第一篇：學(xué)術(shù)文章列出“天文數(shù)字”作者名單遭質(zhì)疑

學(xué)術(shù)文章列出“天文數(shù)字”作者名單遭質(zhì)疑

研究人員需要盡量多署名以豐富簡歷；合作研究文章優(yōu)劣勢并存

寫文章可能僅僅經(jīng)過一人之手，有時(shí)也有可能經(jīng)過兩三個(gè)抑或是五六個(gè)人共同合作完成，那么，經(jīng)過一大群人之手呢？

為了充實(shí)簡歷，合作研究者共同發(fā)表文章署名時(shí)往往會(huì)列出“天文數(shù)字”大名單。英國一教授最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，某篇文章列出45篇參考文獻(xiàn)和144個(gè)作者。

英國利茲城市大學(xué)倫理學(xué)與語言學(xué)教授Gavin Fairbairn發(fā)現(xiàn)《天文學(xué)雜志》（The Astronomical Journal）上一篇題為“斯隆數(shù)字巡天：技術(shù)摘要”（The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical summary）的文章，該文加上注釋共5230字，列有45篇參考文獻(xiàn)，但是卻列出了144個(gè)作者，平均下來每個(gè)作者貢獻(xiàn)了36.3字。Fairbairn教授坦言，這是他所見過的所有領(lǐng)域中作者最多的一篇文章。他無法想象144個(gè)作者是如何都參加進(jìn)來寫這篇文章的，他也更無法想象，如果有學(xué)術(shù)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)加分時(shí)，如何來評估他們各自的貢獻(xiàn)。

實(shí)際上，結(jié)隊(duì)發(fā)文的現(xiàn)象并不是當(dāng)今特有的產(chǎn)物。早在1966年，巴斯大學(xué)（University of Bath）經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授John Hudson曾就此發(fā)表過一篇題為“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域多位作者撰寫論文趨勢”（Trends in multi-authored papers in economics）的文章。他注意到，戰(zhàn)后初期的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家是典型的單干者，而60年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們更傾向于結(jié)成隊(duì)來做研究。Hudson教授對此發(fā)出了警告，他指出合作研究具有一定的優(yōu)勢，但是卻造成額外費(fèi)用的增加，不利于學(xué)術(shù)冒險(xiǎn)精神的培養(yǎng)，合作研究出產(chǎn)的文章往往缺乏方向或主題，僅僅是一種文字拼湊。越來越大的作者名單將可能導(dǎo)致文章愈發(fā)散亂，混亂的論點(diǎn)增多，難以理解。他補(bǔ)充說，只要現(xiàn)有的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)晉升機(jī)制不變，仍然盯著教授們長長的簡歷不放，這種趨勢就不可能得到根本的改變。

《自然》雜志上一篇文章，有248位作者

Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome

International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium Eric S.Lander1, Lauren M.Linton1, Bruce Birren1, Chad Nusbaum1, Michael C.Zody1, Jennifer Baldwin1, Keri Devon1, Ken Dewar1, Michael Doyle1, William FitzHugh1, Roel Funke1, Diane Gage1, Katrina Harris1, Andrew Heaford1, John Howland1, Lisa Kann1, Jessica Lehoczky1, Rosie LeVine1, Paul McEwan1, Kevin McKernan1, James Meldrim1, Jill P.Mesirov1, Cher Miranda1, William Morris1, Jerome Naylor1, Christina Raymond1, Mark Rosetti1, Ralph Santos1, Andrew Sheridan1, Carrie Sougnez1, Nicole Stange-Thomann1, Nikola Stojanovic1, Aravind Subramanian1 & Dudley Wyman1 for Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Center for Genome Research:, Jane Rogers2, John Sulston2, Rachael Ainscough2, Stephan Beck2, David Bentley2, John Burton2, Christopher Clee2, Nigel Carter2, Alan Coulson2, Rebecca Deadman2, Panos Deloukas2, Andrew Dunham2, Ian Dunham2, Richard Durbin2, Lisa French2, Darren Grafham2, Simon Gregory2, Tim Hubbard2, Sean Humphray2, Adrienne Hunt2, Matthew Jones2, Christine Lloyd2, Amanda

McMurray2, Lucy Matthews2, Simon Mercer2, Sarah Milne2, James C.Mullikin2, Andrew Mungall2, Robert Plumb2, Mark Ross2, Ratna Shownkeen2 & Sarah Sims2 for The Sanger Centre:, Robert H.Waterston3, Richard K.Wilson3, LaDeana W.Hillier3, John D.McPherson3, Marco A.Marra3, Elaine R.Mardis3, Lucinda A.Fulton3, Asif T.Chinwalla3, Kymberlie H.Pepin3, Warren R.Gish3, Stephanie L.Chissoe3, Michael C.Wendl3, Kim D.Delehaunty3, Tracie L.Miner3, Andrew Delehaunty3, Jason B.Kramer3, Lisa L.Cook3, Robert S.Fulton3, Douglas L.Johnson3, Patrick J.Minx3 & Sandra W.Clifton3 for Washington University Genome Sequencing Center, Trevor Hawkins4, Elbert Branscomb4, Paul Predki4, Paul Richardson4, Sarah Wenning4, Tom Slezak4, Norman Doggett4, Jan-Fang Cheng4, Anne Olsen4, Susan Lucas4, Christopher Elkin4, Edward Uberbacher4 & Marvin Frazier4 for US DOE Joint Genome Institute:, Richard A.Gibbs5, Donna M.Muzny5, Steven E.Scherer5, John B.Bouck5, Erica J.Sodergren5, Kim C.Worley5, Catherine M.Rives5, James H.Gorrell5, Michael L.Metzker5, Susan L.Naylor6, Raju S.Kucherlapati7, David L.Nelson & George M.Weinstock8 for Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center:, Yoshiyuki Sakaki9, Asao Fujiyama9, Masahira Hattori9, Tetsushi Yada9, Atsushi Toyoda9, Takehiko Itoh9, Chiharu Kawagoe9, Hidemi Watanabe9, Yasushi Totoki9 & Todd Taylor9 for RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center:, Jean Weissenbach10, Roland Heilig10, William Saurin10, Francois Artiguenave10, Philippe Brottier10, Thomas Bruls10, Eric Pelletier10, Catherine Robert10 & Patrick Wincker10 for Genoscope and CNRS UMR-8030:, André Rosenthal12, Matthias Platzer12, Gerald Nyakatura12, Stefan Taudien12 & Andreas Rump12 for Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology:, Douglas R.Smith11, Lynn Doucette-Stamm11, Marc Rubenfield11, Keith Weinstock11, Hong Mei Lee11 & JoAnn Dubois11 for GTC Sequencing Center:, Huanming Yang13, Jun Yu13, Jian Wang13, Guyang Huang14 & Jun Gu15 for Beijing Genomics Institute/Human Genome Center:, Leroy Hood16, Lee Rowen16, Anup Madan16 & Shizen Qin16 for Multimegabase Sequencing Center, The Institute for Systems Biology:, Ronald W.Davis17, Nancy A.Federspiel17, A.Pia Abola17 & Michael J.Proctor17 for Stanford Genome Technology Center:, Bruce A.Roe22, Feng Chen22 & Huaqin Pan22 for University of Oklahoma's Advanced Center for Genome Technology:, Juliane Ramser23, Hans Lehrach23 & Richard Reinhardt23 for Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics:, W.Richard McCombie24, Melissa de la Bastide24 & Neilay Dedhia24 for Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Lita Annenberg Hazen Genome Center:, Helmut Bl?cker25, Klaus Hornischer25 & Gabriele Nordsiek25 for GBF—German Research Centre for Biotechnology:, Richa Agarwala26, L.Aravind26, Jeffrey A.Bailey27, Alex Bateman2, Serafim Batzoglou1, Ewan Birney28, Peer Bork29,30, Daniel G.Brown1, Christopher B.Burge31, Lorenzo Cerutti28, Hsiu-Chuan Chen26, Deanna Church26, Michele Clamp2, Richard R.Copley30, Tobias Doerks29,30, Sean R.Eddy32, Evan E.Eichler27, Terrence S.Furey33, James Galagan1, James G.R.Gilbert2, Cyrus Harmon34, Yoshihide Hayashizaki35, David Haussler36, Henning Hermjakob28, Karsten Hokamp37, Wonhee Jang26, L.Steven Johnson32, Thomas A.Jones32, Simon Kasif38, Arek Kaspryzk28, Scot Kennedy39, W.James Kent40, Paul Kitts26, Eugene V.Koonin26, Ian Korf3, David Kulp34, Doron Lancet41, Todd M.Lowe42, Aoife McLysaght37, Tarjei Mikkelsen38, John V.Moran43, Nicola Mulder28, Victor J.Pollara1, Chris P.Ponting44, Greg Schuler26, J?rg Schultz30, Guy Slater28, Arian F.A.Smit45, Elia Stupka28, Joseph Szustakowki38, Danielle Thierry-Mieg26, Jean Thierry-Mieg26, Lukas Wagner26, John Wallis3, Raymond Wheeler34, Alan Williams34, Yuri I.Wolf26, Kenneth H.Wolfe37, Shiaw-Pyng Yang3 & Ru-Fang Yeh31 for *Genome Analysis Group(listed in alphabetical order,also includes individuals listed under other headings):, Francis Collins46, Mark S.Guyer46, Jane Peterson46, Adam Felsenfeld46 & Kris A.Wetterstrand46 for Scientific management: National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health:, Richard M.Myers18, Jeremy Schmutz18, Mark Dickson18, Jane Grimwood18 & David R.Cox18 for Stanford Human Genome Center:, Maynard V.Olson19, Rajinder Kaul19 & Christopher Raymond19 for University of Washington Genome Center:, Nobuyoshi Shimizu20, Kazuhiko Kawasaki20 & Shinsei Minoshima20 for Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine:, Glen A.Evans21， Maria Athanasiou21 & Roger Schultz21 for University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas:, Aristides Patrinos47 for Office of Science, US Department of Energy: & Michael J.Morgan48 for The Wellcome Trust:

aPresent addresses: Genome Sequencing Project, Egea Biosciences, Inc., 4178 Sorrento Valley Blvd., Suite F, San Diego, CA92121, USA(G.A.E.);INRA, Station d'Amélioration des Plantes, 63039Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 2, France(L.C.).Top of page

Abstract

The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution.Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome.We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.Top of page