第一篇：大學(xué)英語四級(jí)輔導(dǎo)小結(jié)
大學(xué)英語四級(jí)輔導(dǎo)小結(jié)
自二零一二年十月十六日至二零一二年十二月十三日，我院開設(shè)的大學(xué)英語四級(jí)輔導(dǎo)班面向全校，對(duì)報(bào)名的三百多名學(xué)生進(jìn)行了歷時(shí)兩個(gè)月的輔導(dǎo)。此次輔導(dǎo)分為兩個(gè)階段：第一階段各個(gè)輔導(dǎo)教師分模塊（寫作、快速閱讀、聽力、深度閱讀、翻譯）進(jìn)行輔導(dǎo)，旨在加強(qiáng)學(xué)生基本應(yīng)試能力；第二階段主要講解模擬題（要求學(xué)生每?jī)商焱瓿梢惶啄M題，在課堂上精講與點(diǎn)撥結(jié)合講解），旨在進(jìn)一步提升學(xué)生的應(yīng)試技巧。此次大學(xué)英語四級(jí)輔導(dǎo)班的開設(shè)對(duì)提升我校學(xué)生英語四級(jí)應(yīng)試能力的整體水平有一定作用，但因?yàn)槭鞘状纬修k，缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，尚存在不足與問題，主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：
一、輔導(dǎo)教師都是英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)，都未曾參加此類考試，又缺
乏培訓(xùn)，所以在四級(jí)輔導(dǎo)方面顯得缺乏專業(yè)性，學(xué)生缺乏認(rèn)同感和積極性；
二、學(xué)生普遍反映每周兩次的周期太長(zhǎng)，學(xué)生容易懈??；
三、學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)較差，僅靠短期輔導(dǎo)很難有顯著提高。針對(duì)以上問題和不足，我建議從以下幾點(diǎn)著手整改： 首先，應(yīng)在開課前對(duì)輔導(dǎo)教師進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，請(qǐng)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的四級(jí)輔導(dǎo)老師予以指點(diǎn)和教導(dǎo)。重視對(duì)輔導(dǎo)教師專業(yè)性的提升，這是最核心的，也是最重要的。因?yàn)橹挥薪處熽?duì)伍強(qiáng)大了，學(xué)生才更愿意跟著走，教學(xué)效果也就有了保障；
其次，建議由每周兩次、一次兩小時(shí)改為每周一、三、五，一次一小時(shí)，周六一次、一次兩小時(shí)（但是由于教師負(fù)擔(dān)加重，為避免其積極性減弱，最好在課時(shí)費(fèi)上相應(yīng)提高），讓學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的弱點(diǎn)有針對(duì)性地自主選擇模塊聽課。這樣既解決了學(xué)生因周期太長(zhǎng)而放松懈怠的問題，又能節(jié)省不必要的時(shí)間上的浪費(fèi)。最后，針對(duì)學(xué)生普遍基礎(chǔ)差、而短期內(nèi)無法顯著提升的問題，建議從大一抓起、從日常英語教學(xué)抓起，即將四級(jí)應(yīng)試技巧貫穿在每一節(jié)大學(xué)英語課堂上，注重四級(jí)題型與課后練習(xí)題的對(duì)接，在課堂上反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)做題方法，讓學(xué)生提早適應(yīng)四級(jí)英語題型、提早掌握技巧。本人在模塊教學(xué)階段中專門負(fù)責(zé)聽力模塊，得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)是：傳統(tǒng)的直接將聽力技巧“灌”給學(xué)生的教學(xué)方法是不理想的，應(yīng)當(dāng)從學(xué)生角度揣摩教學(xué)思路，教學(xué)思路和解題思路是一致的，正確的方法應(yīng)是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己探索聽力技巧，再加上適當(dāng)?shù)狞c(diǎn)撥，這樣學(xué)生才能印象深刻，才能學(xué)以致用；其次，應(yīng)在平時(shí)的聽力教學(xué)中將聽力課本中的內(nèi)容與四級(jí)聽力題型對(duì)接，反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)聽力做題方法與技巧。
以上就是本人對(duì)此次開設(shè)英語四級(jí)輔導(dǎo)班的小結(jié)?？偠灾舜伍_課因缺乏實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)尚存在不足，有待于提高，建議從加強(qiáng)教師培訓(xùn)、調(diào)整課時(shí)制度以及將四級(jí)應(yīng)試與平時(shí)課堂內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來這幾個(gè)方面著手，進(jìn)一步完善我校英語四級(jí)輔導(dǎo)體系，爭(zhēng)取進(jìn)步，為我校英語四級(jí)通過率提供長(zhǎng)足保障。
第二篇：2012大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試寫作輔導(dǎo)
2012大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試寫作輔導(dǎo)
記敘文的思路與練習(xí)
記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫人為主，又可以以寫事為主。寫記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：
時(shí)間（When）—— 何時(shí)發(fā)生，有沒有具體時(shí)間？
地點(diǎn)（Where）—— 何地發(fā)生，有沒有地點(diǎn)變化？
人物（Who）—— 何人參與，誰是主角？
事件（What）—— 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點(diǎn)？
原因（Why）—— 事件的起因？
結(jié)果（How）—— 事件的經(jīng)過及結(jié)局？
一般說來，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。
記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開。
【例】四級(jí)考試中，只出現(xiàn)過一次專門的記敘文體裁的寫作，即“An Early Morning Walk”（1988.6.），2003年6月出現(xiàn)過包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。
對(duì)于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開始構(gòu)思了。
When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，“我”去散步。
Where：到哪兒散步？去公園？在校園里？在街上（街上空氣不好，還是不去?。?。
Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書背單詞的學(xué)生。
What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂跳舞，打球，等等。
Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書，讀讀單詞。
當(dāng)然，由這個(gè)題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。
An Early Morning Walk
One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet.The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees.I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there.Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities.Some were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.I wandered around the park.To my delight，I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park.I went up and spoke to them in English.We soon became friends.I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English.On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful.Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】文章按照時(shí)間順序（in chronological order），第一句話點(diǎn)明時(shí)間（One morning）、人物（第一人稱“I”），并簡(jiǎn)要描述了早晨的特點(diǎn)（What was the setting），接著第二段第一句話交代地點(diǎn)（in the park），然后介紹公園里人們及作者的活動(dòng)（What was happening），最后在文章結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題，即，歸納中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.僅僅189個(gè)單詞既滿足了記敘文的“六大要素”，又有明確的中心思想和生動(dòng)的細(xì)節(jié)，行文方式符合要求。
1.以“A Most Unlucky Day”為題，想想該怎么寫。注意：題目的中心詞是“unlucky”。
When：
Where：
Who：
What：
Why：
How：
參考思路
When：哪一天是最倒霉的日子？考前的晚上？公布成績(jī)的日子？周末？
Where：在大街上違章停車？在學(xué)校？在商場(chǎng)？在經(jīng)常光顧的地方——食堂、餐廳、麥當(dāng)勞、圖書館、溜冰場(chǎng)、投影廳？
Who：是我倒霉？是好友？你？那個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)室友？
What：拿到罰單？上課上班遲到？失戀？被竊？四級(jí)沒過？
Why：倒霉嘛，無非是運(yùn)氣不好，睡過頭了、態(tài)度惡劣、偷懶、不刻苦…
How：一團(tuán)糟，挨批，心情極度沮喪，不過也無所謂嘛…
想完之后，我們?cè)倩c(diǎn)兒功夫?qū)㈥P(guān)聯(lián)的東西挑出來，別忘了本文的中心是“unlucky”。
根據(jù)以下提示敘述一場(chǎng)交通事故：1）用第一人稱;2）短語提示：drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour;it was dark;a small girl chased a dog;not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3）寫出作者對(duì)此交通意外的感想。
參考范文
Last night I was driving home from work.I had an accident.I was following behind a truck，driving at about 30 kilometers an hour.I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark.Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left.She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic.I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car.Fortunately I did not hit her，but I hit a car coming in the other direction.Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious.It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child，I thought to myself.B： 以第一人稱寫一篇記敘文，講述在旅行中經(jīng)歷的一件小事。
第三篇：大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試寫作輔導(dǎo)教程
記敘文的思路與練習(xí)
記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫人為主，又可以以寫事為主。寫記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：時(shí)間(When)—— 何時(shí)發(fā)生，有沒有具體時(shí)間?
地點(diǎn)(Where)—— 何地發(fā)生，有沒有地點(diǎn)變化?
人物(Who)—— 何人參與，誰是主角?
事件(What)—— 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點(diǎn)?
原因(Why)—— 事件的起因?
結(jié)果(How)—— 事件的經(jīng)過及結(jié)局?
一般說來，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。
記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開。
【例】四級(jí)考試中，只出現(xiàn)過一次專門的記敘文體裁的寫作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.)，2003年6月出現(xiàn)過包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。
對(duì)于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開始構(gòu)思了。When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，“我”去散步。
Where：到哪兒散步?去公園?在校園里?在街上(街上空氣不好，還是不去!)。
Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書背單詞的學(xué)生。
What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂跳舞，打球，等等。
Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書，讀讀單詞。
當(dāng)然，由這個(gè)題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。
參考范文
An Early Morning Walk
One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet.The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees.I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there.Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities.Some
were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.I wandered around the park.To my delight，I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park.I went up and spoke to them in English.We soon became friends.I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English.On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful.Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】文章按照時(shí)間順序(in chronological order)，第一句話點(diǎn)明時(shí)間(One morning)、人物(第一人稱“I”)，并簡(jiǎn)要描述了早晨的特點(diǎn)(What was the setting)，接著第二段第一句話交代地點(diǎn)(in the park)，然后介紹公園里人們及作者的活動(dòng)(What was happening)，最后在文章結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題，即，歸納中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.僅僅189個(gè)單詞既滿足了記敘文的“六大要素”，又有明確的中心思想和生動(dòng)的細(xì)節(jié)，行文方式符合要求。
1.以“A Most Unlucky Day”為題，想想該怎么寫。注意：題目的中心詞是“unlucky”。When：
Where：
Who：
What：
Why：
How：
參考思路
When：哪一天是最倒霉的日子?考前的晚上?公布成績(jī)的日子?周末?
Where：在大街上違章停車?在學(xué)校?在商場(chǎng)?在經(jīng)常光顧的地方——食堂、餐廳、麥當(dāng)勞、圖書館、溜冰場(chǎng)、投影廳?
Who：是我倒霉?是好友?你?那個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)室友?
What：拿到罰單?上課上班遲到?失戀?被竊?四級(jí)沒過?
Why：倒霉嘛，無非是運(yùn)氣不好，睡過頭了、態(tài)度惡劣、偷懶、不刻苦?
How：一團(tuán)糟，挨批，心情極度沮喪，不過也無所謂嘛?
想完之后，我們?cè)倩c(diǎn)兒功夫?qū)㈥P(guān)聯(lián)的東東挑出來，別忘了本文的中心是“unlucky”。
根據(jù)自己的思路，寫一篇文章：
參考范文
A Most Unlucky Day
I had a streak of tough luck yesterday.Everything，it seemed to me，went wrong.And I simply couldn’t understand why all the bad things happened to me in one single day.In the morning，as luck would have it，my alarm clock didn’t ring，and with an aching head I woke up half an hour later than usual.I was in such a hurry that，when making an omelet，I got my fingers burnt and splashed the omelet all over the floor of the kitchen.Having no time for my breakfast at that point，I rushed out of my house with an empty stomach and hurting fingers.I had intended to catch the 7:30 subway，but somehow I couldn’t make it.I became very nervous at the mere thought of being late for my English class，because my English teacher is very strict and demanding，and he gets angry whenever any student is late for his class.After getting off the 7:40 subway，I raced all the way from the station to my school，thinking it would be impossible for me to flag a taxi at this hour of the day.At the corner of the street near my school，I abruptly bumped into a man and，worse luck，broke the glasses I had bought for 500 yuan just last week.With scarcely any time to receive or offer an apology，I just kept on running and running.At long last，I arrived at the school only to find，with great sadness mixed with some relief，that the school was empty and the classrooms were all locked.It was Saturday.My ill luck showed no sign of coming to an end.When I returned home greatly frustrated，I found myself locked out.In my hurry I had forgotten to bring the key with me.Just my luck!
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這篇文章按照時(shí)間順序一氣呵成。文章的標(biāo)題、第一句和最后一句都點(diǎn)出了中心思想：“I had a most unlucky day”。故事從作者醒來開始，在慌慌張張中煎蛋卷、趕地鐵、急奔學(xué)校、撞破眼鏡、發(fā)現(xiàn)白忙乎了一場(chǎng)，最后猛然清醒——匆忙之中忘了鑰匙!整個(gè)故事描述得精彩生動(dòng)，既有動(dòng)作的細(xì)節(jié)又有作者內(nèi)心的感受，讓讀者也身臨其境地體會(huì)了倒霉的一天。
根據(jù)以下提示敘述一場(chǎng)交通事故：1)用第一人稱;2)短語提示：drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour;it was dark;a small girl chased a dog;not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3)寫出作者對(duì)此交通意外的感想。
參考范文
Last night I was driving home from work.I had an accident.I was following behind a truck，driving at about 30 kilometers an hour.I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark.Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left.She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic.I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car.Fortunately I did not hit her，but I hit a car coming in the other direction.Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious.It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child，I thought to myself.B： 以第一人稱寫一篇記敘文，講述在旅行中經(jīng)歷的一件小事。
參考范文
Go on a Mediterranean Journey
My wife and I have always enjoyed traveling by sea，and last year we decided to go on a Mediterranean journey.Although our holiday was rather expensive we thought that the high standard of accommodation，the first-class food and the many interesting places we saw were well worth the price we paid.We found that most of the other passengers were friendly and interesting，but there was one man，a Mr.James，who irritated and annoyed us.Whatever subject we talked about，it seemed that he was an expert at it.He had，apparently，read more books，visited more countries and studied more languages，than anyone else had.After a few days，we ate our meals in silence，because nobody wanted to begin a conversation that would soon be taken over by this man.Then my wife had an idea.She suggested that we might think of an unusual subject，look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it at dinner.If it were an unusual subject，Mr.James could not possibly know anything about it.The subject we chose was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century.” At dinner that night we discussed this subject with great enthusiasm.Mr
歷年四級(jí)考試中的“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”、“My Ideal Job”以及圖表作文的第一段都屬于說明文的范疇，如，2002年6月的根據(jù)坐標(biāo)圖寫題為“Students Use of Computers”的作文。
說明文必須按一定的順序進(jìn)行說明：時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)識(shí)順序，選擇具體的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)來說明。
所以，說明文的思路要圍繞說明順序、事物的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)展開。例如：
范文點(diǎn)評(píng)
A Famous Clock
When you visit London，one of the first things you will see is Big Ben，the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834，the great clock would never have been erected.Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.It is not only of immense size，but is extremely accurate as well.Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.On the B.B.C.you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.Once，however，it failed to give the correct time.A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這是《新概念英語》中的一篇經(jīng)典說明文，介紹了世界著名的“大本鐘”。文章開篇指明該鐘位于英國(guó)倫敦，且全世界的人們通過BBC就能夠聽到鐘聲。接下來講述了“大本鐘”的由來，特點(diǎn)——不僅外型巨大，而且走時(shí)準(zhǔn)確，在結(jié)尾處講了“大本鐘”的一個(gè)幽默的小插曲——油漆工把油漆桶掛在指針上，把鐘弄慢了。細(xì)讀這篇文章，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)區(qū)159個(gè)單詞就把“大本鐘”的光輝形象牢牢地刻在讀者的腦海里，為什么?本文基于事實(shí)，分析了主題的來龍去脈，語言簡(jiǎn)潔又不失生動(dòng)貼切，作者態(tài)度客觀又充滿幽默，使讀者既“明白了事理”，又對(duì)事物有較完整明晰的了解認(rèn)識(shí)，此乃說明文之真諦也。
第四篇：英語四級(jí)小結(jié)
四級(jí)一般的閱讀方法和做題方法概括四句話：1掃讀題干關(guān)鍵詞 2瀏覽原文作標(biāo)記 3比較選項(xiàng)得答案 4迅速排除省力氣 其中核心是瀏覽原文作標(biāo)記 可以標(biāo)記的地方：1指示性的具體信息 如時(shí)間、人物、數(shù)字 2與文章結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)的中心信息 包括：主題句 轉(zhuǎn)折詞（but however yet出現(xiàn)這幾個(gè)詞的時(shí)候一般都會(huì)考到）其他標(biāo)記題號(hào) 文章首句出現(xiàn)定義或者概念，通常就是主題 出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折必會(huì)考到
主題在末段的可能性接近于零0 任何主題題型只要選項(xiàng)包含細(xì)節(jié)就直接錯(cuò)誤，不管它有大多偉大 按時(shí)間順序闡述的文章主題通常在首末段，尤其是首段
細(xì)節(jié)題定為原則：細(xì)節(jié)出現(xiàn)多次，優(yōu)先考慮首次定位
原文有個(gè)詞，再在選項(xiàng)中弄一個(gè)與其相類似的單詞作干擾選項(xiàng) 作詞義題的方法：根據(jù)上下文確定同義或反義的關(guān)系 兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞分不開的時(shí)候看主語 doubt or challenge 出現(xiàn)連串?dāng)?shù)字或者年代時(shí)常被考到
一道題答案有疑問時(shí)，找特殊位置，找特殊語言現(xiàn)象
重要句：有些句子常被考到位于特殊位置：1）各段首句2）全文末句3）文中結(jié)論解釋句 問句在第一段首末常有意義，與主題掛鉤。
作那種四個(gè)選項(xiàng)哪個(gè)是對(duì)的題目，注意：1）正確答案一般針對(duì)全文或者段落主題2）通過排除得到正確答案 細(xì)節(jié)題小結(jié)
一、做題步驟
1、根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位。關(guān)鍵詞包括1）一般為名詞或名詞詞組2）優(yōu)先考慮的關(guān)鍵詞：①專有名詞，包括人名和帶“”的詞②數(shù)字、時(shí)間③形容詞和副詞④比較或因果語言現(xiàn)象
2仔細(xì)閱讀包含關(guān)鍵詞的句子，在本句、上下句尋找線索。
3、將包含線索的句子與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，對(duì)線索句進(jìn)行同義替換的為正確答案。同義替換有三種方式：①關(guān)鍵詞替換②正話反說③語言簡(jiǎn)化
二、按照順序?qū)ふ掖鸢?/p>
由于細(xì)節(jié)題的排列順序，一般對(duì)應(yīng)原文的敘述順序，所以一般按順序?qū)ふ掖鸢?。關(guān)于實(shí)驗(yàn)型文章
①在實(shí)驗(yàn)型文章中，通?？梢愿鶕?jù)問題中的動(dòng)詞定位 ②答案基本上按順序?qū)ふ?/p>
——四級(jí)考試中一般有五個(gè)表示試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的重要?jiǎng)釉~：find, show, identify, observe, notice一般看到含有這幾個(gè)詞的句子要注意，通?？春竺嬗袥]有類似的詞出現(xiàn)在問題中；反之，看到問題中有這幾個(gè)詞的時(shí)候要到文章中找這幾個(gè)詞，這些都是近義詞。實(shí)驗(yàn)型文章實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康闹赶蛑黝}或目的不定式
第一段首末出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折常與主體掛鉤.如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)意思是相反的，那么其中必有一個(gè)是正確的；如果有兩個(gè)意思都是一樣的，那么這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)一定都是錯(cuò)誤的。
許多選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)：文章里是客觀描述，結(jié)果到了選項(xiàng)里變成了主觀性的描述，這些選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的——這是四級(jí)常用的陷阱。選項(xiàng)中口氣太絕的也是錯(cuò)誤的 出題的位置包括：
1、重要句，重要句包括：①各段首末句 ②文中結(jié)論解釋句
2、特殊語言現(xiàn)象，包括：比較、轉(zhuǎn)折、數(shù)字、因果和例子（尤其是很長(zhǎng)的例子的時(shí)候他喜歡考）。
當(dāng)文章的主題句、中心思想很難找的時(shí)候，可以看在文章的段首段尾句、關(guān)鍵的句子里出現(xiàn)多的單詞，一般是主題詞；另一種方法是看5個(gè)題目中的各個(gè)選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)次數(shù)比較多的詞也可能是主題詞。
句子題的做題思路：①分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，包含這個(gè)句子主干的選項(xiàng)為正確答案②看上下句，確定同義或反義關(guān)系。主題題型
一、1、有主題句時(shí)，與主題句相對(duì)應(yīng)的為正確答案
——如何找主題句：主題句具有總結(jié)性，一般位于文中三個(gè)地方①全文首句（出現(xiàn)得最多）②一段末句，一段末句出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折或結(jié)論時(shí)常出現(xiàn)主題。③第二段的一、二句，二段對(duì)一段進(jìn)行總結(jié)或否定時(shí)常出現(xiàn)主題。例如進(jìn)行總結(jié)的文章；進(jìn)行否定的文章；
2、文中沒有主題句時(shí)，各段首句相加，其中共有的詞匯為本文的主體詞，必須出現(xiàn)在主題題型的正確答案中。
主題詞的特征有：①一般為名詞或名詞詞組；②出現(xiàn)頻率較高；③一般位于段落首句。
二、根據(jù)語言提示尋找主題
1、根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定主題，常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：①結(jié)論解釋型的文章，結(jié)論為主題所在。一般首句是個(gè)判斷句或者有態(tài)度時(shí)就常是結(jié)論，尤其是首句之后緊跟較長(zhǎng)的例子或細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)。
②現(xiàn)象解釋型的文章，解釋為文章主題所在?！獑柧涑霈F(xiàn)在一段首末句，問句等于現(xiàn)象?；卮鹁褪侵黝}。
③問題解決方案型文章，解決方案為文章主題。2001年6月第一篇
2、文章首句中的主題名詞，尤其是主語在后文被重復(fù)時(shí)，暗示首句為本文的主題句。
三、主題題型的變體
1、標(biāo)題，本文最好的標(biāo)題
①正確答案對(duì)應(yīng)文章的主題詞；②選項(xiàng)范圍要恰如其分；
2、寫作目的①寫作目的等于中心思想；②文章中談到困難或問題(problem,difficulty,hardship)時(shí)，包含下列動(dòng)詞的選項(xiàng)優(yōu)先考慮：warn,remind，四、主題題型的正誤選項(xiàng)的特征
1、正確選項(xiàng)必須包含文中的主題詞；
2、錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)主要有兩種：①包含細(xì)節(jié)；②出現(xiàn)了原文中沒有提到的內(nèi)容。文章中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，作者可以明確支持其中一派；如果不明確支持其中一派，他的態(tài)度一般是折衷的。詞義題
一、返回原文找到被考的詞或短語
二、做題方法
①根據(jù)上下文確定同義或反義關(guān)系（尋找詞性和語法功能相同的詞，根據(jù)他們來確定意思）②根據(jù)詞根或動(dòng)詞詞組的副詞判斷意義
三、字面意思或大綱中的第一個(gè)意思通常不是答案 例證題
1、例證題的總原則：?jiǎn)栆粋€(gè)例子或類比的目的或原因，答案為該例子前后總結(jié)說明性的話。
2、兩種模式：①先總結(jié)，后例子答案往前找；給出例子時(shí)常有提示詞：for example ,for instance ②先例子后總結(jié)答案往后找；給出總結(jié)時(shí)常用提示詞：therefore thus 等結(jié)論性詞匯。
3、三種情況：①全文性的例子，答案為本文的主題；②段落性的例子，答案指向段落主題句，在本段的首末句；③在沒有標(biāo)志詞的情況下，問一個(gè)單詞例證什么，通常等于問該單詞在句子中的意思；
對(duì)于文章寫的比較郁悶，作者觀點(diǎn)不明確的文章，作者對(duì)文中的問題一般表示關(guān)注。Concerned 對(duì)于一個(gè)事件不管渲染的多么可怕，不出人命就不叫 fatal 致命的 因果原則
1、隱性因果：即問題出現(xiàn)因果詞，但原文找到的句子沒有因果詞，一般集中與段落的前兩句；尤其是前一句是因后一句是果。
2、顯性因果：①因果名詞（在問題中有因果，在原文中也有因果）：reason result basis ②因果動(dòng)詞：base on ,be due to , result from , result in ③因果連詞或介詞：because, with, why , for, as ④因果副詞：therefore , thus ,as a result 在文章中看見因果詞就要想到后面會(huì)考到；在選項(xiàng)中看到因果詞，就要想到文中的因果現(xiàn)象。
如果文章中談一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)問題，解決方案一般不夠完美，所以涉及解決方案的選項(xiàng)具有以下特征才是正確的：①目前解決方案不行；②需要繼續(xù)尋找解決方案。實(shí)驗(yàn)型文章實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康闹赶蛑黝}或目的不定式，對(duì)于實(shí)驗(yàn)性文章，實(shí)驗(yàn)代表人物有了，再看實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模缓笫菍?shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，凡是與這三點(diǎn)無關(guān)的句子都要快讀。文章的主題可以用兩個(gè)方式來表達(dá)：①直接闡述作者的觀點(diǎn)；②否定與作者相反、相對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)。
表示態(tài)度的詞： favorable adj.贊成的, 有利的, 贊許的, 良好的
enthusiastic adj.狂熱, 熱心, 積極性
supportive adj.支持的，支援的 defensive 為??而辯護(hù)
objection /opposition 反對(duì)
detestation/ hatred n.憎惡, 厭惡的人, 嫌惡
indignation 憤慨
contempt n.輕視, 輕蔑, 恥辱, 不尊敬
compromising n.妥協(xié), 折衷v.妥協(xié), 折衷
worried adj.悶悶不樂的,焦慮的
Formal(informal)正式, 禮儀, 拘謹(jǐn)(非正式, 不拘禮, 通俗)
Matter of fact 實(shí)事求是, 以事實(shí)為依據(jù)
Personal(impersonal)人性的, 涉及隱私的, 私人的,(客觀的, 和個(gè)人無關(guān)的, 沒有人情味的, 非人的)
Respectful 表示尊敬的, 有禮貌的, 謙恭的 Wonder 奇跡, 驚訝, 難以置信的
Affection(affectionate)深情的, 親切的, 摯愛的
Amusement(amusing)有趣的, 使人發(fā)笑的, 消遣的, 愉快的
Approval(disapproval)贊成的, 滿意的(不以為然的, 不贊成的, 非難的)Reverence(irreverence)虔誠(chéng)的, 表示尊敬的, 充滿崇敬心的(不敬的, 不遜的, 無禮的)
Disappointment 使人失望的, 令人沮喪的, Sarcasm(sarcastic)諷刺的, 譏諷的 Persuasive(convincing)令人信服的, 有力的, 使人心悅誠(chéng)服的 Indifferent 漠不關(guān)心的, 不重要的, 冷淡的 Condemnation(condemnable)該受責(zé)備的, 可非難的, 該罰的 Apologetic 道歉的, 急于認(rèn)錯(cuò)的, 辯護(hù)的 Frustrated 挫折的, 挫敗的, 無益的 Contemptuous 輕蔑的, 鄙視的, 瞧不起人的 Cynical 憤世嫉俗的, 諷刺的, 冷嘲的 Pitying 憐憫的, 遺憾的, 同情的 Bitter(bitterness)痛苦的, 懷恨的(悲痛, 怨恨)
Factual 事實(shí)的, 實(shí)際的 Humorous 富幽默感的, 滑稽的, 詼諧的 Inventive 善于創(chuàng)造的, 發(fā)明的 Self-righteous 自以為是的 Insincere 不誠(chéng)實(shí)的, 無誠(chéng)意的, 偽善的 Matter-of-fact 事實(shí)的, 實(shí)際的, 事務(wù)性的,平淡的
Stick to established facts 堅(jiān)持已確立的觀點(diǎn)
Impatient 不耐煩的, 著急的, 急切的 Pleasure 心情舒暢的, 愉悅的 Anxious to please 焦慮地討好, 渴望地取悅
Seriously 嚴(yán)肅地, 認(rèn)真地
Up-to-date 最近的, 跟上時(shí)代的 Paradoxical and witty 似非而是的詼諧, 矛盾的妙語, 詭論的機(jī)智
Unforgiving 不可饒恕的, 不可原諒的 Professionally scientific 專于科學(xué)的, 專業(yè)從事科學(xué)的
Argumentative 好辯的 Critical 批評(píng)的, 吹毛求疵的, 非難的 Admire 欽佩的, 羨慕的 Expected 期待的, 盼望的 Fascinating 迷人的, 吸引人的, 使人神魂顛倒的
Easily understood 清晰易懂的, 明了的 Incorrect 不正確的 Curious 好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的 Rational 理性的, 合理的 Decisive 決定性的, 堅(jiān)定的, 果斷的 Reflective 反射的, 反映的 Self-contradictory 自相矛盾的 Confusing 混淆的, 混亂的, 無秩序的 Optimistic 樂觀的, 樂觀主義的 Pessimistic 悲觀的, 悲觀主義的 Sentimental 感傷的, 感情用事的
Scientifically objective 客觀科學(xué)的, 從科學(xué)
角度不帶任何偏見的 Delighted 開心,快樂
Show horror 展現(xiàn)恐怖氛圍, 描寫恐怖心理
Esthete 審美的, 唯美主義的, approval 贊成，承認(rèn)
approving 滿意的 concerned 關(guān)心的，重視的 confident 自信的，確信的 complimentary 贊美的 impartial 全面的，公正的 objective 客觀的 optimistic 樂觀的 positive 實(shí)際的 radical根本的，激進(jìn)的 subjective主觀的，個(gè)人的 unbiased 沒有偏見的 emotional感情的，情緒的 biased 偏向的 critical評(píng)論的, 鑒定的, 批評(píng)的, cynical憤世疾俗的 disapproval 不贊成
disgusting(annoying/disturbing)令人厭惡的 indignant 憤怒的 intolerable無法忍受的 irrelevant不相關(guān)的 negative 否定的，消極的 opposite/opposing反對(duì)的 prejudiced有成見的；偏頗的 pessimistic 悲觀的 sarcastic諷刺的suspicious(doubtful)可疑的，questionable/skeptical 置疑的 apathetic(unsympathetic)無動(dòng)于衷的 indifferent 漠不關(guān)心的 impartial/ unprejudiced 公平的，不偏不倚的 impassive(unsympathetic/unresponsive)冷漠的，沒同情心的 impersonal 無個(gè)人色彩的
第五篇：2012英語四級(jí)寫作輔導(dǎo)
記敘文的思路與練習(xí)
記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫人為主，又可以以寫事為主。寫記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：
時(shí)間(When)—— 何時(shí)發(fā)生，有沒有具體時(shí)間?
地點(diǎn)(Where)—— 何地發(fā)生，有沒有地點(diǎn)變化?
人物(Who)—— 何人參與，誰是主角?
事件(What)—— 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點(diǎn)?
原因(Why)—— 事件的起因?
結(jié)果(How)—— 事件的經(jīng)過及結(jié)局?
一般說來，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。
記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開。
【例】四級(jí)考試中，只出現(xiàn)過一次專門的記敘文體裁的寫作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.)，2003年6月出現(xiàn)過包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。
對(duì)于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開始構(gòu)思了。
When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，“我”去散步。
Where：到哪兒散步?去公園?在校園里?在街上(街上空氣不好，還是不去!)。
Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書背單詞的學(xué)生。
What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂跳舞，打球，等等。
Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書，讀讀單詞。
當(dāng)然，由這個(gè)題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。
參考范文
An Early Morning Walk
One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet.The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees.I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there.Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities.Some were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.I wandered around the park.To my delight，I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park.I went up and spoke to them in English.We soon became friends.I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English.On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful.Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】文章按照時(shí)間順序(in chronological order)，第一句話點(diǎn)明時(shí)間(One morning)、人物(第一人稱“I”)，并簡(jiǎn)要描述了早晨的特點(diǎn)(What was the setting)，接著第二段第一句話交代地點(diǎn)(in the park)，然后介紹公園里人們及作者的活動(dòng)(What was happening)，最后在文章結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題，即，歸納中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.僅僅189個(gè)單詞既滿足了記敘文的“六大要素”，又有明確的中心思想和生動(dòng)的細(xì)節(jié)，行文方式符合要求。
1.以“A Most Unlucky Day”為題，想想該怎么寫。注意：題目的中心詞是“unlucky”。
When：
Where：
Who：
What：
Why：
How：
參考思路
When：哪一天是最倒霉的日子?考前的晚上?公布成績(jī)的日子?周末?
Where：在大街上違章停車?在學(xué)校?在商場(chǎng)?在經(jīng)常光顧的地方——食堂、餐廳、麥當(dāng)勞、圖書館、溜冰場(chǎng)、投影廳?
Who：是我倒霉?是好友?你?那個(gè)蛋白質(zhì)室友?
What：拿到罰單?上課上班遲到?失戀?被竊?四級(jí)沒過?
Why：倒霉嘛，無非是運(yùn)氣不好，睡過頭了、態(tài)度惡劣、偷懶、不刻苦?
How：一團(tuán)糟，挨批，心情極度沮喪，不過也無所謂嘛?
想完之后，我們?cè)倩c(diǎn)兒功夫?qū)㈥P(guān)聯(lián)的東東挑出來，別忘了本文的中心是“unlucky”。根據(jù)自己的思路，寫一篇文章：
參考范文
A Most Unlucky Day
I had a streak of tough luck yesterday.Everything，it seemed to me，went wrong.And I simply couldn’t understand why all the bad things happened to me in one single day.In the morning，as luck would have it，my alarm clock didn’t ring，and with an aching head I woke up half an hour later than usual.I was in such a hurry that，when making an omelet，I got my fingers burnt and splashed the omelet all over the floor of the kitchen.Having no time for my breakfast at that point，I rushed out of my house with an empty stomach and hurting fingers.I had intended to catch the 7:30 subway，but somehow I couldn’t make it.I became very nervous at the mere thought of being late for my English class，because my English teacher is very strict and demanding，and he gets angry whenever any student is late for his class.After getting off the 7:40 subway，I raced all the way from the station to my school，thinking it would be impossible for me to flag a taxi at this hour of the day.At the corner of the street near my school，I abruptly bumped into a man and，worse luck，broke the glasses I had bought for 500 yuan just last week.With scarcely any time to receive or offer an apology，I just kept on running and running.At long last，I arrived at the school only to find，with great sadness mixed with some relief，that the school was empty and the classrooms were all locked.It was Saturday.My ill luck showed no sign of coming to an end.When I returned home greatly frustrated，I found myself locked out.In my hurry I had forgotten to bring the key with me.Just my luck!【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這篇文章按照時(shí)間順序一氣呵成。文章的標(biāo)題、第一句和最后一句都點(diǎn)出了中心思想：“I had a most unlucky day”。故事從作者醒來開始，在慌慌張張中煎蛋卷、趕地鐵、急奔學(xué)校、撞破眼鏡、發(fā)現(xiàn)白忙乎了一場(chǎng)，最后猛然清醒——匆忙之中忘了鑰匙!整個(gè)故事描述得精彩生動(dòng)，既有動(dòng)作的細(xì)節(jié)又有作者內(nèi)心的感受，讓讀者也身臨其境地體會(huì)了倒霉的一天。
根據(jù)以下提示敘述一場(chǎng)交通事故：1)用第一人稱;2)短語提示：drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour;it was dark;a small girl chased a dog;not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3)寫出作者對(duì)此交通意外的感想。
參考范文
Last night I was driving home from work.I had an accident.I was following behind a truck，driving at about 30 kilometers an hour.I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark.Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left.She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic.I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right.The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car.Fortunately I did not hit her，but I hit a car coming in the other direction.Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious.It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child，I thought to myself.B： 以第一人稱寫一篇記敘文，講述在旅行中經(jīng)歷的一件小事。
參考范文
Go on a Mediterranean Journey
My wife and I have always enjoyed traveling by sea，and last year we decided to go on a Mediterranean journey.Although our holiday was rather expensive we thought that the high standard of accommodation，the first-class food and the many interesting places we saw were well worth the price we paid.We found that most of the other passengers were friendly and interesting，but there was one man，a Mr.James，who irritated and annoyed us.Whatever subject we talked about，it seemed that he was an expert at it.He had，apparently，read more books，visited more countries and studied more languages，than anyone else had.After a few days，we ate our meals in silence，because nobody wanted to begin a conversation that would soon be taken over by this man.Then my wife had an idea.She suggested that we might think of an unusual subject，look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it at dinner.If it were an unusual subject，Mr.James could not possibly know anything about it.The subject we chose was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century.” At dinner that night we discussed this subject with great enthusiasm.Mr.歷年四級(jí)考試中的“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”、“My Ideal Job”以及圖表作文的第一段都屬于說明文的范疇，如，2002年6月的根據(jù)坐標(biāo)圖寫題為“Students Use of Computers”的作文。
說明文必須按一定的順序進(jìn)行說明：時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)識(shí)順序，選擇具體的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)來說明。
所以，說明文的思路要圍繞說明順序、事物的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)展開。例如：
范文點(diǎn)評(píng)
A Famous Clock
When you visit London，one of the first things you will see is Big Ben，the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834，the great clock would never have been erected.Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.It is not only of immense size，but is extremely accurate as well.Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.On the B.B.C.you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.Once，however，it failed to give the correct time.A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】這是《新概念英語》中的一篇經(jīng)典說明文，介紹了世界著名的“大本鐘”。文章開篇指明該鐘位于英國(guó)倫敦，且全世界的人們通過BBC就能夠聽到鐘聲。接下來講述了“大本鐘”的由來，特點(diǎn)——不僅外型巨大，而且走時(shí)準(zhǔn)確，在結(jié)尾處講了“大本鐘”的一個(gè)幽默的小插曲——油漆工把油漆桶掛在指針上，把鐘弄慢了。細(xì)讀這篇文章，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)區(qū)159個(gè)單詞就把“大本鐘”的光輝形象牢牢地刻在讀者的腦海里，為什么?本文基于事實(shí)，分析了主題的來龍去脈，語言簡(jiǎn)潔又不失生動(dòng)貼切，作者態(tài)度客觀又充滿幽默，使讀者既“明白了事理”，又對(duì)事物有較完整明晰的了解認(rèn)識(shí)，此乃說明文之真諦也。以“Goals”為題打開一篇說明文的思路。
參考思路
1)目標(biāo)的分類：(可根據(jù)時(shí)間順序，空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)識(shí)順序，任選一個(gè)進(jìn)行分類和排列)
2)各個(gè)類別的特點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)：
3)組織成文：
范文點(diǎn)評(píng)
Goals
Everyone has goals.Many people do not reach their goals for lack of planning.These three sets of goals should be developed： lifetime，intermediate and short term.Lifetime goals should be written out.These goals should be clear and reasonable.For instance，the goal to win a research prize is clear and measurable.Other lifetime goals might include publishing a certain number of influential books or articles，earning a departmental chairmanship at a major university，successfully competing for a grant from the National Science Foundation or securing a consultantship with a big corporation.Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years.For the beginning doctoral student，intermediate goals may include completion of course work and preparation of a doctoral research proposal.Like lifetime goals，these are measurable and clearly stated.Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months.These goals are more performance oriented，and they help with achievement of intermediate goals.Examples of short-term goals are earning an A in a course，learning how to program a computer or performing an experiment.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本文介紹了人生的三種目標(biāo)：終生的、長(zhǎng)期的和短期的目標(biāo)。在文中采用了說明文常用的方法：定義、舉例、分類和比較等。我們要了解并且要掌握的方法：
1.定義法(definition)
定義法是用下定義的方式去揭示事物本質(zhì)特征或概念內(nèi)涵。它能使讀者迅速抓住本質(zhì)屬性和基本特點(diǎn)。此法的句型：
① ? is a/the ? of ? which/that ?② ? relate to/involve/refer to ?
【例】
(1)Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which is used for human communication.語言是人類用來交際的任意性的語音符號(hào)體系。
(2)Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years.(3)Short-term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months.2.舉例法(illustration)
舉例法就是舉出實(shí)際事例來說明事物的方法，是最常見，往往也是最有效的闡釋模式。
專家提醒
舉例時(shí)應(yīng)挑選具體、典型且有能力表達(dá)清楚的例子，并注意按照一定的順序編排。
請(qǐng)看上述范文第二段：“For instance”引出“l(fā)ifetime goals”的實(shí)例，如，贏得研究獎(jiǎng)金、出版有影響書或文章、獲得大學(xué)的系主任職位、獲得國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金及大公司穩(wěn)定的顧問職位。
3.分類法(classification)
分類法就是把說明的對(duì)象，按一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分成不同類別分別加以說明的方法。如：上述范文介紹人生的三種目標(biāo)，并按照時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短對(duì)終生目標(biāo)、長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)和短期目標(biāo)做了分類說明。
4.比較法(comparison)
比較法是用一個(gè)事物和與其有聯(lián)系的其他事物加以對(duì)比的說明方法。目的是為了幫助讀者準(zhǔn)確地區(qū)分事物，通過對(duì)比達(dá)到對(duì)該事物的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)。
如：上述范文對(duì)三種人生目標(biāo)在時(shí)間上和實(shí)際操作上進(jìn)行了比較，并闡明了彼此的聯(lián)系。
(1)Lifetime goals should be written out.(2)Like lifetime goals，these are measurable and clearly stated.(3)These goals are more performance oriented，and they help with achievement of intermediate goals.5.數(shù)字法(statistics)
數(shù)字法是運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)來表明事物的本質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)確合理的數(shù)據(jù)使文章精確可信。
【例】
(1)Nearly half of all Americans over age 20 wear a bridge or denture，and more than 20 percent have complete upper and lower denture.By age 50，one out of every two persons has gum disease.(2)And it seems sensible to wait.One quarter of all marriages between people under twenty-one end in divorce.In Britain in 1972，there were 124，248 divorces.說明文的說明方法除上面介紹的常見的幾種以外，還有諸如分項(xiàng)法、列舉法、比喻法及引用法等，只有綜合運(yùn)用多種說明方法，才能多角度、多層次地全面、清晰、準(zhǔn)確地展示客觀事物的本來面貌。
1.用定義法解釋：
CET-4：
the Olympic Games：
a skeleton in the cupboard：
Hope Project：
qualifications：
2.用舉例法說明：
教育的重要性：
當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的危害：
成功的方法：
健身的種種看法：
大學(xué)生學(xué)好英語的方法：
3.用分類法說明：
社會(huì)實(shí)踐的方面：
課外活動(dòng)：
大學(xué)生談戀愛的原因：
大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的分配情況：
食堂的伙食：
4.用比較法說明：
留學(xué)的利弊：
兼職的好壞：
不同的減肥方法：
題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)與素質(zhì)教育：
5.用數(shù)字法說明：
大學(xué)生的身體狀況：
大學(xué)生的就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀：
汽油價(jià)格上漲帶來的影響：
手機(jī)的使用情況：
中國(guó)人住房狀況：
借助說明文的構(gòu)思方法，看看下列題目該如何寫：
(1)The Layout of a Hospital
Direction： You are asked to write a composition about “The Layout Of a Hospital”。Locate some important departments in the hospital based on the picture and information given below.Your compositions should be no less than 100 words.1)the Emergency Department
2)the Out-patient Department
3)the Surgery Department
4)Dispensary/Pharmacy
5)Physician Department
6)the Eye，Ear，and Throat Department
7)the Dental Department
8)the Laboratory
9)the X-ray Department
10)the Administrative Building
11)the Ward
參考范文
Near the gate，on the west side of the road is the Emergency Department.Opposite the Emergency Department across the Main Road is the Out-patient Department.The building to the southwest of the lake is the Dispensary，which faces the Surgery Department lying on the other side of the road.Along the west wall，from south to north，stand three buildings： the Physician Department，the Eye，Ear，and Throat Department，and the Dental Department.The Laboratory is to the northwest of the round about，and beside the Laboratory，the X-ray Department is located on the same side of the road.A winding road by the lake leads to the Ward.Near the end of the main road，the Administrative Building is situated on the east side.The hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out.
點(diǎn)擊咨詢 