第一篇：導(dǎo)游英語 大全

Ying County Wooden Pagoda

Located in Yingxian County, Shanxi province in central China, it was built completely with timbers, hence the name.The Wooden Pagoda was first constructed in the second year of the Qingning reign period(1056)of the Liao Dynasty.The Liao was a feudal dynasty set up by Qidan ethnic group in north China from the 10th to the 11th century.To consolidate its rule, the Liao rulers advocated Buddhism and went in for large-scale construction of Buddhist temples and pagodas in Shanxi and Hebei, including the Wooden Pagoda in Yingxian County.The pagoda holds many Buddhist statues and numerous murals of the Liao Dynasty, featuring bright colors and vivid appearances, which are China’s artistic treasures.In ancient China, it was the place where the rulers of the past dynasties worshipped Buddha, as well as the Lookout Tower for commanding and observing wars.The octagonal Wooden Pagoda in Yingxian County is 67.13 meters high, and the diameter of the first story is 30.27 meters.The exterior of the pagoda is divided into five stories, but there are actually nine stories in the interior, including four built-in stories.According to estimation, the construction of the pagoda used more than 3,500 cubic meters of timber, weighing about 3,000tons.The Wooden Pagoda has withstood weather erosion, and many wars and strong earthquakes for 950 years, but it stands towering like a giant, with a slight leaning.It is a model of the Chinese ancient wooden structures, a great wonder in the Chinese architecture history, and a unique example in the world.(from Marvel of china,207-208)

應(yīng)縣木塔：與比薩斜塔、巴黎鐵塔齊名的古老木塔。

應(yīng)縣木塔又稱佛宮釋迦塔，為遼清寧二年（1056）建造，距今已有950年的歷史，是我國現(xiàn)存最古老、保存最好的木建筑。塔身全部為木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)，通體沒有一釘一鐵，全靠斗拱、柱梁鑲嵌穿插吻合連接而成。塔身呈平面八角，六檐五層，夾有暗層四級(jí)，遠(yuǎn)處看去狀如蓮花盛開。塔建成300多年至元順帝時(shí)，曾經(jīng)歷大地震7次，但巋然不動(dòng)；20世紀(jì)，軍閥混戰(zhàn)時(shí)，木塔身中200余枚彈片也依然矗立不動(dòng)。

木塔自建成后，歷代名人掛匾題聯(lián)。塔內(nèi)現(xiàn)存明、青及民國、聯(lián)54塊。塔內(nèi)每層都有塑像，頭層釋迦佛高大肅穆，頂部穹窿藻井給人以天高莫測(cè)的感覺。（來自《走遍山西》，P128,中國旅游出版社）Terms and phrases:

Timberwork 木工作業(yè)(木結(jié)構(gòu))Rammed earth construction 夯土結(jié)構(gòu) Structure and layout 結(jié)構(gòu)和布局 Colored glaze roof 玻璃屋頂 Appliqué 貼花，貼花秀 Central axis 中軸線 Symmetrical 對(duì)稱的

Civil construction 土木建筑，民用建筑 tile瓦片

vermilion 朱紅，朱砂 copper door knocker銅門把手 superstition 迷信

shrine圣地，圣壇，神圣場(chǎng)所 verandah 游廊，走廊

釋迦木塔位于應(yīng)縣城內(nèi)西北佛宮寺內(nèi)，俗稱應(yīng)縣木塔。建于遼清寧二年（公元1056年），金明昌六年（公元1195年）增修完畢。是我國現(xiàn)存最高最古的一座木構(gòu)塔式建筑。為全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。(朱艷，運(yùn)城學(xué)院大外部)

Ying County Wooden Pagoda began to built in 1056 A.D.and finished construction in 1195A.D..It is the highest and oldest pure timber tower structure now existent in China and a National Key Cultural Relics Preservation Unit.木塔建造在四米高的臺(tái)基上，塔高67．31米，底層直徑30．27米，呈平面八角形。第一層立面重檐，以上各層均為單檐，共五層六檐，各層間夾設(shè)暗層，實(shí)為九層。因底層為重檐并有回廊，故塔的外觀為六層屋檐。各層均用內(nèi)、外兩圈木柱支撐，每層外有24根柱子，內(nèi)有八根，木柱之間使用了許多斜撐、梁、枋和短柱，組成不同方向的復(fù)梁式木架。有人計(jì)算，整個(gè)木塔共用紅松木料3000立方，約2600多噸重，整體比例適當(dāng)，建筑宏偉，藝術(shù)精巧，外形穩(wěn)重莊嚴(yán)。Built on a 4-meter base, the tower shows an octagonal structure and it is 67.31 ms high and the diameter of the base floor is 30.27 ms.The tower looks like a six-storey building since the first floor has double eaves.There are ,in fact, nine floors inside the tower since there is an extra floor between the two storeys.(不清楚)Each storey is supported from both the inner and outer circles.As for each storey, there are 24 pillars outside and 8 pillars inside with different wooden structures interlinking them.It is calculated that the tower is over 2600 tons in weight and had used 3000 m2 of timber totally.The building is well-proportioned,.magnificent and exquisite as well.塔身底層南北各開一門。二層以上周設(shè)平座欄桿，每層裝有木質(zhì)樓梯，游人逐級(jí)攀登，可達(dá)頂端。二至五層每層有四門，均設(shè)木隔扇，光線充足，出門憑欄遠(yuǎn)眺，恒岳如屏，桑干似帶，盡收眼底，心曠神怡。塔內(nèi)各層均塑佛像。第1層為釋迦牟尼，）高11米，面目端莊，神態(tài)怡然，頂部有精美華麗的藻井，內(nèi)槽墻壁上畫有六幅如來佛像，門洞兩側(cè)壁上也繪有金剛、天王、弟子等，壁畫色澤鮮艷，人物栩栩如生。二層壇座方形，上塑一佛二菩薩和二脅侍。三層壇座八角形，上塑四方佛。四層塑佛和阿難、Ananda 迦葉 Mahakasyapa、文殊文殊師利Manjusrikumārabhūta、普賢像。五層塑毗盧舍那如來佛和人大菩薩。各佛像雕塑精細(xì)，各具情態(tài)，有較高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。塔頂作八角攢尖式，上立鐵剎，制作精美，與塔協(xié)調(diào)，更使木塔宏偉壯觀。塔每層檐下裝有風(fēng)鈴，微風(fēng)吹動(dòng)，叮咚作響，十分悅耳。

On the base floor there are two gates in the south and north respectively.Railings are built around each storey above the second storey.Wooden stairs are fixed on each floor for visitors to ascend to the top.They are four doors every floor from the second to the fifth where visitors are able to enjoy the fantastic views of Mount Heng.Statues of Buddhas are erected in each storey.Inside the first storey, an 11-meter-tall statue of Sakyamuni looks dignified and contented.Exquisite caisson ceilings decorate the roof and six portraits of buddhas are painted on the wall.On each of the walls of the doorway, portraits of vajra, heavenly king and Buddha’s disciples are painted vividly and colorfully.Inside the second storey, statues of a Buddha, two Bodhisattvas and two attendants are sculpted on a square pedestal.Inside the third storey, statue of a Buddha of four directions is sculpted on an octagonal pedestal.Inside the fourth storey, statues of Buddha, Ananda, Mahakasyapa, Manjusri Bodhisattva and Samantabhadra are sculpted.Inside the fifth storey, statues of Buddha and Bodhisattva are sculpted.All of the statues, with various expressions, are exquisitely carved and thus show a high artistic value.The crest of the pagoda,in an octagonal structure, erects with an iron Bhddhist temple on it and this iron temple is made in fine craftsmanship and matches harmoniouslty with the pagoda.As for each eaves, there are small bells tinkling with the breeze.應(yīng)縣木塔Sakyamuni的設(shè)計(jì)，大膽繼承了漢、唐以來富有民族特點(diǎn)的重樓形式，充分利用傳統(tǒng)建筑技巧，廣泛采用斗拱結(jié)構(gòu)，全塔共用斗拱54種，每個(gè)斗拱都有一定的組合形式，有的將梁、坊、柱結(jié)成一個(gè)整體，每層都形成了一個(gè)八邊形中空結(jié)構(gòu)層。設(shè)計(jì)科學(xué)嚴(yán)密，構(gòu)造完美，巧奪天工，是一座既有民族風(fēng)格、民族特點(diǎn)，又符合宗教要求的建筑，在我國古代建筑藝術(shù)中可以說達(dá)到了最高水平，即使現(xiàn)在也有較高的研究?jī)r(jià)值。

The design of the wooden pagoda daringly inherited the architectural styles with ethnic characteristics since the Han and Tang Dynasties.The pagoda completely employs the traditional architectural techniques, the corbel brackets, totaling 54 kinds of the technique and each with a different combination form.The whole pagoda is scientifically designed and perfectly constructed.The pagoda, with superb craftsmanship, is a mixture of ethnic styles and religious requirements.It had reached the summit of the architectural art in ancient time and has a relatively high value for research.木塔自建成后，歷代名人掛匾題聯(lián)，寓意深刻，筆力遒勁，為木塔增色不少。其中：明成祖朱棣于永樂四年（公元1406年），率軍北伐，駐宿應(yīng)州，登城玩賞時(shí)親題“峻極神功”；明武宗朱厚照正德三年（公元1508年）督大軍在陽和（山西陽高縣）、應(yīng)州一帶擊敗入塞的韃靼小王子，登木塔宴請(qǐng)有功將官時(shí)，題“天下奇觀”。塔內(nèi)現(xiàn)存明、清及民國匾、聯(lián) 54 塊。對(duì)聯(lián)也有上乘之作，如“拔地擎天四面云山拱一柱，乘風(fēng)步月萬家煙火接云霄”；“點(diǎn)檢透云霞西望雁門丹 岫小，玲瓏侵碧漢南瞻龍首翠峰低”。此外，與木塔齊名的是塔內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一批極為珍貴的遼代文物，尤其是遼刻彩印，填補(bǔ)了我國印刷史上的空白。文物中以經(jīng)卷為數(shù)較多，有手抄本，有遼代木版印刷本，有的經(jīng)卷長(zhǎng)達(dá)30多米，實(shí)屬國內(nèi)罕見，為研究我國遼代政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化提供了寶貴的實(shí)物資料

Many horizontal inscribed boards and inscribed couplets left by celebrities in history add beauty to the pagoda.Besides, the pagoda is also known for the precious cultural relics of the Liao Dynasty ,especially the colour printing which fills the blank in Chinese printing history.Sutras take the majority of the relics including books copied by hand and books of Liao-dynasty block-printed edition and some scriptures are as long as 30 meters, which is rare in China.All these provide precious real objects for studying the politics, economy and culture in the Liao Dynasty, 應(yīng)縣佛宮寺釋迦木塔，歷900多年的風(fēng)雨侵蝕、地震戰(zhàn)火，至今仍保存完好，除其塔基牢固，結(jié)構(gòu)謹(jǐn)嚴(yán)外，歷代不斷維修也是重要原因，特別是中華人民共和國成立后，進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的修繕和管理。1953成立了文物保管所，1974年至1981年，國家撥大量?？睿{(diào)撥優(yōu)質(zhì)木材對(duì)木塔進(jìn)行全面搶修，使這座當(dāng)今世界上保護(hù)最完整、結(jié)構(gòu)最奇巧，外形最壯觀的古代高層木塔建筑煥然一新，巍然屹立。并以其悠久的歷史、獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格和高超的建筑技術(shù)，吸引著國內(nèi)外游客。Up till now, Ying County Wooden Pagoda has sustained over 900 years of erosion, earthquakes and wars and is presently preserved in perfect condition.Then, what can account for this? In addition to its solid foundation and well-knit structure, continuous maintenance in history is a key reason.Especially after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, systematic restoration and management have been conducted.In 1953, a cultural relics preservation station was established and from 1974-1981 special funds had been allocated to assemble and transfer fine quality timber to do thorough rush repairs and thus enabling the pagoda to take a new look and attract visitors from both home and abroad with its long history, unique architectural style and superb craftsmanship.

第二篇：英語導(dǎo)游

Emergencyability1、Becauseoftheobjectivereason，thetourgroupwanttoleaveinadvance，asalocalguide，howtodealwithit?

1，thelocalguideshouldasfaraspossibletosavetime，arrangethetourintheplan;2，reporttothetravelagency，contactwiththehotel，returntheroom，dinner，busandsoon.3，asfaraspossibletoinformthenextstationtochangethereceiptplan.2、Accordingtothereceiptplanandreservationtime，localguidecan’treceivethegroup，howtodealwithit?

1，immediatelycontactwithtravelagency，andfindoutthereason;2，contactwithairportandaskifthegroupboard;3，ifdon’t’needmuchtime，localguidecanstyattheairport;4，ifpostponeistoolong，thelocalguideshouldrearrangereceiptaffairsaccordingtothetravelagency.3、Howtoavoidleavingoutthereceipt?

1，readthereceiptplan，knowthegroup’sarrivaldate，time，receiptplace，numberoftrainandsoon;2，checkthecorrectarrivaltime;3，arrivethestationhalfanhourinadvanceandwaitforthecomingofthegroup.4、Howtodealwiththemistakeinreceipt?

1，ifthemistakeishappenedbetweentwogroupsinthesameagency，nolongerexchangethegroupsunlessthetravelagencydon’tagreewithit;2，ifmistakehappensinanothertravelagency，theguideshouldimmediatelyreporttotheravelagencyandtrytoassoonaspossibleexchangethegroupsandmakeapologytothetourist.5、Howtoavoiddelayingtheairplane?

1，thelocalguidewiththenationalguideshouldfixtheticketsinadvance，checkandconfirmthedate，time，number，destinationandsoon.;2，beforeleaving，don’tletthetouristgotothecomplexplaceandsoon;3，arrangeabundanttimegtotheairportandmakesurethatthegroupleavinglocation，helptocarryoutthecheck-inprocedure，andleaveontime.6、Howtodealwithdelayingtheairplane?

1，immediatelyreporttothetravelagency，askforhelp;2，assoonaspossiblecontactwithairport，andtrytoletthetouristleavewiththerecentairplane;3，stabili

in the next period will be my master lead the horse around with our beautiful Shandong, during this tour you can the hearts to us, first to our hearts is assured that the drivers on the master it, because our instructors have many years of driving experience drivers seat of his car can be fast and stable, another heart is happy on to me Well, maybe I'm not the best guide, but I will come with the most sincere heart to serve you.If you have any views on the way in tourism or requests please come to me and horse master will make every effort to serve you, your satisfaction is my greatest wish, and we come together from all over the country because of affinity.times fly so quickly and your visit to shanxi province is drawing a close before we part ,I would like to say a few words.first I thanks everybody everybody in the group has been very co-operative ,friendly ,understanding andpunctual.as your tour

guide ,I was much appreciated

china is a developing country ,and tourism is a new born thing ,the problems you have met on the trip were know to everyone , the point is that we should treasure our friendship and experience.however this is the beginning of our friendship we believe that this friendship will continue to grow in the future ,parting is such sweet sorrow , happy to meet ,sorry to depart ,and happy to meet again.Welcome come to shanxi province again

Bon voyage!

Bey-bey!

第三篇：導(dǎo)游英語

各位游客朋友們：

大家好！歡迎來到我們美麗的隴南觀光旅游。請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我代表我們陽光旅行社對(duì)各位的到來表示熱烈的歡迎，同時(shí)道一聲大家一路辛苦了。我是大家這次隴南之旅的導(dǎo)游，我姓宓，在我身邊的是司機(jī)張師傅，張師傅有多年的駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以大家在行車的過程中可以完全放心。在隴南的這兩天游玩里，將有小宓和張師傅為大家提供服務(wù)。我們衷心的希望成為大家的好朋友，如果在本次旅行當(dāng)中大家有什么問題或要求，可以盡管提出來，我們會(huì)盡全力為大家去解決。我們中國有句俗話“百年修得同船渡”，今天我們能相聚在同一輛車上，是我們的緣分，希望大家可以珍惜這點(diǎn)緣分，互相照顧，并請(qǐng)大家配合我的工作，同時(shí)要注意車箱內(nèi)的衛(wèi)生。在我們的共同努力下使我們的這次隴上小江南的旅行圓滿成功！好了，現(xiàn)在我給大家簡(jiǎn)單說一下我們今天的行程安排，大家也可以做到心里有數(shù)。今天上午我們?nèi)ビ斡[武都萬象洞，明天我們轉(zhuǎn)程去參觀宕昌的官鵝溝和大河壩森林公園。在這里請(qǐng)大家注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

一、由于景點(diǎn)位于市內(nèi)鬧市區(qū),車輛較多，請(qǐng)大家一定要注意安全。

二、停車場(chǎng)同樣的車可能會(huì)較多，請(qǐng)大家不要上錯(cuò)了車！記住我們的車牌號(hào)甘k88888，三，一定注意安全 不僅是人身安全還有財(cái)物安全，四，這兩天我們會(huì)住在龍海賓館，大家住的是雙標(biāo)房，大家可以自由組合，大家拿到房卡后不要著急休息，檢查一下東西是否齊全，如果缺什么可以打電話到總臺(tái)，服務(wù)員會(huì)給你送上來。五，等會(huì)我會(huì)給每個(gè)人發(fā)一個(gè)有我們旅行社標(biāo)志的帽子，請(qǐng)大家隨時(shí)戴上，這樣不容易走失。那我就講這么多，請(qǐng)大家不要嫌我啰嗦，最后，預(yù)祝大家此行游的開心、玩的盡興！謝謝！

第四篇：導(dǎo)游英語

It is my honor and privilege to be your tour guide.I will spare no efforts to make you comfortable and happy during this trip.If you have some questions or want some help, please feel free to contact me.On our way to the destination, I’d like to give you a brief introduction of Xuanwu Lake.Xuanwu Lake is in the central-northeast part of Nanjing, it nears Nanjing Railway Station and Ji Ming Temple.It is surrounded by three mountains in three directions: the Zijing mountain to the east, the Jizhao mountain and Fuzhou mountain to the south and the Mufu mountain to the north.The Ming city wall borders the park to its south and east.The lake covers 472 hectares.Xuanwu Lake is one of Nanjing Zhongshan state-level scenic spots and an important part of the national AAAA class tourist attractions.It is the largest comprehensive park in Nanjing with the function of entertainment, leisure and exercise.So beautiful it is, Xuanwu Lake can be compared with Xihu Lake.Now, we arrive at the gate of the park.Please get off the bus one by one, then I will show you around the park.Now, let’s begin our trip.Xuanwu Lake contains five oasises, namely Huan zhou, Ying zhou, Liang zhou, Cui zhou and Ling zhou.Now we are walking along the circle-shaped road which leads us to the first oasis---Huan zhou.There are lakeside rocks and rockeries in the oasis, which shows the beauty of garden architecture in southern China.Among those rocks, the “Guanyin and Tongzi”.are the most famous.They are heritages of the zhongshan amir, Xuda ,during the Ming Dynasty.Besides,There are Lama Temple and Nuona pagoda in this part.Please follow me!Let’s walk across this bridge, and here it is.We are now at Ying zhou.It is an oasis in an oasis and it gained its name for its beatuful cherry flowers growing all around.Every spring flowers bloom, which attracts millions of tourists.Let’s move to next scenic spot, Liang zhou.During the Liang Dynasty, prince Liangzhaoming built a terrace for reading in this oasis, which gave it its name.It was said that prince Liang gathered thirty thousand books and called for many scholars and talents to write essays.At last, they worked out the first analects of poems and essays which exerted a great impact on the study and development of literature.Unfortunately, prince Liang died of uncured disease early.People named the oasis Liang zhou to honor this hard-working prince.I want to mention that Liang zhou is the most beautiful oasis among the rest four oasises.You can find Lake Temple, Lansheng Tower, Lotus pavilion, Taoran pavilion and other historical sites here.You will appreciate the charms of natural landscape, especially the lotus pond.Cui zhou is to the east of Liang zhou.It is characterized by its green pines, cypresses, bamboo and willow.Besides, Music terrace and outdoor theater can be found here.What we are seeing now is the central oasis---Ling zhou.It borders Zhongshan mountain in the east, which gives it inviting views.There is a bird park in the oasis and it is the largest bird park in China.More than ten thousand rare birds are protected in this park.You can not only see a large number of beautiful and exotic birds but also watch bird performances in the park.You can even feed some birds in person.Now, it’s your time!You can walk around the Xuanwu Lake freely and enjoy the scenery as you like.I hope you enjoy your time here!Two hours later, we’ll meet at the gate of the park.By the way, please put an eye on your luggage and don’t forget the time.My dear friends, when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many places of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun's original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him “Dr.Sun Yat-sen”.Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan” as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer's family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshan City), Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out, restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership” and the Three People's Principles-“Nationalism, Democracy and the People's Livelihood.” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year's day(January 1, 1912)Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on, Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai's usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People's Principles and put forward Three people's New Principles.He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb?

It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31, 1912 Mr.Sun resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place where the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said “If possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun's mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect Mr.Sun's wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen's Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum.They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum.Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi's design, a design in the shape of a bell, was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr.Sun's death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929.It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project, and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum.The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr.Sun's remains were transported from Beijing to Nangjing.From then on, Mr.Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing.In order to meet Mr.Sun's coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east;it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road.Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads.At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate.Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built.Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York, the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are proud of their boulevards.And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products.Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now, we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent.According to Lu Yanzhi's design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.Duo's sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.The design reminds the people of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's well-known saying “The revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation.The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.Now, please look to the south.There is an octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou.The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails.The copper “ding”(an ancient cooking vessel)with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg.IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum.The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr.Dai jitao.One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”.These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao's mother's handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters high and 17.3 meters in width.It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The word in English mean fraternity.They were written by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu's “Fraternity is humanity ”.It is said that Mr.Sun very much liked to write these two words to others.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum.The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.In order to embody the greatness of Mr.Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high.In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn.Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside, situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind.The pines, cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr.Sun's revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City.The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area.IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep.It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr.SunYat-sen's handwriting.It means that the state doesn't belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.This is the goal for which Mr.Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People's Principles.We have passed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion.The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”.These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai.When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr.Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write.Because they thought that Mr.Sun's merits couldn't be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr.Sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we'll see numerous layers of steps.The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge(known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge).So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform.Look, there are two big copper “ding”.They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time.Now, please look carefully.There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”.Why? Just let me tell you.In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun's son Sun Ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity.The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters.If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290.In order to avoid monotone, the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number;it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber.They are the major parts of the Mausoleum.The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer.If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer.So when the later generation mentions him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of an ancient wooden palace style.It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles.The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief-“Naturalism” “Democracy” and “The people's livelihood”.These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun's revolutionary activities.Above “Democracy”, there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun's handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province.The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China.There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each.You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yat-sen's handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China.The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos.They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine.The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr.Sun Yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide.It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland.He was entrusted by the committee of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Funeral for sculpting it.He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue.In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris.Its total cost was 1.5 million francs.The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr.Sun's life and revolutionary activities.Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper.The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese.The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun's handwriting for the 72 martyrs' tomb in Harangue Mound of Guangzhou.The second door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr.Sun Yat-sen's tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape.The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome.The floor of the round room is covered with marble.The room's diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters.The walls are covered with pink marbles.The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails.In the pit lays Dr.Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit.This is sculpted in accordance to Mr.Sun's remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor.His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr.Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts.The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.They insisted that Mr.Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit.Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, I'm afraid you must be concern about whether Mr.Sun remains are in the tomb or not.In fact, his remains had a unusual experience.After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925.When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr.Sun's remains and decided to burn them.It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains.Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again.On May 28, 1929, Mr.Sun's coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum.After the Grand Ceremony of Feng'an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it.The bottom of the tomb is granite.Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time.Because it was not an easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT.At last Chang gave up the plan.So the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park.The back wall of the park is an “Exhibition of Construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the process of the transportation of Mr.Sun's remains.Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr.Sun.Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese.The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot.IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr.Sun's birthday.Ladies and gentlemen, Mr.Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years.He carried out the three principal policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days.The great feat Mr.Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad.After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr.Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years.People come here to pay homage to Mr.Sun.Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits.I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.At that time, when hearing this.Dr.Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.OK, thank you very much for your cooperation.Good-bye and good luck!

Expo 2010 Shanghai China

世博會(huì)會(huì)徽 Expo emblem

世博會(huì)徽標(biāo) Expo Logo

世博會(huì)吉祥物 Expo Mascot

世博會(huì)紀(jì)念品 Expo Souvenir

世博園 Expo Park

世博會(huì)主題 Expo theme

世博園區(qū) the Expo Site

主題館 the theme pavilions

國際館 International Pavilion

主題館 Theme Pavilion

企業(yè)館 Enterprise Pavilion

中國館 China Pavilion

世博會(huì)村 the Expo Village

世博中心 the Expo Center

世博餐飲中心 Expo Dining Center

專題討論會(huì) symposium

志愿者 volunteers

城市，讓生活更美好 Better city, better life.公共服務(wù) public service

信息中心 the Information Center

服務(wù)中心 the Service Center

急救中心 the Emergency Center

世博急救中心 Expo First-aid Center

國際會(huì)議中心 International Convention Center

金融貿(mào)易區(qū) Finance and Trade Zone

保稅區(qū) free Trade Zone

故居 Former Residence of

影城 Film Art Center

市中心 downtown

志愿者 volunteers

黃浦江 the Huangpu River

商廈 Commercial Building

地標(biāo) landmark

路標(biāo) the road sign

公共交通 public transport

紅綠燈 traffic lights

輕軌站 the light rail station

過江隧道 tunnels under the river

輪渡 ferry

專線大巴 the shuttle bus

園內(nèi)巴士 the on-site bus

518路公共汽車站 No.518bus stop

地鐵站 a metro station

地鐵8號(hào)線 Metro Line 8

停車場(chǎng) the parking lot

叫輛出租車 hail a taxi 停車 park one’s car

旅游景點(diǎn) tourist attractions

游客 tourist

導(dǎo)游 guide

入口處 entrance

外灘 the Bund

豫園 the Yu Garden

東方明珠 the Oriental Pearl Tower

上海大劇院 Shanghai Grand Theatre

金茂大廈 Jinmao Tower

世紀(jì)大道 Century Boulevard

夜游 night tour

不夜城 sleepless city

滄海桑田 ups and downs of time

長(zhǎng)江三角洲 the Yangtze River Delta

磁懸浮列車 maglev train(magnetically levitated train);magnetic suspension train

大都市 metropolis;cosmopolis;metropolitan city;cosmopolitan city

東方明珠塔Oriental Pearl TV Tower

東海之濱的明珠 the pearl on the coast of the East China Sea

國際展覽局 BIE International Bureau of Exhibitions

龍華寺 Longhua Temple

外灘 the Bund

信息港 infoport

黃浦江游cruise along the Huangpu River

玉佛寺 Jade Buddha Temple

豫園 Yu Yuan Garden

金貿(mào)大廈 Jinmao Tower

城隍廟 Town God’s Temple

上海國際會(huì)議中心 Shanghai International Convention Center

(南浦，楊浦，徐浦，盧浦)大橋 Nanpu/ Yangpu/ xupu/ lupu(suspension)Bridge

(浦東)濱江大道 Riverside Promenade

外灘觀隧道 Sightseeing Tunnel at the Bund

(浦東)世紀(jì)公園 Century Park

上海體育館Shanghai Stadium

上海大劇院 Shanghai Grand Theater

上海科技館 Shanghai Science & Technology Museum

虹口足球場(chǎng) Shanghai Hongkou Football Stadium

上海植物園Shanghai Botanical Garden

水族館 aquarium

第五篇：導(dǎo)游英語

導(dǎo)游英語常用詞匯 group visa 集體簽證 departure lounge 出境旅客休息室 3 board the plane 上機(jī) 4 take oof 起飛 5 exit visa 出境簽證 6 luggage rack 行李架 7 platform ticket 站臺(tái)票 8 express extra ticket 特快票 mother-and-child room 母嬰候車室 10 identity card 身份證 foreign escorted tour 國外派導(dǎo)游的旅游團(tuán) 2 final itinerary 最終旅行路線 3 full appointment 全項(xiàng)委托 best-selling China-tours 最暢銷的中國旅游路線 5 entertainments and diversions 娛樂或變換節(jié)目on-shore visit 上岸參觀 estimated time of arrival 預(yù)計(jì)抵達(dá)時(shí)間 8 travel arrangements 旅行安排 9 mini destination area 中途小目的地 10 sightseeing tour 觀光旅行 type of accommodation desired 要求住宿的類型cash in advance 預(yù)付現(xiàn)金 3 cash payment on departure 離店現(xiàn)付 4 automated bill 自動(dòng)開賬單 5 ambulatory room 殘疾人專用房 6 hold mail 留交郵件 registration form of temporary residence臨時(shí)住宿登記表change slip 客人住房變動(dòng)單 9 assistant manager 經(jīng)理助理 10 basement car park 地下停車場(chǎng) customs luggage declaration form 海關(guān)行李申報(bào)單 2 unaccompanied baggage 非隨身載運(yùn)行李 3 luggage chek-in counter 行李過磅處 4 parking area 停車場(chǎng) 5 transfer passenger 轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)旅客 6 airport inquiries 機(jī)場(chǎng)問訊處 7 tour leader 旅游團(tuán)領(lǐng)隊(duì) 8 time difference 時(shí)差 non-smoking room 禁煙室 10 reception program 接待計(jì)劃 朝圣的游客 pilgrim 2 登上探險(xiǎn)旅行 mountaineering and adventure tour 3 發(fā)源地 cradleland 4 懸崖峭壁 sheer cliffs and steep mountains 5 道教圣地 the Taoist Holy Place 6 溫泉 hot spring 7 自然景觀 natural wonders 8 常青樹 evergreen trees 9 日出 sunries 10 海拔 above sea level 11 免費(fèi)行李限額 free baggage allowance 12 超重費(fèi) excess baggage charge 13 登機(jī)口 boarding gate 14海關(guān)官員 customs officer 15 返程票 return ticket 水族館 aquarium 2 傳統(tǒng)文化 traditional culture 3 自然美景 natural beauty 4 商業(yè)區(qū) commercial district 5 工業(yè)園 industrial zone 6 高新技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū) Hi-tech Development Zone 7 高速公路 expressway 8 立交橋 flyover 9 地鐵 underground 10 兒童樂園 children’s playground 精選路線 selected itinerary 2 附加旅游項(xiàng)目 add-ons 3 自由活時(shí)time for personal arrangements 4 特別服務(wù)要special service requirement 5 組團(tuán)人數(shù) group size 6 民俗旅游 folk custom tour 7 行業(yè)考察旅游 trade observation tour 8 路線圖 itinerary map 9 旅游者過夜數(shù) guest night 10 延長(zhǎng)逗留 extension of stay

1自然保護(hù)區(qū) natural reserve 2 水上公園 water park 3 風(fēng)景點(diǎn) scenic spots 4 民俗風(fēng)情 folk custom 5 人造奇跡 man-made wonders 國際雜技節(jié) International Acrobatic Festival 7 名勝古跡 places of historic interests 8 黃鶴樓 Yellow Crane Tower 9 魚米之鄉(xiāng) the land of rice and fish 10 建筑技術(shù) construction technology 11 辦手續(xù) go through the formalities 12 合單結(jié)賬 one bill for all 13 儲(chǔ)存貴重物品 store the valubles 14外幣兌換 foreign currency exchange 國內(nèi)航線 domestic flight 2 海關(guān)手續(xù) customs formalities 3 手提行李 hand luggage 4 航班號(hào) flight number 5 免稅商店 duty-free shop 6 旅客聯(lián) passenger coupon 7 行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)牌 baggage claim card 8 入境簽證 entry visa 9 軟臥 soft berth 10 旅客通道 passenger route

odd customer 散客 hard sleeper 硬臥 hard seat 硬座

upper(lower)berth 上（下）鋪 hard berth 硬臥 soft berth 軟臥 硬臥客車sleeping carriage with semicushioned berths 硬臥票Berth Ticket

硬臥車third class sleeping carriage;YW

The Great Wall長(zhǎng)城

ancient civiization古代文明

the wonders in the word世界奇跡

the Pamir Pateau帕米爾高原

the roof of the word世界屋脊

defensive project防御工程

the northern nomadic tribes北方游牧民部落

scenic spot景點(diǎn)

Spring and Autumn Warring States Period春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期

the Warring States Period戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期

the strategic point戰(zhàn)略要地

harassment騷擾

the Huns匈奴

the op Nur ake羅布泊湖

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)

fourishing period盛世

the remnant forces殘余勢(shì)力 tribe of“Nu Zhen”女真族

the conciiation poicy or good-neighbor poicy 睦鄰友好政策 the commanding point制高點(diǎn) woves'dung狼糞

“convenient transportation to a directions” 四通八達(dá) the parpets女兒墻，矮墻

“Eight Views of Vanjing” 燕京八景 “The Crossing Road Pagoda” 過街塔 “Goden-Winged-Bird”金翅鳥 the Four Heaveny Kings四大天王 the Buddha of Ten Directions 十方佛 arms and ammunition武器彈藥(軍火)“doube sides battements” 雙邊垛

“branch was” 支墻

battements垛口

protrusion突起物，突起的部分

the“Barrier Wa” 障墻

sheer ciffs懸崖峭壁

“Heaveny adder” 天梯

“Heaveny Bridge” 天橋

“Watching the Capita Tower” 望京樓

ooking-Toward BeUing Rock 望京石

centraize feuda country中央集權(quán)制的封建國家

standardized the currency統(tǒng)一貨幣

burn books and bury the iterati in pits焚書坑儒

Yae University耶魯大學(xué)(美國)

the rairoad engineering facuty of the civi—engineering department 土木工程系(鐵路工程專業(yè))

major in civi and raiway engineering鐵路專修科

B.S.degree理學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位

China Raiway Company 中國鐵路公司

faacy 謬論

perseverance堅(jiān)忍不拔，不屈不撓

cimb叩his and down daes翻山越嶺

the first-hand materia 第一手材料

ocomotive火車頭

two vertica wes and six cutting edges method 豎井施工和六面工作法

Pass Vaey關(guān)溝

Nankou Pass南口

Juyongguan Pass居庸關(guān)

Shangguan Pass上關(guān)

the Ming Tombs 明陵

natural calamity 自然災(zāi)害

make a livelihood謀生

take tonsure出家，削發(fā)為僧

beg alms化緣

the Red Turban Peasant Army 紅巾軍

hereditary system 世襲制度

the eldest son長(zhǎng)子

wiping out the evils around the emperor/wiping out evil for the country清君側(cè)

whereabouts下落，行蹤

“Thirteen Ming Tombs” 十三陵

strategic position戰(zhàn)略要地

“Auspicious Area”吉壤

the western geomancy 西方泥土占卜

geomancer泥土占卜者(風(fēng)水先生)

the Yellow Earth Hill黃土山

the Dragon Hill龍山

the Tiger Hill虎山

the Heavenly Longevity Hill 天壽山

“Officials and others should dismount from their horseback” 官員人等至此下馬

palanquins轎子

tortoise龜

“Tablet of Divine Merits and Sagely Virtue of Chang Ling of the Great Ming”.大明長(zhǎng)陵神功圣德碑

filial piety 孝順

Stone Statues石象生

Dragon and Phoenix Gate龍鳳門

Flame Gate火焰門

the“Heavenly Gate” 天門

The five stone altar-pieces石五供

the netherworld 陰間

human sacrifice/human offerings人殉

abrogate 取消，廢除

commit suicide 自殺

abolish廢除

Soul Tower 明樓

“precious castle and precious dome”寶城，寶頂

“Divine Merit Stele” 神功圣德碑

elixir煉仙丹

Crown Prince皇太子

ascended the throne登基

archaeologist考古家

excavate/excavation挖掘

archaeological team考古隊(duì)

“Diamond Wall”金剛墻

the Underground Palace 地宮/地下宮殿

panoramic view 全景

unearth發(fā)掘，出土

reproduction復(fù)制品，贗品

gold crown金冠

phoenix crown鳳冠

precious stones 寶石

Sri Lanka斯里蘭卡

gold ingots and silver ingots金錠，銀錠

the funeral object殉葬品，隨葬品

wooden figurine 木俑

taper off逐漸…細(xì)，小

pivot樞軸

rational 合理的 gravity重心

axle軸

Self-Acting Stone 自來石

five glazed pottery altar-pieces琉璃五供

the“Ever Lasting Lamp”長(zhǎng)明燈

wick燈芯

the coffin-platform/the coffin dais棺

the Tempe of Heaven 天壇

the Tempe of Heaven and Earth 天地壇

the Tempe of Earth 地壇

the Atar of Prayer for Grain祈谷壇

worship the God of Heaven 祭天

pray for good harvest祈谷

the 15th day of the first unar month正月十五

winter sostice 冬至

summer sostice 夏至

bumper harvest大豐收

sacrificia ceremony祭祀儀式

pray to the Heaven for rain祈雨

sacrificia activities祭祀活動(dòng)

circuar shaped buiding圓形建筑

the heaven was round and the earth square天圓地方

cone-shaped圓錐形

dark bue gazed ties深藍(lán)顏色的琉璃瓦

the Ha of Great Sacrifice大祀殿

the Ha of Great Enjoyment大享殿

cement水泥

nai釘子

dovetai structure鳩尾榫、懸拱結(jié)構(gòu) bars木條，木桿 aths板條 brackets托架 joints榫、接頭 rafters椽子

the 28 consteations 28星宿 “Dragon-We Piars”龍井柱

the tweve divisions of the day and night or the 1 2 two-hour period in Chinese 十二個(gè)時(shí)辰 24 soar terms in traditiona Chinese unar caendar 24節(jié)氣 36 big Dippers on the heaven 36天罡 the Dragon and Phoenix Stone龍鳳石 Heaveny Storehouse天庫

the worshipping ceremony祭祀儀式

kowtow three times and nine prostrations三叩九拜 the seventy-two section connected house七十二聯(lián)房 the Dippers北斗七星 meteorite 隕星 Taoist priest道士 “gate of he”鬼門關(guān) Way of Spirit神道 the Imperia Road御道 the Road ofKing王道

the imperia chariot皇輦/皇輿 sacrificia garment祭服 span-work拱形

the principe of dynamics力學(xué)原理 taper off逐漸變細(xì)、逐漸減少 shrine龕

Manchu and Han anguages滿文和漢文 prayers祈禱文

“Dragon Paviion”龍亭 hermeticay嚴(yán)絲合縫/密封

the Heaven-Worshipping Atar祭天壇 the ninth-tier sky九重天

the Heaveny Heart Stone 天心石 mutipe of nine九的倍數(shù) circumference 圓周

the conductibiity of the sound waves聲音傳導(dǎo) a good omen吉兆

the Heaven Worshipping Ceremony祭天儀式 the Supreme Harmony Be太和鐘 ushering the God of Heaven迎帝神 presenting offerings祭帝神

seeing the deities off送帝神 “beamess ha”無梁殿

the three-day fast齋戒三天 pious虔誠的 abstain from戒…

abstain from the handing of crimina cases不理刑名 inner Paace of Abstinence 內(nèi)齋宮 outer Paace of Abstinence外齋宮

the Fasting Bronze Figure Stone Paviion齋戒銅人石亭 “fasting board”齋戒牌

the“figure of abstinence”齋戒銅人

the famous minister Weizheng of the Tang Dynasty唐朝宰相魏征 the music officia engqian of the Ming Dynasty明朝樂官冷謙 the eunuch Gangbing of the Ming Dynasty明朝太監(jiān)剛炳

The Summer Paace頤和園

the best-preserved imperia garden保存最完好的皇家園林

ongevity Hi萬壽山

Kunming ake昆明湖

disorder雜亂無章

masterpiece杰作

The Goden Hi Paace金山行宮

Goden Water Pond金海

Jar Hi甕山

Jar Hi Pond甕山泊

Kubai Khan忽必烈

hydrauic expert水利專家

Yuanjing Tempe園靜寺

the Wonderfu Imperia Residence好山園

Three His and Five Gardens 三山五園

Fragrant Hi香山

Jade Spring Hi玉泉山

ongevity Hi萬壽山

Garden of Everasting Spring暢春園

Garden of Perfection and Brightness 圓明園

Garden of Cear Rippes清漪園

Garden of Tranquiity and Brightness靜明園

Garden of Tranquiity and Peasure靜宜園

Tempe of Gratitude for ongevity大報(bào)恩延壽寺

Tempe of Paying Great Gratitude and Wishing for ongevity 大報(bào)恩延壽寺

the Yangtze River長(zhǎng)江(揚(yáng)子江)

the Ango-French Aied Forces英法聯(lián)軍

pinch勒索，詐取

the navy fund海軍軍費(fèi)

curry favor with sb.討好某人

the Aied Forces of Eight Powers八國聯(lián)軍

Beijing Municipa Government北京市政府

cear away the sudge清淤

anter角

hoof蹄子

the Ha of Diigent Government勤政殿

bat蝙蝠

on informa occasions非正式場(chǎng)合

the Great Theatre Buiding or the Big Stage大戲樓，大戲臺(tái)

The Studio of Unimpeded Sound暢音閣

The Studio of Cear Sound清音閣

makeup化妝

the Ha of Peasure Smie頤樂殿

rickshaw人力車

vintage car老式轎車

toerate容忍，忍受

daiy necessities日常生活用品

happiness，emoument，ongevity福，祿，壽

ceestia being神仙，天仙

devis妖魔鬼怪

a hundred birds paying homage to the phoenix百鳥朝鳳

a peacock dispaying its fu pumage孔雀開屏

embroidery刺繡

Yuexiu粵繡(廣東)Xiangxiu 湘繡(湖南)Suxiu蘇繡(蘇州)Shuxiu蜀繡(四川)narcissus水仙花

Peking Opera fan京劇戲迷

gassware玻璃器皿

Famiy Bankruptcy Rock敗家石

chandeiers枝形吊燈

make a big fortune發(fā)筆大財(cái)

the Gate of Greeting the Moon邀月門

Guinness word Record吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄

the Word Cutura Heritage世界文化遺產(chǎn)

A long，long life萬壽無疆

Six Harmonious Tower六和塔

the statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva with thousand hands and eyes

the ongevity Hi and Kunming ake 萬壽山昆明湖

the portraits of Buddha of three ages三世佛像

mura paintings壁畫

fairies and goddesses天仙神女

千手千眼觀音菩薩

“Beamess Ha” 無梁殿 be survived幸存

boundess magic power法力無邊 Five-Square Paviion 五方閣 the bronze fiings銅屑 wax moud撥蠟法

“Notes in ongevity Hi and Kunming ake” 萬壽山昆明湖記

chant scriptures誦經(jīng)

favorite concubine寵妃

be put under house arrest軟禁

the Reform Movement in 1898戊戌變法

“Patform for Freeing the Caught”放生臺(tái)

free captive fish and birds 放生

“Water can carry a boat，and it aso can capsize a boat” never be overturned永不顛覆

Chinese stationery 文房四寶

ake Boundary Bridge界湖橋

oca Song Bridge豳風(fēng)橋

Jade Bet Bridge玉帶橋

Mirror Bridge鏡橋

White Sik Bridge 練橋

Wiow Bridge柳橋

Pengai Fairyand蓬萊仙島

The Tempe of Dragon King龍王廟

the God of Rain雨神

coupet對(duì)聯(lián)

be brought under contro被控制

Khitan契丹族人

diehard foower死心塌地的走狗

the Garden within a Garden 園中園

Hui Shan Garden惠山園

Jichang Garden寄暢園

take a nap午睡、小憩

The Studio of Distant Views 眺遠(yuǎn)齋

Tower for Watching the Tempe Fair看會(huì)

the eight“interests” 八趣

Interest of the four seasons時(shí)趣

Interest of water 水趣

Interest of bridge橋趣

Interest of caigraphy書趣

Interest of paviion樓趣

Interest of painting 畫趣

Interest of corridor廊趣

Interest of imitation仿趣

水能載舟，亦能覆舟

“Fresh View Tower” 矚新樓

Forbidden City故宮(禁城)

Purpe Forbidden City紫禁城

Imperia Paace皇宮

The Paace Museum故宮博物院

the North Star北極星

astronomer天文學(xué)家

consteation星座、星宿

The 1911 Revoution辛亥革命

God of Heaven上帝

the son of the heaven天子

cosmic center宇宙中心

north-south centra axis南北中軸線

watch-tower角樓

the outer court and the inner court外朝內(nèi)廷

the six eastern paaces and six western paaces東西六宮

the word heritage世界遺產(chǎn)

UNESCO(the United Nations' Educationa，Scientific and CuturaOrganization)聯(lián)合國教科文組織

the meridian ine子午線

Five-Phoenix Tower五鳳樓

to announce the new unar year caendar 頒布次年歷書

the ceremony of“accepting Captives of War” 獻(xiàn)俘大典

“Court Beating”廷杖

the paace examination殿試

Confucius孔夫子

Benevoence仁

Righteousness義

Rites禮

Inteigence智

fideity信

to ward off the evi spirits避邪

prosperity of the roya famiy's offspring/the fertiity of the imperia famiy子嗣昌盛

three kowtows and nine prostrations 三叩九拜

caudron大缸

the Aied Forces of Eight Powees八國聯(lián)軍

thousands of dragons spouting water千龍吐水

the Ha of iterary Gory文華殿

the Paviion of the Source of iterature文淵閣

the Compete ibrary in the Four Branches of iterature四庫全書

sundia 日晷

grain measure嘉量

time measure計(jì)時(shí)器

rotation of the earth地球自轉(zhuǎn)

incination ange斜角

gazed ties琉璃瓦

auspiciousness吉祥

subdue fire降火、克火

evi spirits妖魔鬼怪

Throne ha/the Ha of God Throne金鑾殿

Winter Sostice冬至

Manchuria滿洲國

Puppet Emperor傀儡皇帝

war crimina 戰(zhàn)犯

be given amnesty大赦

botanica garden植物園

“From Emperor to Citizen”《我的前半生》

territoria integrity領(lǐng)土完整

Be Open and Above Board正大光明 water cock銅壺滴漏

chiming cock 自鳴鐘

Roman numbers羅馬數(shù)字

The Offices of the Privy Counci軍機(jī)處

Just and Benevoent中正仁和

The Room of Three Rare Treasures三稀堂

power behind the throne/hoding court behind the curtain垂簾聽政

Summer Resort避暑山莊

Paace coup宮廷政變

sma pox天花

100-day Reform百日革新

the Reform Movement in 1898戊戌變法

under house arrest軟禁

the Ha of Manifesting Obedience體順堂

“Euogy of ongevity”萬壽無疆賦

Nine Dragon Screen/Nine Dragon Wa九龍壁

Dayu Harnessing Foods 大禹治水

the ceestia gobe天球儀

The Ha of Imperia Peace欽安殿

King of Xuan wu玄武帝

the twin cypress tree連理柏

Coecting Eegance Hi 堆秀山

The Imperia View Paviion御景亭 Chizaotang螭藻堂

the Essence of Compete ibray in the Four Branches of iterature 四庫全書薈要

The peasant uprising農(nóng)民起義

Five Eement五行

rice paper宣紙

Coa Hi煤山

Prospect Hi景山

Dominating Hi鎮(zhèn)山

Emperor皇帝

Empress皇后

Empress Dowager皇太后

Concubine妃子

Eunuch 太監(jiān)

Paace maids宮女

Tian'anmen Rostrum 天安門城樓

The Gate of Heaveny Succession 承天門

the Imperia City 皇城

Imperia Edict Issued by Goden Phoenix 金鳳頒詔

the Minister of Rites 禮部官員

the Ministry of Rites 禮部

sik cord 絲帶、絲絳

reserve 留作專用

nine-room wide and five-room deep 九間寬五間進(jìn)深

The Book of Changes 《易經(jīng)》

The Atar of and and Grain 社稷壇

The Working Peope's Cutura Paace 勞動(dòng)人民文化宮

The Supreme Ancestra Tempe 太廟

The Imperia Bridge 御路橋

Royas'Bridge 王宮橋

Ministeria Bridge 品級(jí)橋

Common Bridge 公生橋

officias above the third rank 三品以上的官

sander piar 誹謗木、誹謗柱

signpost 路標(biāo)、指路牌

over watch 守候、監(jiān)視

the civi and miitary officias 文武官員

common peope 老百姓

audience 謁見

“The May 4th Movement”in 1919 1919年“五四”運(yùn)動(dòng)

“The March 18th Massacre”in 1926 1926年“三一八”慘案

“The December 9th Students'Movement”in 1935 1935年“一二·九”學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)

the guards of honor 儀仗隊(duì)

seamess stee tubes 無縫鋼管

rusty生銹

futter飄動(dòng)、飄揚(yáng)

the fag-raising ceremony升旗儀式

the fag-owering ceremony降旗儀式

at sunrise日出、黎明

at sunset日落

horizon地平線

miitary band軍樂隊(duì)

T-shaped square T形廣場(chǎng)

nationa embem 國徽

the 10，000-seat grand auditorium萬人大禮堂

the simutaneous interpretation同聲譯

the presidium主席臺(tái)、主席團(tuán)

distinguished guests貴賓

cocktai party酒會(huì)

Standing Committee of the Nationa Peope's Congress 人大常委會(huì)

autonomous region 自治區(qū)

municipaity directy under the Centra Government直轄市

the specia administrative region特別行政區(qū)

the Nationa Peope's Congress全國人民代表大會(huì)(人代會(huì))

the Centra Committee of the Communist Party of China 中國共產(chǎn)黨中央委員會(huì)(黨中央)

the Chinese Peope's Poitica Consutative Committee 政治協(xié)商委員會(huì)

the Chinese Peope's Poitica Consutative Conference政協(xié)會(huì)議

the State Counci國務(wù)院

preparation office籌辦處

historica reics歷史文物

on dispay展出

cornerstone奠基石

granite花崗巖

obeisk方尖碑

“Eterna Gory to the Peope's Heroes”!人民英雄永垂不朽!

caigraphy書法、筆跡

peony牡丹花

otus-fower荷花

purity純潔

wreathes花圈、花環(huán)

dedication獻(xiàn)給

the Burning of Opium in 1840 1840年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)

the Jintian Uprising in Guangxi of 1851 1851年金田起義

the Wuchang Uprising in Hubei of 1911 1911年武昌起義

the May 4th Movement of 1919 1919年五四運(yùn)動(dòng)

the May 30th Movement of 1925 1925年五卅運(yùn)動(dòng)

the Nanchang Uprising in Jiangxi of 1927(August 1st Uprising)南昌起義(八一南昌起義)

the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945 抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)

Successfu Crossing of the Yangtze River by the Peope's iberation Army in 1949人民解放軍勝利橫渡長(zhǎng)江

“Suppying the Front”and“Greeting the P..A.”支持前線、歡迎人民解放軍

fortitude剛毅、堅(jiān)韌

nobiity高貴、崇高

scupture雕像、群雕

marbe reief大理石浮雕

pass away去世

tapestry掛毯

Such a beauty is our motherand!江山如此多嬌!crysta coffin水晶棺

the Arrow Tower箭樓