第一篇：389爆破服務(wù)器全過程 圖解 個(gè)人翻譯英文 非常詳細(xì)

3389是一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程桌面的端口，很多人為了更方便管理服務(wù)器，更新服務(wù)器上的資源等，經(jīng)常會(huì)開啟3389端口，用nastat-an命令可以查看該端口的開啟。對(duì)于一個(gè)賬戶如果賬號(hào)密碼過于弱很容易被爆破到，一般默認(rèn)賬號(hào)為Administrator，極少會(huì)是admin，而對(duì)于過于簡單的密碼，在3389密碼字典中均可找到，下面來講解爆破3389服務(wù)器，獲得一臺(tái)服務(wù)器的全過程。工具：DUbrute3.0爆破工具（或者用frdpb)SYN掃描工具 IP Search 1.首先用IP seacher搜索一段活躍的IP段，也可以在百度搜索活躍3389IP段，其次就是SYN掃描，最好是在server2003的服務(wù)器或者虛擬機(jī)下掃描，如果硬要在XP系統(tǒng)下掃描，那么先讓XP支持SYN掃描，將支持SYN補(bǔ)丁tcpip復(fù)制到C:WindowsSystem32Drives目錄下，重啟后即可進(jìn)行SYN掃描，對(duì)于剛裝好的server2003系統(tǒng)先對(duì)以下服務(wù)進(jìn)行操。sc config LmHosts start= auto sc config RpcLocator start= autosc config NtlmSsp start= autosc config lanmanserver start= autosc config SharedAccess start= disablednet start LmHosts 2>nul net start RpcLocator 2>nul net start NtlmSsp 2>nul net start lanmanserver 2>nul net stop SharedAccess >nul 2>nul //*停止防火墻2.將IP seach下的IP段復(fù)制到SYN掃描器下的ip.txt中，開始掃描一段時(shí)間。掃描完畢后生產(chǎn)ips文檔，IPS文檔中的IP就是開啟3389端口的IP。3.下面使用DUbrute3.0（多個(gè)密碼爆破，低于該版本的則為單個(gè)密碼爆破）工具，這款工具是全英文版的工具，下面本人對(duì)這款工具進(jìn)行翻譯下，如下圖的DUbrute工具截圖：

下面我解釋圖中的英文意思: Source表示“源”。Bad表示“壞的”Good表示“好的”Error表示“錯(cuò)誤的”Check表示：“檢測”Thread表示“線程”Start表示“開始”Stop表示“停止”Config表示“配置”Generation 表示“生成”About表示“關(guān)于”Exit表示“退出” 4.大概重要的翻譯完了，下面導(dǎo)入需要爆破的3389的IP，直接打開Generation，打開后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有三列需要添加的東西，第一列中是需要爆破的IP，我們直接點(diǎn)擊File IP導(dǎo)入IPS下的所有IP，第二列Login是登陸賬號(hào)，我們這里可以直接選擇Add Login添加用戶名，兩個(gè)就可以了吧，就直接Administrator或者Admin，當(dāng)然你也可以導(dǎo)入U(xiǎn)sername的字典，不過這樣更慢而已。第三列Password，選擇File pass導(dǎo)入我們的3389密碼字典。最后點(diǎn)擊made，退出該界面。5.點(diǎn)擊Config進(jìn)行配置，對(duì)于2G的服務(wù)器可以將Thread線程到2000.我們隨便選擇1000或者500。OK，下面有bad.txt和Good.txt里面裝載的會(huì)是我們之后的服務(wù)器IP的正確賬號(hào)密碼和錯(cuò)誤的連接IP。

6.OK，開始點(diǎn)擊Start爆破，等待時(shí)間，Good后面出現(xiàn)數(shù)字表示我們已經(jīng)爆破成功多少臺(tái)服務(wù)器，Bad表示壞的正在Check中，我們可以在DUbrute下找到Good文檔打開，可以看到爆破成功的服務(wù)器的IP和登錄賬號(hào)密碼。上圖已顯示成功爆破出6臺(tái)服務(wù)器 恭喜爆破成功，開始——運(yùn)行——mstsc，進(jìn)入3389登錄框，輸入IP，連接上去輸入爆破到的賬號(hào)密碼，登錄服務(wù)器中，這一步恭喜你成功得到了一臺(tái)服務(wù)器，趕緊創(chuàng)建一個(gè)屬于自己的超級(jí)隱藏用戶吧。親，不要做壞事哦，如果是游戲服務(wù)器不要打擾別人游戲哦。其實(shí)得到服務(wù)器后還有一系列留后門的方法，關(guān)于如何留后門可在本人空間看到詳細(xì)講解多種留后門的方法。為的是長期獲得服務(wù)器使用權(quán)限。教程很簡單，關(guān)鍵靠自己理解原理。

第二篇：英文申請(qǐng)信件(非常詳細(xì))

英文書信格式：

英文書信通常由下列五個(gè)部分組成：

A 信頭（Heading）包括寫信人地址和寫信日期，通常寫在信箋的右上角。在比較熟識(shí)的朋友之間的通信，寫信人的地址?？陕匀?。地址的寫法通常是由小到大，如：門牌號(hào)、街道名、市（縣）名、省名、國名（郵政編碼通

常寫在城市名之后）。這同中文書信的地址寫法完全相反。日期寫在地址的下方，可以寫1～3行。通常有下列兩種定法：（a）月、日、年（美式）：如August 15, 200__（b）日、月、年（英式）：如15th august, 200__，月、日的后面用逗號(hào),年份后面不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)。

B 稱呼（Salutation）指寫信人對(duì)收信人的稱呼，如Dear Xiaojun，寫在日期下一兩行，頂格寫，稱呼后面可用逗號(hào)，也可用冒號(hào)，一般用Dear…或My dear…開頭。

C 正文（Body）這是書信的主體部分，即寫信人要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。正文一般在稱呼下方隔兩行處開始寫，正文的首行左邊一般留約5個(gè)字母寬的空白。

D 結(jié)束語（Complimentary Close）它是書信結(jié)尾的恭維話，相當(dāng)于文中書信最后的“祝好”、“致禮”之類的話語。如 “Best wishes”等

E 簽名（Signature）簽名通常簽在結(jié)束語下方的中間偏右的位置，即使是打?qū)憴C(jī)打出的信件，最后仍需親筆簽名，簽名由寫信人和收信人的關(guān)系和親疏程度而定，一般只需寫名不寫姓，但若用了較莊重的結(jié)尾套語，此時(shí)可簽全名。在簽名的上方可根據(jù)寫信人和收信人的關(guān)系寫Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely（用于長輩或朋友之間），或Respectfully yours/Yours respectfully（用于對(duì)長輩或上級(jí)），注意開頭字母要大寫，末尾要用逗號(hào)。

申請(qǐng)信

申請(qǐng)信寫法：

開頭：說明寫信目的(申請(qǐng)?jiān)?，信息來源，對(duì)所申請(qǐng)工作或?qū)W校的認(rèn)識(shí)，自己的打算。

主體：著重介紹自己的背景(教育情況，工作經(jīng)歷，興趣愛好，特長等)。求職信先介紹工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，要突出個(gè)人能力及工作業(yè)績；求學(xué)信要重點(diǎn)介紹自己受教育程度。總之，要努力使自己的介紹引起對(duì)方的興趣。

結(jié)尾：表達(dá)自己的愿望，如希望得到面試機(jī)會(huì)等，語氣要自信而堅(jiān)定。

一、英文求學(xué)申請(qǐng)信的格式和正文內(nèi)容(Application for Admittance)

英文求學(xué)申請(qǐng)信與普通信函的格式一樣,包括信頭(寫信人的地址和寫信日期)、收信人的姓名和地址、稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語和簽名.求學(xué)申請(qǐng)信一般包括如下內(nèi)容:

1.簡單介紹個(gè)人的情況,包括學(xué)歷、工作經(jīng)歷、研究經(jīng)歷等;

2.說明所申請(qǐng)的專業(yè)和希望入學(xué)的時(shí)間;

3.請(qǐng)學(xué)校寄入學(xué)申請(qǐng)表和有關(guān)資料;

4.請(qǐng)學(xué)校介紹入學(xué)條件和要求;

5.若申請(qǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)資助,可要求學(xué)校寄經(jīng)濟(jì)資助申請(qǐng)表;

6.信中要寫上申請(qǐng)人的通訊地址和電話,以便對(duì)方回復(fù).二、英文求學(xué)申請(qǐng)信的寫作要求

1.應(yīng)符合英語信件的格式,表達(dá)方式符合英語習(xí)慣;

2.申請(qǐng)人的語氣要自信而不傲慢,禮貌而不卑微,即不卑不亢,恰如其分;

3.應(yīng)寫得簡明流暢,言簡意賅.三、英文求學(xué)申請(qǐng)信正文部分的行文技巧

正文部分一般可以從三個(gè)方面組織內(nèi)容: 1.用簡短的開場白明確陳述寫信的目的,即申請(qǐng)什么專業(yè)和學(xué)位,從何得知申請(qǐng)信息等 入學(xué)申請(qǐng)應(yīng)明確說明申請(qǐng)何類性質(zhì)或何種學(xué)位的課程,準(zhǔn)備何時(shí)入學(xué)等;2.主體段用來概述自己的情況,包括年齡、專業(yè)、學(xué)歷、資歷、特長、興趣等,旨在給

對(duì)方留下深刻的印象.即使附有履歷也應(yīng)在主體段總結(jié)說明自己的基本情況,強(qiáng)調(diào)自己具備充分的申請(qǐng)資格.3.結(jié)束段主要用來敦請(qǐng)對(duì)方關(guān)照,說明附件.根據(jù)需要,還可以在主體段與結(jié)束段之間增補(bǔ)段落,說明其他具體情況,如外語水平、獲獎(jiǎng)情況、經(jīng)濟(jì)能力等.附:求學(xué)申請(qǐng)信樣信正文部分

Dear Sir or Madam:

I am writing to apply for a place in the MA program in Economics of your university for the 2003-2004 academic year.I am presently a fourth-year student at the Department of Economics, Beijing University.In the past three years, I have done well and have received quite a number of scholarships and honors.When I graduate and take my Bachelor's degree in June 2003, I wish to work for my Master's degree in Economics at your Graduate School.I would be grateful if you could send me an Application Form for Graduate Admission and a Financial Aid Form as well as information about your university.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely, 常用語：

I have learned that you are hiring---I would like to apply for---

I am interested in a---position in your firm.I would appreciate an interview at your convenience.I am well qualified to---for the following reasons.My interest and skill in---contribute to my qualification for this job.難得一見的好文章, 一封來自北京貴族學(xué)校的學(xué)生, 一封出自劍橋大學(xué)博士筆下.Dear Sir or Madam: My name is Ru Han Li, a student studying A-Level courses at Beijing Royal School(BRS).I intend to spend my college years in a British university by the end of September 2006 for my higher education at the same time to develop my scientific skill since I love to have a career in the field of Chemical Engineering.I had been an excellent student ever since I started my education.When I was 13 I passed the entrance exams of Chengdu Foreign Language School, the leading high school in Sichuan Province.This school accepts only 1000 top students among some 300000 candidates in the province each year.One year later I started to learn chemistry.I was extremely interested in knowing how a reaction happens, and used to find out the answer by myself.Because my personal knowledge is limited, I could not understand the professional words and graphs, which disturbed my mind for a while.A short time later, I decided to learn more about its basic know-how.I am very proud to say that I did quite a good job in my middle school.I maintained as one of the top 5 students of the 60-students in my class.In September 2005, after two years senior high school education, I transferred to BRS for A-Levels.I have chosen mathematics, physics and chemistry in order to study chemical Engineering.With a great effort in absorbing knowledge, I began realizing that chemical world is so huge that is completely out of my imagination.Chemistry is widely applied in vast areas in our daily life.I performed well and won a first-class scholarship in my second year in BRS.I am confident that I will achieve AAA for A-Level in math, physics and chemistry, which should enable me to enter an excellent UK university.I am quite confident that I can arrange both my study and my daily life well in new environment.I also took part in a great deal of social activities and some of them were really impressive.For instance, I found a part time job in a real estate company as a salesman for a month.I really enjoyed it and learnt a lot about how to express my opinion, communicate with different kinds of people and also about how to deal with an individual and how to work in a team.I had great honor in companying the president of the university of Minnesota when he visited BRS with his subordinates.We had a great talk about my school.during his visit.I’ve made up mind to read for a Bachelor degree in Chemical engineering in UK.The education in UK is well developed.The universities have perfect facilities with a long history and with some kind of strong financial and economic support.The shorter period of courses also attract me.Last but not the least, conscientious study atmosphere and the rich culture of this beautiful country, always inspiring my desire for further studies in UK

Apart from my academic excellence, I enjoy many activities in my leisure time.Basketball, computing and music are my main interests.I play the goalkeeper for our football team.I would be grateful if you could give my application your favorable consideration.I am looking forward to hearing from you in the future.With all my best regards, Yours truly Ru Han Li

申請(qǐng)信件寫作說明 一.寫作點(diǎn)撥：

申請(qǐng)信 類型很多包括求職信，報(bào)考申請(qǐng)信，留學(xué)申請(qǐng)信等；寫申請(qǐng)信應(yīng)注意語言言簡意賅，語氣誠懇禮貌，避免夸張。

申請(qǐng)信一般包括：申請(qǐng)?jiān)?、具備條件、懇請(qǐng)申請(qǐng)單位考慮自己的申請(qǐng)，表示謝意，期盼回復(fù)。具體為：

第一段引入事件，說明寫信目的。

第二段介紹關(guān)于自己的一些具體內(nèi)容。

第三段提出請(qǐng)求，表示感謝盼復(fù)。二.詞句模板：

1.好詞集錦： considerable,confident,suitable,extremely,pleased,grateful,especialy,opportunity,position,apply for, be good at, allow, would like to, offer, take...into consideration.2.說明應(yīng)聘原因常用語

A.I learned from sb/the newspaper that your company wanted to...B.I was told that...C.I have just read in the newspaper that your company needs a...D.I am writing to inquire opportunities for...E.I am writing to you to inquire if there would be any position available for me to work as a...F.I am writing to apply for the job.G.I have learned from your advertisement that a...is wanted in your company.3.介紹個(gè)人優(yōu)勢常用語

A.Now I would like to introduce myself to you.B.My name is Tom aged 16/who is a 16-year-old boy.C.I graduated from...in 2012.D.I like/am fond of swimming, singing and dancing in my spare time.E.I work hard and I can get along /on well with others.F.I am good at English and especially my spoken English is fairly good.G.I master English and I talk to foreigners in English freely.H.I am currently studying...I.I would be interested in....J.My main specialization is...4.表示感謝及請(qǐng)求常用語

A.Thank you for your consideration of my application.B.If you agree with me, I'll work hard and try to be a...C.I am available for interview.D.I am looking forward to hearing from you.E.If you agree with me, please write to me or phone me.my telephone number is...F.I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to....G.I would like to apply the position that your company offers to me.H.Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to your early reply.J.I greatly appreciate any of your favorable consideration of my application.K.I would be very grateful if you could consider my application and could send me about...l.Apart from doing sth, I may as well work as...赴美學(xué)習(xí)申請(qǐng)函（中英文）

My name is Li Ming.I am a high school graduate.I want to learn English for some time to improve my English first in America because I realize what I have learned is not enough for me after working for some time before Then I want to major in Business Studies.I have decided to go to America to look for new challenges.After receiving a master’s degree in business administration, I will come back to China and start my own company or help run the family business

I choose the USA as the place to continue my study because America is a developed country with advanced technologies.Being one of the most powerful countries in the world, America depends not only on technologies, but also ways of doing things, such as international trading and the communications with other countries.Also, I hope I can get to know outstanding people from different countries and learn something from them.All of these are my greatest motivators.That’s why I choose America for further study.I am going to Ohio.There I will spend some time learning English.I will try my best to master the language.I don’t think it will take too long for me to be very acquainted with the field..Then I will apply to Ohio University.I will major in business administration.I will spend 3 years studying there.During my study, I will accomplish all my courses in the scheduled time.After graduation, I will return home and take up an occupation.I’m sure there will be more opportunities for me with the educational experience from the USA.Maybe I’ll find a job first to get some work experience.After that, when I think I’m prepared enough, I’ll start my own company, probably a trading company.My family are in China, and I want to be with them, so I surely will come back.One more thing, I’d like to illustrate that my parents have the financial ability to cover all my expenses in the US.You can see the details in the Certificate of Deposit and Certificate of Income.我是李明，我是個(gè)高中畢業(yè)生.畢業(yè)后打算前往美國，先學(xué)一段時(shí)間語言，因?yàn)槲乙郧肮ぷ髁艘欢螘r(shí)間.但我意識(shí)到我所學(xué)的并不夠。然后主修企業(yè)學(xué)。

.我已決定去美國尋求新的挑戰(zhàn)。在我完成企管碩士學(xué)位后，我會(huì)回到中國并創(chuàng)辦自己的公司或幫助經(jīng)營家族企業(yè)。

我選擇美國作為繼續(xù)求學(xué)之地，是因?yàn)槊绹萍几叨劝l(fā)達(dá)。作為世界上最強(qiáng)大的國家之一，美國不僅技術(shù)上領(lǐng)先,而且做事方式上也如此，比如國際貿(mào)易及國家間的交流方面。我也希望能夠結(jié)識(shí)來自不同國家的人才并且博采眾長。所有這一切成了我前往的最大動(dòng)因，那就是我為什么選擇美國進(jìn)行深造的原因。

我將去俄亥俄州，在那里我會(huì)花一段時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)英語。我會(huì)盡最大努力，不會(huì)花很長時(shí)間。然后申請(qǐng)俄亥俄大學(xué)。我將主修商業(yè)管理。我會(huì)學(xué)3年。求學(xué)期間，我會(huì)如期完成學(xué)業(yè)。

畢業(yè)后，我會(huì)回國就業(yè)。我相信美國的求學(xué)經(jīng)歷會(huì)使我擁有更多的機(jī)會(huì)。也許我會(huì)先工作積攢經(jīng)驗(yàn)。機(jī)會(huì)成熟后，我會(huì)自己創(chuàng)業(yè)或繼承家族企業(yè)。我的家人都在中國，我想和家人在一起，所以我一定會(huì)回國。

另外，我想說明我的父母有足夠大經(jīng)濟(jì)能力祝福我求學(xué)的全部費(fèi)用，可以查看家庭存款與收入證明。

9)求學(xué)信(Letters of Applying for Study Chance)

改革開放以來，出國留學(xué)的熱潮一直有增無減。對(duì)于一個(gè)渴望出國深造的人來說，寫封好的求學(xué)信，至關(guān)重要。

總的來說，第一封求學(xué)信不要過長，只需寫明自己的姓名、職業(yè)、學(xué)歷、專業(yè)、入學(xué)時(shí)間以及通訊地址即可。待所申請(qǐng)的學(xué)校復(fù)函后，再按要求寄去所需材料，例如：簡歷、成績單、學(xué)位證明、推薦信、經(jīng)濟(jì)擔(dān)保書、健康證明、外語考試成績等。

例

Directions: If you are a student of Tianjin University and you want to apply to the Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program of the New York University.Write the applying letter like following:

1)Declare all your situations in Tianjin University.2)What do you want to apply for?

You should write about 100 words and don’t need to write address.Dear Mr Smiths, Thank you for your last letter.As your require, I have written a personal statement to give a detailed description of my academic and work experience in Tianjin University.I also wrote my reasons for my applying to your Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program.I have two letters of recommendation for me.One of them is from an English Professor, which proves that my English has reached an advanced level.The other is from an economics professor, which certificates that I am good in the field of economics and business management.Both of the letters will be mailed directly to you.My GMAT score is 2160.I haven’t received my TOFEL score yet.But I will send it to you as soon as I know.Best Wishes

Yours sincerely，×××

*申請(qǐng)出國的求學(xué)信應(yīng)包括PS.推薦信和相關(guān)英語考試的成績，諸如TOFEL、GRE以及GMAT等，一般來說GRE和GMAT有一個(gè)即可申請(qǐng)，而TOFEL成績則是去英語國家留學(xué)的必要條件

一封申請(qǐng)Postdoc 的樣板信

May 2, 2008 Dr.Welcome Viagra Department of Biological Chemistry Harword Medical School Boston, MA 02115 Dear Dr.Viagra I am currently a graduate student in Greg Mendel's lab at the U.of Brünn and I am writing to inquire about the possibility of a postdoctoral position in your laboratory.I plan on graduating in June, 2020 and I would be interested in beginning between June-September, 2020.My graduate work has focused on the inheritance patterns of certain traits in the pea Pisum sativum.Since peas have many traits that differ between different true-breeding plants, and since peas can both cross-fertilize and self-fertilize, this has been a good system for studying inheritance.My work has suggested that the inheritance of genetic traits follows two general rules.First, two members of a gene pair segregate from each other into the gametes.Second, during gamete formation, the segregation of alleles of one gene is independent of the segregation of alleles of another gene.This work will soon be published by the Natural History Society of Brünn.During the course of my graduate work, I have become very interested in Drosophila developmental biology.I have been especially intrigued by studies of the Polycomb complex and how it represses gene expression during development.Thus, I am quite interested in the work going on in your laboratory.I am planning a visit to the United States sometime early this summer.If possible, I would like to visit your lab at that time.I would be happy to present a seminaron my work.Enclosed is a copy of my CV.I have asked my three references to send you letters on my behalf.I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely yours, Huge de Sucker

Unit 7詢問與申請(qǐng)

為了要了解某事、或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方辦事某事、或申請(qǐng)參加學(xué)會(huì)、報(bào)名入學(xué)等，都可寫信給有關(guān)方面詢問。這類信要寫明自己的意圖以及要求對(duì)方辦的事，也可向?qū)Ψ剿魅∮嘘P(guān)資料。申請(qǐng)信的篇幅不宜過長，除語氣誠懇，言簡意賅外，還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）說明申請(qǐng)理由。如見廣告應(yīng)征，熟人介紹、專業(yè)對(duì)口等。（2）概括本人經(jīng)歷和特長，表明能勝任此項(xiàng)工作。（3）希望對(duì)方積極考慮，盡早答復(fù)。

（4）如申請(qǐng)的目的是學(xué)習(xí)、攻讀學(xué)位，應(yīng)說明資助情況。（5）要認(rèn)真簽名（中、英文均可）。

1.索取入學(xué)資料 Requesting entrance information Dear Sirs: Could you please send me some entrance information about the course of [Englis h Literature] offered at your university? I am now studying at [Beijing Foreign Languages Institute] majoring in [English Literature] and shall graduate [this year].A Chinese Government scholarship enables me to continue my postgraduate studies in [England], and your university has been recommended to me.Yours, 先生們：

我現(xiàn)就讀于[北京外國語學(xué)院]，主修[英國文學(xué)]將于[今年]畢業(yè)。我國政府給予獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金使我能來[英國]深造。并推薦來貴院攻讀研究生課程。為此向貴院索取有關(guān)入學(xué)資料，請(qǐng)惠存寄為感。2.申請(qǐng)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)

Applying for studying in a university Dear Sirs: I should like to enter your university to take such courses as [Applied Lingui stics and Comparative Literature].I was born in [1957].In [1979], I was enrolled in [the Department of Foreign Languages and Literature] of [Tianjin Teachers’ University].During my [four] academic years, I made good grades on all courses.After my graduation from this university in [1983], I found my interests tending more and more towards [Language Teaching].Now I have passed an examination sponsored by [the Ministry of Education] for a Government scholarship which will enable me to pursue further studies in your university.A transcript of records of all the subjects I completed at this university and[two] letters of recommendation offered by [two] of my professors will be sent to your directly by the university.I hope a letter of admission will be issued to me in due course.Looking forward to your reply.Your sincerely 親愛的先生們：

我希望能入貴校選讀[應(yīng)用語言學(xué)及比較文學(xué)]。

我出生于[1957年]。[1979年]考入[天津師范大學(xué)][外國語言文學(xué)系]。在校[4年]學(xué)習(xí)期間，各門功課均為優(yōu)良。[1983年]于該校大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，我對(duì)[語言教學(xué)]頗感興趣?，F(xiàn)已通過[教育部]舉辦的政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金考試，將來貴校進(jìn)修。

我在大學(xué)期間修滿的各門功課的成績單副本及[兩位]教授的推薦信將由學(xué)校直接寄去。希望能將入學(xué)證書及時(shí)寄我，并盼早日復(fù)信。3.申請(qǐng)攻讀碩士學(xué)位

Applying for M.S.Degree Dear Sirs: My name is [Li Ming].I graduated in [1990] from [Nankai] University majoring in [mathematics] with a [B.S.degree].After my graduation, I’ve been teaching [mathematics] in [No.16 Middle School].With a view to get some advanced studies, I am writing to you to apply for admission to your University to peruse my [M.S.degree].I am also applying for a scholarship or a teaching assistantship which will enable me to come to your University sooner.Hoping to be favored with an early reply.Yours faithfully, 先生們：

我叫[李明]，[1990年]畢業(yè)于[南開]大學(xué)[數(shù)學(xué)]系并獲得[理學(xué)士學(xué)位]。畢業(yè)后一直在[十六中]教[數(shù)學(xué)]。為繼續(xù)深造，我擬向你校申請(qǐng)攻讀[碩士學(xué)位]。同時(shí)我也想申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金或助教金使我能更早地來你校就讀，盼及早復(fù)信。

4.申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金

Applying for a scholarship Dear Prof.[Johnson]: My name is [Li Ming].I am writing to you to apply for a scholarship in your u niversity.Born in [Tianjin in 1960], I graduated from [Tianjin] University majoring in [Computer Science] in [1989].I have been working in the [Computer Science Department] of this university since my graduation.It is the height of my ambition to further y studies in this field in your university.But without your financial aid I couldn’t manage to come.I’ll be very grateful for your kind help.Could you please favor me with an early reply? Sincerely yours, 親愛的[約翰遜]教授：

我叫李明。我想來貴校進(jìn)修并盼能給予獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。

我于[1960年生于[天津]，于[1989年]畢業(yè)于[天津]大學(xué)[計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系]。畢業(yè)后一直在[該系]工作。我極想來貴校進(jìn)修我的專業(yè)。我只有在您的經(jīng)濟(jì)資助下才能如愿。如蒙關(guān)照感激不盡，盼速賜回音。5.申請(qǐng)做為訪問學(xué)者 Applying for admittance as a visiting scholar Dear Prof.[Jackson], I am a professor of English in the English Department of [Tianjin Foreign Languages Institute].I have taught [linguistics] for more than [15] years and have therefore attained a fair knowledge in this field.I am writing to your about the possibility of visiting scholar’s appointmentin your department next [spring].If given the opportunity, I’ll do my best to meet your requirements and I am sure I’ll be benefited in return.I hope to hear from you at your earliest convenience.Sincerely yours, [Li Ming] Enc.: My resume 親愛的[杰克遜]教授：

我是[天津外國語學(xué)院]英語系教授。教授[語言學(xué)]已有[十五]個(gè)年頭，因此略有心得。

不知貴系下學(xué)期[春季班]能否聘任我為訪問學(xué)者？如蒙不棄，我當(dāng)盡力百為符雅望。我想此舉彼此均有裨益。盼早日賜復(fù)為感。此致 敬禮！

附履歷表一份

6.申請(qǐng)進(jìn)修

Applying for further study Dear Sir, I am [Shi Lei].I am writing to you to apply for a fellowship with a stipend in your [university].Born in [Beijing] in [1966].I graduated from [Qing Hua] University majoring in [Computer Science] in [1988].[Transcript listing courses and grades will be sent on request].I have been working in the [Computer Science] Department of[Qing Hua] University since my graduation and have therefore attained knowled get and experience in this field.It is height of my ambition to further my studies in this field in your university.Should my qualification receive your favorable consideration, no exertion should be wanting on my part to please you.Looking forward to an early reply, I am.Yours respectfully, 親愛的[先生]：

我叫[石磊]，我想來貴校進(jìn)修，并盼能給予助學(xué)金。

我于[1966年]生于[北京]，于[1988年]畢業(yè)于[清華]大學(xué)[計(jì)算機(jī)]專業(yè)。[如需要各科成績單當(dāng)即寄上]。畢業(yè)后即在[本系]任職，因此對(duì)這方面具有一定的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我極想到貴校進(jìn)修我的專業(yè)，如果我的資歷受到認(rèn)可，我決不負(fù)雅望。盼早日賜復(fù)為盼。此致 敬禮！

7.申請(qǐng)半工半讀 Applying for work-study program Dear Sir, I left [Tianjin Medical College] as a graduate student in [medicine] [5 years] ago.Now I am attending and working in the [Heart] Department of [Tianjin General Hospital].In order to pursue further studies, I wish to apply for admission to your [Medical College].But as I am short of funds, I wish to apply also for a part-time job, so that I can work and study in your country under your guidance for [one or two] years.Without your financial aid I couldn’t manage to come.Do you think it possible to give me a job? I’ll be very grateful for your kind help.Could you please favor me with an early reply? Yours faithfully, Enc.: My Resume 親愛的先生：

[5年]前，我在[天津醫(yī)學(xué)院]修完研究生[內(nèi)科學(xué)]的課程，現(xiàn)在[天津總醫(yī)院][心臟科]工作。為繼續(xù)深造，我想來你們[醫(yī)學(xué)院]。但由于經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系，我希望能找到零工使我能在貴國在您的指導(dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)[

一、兩]年，我只有在您的幫助下才能前來，如蒙給予適當(dāng)工作，我將非常感激。盼賜回信。此致 敬禮！[李明] 附履歷表一份

8.申請(qǐng)去公司實(shí)習(xí)

Applying for a [trainee position] in a corporation Dear Mr.[Black]: Professor [Smith] suggested that I should write to you in regard with my interests in [a management trainee position] in your corporation.Currently, I’m the [general engineer] of [Shenyang Machine Tools Plant] in charge of [quality control].I have been granted a leave of [two years] to learn the advanced [managerial skills] and [develop business contacts] in [Australia].As a trainee, I do not require a salary, but would appreciate if you can provide me with a stipend enough to support myself during the [two years].The Chinese government will pay all my [travel expenses].In the past few years, I have read much about your corporation and its excelle nt management.To join you and work with you would be a great opportunity for me.Enclosed please find my resume and [three] letters of recommendation.If further information is needed, please inform me.I’m grateful for your considerati on.Yours Respectfully，[Li Ming] Enc.: My Resume Two Letters of Recommendation 親愛的[布萊克]先生：

鑒于我對(duì)貴公司的[管理工作]頗感興趣，[史密斯]教授建議我給您寫此信。

目前我任[沈陽機(jī)械工具廠][總工程師]負(fù)責(zé)[質(zhì)量控制]。我被準(zhǔn)予[兩年]公假前去[澳大利亞]學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的[管理技巧]和[發(fā)展貿(mào)易關(guān)系]。

做為一名實(shí)習(xí)生，我不要求一份工資，但如能提供[2年]實(shí)習(xí)期內(nèi)我的生活津貼，我將感激不盡。中國政府將擔(dān)負(fù)我的[交通費(fèi)用]。過去的幾年中，我對(duì)貴公司和其杰出的管理有所耳聞。能和你們?cè)谝黄鸸ぷ鲗?duì)我來說真是一個(gè)難得的機(jī)會(huì)。隨函奉上我的履歷一份和[3封]推薦信。如需其它證件請(qǐng)通知我本人。如蒙考慮不勝感激。此致 敬禮 [李明] 附履歷表一份及推薦信兩封

當(dāng)一個(gè)人想得到某種機(jī)會(huì)或某些東西，如申請(qǐng)得到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、求學(xué)、申請(qǐng)出國簽證等，往往通過申請(qǐng)信來請(qǐng)求。申請(qǐng)信如何分段，沒有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，其內(nèi)容一般應(yīng)包括以下三個(gè)部分：申請(qǐng)的具體內(nèi)容和緣由；自己的情況和條件；提出要求，如回信、面試等等。

對(duì)于不同的申請(qǐng)內(nèi)容，在介紹自己情況的時(shí)候也要有不同的側(cè)重。例如在求學(xué)信中，應(yīng)比較側(cè)重介紹自己已有的學(xué)位及專業(yè)情況；在申請(qǐng)留學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)資助的信中，應(yīng)著重介紹自己的學(xué)業(yè)及學(xué)術(shù)水平，因?yàn)閲夂芏鄬W(xué)校頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是以此為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。

寫申請(qǐng)信應(yīng)注意：第一，語氣要誠摯友好千萬不要表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)求的意思；第二，對(duì)于申請(qǐng)的內(nèi)容和原因一定要寫得非常清楚；第三，盡管不能表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)求的意思，但是期望得到的心情一定要表達(dá)出來。

以下是兩封申請(qǐng)信，第一封是求學(xué)信，另一封是申請(qǐng)留學(xué)資助的，第一封信用的是齊頭式，第二封信用的是縮進(jìn)式，信頭和信內(nèi)地址都已省略。

［Directions］: You are a student of Huabei University,.Write an application to get a scholarship for your graduate study in another university in America.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter,using “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address.［參考范文之一］ Dear Sir or Madam:

I am writing to apply for admission to your university to pursue my M.S.degree.I have read the annual prospectus issued by your university and found that it has the best graduate program of chemistry.I am greatly interested in the program.I graduated in 2004 from Huabei University, majoring in Chemistry and holding a B.S.degree.At university, I took many fundamental courses in Chemistry and my English is excellent as I had served as the head of English Association for two years.Since then I have been teaching Chemistry in Beijing Normal University.Through my teaching experience, I have not only deepened my understanding in this field, but mastered many complicated research skills as well.Two of my former professors and the present dean of our department have kindly written letters of recommendation for me, as enclosed with this letter.Thank you very much.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours, Li Ming ［參考范文之二］ Dear Sir or Madam:

I wish to apply for admission to your department as a graduate student.I am writing to ask whether it will be possible for you to grant me a full scholarship, considering my academic record and the fact that I have no relatives or friends in America who can act as my sponsor.I completed a four-year course in chemistry at Beijing University last June.During my four years in the university, I have passed all the required courses of study with satisfactory marks.With Chemistry as my major, I minored in Physics and Mathematics.Enclosed herewith is my transcript from the department concerned.My English is very good.I have been learning English since early childhood with the help of my father who is a professor of English in Fudan University, Shanghai.I therefore believe that I will not have language difficulties while studying in the United States.I should be most grateful if you would give my request favorable consideration.Thank you very much and look forward to your reply.Sincerely yours, Li Ming

第三篇：外貿(mào)英文實(shí)踐合同翻譯優(yōu)秀范例(個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié))

英文合同翻譯

引子:鑒于現(xiàn)在對(duì)外交流事例逐漸增多,英文合同特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)合同的翻譯愈顯重要,若譯文不準(zhǔn)確或不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),勢必會(huì)引起不必要的經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛.故今以一英文(經(jīng)濟(jì))合同寫作書籍為藍(lán)本,錄入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(經(jīng)濟(jì))合同的翻譯和寫作。

合同文件是合同雙方簽訂并必須遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的語言應(yīng)體現(xiàn)其權(quán)威性.英文合同用語的特點(diǎn)之一就表現(xiàn)在用詞上,即選擇那些法律用詞,以及正式用詞,使合同表達(dá)的意思準(zhǔn)確無誤,達(dá)到雙方對(duì)合同中使用的詞無可爭議的程度。

一.hereby 英文釋義:by means of , by reason of this 中文譯詞:特此,因此,茲

用法:常用于法律文件、合同、協(xié)議書等正式文件的開頭語；在條款中需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)也可用。語法：一般置于主語后,緊鄰主語.例1：

The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.參考譯文: 業(yè)主特此立約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi),按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價(jià),或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項(xiàng),以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報(bào)酬。注釋:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此

(2)covenant: v.make a formal agreement 立約,簽訂合同、條約;n.legal agreement具有法律約束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中

(5)the Contract Price: 合同總價(jià),指工程的總造價(jià)(6)such...as: 關(guān)系代詞,相當(dāng)于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根據(jù),按照

(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同條款 例2：

We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注釋：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know據(jù)我們所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述聲明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在聲明中（5）documentary proof：證明文件 參考譯文：

特此證明，據(jù)我們所知，上述聲明內(nèi)容真實(shí)，正確無誤，并提供了全部現(xiàn)有的資料和數(shù)據(jù)，我們同意，應(yīng)貴方要求出具證明文件。例3：

This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B)on(Date), in(Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.注釋：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下稱甲方

（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上（4）through amicable consultation：通過友好協(xié)商 參考譯文：

本合同雙方，公司（以下稱甲方）與 公司（以下稱乙方），在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上，通過友好協(xié)商，于 年 月 日在中國（地點(diǎn)），特簽訂本合同。例4：

This agreement is hereby made and entered into on(Date), by and between Co.China(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B).注釋：

（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此訂立本協(xié)議

在法律文件中表示“訂立本協(xié)議”可用以下4個(gè)動(dòng)詞：sign(make, conclude or enter into)this agreement, 按照同義詞連用的寫作特點(diǎn)，可用上述4個(gè)動(dòng)詞中的兩個(gè)來表示）。

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party B：以下簡稱乙方 參考譯文：

本協(xié)議特由中國 公司（以下簡稱甲方）與 公司（以下簡稱乙方）于 年 月 日訂立。

二 hereof 英文釋義: of this 中文譯詞:關(guān)于此點(diǎn)；在本文件中

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”時(shí)，使用該詞。例如表示本合同條件、條款時(shí)，可以說“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，這里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，這里hereof表示“of this Works”。語法：一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面，與之緊鄰。

hereof和thereof的區(qū)別：hereof強(qiáng)調(diào)“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。

例1 Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays(if required by the carrier), supply and take delivery of the goods.Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.注釋：

（1）Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not：不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反，whether… or not：不論……是否（2）the owner of the goods：貨方（3）without interruption：無間斷地（4）carrier：承運(yùn)人

（5）in default on the provisions hereof：違反本款規(guī)定 hereof：of this Clause 參考譯文：

不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反，貨方都應(yīng)晝夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承運(yùn)人需要），無間斷地提供和提取貨物。貨方對(duì)違反本款規(guī)定所引起的所有損失或損壞，包括滯期應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。例2 Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.注釋：

（1）foreign trade dealers：對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所稱

（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法規(guī)定（4）legal entity：法人

（5）be engaged in foreign trade dealings：從事對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動(dòng) 參考譯文：

本法所稱對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者，是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動(dòng)的法人和其他組織。例3 The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditions and provisions of this Law.A company complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.Provided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.注釋：

（1）a limited liability company：有限責(zé)任公司（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司（3）provisions hereof：本法規(guī)定 hereof: of this Law（4）may be registered as：登記為 參考譯文：

設(shè)立有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司，必須符合本法規(guī)定的條件。符合本法規(guī)定的條件的，登記為有限責(zé)任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法規(guī)定的條件的，不得登記為有限責(zé)任公司或股份有限公司。例4 If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.注釋：

（1）as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons：回避或者其它原因（2）arbitrator：仲裁員

（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法規(guī)定（4）be selected or appointed：選定或指定 參考譯文：

仲裁員因回避或者其它原因不能履行職責(zé)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照本法規(guī)定重新選定或指定仲裁員。例5 In the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration formulated and prepared prior to the effective date of this Law and the provisions of this Law, the provisions hereof shall prevail.注釋：

（1）conflict：相抵觸

（2）prior to the effective date of this Law：本法施行前

（3）the provisions hereof shall prevail：以本法為準(zhǔn) hereof：of this Law 參考譯文：

本法施行前制定的有關(guān)仲裁的規(guī)定與本法的規(guī)定相抵觸的，以本法為準(zhǔn)。例6 Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s)specified in Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law is /are confirmed, the organization with compensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any of the circumstance in question.Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in Article 15 and Article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refuses to make the confirmation, the claimant shall have the right to lodge a complaint.Where the claimant claims compensation, the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures of compensation.注釋：

（1）the organization with compensatory obligations：賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)（2）shall pay compensation：應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償

（3）the claimant for compensation：賠償請(qǐng)求人

（4）Article 15 and Article 16 hereof：本法第十五條、第十六條 hereof：of this Law（5）shall have the right to lodge a complaint：有權(quán)申訴（6）claims compensation：要求賠償

（7）apply to/ in：適用 More Examples: The comment applies equally here./That argument does not apply in this case./That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about./These remarks apply to every town in this kingdom./The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.參考譯文：

賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)依法確認(rèn)有本法第十五條、第十六條規(guī)定的情形之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償。

賠償請(qǐng)求人要求確認(rèn)有本法第十五條、第十六條規(guī)定情形之一的，被要求的機(jī)關(guān)不予確認(rèn)的，賠償請(qǐng)求人有權(quán)申訴。賠償請(qǐng)求人要求賠償，應(yīng)當(dāng)先向賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)提出。賠償程序適用本法第十條、第十一條、第十二條的規(guī)定。例7 If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item 4, Article 34 of this Law, and if it is serious, or those specified in Item 6, Article 58 hereof, the arbitrator in question shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility.The arbitration commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.注釋：

（1）arbitrator：仲裁員

（2）Article 58 hereof：本法第五十八條 hereof：of this Law（3）bear the legal liability and responsibility：承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任（4）the arbitration commission：仲裁委員會(huì)

（5）remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators：將其除名 參考譯文：

仲裁員有本法第三十四條第四項(xiàng)規(guī)定的情形，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，或者有本法第五十八條第六項(xiàng)規(guī)定的情形的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任，仲裁委員會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)將其除名。例8 If, pursuant to this Law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the company registration authorities fail to register a company whose application meets the requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an administrative suit.注釋：

（1）the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals：履行審批職責(zé)的有關(guān)主管部門（2）meets the requirements and provisions hereof：符合本法條件（3）the company registration authorities：負(fù)責(zé)公司登記的主管部門（4）the requirements hereof：本法條件 hereof: of this Law（5）apply for reconsideration：申請(qǐng)復(fù)議

（6）bring an administrative suit：提起行政訴訟 參考譯文：

依照本法，履行審批職責(zé)的有關(guān)主管部門，對(duì)符合本法條件的申請(qǐng)不予批準(zhǔn)，或負(fù)責(zé)公司登記的主管部門不予登記，當(dāng)事人可以依法申請(qǐng)復(fù)議或者提起行政訴訟。例9 This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies limited by shares.注釋：

（1）the crimes committed：犯罪行為

（2）against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof：犯有本決定第九條、第十條、第十一條規(guī)定 hereof: of this Decision 參考譯文：

有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司以外的企業(yè)職工有本決定第九條、第十條、第十一條規(guī)定的犯罪行為的，適用本決定。例10 Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall, in accordance with Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares” issued by the relevant responsible department of the State Council, continue to exist.Those companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this Law shall, within the specified time limit, meet the requirements hereof.Specific methods for implementation of this Law will be set out in separate regulations issued by the State Council.注釋：

（1）companies registered：已登記成立的公司

（2）the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies”：《有限責(zé)任公司規(guī)范意見》（3）the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares”：《股份有限公司規(guī)范意見》（4）the relevant responsible department of the State Council國務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門（5）in separate regulations issued by the State Council：由國務(wù)院另行規(guī)定 參考譯文：

本法施行前已登記成立的公司，應(yīng)依照法律、行政法規(guī)、地方性法規(guī)和國務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門制定的《有限責(zé)任公司規(guī)范意見》，和《股份有限公司規(guī)范意見》，繼續(xù)保留。其中不完全具備本法規(guī)定的條件的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)達(dá)到本法規(guī)定的條件。具體實(shí)施辦法，由國務(wù)院另行規(guī)定。例11 Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to acts of such business operators as contravene the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.注釋：

（1）unfair competition：不正當(dāng)競爭（2）business operators：經(jīng)營者

（3）contravene the provisions hereof：違反本法規(guī)定 the provisions hereof：本法規(guī)定 hereof：of this Law（4）the lawful rights and interests：合法權(quán)益

（5）disturbing the socio-economic order：擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序 參考譯文：

本法所稱的不正當(dāng)競爭，是指經(jīng)營者違反本法規(guī)定，損害其他經(jīng)營者的合法權(quán)益，擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的行為。

三 hereto 英文釋義: to this 中文譯詞:至此，在此上。

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”時(shí)，使用該詞。例如表示“本合同雙方”，可以說“the Parties hereto”，這里hereto表示“to this Contract”；表示“本協(xié)議附件4”，可用“Appendix 4 hereto”，這里hereto表示“to this Agreement”。語法：一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面，與之緊鄰。

hereto和thereto的區(qū)別：同前面所言hereof和thereof的區(qū)別類似，hereto強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“to this”。

例1 All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto.Should, through negotiations, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied.The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto.The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.注釋：

（1）the performance of this Contract：履行本合同（2）through amicable negotiations：友好協(xié)商

（3）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Contract本合同雙方（4）shall then be submitted for arbitration：提交進(jìn)行仲裁

（5）the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing：中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)（北京）（6）the arbitration rules of this Commission：其仲裁規(guī)則（7）the award of the arbitration：仲裁裁決

（8）unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission：仲裁委員會(huì)另有裁定的除外 參考譯文：

對(duì)于因履行本合同所發(fā)生的一切爭議，本合同雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決，如協(xié)商無法解決爭議，則應(yīng)將爭議提交中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)（北京），依據(jù)其仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁裁決是終局性的，對(duì)雙方都有約束力。仲裁費(fèi)用應(yīng)由敗訴方承擔(dān)，但仲裁委員會(huì)另有裁定的除外。

例2 “Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the patent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto.注釋：

（1）patented technology：專利技術(shù)（2）patent：專利

（3）application for the patent：專利申請(qǐng)

（4）may have the right to control：可能有權(quán)控制的

（5）permitted to be transferred in any or all countries of the world：在世界任何國家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓

（6）Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto：本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品 hereto: to this Contract 參考譯文： “專利技術(shù)”，系指乙方目前擁有的或未來獲得的，或乙方有權(quán)或可能有權(quán)控制的，或在本合同有效期間在世界任何國家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓的，適用于或可能適用制造本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品的專利和專利申請(qǐng)。

例3 “Technical Documents” means the data and the information specified in Appendix 1 hereto, such as engineering, manufacturing and original information relating to the manufacture and maintenance of the Contract Products, including drawings, blueprints, design sheets, material specifications, photographs, photostats and general data, and design and their specifications relating to manufacturing euipment, tools and facilities.Provided that the above-mentioned information shall be such information as is only available to Party B and applicable to the business operation of Party A under this Contract.注釋：

（1）technical documents：技術(shù)資料（2）the data and the information：資料（3）engineering：工程（4）manufacturing：制造

（5）original information：原始資料（6）blueprint：藍(lán)本

（7）design sheets：設(shè)計(jì)圖表

（8）material specifications：材料規(guī)格（9）photostats：影印資料（10）general data：一般資料

（11）design and their specifications relating to manufacturing euipment, tools and facilities：與制造設(shè)備、工具和裝置有關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)及其說明書 參考譯文：

“技術(shù)資料”系指列于附件1與制造和維修合同產(chǎn)品有關(guān)的工程、制造及原始資料，包括與制造設(shè)備、工具和裝置有關(guān)的圖紙、藍(lán)本、設(shè)計(jì)圖表、材料規(guī)格、照片、影印資料和一般資料、設(shè)計(jì)及其說明書等，但上述資料僅限于乙方擁有的資料和甲方用于本合同業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)的資料。

例4 If Party B demands to audit the accounts of Party A, Party B shall, within 10 days after receiving the written notice issued by Party A under Sub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract, notify Party A of the mater in question.The specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts are detailed in Appendix 4 hereto.注釋：

（1）audit the accounts of Party A：查核甲方的帳目（2）Sub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract：本合同第3.4款

（3）the specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts：其具體的查帳內(nèi)容和程序（4）Appendix 4 hereto：本合同附件4 hereto：to this Contract 參考譯文：

乙方如需查核甲方的帳目時(shí)，應(yīng)在接到甲方依上述本合同第3.4款規(guī)定開出的書面通知后10天之內(nèi)通知甲方，其具體的查帳內(nèi)容和程序詳見本合同附件4。

例5 The parties to this Agreement agree that either Party hereto shall, immediately and fully, notify the other Party hereto of any such matters comprising an improvement, modification, further invention or design as the Party in question may discover, make or develop with respect to manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof.The Party discovering, making or developing the subject matter in question may, at its own expense and its own name, file application for Letter Patent or take other necessary legal steps to protect the same, and any patent arising therefrom shall belong to the Party in question.The other Party may, during the effective period hereof, make use of, and sell products utilizing such improvement, modification, further invention or design(whether patented or un-patented)without charge and royalty fee in any manner consistent with this agreement.注釋：

（1）either Party hereto：本協(xié)議各方（不譯成“one Party hereto）。

（2）improvement, modification, further invention or design：改進(jìn)、修正、更新本發(fā)明或設(shè)計(jì)（3）discover, make or develop：開發(fā)

（4）manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof：生產(chǎn)及裝配許可證產(chǎn)品或部件（5）file application for Letter Patent：申請(qǐng)專利

（6）take other necessary legal steps to protect the same：其它必要的法律保護(hù)程序 the same: Letter Patent（7）any patent arising therefrom：由此產(chǎn)生的專利（8）consistent with this agreement：與本協(xié)議不相矛盾 參考譯文：

本協(xié)議各方同意，一方對(duì)于有關(guān)生產(chǎn)及裝配許可證產(chǎn)品或部件所做的改進(jìn)、修正、更新發(fā)明或設(shè)計(jì)均應(yīng)立即全部通知另一方。開發(fā)改進(jìn)的一方可以自負(fù)費(fèi)用并以自身名義申請(qǐng)專利或采取其它必要的法律保護(hù)程序，由此產(chǎn)生的專利將屬于該方所有。在本協(xié)議的有效期內(nèi)，另一方可以與本協(xié)議不相矛盾的方式無償使用和銷售利用改進(jìn)、修正、更新本發(fā)明或設(shè)計(jì)（無論其是否取得專利權(quán)）生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。