第一篇：2014年12月份英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文練習(xí)

2014年6月的已經(jīng)告一段落，從考試匯總可知作文可以說(shuō)是考試的重難點(diǎn)，也是讓考生最頭疼的內(nèi)容，作文除了需要我們有一定的詞匯積累，也需要我們不間斷的練習(xí)，練習(xí)多了才能熟能生巧，才能下筆成章，下面來(lái)一起練習(xí)一下這篇四級(jí)作文吧，希望考生能夠更好地為12月份的四六級(jí)考試提前做好準(zhǔn)備。

Directions: Write a composition entitled Complaint About Noise.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

與你住在同一棟樓里的鄰居經(jīng)常在夜間發(fā)出噪音，影響了你和周?chē)?其他人的休息，請(qǐng)給他(她)寫(xiě)一封信，說(shuō)明你的理由，同時(shí)要求對(duì)方 停止上述行為。

【經(jīng)典范文】

Complaint About Noise

June 18, 2010

Dear Sir or Madam,I am your neighbor living downstairs in the same building.lamjwriting you to complain of the noise you make during the night.Recently the noise during the night disturbed my rest.Almost every night, there comes some noise from your apartment just as I go to bed and am on my way to a dream.I wonder what the noise is.Are you repairing your furniture? Are you doing physical exercises? Whatever you do at that time of the night, you have to take your neighbors’ rest into consideration.In a word, you are disturbing both your other neighbors and me.I heard you are always a friendly and considerate neighbor.Please stojp making noise at night.Thank you.Take care.Yours friendly neighbor

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】

I am writing you to complain of...take...into consideration 將我寫(xiě)信投訴…… 考慮進(jìn)去 disturb v.打擾 in a word 總之 on my way to a dream 即將入睡 considerate adj.考慮周到的take care請(qǐng)注意

第二篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文練習(xí)

1.2.3.4.5.6.英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練習(xí)題

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Deal with Cheating? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.學(xué)生作弊的方式多種多樣

2.作弊的原因，對(duì)作弊學(xué)生應(yīng)如何處理

3.怎樣杜絕作弊

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Heated Match, Fair Play.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

假設(shè)你是學(xué)校廣播站播音員，對(duì)今天上午舉行的學(xué)?；@球聯(lián)賽決賽進(jìn)行報(bào)道。報(bào)道的內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.比賽舉行的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及參賽隊(duì)伍

2.比賽的主要過(guò)程

3.對(duì)比賽結(jié)果的分析

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Goods Promotion on Campus.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:

假設(shè)你是李慧，就校園內(nèi)推銷(xiāo)各種商品的情況給校長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)封信，信的內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：

1.校園內(nèi)經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到推銷(xiāo)各種商品的現(xiàn)象

2.產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因

3.你的具體建議

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter of Application for a School Loan.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

假設(shè)你是高鵬，是英語(yǔ)系的一名新生，請(qǐng)你就申請(qǐng)助學(xué)貸款一事給學(xué)校有關(guān)部門(mén)寫(xiě)封申請(qǐng)信。申請(qǐng)信的內(nèi)容須包括以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.提出申請(qǐng)

2.申請(qǐng)的理由

3.懇請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic College Graduates Work as Village Officials.You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

1.你是否認(rèn)為大學(xué)生當(dāng)村官是個(gè)好主意;

2.大學(xué)生能給鄉(xiāng)村提供些什么;

3.大學(xué)生能從村官職位中獲得什么。

College Graduates Work as Village Officials

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Keep Psychologically Healthy.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.心理健康問(wèn)題往往是導(dǎo)致疾病的原因

2.分析人們產(chǎn)生心理健康問(wèn)題的原因(可從失業(yè)、壓力過(guò)重、缺少支持、缺乏人際關(guān)系等方面加以分析)

3.你認(rèn)為人們?nèi)绾伪３中睦斫】?/p>

7.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On a Harmonious Dormitory Life.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.宿舍生活有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)不和諧的情況

2.一個(gè)和諧宿舍生活的必要性

3.如何創(chuàng)造和諧的宿舍生活

8.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Deal with Sub health.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.隨著世界現(xiàn)代化的不斷加速發(fā)展，人們的物質(zhì)生活水平不斷攀升，但人們卻日益受到 “亞健康” 這種不良狀態(tài)的威脅。

2.亞健康的具體表現(xiàn)及在我國(guó)的蔓延程度(北京 75%，上海72%，廣州70%的上班族都屬于亞健康狀態(tài))。

3.在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中應(yīng)怎樣解決亞健康問(wèn)題。

9.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Study under a Work study Program.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.在大學(xué)校園中，有的大學(xué)生是因?yàn)樯罾щy，有的大學(xué)生是為鍛煉實(shí)際能力而勤工儉學(xué)

2.作為一名在校大學(xué)生，你如何看待勤工儉學(xué)問(wèn)題

10.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Job searching Experience.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:

1.介紹得到這次求職信息的途徑

2.敘述這次求職經(jīng)歷的全過(guò)程

3.談?wù)勀銓?duì)這次經(jīng)歷的感受或體會(huì)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Deal with Cheating? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.學(xué)生作弊的方式多種多樣

2.作弊的原因，對(duì)作弊學(xué)生應(yīng)如何處理

3.怎樣杜絕作弊

【范文】

How to Deal with Cheating?

Many students tend to cheat in the exams.Some will copy the answers from their books.Some will talk with each other to share the right answers.Besides, some even write down the information on their skin.There are several causes leading to cheating.Some students want to get high scores without efforts.Secondly, some are under great pressure and they fear to fail the exams.Once the students are found cheating, the teachers should punish them severely and explain the harm of cheating to them.There are at least two ways to eliminate cheating.On the one hand, we should explain the harm of cheating to our students.On the other hand, strict measures should be taken against cheating.As a result, the fair play in the exams can be achieved and students can pay attention to study instead of cheating.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Heated Match, Fair Play.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

假設(shè)你是學(xué)校廣播站播音員，對(duì)今天上午舉行的學(xué)校籃球聯(lián)賽決賽進(jìn)行報(bào)道。報(bào)道的內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.比賽舉行的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及參賽隊(duì)伍

2.比賽的主要過(guò)程

3.對(duì)比賽結(jié)果的分析

【范文】

Heated Match, Fair Play

Dear fellow students，Good evening.Here comes the coverage of the final basketball match of our school league.The match was held in the school stadium in the morning.One team was from the English Department, and the other from the Maths Department.The game began at 8:30.All the players brought their potential into full play.Both teams took the lead by turns.The biggest margin was less than ten points.It was really the closest game I have ever watched.When there was 5 seconds left, the team from the English Department lagged narrowly behind by two points.At the last second, Li Qiang scored a three pointer and put the English team in lead by one point.The audience burst into thunderous applause and cheers.At last, the English team screwed a 7574 win over the Maths team.All of the players on both teams played marvelously, with the leading scorer Li Qiang.He scored 26 points, 10 of them in the decisive final quarter.Besides, he also snatched 9 rebounds.No wonder he was elected the MVP of the game.That’s the exciting report on the game.Thank you.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Goods Promotion on Campus.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:

假設(shè)你是李慧，就校園內(nèi)推銷(xiāo)各種商品的情況給校長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)封信，信的內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：

1.校園內(nèi)經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到推銷(xiāo)各種商品的現(xiàn)象

2.產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因

3.你的具體建議

【范文】

A Letter to the University President

about the Goods Promotion on Campus April 21, 2006

Dear Mr.President，Nowadays the goods promotion on campus is on the rise.When you are taking a nap on the dormitory, you will be disturbed by knocks on the door by a salesman.Most of those goods promoted are of poor quality.Worse still, this poses a potential danger on the security of the dormitory.Why is the goods promotion so pervasive on campus? Firstly, many salesmen believe that college students are naive and can be easily deceived.Secondly, a number of students, especially the freshmen, are in great need of various necessities at the beginning of each semester.Thirdly, some students want to take part-time jobs and earn some money.As for this kind of phenomenon, I’d like to put forward some suggestions.On the one hand, those professional salesmen should not be allowed to enter the dormitory to promote their goods.On the other hand, no promotion activity should be allowed during noon break.I hope in this way our campus life will be left undisturbed.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter of Application for a School Loan.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

假設(shè)你是高鵬，是英語(yǔ)系的一名新生，請(qǐng)你就申請(qǐng)助學(xué)貸款一事給學(xué)校有關(guān)部門(mén)寫(xiě)封申請(qǐng)信。申請(qǐng)信的內(nèi)容須包括以下幾點(diǎn)：

1.提出申請(qǐng)

2.申請(qǐng)的理由

3.懇請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)

【范文】

A Letter of Application for a School Loan

To whom it may concern，I’m writing to you to apply for a school loan.As a freshman from the English Department, I have much financial difficulty in continuing my study.There are five members in my family.My father is the only breadwinner of the whole family while my mother was laid off two years ago.My grandmother has been suffering a chronic illness for more than five years.My younger brother is now studying in a high middle school.I took part-time jobs during the summer vacation, but what I have earned is far from enough for me to pay the required tuition fees.In order to continue my study, I have to apply for a school loan.If my request is granted, I will make good use of the money and put my heart into study.I will definitely pay back the loan according to the requirements.I hope that you will consider my application.Looking forward to your reply.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic College Graduates Work as Village Officials.You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

1.你是否認(rèn)為大學(xué)生當(dāng)村官是個(gè)好主意;

2.大學(xué)生能給鄉(xiāng)村提供些什么;

3.大學(xué)生能從村官職位中獲得什么。

College Graduates Work as Village Officials

【范文】

College Graduates Work as Village Officials

Nowadays many college graduates choose to work as village officials in the remote areas.To this, people’s attitudes differ sharply.Some hold the positive view while others are against it.As far as I am concerned, I believe that it is a wise choice.Above all, college graduates can contribute a lot to the development of the countryside.First, they can apply their professional knowledge there.Secondly, they can introduce new concepts to the countryside and speed the development of rural culture.As a result, the gap between the city and the countryside can well be bridged.In addition, these graduates can benefit a lot from working as village officials.While too many college graduates are fighting for the handful of positions in big cities, these graduates can find themselves a wider stage of development and realize their value.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Keep Psychologically Healthy.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.心理健康問(wèn)題往往是導(dǎo)致疾病的原因

2.分析人們產(chǎn)生心理健康問(wèn)題的原因(可從失業(yè)、壓力過(guò)重、缺少支持、缺乏人際關(guān)系等方面加以分析)

3.你認(rèn)為人們?nèi)绾伪３中睦斫】?/p>

【范文】

How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?

One in four people will experience some kind of mental health problem in the course of a year.When you fail to manage to control these problems, they are likely to cause various mental illnesses and, as a result of physiological imbalance, physical illnesses.You may not be able to live a normal life, let alone a fulfilling one.The causes of mental health problems often vary a lot from one case to another.In today’ society, a good number of people are suffering from heavy pressure.Others are lacking in communication skills and feel they are living in an isolated world.In addition, a lot of people are ignorant of psychological knowledge about how to keep mentally fit.There are a lot of ways to curb mental health problems and keep psychologically healthy.Firstly, find the real cause of your mental health problem and see whether you can do something to make a change.Secondly, learn to relax yourself and take exercise to release the pressure.After all, your health is what counts most.Lastly, you may find it helpful to talk to your partner, a relative or a friend about your problems, or seek support and advice from a psychological consultant.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On a Harmonious Dormitory Life.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.宿舍生活有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)不和諧的情況

2.一個(gè)和諧宿舍生活的必要性

3.如何創(chuàng)造和諧的宿舍生活

【范文】

On a Harmonious Dormitory Life

Dormitory life is an indispensable part of college life.But sometimes the harmony in the dormitory will be disturbed in one way or another.For example, some members listen to music late into the night and make those light sleepers restless.Worse still, the smell of some students socks is powerful enough to drive other members out of the room.As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefits all the members.On one hand, we can have a good rest and put our heart into study.On the other hand, we will have a good mood and enjoy being together.In contrast, an unharmonious life will be depressing and counterproductive.There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life.Firstly, you have to evaluate your life style and try to get rid of your dirty habits, if there are any.Secondly, when an annoying situation arises, you’ll just have to learn to tolerate each other and coexist.Thirdly, you’ll have to share with each other and make good friends.In conclusion, we should try our best to build a harmonious dormitory life for the purpose of good study and good life.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Deal with Sub health.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.隨著世界現(xiàn)代化的不斷加速發(fā)展，人們的物質(zhì)生活水平不斷攀升，但人們卻日益受到 “亞健康” 這種不良狀態(tài)的威脅。

2.亞健康的具體表現(xiàn)及在我國(guó)的蔓延程度(北京 75%，上海72%，廣州70%的上班族都屬于亞健康狀態(tài))。

3.在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中應(yīng)怎樣解決亞健康問(wèn)題。

【范文】

How to Deal with Sub health

With the modernization of the world, people’ standard of living has improved a lot.Then there appears a state of sub health among people which poses a new threat to them.There are some typical symptoms for people who are in a state of sub health.First of all, those who suffer from it often have a headache or backache.Secondly, they feel like having a rest frequently.What upsets us most is that, the situation is spreading countrywide.As a result, more and more workers in big cities are harassed by it, with a percentage of 75 in Beijing, 72 in Shanghai and 70 in Guangzhou respectively.Then how can we solve this problem effectively? Experts suggest that the best way to keep us healthy is to do exercises.It is also very important that people should form a good living habit, for example, getting up early and going to sleep early.Only doing so can we keep us healthy.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Study under a Work study Program.You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1.在大學(xué)校園中，有的大學(xué)生是因?yàn)樯罾щy，有的大學(xué)生是為鍛煉實(shí)際能力而勤工儉學(xué)

2.作為一名在校大學(xué)生，你如何看待勤工儉學(xué)問(wèn)題

【范文】

Study under a Work study Program

Nowadays more and more college students are taking part time jobs as they have more time at their disposal.Some are eager to gain experience and improve their practical skills.Others want to earn some money and relieve the financial burden on their families.But every coin has two sides.On the one hand, part time jobs do much good for us.We can develop our skills and improve our material life as well.On the other hand, we may not be able to put our heart into study in the “gold rush”.Worse still, those who fail to resist the temptation from society will take a wrong road, and even end up in prison.In conclusion, the outcome of study under a work study program depends on how we handle it.We should allot plenty of time to our study, keeping in mind that study should have priority over anything else for us college students, and money is not our purpose but a means to provide us with comfort.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Job searching Experience.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:

1.介紹得到這次求職信息的途徑

2.敘述這次求職經(jīng)歷的全過(guò)程

3.談?wù)勀銓?duì)這次經(jīng)歷的感受或體會(huì)

【范文】

A Job searching Experience

Last Friday my English teacher told me that one of her friends was looking for an English governess.I asked for her friend name and phone number and determined to seize the chance.I was a little bit nervous when I went to the woman house.I was told that the talk between us that day would decide whether I could take the job.However, when the woman, Lucy as she was called, welcomed me into her house, I felt much relaxed.I thought as long as I was sincere and friendly I would perform well.The conversation went on smoothly.She seemed much more interested in my habits and hobbies than how good I was at English.Then it seemed that I did the most talking that day.I told her about my family and school life.Obviously I succeeded and from then on I went to teach her English every weekend.Lucy told me later that it was my sincerity that makes her willingly accept me.It is true that there are many tips while seeking for a job, but remember to be sincere.It’s the secret of my success.7

第三篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文練習(xí)

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文練習(xí)-記敘文

距離2012年6月份的英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試越來(lái)越近，考生應(yīng)在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)做好大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文練習(xí)，在此為大家整理記敘文的思路及大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文范文。

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文練習(xí)之記敘文的思路與練習(xí)

記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過(guò)程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫(xiě)人為主，又可以以寫(xiě)事為主。寫(xiě)記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：

時(shí)間(When)—— 何時(shí)發(fā)生，有沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間?

地點(diǎn)(Where)—— 何地發(fā)生，有沒(méi)有地點(diǎn)變化?

人物(Who)—— 何人參與，誰(shuí)是主角?

事件(What)—— 發(fā)生了什么，有何特點(diǎn)?

原因(Why)—— 事件的起因?

結(jié)果(How)—— 事件的經(jīng)過(guò)及結(jié)局?

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開(kāi)。

【例】四級(jí)考試中，只出現(xiàn)過(guò)一次專(zhuān)門(mén)的記敘文體裁的寫(xiě)作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.)，2003年6月出現(xiàn)過(guò)包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。

對(duì)于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開(kāi)始構(gòu)思了。

When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，“我”去散步。Where：到哪兒散步?去公園?在校園里?在街上(街上空氣不好，還是不去!)。

Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書(shū)背單詞的學(xué)生。

What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂(lè)跳舞，打球，等等。

Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書(shū)，讀讀單詞。

當(dāng)然，由這個(gè)題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文范文

An Early Morning Walk

One morning I got up very early，and everything around was very quiet.The sun had just risen，shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk.There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees.I strolled along the street toward the park，breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy.When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there.Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities.Some were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.I wandered around the park.To my delight，I found a few

middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park.I went up and spoke to them in English.We soon became friends.I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English.On the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful.Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.

第四篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文練習(xí)

時(shí)間內(nèi)做好大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文練習(xí)，在此為大家整理記敘文的思路及大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)記敘文是以敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過(guò)程為主要表現(xiàn)形式的一種文體。記敘文既可以以寫(xiě)人為主，又可以以寫(xiě)事為主。寫(xiě)記敘文要注意記敘文的“六大要素”即：

時(shí)間(When)—— 何時(shí)發(fā)生，有沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間?

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在一篇記敘文中這六大要素是缺一不可的。記敘文的思路就圍繞這六大要素充分展開(kāi)。

【例】四級(jí)考試中，只出現(xiàn)過(guò)一次專(zhuān)門(mén)的記敘文體裁的寫(xiě)作，即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.)，2003年6月出現(xiàn)過(guò)包含記敘文的作文，即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。

對(duì)于“An Early Morning Walk”，知道命題要求后，我們就要開(kāi)始構(gòu)思了。

When：題目已規(guī)定了是“清晨”，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，“我”去散步。Where：到哪兒散步?去公園?在校園里?在街上(街上空氣不好，還是不去!)。

Who：在公園里看到晨練的人：中老年人、年輕人、小孩子;在校園里看到讀書(shū)背單詞的學(xué)生。

What：人們熱火朝天地做操，隨音樂(lè)跳舞，打球，等等。

Why：清晨空氣清新，適合鍛煉;一日之際在于晨，背背書(shū)，讀讀單詞。

當(dāng)然，由這個(gè)題目可以令人想到很多東西，因篇幅所限，我們做了刪減。

When I arrived at the park，I found，to my surprise，that there were so many people there.Men and women，boys and girls，all were enjoying themselves in their various activities.Some were doing morning exercises，some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully.I wandered around the park.To my delight，I found a few

middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park.I went up and spoke to them in English.We soon became friOn the way home，I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful.Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise.

第五篇：2016大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí) 翻譯練習(xí)

世界貿(mào)易組織成立于1995年1月1日，目的是確保一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的全球和貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境。在當(dāng)今世界上的190多個(gè)國(guó)家中，世界貿(mào)易組織的成員國(guó)(member country)有158個(gè)。在處理國(guó)家之間的貿(mào)易規(guī)則方面，世界貿(mào)易組織是唯一的全球性國(guó)際組織。世貿(mào)組織的事務(wù)應(yīng)該引起我們的關(guān)注，因?yàn)槭蕾Q(mào)組織制定的規(guī)則對(duì)我們國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和國(guó)民生活都有一定的影響。The WTO(World Trade Organization),established on January 1, 1995, aims to ensure a stable trade and economic world environment.The WTO is an association of 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the world today.The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.The business of the WTO should be of interest to us because the rules that are being decided therein have an impact on our national economy, and peoples lives.2 奧運(yùn)會(huì)是國(guó)際性的體育盛會(huì)(sporting events)，體育項(xiàng)目種類(lèi)繁多，分為夏冬兩季，均是每4年舉辦一次。最初有記載的奧運(yùn)會(huì)于公元前776年在希臘的奧林匹亞(Olympia)舉行。奧運(yùn)會(huì)是最大的媒體活動(dòng)之一。2000年悉尼奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，有超過(guò)1.6萬(wàn)名播音員和新聞?dòng)浾邊⑴c報(bào)道。據(jù)估計(jì)，有38億觀眾通過(guò)電視收看了此屆盛會(huì)。然而，奧運(yùn)會(huì)的發(fā)展也是奧運(yùn)會(huì)面臨的一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。

The Olympic Games are an international multisport event subdivided into summer and winter sporting events.The summer and winter games are each held every four years.The original Olympic Games were first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece.The Olympics are one of the largest media events.In Sydney in 2000 there were more than 16 000 broadcasters and journalists, and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television.However, the development of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today.3 《三國(guó)演義》由羅貫中創(chuàng)作于14世紀(jì)，是一部中國(guó)歷史題材小說(shuō)。小說(shuō)以漢朝末年和三國(guó)時(shí)期的歷史演變?yōu)楸尘?，敘述了在這個(gè)動(dòng)蕩(turbulent)時(shí)期發(fā)生的一系列重大事情。整個(gè)故事情節(jié)從公元168年開(kāi)始一直到公元280年領(lǐng)土統(tǒng)一(reunification)時(shí)結(jié)束。小說(shuō)篇幅長(zhǎng)達(dá)80萬(wàn)字，分為120個(gè)章節(jié)，共描述了1 191個(gè)人物角色，堪稱(chēng)中國(guó)文學(xué)史上四大經(jīng)典小說(shuō)之一。

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280.It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800 000 words, 1 191 characters, and 120 chapters.4 秧歌舞(Yangko)是中國(guó)漢族的一種傳統(tǒng)民間舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝(costume)，他們的表演動(dòng)作有力而迅速。在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽(tīng)到鑼(gong)鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會(huì)蜂擁到街上觀看秧歌舞表演。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了秧歌隊(duì)，隊(duì)員常年通過(guò)跳秧歌舞來(lái)保持健康，同時(shí)他們也樂(lè)在其中。The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in the northern provinces.Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes, and their movements are vigorous and quick.During holidays such as lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outside.In recent years, elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers mostly enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year round.5 中國(guó)人喜歡在一起吃飯，這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到很久之前。這反映出中國(guó)人喜歡團(tuán)圓、不愿分離的觀念——圓桌、圓盤(pán)、圓碗都象征著團(tuán)圓和美滿(mǎn)。盤(pán)子通常放在桌子的中央,這樣坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一鍋熱湯尤其可以增加和諧、團(tuán)圓的氣氛。朋友們也喜歡在一起吃飯、生活。最近一位美國(guó)漢學(xué)家(Sinologist)的著作認(rèn)為，中國(guó)人的集體觀念(collective tradition)就是從一同吃飯發(fā)展而來(lái)的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long time ago.It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection.Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them.A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union.Friends also like to eat and live together.A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.6 川劇(Sichuan Opera)就像四川火鍋以及其他的名菜一樣動(dòng)人、豐富。變臉(Face Changing)是川劇中的一大亮點(diǎn)。據(jù)說(shuō)古人在他們的臉上作畫(huà)，[JP2]以便趕走野生動(dòng)物。川劇吸收了這一古老的技藝并將其升華為一門(mén)藝術(shù)。變臉是一門(mén)神奇的藝術(shù)。演員在不到20秒的時(shí)間內(nèi)要換十多次臉譜。通過(guò)舉手、擺袖或搖頭，演員使用不同的臉譜來(lái)表現(xiàn)不同的情緒，并通過(guò)看得見(jiàn)摸得著的臉譜表達(dá)出看不見(jiàn)摸不著的感情。

Sichuan Opera(Chuan Ju), like hotpot and other famous Sichuan dishes, is exciting and rich.Face Changing is the highlight of Sichuan Opera.It is said that ancient people painted their faces to drive away wild animals.Sichuan Opera absorbs this ancient skill and perfects it into an art.Face Changing is a magical art.Actors change more than 10 masks in less than 20 seconds.By raising the hand, swinging a sleeve or tossing the head, an actor uses different masks to show different emotions, expressing invisible and intangible feelings through visible and tangible masks.7 長(zhǎng)城作為世界上最偉大的奇觀之一，是古代中國(guó)在不同時(shí)期為抵御北方游牧民族（nomadic tribe）侵襲而修筑的規(guī)模浩大的軍事工程的統(tǒng)稱(chēng)。如同巨龍一般，長(zhǎng)城自東向西綿延8 800多公里。距今已有2 000多年歷史的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城很多地方已經(jīng)變成了廢墟，但是它仍然是世界上最具吸引力的地方。1987年，長(zhǎng)城被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織（UNESCO）列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders in the world, is the general name of a series of largescale military constructions during different periods in ancient China, hoped for the defense against the invasion of nomadic tribes from the north.Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall stretches over 8 800 kilometers from east to west of China.With a history of more than 2 000 years, many sections of the Great Wall have been in ruins now.However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world.In 1987, the Great Wall was listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.8 光棍節(jié)，又稱(chēng)“雙十一”，最初是由大學(xué)生發(fā)起的單身人士的情人節(jié)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)從最初的慶祝單身變成了中國(guó)人的一個(gè)網(wǎng)購(gòu)狂歡節(jié)。過(guò)去六年里，中國(guó)的電商（ecommerce）巨頭們開(kāi)始利用這一商機(jī)，通過(guò)打折促銷(xiāo)吸引顧客，提高銷(xiāo)售收入。天貓(Tmall.com)雙十一一天的銷(xiāo)售額從2009年的5 000萬(wàn)飆升至2013年的350億。郵政部門(mén)（the State Post Bureau）表示由于準(zhǔn)備充分，盡管訂單增加，快遞業(yè)務(wù)仍然運(yùn)行正常。

Singles Day, also named the Double 11 Day, which originated with college students as an alternative to Valentines Day for single people, now has transformed its original function as a day of celebration for the great unloved into a day of crazy online shopping for the Chinese people.Over the past six years, Singles Day has been taken advantage of by Chinese ecommerce giants by offering discounts and launching sales campaigns on that day to attract customers and boost sales income.Sales at Tmall.com on Singles Day have snowballed from 50 million yuan in 2009 to 35 billion yuan in 2013.The State Post Bureau said that thanks to adequate preparation, express deliveries were running on schedule despite the increase in orders.9 對(duì)于中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，“面子”十分重要，它指的是一個(gè)人根源于自尊的名譽(yù)觀。大部分中國(guó)人都認(rèn)為，有面子是最重要的事情之一，丟面子則會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大的痛苦。因此，人們必須了解并遵守面子規(guī)則，如果違反就會(huì)受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。然而，有時(shí)候一個(gè)人丟面子不僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄兊男袨椴环仙鐣?huì)的要求，還可能是由于別人的行為沒(méi)有符合他個(gè)人的期待。

Face is immensely important for the Chinese.It can be defined as a notion of ones reputation rooted in selfesteem.Most of the Chinese people believe that to have face is one of the most valued things, while to lose face is a cause of great anguish.Thus, people are expected to know and abide by the rules of face and are penalized harshly if they break them.However, sometimes a person could lose face not only because of his failure to match up to societys obligations on him, but also from the failure of others to act in accordance with his expectations of them.武術(shù)在我國(guó)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶(gem)。我們知道，一個(gè)民族的優(yōu)秀文化遺產(chǎn)不僅僅屬于一個(gè)民族，它會(huì)逐漸傳播到世界的其他地方而成為人類(lèi)的共同財(cái)富。為了更好地推廣武術(shù)，使其與奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目接軌，中國(guó)武協(xié)和國(guó)際武聯(lián)(the Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation)做了艱苦卓絕的工作?，F(xiàn)在武術(shù)已被列為一種與保齡球(bowling)和國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)舞(international standard dance)有同等地位的奧運(yùn)表演項(xiàng)目。

With a long history in China, wushu is a gem of Chinese traditional culture.As we all know, the excellent cultural heritage of a nation doesnt belong to the nation alone but will be spread to the rest of the world gradually to be shared by all humanity.The Chinese Wushu Association and the International Wushu Federation have been working very hard to popularize wushu and move it closer to the Olympic events.Now, wushu has been accepted as an Olympic demonstration event with the same status as bowling and international standard dance.11 旗袍(Qipao)是中國(guó)獨(dú)特的傳統(tǒng)服飾。旗袍原本是滿(mǎn)族(Manchu)婦女的服裝，穿在身上非常寬松，直上直下，中間沒(méi)有腰線。后來(lái)一些漢族的女性對(duì)這種服飾進(jìn)行了改造，使它更加合身、性感。20世紀(jì)20年代，旗袍在上海的女學(xué)生中變得非常流行。旗袍一般是由絲綢制成，領(lǐng)口、袖口和腋襟上都繡有精細(xì)的花邊。旗袍體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)女性的端莊、溫柔和美麗。

Qipao is a unique kind of traditional Chinese attire.Originally worn by Manchu women, Qipao fitted loosely and hung straight down the body with no waistlines.And then some Han Chinese ladies carried out some improvements on the design, making it more fitting and sexier.When it came to the 1920s, Qipao became very popular among the girl students in Shanghai.Qipao is usually made of silk, and embroidered with delicate laces at the neckline, cuffs and edges.Qipao embodies Chinese womens modesty, softness and beauty.中國(guó)石窟(grotto)主要反映的是佛教文化藝術(shù)。敦煌莫高窟、大同云岡石窟、洛陽(yáng)龍門(mén)石窟、天水麥積山石窟，號(hào)稱(chēng)中國(guó)四大石窟藝術(shù)景觀。佛教石窟隨山雕鑿、彩繪，形象生動(dòng)自然，將崇高美(sublimity)與世俗情(secular feeling)融為一體，把天然造化與人工創(chuàng)造有機(jī)結(jié)合，是由建筑、繪畫(huà)、雕塑等組成的博大精深、絢麗奪目的綜合藝術(shù)殿堂。其藝術(shù)成就為世界所矚目，已成為重要的世界文化遺產(chǎn)。

Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture.In China, there are four major art landscapes of grottoes: the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui.Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance.They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind.The Chinese Buddhist grottoes are regarded as a profound and stunning general art gallery, displaying the art of architecture, painting, sculptures and etc.The artistic achievements of Chinese grottoes have attracted the attention of the world, and have become an important international cultural heritage.13 中國(guó)古典文學(xué)包括詩(shī)歌、散文、小說(shuō)及詞(ci)、賦(fu)、曲(qu)等多種文體，藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)手法豐富各異。小說(shuō)歷史悠久，并在明清時(shí)期達(dá)到巔峰。小說(shuō)中的《三國(guó)演義》《水滸傳》《西游記》《紅樓夢(mèng)》被稱(chēng)為中國(guó)四大古典文學(xué)名著，至今在國(guó)內(nèi)外都有著廣泛而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。研讀四大名著能夠了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)人文社會(huì)、民俗，是汲取古代文明精粹、處世為人策略與智慧的重要途徑。

Chinese classical literature includes poetry, prose, fiction, and ci(new lyrics written to preexisting tunes), fu(“descriptive poems” of prosepoetry), qu(a freer form based on the new popular songs and dramatic arias), and many other styles.Its artistic expressions are various in techniques.Chinese fiction has a long history, reaching its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Four classics of Chinese literature are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, Pilgrimage to the West, and A Dream of Red Mansions, which have extensive and farreaching significance both on a national and international level.Through reading “the four famous novels” carefully, you can understand traditional Chinese society and human culture, and its folklore.And it is an important way to absorb the quintessence of ancient culture as well as to pick up strategies and wisdom on how to get along with others.14 泰山(Mount Tai)位于山東中部，占地426平方千米，最高峰“玉皇頂(the Jade Emperor Peak)”海拔約1 545米。泰山以恢宏的自然景觀著稱(chēng)于世，山上點(diǎn)綴著寺廟、石碑和石刻(stone inscription)。身為中國(guó)五大名山之首，泰山備受佛教(Buddhism)和道教(Taoism)的推崇。中國(guó)的很多皇帝都曾到泰山敬拜天地。傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為泰山是每天太陽(yáng)最先升起的地方。因此為了到泰山之巔看日出，成千上萬(wàn)的人午夜就開(kāi)始攀登泰山。

Located in central Shandong Province, Mount Tai covers 426 square kilometers with its highest peak, the Jade Emperor Peak, reaching about 1 545 meters above sea level.Mount Tai earns a reputation for its imposing natural scenery festooned with a chain of temples, stone tablets and stone inscriptions.As the first of the “Five Great Mountains” in China, Mount Tai is revered both in Buddhism and Taoism.Many emperors in China visited it to hold the Heaven Worship ceremony.Traditional belief maintains that each day begins with the sun rising at Mount Tai, thus thousands of sun worshipers climbed it from as early as midnight in order to appreciate sunrise at its peak.中國(guó)古代四大藝術(shù)中的“畫(huà)”特指國(guó)畫(huà)。其繪畫(huà)形式是用毛筆蘸墨、顏料作畫(huà)于絹或宣紙之上，古代稱(chēng)之為水墨丹青(inkpainting)。為區(qū)別于西方的油畫(huà)而稱(chēng)之為中國(guó)畫(huà)，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“國(guó)畫(huà)”。其題材有人物、山水、花鳥(niǎo)等。技法可分為工筆(fine brushwork)和寫(xiě)意(freehand brushwork)。國(guó)畫(huà)的藝術(shù)特質(zhì)在于“筆墨”，強(qiáng)調(diào)以形寫(xiě)神，畫(huà)盡意在。國(guó)畫(huà)在藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作上反映了中華民族的審美意識(shí)和情趣。

Painting in the four art forms in ancient China particularly refers to traditional Chinese painting.Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush dipped into black or colored ink and is painted on spun silk or xuan paper.In ancient China, it was called inkpainting.In order to distinguish it from Western oilpaintings, the Chinese people term their works “Chinese painting”, short for traditional Chinese painting.The subject matters of Chinese paintings are typically figures, landscapes, birds and flowers.The drawing skills and techniques employed by the Chinese painters can be divided into two forms: fine brushwork and freehand brushwork.The artistic characteristics of Chinese painting lie in “the writing brush and ink”.Chinese painting emphasizes using the shape to convey the feelings of the painter.Even though a painting is a finished product, it endlessly conveys a meaning.In terms of the artistic creation, Chinese painting is a reflection of the aesthetic consciousness and artistic sentiment of the Chinese people.16 瓷器(porcelain)是中國(guó)最為重要的手工藝品之一。中國(guó)瓷器有3 500多年的歷史，明清時(shí)期尤其繁榮。瓷器不僅可以用作日常餐具(dinnerware)、花瓶等，精美的瓷器更是常常被人們用來(lái)裝飾家居。作為高檔藝術(shù)品的象征，真品瓷器常常具有極高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，因此，常被很多人視為珍藏品。中國(guó)瓷器受到各國(guó)人民的歡迎，經(jīng)常被用作表達(dá)中外友誼的禮物。Porcelains are one of Chinas most important handicrafts.Chinese porcelains have a history of more than 3 500 years, their most prosperous period being Ming and Qing Dynasties.Porcelains can be used as daily dinnerware and vases, and delicate porcelains are even commonly used for home decorations by people.As the symbols of highend works of art, authentic porcelains are often of extremely high artistic and economic value and therefore they are often regarded as precious collections by many people.Chinese porcelains are popular with people around the world, and they are often used as presents for expressing friendship between Chinese and foreign people.17 酒是中國(guó)人生活中的重要飲品之一。中國(guó)制酒源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，享譽(yù)中外。在中國(guó)最具有代表性的酒莫過(guò)于白酒(liquor)了，從某種角度上來(lái)說(shuō)，中國(guó)的酒文化就是白酒文化。酒在中國(guó)人眼里更多的是一種交際的工具。酒在中國(guó)人生活中占有重要的位置，滲透于(permeate)整個(gè)中華五千年的文明史中，包括文學(xué)創(chuàng)作、娛樂(lè)、烹飪、養(yǎng)生保健等各方面。

Alcohol is one of the important drinks in Chinese peoples life.Chinese alcoholmaking has a long history and has been renowned at home and abroad.In China, no alcohol is more representative than Chinese liquor and at some point, Chinese alcohol culture is Chinese liquor culture.Alcohol is more of a communication tool in Chinese peoples eyes.Alcohol has permeated 5 000 years civilization of the whole Chinese history, which plays an important role in every aspect of Chinese peoples life, from literary creation and entertainment to cooking and health preservation.18 11月11日由四個(gè)1構(gòu)成，因此每年此日就是光棍節(jié)(Singles Day)。20世紀(jì)90年代，南京眾多大學(xué)首先開(kāi)始慶祝光棍節(jié)。正如其名，這個(gè)新節(jié)日是專(zhuān)門(mén)為單身人士設(shè)立的。近年來(lái)，中國(guó)成為世界上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶(hù)最多的國(guó)家，而單身人士是網(wǎng)購(gòu)的主力軍(main force)，許多電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)(platform)就在光棍節(jié)當(dāng)天開(kāi)展促銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)以吸引中國(guó)不計(jì)其數(shù)的單身人士前來(lái)購(gòu)物。目前，光棍節(jié)已成為中國(guó)人瘋狂網(wǎng)購(gòu)的日子。

Singles Day falls on every November 11th because the date is comprised of four “ones”.It was initially celebrated at many universities in Nanjing during the 1990s.As the name indicates, this new holiday is one exclusively for people who are still living a single life.In recent years, as China has become a country with the worlds biggest population of Internet users and the single people are the main force of Chinas online spending power, many ecommerce platforms launch promotion campaigns on the day in order to attract countless single people around China to their websites.Singles Day has become a day of crazy online shopping among the Chinese now.19 隨著城市化(urbanization)進(jìn)程的加快，越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)民工(migrant worker)在城市里安頓下來(lái)。他們把子女接到城里來(lái)，希望孩子能接受到更好的教育。然而，這些農(nóng)民工發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)并不像他們預(yù)期的那么美好。城市公立學(xué)校的設(shè)施和師資遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿(mǎn)足大批農(nóng)民工子女的需求。幸運(yùn)的是，農(nóng)民工子女的教育已成為政府議事日程上優(yōu)先處理的問(wèn)題。

With the acceleration of urbanization, an increasing number of migrant workers settle down in the cities.They bring their children along with them to the cities, with the hope of their children receiving better education.However, the migrants find the reality is not as promising as theyve expected.The facilities and faculties in the urban public schools are far from enough to meet the needs of the big group of migrant children.Luckily, the education problem of the migrant children has become a priority on the governments agenda.20 杭州市擁有世界上最大的公用自行車(chē)系統(tǒng)(bike sharing system)。目前杭州市共有2 700個(gè)公用自行車(chē)租賃站點(diǎn)，共計(jì)66 500輛車(chē)。計(jì)劃至2020年，公共自行車(chē)的數(shù)量將增至175 000輛。租用自行車(chē)需要智能卡(smart card)，可在任意站點(diǎn)租車(chē)、在任意站點(diǎn)還車(chē)。租車(chē)騎行1小時(shí)內(nèi)免費(fèi)，1小時(shí)以上則按每小時(shí)1元收費(fèi)。公用自行車(chē)系統(tǒng)對(duì)緩解杭州市的交通擁堵(congestion)起到了很大的作用。

With 66 500 bikes in 2 700 renting stations in the city now, Hangzhou owns the largest bike sharing system in the world.It plans to increase to 175 000 bikes by 2020.For renting a bike, one needs a smart card.One can rent a bike and return it at any station.Bike users can ride for free for the first hour and pay 1 yuan per hour for the extra time.The system is of great help to relieve the traffic congestion in Hangzhou city.