毛澤東針對(duì)黨內(nèi)存在的四種情緒還提出了著名的“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”。

毛主席在會(huì)上做了重要報(bào)告，其他四位書記也就目前形勢(shì)和建設(shè)方面的問題作了發(fā)言。

會(huì)議的最后一天，通過了關(guān)于軍旗的決議：“中國(guó)人民解放軍軍旗應(yīng)為紅底加五角星加‘八一’二字”

北墻上是參加七屆二中全會(huì)的34位中央委員，19位中央候補(bǔ)委員的照片。

會(huì)議最后一天，根據(jù)主席的提議，做出了六條規(guī)定：“一不做壽;二不送禮;三少敬酒;四少拍掌;五不以人名作地名;六不要把中國(guó)同志同馬恩列斯平列?！?/p>

接下來我們一起了解一下黨中央在西柏坡為籌建新中國(guó)，在各方面作的有益探索。

第九展室 描繪新中國(guó)的藍(lán)圖

本展室主要介紹中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨在西柏坡時(shí)期，為籌建新中國(guó)所作的各方面的有益探索以及中共中央赴京建國(guó)的有關(guān)情況。

首先大家看到的是一幅油畫《曙光》，主體是參加七屆二中全會(huì)的53位中央委員和中央候補(bǔ)委員，背景是由千百萬革命戰(zhàn)士筑成的綿延起伏的太行山，腳下是柏坡嶺，柏坡嶺是西柏坡村。它展現(xiàn)的是老一輩革命家登上柏坡嶺展望未來的情景。展廳對(duì)面是開國(guó)大典場(chǎng)景，寓意著毛澤東等老一輩革命家沿著我們腳下的這條紅色石板路，一直通向天安門，新中國(guó)就是從西柏坡這個(gè)小山村走向北京城的——“新中國(guó)從這里走來”。

黨中央在西柏坡時(shí)期為籌建新中國(guó)在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等各方面進(jìn)行了積極探索。

(一)籌劃新中國(guó)的政權(quán)組織形式

中共中央認(rèn)為，新生的政權(quán)組織既不能照搬蘇聯(lián)模式，也不能照搬西方模式。九月政治局會(huì)議上，毛澤東明確提出：“現(xiàn)在我們就用‘人民代表大會(huì)’這一名詞。我們采用民主集中制，而不采用資產(chǎn)階級(jí)議會(huì)制?！秉h中央到西柏坡后，對(duì)建立新中國(guó)的中央政權(quán)做了充分準(zhǔn)備。

1948年8月7日，華北臨時(shí)人民代表大會(huì)在石家莊召開，會(huì)上決定成立華北人民政府。1948年9月26日，華北人民政府在平山縣王子村成立，董必武為華北人民政府主席，薄一波、藍(lán)公武、楊秀峰為副主席。華北人民政府開展了大量的工作，一方面為支援前線做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，另一方面積累了豐富的政權(quán)建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。1949年10月27日，中共中央頒布了中央人民政府主席關(guān)于撤銷華北人民政府令，華北人民政府把所轄的有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)移交中央人民政府管理，可以說華北人民政府是新中國(guó)中央人民政府的雛形。

(二)制定新中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策

黨中央在西柏坡時(shí)期就已經(jīng)初步探索和確定了新中國(guó)的各項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。為統(tǒng)一全國(guó)的財(cái)政和金融，1948年12月1日，在石家莊成立了中國(guó)人民銀行，并發(fā)行了第一套人民幣，董必武同志在西柏坡為其題寫了“中國(guó)人民銀行”的字樣。這是第一套人民幣的五元樣板。展廳的副線上展出的是一臺(tái)印碼機(jī)。

在“九月會(huì)議”和“七屆二中全會(huì)”等會(huì)議上，中共中央為新中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策進(jìn)行著充分的探討和考慮，初步確立了新中國(guó)的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)政策及經(jīng)濟(jì)成分組成。1948年9月，劉少奇在《論新民主主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)與合作社》一文中，對(duì)怎樣建立新民主主義經(jīng)濟(jì)、新民主主義經(jīng)濟(jì)應(yīng)該包括哪些成份，合作社經(jīng)濟(jì)在其中的重要地位等作了初步探索。1948年，張聞天為東北局起草了《關(guān)于東北經(jīng)濟(jì)構(gòu)成及經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)基本方針的提綱》，提出東北經(jīng)濟(jì)在解放后由5種經(jīng)濟(jì)成分構(gòu)成，劉少奇對(duì)此《提綱》進(jìn)行了認(rèn)真修改，對(duì)新民主主義經(jīng)濟(jì)的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)，民主革命勝利后國(guó)內(nèi)主要矛盾和合作社的各種形式都作了比較詳細(xì)的闡述。九月會(huì)議上，劉少奇在《關(guān)于新民主主義的建設(shè)問題》中系統(tǒng)地闡述了新民主主義經(jīng)濟(jì)的成份和基本矛盾。1949年6月，劉少奇同志發(fā)表

了《關(guān)于新中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)方針》一文，在文章中他完整的提出了新中國(guó)的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)應(yīng)由五種經(jīng)濟(jì)成分構(gòu)成，并著重提出要以發(fā)展國(guó)營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)為主體。經(jīng)濟(jì)方針的制定，有力地指導(dǎo)了經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)。

在這些方針政策指引下，各解放區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)開始復(fù)蘇。一時(shí)間石家莊大興紗廠開工生產(chǎn)、失業(yè)的工人自己創(chuàng)辦了汽車修理廠等等。全國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)得到了很快的發(fā)展。

(三)規(guī)劃宣傳文化教育事業(yè)。奪取全國(guó)政權(quán)的緊迫任務(wù)，要求我黨迅速地有計(jì)劃地培養(yǎng)大批能夠管理軍事、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、黨務(wù)、文化教育等項(xiàng)工作的干部，中共華北局成立后，中央就委托華北局負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)辦大黨校、大軍校、大黨報(bào)及華北大學(xué)等事宜。

1948年6月15日，在平山縣里莊村創(chuàng)刊，毛主席在西柏坡為改刊后的重新題寫了報(bào)頭，8月，黨中央把定為中央的機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。毛主席還為“中國(guó)青年”、“人民郵電”、“新華書店”題寫了報(bào)頭和店名。

為培養(yǎng)大批的軍事指揮人才和較好理論水平的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部，1948年下半年，華北大學(xué)、華北軍政大學(xué)、中央馬列學(xué)院相繼建立，為全國(guó)各個(gè)解放區(qū)輸送了大批的人才。

(四)籌備新的政治協(xié)商會(huì)議。在中國(guó)革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)迅速取得勝利的形勢(shì)下，召集新的政治協(xié)商會(huì)議和成立民主聯(lián)合政府的一切條件已經(jīng)成熟，為此，中央在西柏坡進(jìn)行了積極的組織和籌備工作。

1948年4月30日，中共中央發(fā)表了紀(jì)念“五一”國(guó)際勞動(dòng)節(jié)口號(hào)，號(hào)召召開新的沒有反動(dòng)分子參加的政治協(xié)商會(huì)議，討論建立民主聯(lián)合政府。1948年秋，經(jīng)過黨中央的精心組織和安排，各民主黨派和民主人士陸續(xù)從各地和海外進(jìn)入解放區(qū)。當(dāng)時(shí)接待他們的地點(diǎn)有兩個(gè)，一是中央統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)部的所在地平山縣的李家莊村;一是東北局所在地哈爾濱。1949年，這些民主人士進(jìn)入北平，討論成立民主聯(lián)合政府，籌備新政協(xié)，從而逐步形成了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的多黨合作的政治協(xié)商制度。

(五)赴京建國(guó)。1949年3月23日，中共中央和解放軍總部離開西柏坡，25日到達(dá)北平，下午3點(diǎn)在西苑機(jī)場(chǎng)舉行了隆重的閱兵式。1949年9月21日，第一屆政治協(xié)商會(huì)議在中南海懷仁堂召開，選舉毛澤東為中華人民共和國(guó)、中央人民政府主席。10月1日，在天安門廣場(chǎng)舉行了隆重的開國(guó)大典。

第十展室 難忘的歲月

本展室重點(diǎn)介紹毛澤東等老一輩革命家在西柏坡的生活情況。

毛澤東等老一輩革命家在西柏坡不但創(chuàng)造了輝煌的歷史功績(jī)，還留下了動(dòng)人的故事。

西柏坡是一個(gè)依山傍水的小山村，滹沱河兩岸灘地肥美，稻麥兩熟，1948年秋天，毛主席外出散步時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)西柏坡農(nóng)民種稻時(shí)不是先育苗后插秧，而是直接播種，產(chǎn)量很低，他便親自把自己家鄉(xiāng)如何先育苗再插秧的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民。事隔十年之后，1958年6月，毛主席還惦記著此事，特意讓中央辦公廳給西柏坡的鄉(xiāng)親寫信，讓他們到水稻高產(chǎn)的涿縣去學(xué)習(xí)，從此，西柏坡一帶的水稻也越種越好。

朱德用過的毛毯(文物)，是從延安帶過來的。1947年，朱德的兒子朱琦和兒媳趙力平新婚后到西柏坡參加土改，朱德與康克清就把這條毛毯作為見面禮送給了他們，后一直由趙力平保存，1987年11月，趙力平經(jīng)康克清批準(zhǔn)將此毛毯贈(zèng)送給西柏坡紀(jì)念館。

周恩來非常關(guān)心工作人員的生活。1948年7月30日深夜，后山的幾個(gè)窯洞被雨水沖塌了，周恩來得知后，提著馬燈，親赴現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指揮搶救。當(dāng)被救的同志脫離危險(xiǎn)時(shí)已接近黎明。大家都回去休息了，可周副主席又提著馬燈仔細(xì)檢查了中央機(jī)關(guān)的其他房子，這時(shí)，天已大亮了。被搶救回來的同志們含淚說：“是周副主席和同志們給了我們第二次生命。”

任弼時(shí)同志在西柏坡時(shí)44歲，是五位書記中最年輕的一位書記，由于為革命積勞成疾，當(dāng)時(shí)就患有高血壓、心臟病等多種疾病，但它一直抱病堅(jiān)持工作，別人勸他休息時(shí)，他總笑著說：“能堅(jiān)持走100步，就不走99步。”這是他在西柏坡曾使用過的帆布箱。在西柏坡時(shí)，任弼時(shí)對(duì)小孩子的成長(zhǎng)非常關(guān)心，為小兒子任遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)題詞：“小孩子要用心讀書，現(xiàn)在不學(xué)，將來沒用。”

陳云當(dāng)年曾兩次來西柏坡向主席匯報(bào)工作，但是沒有留下照片，所以創(chuàng)作了這幅油畫。

董老在西柏坡使用過的棉被。是1946年董必武與周恩來在南京梅園新村與進(jìn)行談判時(shí)，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備入獄時(shí)用的。后將它帶到延安，并在西柏坡時(shí)期一直使用。1977年4月，董老的夫人何蓮芝將被面捐贈(zèng)給西柏坡紀(jì)念館。

工作之余的周恩來、彭德懷和兒童在一起。當(dāng)年的工作人員魏蘭春、蔣英、韓桂馨等在西柏坡也留下了美好的記憶。

毛澤東對(duì)警衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)士非常關(guān)心，經(jīng)常詢問他們的生活和學(xué)習(xí)情況。1948年5月，中央機(jī)關(guān)在西柏坡附近的霍賓臺(tái)村舉辦文化補(bǔ)習(xí)班，首長(zhǎng)們將身邊的警衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)士送去學(xué)習(xí)。臨走時(shí)，毛主席和周副主席為他們題詞并合影留念。毛主席的題詞是 “努力奮斗、為人民工作”，周副主席的題詞是“學(xué)習(xí)為人民服務(wù)的道理”。

中央機(jī)關(guān)在西柏坡時(shí)期，依然過著非常艱苦的生活。中央機(jī)關(guān)用來盛飯的木桶、菜橔、醬簍子、自制的飲水缸、月餅?zāi)Ｗ?，可以看出?dāng)年生活是何等的簡(jiǎn)樸。

第十一展室 繼往開來

本展室重點(diǎn)介紹我黨歷屆中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人號(hào)召全黨繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”精神的有關(guān)內(nèi)容。

老一輩無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命家在西柏坡為我們留下了非常寶貴的精神財(cái)富。在七屆二中全會(huì)上，毛主席向全黨提出了“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”的著名論述，半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，以毛澤東、鄧小平、為核心的三代黨中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體和以為核心的黨的新一屆中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，不但身體力行“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”，而且不斷賦予其新的內(nèi)涵，使“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”精神不斷得到保持和發(fā)揚(yáng)，成為我黨推動(dòng)社

會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)的強(qiáng)大精神動(dòng)力。

建國(guó)后，以毛澤東為核心的黨的第一代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，發(fā)揚(yáng)“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”，帶領(lǐng)全國(guó)人民艱苦奮斗，奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)，努力恢復(fù)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)。

改革開放的總設(shè)計(jì)師鄧小平，面對(duì)改革開放所取得的輝煌成績(jī)，多次向黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部敲響警鐘，他強(qiáng)調(diào)指出：“艱苦奮斗是我黨的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，艱苦樸素的教育今后要抓緊，一直要抓六十至七十年，我們的國(guó)家越發(fā)展，越要抓艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，提倡艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)精神，也有助于克服腐敗現(xiàn)象?！?984年8月31日，鄧小平為西柏坡紀(jì)念館親筆題寫了館名。

以為核心的黨的第三代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，要求全黨牢記“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”，弘揚(yáng)艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)的精神，為推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化而不懈努力。2000年，他到廣東視察工作時(shí)提出了“三個(gè)代表”的重要思想。1991年9月2日，來到西柏坡，參觀視察了西柏坡中共中央舊址和西柏坡陳列展覽館的每個(gè)展室、每件展品，與當(dāng)?shù)剜l(xiāng)親們親切交談，合影留念。在七屆二中全會(huì)會(huì)址，指出：我們要對(duì)人民，特別是青少年進(jìn)行愛國(guó)主義教育。黨中央、毛主席在西柏坡描繪的人民共和國(guó)的藍(lán)圖現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)，我們要永遠(yuǎn)銘記老一輩革命家在這里創(chuàng)下的豐功偉績(jī)，繼續(xù)艱苦奮斗，把社會(huì)主義的中國(guó)建設(shè)得更加強(qiáng)大，更加美好。并揮毫題詞“牢記兩個(gè)務(wù)必，建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義?！?/p>

2002年12月5—6日，總書記和曾慶紅、劉云山、賀國(guó)強(qiáng)、王剛、、何勇等中央書記處同志來西柏坡集體學(xué)習(xí)考察。他們認(rèn)真參觀了西柏坡中共中央舊址和陳列展覽館，又視察了西柏坡荒山綜合治理工程，并來到西柏坡村民家中，親切慰問了當(dāng)?shù)乩相l(xiāng)，詢問了他們的生產(chǎn)、生活狀況，與當(dāng)?shù)剜l(xiāng)、村干部和代表進(jìn)行了座談。在座談會(huì)上，同志發(fā)表了重要講話《堅(jiān)持發(fā)揚(yáng)艱苦奮斗的優(yōu)良作風(fēng)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的宏偉目標(biāo)》，指出，到西柏坡的目的是回顧我們黨帶領(lǐng)人民進(jìn)行偉大革命斗爭(zhēng)的歷史，重溫毛澤東同志在黨的七屆二中全會(huì)上的重要講話，牢記毛澤東當(dāng)年倡導(dǎo)的“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”，首先從自身做起，號(hào)召全黨同志特別是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部要牢記毛澤東同志倡導(dǎo)的“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”，大力發(fā)揚(yáng)艱苦奮斗的作風(fēng)，為實(shí)現(xiàn)黨的十六大確定的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)開創(chuàng)進(jìn)取、團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗。他強(qiáng)調(diào)指出：“全黨特別是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部要以身作則、率先垂范，做到權(quán)為民所用、情為民所系、利為民所謀。歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)都表明，一個(gè)沒有艱苦奮斗精神做支撐的民族是難以自立自強(qiáng)的，一個(gè)沒有艱苦奮斗精神作支撐的國(guó)家是難以發(fā)展進(jìn)步的，一個(gè)沒有艱苦奮斗精神作支撐的政黨是難以興旺發(fā)達(dá)的?！?/p>

以“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”為核心的西柏坡精神，已經(jīng)成為推動(dòng)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的強(qiáng)大精神動(dòng)力，讓我們?cè)诠ぷ髦袝r(shí)刻牢記“兩個(gè)務(wù)必”，樹立科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，始終保持黨的先進(jìn)性和純潔性，為實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的宏偉目標(biāo)而努力奮斗。

西柏坡陳列展覽的參觀到此結(jié)束了，在此感謝大家對(duì)我工作的支持和配合，希望大家對(duì)我的講解多提寶貴意見，真誠(chéng)的歡迎您再次到西柏坡。

第五篇：西柏坡英文簡(jiǎn)介

Bo the CPC Central Committee West Slope area of 16.44 thousand square meters site, with Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi, the former residence of Comrade Dong Biwu, the PLA headquarters site and the Chinese Communist Party will be the Seventh Plenary Session 2 site and other revolutionary sites 17.Zuo Zuo Taihang Mountains which a small mud hut, then a simple but neat piece of office supplies, reproduction of Mao Zedong, Zhu De and other older generation of revolutionaries of the late war of liberation, in the difficult times Xibaipo;eulogize the command of the three great men campaign, held the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Party to lay the basis of China's great achievements.2.Xibaipo exhibition display.System built in accordance with the natural mountains, sub-bottom two courtyards, namely, the main hall, order room and 22 exhibition halls with VIP reception room, construction area of 3344 square meters.Gallery to display a large number of pictures and information systems, introduced the latter part of the War of Liberation of the Central Working Committee and the CPC Central Committee, the PLA headquarters of the National Land Conference held in Xibaipo, organize and direct the three major campaigns, the convening of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Party's glorious achievements, etc.at the same time display of the tour after the founding of the community paid their respects Xibaipo spectacular.3.Xibaipo monument.To commemorate the birth centenary of Comrade Mao Zedong built Xibaipo monument, built in the many attractions of the central axis line, standing tall among the cypress pine.18.93 meters high monument.Monument name “Xibaipo” Department of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's handwriting;inscription Xibaipo Comrade Jiang Zemin wrote the inscription “bear in mind two musts, and building socialism with Chinese characteristics.” Beizuo around the “CPC Central Committee came to Siebel discrimination, land meetings, the three major campaigns, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh and went to Beijing to nation-building” and other major historical events, artistic reliefs on microfilm at the 4, the image reveals the history of Xibaipo contribution and the party during this period of great practical activities.String 4

4.5 secretary of the statue.Exhibition stands at the central square of Mao Zedong, Zhu De.Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi, five secretary of the statue, art to reproduce the history of our party's central leadership of the great image, they are a model of solidarity, democracy and the spirit and courage to win a role model.5.Charisma Sculpture Garden.Site is located south of the CPC Central Committee sculpture park, with anti-Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi, Dong Biwu and other revolutionary style of the six groups of sculptures and nearly 30 poems by Mao Zedong and other revolutionaries of the older generation of stone, set flowers, trees and sculpture on the whole, to give the audience a taste of leaders of both the living style, but also get the enjoyment of the United States.6.Chou En-lai reviews monument.Exhibition Square, was built in the southern end of Chou En-lai reviews monument, really Zhou Enlai, February 26, 1973 for reviews of the manuscripts Xibaipo: “Xibaipo is the Chairman Mao and the Party Central Committee to enter Peking, the liberation of the whole of China's last rural command post , directing the three campaigns at this, open the Party's Seventh Plenary Session 2 on this.”north Ze Yi in Chinese and English-style engraved Chou En-lai's comments.It is by far the most complete of the Xibaipo, refining, a high degree of generalization.7.The flag-raising platform.Gallery is located in the central square in front of a flag-raising units, is the imitation Beijing's Tiananmen Square flag-raising Taiwan scaled down carefully designed and built.Covers an area of 11 square meters, 20 meters high galvanized flagpole stands tall in the center of the square.Platform is resistant to wind erosion by the “General Red” granite paved, railings produced by Beijing Fangshan white marble.Whole building beautifully elegant, exquisitely carved.Xu breeze, the flag fluttering in the breeze, and sunshine, clouds shine into the fun, and for the revolution has added a magnificent monument landscape.String 8

8.Merit the monument built in the tour route at the Crossroads.Cibei to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Comrade Mao Zedong has given Xibaipo support units and individuals who built,donated by the Shijiazhuang Municipal Construction Commission.Bei Shen is a majestic red shape on three sides, the external from the grass Bai railing corsets.On both sides of the monument are incised gold-filled characters “merit monument.” “Yijuan Inscription”, introduced during the 100th birth anniversary of Comrade Mao Zedong's support of the community situation, recorded since December 1992 to December 1993 on the Xibaipo donation of 196 units and a full list of individuals.9.Xibaipo stone garden located surrounded by water, green trees set off, showing island-shaped cypress slope Ridge, an area of 8,000 square meters, architectural design draws on classical architecture and the characteristics of the southern garden, red tiles cover the whole building roof, white walls surround, Beilang circuitous, and blue sky embraced as interesting.Walls inlaid with black marble, engraved with the inscription of the older generation of revolutionaries, and calligrapher who praise of Xibaipo, a total of more than 300 pieces of calligraphic works.Center Inscriptions me the party first, second and third-generation leaders Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin's authentic.Into the island, can tour the island garden landscape, but also boating on the lake shore;Walk Forest of Stone Tablets, can appreciate the works of different schools of calligraphy, but also watch different styles of architectural sketches.