第一篇:改錯(cuò)120句
英漢表達(dá)障礙120句
1.這場(chǎng)考試讓我知道自己的英語有多差。The exam made me know how poor my English was.2.他們的日子過得紅紅火火。Their life is as happy as red fire.3.寧德地區(qū)第二醫(yī)院 The Second Hospital of Ningde District 4.他經(jīng)常花幾個(gè)小時(shí)在那家快樂酒吧喝酒聊天。He often spent hours drinking and chatting in the gay bar.5.我把那整本書看了一遍。I’ve read through the whole book.6.老張老愛發(fā)火。Lao Zhang always likes to lose temper.7.鹽在熱水中很容易溶化。Salt is easy to melt in hot water.8.他的行為跟他的職位不符。His behavior does not suit his position.9.我知道自己的英語還很不夠。I know my English is far from enough.10.我有健康,他有財(cái)富。I have a good health and he has great wealth.11.當(dāng)?shù)厝擞行┕至?xí)俗。The local people have strange habits.12.他們?yōu)槭程梅N菜。They plant vegetables for the canteen.13.周末沒有座位。There were no seats at the weekends.14.山區(qū)農(nóng)民希望學(xué)文化。Mountain villagers hope to learn culture.15.那個(gè)醉漢的講話很有趣。The drunken man’s words were very interesting.16.他家有三個(gè)病人。There are three patients in his family.17.我早上7點(diǎn)吃早餐。I had my breakfast at 7 a.m.18.我喜歡高雅藝術(shù)。I like noble art.19.他的鼻子很高。He has a high nose.20.李先生上個(gè)月生了一個(gè)男孩。Mr.Li bore a son last month.(Or: Mr.Li gave birth to a son last month.)21.這是一塊恐龍化石。This is a dinosaur fossil.22.我爸爸是個(gè)工人。My father is a worker.23.科爾頓結(jié)婚了,有三個(gè)孩子。Colton has married and he has three children now.24.有些年輕人喜歡留長(zhǎng)發(fā)。Some young people like to keep long hair.25.我喜歡喝濃茶和奶油咖啡。I prefer thick tea and coffee with butter.26.我經(jīng)常翻各種詞典。I often read various dictionaries.27.他正在發(fā)高燒。He is having a high fever.28.一只貓從大樹背后跳出來。A cat leapt out from the back of the tree.29.這個(gè)東西英語如何說?How do you call this in English? 30.先喝點(diǎn)蘑菇湯吧。Let’s drink some mushroom soup first.31.他們經(jīng)常在藍(lán)天下唱歌。They often sing in the blue heaven.32.他們有一個(gè)孩子,但卻有三座房子。They have a child but three houses.33.他們?cè)诔了肌hey are in deep thought.34.我22歲大學(xué)畢業(yè)。I graduated from university at 22 years old.35.這是約翰先生。This is Mr.John.36.她是個(gè)醋勁十足的女人。She is a woman full of vinegar.37.昨晚生日晚會(huì)上你穿生日禮服了嗎?Were you in your birthday suit at the birthday party last night? 38.我是福建師大畢業(yè)的。I am a graduate from Fujian Normal University.39.今年秋天我們的學(xué)院就要升格為大學(xué)了。This autumn our college will transform into a university.40.你知道考試結(jié)果了嗎?Do you know the result of the examination? 41.那時(shí),我沒地方可去。I had no place to go then.42.讓我們隨著樂曲跳舞吧。Let’s dance with the music.43.他是獨(dú)眼。He is one-eyed.44.吸煙對(duì)我們的健康有害。Smoking is bad to our health.45.我不怕冷。I’m not afraid of coldness.(Or: I don’t fear coldness.)
46.那座教堂的大門向所有人開放。The gate of that church is open to all the people.47.請(qǐng)大家坐好,上課了。Please sit well.Class begins.48.很抱歉就此止筆,再次謝謝您對(duì)我的鼓勵(lì)。I’m sorry to stop here.Thank you again for your encouragement.49.我以最便宜的價(jià)格買下房子。I bought the house at the cheapest price.50.他昨天有個(gè)好心情。He had a good mood yesterday.51.我聞了聞蛋糕,并沒有吃。I smelled the cake, but didn’t eat it.52.他自殺過兩次,但還活著。He committed suicide twice but is still alive.53.他經(jīng)常穿一件厚厚的棉衣。He often wears a thick padded coat.54.過去十年他一直住在這兒。He has been living here in the past 10 years.55.在中國(guó),《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》讀者最多。People’s Daily has the most readers in China.56.你姐姐上午全身都穿紅色的。Your sister was all over in the red this morning.57.太陽每天早晨從東方升起。The sun rises from the east every morning.58.他的錢比我多。His money is more than mine.59.陳老師,您說得對(duì)。Mr.Chen, what you say is right.60.這簡(jiǎn)直是兒戲。This is simply a child’s play.61.在董事會(huì)上他大發(fā)雷霆。On the board of directors, he broke into a furious rage.62.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)房間更大、更明亮。This room is bigger and lighter than that one.63.他的話令人發(fā)指。His words made my hair stand on end.64.你的英語水平比我高。Your English level is higher than mine.65.他昨天成為了一名正式黨員。He became a formal member of the CPC yesterday.66.她正在照鏡子。She is looking at the mirror.67.他拼命敲門。He knocked the door violently.68.我被要求為來訪者開一次公開課。I was asked to conduct an opening lesson for the visitors.69.她是計(jì)算機(jī)系的老師。She is a teacher of Department of Computer.70.我的職業(yè)是律師。My profession is a lawyer.71.薩達(dá)姆以鐵腕統(tǒng)治他的國(guó)家。Saddam Hussein used to rule his country with an iron wrist.72.讓我們?yōu)榘N牡慕】蹈杀?。Let’s drink for Evan’s health.73.他經(jīng)常拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。He always tears down the east wall to repair the west wall.74.我的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況正在改善。My economic situation is changing for the better.75.城鄉(xiāng)人民的生活水平繼續(xù)提高。Living standards for the people in both urban and rural areas continued to rise.76.他是個(gè)所謂的“醫(yī)生”。He is a so-called “doctor”.77.這臺(tái)先進(jìn)設(shè)備系從國(guó)外進(jìn)口。This sophisticated equipment is imported from abroad.78.小林想報(bào)名參加比賽。Xiao Lin wanted to sign her name for the contest.79.他斷然拒絕接受我的提議。He rejected to accept my proposal flatly.80.他開槍打死妻子,然后飲彈自盡。He shot his wife to death and then shot to kill himself.81.我將期待著您給我的節(jié)日問候。I will look forward to the holiday greetings from you.82.劉先生從事研究工作。Mr.Liu is engaged in research work.83.因故停用。Stop Using because of some reason.84.現(xiàn)在是幾點(diǎn)?What time is it now? 85.這種鋼材價(jià)錢相對(duì)更便宜些。This kind of steel is relatively cheaper.86.我晚上常常很晚睡覺。I always sleep late at night.87.護(hù)士量了我的體溫。The nurse measured my temperature.88.請(qǐng)勿亂扔果皮紙屑。Please don’t throw peels and scraps of paper.89.要擴(kuò)大詞匯量,就應(yīng)該多讀多記。To enlarge our vocabulary, we must read more and remember more.90.他去年成的家。He started a family last year.91.那是從收音機(jī)里聽到的。That was heard from the radio.92.你身上帶錢了嗎?Do you carry any money with you? 93.我們?cè)跇涫a下乘涼。We relaxed under the shadow of a tree.94.我將考考你的判斷力。I’ll examine your judgment.95.我們是否能夠?qū)懗鲆徊啃≌f呢?Whether can we write a novel? 96.從年初以來,我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。Our economy has increased steadily since the beginning of the year.97.他腳底朝天跌下樓梯。He dropped headlong down the flight of stairs.98.我能感受得到深山中的寧靜。I can feel the calmness of the remote mountains.99.希望您能介紹一下您的語言教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。I hope you’ll introduce your experience in language teaching.100.你是什么時(shí)候認(rèn)識(shí)吳教授的?When did you know Professor Wu? 101.他的文化水平有限。His cultural level is quite limited.102.這座橋的質(zhì)量不好。The quality of this bridge is poor.103.你知道老劉每個(gè)月有多少黑色收入嗎?Do you know how large black income Lao Liu receives each month? 104.你被清華大學(xué)錄取真幸運(yùn)。It’s lucky of you to be admitted to Qinghua University.105.我看到一個(gè)溺水女子在水中掙扎。I saw a drowned woman struggling in the water.106.教師休息室 Teachers’ Restroom 107.近來,我的胃經(jīng)常有問題。Recently I often had problems with my stomach.108.克林頓先生為那些椰子產(chǎn)品做廣告。Mr.Clinton advertised for the coconut products.109.我怒不可遏,打了他一記耳光。I could not contain myself for anger and slapped his ear.110.南海石油蘊(yùn)藏豐富。The South China Sea has rich oil.111.寒冷的氣候影響了莊稼。Cold weather influenced the crops.112.我贊同口頭表決。I’m for an oral vote.113.夜晚變得越來越短。The night gets shorter and shorter.114.無論如何,我們必須為人民謀利益。At any event, we must work for the interests of the people.115.他久病的母親已經(jīng)恢復(fù)健康。His long-sick mother has been healthy.116.在彼得的自傳中,他寫到他在非洲的冒險(xiǎn)。In Peter’s autobiography, he wrote of his adventures in Africa.117.當(dāng)心觸電!Be careful of power!118.兩國(guó)的關(guān)系時(shí)好時(shí)壞。The relationship between the two countries is sometimes good, sometimes bad.119.他的兩個(gè)兒子可謂天壤之別:一個(gè)是龍,一個(gè)是蟲。
There’s a world of difference between his two sons: one is like a dragon, while the other a worm.120.聽著,彼得,字典上是這么說的。Look here, Peter.It is said by the dictionary.
第二篇:改錯(cuò)口訣
為了提高做短文改錯(cuò)題的能力,除了要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外,還應(yīng)該對(duì)其錯(cuò)項(xiàng)設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解,以便做到目標(biāo)明確,有的放矢,從而提高解題的正確率。本文擬從語法和邏輯的角度,用口訣的形式,向同學(xué)們介紹高考英語短文改錯(cuò)中最常見的幾類錯(cuò)誤。
短文改錯(cuò)口訣:
動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù);
注意形和副;
非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別;
習(xí)慣用法要記?。?/p>
句子成分多分析;
邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。
一、動(dòng)詞形
主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如:
My favourite sport is football.I was member of our school football team.(is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.(are)
上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間,保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。
二、名詞數(shù)
指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如:
?so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(subjects)
三、區(qū)分形和副
及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的??键c(diǎn)。例如:
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子。
四、非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別
這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤,也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如:
?in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.(interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also ?(playing)
My parents love me? and will do all they can ∧ make sure?(to)
上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,而過去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來時(shí)態(tài)的含義。
五、習(xí)慣用法要記住
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的??键c(diǎn),其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如:
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and?(of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves.(of)
六、句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對(duì)句
子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如:
They ∧eager to know everything about China and?(were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.(which)
第一例漏掉了謂語動(dòng)詞were,這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副詞,不能作主語。
七、邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤,常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself.(去掉more)
? no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead.(everyone)
上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端,“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用 everyone。
除了上述錯(cuò)誤類型外,常考的錯(cuò)誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯(cuò)誤),以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)
下面是2002年全國(guó)高考試題中的短文改錯(cuò)題。這道題較全面地反映了本文的口訣。現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你試著做一做,然后參閱題后的答案與簡(jiǎn)析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,it’s famous 76._____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.The weather 77._____
Was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78._____
the mountain,the three of them were very excited.As we 79._____
climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80._____
and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly.82._____
Evening came down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83._____
of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._____
good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85._____
head touched the pillow.答案與簡(jiǎn)析:
76.famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))
77.正確
78.we前面加when,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。(句子成分多分析)
79.them→us(邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注)
80.visiting→visited(非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別)
81.picture→pictures(名詞數(shù))
82.passes→passed(動(dòng)詞形)
83.去掉down(習(xí)慣用法要記?。?/p>
84.and→but(but,and,or和so)
85.去掉at(句子成分多分析 /習(xí)慣用法要記?。?/p>
改錯(cuò)要想拿高分
語法口訣要記牢
(一)見到謂語找主語,主謂一致找狀語
見到名詞想多數(shù),可不可數(shù)要記牢
見到平行看結(jié)構(gòu),形式功能要對(duì)稱
見到代詞找指代,指代通常不合理
帶賓語必帶to,不帶賓語不帶 to
小小of常抓的點(diǎn),of前名詞adj最高級(jí)
比較級(jí)不修飾比較級(jí),最高級(jí)不修飾最高級(jí)
(二)謂與非謂經(jīng)?;?/p>
謂語句中就一個(gè)
其余動(dòng)詞非謂語
常見形式有三種
v-ing ,v-ed和to do
主謂通常v-ing
動(dòng)賓通常v-ed
現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)
過去分詞表被動(dòng)
目的要用不定式
by前有過去分詞相擁
by后有動(dòng)名詞后抱
介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞
時(shí)態(tài)基點(diǎn)要搞清
現(xiàn)在還是過去時(shí)
第三篇:短文改錯(cuò)
短文改錯(cuò)
高考英語短文改錯(cuò)題要求考生判斷一篇短文中十行(自1995年以來)文字是否有錯(cuò),如果有錯(cuò)誤就將其改正。
此題型旨在測(cè)試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷并改正短文中錯(cuò)誤的能力,以及考查考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞法、句法、行文邏輯等的綜合能力。
本題型側(cè)重考查考生的詞匯和語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),但并不是單純的知識(shí)檢測(cè),而是考查考生在閱讀的過程中運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)解決實(shí)際問題的能力。
縱觀近幾年高考短文改錯(cuò),不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其設(shè)題方式比較固定:正確為1個(gè),多詞或缺詞共計(jì)3個(gè),錯(cuò)詞為6個(gè),其比例為1:3:6。
下面引用近幾年的高考題來分析一下此題的三種錯(cuò)誤類型:多詞、缺詞和錯(cuò)詞。
一、多詞
1.多冠詞
(l)Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacherin the crowd.【解析lsight是不可數(shù)名詞,且catch sight of是固定搭配,意為“看見”。
(2)For e】cample, when l was a child, the rain was amystery.【解析】,am為不可數(shù)名詞,泛指時(shí)前面不用冠詞。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞。
Modern people know more about the health, havebetter food,and?
(2)與by連用的交通工具及air,land,sea等名詞前不用冠詞。
by bike騎自行車,by sea由海路,乘船
(3)有些名詞(如school,class,hospital,church,prison,bed,table,town等)與相應(yīng)介詞連用,表示進(jìn)行和這些詞直接相關(guān)的活動(dòng)時(shí),前不用冠詞。
___ _去上學(xué),_______坐牢,_______在吃飯
(4)球類運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類游戲前,不用冠詞。
___ _打籃球,_______下棋
(5)mo。t副詞作“非常”解時(shí),前面不用定冠詞the。
She is most pretty.她非常漂亮。
(6)?;騮hough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),前置的單數(shù)名詞前不用任何冠詞。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.雖然他只是孩子,知道的卻很多。
2.多介詞
(l)ln fact,they are planning to visit China in next yeaL
(2)We practice for three times every week..(3)So l'm really sorry that l won't be able to come inthis time.【解析】以上三例都是作時(shí)間狀語的名詞短語前多了介詞。
(4)?but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.【解析】talk about意為“談到??”,是及物動(dòng)詞短語,后須接介詞賓語,但根據(jù)本句語境,此處不必接賓語,故去掉about。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)last night, next week, this year, one day,threetimes等名詞詞組直接充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語,前面不用介詞。
(2)有些動(dòng)詞在漢語中是不及物動(dòng)詞,在英語中卻是及物動(dòng)詞,由于受漢語影響,可能多一個(gè)介詞。
serve for the people, follow after the teacher, marrywith her,make him as our monitor,play with Tom in amatch(畫線介詞多余)
(3)有些表示地點(diǎn)的副詞,其意義中已包含to,如果再加to,則多余。
on one's way to there, return to home, go to upstairs(畫線介詞均多余)
(4)有些副詞或介詞詞組后加另一個(gè)介詞,構(gòu)成復(fù)合介詞,若后面沒有介詞賓語,介詞則多余。同樣,有些動(dòng)詞短語是“動(dòng)詞十介詞”結(jié)構(gòu),若后面沒有介詞賓語,介詞則多余。
①If you won’t go,I'll go instead of.(畫線介詞多余)
②She listened to but heard nothing(畫線介詞多余)
(5)有些動(dòng)詞或形容詞后接名詞或代詞時(shí),須加一個(gè)介詞,但接從句時(shí),必須去掉介詞。
①l never knew about a ride down a river could be soexciting.(畫線介詞多余)
②I am sorry for that he won't come(畫線介詞多余)
3.詞義重疊
(1)Whenever I see them l will often think of myEnglish teacher.【解析】在whenever l see them這一時(shí)間狀語從句后再用often顯得重復(fù),應(yīng)去掉。
(2)1'11 spend all the whole weekend reading andpreparing for it.【解析】the whole weekend意為“整個(gè)周末”,再加上all,詞義重疊。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)有些詞受漢語影響,多一副詞或介詞,造成詞義重疊。
return back回來,repeat again重復(fù),flee away逃走,enter into進(jìn)入,blue color藍(lán)色,stop down停下來,raiseup舉起來,unpack open打開
(2)定語從句中的一個(gè)名詞,已由關(guān)系代詞取代,再用其替代詞是多余的。
I do remember you having apologized to the old lady Imet her last week
(3)單音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞比較等級(jí)加-er.-est,多音節(jié)加more、most,但二者不能同時(shí)重疊使用。
As a result, people in the modern world generally livemuch more longer than people in the past.4.出現(xiàn)冗言現(xiàn)象
(l)Today l visited the Smiths-my first time visit toan American family.【解析】本句中的first修飾visit,visit此處為名詞,意為“我的第一次訪問”,time多余。
(2)Now I can't watch much television,but?【解析】根據(jù)上下文,此處應(yīng)是“我根本不能看電視”,因此受漢語影響,多了much,造成冗言。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)狀語從句與主句之間多一并列連詞。
①Though he tried his best, but he failed.②The more he has, and the more he wants.(2)充當(dāng)狀語的介詞短語與主句之間多一關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。
①In the last five years that they have climbed churches一②?in other places where you are limited to a certainnumber...(3)充當(dāng)狀語的分詞與主句之間多一并列連詞。
Sitting down,and he began to work.(4)從屬連詞后多一個(gè)that。
She was absent from the meeting because that she was ilL(5)復(fù)合賓語前多一個(gè)that。
I found that her lying on the ground.5.固定搭配中多詞
(1)I was used to watch it every night.【解析】此處屬于used to do與be used to兩個(gè)固定搭配的誤用,應(yīng)去掉was,取“過去常?!敝?。
(2)?in any other words,Iam only a child.【解析lin other words為固定搭配,意為“換句話說”,而any other意為“任何別的??”,與本文上下文不符。
6.行文邏輯上多詞First, let me tell you something more about myself.【解析】由first可知是剛開始向別人講述自己的故事,故只能說something,而不能加more。
二、缺詞
1.名詞前缺限定詞
(1)Each player must obey^captain, who is theleader of the team.the【解析】此處應(yīng)加上the,特指“球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)”。
(2)The day before the speech contest^Englishteacher talked to me.my【解析】根據(jù)上下文分析,此處English teacher是有所指的,指的是“我的”英語老師,故加上my,表達(dá)一個(gè)更確切的概念。
(3)I'1I take this chance to wish you^ wonderful timeon your birthday.a【解析lwish sb.awonderful time為固定搭配,意為“祝某人玩得愉快”。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)在“so+形容詞十可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞前不能缺a或an。
This is so good a book that we will buy it.=This is such a good book that we will buy it.(2)little,few表示肯定時(shí),前面不能缺a,意為“一些”。
如a little water,但是“每隔幾分鐘”應(yīng)說成every fewminutesa
(3)有些不可數(shù)名詞(如metal, beauty, iron, tea,coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure等),表示“一種”“一個(gè)“一份”時(shí),應(yīng)加上a或an。
Work is a pleasure to me.(4)“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示一家人時(shí),the不能省。
The Browns like to go skating.(5)表示“兩者之中比較??的一個(gè)”時(shí),比較級(jí)前應(yīng)加the。
He is the taller of the two boys.(6)在句中可數(shù)名詞不可單獨(dú)使用,前面應(yīng)有限定詞,如his,that,Tom's,the,a等。
When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook^head.his2.缺動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to(1)I'd like very much^come but I have anexamination on Monday morning.to【解析】like后面不能直接加動(dòng)詞,需加to,構(gòu)成固定搭配“would like to do”,意為“想做??”。
(2)一.and will do all they can^ make sure that l geta good education to【解析】不定式作目的狀語,不定式符號(hào)to不可省。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)不定式作后置定語,不定式符號(hào)to不能省。
But then there are always more mysteriesAlook into:_____to
(2)-般說來,兩個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞不能并列使用,中間常用to連接。
①7Ihe World Health()rganization and other organizationsare workingAimprove health all over the world_____to
②i had always wantedA retum to the village _____to
(3)feel, hear, let, make,have, see, notice, watch,ob。rv。等動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),充當(dāng)主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不能省去to。
Little Tom was made to do heavy work
(4)為了避免重復(fù)前面的動(dòng)詞,后面的不定式常常省略,但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。
We wanted to go to the lecture, but we weren't able to
3.缺系動(dòng)詞
(l)neyA eager to Imow everything about China:.'were【解析】eager為形容詞,必須加系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)What^ your favourite sport?IS【解析】本句缺謂語動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)加is。
(3)I'd like to^ your pen-friend, and.be/become【解析】本句考查I'd like to do結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)上下文,必須加上系動(dòng)詞。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)由于受漢語語法規(guī)則的影響,有些形容詞作表語時(shí),常常缺少系動(dòng)詞。
She is afraid of her boss.(2)在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,由于缺少助動(dòng)詞,變成了主動(dòng)語態(tài),造成錯(cuò)誤。
?and let you know when the book you want has^returned and is ready for you to pick up.been4.缺介詞(l)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminstead^ ourselves._____ of【解析linstead of為固定短語,意為“而非,而不是”,后接賓語。
(2)?but the others spent a lotA time arguing_____of【解析la lot of是固定習(xí)語,意為“許多,大量”,后加賓語。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
改錯(cuò)題對(duì)介詞的考查,重點(diǎn)是一些固定搭配,再如:
WhenI have free timeI go^along walk..for,因此,同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)牢記一些固定搭配。
5.缺連詞In one class,l learned^ it rained.why【解析】本句因缺連詞而造成句子成分殘缺,只有加上why,句子的意義才完整。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)在漢語中,分句與分句之間往往不用連詞,但在英語中卻不行。
It began to rain,^ they had to stop working.and
(2)受母語影響,幾個(gè)同類詞并列連用時(shí),它們之間往往缺一連詞。
CDi told Mother, Father, Sister,^ all my friends herewhat a great time I had.and②He looked inside but saw nothing.(3)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句置于句首時(shí),that常常不能省。
That light travels in straight line is known to all.(4)引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that,when等常不可省。
(DThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patientwas suffering from cancer.②i have no idea when he will return(5)在even if,even though,as if'as though等短語中,第二個(gè)連詞不能少。
He walks as if/though he were drunk
三、錯(cuò)詞
1.可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)誤用
(l)They were eager to know everything about Chinaand asked me lots of question
(2)We study quite a few subject, such as maths,Chinese, English and physics.(3)We practise three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.(4)She said that she and my schoolmate' all.wishedme success,.(5)?so that l'11 get good marks in all my subject.___
(6)?and many happy return of the day_____
(7)I used to love science class-all of them-biology,chemistry, geography, physics.【知識(shí)拓寬】
對(duì)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的考查是高考的熱點(diǎn)之一,幾乎每年考查一處。因此,為了對(duì)名詞錯(cuò)誤判斷準(zhǔn)確,應(yīng)該:
(1)弄清名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。
We stopped to rest for a while and to drink somewaters from a stream water
(2)掌握好可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則。
There are branch library in many villages libraries
(3)要熟練運(yùn)用名詞的所有格。
2.時(shí)態(tài)誤用
(l)We havea good tinte talking and laughing together.had
(2)I learn about you from my English teacher, MissFang.learned
(3)I was a member of our school football team am
(4)I arn happy with any programme but the othersspent a lot of time...was
(5)I remembered her words and calm down calmed
(6)They did not want me to do any w,ork at home do【知識(shí)拓寬】
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是短文改錯(cuò)考查的熱點(diǎn)之一,一般說來每年考查一處,而且近幾年高考主要考查現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過去時(shí)的使用,再如:I had an examination on Monday moming.have
3.非謂語動(dòng)詞誤用
(l)It was very kind of them to meet me.at the railwaystation and drove meto their home drive
(2)I look forward to hear from you soon hearing
(3)Play football not only makes us grow up...Playing
(4)I was often alittle tired after a day's work andwatch TV demands very little effort.watching【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)由以上考例可見,v.-mg形式作主語、賓語或狀語是考查的熱點(diǎn)。
CDi'ii spend the whole weekend reading and preparefor it.preparing②After learn the basics of the subject, nothing elseseemed very practical to me.learning
(2)過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別是另一考查熱點(diǎn)。此時(shí)重點(diǎn)要看分詞與主語或邏輯主語的關(guān)系。
①After an hour or so, we began to feel veryfrightening.frightened②?but now l am interesting in football.interested(3)被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的過去分詞誤用成動(dòng)詞原形。
Books may be keep for four weeks.kept(4)掌握好動(dòng)詞不定式帶to與不帶to的差異。
(5)有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式,有些動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞,應(yīng)分別牢記這些動(dòng)詞。
4.主謂不一致
(1)Playing football not only makes us grow up talland strong but alsoglve us a sense of fair play and teamspirit.gives
(2)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in thelibrary.are【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一般取決于前面主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing toborrow them.costs
(2)not only;一but also, neither.—nor.一,either.or..-等并列連詞連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)采取就近一致原則。
(3)There be結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)采取就近一致原則。
But then there is always more mysteries to look into.are
(4)注意把集合名詞(如family,class,team等)和不定代詞(如all,none等)放在具體語境中,判斷其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
5.代詞不一致
(l)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their
(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant to win the game.we(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybody【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)根據(jù)上下文判斷,出現(xiàn)了代詞不一致。
①1 felt that it helped me understand how the worldworks.they②They have been to Europe many timesWe
(2)傾向于考查學(xué)生對(duì)不定代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞以及代詞的主格與賓格等諸方面知識(shí)的掌握與運(yùn)用能力。
And I can’t forget the good food you cooked forl me
(3)人稱代詞性別上的誤用也是常見的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。
6.連詞誤用
(l)~esaid that she and my schoolmates all wished mesuccass,but it didn’t matter thatI would win or notwhether【解析】it為形式主語,whether l would win or not是真正的主語,意為“我是否能贏”。
(2)lt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor andaguest.or【解析】句意為:看起來我的父母親把我當(dāng)成了“visitor”或“guest”。二者為選擇關(guān)系而非并列關(guān)系,故將and改為or。
(3)It is a very important exam butI can't afford tofail it.and/so【解析】此處應(yīng)是并列或因果關(guān)系,而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)正確掌握各連詞的含義及其在從句中的應(yīng)用。
①?because I felt that they helped me understandwhat the world works.how②Most people can quickly get help from a doctor orgo to a hospital sir ce they areill when/if
(2)熟練應(yīng)用表示并列、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系的連詞:and, or, but, so, therefore, however等.①She was smiling but nodding at me.and②Therefore, there are still some countries wherepeople have shorter lives.However
(3)弄清whether和if的含義及用法區(qū)別。
?and whether you pay the cost of sending apostcard,the librarian will write to you.if
7.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞誤用
I live inBeijing,where is the capital of China.which【解析】此處是非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系代詞which作主語。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
(1)正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞之間的區(qū)別,尤其是that和which的區(qū)別。
?in other places you are limited to.a certainnumber, of that some may be novels.which
(2)正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別,并掌握它們的用法。
However,there are still some countries there peoplehave shorter lives.where
8.詞性誤用
(1)Also the sport teaches us the important ofobedience.importance【解析】本句應(yīng)該用名詞importance作動(dòng)詞teach的直接賓語。
(2)Unfortunate, there are too many people in myfamily.Unfortunately【解析】此處應(yīng)該用副詞unfortunately作狀語,意為“不幸的是”。
(3)After learning the basics of the subject,nothingelse seemed very practically to me.practical【解析】。eem為系動(dòng)詞,后面應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
詞性誤用指的是動(dòng)詞與名詞混淆,副詞與形容詞混淆等。這就要求我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中重視詞性及各類詞在句中的基本功能。再如:
I'm sure we'IIhave 8 wonderfully time together.wonderful
9.限定詞誤用
(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to aAmerican family.an【解析】American為元音音素開頭的單詞,故應(yīng)用部定冠詞 an
(2)wemay be one family and live under a sameroof,?the【解析】same意為“同樣的”,前面應(yīng)加定冠詞the。
10.近義詞混用They did not want me to do any work at family......home【解析】family側(cè)重指“家庭這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)或家里的人。,而home則側(cè)重指“家庭的所在地”。因此,“在家里”應(yīng)用athome。
【知識(shí)拓寬】
在英語中,有許多同義詞、近義詞和反義詞,在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)抓好基礎(chǔ),牢記每一個(gè)詞的基本含義。再如:.Uncle Ben will alsogo back for Christmas.come總之,平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的積累,熟練掌握高考詞匯、基本詞法、句法,同時(shí)還應(yīng)加強(qiáng)閱讀能力的訓(xùn)練。因?yàn)椋^快的閱讀速度、較好的語感和牢固的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是做好短文改錯(cuò)的重要前提。平時(shí)訓(xùn)練短文改錯(cuò)時(shí),不應(yīng)只是為了做題而做題,而應(yīng)善于總結(jié)、摸索答題的規(guī)律。
參考答案
一、1.(3)go to school;in prison;at table(4)play basketball;play chess
三、1.(1)question-*questions(2)subject—subjects(3)match-*matches(4)schoolmate—+ schoolmates(5)subject-+ subjects(6)return—.retums(7)class-classes
第四篇:經(jīng)典短文改錯(cuò)
動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù)。還要注意形和副,物ing,修人用ed。遇連詞,必停住,多詞少詞須關(guān)注,介詞冠詞占多數(shù),固定搭配非謂語,反身代時(shí)主賓同。短文改錯(cuò)錯(cuò)不錯(cuò),每句至少改一個(gè)。
1.The day is my dad’s birthday.This afternoon I went to the shopping center downtown, and hesitated for 猶豫(v)a moment,and then offered my seat to her.The old lady thanked me a lot and sat [be] ready to help others in the future.2.Two years ,I travelled to BT and Ia car.Unfortunate[~ly],I had an accident and hit another car,and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two Iaway,and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.Therefore,I told them stories and how I was enjoying BT.As a result,nobody knew[the] truth.I still think that it was the righ thing to do.3.The world is not only hungry,but also 渴的(adj).this may strange,since nearly 70 % of the earth’s surface is covered with water.Man and most of the animals can only drink and use the 10% of the water---fresh water.The need for water is day by day.Only when steps are taken to deal with this problem immediate [~ly],can we avoid a serve worldwide water shortage短缺(n)later on.One of the first [is]to develop ways to reuse to a water purifying it can be separated from waste matters and treated with 4.[2012唐山is a sick friend,or attend a wedding or[a] birthday party.I still remember one day last year when Tom,a disabled some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude.He life to his mother’s patient was finally admitted to a key university.’hurt.With tears in her eyes,she could do nothing butfor help.Zhang li ran “take it easy”he said.Then he sent her to a nearby hospital.That[it] was not long before the girl’6.Mr.smith had an 8-year-old son named tony,who enjoyed listening to music very much.So he a [for]Tony,hoping that he could become [a] famous pianist one day.The little boy into the piano day after day and seemd to enjoy if you don’tAttend v.出席,到場(chǎng),參加bleed n.血 v.流血handkerchief n.手絹,紗布,絲綢confidence n.自信,信心
第五篇:應(yīng)用文改錯(cuò)
1、題目:指出下面一則通知在格式和內(nèi)容上的五處錯(cuò)、漏。全校共青團(tuán)員
經(jīng)研究,定于五月二日下午五時(shí)召開團(tuán)員大會(huì),布置召開“五四”青年節(jié)紀(jì)念會(huì)的有關(guān)工作。希大家按時(shí)參加。
五月一日
升平中學(xué)團(tuán)總支 五處錯(cuò)、漏依次是:
2、題目:下面通知的格式有錯(cuò)誤。請(qǐng)判斷“通知”之后所列修改意見的正誤。各班班委會(huì):
經(jīng)研究,現(xiàn)把建設(shè)無蠅校第二階段的工作布置如下:
(一)每星期六下午舉行全校掃除,徹底清除蒼蠅孳生地。
(二)各班定期在衛(wèi)生責(zé)任區(qū)噴灑滅蠅藥物。
(三)本月28日下午,在小禮堂舉辦學(xué)生自制誘殺蒼蠅器具展覽。
希望各班積極組織同學(xué)參加以上活動(dòng)。我們要從身邊的事做起,為把首都建設(shè)成無蠅城,為北京爭(zhēng)辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)作貢獻(xiàn)。
2002年5月21日
春暉中學(xué)學(xué)生會(huì)
修改意見:
(1)第一行頂格寫“通知”或“關(guān)于布置建設(shè)無蠅校工作的通知”。()(2)第一行中間寫“通知”或“關(guān)于布置建設(shè)無蠅校工作的通知”。()(3)“各班班委會(huì)”應(yīng)頂格寫。()(4)文中的(一)
(二)(三)均應(yīng)頂格寫。()(5)發(fā)通知時(shí)間應(yīng)定在發(fā)出單位的下一行。()(6)發(fā)出單位和發(fā)通知時(shí)間應(yīng)寫在同一行。()
3、題目:下面請(qǐng)假條有五處錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)參照各行的“修改提示”用修改符號(hào)在原文上修改。
請(qǐng)假條
張老師。①
我昨天下午背著書包回家后②,晚上突然發(fā)高燒③,今天不能到校上課。特請(qǐng)假一天,請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)。此至④ 敬禮
02年6月17日⑤
學(xué)生范志偉
4、題目:下邊是張貼在校內(nèi)的“招領(lǐng)啟事”,有六處錯(cuò)誤。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀并按照文的要求答題。
招領(lǐng)啟事
昨天中午,本人在從教室到校禮堂的路上拾到一串鑰匙。這串鑰匙有五個(gè)是鋁制的,兩個(gè)是銅制的。拴鑰匙的鏈上還掛著一只紅色的塑料小熊貓。
望失主速來認(rèn)領(lǐng)。
章小春
填空題:
(1)本啟事的書寫格式有兩處錯(cuò)誤:①是________;②是________。(2)啟事的內(nèi)容中有關(guān)物件的_________、__________不應(yīng)交待得這樣具體明確。
(3)啟事的內(nèi)容中有關(guān)聯(lián)認(rèn)領(lǐng)的______、______等還沒有交待清楚。
5、題目:修改應(yīng)用文,回答文的問題。
尋物啟示
本人是供銷社會(huì)會(huì)計(jì),于5月15日騎車經(jīng)過農(nóng)科大學(xué)教援樓附近時(shí),不小心丟失皮包一只,有拾到者請(qǐng)交給本人,我愿意負(fù)出重金表示感謝。此致
敬禮
江南供銷社全體職工
5月16日(1)它在格式上有兩個(gè)毛?。孩賍_______②________(2)它在內(nèi)容上有兩個(gè)問題:①______②_______(3)文中有三個(gè)錯(cuò)別字,在原文中圈出更正。
6、題目:下面是一則“征稿啟事”,其中有六處錯(cuò)誤,按要求分別指出。
征稿啟事 因?yàn)閹椭瑢W(xué)們更好地學(xué)習(xí)語文,本部準(zhǔn)備出版《語文學(xué)習(xí)園地》???。①歡迎同學(xué)們踴躍投稿。②稿件內(nèi)容按本部要求寫。③文體不限,每篇最好不超過1000字。④希望在本月24日以前投入本校征稿箱。⑤
此致 敬禮!
一九九四年五月二日
前進(jìn)中學(xué)《語文學(xué)習(xí)園地》編輯部(1)書寫格式的四處錯(cuò)誤是: ① ② ③ ④
(2)關(guān)聯(lián)詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng)?shù)氖堑赺____句(3)內(nèi)容交待不清的是第______句。
7、題目:下列一則“征稿啟事”有多處毛病,請(qǐng)按要求改在各題下面橫線上。
征稿啟事
我們學(xué)校有的同學(xué)語文學(xué)習(xí)不得法,成績(jī)老提請(qǐng)不高,大家很焦急,建議本刊出一期語文學(xué)習(xí)???。請(qǐng)語文學(xué)習(xí)好的同學(xué)介紹語文學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)體會(huì),學(xué)習(xí)語文的好方法。我們采納他們的意見,準(zhǔn)備出一期語文學(xué)習(xí)???。內(nèi)容按語文??囊蟆W?jǐn)?shù)不超過1000字左右。歡迎同學(xué)踴躍投稿。來稿請(qǐng)?jiān)诒驹碌浊巴对诒究陡逑淅?,或交班?jí)通訊員。
光明中學(xué)《芳草地》編輯部(1)指出“征稿啟事”格式兩處錯(cuò)誤,并改在下面: ①
②
(2)啟事要簡(jiǎn)明。這則啟事的“征稿目的”,寫得太羅嗦,請(qǐng)用一兩句話把它表達(dá)清楚。
(3)文中劃線句子有毛病,請(qǐng)改正在下面:
(4)“內(nèi)容按語文??囊蟆边@句話寫得不明確,請(qǐng)用一句話把它寫具體:
首行居中缺“通知”
2、通知對(duì)象未頂格寫
3、通知對(duì)象后未加冒號(hào)4未寫明開會(huì)地點(diǎn)
5、通知單位和時(shí)間的位置顛倒。
2、×— — × — × 3、1用換用號(hào) 2用刪除號(hào) 3用增補(bǔ)號(hào) 4用換用號(hào) 5用調(diào)位號(hào) 請(qǐng)假條
張老師:
我昨天晚上突然發(fā)高燒須去醫(yī)院治療,今天不能到校上課。特請(qǐng)假一天,請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)。此致
敬禮
學(xué)生范志偉
02年6月17日 4、1、“招領(lǐng)啟事”未居中寫,2落款未署時(shí)間表3特征,數(shù)量4時(shí)間地點(diǎn) 5、1標(biāo)題應(yīng)居中寫
2應(yīng)刪此致敬禮
3未寫明皮包特征和所裝何物
4全體職工應(yīng)改為失物者姓名
示改事
援改授
負(fù)改付 6、1“征稿啟事”未居中寫
2正文首句未空兩字
3此致敬禮多余
4落款單位和時(shí)間順序顛倒
5因?yàn)楫?dāng)改為了7、1標(biāo)題未居中寫
2末尾未署名時(shí)間
3為推廣語文尖子學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn),幫助同學(xué)們掌握學(xué)法,應(yīng)讀者要求,準(zhǔn)備了出一期語文學(xué)習(xí)???。3刪左右。4內(nèi)容宜具體明確,條理清晰,最好就某一點(diǎn)談深刻些,使讀者可仿效、可操作。
中國(guó)人民銀行X X市分行
關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)總行《儲(chǔ)蓄工作座談會(huì)議紀(jì)要》的通知
X銀發(fā)[2009]X號(hào)
現(xiàn)將總行的《儲(chǔ)蓄工作座談會(huì)議紀(jì)要》轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給你們,請(qǐng)立即組織研究,展開討論,并根據(jù)《紀(jì)要》精神,認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行。當(dāng)前,首先要抓好第一季度的工作,以便為全年工作打下基礎(chǔ)。
中國(guó)人民銀行X X市分行
二OO九年七月二十四日
【參考答案】
1.缺主送機(jī)關(guān)。
2.正文寫作存在問題。一般來說,轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)性通知只能有一個(gè)目的,或?yàn)閳?zhí)行,或?yàn)橛懻?,或?yàn)閰⒖迹卟荒芗娴?,更不能三者兼得。上面這則通知一方面讓人家“研究討論”,一方面又讓人家“貫徹執(zhí)行”,這二者是不可兼得的。因?yàn)椤把芯坑懻摗币馕吨D(zhuǎn)發(fā)對(duì)象尚不成熟,還沒有達(dá)到“執(zhí)行”的程度;而“貫徹執(zhí)行”卻意味著轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)對(duì)象已經(jīng)成熟,已經(jīng)沒有“研究討論”的必要了。作者在這里顯然犯了自相矛盾的錯(cuò)誤,違背了形式邏輯中的不矛盾律。這是轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)性通知中的一種多發(fā)病和常見病。
3.落款處的單位名稱應(yīng)去掉。4.缺附件
中國(guó)人民銀行X X市分行
關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)總行《儲(chǔ)蓄工作座談會(huì)議紀(jì)要》的通知
X銀發(fā)[2009]X號(hào)
各分理處:
現(xiàn)將總行的《儲(chǔ)蓄工作座談會(huì)議紀(jì)要》轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給你們,請(qǐng)立即認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行。當(dāng)前,首先要抓好第一季度的工作,以便為全年工作打下基礎(chǔ)。
附件:《中國(guó)人民銀行儲(chǔ)蓄工作座談會(huì)議紀(jì)要》
二OO九年七月二十四日
1、單項(xiàng)選擇題
選擇題從形式上看,均包括題干和備選答案兩部分,單項(xiàng)選擇題是在四個(gè)備選答案中選擇一個(gè)正確答案。單項(xiàng)選擇題的備選答案,均具備似真性,容易引我們進(jìn)入“陷阱”,這類題型所涉及的內(nèi)容比較寬泛,從概念理解、格式把握、文種分類到語言的表達(dá)、文種的應(yīng)用范圍等無所不包,這種題型,主要考查學(xué)生的識(shí)記和理解能力。如:“以報(bào)刊編輯部的名義發(fā)的具有指導(dǎo)意義和傾向性的言論”的文章是:①短評(píng) ②短論 ③社論 ④評(píng)論員文章(答案④),這里考的是概念;下列屬于法規(guī)類規(guī)范性文體的是:①規(guī)定 規(guī)則 ②章程 規(guī)定 ③公約 公告 ④辦法 細(xì)則(答案④),這里考的是分類;下列文種中,不重在敘述說明的是:①調(diào)查報(bào)告 ②計(jì)劃 ③總結(jié) ④通訊(答案③),這里考的是寫作方法;條例在時(shí)效方面,具有:①權(quán)威性 ②法規(guī)性 ③穩(wěn)定性 ④限定性(答案③),這里考的是文種的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)。
2、多項(xiàng)選擇題
多項(xiàng)選擇題的形式是在題干后有五個(gè)備選答案,從中選擇的正確答案在二個(gè)以上。這類題型的內(nèi)容主要涉及到格式組成、文種分類、特點(diǎn)、文種使用等。如會(huì)議提案的結(jié)構(gòu)組成包括:①案由 ②提案人 ③理由 ④辦法措施 ⑤落款(答案①②③④)考查的就是結(jié)構(gòu);如下列屬于工作簡(jiǎn)報(bào)的有:①關(guān)于會(huì)議的集中報(bào)道 ②稅務(wù)簡(jiǎn)訊 ③工作動(dòng)態(tài) ④內(nèi)部參考 ⑤快報(bào)(答案②③④⑤)考查的就是分類;如規(guī)范性應(yīng)用文的制約性體現(xiàn)在:①制作 ②使用 ③時(shí)效 ④格式 ⑤內(nèi)容(答案①②)考查的就是特點(diǎn);又如下列可以用通知這一文種的有:①印章啟用 ②與兄弟單位協(xié)商事項(xiàng) ③轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)不相隸屬機(jī)關(guān)的公文 ④更改文件內(nèi)容 ⑤表彰先進(jìn)批評(píng)錯(cuò)誤(答案①③④)考查的就是文種的使用。此外多項(xiàng)選擇題還會(huì)考查其他內(nèi)容。
考生無論是在答單選題還是多選題時(shí),一要認(rèn)準(zhǔn)題目、看清要求,特別注意用“不是”、“不屬于”等引起的題目;二是要善于采用排除法,既從正面判斷,又從反面加以排除,正反結(jié)合使用;三要善于比較和聯(lián)想、摸準(zhǔn)命題意圖。
3、填空題
這種題型比較容易掌握,答案也較直觀。就內(nèi)容而言,只要是比較重要的、關(guān)鍵性的、比較固定的知識(shí)點(diǎn),都可入題。其內(nèi)容構(gòu)成也較豐富,從概念的理解、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)的把握、文種的分類乃至關(guān)鍵性的文字都有所涉獵。試舉幾例:簡(jiǎn)報(bào)與公文截然不同,標(biāo)題沒有簽發(fā)機(jī)關(guān),沒有文件名稱,只有____(內(nèi)容摘要);訂立經(jīng)濟(jì)合同的主要程序是______和______(要約 承諾);會(huì)議記錄一般以______為單位分段記載(發(fā)言人);行政起訴狀中,原告可以是公民,可以是法人或其他組織,被告必須是______(主管行政機(jī)關(guān));初步的、非正式的計(jì)劃是______(設(shè)想);學(xué)術(shù)論文的靈魂是______(科學(xué)性)。以上題目均具有代表性。
要答好填空題,一是平時(shí)要反復(fù)讀書,對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)比較熟練了,答題時(shí)就可以憑直覺很快地回答出來;二是要注意題目的變化;三是對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)中的關(guān)鍵詞要特別清楚、準(zhǔn)確,不能似是而非。
5、改錯(cuò)題
改錯(cuò)題主要是考查自學(xué)應(yīng)考者的實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力、判斷能力。改錯(cuò)題可以是對(duì)內(nèi)容的改錯(cuò),如性質(zhì)、概念解釋等的改錯(cuò),更主要的還是對(duì)形式方面的改錯(cuò),如對(duì)格式、語言、語體、常規(guī)用法等的改錯(cuò)。如修改下列文字:“科技說明是科技報(bào)告的一種,它一般由封面、文頭、正文、文尾四個(gè)部分組成?!痹擃}應(yīng)將“科技報(bào)告”改成“科技情報(bào)”、將“文頭”改為“目錄”。將“文尾”改為“附錄”。又如修改標(biāo)題:“關(guān)于××衛(wèi)生局開展食品衛(wèi)生檢查、保證人民身體健康的指示”,這里,應(yīng)將“關(guān)于”調(diào)至“××衛(wèi)生局”后面,去掉“保證人民身體健康”、將“指示”改為“通知”。類似的改錯(cuò)很多,如經(jīng)濟(jì)合同格式的改錯(cuò)、主題詞的改錯(cuò)、材料的改錯(cuò)、語言使用的改錯(cuò)等,不甚枚舉。
考生在改錯(cuò)時(shí),要非常仔細(xì)。平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),要特別注意教材、自學(xué)指導(dǎo)書上的各種格式圖示和例文,要研究各種文體特定格式的擺放位置,對(duì)語言要仔細(xì)推敲,在考試時(shí)特別注意公文語言的語體問題。
6、分析題
分析題主要是考查自學(xué)應(yīng)考者應(yīng)用所學(xué)理論分析問題、解決問題的能力。分析題重在分析,它既可以分析怎么做,也可以分析不該怎樣做,它可以分析形成某個(gè)結(jié)果的原因,也可以分析特定的應(yīng)用文體的組成及結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作方法、寫作好處。“市××廠需進(jìn)口一批儀器設(shè)備,向市工業(yè)局寫了請(qǐng)示,市工業(yè)局經(jīng)過討論,認(rèn)為市××廠確實(shí)需要這一批儀器設(shè)備,同意它購(gòu)買,但外匯指標(biāo)和經(jīng)費(fèi)批準(zhǔn)權(quán)限不在市工業(yè)局,請(qǐng)問市工業(yè)局應(yīng)該如何辦理此份公文?”該題的做法是:市工業(yè)局應(yīng)先寫一份批復(fù),同意市××廠進(jìn)口儀器設(shè)備,但不能同意外匯指標(biāo)與經(jīng)費(fèi);接著闡述不能同意的理由——批準(zhǔn)權(quán)限不在市工業(yè)局;最后告訴市××廠怎么辦:或者由市××廠直接向有權(quán)批準(zhǔn)外匯指標(biāo)和經(jīng)費(fèi)的單位請(qǐng)示,或者由市工業(yè)局代替市××廠向有權(quán)批準(zhǔn)外匯指標(biāo)和經(jīng)費(fèi)的單位請(qǐng)示(上級(jí)單位)、發(fā)函(平級(jí)單位)。
要答好分析題,一是要留意教材在闡述文種時(shí)所舉例子及其分析,同時(shí)注意教材的例文,仔細(xì)對(duì)它們加以推敲;二是不要回避問題,不要兜圈子、繞彎子,答非所問、故意掩飾,要明白清晰,語氣肯定地回答問題;三是要把題目答完整,既要分析理由、指出癥結(jié),還要提出整改措施、闡明做法,要盡量求全責(zé)備;
四是要切中要旨,簡(jiǎn)明扼要。