第一篇：英語語法高中英語定語從句解題六關(guān)

英語語法高中英語定語從句解題六關(guān)

一.選準(zhǔn)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞都代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，如果該從句中缺少主語、表語、賓語或定語，就要用關(guān)系代詞來連接從句；如果從句中缺少狀語，就得用關(guān)系副詞來連接從句。例如：

（1）I still remember the days which / that we spent together.（2）I still remember the days when we worked together.二.了解僅用that 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的幾種情況

that 在限制性定語從句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情況下，只能用that 來引導(dǎo)定語從句：

1.先行詞是all , much , few , little , everything , anything , nothing 等不定代詞時。例如： Is there anything that you want to buy ?

2.先行詞被all , few , little , much , every , some , no 等詞修飾或被the only , the very , the same , the last 等限定詞修飾時。例如： These are all the pictures that I have seen.This is the very dictionary that is of great help.3.先行詞既指人又指物時。例如：

My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.4.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。例如： Our school is not the one that it used to be.5.先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。例如： This is the best English film that I have ever seen.The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.6.主句是who 或which 引導(dǎo)的特殊問句時。例如： Who is the girl that is standing under the tree ? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday ?

三.把握“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用 介詞的選擇與主句中先行詞的搭配密切相關(guān)。例如： That”s the reason for which he was late for school.This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.注意：

1.定語從句中謂語動詞是含有介詞的動詞短語時，介詞應(yīng)放在動詞之后，不能拆開放在關(guān)系代詞前。

例如：This is the key which you are looking for.This is the baby whom you will look after.2.該結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，指物時用which.四.弄清as 和which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句指代整體時的區(qū)別

1.位置上的區(qū)別：as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置比較靈活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，還可插在主句的中間；而which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如： As is known to us all , the earth turns around the sun.The earth , as is known to us all , turns around the sun.The earth turns around the sun , as is known to us all.The earth turns around the sun , which our parents once told us when we were very young.2.詞義與聯(lián)系上的區(qū)別：

as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與主句之間有著較為密切的上下文聯(lián)系，as本身含有“正如”之意；

而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與主句之間在邏輯意義上近似并列句，which本身表示“這”或“這一點(diǎn)”之意。例如：

Light travels faster than sound , as we all know.Jack came late for school , which made his teacher angry.五.注意定語從句的主謂一致性

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語必須與先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。例如： Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA.Tom is the only one of the the boys who is from the USA.六.保持主句的完整性并避免從句成分的重疊

1.在定語從句中，不管出現(xiàn)任何情況，主句的結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整，即主句必須有主語和謂語，缺一不可，否則，整個主從復(fù)合句就無法成立。試比較：（1）Is this factory _____________ we visited last week ?（2）Is this the factory ____________ we visited last week ? A.which B.where C.what D.the one 分析：

第一題缺少表語，只有填D項(xiàng)才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的選項(xiàng)均為干擾項(xiàng)。第二題主句本身完整，應(yīng)填的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作visited 的賓語，故應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。

2.從定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞已經(jīng)代替先行詞獨(dú)立地或與相應(yīng)的介詞一起在定語從句中充當(dāng)了一定的成分，因此在定語從句中就不能再出現(xiàn)與關(guān)系代（副）詞重疊的成分。例如：

錯句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday? 分析：該題中that 已經(jīng)代替先行詞the train 在定語從句中充當(dāng)及物動詞took 的賓語，故重疊出現(xiàn)的賓語it必須刪去。

第二篇：高中英語定語從句詳解

高中英語定語從句詳解

◆英語諺語欣賞

1.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無成.2.It’s the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下

3.He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.甘當(dāng)小綿羊，遲早要喂狼.Ⅰ.概念：

(1)定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。

(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。(3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：

1)引導(dǎo)定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個連詞；

2)必在從句中作某個句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）常用的關(guān)系代詞: that、which、who、whom、whose、as 常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）: when、why、where The student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy(whom)you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定語從句三步： 第一找出先行詞；

第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）； 第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。

Ⅱ.幾個關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：

●that: 可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時，相當(dāng)于who或 whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句;不可置于介詞后作賓語)如： 1.A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語)2.Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3.You can take anything(that)you like.（賓語）

4.What is the question(that/which)they are talking about? 5.Here is the man(who/whom/that)you want to see.6.She's no longer the girl(that)she used to be before.（表語）7.Our hometown is no longer the one(that)it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.●which: 指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。如：

1.The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語）2.The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語）3.The factory in which his father works is far from here.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.（表語）

5.Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定語）6.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語;只可指人 whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語;只可指人

whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard.（主語）

All who heard the story were amazed.(代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor.（賓語）He's a man from whom we should learn.= He's a man(whom/who/that)we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）I'd like a room whose window faces south.（指物）=I'd like a room of which the window faces south.=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come 1.關(guān)系代詞 whose，引導(dǎo)定語從句時，既可指人，又可指物，在從句中只能作定語；of whom 只能指人；of which 只能指物，有時 whose 可以與 of whom 和 of which 互換使用。如： The girl whose hair is golden is from England.頭發(fā)金色的那個女孩是英國人。

The house whose doors are green is an office building.門是綠色的那座房子是辦公樓。2.“介詞 + whose +名詞” 引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：

I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard.我愛我的祖國，為了她美好的未來我要努力工作。

3.在下列情況下，一般只用 of whom 和 of which。

(1)定語從句的主語是 few, little, some, most, many, much等時，一般只用of whom和of which。

In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know.房間里有很多人，很多人我不認(rèn)識。He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read.他有很多故事書，有幾本故事書我還從未看過。

(2)定語從句的主語是數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級時，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager.那個老人有三個小孩，其中兩個是大學(xué)生，另一個是經(jīng)理。

(3)定語從句的主語是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代詞時，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard.我們班有五十個學(xué)生，所有這五十個學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都刻苦。

He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well.去年他栽了兩棵樹，這兩棵樹都長得好。

(4)在定語從句中作表語的定語時，一般只用of whom和of which。如： He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one.它有三兄弟，李蕾是他們中最小的一個。

There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.亞洲有很多國家，中國是最大的一個。

關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語: 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時, 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動詞詞組的含義。關(guān)系代詞who 和 that 用作介詞賓語時, 介詞必須放在句末.）

關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動，三意義（重中之重）1.一先，即根據(jù)定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。I never forget the day on which I came to this school.(on the day)2.二動，即根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan.(spend money on sth.)3.三意義，即根據(jù)定語從句的意義來確定介詞。

This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book(that/which)you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person(whom/who/that)I shook hands with? The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after.(介詞after與look構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of, hear ofaboutfrom, care for, look forward, pay attention to, listen to等)●as 的用法:(as 引導(dǎo)定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)①如為限制性的，多用于the same …as;the same as；such …as …;as many/much as；so …as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：

※I have the same book as you(have).我有一本和你的一樣的書。

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.(關(guān)系代詞as和指示代詞same連用, 在從句中用作表語, 先行詞是same.).---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?---I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in.I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定語從句）

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（結(jié)果狀語從句）

②如為非限制性的，多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為“正如，這一點(diǎn)”。（動詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.(as 作賓語)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health.（as 作主語）=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health.=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know.（as 作賓語）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.(賓語, 先行詞是前面整個句子)Ⅲ.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句: ●When 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞是表時間的名詞（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）

He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行詞為“時間名詞”，可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；還可以用which或that 引導(dǎo)，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。

比較: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作賓語）

Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.There are occasions when joking is not permissible.●Where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意：先行詞是“地點(diǎn)名詞”，定語從句可用where引導(dǎo)，還可用which或that引導(dǎo)，which/that 在從句中作主語或賓語。

比較: ※This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.（作狀語）

在高中的英語學(xué)習(xí)中，我們都知道，where在定語從句中用作關(guān)系副詞，作狀語，先行詞一般指地點(diǎn)。例如：

This is the farm where we worked when we were young.這就是我們年輕時候在此干活的農(nóng)場。

He met his wife in the park where they fell in love with each other.他是在這個公園遇到他的妻子，就是在那里，他們相愛了。

當(dāng)然，在實(shí)際的英語學(xué)習(xí)中，where在定語從句中的用法遠(yuǎn)不是這么簡單，相反，要復(fù)雜得多，為了讓學(xué)生對where在定語從句中的用法有更好的了解，下面我就對學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中的重難點(diǎn)問題談一談它的用法。

一、某些在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以與where 互換，where=in/at/on/...which 例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，并不是單純地讓學(xué)生知道where的這種用法就可以了，很多時候?qū)W生要掌握where和其他詞的用法的區(qū)別，才能更好地把握定語從句的用法。例如： This is the factory where/in which you worked last year.This is the factory that/which/you visited last year.在第一句中，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where或者in which，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句中worked 是個不及物動詞；而在第二句中，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做賓語，因此用that或which，還可以省略，visited是個及物動詞。學(xué)生有時還會碰到更復(fù)雜的情況。例如： Is this factory the one that/which/ you visited last year? Is this factory the one where/in which you lived last year? Is this the factory where/in which you lived last year? 這幾個句子比前面的兩個句子又復(fù)雜，除了要區(qū)別關(guān)系詞在定語句子作什么成分，還要注意到前兩個句子缺成分，所以要補(bǔ)充 the one。

二、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞

where引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但也有特殊情況。如果定語從句修飾point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語時，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。為了幫助同學(xué)們熟悉這一語言現(xiàn)象，正確掌握這一知識點(diǎn)，對where定語從句修飾抽象名詞的用法作一歸納。

1)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞point You reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了藥物無法治療的地步。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我們到了必須改一改的地步。

注：有時point也可以是具體的地點(diǎn)：

The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1.事故發(fā)生在A15與M1交叉的十字路口。

2)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情況下，mighty一詞可用作副詞。

3)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些失聰?shù)某晒ξ璧秆輪T們認(rèn)為，舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過讓人聽的活動。4)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。

5)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。

6)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞job She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能將她的管理技能派上用場的工作。

當(dāng)然了，我們碰到這些詞作為先行詞時并不一定都用where，我們也要具體情況具體分析，他們只有在定語從句中作狀語時才用where。

例如：We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.A.which B.that C.where D.when---Do you have anything to say for yourself?---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on.A.why B.where C.how D./ 上面兩個句子雖然先行詞相同，都是point，但是由于他們在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌?，所以我們在選擇關(guān)系詞時就要區(qū)別對待。第一個句子中關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語，所以選擇where關(guān)系副詞；第二個句子中關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做賓語，所以選擇關(guān)系代詞that，which或者不填，這樣第一題選擇C，第二題選擇D。

The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used.He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.This is the park which/that they visited last year.（作賓語）

Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.●Why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時，可用for which指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如：

The reason why / for which /(that)he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.I don't believe the reason(that/which)he gave me.（作賓語）

Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success?（作主語）Ex.)He was late.That's because he got up late..He got up late.That's why he was late.(表語從句)

(the reason)why/for which he was late.(定語從句)當(dāng)先行詞為way時，定語從句常用that, in which,或不用引導(dǎo)。way后的定語從句 的引導(dǎo)詞不用時較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如: This is the way(that)/in which I do such things.比較: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.Ⅳ.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別： 1.形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號隔開。2.語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that.3.語義上，限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個定語從句，整個句子就不完整或者會改變意思；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best.這就是我最喜歡的那本書。

Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics.北京是中國八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4.翻譯時，限制性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。（見上句翻譯）

比較: He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時用who, whom, whose , 指物時用which , whose;關(guān)系副詞when，where, why, etc.1.He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2.Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3.They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4.He was proud, which his brother never was.Ⅴ.幾個易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較: ●that & which: 在定語從句中，which 和that 在指代事物時，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.①先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people.2.There's nothing that can be said about it.3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? ②先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時。1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.The last place(that)we visited was the chemical works.You can take any(=whichever)seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.③先行詞是序數(shù)詞時或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.④先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.⑤先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時宜用that.如： 1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known.2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.⑥被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時.1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.⑦如果有兩個從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which ,另一個關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑧疑問詞是who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)。1.Which is the book that you like best? 2.Who is the man that is standing at the gate? ⑨主句是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞.如： 1.There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑩被修飾成分為表語時，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.1.That's a good book that will help you a lot.2.My home village is no longer the place(that)it used to be.定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況: ①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時.1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr.White lives? ②在非限制性定語從句中.1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died.2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.(which指代主句)③在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that, 另一個宜用which.1.Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2.At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.④當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時.1.Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑤先行詞本身是that, 宜用which.What's that which she is looking at? ⑥先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B)who & that: who 和 that 指代人時，有些情況宜用who, 而不宜用that

①先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時.如： 1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who(=Whoever)failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once 4.I don't like the ones(= those)who talk big.5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.②在There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who 指代人.如： 1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you.2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.③當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語時.如：

1.I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.④一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that ,另一個則宜用who, 以免重復(fù).如：

1.The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的異同

一、相同點(diǎn)

兩者引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，可指代主句中的部分或整個句子的內(nèi)容，在從句中做主語，賓語或表語，位于主句之后有時可互換。

The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.二、不同點(diǎn)

1.as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性從句只能位于主句之后。

As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.Air, as we know, is gas.2.在非限制性從句中，which后的be動詞不可省；as而后的be動詞可以省略。She told me she won the match, which was a lie.The material is elastic, as(was)shown in the figure.3.which在非限制性定語從句做主語時可用各類動詞做謂語；而as做主語時，謂語常用系動詞，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行為動詞。He saw the girl, which delighted him.He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.4.as常用“正如”含義，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有as we know（眾所周知）；as often happens（正如常發(fā)生的那樣）；as is often the case（情況常常如此）;as we all can see（正如我們看到的）;be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/ reported等。這些結(jié)構(gòu)常放句首，偶爾也可以放句中或句末。As is known to all, China is a developing country.Kate was late for school, as often happened.5.在非限制性定語從句中which指代主句中某一個單詞時，as不可以。My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital.6.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（介賓代物）”中關(guān)系代詞只能用which。

The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.7.從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，常用which。He can write a letter in English, which I can not.Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not 8.在非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞代表前面主句中的賓語從句時，常用which He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞省略與保留

我們知道，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略，但也有幾種特殊情況，關(guān)系代詞不用作賓語也可以省略，同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)和使用時請注意。

在下列情況下,引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞可以省略。

一、that在定語從句中作表語時。例如:

She is all(that)a teacher should be.她具備一個老師應(yīng)該具備的所有條件。

二、that在從句中作補(bǔ)語時。例如:

I'm not the fool(that)you thought me.我不是你以前所認(rèn)為的那個傻子了。

He is the nicest teacher(that)the students consider him in their school.他就是學(xué)生認(rèn)為學(xué)校中最好的那個老師。

三、作狀語時的省略。

1.當(dāng)先行詞是reason,且在定語從句中作原因狀語時,可以用關(guān)系副詞why或關(guān)系代詞that,也可以省略。例如:

The reason(why/that)he failed was his laziness.他失敗的原因是因?yàn)樗麘卸琛?/p>

That is the reason I did it.那就是我做那件事的原因。

2.當(dāng)先行詞是way,且在定語從句中作方式狀語時,關(guān)聯(lián)詞可用in which或that,也可以省略。例如:

The way(in which/ that)these comrades look at problems is wrong.這些同志看待問題的方式是錯誤的。

That was the way(in which / that)she worked the problem out.她就是用那種辦法解決問題的。

3.當(dāng)先行詞是time時,關(guān)聯(lián)詞可用when, that或省略。例如:

The second time(that)I saw him was in 2000.我第二次見到他是在2000年。

I don't know the exact time(when/ that)the sports meeting will take place.我不知道運(yùn)動會舉辦的確切時間。

4.當(dāng)先行詞是place時,關(guān)聯(lián)詞可用where,that或省略。例如:

The place(where/ that)we will have our picnic is not decided yet.我們舉行野餐的地點(diǎn)還沒定下來。

This is the right place he was born.這兒就是他的出生地。(注意:句末不可用介詞in)

同學(xué)們往往認(rèn)為關(guān)系代詞作賓語時就一定可以省略,其實(shí)不然.在下列四種情況下,關(guān)系代詞雖作賓語,卻不能省略。

一、在介詞+whom /which結(jié)構(gòu)中, whom, which不能省略。例如:

Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?你知道附近有可以買到花的商店嗎?

That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.剛才和我爸爸交談的那個人是校長。

二、在非限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如:

Mr Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school.格林先生是我們學(xué)校里最高的,你也認(rèn)識他。

The elephant is like a spear, as anyone can see.大象像長矛,任何人都知道。

三、在the same...as, such...as, as...as, the same...that結(jié)構(gòu)中, as, that 即使作賓語,也不能省略。例如:

I have bought the same bike as you(have).(指同類用as)我買了一輛和你的一樣的自行車。

This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday.這就是我前天讀過的那本書。(關(guān)系代詞that如要換成as, 則指與我讀的書一樣,而不是同一本。)

四、當(dāng)and, but, or等連詞連接兩個或兩個以上的定語從句修飾一個先行詞時,關(guān)系代詞第一個可省略,第二、第三個等不可省略。例如:

This is the book(which)I read yesterday and which I found very interesting.這就是我昨天讀的那本書,它很有趣。

You have many people around you(whom)you always turn to and whom you will never forget.你身邊有很多人,你經(jīng)常向他們求助,你永遠(yuǎn)不要忘記他們。

第三篇：高中英語定語從句說課稿

高中英語定語從句說課稿

本節(jié)說課的內(nèi)容是三年制高級中學(xué)英語語法定語從句。

一、分析教材

1、教材內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：

第一、定語從句的概念 第二、定語從句的分類 第三、定語從句的用法

2、教材的地位和作用：

定語從句是高中英語教學(xué)中的一個非常重要的語法，也是高考的一個熱點(diǎn)。在英語里，定語從句可以使一個繁瑣的句子變得非常簡潔，同時，它在人們?nèi)粘捴谐霈F(xiàn)的頻率特別高。定語從句掌握地扎實(shí)與否關(guān)系到一個學(xué)生英語水平的高低。因此，定語從句的學(xué)習(xí)和掌握在英語學(xué)習(xí)中有著重要的意義。

3、教學(xué)目的

根據(jù)教學(xué)大綱的要求，通過這一節(jié)課的教學(xué)，要使學(xué)生知道什么是定語從句和定語從句的分類，掌握定語從句的用法。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察能力、分析概括能力以及演繹推理能力等。還要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生探索求真知的精神，對學(xué)生進(jìn)行實(shí)踐觀點(diǎn)的教育。

4、教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)

定語從句是本課的主要內(nèi)容，與日常英語的應(yīng)用密切聯(lián)系，所以定語從句的概念與運(yùn)用是本節(jié)課的一個重點(diǎn)。對定語從句的復(fù)習(xí)，需要綜合應(yīng)用所學(xué)知識來解決原來的遺留問題，因而對句子分析和推理概括能力要求提高了。而高中生側(cè)重于對直觀現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行具體、形象的思維來獲得知識。因此這個知識點(diǎn)既是本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)又是難點(diǎn)。

培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的多種能力也是這節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)，這是素質(zhì)教育對現(xiàn)代教學(xué)的要求。

二、分析學(xué)生

大多數(shù)學(xué)生上進(jìn)心強(qiáng)，學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度端正，有良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，但是缺乏一定的探索研究問題的能力。

定語從句是學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中比較常用的語法，也是他們必須掌握的內(nèi)容。教學(xué)中要注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對英語的興趣，充分發(fā)揮主體作用，迎合他們好奇、好動、好強(qiáng)的心理特點(diǎn)，調(diào)動他們學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和主動性。

高中生的思維方式由形象思維向抽象思維過渡，因此在教學(xué)中應(yīng)注意積極引導(dǎo)學(xué)生應(yīng)用已掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識，通過理論分析和推理判斷來獲得新知識，發(fā)展抽象思維能力。當(dāng)然在此過程中仍需以一些感性認(rèn)識作為依托，可以借助多媒體設(shè)備加強(qiáng)直觀性和形象性，以便學(xué)生理解和掌握。

三、教學(xué)方法

這節(jié)課可綜合應(yīng)用提問、歸納、介紹、檢查、講授和討論等多種形式的教學(xué)方法，提高課堂效率，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對英語的興趣，激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲望。充分體現(xiàn)以教師為主導(dǎo)，以學(xué)生為主體的原則。創(chuàng)設(shè)英語情境讓學(xué)生參與語言實(shí)踐，邊動口邊思考。從語言分析總結(jié)出結(jié)論以調(diào)動學(xué)生的積極性。

四、教學(xué)程序

教學(xué)中要以了解、學(xué)習(xí)研究英語的方法為基礎(chǔ)，掌握知識為中心，培養(yǎng)能力為方向，緊抓重點(diǎn)突破難點(diǎn)，具體設(shè)計(jì)如下：

1、新課導(dǎo)入：

以創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境導(dǎo)入新課。學(xué)源于思，思源于疑，一上課便以聽歌曲填空的形式引入課題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析歌詞中的有關(guān)定語從句的句子，認(rèn)真分析句子成分，使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的求知欲和好奇心，調(diào)動學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和主動性。

2、講授新課：

任何語言學(xué)習(xí)都離不開語言實(shí)踐。這節(jié)課主要采用講授歸納的方法來建立定語從句的概念。我將一個定語從句列在投影上，讓學(xué)生分析這個句子的成分，從而導(dǎo)出兩個非常重要的內(nèi)容----先行詞和關(guān)系詞，然后逐一解釋。通過分析例句，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的分析能力、觀察能力，增強(qiáng)了他們的感性認(rèn)識。為了使學(xué)生能對定語從句有更進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識，這里我又采用提問的方法讓學(xué)生說出定語從句的分類，然后我對其進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步地解釋和說明，讓學(xué)生通過講解概括，總結(jié)出定語從句的分類。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我讓同學(xué)們回答出定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞有哪些，通過一些簡單的例句，讓學(xué)生知道每一個代詞在句子中起什么作用以及用法。在講解關(guān)系代詞與介詞時，我讓學(xué)生自己歸納出它們的規(guī)律，提高學(xué)生的概括能力，從而達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)的目的。在講解關(guān)系詞that和which、who和that、as和which這一環(huán)節(jié)時，我先讓學(xué)說出它們的特殊用法，然后我再進(jìn)一步加以闡述。從而，引出它們的特殊用法。

一、that和which的特殊用法：

1、有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which。

a、從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時,只能用that引導(dǎo)從句。

b、先行詞是all,something,nothing,anything等不定 代詞時,只能用that。c、先行詞既有人也有物時,只用that引出從句。d、先行詞是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all, any, only, just, very作修

飾時，只能用that。e、當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞 who或which時，只能用that。

2、定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that的情況。

a、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時。b、在非限制性定語從句中。

c、在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that，另一個宜用which。

二、who和that的特殊用法：

who、that在許多情況下可以通用，但有時宜用who不用that。a、先行詞是one(s),anyone,someone, those時，關(guān)系詞使用who。b、在there be 句型中，先行詞指人時，關(guān)系詞用who。

三、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別

as和which所代表的都是整個句子所表示的內(nèi)容,但是二者有兩點(diǎn)不同之處：

a、在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句可位于主句后面,也可位于主句之前；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句的前面。

b、在意義上，as定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如……”，“就象……”，而which定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which從句是對主句的評論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時候不能代替which。

針對關(guān)系副詞的復(fù)習(xí)，因其難度不大，我直接采用講解法，學(xué)生容易理解。關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有數(shù)種作用。a、在從句中代替先行詞。b、在句中作狀語。

c、連接作用，把兩個句子連接成為一個帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句。

同時，在解釋的過程中不斷穿插練習(xí)，達(dá)到鞏固復(fù)習(xí)的目的,體現(xiàn)精講精練的教學(xué)原則和我校提出的“四轉(zhuǎn)五讓”原則。

3、反饋和鞏固

在講解完所有語法點(diǎn)之后，為了更加有效地鞏固所復(fù)習(xí)的知識，我設(shè)計(jì)了兩種有針對性的習(xí)題練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生把掌握的知識運(yùn)用于實(shí)際語言操作中，從而達(dá)到知能并重的目的。

4、小結(jié)

最后通過小結(jié)，以表格的形式把本節(jié)課所復(fù)習(xí)的語法點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

5、板書設(shè)計(jì) GRAMMAR Attributive Clause

6、布置作業(yè)

Finish off the exercise paper.

第四篇：高中英語語法定語從句小結(jié)

定語從句

1.① 關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）

A.從句中謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與先行詞一致

one of +動詞復(fù)數(shù)-------He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai

the only one +動詞單數(shù)-------He is the only one of the students who has been to ShanghaiB.who/whom

介詞放在句尾，二者都可用------This is the girl(who/whom)we have been looking for.C.whose=of which

The classroomare broken is unoccupied.The classroomare broken is unoccupied.D.介詞+關(guān)系代詞

⑴v.+prep.which he had been⑵n.+prep.They are still living in the little house ’ve been⑶adj.+prep.The woker E.只用that

⑴.先行詞是最高級、序數(shù)詞

⑵.先行詞是all,some/any/no/every+thing ,none

或only,any,few,little,no,all,none of,the very+先行詞

⑶.先行詞既有人又有物

⑷.who/which…….that…..?

⑸…… which…….that……

② 關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)

A.when=on which

先行詞：occasion

B.where=in which

先行詞：case,point,situation,condition,stage

C.why=for which

先行詞：reason

2.A． when=and thenwhere=and there

B． as/which

(1)as在句前、句中、句后------which在句后

(2)非限制性定語從句放在主句之后，用as

定語從句是否定句或表示否定時，用which---He came here very late, which was unexpected

(3)As anybody can see

As we had expected

As often happens

As has been said before

As is mentioned above

As I understand

As appears

(4)As+被動語態(tài)------Which+主動語態(tài)

第五篇：高中英語語法教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 定語從句

高中英語語法教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)：定語從句講解與練習(xí)

定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常

出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）2）whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）

The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語）

18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

18.3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記與你共事的日子。

判斷改錯：

（錯）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A.where B.that C.on which D.the one

例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語）。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定語從句

1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）

2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

18.5 介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。

3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 18.6 as, which 非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?。典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it 答案B.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

（1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。

as 的用法

例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。

18.7 先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）

2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever

1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here.你要的動詞都送來了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒什么關(guān)系。2）who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：

（錯）Who breaks the law will be punished.（錯）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。

（對）Who robbed the bank is not clear.誰搶了銀行還不清楚。3）that 和 what

當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語從句時，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，是個不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你會喜歡這些郵票的。

What we need is more practice.我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。

18.9 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法 1）不用that的情況

a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。例如：

（錯）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介詞后不能用。例如：

We depend on the land from which we get our food.我們依賴土地獲得食物。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。

c）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。

d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.e）先行詞既有人，又有物時。例如：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。定語從句練習(xí):

1.This is the train ____ we went to Shanghai.A.by which B.by that C.whose D.where 2.--Have you ever been to Rome?

--No, but that's the city________.A.where I most like to visit B.I'd most like to visit

C.which I like to visit most D.where I'd like most to visit 3.He keeps a record of everything

he had seen there.A.he

B.that

C.which

D.what

4.Mr.John said that Suzhou was the first city

he had visited in China.A.that

B.where

C.which

D.what

5.The TV play I watched last night is the best one I have watched this year.A.which

B.what

C.whose

D.that 6.Is this the museum you visited the other day?

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one 7.This is the very film

I've long wished to see.A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom

8.There is no difficulty

can't be overcome in the world.A.that

B.which

C.who

D.what

9.Who is the person

is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whom

10.As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ______they can not work out.A.that B.if C.in order that D.as

11.The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery（托兒所）.A.that

B.where

C.what

D.when

12.This is the last time

I shall come here to help you.A.that

B.which

C.when

D.what

13.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whom 14.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him whit the way _________-he behaves.A.which

B.what

C.／

D.how 15.This is the baby

tomorrow.A.after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after

C.whose I shall look after D.after whom I shall look after 16.She was no longer the woman

she was.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.her 17.That's the hotel last year.A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed 18.The doctor did all to save the wounded boy.A.what he could B.That he could

C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 19.Anyone

this opinion may speak out.A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 20.The place

you are standing used to be an old church.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when 21.You've made the same mistake you made last time.A.as

B.like

C.which

D.that

22.It is not such an interesting magazine

I thought.A.as

B.that

C.which

D.／ 23.you know, he is a famous musician.A.As

B.which

C.That

D.／

24.Mr Zhou，native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages.A.whose

B.his

C.which

D.that

25.I took my friend to the Summer Palace，we had some photos taken.A.where

B.which

C.that

D.／ 26.Do you remember the day your sister graduated as a Master of Arts? A.which B.on which C.about which

D.／

27.The bus, was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd.A.which of most

B.most of which C.which of the most D.most of that 28.We all remember the days we studied together at school.A.which B.that C.when D.／

29.Do you know the reason

he didn't come? A.that

B.which

C.for

D.why

30.He is the only one of the three got the new idea.A.who have B.whom have C.who has D.whose had 31.I'm one of the students well in English in my class.A.who does

B.who do

C.which does

D.who did 32．-Have you read the books?

-Yes, I’ve read all the books _____ you gave me.A.which B.what C.that D.who

33.This is the very place _____ the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over sixty years ago.A.that B.which C.where D.there

34.That young girl is not the one _____ she used to be.A.that B.who C.whom D.what

35.He has four dogs, the biggest _____ is called Wang Wang.A.that B.about which C.of which D.which

36.The old lady had one son and two daughters, _____ treated her well, ____ made her very sad.A.all of them;which B.none of whom;which C.both of whom;which D.neither of whom;that

37.The hard-working farmers and their happy life_____ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us.A.whom B.who C.which D./ 38.The young fellow standing under the tree, ____ is good at English, is from Beijing.A.who B.which C.when D.that

39.We visited the factory _____ makes toys for children.A.where B.which C.in which D.at which

40.They said that the host had enough glasses for each guest, _____ were handed down from his grandfather.A.who B.that C.which D.Whose 41.This is all_____I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.which D.whether 42.This is the job _____they laughed.A.which B.that C.at that D.at which