第一篇：雅思寫作中關(guān)于下雨的各種表達(dá)

雅思寫作中關(guān)于下雨的各種表達(dá)

下面是我搜集的雅思寫作中關(guān)于下雨的各種表達(dá)：

細(xì)雨/毛毛雨drizzle

急雨 rapid rain

猛烈的雨 driving rain

大雨heavy rain/downpour

茫茫大雨blinding rain

瓢潑大雨soaking/drenching rain

陣雨shower

旋轉(zhuǎn)的飛雨swirling rain

暴風(fēng)雨rainstorm/cloudburst

雷暴thunderstorm

devastating typhoon強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)

issue yellow alert發(fā)布黃色警報(bào)

land登陸

a fierce storm強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴

torrential downpours傾盆大雨

the bluster of the wind and rain狂風(fēng)暴雨

the violent thunderstorms強(qiáng)烈的雷暴

第二篇：雅思寫作中如何表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)

今天上海環(huán)球雅思老師竇攀美為大家?guī)砹搜潘紝懽髦腥绾伪磉_(dá)觀點(diǎn)的講解。

Expressing Thoughts and Opinions in Task-2 Essays

在雅思議論文中經(jīng)常被Native Speakers 用來表達(dá)看法與立場(chǎng)的英式短語&句型

在準(zhǔn)備雅思考試的學(xué)習(xí)者們往往更加重視對(duì)于單個(gè)單詞(individual words)的積累與使用，但是普遍并不重視對(duì)英語短語(phrases), 句型(sentence patterns)和固定搭配(collocations)的掌握與探究。以下短語和句型的表達(dá)會(huì)給考生的議論文帶來兩點(diǎn)的一筆。

lHave mixed views on…（人們）各持不同的看法

例句：It has around fifteen years since the Internet was first introduced into British households but people still have mixed views on whether it is a positive or negative influence on society.它在雅思考試中的常見反義短語和句型

Reach consensus on …(人們)對(duì)某事達(dá)成一致意見

例句:It will be difficult for people to reach a consensus on this issue.lbe a highly charged issue 是一個(gè)引起激辯的話題

Euthanasia(安樂死)is a highly charged issue in many European countries.它在雅思考試中的常見反義短語和句型

be a well-established fact(某事)是為人們所共知的事實(shí)

例句:It is a well-established fact that very young children learn best by rote.lThe tide of opinion is now running steadily against …目前的觀點(diǎn)普遍傾向于反對(duì)… 例句: The tide of opinion is now running steadily against the new traffic law.它在雅思考試中的常見近義詞短語和句型

The majority of people oppose…多數(shù)人反對(duì)…

例句:The majority of people oppose the proposed tax reform.lIt stands to reason that…（某現(xiàn)象）是符合常理的例句：It stands to reason that a child who is constantly criticized will grow up to have no self-confidence.它在雅思考試中的常見近義詞短語和句型

The concerns that …are well-justified.對(duì)于某事的擔(dān)心是完全合理的例句：The concerns that the new law will curtail NGO activities are well-justified.

第三篇：雅思寫作中這些表達(dá)不能用

雅思寫作中這些表達(dá)不能用

為什么自己的雅思寫作成績和預(yù)測(cè)估計(jì)的差好多?這是很多雅思考生產(chǎn)生的問題。有可能，你在寫作的過程中就用了不該用的詞句。下面就和小新一起來看看吧!

1.a lot of/lots of

這對(duì)詞組一般不要出現(xiàn)在academic essay中，考官已經(jīng)看煩了。可以用A considerable number of代替

2.Everything has two sides/every coin has tow sides

說了跟沒說一樣，明顯的事實(shí)，以后也不要用了。

3.Recently

這個(gè)詞不好。按照他們的說法就是too imprecise，沒有一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間?？梢杂?In the last 5 years?/since?.代替。

4.There is survey??

老師是這么說的：has there been?/only say this if you actually know of one。也就是說考官知道這些都是你編的，最好不要用了。

5.And，because，but

這三個(gè)詞我們還是經(jīng)常會(huì)用到。其實(shí)最好用in addition，therefore，however等代替。

6.不能用vivid來形容world

vivid可以用來說memories或者是dream之類的。

7.No one can deny that?/Undoubtedly

這2個(gè)詞組太絕對(duì)了，用來開頭并不合適。其實(shí)每個(gè)人都能持與你意見相反的態(tài)度。

8.in a word

很多人會(huì)用它來做conclusion.鬼佬的意見是：如果你準(zhǔn)備用這個(gè)詞組來引出你的觀點(diǎn)，那你最好用一個(gè)詞來概括，誰讓你是這么寫的呢

9.Nowadays

理由和3差不多，這個(gè)詞用在文章里顯得太普通了，老師的原話是it does not mean very much。

10.It is a well known fact?

最好不要用，有的考官會(huì)扣分。

11.advantages and disadvantages

換成merits and drawback 和pros and cons。

12.In my opinion，I dis/agree with this

這是多余的表達(dá)。When stating your opinion you follow with a fact，相信大家都能看懂，就不翻譯了

13.IELTS文章中千萬不能用縮寫

例如：I’m，在考場(chǎng)上別犯懶，平時(shí)最好也別寫縮寫，多多注意，養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣。

14.very不能用來形容delicious，lovely，fantastic，wonderful，amazing，gorgeous and huge.15.“as we all know?”“it can not be denied?”等極端詞匯

閱讀理解里做題，做到只要出現(xiàn)極端詞匯的題，99%都是錯(cuò)的——相信無論是應(yīng)試還是別個(gè)老師一定說過這句話。如果這條成立，為什么在自己的作文里還會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么“as we all know?”“it can not be denied?”除非你真的列舉一些不可推翻的事實(shí)，比如：中國是世界上人口最多的國家——可是太過事實(shí)的事實(shí)，往往對(duì)你的作文毫無用處，都是寫可寫可不寫的廢話。

第四篇：雅思寫作高分表達(dá)50句總結(jié)

雅思寫作精選50句單句練習(xí)，10詞內(nèi)單句，雅思?xì)v年來考試中的高分句子!資料中對(duì)句子高分的核心結(jié)構(gòu)做了簡(jiǎn)單的解析!絕對(duì)有用的一份資料哦!趕緊學(xué)起來吧~

1.Some students earn some extra cash from part-time jobs.學(xué)生們可以通過兼職工作賺到一些零用錢。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A earn some extra money from B

A從B處賺得零用錢

注：extra cash=pocket-money

2.Industrial particulates are mortally detrimental to one’s physique.工業(yè)懸浮顆粒對(duì)人的身體有致命傷害。

核心結(jié)：A be mortally detrimental to B

A對(duì)B有致命危害

3.Some parents feel hemmed-in by their daily routines.很多父母感覺他們被工作束縛住了。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A feel hemmed-in by B

A感覺受到B的牽制(束縛)

4.Give-and-take is common in any relationship.付出與給予是人類社會(huì)中的一種普遍關(guān)系。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A be common in any relationship

A是人類社會(huì)中的一種普遍關(guān)系

5.Youngsters are given to making mistakes.年輕人一定會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A be given to doing A一定會(huì)(做)。

6.Scientific developments have been fast and furious.科技發(fā)展業(yè)已一日千里。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A be fast and furious A一日千里。

7.In the abstract, women are more easy-going.從理論上來說，女性更加和藹。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：in the abstract 從理論上來說

8.A violent area is always the locus of poverty.一個(gè)充斥著暴力的地區(qū)總是貧困地區(qū)。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：locus 地點(diǎn)

9.It is too moralistic to condemn new lifestyles.譴責(zé)新的生活方式未免有些上綱上線。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.it is moralistic to do(做某事)顯得上綱上線。

2.condemn 譴責(zé)

10.The paranormal can be rarely explained.超自然現(xiàn)象很難得到解釋。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.A can be rarely explained A很難得到解釋。

2.paranormal 超自然的/ 超自然事物

11.Retirees are always unprepared for the oncoming boredom.核心結(jié)構(gòu)：退休者對(duì)于即將到來的枯燥生活總是毫無準(zhǔn)備。

（1.A be unprepared for B A對(duì)于B毫無準(zhǔn)備。

（2.oncoming 即將到來的

12.Massacres are often done by those unprepossessing loners.大屠殺的實(shí)行者總是那些不為人所注意的孤獨(dú)者。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：unprepossessing 不為人所注意(關(guān)注)的

13.The suggestion is weighted against average students.這個(gè)建議不利于一般學(xué)生。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A be weighted against B A不利于B

注：A be weighted against B

所表示的“不利結(jié)果”是深思熟慮后得出來的。

14.Conservative people are rather wedded to traditions.保守的人總是遵循傳統(tǒng)。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A be wedded to B A遵循B

“遵循”的其它表達(dá)方式：follow/ observe/ adhere to/ stick to/ abide by

15.The reason is not valid.這個(gè)理由站不住腳。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：valid 站得住腳的

16.The upshot would be win-win.結(jié)果將是雙贏的。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.upshot 結(jié)果

2.win-win 雙贏的

17.The criticism is trenchant indeed.這個(gè)批評(píng)的確是一針見血.核心結(jié)構(gòu)：trenchant 一針見血的

18.Trials and tribulations always lead us to success.歷練與苦難總是會(huì)引導(dǎo)我們走向成功。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：trials and tribulations 歷練與苦難

19.It is nothing but a piece of excuse.這不過是一個(gè)借口。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A be nothing but B A不過是B而已。

20.Fairness is the keystone of legislation.公平是立法的基礎(chǔ)。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：keystone 基礎(chǔ)

21.Dying patients are not loath to end their lives.垂死的病人情愿結(jié)束他們的生命。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A be not loath to do A情愿(做某事)

注：A be loath to do A勉強(qiáng)(做某事)

22.I obsess over those disabled children.我非常關(guān)注那些殘疾兒童。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A obsess over B A關(guān)注B

“關(guān)注”的其它結(jié)構(gòu)：A be preoccupied with B/ A concentrate on B/ A be engrossed in B(通常指對(duì)于工作與學(xué)業(yè)的關(guān)注)/ A be dedicated to B(通常翻譯為A致力于B)

23.We must bring perpetrators to justice.我們必須將違法者繩之以法。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：A bring B to justice A將B繩之以法。

24.I cannot tolerate the permissiveness in education.我無法容忍在教育當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)的縱容行為。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：permissiveness 縱容行為

25.In the face of a plurality of cultures, I feel befuddled.面對(duì)各種各樣的文化概念，我感覺頭暈?zāi)垦！?/p>

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.in the face of 面對(duì)

2.a plurality of 各種各樣的

3.befuddled 頭暈?zāi)垦?文氣用法，通常指對(duì)概念與觀點(diǎn)的茫然、不知所措)

26.Torrents of youngsters flood into universities in frenzy.如潮水一般的年輕人瘋狂的涌入大學(xué)。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.A flood into B A涌入B

2.in frenzy 瘋狂的(副詞結(jié)構(gòu))

27.Teachers tend to be magisterial.教師們總會(huì)有些專橫跋扈。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.A tend to do A傾向于(做)

2.magisterial 專橫跋扈的、權(quán)威的(反語或幽默說法)

28.When put in public eyes, the problem is magnified.在公眾的眼中，問題總會(huì)被放大。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.A put B in public eyes A將B置于公眾視線當(dāng)中。

2.magnify 放大(動(dòng)詞)

29.Offstage, celebrities do not behave differently from commoners.在日常生活中，名人與普通人的表現(xiàn)并無不同。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：offstage 在臺(tái)下、在日常生活中(副詞結(jié)構(gòu))

注：offstage的原意是演員為上場(chǎng)前的狀態(tài)。

其實(shí)，人生也是一場(chǎng)戲。在臺(tái)上、在公眾面前，人總是會(huì)盡量表示出自己優(yōu)雅、博學(xué)、幽默的一面(社會(huì)屬性)，雖然很少有人真正具備這些素質(zhì)。在臺(tái)下，我們總是會(huì)回歸自己的真實(shí)屬性(自然屬性)。難怪先古哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底講“人類的全部知識(shí)都是隱藏人類自身局限性與愚蠢的知識(shí)，我們很少能夠解釋真實(shí)的生活。”多么cynical(犬儒主義的、秉持懷疑論的)的一個(gè)哲人啊!

30.The rupture between two generations is caused by communication failure.兩代人之間的隔閡是有溝通不暢造成的。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：rupture 隔閡

注：rupture的原意是“斷裂”。

它最早被借用表示抽象關(guān)系還是在哲學(xué)專著《論道德的譜系》中。記得在4年前，北大的一些文學(xué)博士曾經(jīng)拿周星馳的電影風(fēng)格說事，講他的電影是后現(xiàn)代主義風(fēng)格。他們英文論文中曾有一個(gè)句子“His works mark the rupture between industrial and surrealistic works.”(他的作品標(biāo)志著工業(yè)電影與超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義電影的斷裂)。后來據(jù)星星自己講“我就是想拍電影，沒想成什么后現(xiàn)代主義大師?！?/p>

31.Much of pressure is self-inflicted.很多的壓力都是自己強(qiáng)加的。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：self-inflicted自己強(qiáng)加的

32.Many of trendsetters were not pioneers in their childhood.很多先驅(qū)者在他們的童年期并不是領(lǐng)袖。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：trendsetter先驅(qū)者

注：trend本意為趨勢(shì)，setter可理解為創(chuàng)造者?？芍^“時(shí)勢(shì)造英雄、英雄造時(shí)勢(shì)”。

33.Trepidation is usually caused by inferiority complex.恐慌感總是由自卑造成的。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.trepidation 恐慌

2.inferiority complex 自卑感(情結(jié))

注：complex的形容詞意為復(fù)雜的，名詞為情結(jié)(心理學(xué)詞匯)。復(fù)雜就是糾結(jié)、情結(jié)也是糾結(jié)。就是沒事和自己較勁!

34.It is hard for us to figure out the definition on an infant prodigy.我們很難得出天才兒童的定義。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.figure out 得出

2.infant prodigy 天才兒童

注：中國古代有個(gè)名篇叫《傷仲永》，不知大家看過沒有?文中的protagonist(主人公)小小年紀(jì)就可以寫poem(詩)，也許還能寫acrostics(藏頭、尾詩)。我小的時(shí)候只勉強(qiáng)寫過幾首doggerel(打油詩、歪詩)。

35.No measures are infallible.方法沒有絕對(duì)無誤的。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：infallible 絕對(duì)無誤的。

36.One’s childhood and adulthood are inextricable.一個(gè)人的童年期與成年期是不能分割的。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：inextricable 不能分割的

37.Some youngsters may commit crimes without rhyme or reason.一些年輕人會(huì)無緣無故的犯罪。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：without rhyme or reason無緣無故地(副詞結(jié)構(gòu))

38.Human society develops invariably to a better state.人類社會(huì)總是向好的方向發(fā)展。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.invariably總是

2.a better state 一個(gè)好的狀態(tài)

注：大家看過The Day After Tomorrow嗎?最近幾年氣候怪異，地球總發(fā)脾氣。希望大家能夠熱愛地球，少用紙巾(facial tissue)、多用手絹(handkerchief)。注意環(huán)境保護(hù)(environmental protection)。否則說不定世界末日(Armageddon)很快就來了。

39.Rampant hackers are proud of attacking PCs skillfully.猖獗的黑客以能夠嫻熟的攻擊個(gè)人電腦為驕傲。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.rampant hacker猖獗的黑客

2.A be proud of B A以B為榮

注：很多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪(cyber-crimes)不以為恥、反以為榮(see a crime as a pride)。不過，大家還是要小心被“燒香”。

40.In an extended family, sibling rivalry is rather obvious.在一個(gè)大家庭中，兄弟姐妹間的對(duì)立是很明顯的。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.extended family大家庭

2.sibling rivalry 兄弟姐妹間的對(duì)立

注：不知大家是生長在大家庭(extended families由三代或三代以上的人所組成的家庭?？催^《我愛我家》沒有?對(duì)!就是這種!太準(zhǔn)確了!)還是小家庭(nuclear families由兩代人組成的家庭)中?不過肯定不是丁克家庭(Dink，由兩個(gè)冷酷的上班族所組成的無小孩家庭。)就對(duì)了。

41.Many of traditional beliefs are erased by new ones.很多的傳統(tǒng)觀念因新觀念的出現(xiàn)而消失了。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：erase擦除

42.While inveighing against the phenomenon, we must figure out solutions.在抱怨這種現(xiàn)象的時(shí)候，我們必須得出解決方法。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：inveigh against 抱怨、批評(píng)(有褻瀆意味)

43.Some inveterate liars are born and brought up in violent families.很多有撒謊習(xí)慣的人都生長在暴力家庭中。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：inveterate liar習(xí)慣撒謊的人

注：大家看過皮諾曹(Pinocchio)的故事嗎?

44.Modern buildings are always pale in comparison to ancient ones.與傳統(tǒng)建筑相比，現(xiàn)代建筑顯得那么蒼白。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：in comparison to A 與A相比

45.Large rambling buildings are piled in cities.高大的、雜亂的建筑被堆砌在城市當(dāng)中。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：rambling雜亂的

注：東京和上海沒有什么區(qū)別。京都和北京有很大區(qū)別。小日本對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)建筑的保護(hù)還是很有一套的。

46.A series of ramifications are bound to be found.核心結(jié)構(gòu)：一系列的后果定會(huì)接踵而來。

1.a series of 一系列的 2.ramification 后果

3.be bound to do 一定會(huì)

47.One’s idiosyncrasies always developed from his childhood.一個(gè)人的嗜好總是從他的童年期發(fā)展而來的。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：idiosyncrasy 嗜好

注：朱軍的童年嗜好一定是看悲劇片。他的《藝術(shù)人生》就是一個(gè)典型。非把嘉賓、觀眾(電視里、電視外)弄哭。非把美好的回憶弄成悲劇、賺足眼淚!太沒教養(yǎng)!導(dǎo)演、策劃、主持人一起沒教養(yǎng)!

48.One’s socialization may be encumbered by a multitude of factors.一個(gè)人融入社會(huì)的過程可能會(huì)受到很多因素的制約。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.encumber 阻礙

2.a multitude of 很多的 “很多的”其它結(jié)構(gòu)：

multifarious/ various/ a variety of / multifarious

49.Violent crimes are especially rambunctious in under-developed areas.在貧困地區(qū)，暴力犯罪尤其猖獗。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：rambunctious 猖獗的

注：美國有個(gè)紐約(又叫Big Apple)，它由曼哈頓(Manhattan)、布魯克林(Brooklyn)、皇后區(qū)(Queens)、布郎克斯(Bronx)和斯塔滕島(Staten Island)五個(gè)區(qū)(Five Boroughs)組成。其中的布魯克林就曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)暴力犯罪rambunctious地區(qū)。

50.One’s savoir-faire is of vital importance to his success.對(duì)于一個(gè)人的成功而言，社會(huì)能力至關(guān)重要。

核心結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.savoir-fair 社會(huì)能力

2.A be of vital importance to B A對(duì)B至關(guān)重要。

第五篇：【美聯(lián)英語】雅思寫作中因果關(guān)系表達(dá)的詞匯總結(jié)

小編給你一個(gè)美聯(lián)英語官方試聽課申請(qǐng)鏈接：

http://m.meten.com/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0

美聯(lián)英語提供：雅思寫作中因果關(guān)系表達(dá)的詞匯總結(jié)

雅思大作文中有一類題目是因果關(guān)系類，具體包括三小類：cause and effect、cause and solution、problem and solution。這三小類問題也可以穿起來，即針對(duì)某個(gè)topic的cause—effect(即problem)– solution。無論哪種題目，寫明因果關(guān)系很重要。關(guān)于因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)同學(xué)們都很熟悉，無非是BS(because / so)，而且大家也一定很清楚的知道BS在英語中，用了前者就不能用后者的道理。例如

Because further education has become more accessible for a wider range of people, an increasing number of people have degrees

Further education has become more accessible for a wider range of people, so an increasing number of people have degrees.但是除了BS之外，還有很多其它表示因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)，具體如下：

Because系列(表原因)：

1.because of : because后接的是一個(gè)句子(主謂賓);because of 后一般直接跟名詞。例如：

Because of the increasing number of machine—and as we noted before, machines magnify human effort—then anyone using a machine can

get a higher wage than anyone not using a machine.2.as / since(除了“因?yàn)椤巴猓€有”自從”的意思，使用時(shí)要注意避免歧義)

Hours spent on commuting, traffic jams, and fights for parking should diminish, since workers make fewer journeys or work staggered hours

Unfortunately, as the number of people living in the city increases, so do the different problems associated with population growth.(注意此句中的so不表示“所以”，而是“…也…”的意思)

3.thanks to(positive situations 通常適用于結(jié)果好的時(shí)候)

Thanks to new technology, it's easier than ever to work remotely.due to(negative situations通常使用與結(jié)果不好的時(shí)候)

owing to / attributable to /on account of

Due to /… / On account of extreme weather conditions, damage to property occurs.4.當(dāng)原因需要的表達(dá)較多時(shí)，我們還可以把以上表達(dá)改寫為原因狀語從句，使用thanks to the fact that /due to the fact that /owing to the fact that 或者on the grounds that ，，Will we live longer merely due to the fact that / on the grounds that technology, if implemented properly, will take stress away from our lives

5.caused by / result from 也表原因

Many car accidents were resulted from / caused by a lack of guardrails

So系列(表結(jié)果)：

1.thus/ therefore / thereby / hence

thus: 表示‘in this/that way’

As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas.therefore: 表示 ‘for this reason’ /‘because of this or that’

Therefore, the influence of the peer group is important both for one’s own competence and for the relative evaluation of the process itself, given that one sees oneself in relation to others.thereby: by that means, as a result of that

In some countries, reduced budgets have led to the elimination of busing systems, thereby increasing the use of cars and the congestion they create.hence: 表示 ‘from this/that’

Drinking lots of water is healthy and reducing plastic waste is great for the environment.Hence, trendy reusable water bottles that you can refill yourself are health-promoting, eco-friendly, and green.2.As a result / As a consequence

As a result, those people who were indoors had much lighter skin, which means that whiter skin is now associated with having a higher status than dark skin.As a consequence, environmental health must address the societal and environmental factors that increase the likelihood of exposure and disease.3.consequently /accordingly

Consequently 更偏重因果邏輯;accordingly 更偏重后續(xù)解決

Water pollution affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world.This consequently harms human health and the natural environment.Some of the laws were contradictory.Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.Cause系列(表結(jié)果)：

1.cause(v.)引起

The amount of garbage produced by the people also increases which causes sanitary landfills to fill up faster.2.lead to/ result in 導(dǎo)致

注意這里是result in, 后跟結(jié)果，前面提到的result from后面跟的是原因。

The society’s attitude to food often leads to over-consumption.3.bring about: to cause to take place 引起，帶來(注意使用時(shí)更傾向于“帶來“這個(gè)意思)

The internet technologies that have brought about so much social change were scarcely imaginable just decades before they appeared.4.spark off 引發(fā)、引爆，具體指引發(fā)比較嚴(yán)重的后果、沖突等(=trigger / activate)，或指”點(diǎn)燃“(=inspire)

Spark off a series of problems / a chain of events related to…

They can spark off each other's talents

affect系列(影響到)

1.Affect/influence

More likely than not, getting a vehicle from point “A” to point “B” involves combustion of a fossil fuel, a process that emits gasses and affects the environment and the ozone layer.People's behavior is influenced by circumstances and events, friends and family, education, job prospects, income, housing and environment.2.impact on 對(duì)…產(chǎn)生影響(impact 一般做名詞使用，也可以作為動(dòng)詞

Over the last few decades, there has been a tremendous growth in information technology, which can impact on our everyday life.3.give rise to 使發(fā)生

The decrease inthe number of bicycles and cars might give rise to another new set of problems.名詞系列(因果)

1.cause(of sth.)/ reason 原因

Obesity can be divided into three main causes – diet, lifestyle and education.Thousands of people migrate to the cities not only for jobs but also for educational and personal reasons.2.result(for sth.)/ effect 結(jié)果

This is a difficult problem with many serious effects on the individual and country.Another result is lack of self-esteem.3.causality 因果關(guān)系(cause and effect)causation 原因

The correlation between population and housing price does not indicated causality, only the association.這里的causality也可以換成：causal effect(因果效應(yīng))

Such a causality-driven, prevention-focused approach to homicide and other serious crime would revolutionize our conception of criminal justice, moving from the imposition of “just deserts” to the enlightened pursuit of a less violent society.4.impact/influence 影響

This area is often overlooked but has a tremendous impact on your life

Friends have a big influence on the way that we use social media—from unwritten rules to buying decisions and so much more.形容詞系列(因果)表示因果的形容詞不是很常用，使用時(shí)多和factor, element 結(jié)合

1.causal 原因的，因果的

Low income and elderly are among the potential causal factors of prevalence of obesity among adults

2.consequential 結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的

Measures other than ratings will prove more consequential

3.influential 影響的，有影響力的(大多數(shù)情況下使用第二個(gè)意思)

Family is the most influential factor on happiness.小編給你一個(gè)美聯(lián)英語官方試聽課申請(qǐng)鏈接：

http://m.meten.com/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0