第一篇：中英文對照學(xué)英語素材：比爾·蓋茨：老師需要真正的反饋信息

比爾·蓋茨：老師需要真正的反饋信息

Everyone needs a coach.It doesn't

matter whether you're a basketball player, a tennis player, a gymnast or a bridge player.(Laughter)

0:26 My bridge coach, Sharon Osberg, says there are more pictures of the back of her head than anyone else's in the world.(Laughter)Sorry, Sharon.Here you go.0:38 We all need people who will give us feedback.That's how we improve.Unfortunately, there's one group of people who get almost no systematic feedback to help them do their jobs better, and these people have one of the most important jobs in the world.I'm talking about teachers.When Melinda and I learned how little useful feedback most teachers get, we were blown away.Until recently, over 98 percent of teachers just got one word of feedback:Satisfactory.If all my bridge coach ever told me was that I was “satisfactory,” I would have no hope of ever getting better.How would I know who was the best? How would I know what I was doing differently? Today, districts are revamping the way they evaluate

每一個(gè)人都需要一位教練。無論你是籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，體操選手 或者是打橋牌的。（笑聲）

0:26

我的橋牌教練，Sharon Osberg，說包含她后腦勺的照片 比世界上其他任何人的都多。（笑聲）抱歉，Sharon。這張應(yīng)該可以了。

0:38

我們都需要能給我們反饋信息的人。這是我們不斷自我發(fā)展的方式。遺憾的是，有一群人 幾乎收不到系統(tǒng)化的反饋信息 來提高他們的工作效率，而這一群人 從事著世界上最重要的職業(yè)之一。我指的就是老師們。當(dāng)Melinda和我了解到 大部分老師得到的有用的反饋有多么少時(shí)，我們驚呆了。直到最近，超過98%的老師 得到的反饋只包含一個(gè)詞： 滿意。如果我的橋牌教練只跟我說 我的表現(xiàn)“令人滿意”，我永遠(yuǎn)也不可能變得更好。我怎么知道誰是最好的？ 我怎么知道什么事我做的和別人不一樣？ 現(xiàn)在，各個(gè)校區(qū)都在改進(jìn) 評估教師的方式，但是我們?nèi)越o他們很少能夠 提高他們工作水平的反饋信息。我們的教師應(yīng)該受到更好的對待。今天我們在用的系統(tǒng)對他們不公平。這系統(tǒng)對學(xué)生也不公平，而且置美國的全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位于

teachers, but we still give them almost no feedback that actually helps them improve their practice.Our teachers deserve better.The system we have today isn't fair to them.It's not fair to students, and it's putting America's global leadership at risk.So today I want to talk about how we can help all teachers get the 水深火熱之中。因此今天我想講講我們?nèi)绾文軒椭械睦蠋?獲得他們想要而且值得獲得的提高自己的工具。

tools for improvement they want and deserve.2:02 Let's start by asking who's doing

well.Well, unfortunately there's no international ranking tables for teacher feedback systems.So I looked at the countries whose students perform well academically, and looked at what they're doing to help their teachers improve.Consider the rankings for reading proficiency.The U.S.isn't number one.We're not even in the top 10.We're tied for 15th with Iceland and Poland.Now, out of all the places that do better than the U.S.in reading, how many of them have a formal system for helping teachers improve? Eleven out of 14.The U.S.is tied for 15th in reading, but

2:02

我們先來問問誰做得比較好。

遺憾的是，國際上沒有一個(gè)用來給評估老師的系統(tǒng)分等級的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所以我看了看 那些擁有學(xué)術(shù)表現(xiàn)非常好的學(xué)生的國家，然后看看他們在做什么 來幫助他們的教師提高教學(xué)水平。我們來看看閱讀水平的排名。美國并不是第一。我們甚至連前十都沒能進(jìn)入。我們和冰島以及波蘭并列排名第15名。在閱讀水平方面 做得比美國出色的地方中 又有多少個(gè)擁有能幫助教師提高自己的 正規(guī)流程？ 11個(gè)。在閱讀方面美國并列第15名，但在科學(xué)與數(shù)學(xué)方面我們分別排在第23名與第31名。因此我們只有一個(gè)方面排名比較靠前，而那就是無法提供給教師 發(fā)展自己所需要的幫

we're 23rd in science and 31st in 助。math.So there's really only one area where we're near the top, and that's in failing to give our teachers the help they need to develop their skills.3:04 Let's look at the best academic

performer: the province of Shanghai, China.Now, they rank number one across the board, in reading, math and science, and one of the keys to Shanghai's incredible success is the way they help teachers keep improving.They made sure that younger teachers get a chance to watch master teachers at work.They have weekly study groups, where teachers get together and talk about what's working.They even require each teacher to observe and give feedback to their colleagues.3:41

3:04

我們來看看學(xué)業(yè)上表現(xiàn)最好的地區(qū)： 中國的上海。他們在閱讀，數(shù)學(xué)以及科學(xué)等所有方面 排名都是第一，而上海能有這種令人驚訝的成功的關(guān)鍵之一就在于 他們幫助教師不斷自我發(fā)展的方式。他們確保年輕的教師 有機(jī)會(huì)看到資深教師授課。他們每周都有讓老師聚在一起 并討論哪些教學(xué)方法比較有用的學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)。他們甚至要求每位老師觀察 他的同事并給他們反饋信息。

3:41

You might ask, why is a system like this so important? It's because there's so much variation in the teaching profession.Some teachers are far more effective than others.In fact, there are teachers throughout the country who are helping their students make extraordinary gains.If today's average teacher could become as good 也許你會(huì)問，為什么這樣的系統(tǒng)那么重要？ 這是因?yàn)樵诮處熯@個(gè)職業(yè)中 有太多的不同。有的教師的教學(xué)效率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其他教師。事實(shí)上，在全國各地有一些老師正在幫助他們的學(xué)生實(shí)現(xiàn)難以想象的巨大進(jìn)步。如果今天的普通老師 能和那些老師一樣好，我們的學(xué)生就可以as those teachers, our students would be blowing away the rest of the world.So we need a system that helps all our teachers be as good as the best.4:14 What would that system look

like? Well, to find out, our foundation has been working with 3,000 teachers in districts across the country on a project called Measures of Effective Teaching.We had observers watch videos of teachers in the classroom and rate how they did on a range of practices.For example, did they ask their students challenging questions? Did they find multiple ways to explain an idea? We also had students fill out surveys with questions like, “Does your teacher know when the class understands a lesson?” “Do you learn to correct your mistakes?”

4:55

在全世界獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷了。因此我們需要一個(gè)能使我們每一位教師 和最好的教師一樣好的系統(tǒng)。

4:14

這樣一個(gè)系統(tǒng)會(huì)是什么樣子的？ 為了查明這個(gè)事情，我們的基金會(huì) 和全國各個(gè)校區(qū) 的3000多名老師合作開展了 一個(gè)叫“有效教育方式”(MET)的項(xiàng)目。我們派遣觀察員觀看 老師在教學(xué)中的錄像 并且評估他們所做的一系列事情。舉例來說，他們有沒有問學(xué)生 具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題？ 他們有沒有找到多種方式來解釋一個(gè)概念？ 我們也讓學(xué)生做包含如 “你的老師是否知道 整個(gè)班級聽懂了一堂課？” “你是否學(xué)會(huì)了改正錯(cuò)誤？”等問題的問卷。

4:55

And what we found is very exciting.First, the teachers who did well on these observations had far better student outcomes.So it tells us we're asking the right questions.And second, teachers in 結(jié)果令我們非常驚喜。首先，在這些評測中表現(xiàn)很好的老師 所教出來的學(xué)生也更好。這說明我們問的問題是對的。其次，參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目the program told us that these videos and these surveys from the students were very helpful diagnostic tools, because they pointed to specific places where they can improve.I want to show you what this video component of MET looks like in action.5:28(Music)

5:31(Video)Sarah Brown Wessling: Good

morning everybody.Let's talk about what's going on today.To get started, we're doing a peer review day, okay? A peer review day, and our goal by the end of class is for you to be able to determine whether or not you have moves to prove in your essays.5:46 My name is Sarah Brown Wessling.I am a high school English teacher at Johnston High School in Johnston, Iowa.5:51 的老師告訴我們 這些錄像以及向?qū)W生發(fā)放的調(diào)查問卷 是非常有用的診斷工具，因?yàn)樗鼈冎该髁私處焸?能夠改進(jìn)的具體環(huán)節(jié)。我想讓你們看看MET中的視頻部分 是什么樣的。

5:28

（音樂）

5:31

（錄像）Sarah Brown Wessling: 大家早上好。讓我們說說今天干些什么。首先，今天將會(huì)是一個(gè)“同學(xué)互評日”。這個(gè)“同學(xué)互評日”的目的就是在下課前 大家可以好好判斷 自己作文是不是經(jīng)得起推敲。

5:46

我的名字是

Sarah Brown Wessling。我在衣阿華州的Johnston的Johnston高中 擔(dān)任英語老師。

5:51

Turn to somebody next to you.Tell

轉(zhuǎn)向你們身邊的一個(gè)人。告訴他們them what you think I mean when I talk

你認(rèn)為我說“經(jīng)得起推敲”時(shí)我是什about moves to prove.I've talk about

么意思。我曾說過----

5:56

5:56 I think that there is a difference for teachers between the abstract of how we see our practice and then the concrete reality of it.6:03 Okay, so I would like you to please

bring up your papers.6:07 I think what video offers for us

is a certain degree of reality.You can't really dispute what you see on the video, and there is a lot to be learned from that,and there are a lot of ways that we can grow as a profession when we actually get to see this.I just have a flip camera and a little tripod and invested in this tiny little wide-angle lens.At the beginning of class, I just perch it in the back of the classroom.It's not a perfect shot.It doesn't catch every little thing that's going on.But I can hear the sound.I can see a lot.And I'm able to learn a lot from it.So it really has been a simple but powerful tool in my own reflection.我認(rèn)為對于老師而言，我們對我們的表現(xiàn)的抽象看法 和實(shí)際情況是

有區(qū)別的。

6:03

好的，請你們拿出你們的紙張。

6:07

我認(rèn)為視頻 給我們展現(xiàn)了某種程度的現(xiàn)實(shí)。你無法對你在視頻中看到的表示異議，你從中能學(xué)到很多，而且當(dāng)我們看到它時(shí)我們看到有很多方式 能讓我們的職業(yè)水平更上一層樓。我只有這個(gè)輕按相機(jī)和這個(gè)小小的三腳架 并再花了一點(diǎn)錢買了這個(gè)微小的廣角鏡。在開始上課的時(shí)候，我就把 相機(jī)放在教室的后面。視角并非完美。它沒法捕捉到發(fā)生的每一件事。但我能聽見聲音。我能看到很多。而且我能從中學(xué)到很多。因此它成了一個(gè)用于自我反思的 簡單而強(qiáng)大的工具。

6:47

6:47 All right, let's take a look at the 好的，我們先看看比較長的一段，怎

long one first, okay? 么樣？

6:51

6:51 Once I'm finished taping, then I put it in my computer, and then I'll scan it and take a peek at it.If I don't write things down, I don't remember them.6:58 So having the notes is a part of my

thinking process, and I discover what I'm seeing as I'm writing.I really have used it for my own personal growth and my own personal reflection on teaching strategy and methodology and classroom management, and just all of those different facets of the classroom.7:18 I'm glad that we've actually done the process before so we can kind of compare what works, what doesn't.7:23

一旦錄完了，我就把它放到電腦里，掃描一下然后看一眼。如果我不把東西寫下來我就無法記住它們。

6:58

因此記筆記也是我思考過程中的一部分，而當(dāng)我在做記錄時(shí)我也就發(fā)現(xiàn)了我在看的是什么。我把它用于我的個(gè)人成長 以及關(guān)于教學(xué)方式，教學(xué)原則，課堂管理等 各種各樣的和課堂有關(guān)的方面的個(gè)人反思。

7:18

我很高興我們以前做過類似的事 情 所以我們能通過比較得出孰優(yōu)孰劣。

7:23

I think that video exposes so much of what's intrinsic to us as teachers in ways that help us learn and help us understand, and then help our broader communities understand what this complex work is really all about.I think it is a way to exemplify and illustrate things 我覺得視頻揭示了 大量的所對我們老師而言 從根本上幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)和理解的方式方法，并且也幫助社會(huì)理解 這個(gè)復(fù)雜的工作究竟是干嘛的。我認(rèn)為這展現(xiàn)了一些事that we cannot convey in a lesson plan,things you cannot convey in a standard, things that you cannot even sometimes convey in a book of pedagogy.7:53 Alrighty, everybody, have a great

weekend.I'll see you later.7:57 [Every classroom could look like that]

7:59(Applause)

8:05 Bill Gates: One day, we'd like every

classroom in America to look something like that.But we still have more work to do.Diagnosing areas where a teacher needs to improve is only half the battle.We also have to give them the tools they need to act on the diagnosis.If you learn that you need to

情 他們是我們無法用教學(xué)計(jì)

劃，一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，甚至一個(gè)關(guān)于教育學(xué)的書 來表達(dá)的。

7:53

好了，大家，祝你們周末愉快。

下次見。

7:57

[每一個(gè)教室都能像那樣]

7:59

（掌聲）

8:05

比爾

蓋茨：我們希望有一天全美的教室 都可以像這樣。但我們還有很多事要做。梳理出一位老師在什么地方需要改進(jìn) 只是戰(zhàn)斗的一半。我們還要給他們能讓他們基于診斷結(jié)果 采取措施的工具。如果你知道你要提高自己 教分?jǐn)?shù)的方式，你應(yīng)該可以看一段 世上最好的人教分?jǐn)?shù)的視頻。

improve the way you teach fractions, you should be able to watch a video of the best person in the world teaching fractions.8:33 So building this complete teacher

feedback and improvement system won't be easy.For example, I know some teachers aren't immediately comfortable with the idea of a camera in the classroom.That's understandable, but our experience with MET suggests that if teachers manage the process, if they collect video in their own classrooms, and they pick the lessons they want to submit, a lot of them will be eager to participate.9:02 Building this system will also

require a considerable investment.Our foundation estimates that it could cost up to five billion dollars.Now that's a big number, but to put it in perspective, it's less than two percent of what we spend every year on teacher salaries.9:24

8:33

所以說建立一個(gè)完整的能給予老師 反饋信息以及自我發(fā)展手段的系統(tǒng)不會(huì)簡單。比如說，我知道一些老師 對于在教室中放一個(gè)攝像機(jī)這樣的想法 感到不舒適。這是可以理解的，但是我們在MET中的經(jīng)驗(yàn) 說明了如果老師們能忍受這一個(gè)過程，如果他們在教室中錄制視頻，然后選擇他們想提交的視頻，很多老師會(huì)踴躍參與。

9:02

建立這樣一個(gè)體系也會(huì)需要 大量的投資。我們的基金會(huì)估計(jì)會(huì)花費(fèi) 多至50億美元。這是一個(gè)龐大的數(shù)字，但如果我們換一個(gè)視角來看，這比我們每年付給老師的工資 的2%還要少。

9:24

The impact for teachers would be phenomenal.We would finally have a way to give them feedback, as well as the means to act on it.這樣一個(gè)系統(tǒng)對于老師的影響是無法估量的。我們終于會(huì)有一個(gè)能給他們反饋信息，并讓他們照此采取措施的方式。

9:34

9:34 But this system would have an even

more important benefit for our country.It would put us on a path to making sure all our students get a great education,find a career that's fulfilling and rewarding, and have a chance to live out their dreams.This wouldn't just make us a more successful country.It would also make us a more fair and just one, too.10:01 I'm excited about the opportunity to give all our teachers the support they want and deserve.I hope you are too.10:11 Thank you.但是這樣一個(gè)系統(tǒng)對我們國家 的好處會(huì)更大。它會(huì)讓我們走上一條能確保 我們的學(xué)生能收到良好教育，找到一份報(bào)酬豐厚而且令人滿意的事業(yè)，并且讓他們有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢想的道路。這不僅會(huì)使我們的國家更成功。這也會(huì)使我們的國家更充滿公平與正義。

10:01

我為能給老師們

他們想要且應(yīng)得的支援的機(jī)會(huì)感到欣喜。我希望大家也是。

10:11

謝謝。

第二篇：比爾.蓋茨：釋放你的創(chuàng)造力(中英文對譯)

比爾·蓋茨：釋放你的創(chuàng)造力(中英文對譯)

Unleashing your creativity

By Bill Gates

I’a better place.For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learning new things and solving problems.So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked.It was a clunky old Teletype machine today.But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home,” which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators.But we believed that personal computers would change the world.And they have.And after 30 years, I’m still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use –– to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world’s knowledge.They’re helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do.He calls it “tap-dancing to work.” My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dance to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn’t know you could do that with a PC!”

But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world.There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet.Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else.And that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’s lives.I’m still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest problems is possible –– and it’s happening every day.We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.I’m excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology.And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we’re going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.釋放你的創(chuàng)造力

---比爾·蓋茨

我天生樂觀，堅(jiān)信人類憑創(chuàng)造力和聰明才智可以讓世界日益美妙，這一設(shè)想一直根植于我的內(nèi)心深處。

自從記事起，我就熱衷于接觸新事物、挑戰(zhàn)難題?？上攵?，我上七年級時(shí)第一次坐在計(jì)算機(jī)前是何等著迷，如入無我之境。那是一臺(tái)鏘鏘作響的舊牌機(jī)器，和我們今天擁有的計(jì)算機(jī)相比，它相當(dāng)遜色幾乎一無所用，但正是它改變了我的生活。

30年前，我和朋友保羅·艾倫創(chuàng)辦微軟時(shí)，我們幻想實(shí)現(xiàn)“在每個(gè)家庭、在每張辦公桌上都有一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)”，這在大多數(shù)的計(jì)算機(jī)體積如同冰箱的尺寸的年代，聽起來有點(diǎn)異想天開。但是我們相信個(gè)人電腦將改變世界。今天看來果真如此。30年后，我仍然象上七年級的時(shí)候那樣為計(jì)算機(jī)而狂熱著迷。

我相信計(jì)算機(jī)是我們用來滿足好奇心及發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的最神奇的工具––有了它們的幫助，甚至是最聰明的人憑自身力量無法應(yīng)對的難題都將迎刃而解。計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)改變了我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式，為全球各地的孩子們開啟了一扇通向大千世界知識的窗戶。它可以幫我們圍繞我們關(guān)注的事物建立“群”，讓我們和那些對自己重要的人保持密切聯(lián)系，不管他們身處何方。

就像我的朋友沃倫·巴菲特一樣，我為每天都能做自己熱愛的事情而感到無比幸運(yùn)。他稱之為“踢踏舞工作”。我在微軟的工作永遠(yuǎn)充滿挑戰(zhàn)，但使我一直堅(jiān)持“踢踏舞工作”的是我們向人們展示某些新成果的那些時(shí)刻，當(dāng)他們看到計(jì)算機(jī)能辨認(rèn)筆跡、語音或者能存儲(chǔ)值得保留一輩子的照片時(shí)就會(huì)贊不絕口：“我不敢相信個(gè)人電腦竟如此萬能”。但是，除了能用電腦做出很酷的事情之外，我們還能通過許多別的方式在工作中發(fā)揮自己的創(chuàng)造力和聰明才智，以改善我們的世界。全球仍有許許多多的人連最基本的生存需求都未能解決。舉例來說，每年仍有數(shù)以萬計(jì)的人死于那些在發(fā)達(dá)國家易于預(yù)防和治療的疾病。

我認(rèn)為，我所擁有的大量財(cái)富也使我負(fù)有回饋社會(huì)的責(zé)任。我的妻子梅林達(dá)和我致力于為盡可能多的人改善健康和教育.作為一個(gè)父親，我認(rèn)為，非洲孩子死去所引起的痛苦和悲傷絲毫不亞于任何其他的孩子的死亡；我認(rèn)為，使這些孩子們的命運(yùn)發(fā)生翻天地覆的變化并不費(fèi)太大力氣。

我仍是一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的樂觀主義者，我堅(jiān)信即使世界級難題取得進(jìn)展都是有可能的––其實(shí)每天也都在發(fā)生著這種事情。我們看到治療致命疾病的新藥、新的診斷器械不斷出現(xiàn)，而且，發(fā)展中國家的健康問題進(jìn)入了人們的視野并日益得到重視。

我為醫(yī)藥、教育，當(dāng)然還有技術(shù)發(fā)展的諸多前景而歡欣鼓舞。我相信，憑借人類與生俱來的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造能力和不畏艱難、堅(jiān)忍不拔的品格，在我的有生之年里我們將在所有這些領(lǐng)域都創(chuàng)造出可喜的成就。