第一篇：美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)克林頓感恩節(jié)英語(yǔ)演講稿

美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)克林頓感恩節(jié)英語(yǔ)演講稿

1998 US Presidential Thanksgiving Proclamation

Thanksgiving Day is one of America's most beloved and widely celebrated holidays.Whether

descendants of the original colonists or new citizens, Americans join with family and friends to give thanks to a provident God for the blessings of freedom, peace, and plenty.We are a Nation of people who have come from many countries, cultures, and creeds.The colonial Thanksgiving at Plymouth in 1621, when the Pilgrims of the Old World mingled in fellowship and

celebration with the American Indians of the New World, foreshadowed the challenge and opportunity that such diversity has always offered us: to live together in peace with respect and appreciation for our differences and to draw on one another's strengths in the work of building a great and unified Nation.And so at Thanksgiving we must also remember to be thankful for the many contributions each

generation of Americans has made to preserve our blessings.We are thankful for the brave patriots who have fought and died to defend our freedom and uphold our belief in human dignity.We are thankful for the men and women who have worked this land throughout the decades, from the stony farms of New England to the broad wheat fields of the Great Plains to the fertile vineyards of California, sharing our country's bounty with their fellow Americans and people around the world.We are thankful for the leaders and visionaries who have challenged us through the years to fulfill America's promise for all our people, to make real in our society our fundamental ideals of freedom, equality, and justice.We are thankful for the countless quiet heroes and heroines who work hard each day, raise their families with love and care, and still find time and energy to make their communities better places in which to live.Each of us has reason to be proud of our part in building America, and each of us has reason to be grateful to our fellow Americans for the success of these efforts.Now, therefore, I, William J.Clinton, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim Thursday, November 26, 1998, as a National Day of Thanksgiving.I encourage all the people of the United States to assemble

in their homes, places of worship, or community centers to share the spirit of goodwill and prayer;to express heartfelt thanks to God for the many blessings He has bestowed upon us;and to reach out in true gratitude and friendship to our brothers and sisters across this land who, together, comprise our great American family.In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 17th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1998, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-third.

第二篇：美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)克林頓夫人-希拉里精彩演講匯總

希拉里退出競(jìng)選

演講稿節(jié)選:

So I want to say to my supporters: When you hear people saying or think to yourself, “If only, or, ”What if," I say, please, don't go there.我要告訴我的支持者：如果你聽(tīng)到別人說(shuō)，或者你自己曾經(jīng)這樣想，“如果某件事沒(méi)有發(fā)生”，或者“要是出現(xiàn)了另一種情況”……那么我會(huì)說(shuō)，請(qǐng)不要這樣設(shè)想。

Every moment wasted looking back keeps us from moving forward.Life is too short, time is too precious, and the stakes are too high to dwell on what might have been.We have to work together for what still can be.And that is why I will work my heart out to make sure that Senator Obama is our next president.為往事嘆息，會(huì)阻礙我們前進(jìn)。生命短暫，時(shí)間寶貴，沉湎于空想的代價(jià)實(shí)在太大。面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，我們必須團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)。這就是我全力支持奧巴馬參議員當(dāng)選下一任總統(tǒng)的原因。她對(duì)自己參選的意義，總結(jié)得非常漂亮。

When we first started, people everywhere asked the same questions.Could a woman really serve as commander-in-chief? Well, I think we answered that one.當(dāng)選舉剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，到處都有人在問(wèn)：一個(gè)女人真的能夠領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國(guó)家嗎？我想，我們已經(jīng)對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題做出了回答。

As we gather here today in this historic, magnificent building, the 50th woman to leave this Earth is orbiting overhead.If we can blast 50 women into space, we will someday launch a woman into the White House.當(dāng)我們今天在這里集會(huì)的時(shí)候，第50位婦女正在我們的頭頂，繞地球飛行。如果我們能夠?qū)?0個(gè)婦女送入太空，那么總有一天，我們也會(huì)將一個(gè)婦女送入白宮。

Although we weren't able to shatter that highest, hardest glass ceiling this time, thanks to you, it's got about 18 million cracks in it...雖然這一次，我們無(wú)法打破那最高、最堅(jiān)硬的玻璃天花板，但是由于你們，它出現(xiàn)了1800萬(wàn)道裂縫……

...and the light is shining through like never before, filling us all with the hope and the sure knowledge that the path will be a little easier next time.光明從未像現(xiàn)在這樣明亮，讓我們充滿(mǎn)希望，確信下一次這條道路將變得更容易一些。希拉里對(duì)奧巴馬贊美之詞，簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)以復(fù)加。誰(shuí)能想到幾個(gè)星期前，兩人還在互相攻擊。希拉里對(duì)著電視公開(kāi)說(shuō)“Shame on you, Barack Obama”。不能不讓人感嘆政治家的靈活。

The way to continue our fight now, to accomplish the goals for which we stand is to take our energy, our passion, our strength, and do all we can to help elect Barack Obama, the next president of the United States.我們的戰(zhàn)斗還將繼續(xù)，我們的目標(biāo)還沒(méi)有完成，讓我們繼續(xù)用我們的能力、我們的熱情、我們的力量、我們能做的一切，幫助巴拉克·奧巴馬，讓他成為美國(guó)的下一任總統(tǒng)。

Today, as I suspend my campaign, I congratulate him on the victory he has won and the extraordinary race he has run.I endorse him and throw my full support behind him.今天，當(dāng)我停止自己的競(jìng)選活動(dòng)，我向他祝賀勝利，為他的優(yōu)異表現(xiàn)喝彩。我完全支持他，我將盡全力支持他。And I ask all of you to join me in working as hard for Barack Obama as you have for me.我要求你們所有人加入我，像支持我那樣地，全力支持巴拉克·奧巴馬。

I have stood on the stage and gone toe-to-toe with him in 22 debates.I've had a front-row seat to his candidacy, and I have seen his strength and determination, his grace and his grit.我在競(jìng)選中，曾經(jīng)同他面對(duì)面辯論了22次。我對(duì)他很了解，我親眼看到了他的力量和決心，他的優(yōu)雅和勇氣。

希拉里的結(jié)束詞堪稱(chēng)經(jīng)典。

Now, being human, we are imperfect.That's why we need each other, to catch each other when we falter, to encourage each other when we lose heart.Some may lead, some may follow, but none of us can go it alone.作為人類(lèi)，我們沒(méi)有人是完美無(wú)缺的。這就是為什么我們彼此需要。當(dāng)?shù)沟臅r(shí)候，我們彼此扶持。當(dāng)灰心的時(shí)候，我們互相鼓勵(lì)。一些人會(huì)成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，另一些人將緊緊跟隨，但是沒(méi)有人能夠獨(dú)自完成這一切。

競(jìng)選紐約參議員的演講

NEW YORK SENATE RACE SPEECH

By HILARY CLINTON You know, you know, we started this great effort on a sunny July morning in Pinders Corner on Pat and Liz Moynihan's beautiful farm and 62 counties, 16 months, 3 debates, 2 opponents, and 6 black pantsuits later, because of you, here we are。

You came out and said that issues and ideals matter, jobs matter, downstate and upstate, health care matters, education matters, the environment matters, social security matters, a woman's right to choose matters.It all matters and I just want to say from the bottom of my heart, thank you, New York!Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts, for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation.I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you.I willabout overcrowded or crumbling schools, about the struggle to care for growing children and aging parents, about the continuing challenge of providing equal opportunity for all and about children moving away from their home towns because good jobs are so hard to find in upstate New York.Now I've worked on issues like these for a long time, some of them for 30 years, and I am determined to make a difference for all of you.You see, I believe our nation owes every responsible citizen and every responsible family the tools that they need to make the most of their own lives.That's the basic bargain.I'll do my best to honor in the United States Senate.And to those of you who did not support me, I want you to know that I will work in the Senate for you and for all New Yorkers.And to those of you who worked so hard and never lost faith even in the toughest times, I offer you my undying gratitude.競(jìng)選紐約參議員的演講

希拉里.克林頓大家知道，我們是在七月的一個(gè)陽(yáng)光燦爛的早上，從帕特和麗茲·莫伊尼漢的美麗農(nóng)場(chǎng)的賓德角開(kāi)始邁出了這艱難的一步，然后輾轉(zhuǎn)六十二個(gè)縣，歷經(jīng)過(guò)十六個(gè)月、三場(chǎng)辯論，打敗了兩個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，穿破六套黑色便服。終于在你們的支持下，我們站在了這里。

你們說(shuō)的這些事情和觀念非常重要--全州的就業(yè)問(wèn)題是重要的，保健是重要的，教育是重要的，環(huán)境是重要的，社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)是重要的，還有婦女選擇權(quán)是重要的。這些全都重要，而我只想衷心道一聲：謝謝你，紐約！

感謝你們敞開(kāi)心扉，感謝你們看到了這可能性--我們將一起為后代、為我們紐約以至全國(guó)的將來(lái)而共同努力。我對(duì)你們每個(gè)人都深懷謝意，感謝你們給了我一個(gè)為大家服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。

我將以參議員丹尼爾·帕特里克·莫伊尼漢為榜樣，盡自己最大的努力不負(fù)眾望。我希望你們每個(gè)人、諸位紐約市民和美國(guó)觀眾，和我一起共同感謝他這50年來(lái)為紐約和美國(guó)做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。莫伊尼漢議員：我代表紐約和美國(guó)，感謝你。

今晚我發(fā)誓，我將跨越兩黨的界限為全紐約的家庭創(chuàng)造繁榮進(jìn)步。今天，我們是作為民主黨人和共和黨人來(lái)投票選舉；明天，我們將作為紐約人重新開(kāi)始。

能生活在我國(guó)最豐富多彩、最生氣勃勃的一個(gè)州，我們是多么的幸運(yùn)。大家知道，從布朗克斯以南到紐約最南端，從布魯克林到布法羅，從蒙特哥到麥錫納，從世界最高的摩天大樓到令人嘆為觀止的山脈，我遇見(jiàn)了一些人，他們的容貌和故事，我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記。六十二個(gè)縣的成千上萬(wàn)的紐約人把我迎進(jìn)了你們的學(xué)校、你們的風(fēng)味小餐館、你們的工廠、你們的起居室和前廊。你們教導(dǎo)著我，你們測(cè)試著我，你們把面臨的難題和關(guān)心的問(wèn)題告訴我--學(xué)校的擁擠和喧鬧，養(yǎng)育孩子和贍養(yǎng)年邁雙親的艱辛，尋求人人同等待遇的挑戰(zhàn)，還有在紐約州北部地區(qū)因?yàn)榫蜆I(yè)機(jī)會(huì)難尋，孩子們都離開(kāi)故鄉(xiāng)、移往他處的問(wèn)題。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，我一直在為這些問(wèn)題而奔忙，有些問(wèn)題甚至已經(jīng)忙了有30年，我決心讓這些問(wèn)題得到改觀。

大家知道，我們國(guó)家有義務(wù)讓每個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的公民和家庭的生活更上一層樓。這是最起碼的，作為一名參議員，我將盡自己最大的努力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)它。

對(duì)于那些在過(guò)去沒(méi)有支持我的人們，我想告訴你們，我將在參議院為你們、為全體紐約人而工作。對(duì)于那些勤奮工作、甚至在最艱難的時(shí)期也不放棄信念的人們，我永遠(yuǎn)感謝你們。英文原稿

You know, you know, we started this great effort on a sunny July morning in Pindars Corner on Pat and Liz Moynihan’s beautiful farm and 62 counties, 16 months, 3 debates, 2 opponents, and 6 black 3)pantsuits later, because of you, here we are.You came out and said that issues and ideals matter.Jobs matter, downstate and upstate.Health care matters, education matters, the environment matters, Social Security matters, a woman’s right to choose matters.It all matters and I just want to say from the bottom of my heart, thank you, New York!

Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts, for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation.I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you.I will, I will do everything I can to be worthy of your faith and trust and to honor the powerful example of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan.I would like all of you and the countless New Yorkers and Americans watching to join me in honoring him for his 4)incredible half century of service to New York and our nation.Senator Moynihan, on behalf of New York and America, thank you.I promise you tonight that I will reach across party lines to bring progress for all of New York’s families.Today we voted as Democrats and Republicans.Tomorrow we begin again as New Yorkers.And how fortunate we are indeed to live in the most 5)diverse, 6)dynamic and beautiful state in the entire union.You know, from the South Bronx to the Southern Tier, from Brooklyn to Buffalo, from Montauk to Massena, from the 7)world’s tallest skyscrapers to breathtaking mountain ranges, I’ve met people whose faces and stories I will never forget.Thousands of New Yorkers from all 62 counties welcomed me into your schools, your local 8)diners, your factory floors, your living rooms and front 9)porches.You taught me, you tested me and you shared with me your challenges and concerns-about overcrowded or crumbling schools, about the struggle to care for growing children and aging parents, about the continuing challenge of providing equal opportunity for all and about children moving away from their home towns because good jobs are so hard to find in upstate New York.Now I’ve worked on issues like these for a long time, some of them for 30 years, and I am determined to make a difference for all of you.You see, I believe our nation 10)owes every responsible citizen and every responsible family the tools that they need to make the most of their own lives.That’s the basic bargain.I’ll do my best to honor in the United States Senate.And to those of you who did not support me, I want you to know that I will work in the Senate for you and for all New Yorkers.And to those of you who worked so hard and never lost faith even in the toughest times, I offer you my 11)undying gratitude.中文翻譯：

大家知道，我們是在七月的一個(gè)陽(yáng)光燦爛的早上，從帕特和麗茲·莫伊尼漢夫婦位于頻德角的美麗農(nóng)場(chǎng)開(kāi)始邁出了這艱難的一步，然后輾轉(zhuǎn)六十二個(gè)縣，歷經(jīng)過(guò)十六個(gè)月、三場(chǎng)辯論，打敗了兩個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，穿破六套黑色便服。如今，在你們的支持下，我們終于勝利了。

你們說(shuō)，各項(xiàng)議題和觀念非常重要--全州的就業(yè)問(wèn)題是重要的，醫(yī)療保健是重要的，教育是重要的，環(huán)境是重要的，社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)是重要的，還有婦女選擇權(quán)是重要的。這些全都重要，而我只想衷心道一聲：謝謝你，紐約！

感謝你們開(kāi)放思想，不存成見(jiàn)，感謝你們相信我們攜手為子孫后代、為我州，以至全國(guó)的未來(lái)而共同努力的美好前景。我對(duì)你們每個(gè)人都深懷謝意，感謝你們給了我一個(gè)為大家服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。

我將以參議員丹尼爾·帕特里克·莫伊尼漢為榜樣，盡自己最大的努力不負(fù)眾望。我懇請(qǐng)你們所有人、諸位正在收看直播的紐約市民和美國(guó)人民，同我一起向他致敬，感謝他這半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)為紐約和美國(guó)做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。莫伊尼漢議員：我代表紐約和美國(guó)人民，感謝你。

今晚我發(fā)誓，我將跨越兩黨的界線(xiàn)為全紐約州的所有家庭創(chuàng)造繁榮與進(jìn)步。今天，我們以民主黨人和共和黨人的身份投票；明天，我們將作為紐約人重新開(kāi)始。

能生活在我國(guó)多元文化最豐富多彩、最生氣勃勃、最美麗的一個(gè)州，我們是多么的幸運(yùn)。大家知道，從南布朗克斯到紐約最南端，從布魯克林到布法羅，從蒙特哥到馬塞納，從世界上最高的摩天大樓到令人嘆為觀止的綿延山脈，我認(rèn)識(shí)了不少人，我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記他們的容貌和故事。紐約六十二個(gè)縣成千上萬(wàn)的紐約人把我迎進(jìn)了你們的學(xué)校、你們的風(fēng)味小餐館、你們的車(chē)間、你們的起居室和前廊。你們教導(dǎo)著我，你們考驗(yàn)著我，你們把面臨的難題和關(guān)心的問(wèn)題告訴我--擁擠的校園和破舊的校舍，養(yǎng)育孩子和贍養(yǎng)年邁雙親的艱辛，尋求人人同等待遇的挑戰(zhàn)，還有在紐約州北部地區(qū)因?yàn)榫蜆I(yè)機(jī)會(huì)難尋，孩子們都離開(kāi)故鄉(xiāng)、移往他處的問(wèn)題。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，我一直在為這些問(wèn)題奔忙，有些問(wèn)題甚至我已經(jīng)為之奮斗了30年之久，我決心讓這些問(wèn)題得到改觀。

大家知道，我們國(guó)家有義務(wù)讓每個(gè)有責(zé)任感的公民和家庭的生活更上一層樓。這是最起碼的，作為一名參議員，我將盡自己最大的努力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)它。

對(duì)于那些在過(guò)去沒(méi)有支持我的人們，我想告訴你們，我將在參議院為你們、為全體紐約人而工作。對(duì)于那些勤奮工作、甚至在最艱難的時(shí)期也不放棄信念的人們，我永遠(yuǎn)感謝你們。

注釋?zhuān)?/p>

1、紐約州在美國(guó)東北部，紐約市是美國(guó)第一大城市和最大的海港，也是美國(guó)人口最多的城市。美國(guó)的立法機(jī)構(gòu)——美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)（United States Congress）包括眾議院（House of Representatives）和參議院（Senate）。美國(guó)議員選舉實(shí)行直接選舉制，參議員由各州選民直接選舉，每個(gè)州可選出兩名國(guó)會(huì)參議員，每個(gè)參議員任期為六年。

2、county [5kaunti] n.縣（請(qǐng)注意，美國(guó)的縣是比市更大一級(jí)的行政區(qū)劃單位)

3、pantsuit [5pAnsju:t] n.女褲套裝

4、incredible [in5kredbl] a.驚人的，不可思議的；難以置信的5、diverse [dai5vE:z] a.各種各樣的，相異的6、dynamic [dai5nAmik] a.有生氣的，精力充沛的

7、“The world’s tallest skyscrapers”是指位于紐約的世界最高建筑：世界貿(mào)易中心（world Trade Center）和帝國(guó)大廈（Empire State Building），“breath taking mountain ranges”是指阿巴拉契亞山脈（Appalachian Mountains）。

8、diner [5dainE] n.（路邊）小飯店，小餐館

9、porch [pC:tF] n.走廊，游廊；門(mén)廊，入口處

10、owe [Eu] vt.應(yīng)給予，對(duì)??有義務(wù)

11、undying [QndaiiN] a.不朽的，永恒的

第三篇：美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)克林頓在哈佛大學(xué)2007年畢業(yè)紀(jì)念日上的演講

June 6, 2007

Remarks of former U.S.President Bill Clinton Harvard College Class Day 2007, Harvard Yard Thank you very much, Samantha, Stephanie, Chris, all the marshals, all the student speakers.Thanks for the gags and the jokes, and you know, when I got invited to do this, it was humbling in some ways.They asked Bill Gates to be the Commencement speaker.He's got more money than I do [LAUGHTER] and he went to Harvard.And I brought my friend Glenn Hutchins here with me, who's at his 30th reunion and he had something to do with overseeing the endowment and he explained that Gates was really, really, really rich and I was just rich [LAUGHTER].And then I thought, well, the students asked me and that's good and besides, I don't have to wear a robe.But I couldn’t figure out why on what is supposed to be a festive and informal day, you would pick a gray-haired 60-year-old to speak.Following the great tradition of Al Franken, Will Ferrell [LAUGHTER], Borat or Ali G or whoever he was that day [LAUGHTER].Conan O'Brien, that Family Guy person.What a tradition.So I did like Talladega Nights, however.Then I was reading all I could find out about the class and I thought well, they don't have any fun today.They already had fun.They had this class-wide Risk tournament around exam time [LAUGHTER].And I understood when I heard the followership speech, I understood why you had that.Now you can all run for president.You played Risk.It's an eight-year Risk tournament.Then I thought well, maybe it's because you're about to name Drew Faust your next president, and I think women should run everything now [LAUGHTER].And then I figure maybe it's just because Robin Williams and Billy Crystal turned you down [LAUGHTER].But for whatever reason, we're here and I have had a really good time [LAUGHTER].You've already heard most of what you need to hear today, I think.But I want to focus for a minute on the fact that these graduating classes since 1968 have invited a few non-comedians.First was Martin Luther King [APPLAUSE], who was killed in April before.I remember that very well because it was my senior year at Georgetown.He was killed in April, before he could come and give the speech.And Coretta came and gave the speech for him here.And you’ve had Mother Teresa and you've had Bono.What do they all have in common? They are symbols of our common humanity and a rebuke even to humorists' cynicism.Martin Luther King basically said he lived the way he did because we were all caught in what he called an inescapable web of mutuality.Nelson Mandela, the world's greatest living example of that, I believe, comes from a tribe in South Africa, the Xhosa, who call it ubuntu.In English, I am because you are.That led Mother Teresa from Albania to spend her life with the poorest people on earth in Calcutta.It led Bono from his rock stage to worry about innocent babies dying of AIDS, and poor people with good minds who never got a chance to follow their dreams.This is a really fascinating time to be a college senior.I was looking at all of you, wishing I could start over again and thinking I'd let you be president if you let me be 21 [LAUGHTER].I'd take a chance on making it all over again if I could do it again.But I think, just think what an exciting time it is.All this explosion of knowledge.Just in the last couple of weeks before I came here, I read that thanks to the sequencing of the human genome, the ongoing research has identified two markers which seem to be high predictors of diabetes, which, as you heard, is a very important thing to me because it's now predicted that one in three children born in the United States in this decade will develop diabetes.We run the risk that we could be raising a first generation of kids to live shorter lives than their parents.Not because we're hungry, but because we don't eat the right things and we don't exercise.But this is a big deal.Then right after that, I saw that through our powerful telescopes we have identified a planet orbiting one of the hundred stars closest to our solar system, that appears to have the atmospheric conditions so similar to ours that life could actually be possible there.Alas, even though it's close to us in terms of the great universe, it's still 20 million light-years away.Unreachable in the lifetime of any young person.So unless there's a budding astrophysicist in the class that wants to get married in a hurry and then commit three generations and take another couple with him, we'll have to wait for them to come to us.It's an exciting time.It's also exciting because of all the diversity.If you look around this audience, I was thinking, I wonder how different this crowd would have looked if someone like me had been giving this speech 30 years ago.And how much more interesting it is for all of us.It’s a frustrating time, because for all the opportunity, there’s a lot of inequality.There’s a lot of insecurity and there’s a lot of instability and unsustainability.Half the world’s people still live on less than two bucks a day.A billion on less than a dollar a day.A billion people go to bed hungry tonight.A billion people won’t get a clean glass of water today or any day in their lives.One in four of all the people who die this year will die from AIDS, TB, malaria and infections related to dirty water.Nobody in America dies of any of that except people whose AIDS medicine doesn’t work anymore, or people who decline to follow the prescribed regime.In the United States in the last decade, we have had six years of economic growth, an all-time high in the stock market, a 40-year high in corporate profits.Workers are doing better every year with productivity, but median wages are stagnant.And there’s actually been in all this so-called recovery a 4 percent increase in the percentage of people working full-time falling below the poverty line, and a 4 percent increase in the percentage of people working, who with their families, have lost their health insurance.It’s an unequal time.It’s an uncertain, insecure time because we’re all vulnerable to terror, to weapons of mass destruction, to global pandemics like avian influenza.We all make fun of the modern media and culture all the time, but I thought it was interesting in my little house in Chappaqua, where I stay home alone rooting for the candidate [LAUGHTER], I watch the evening news in the last few months, and it’s interesting.Somehow, clawing its way through the stories of the latest crime endeavor in our neighborhood and whether Britney Spears’ hair has grown out or not, I have learned that there were chickens in Romania, India and Indonesia identified with avian influenza and that every chicken within three square miles, those unfortunate ones, was eradicated.On the evening news, competing with Britney Spears and crime.Why? That’s a good thing because of the shared insecurity we feel.You all saw it this week in all of the stories about the terrorist attack being thwarted in Kennedy airport.Now remember a few months ago, everybody I knew was shaking their head when we found out that there was a plot in London to put explosive chemicals in a baby bottle to make it look like formula to evade the airport inspection.And every time I ask somebody, I said did you feel a chill go up and down your spine, they said yeah, they did.Because they can imagine being on the airplane, or in my case, I could imagine my daughter, who has to travel a lot on her job, being on the airplane.But here’s what I want to tell you about that.The inequality is fixable and the insecurity is manageable.We’re going to really have to go some in the 21st century to see political violence claim as many innocent lives as it did in the 20th century.Keep in mind you had what, 12 million people killed in World War I, somewhere between 15 and 20 million in World War II, six million in the Holocaust, six million Jews, three million others.Twenty million in the political purges in the former Soviet Union between the two world wars and one afterward.Two million in Cambodia alone.Millions in tribal wars in Africa.An untold but large number in the Chinese Cultural Revolution.I mean, we’re going to have to really get after it, if you expect your generation to claim as many innocents from political violence as was claimed in the 20th century.The difference is you think it could be you this time.Because of the interdependence of the world.So yes, it’s insecure but it’s manageable.It’s also an unsustainable world because of climate change, resource depletion, and the fact that between now and 2050, the world’s supposed to grow from six and a half to nine billion people, with most of the growth in the countries least able to handle it, under today’s conditions, never mind those.That’s all fixable, too.So is climate change a problem? Is resource depletion a problem? Is poverty and the fact that 130 million kids never go to school and all this disease that I work on a problem? You bet it is.But I believe the most important problem is the way people think about it and each other, and themselves.The world is awash today in political, religious, almost psychological conflicts, which require us to divide up and demonize people who aren’t us.And every one of them in one way or the other is premised on a very simple idea.That our differences are more important than our common humanity.I would argue that Mother Teresa was asked here, Bono was asked here, and Martin Luther King was asked here because this class believed that they were people who thought our common humanity was more important than our differences [APPLAUSE].So with this Harvard degree and your incredible minds and your spirits that I’ve gotten a little sense of today, this gives you virtually limitless possibilities.But you have to decide how to think about all this and what to do with your own life in terms of what you really think.I hope that you will share Martin Luther King’s dream, embrace Mandela’s spirit of reconciliation, support Bono’s concern for the poor and follow Mother Teresa’s life into some active service.Ordinary people have more power to do public good than ever before because of the rise of non-governmental organizations, because of the global media culture, because of the Internet, which gives people of modest means the power, if they all agree, to change the world.When former President Bush and I were asked to work on the tsunami, before we did the Katrina work, Americans, many of whom could not find the Maldives or Sri Lanka on a map, gave $1.2 billion to tsunami aid.Thirty percent of our households gave.Half of them gave over the Internet, which means you don’t even have to be rich to change the world if enough people agree with you.But we have to do this.Citizen service is a tradition in our country about as old as Harvard, and certainly older than the government.Benjamin Franklin organized the first volunteer fire department in Philadelphia 40 years before the Constitution was ratified.When de Tocqueville came here in 1835, he talked among other things about how he was amazed that Americans just were always willing to step up and do something, not wait for someone else to do it.Now we have in America a 1,010,000 non-governmental groups.Not counting 355,000 religious groups, most of whom are involved in some sort of work to help other people.India has a million registered, over a half a million active.China has 280,000 registered and twice that many not registered because they don’t want to be confined.Russia has 400,000, so many that President Putin is trying to restrict them.I wish he wouldn’t do that, but it’s a high-class problem.There were no NGOs in Russia or China when I became president in 1993.All over the world we have people who know that they can do things to change, but again, I will say to all of you, there is no challenge we face, no barrier to having your grandchildren here on this beautiful site 50 years from now, more profound than the ideological and emotional divide which continues to demean our common life and undermine our ability to solve our common problems.The simple idea that our differences are more important than our common humanity.When the human genome was sequenced, and the most interesting thing to me as a non-scientist – we finished it in my last year I was president, I really rode herd on this thing and kept throwing more money at it – the most interesting thing to me was the discovery that human beings with their three billion genomes are 99.9 percent identical genetically.So if you look around this vast crowd today, at the military caps and the baseball caps and the cowboy hats and the turbans, if you look at all the different colors of skin, all the heights, all the widths, all the everything, it’s all rooted in one-tenth of one percent of our genetic make-up.Don’t you think it’s interesting that not just people you find appalling, but all the rest of us, spend 90 percent of our lives thinking about that one-tenth of one percent? I mean, don’t we all? How much of the laugh lines in the speeches were about that? At least I didn’t go to Yale, right? [LAUGHTER] That Brown gag was hilarious.[LAUGHTER] But it’s all the same deal, isn’t it? I mean, the intellectual premise is that the only thing that really matters about our lives are the distinctions we can draw.Indeed, one of the crassest elements of modern culture, all these sort of talk shows, and even a lot of political journalism that's sort of focused on this shallow judgmentalism.They try to define everybody down by the worst moment in their lives, and it all is about well, no matter whatever’s wrong with me, I’m not that.And yet, you ask Martin Luther King, Mother Teresa and Bono to come here.Nelson Mandela’s the most admired person in the world.I got tickled the other night.I wound up in a restaurant in New York with a bunch of friends of mine.And I looked over and two tables away, and there was Rush Limbaugh [LAUGHTER], who’s said a few mad things about me.So I went up and shook hands with him and said hello and met his dinner guest.And I came just that close to telling him we were 99.9 percent the same.[LAUGHTER] But I didn’t want to ruin the poor man’s dessert, so I let it go.[LAUGHTER] Now we’re laughing about this but next month, I’m making my annual trek to Africa to see the work of my AIDS and development project, and to celebrate with Nelson Mandela his birthday.He’s 89.Don’t know how many more he’ll have.And when I think that I might be 99.9 percent the same as him, I can’t even fathom it.So I say that to you, do we have all these other problems? Is Darfur a tragedy? Do I wish America would adopt sensible climate change regulation? Do I hate the fact that ideologues in the government doctored scientific reports? Do I disagree with a thousand things that are going on? Absolutely.But it all flows from the idea that we can violate elemental standards of learning and knowledge and reason and even the humanity of our fellow human beings because our differences matter more.That’s what makes you worship power over purpose.Our differences matter more.One of the greatest things that’s happened in the last few years is doing all this work with former President Bush.You know, I ought to be doing this.I’m healthy and not totally antiquated.He’s 82 years old, still jumping out of airplanes and still doing stuff like this.And I love the guy.I’m sorry for all the diehard Democrats in the audience.I just do.[LAUGHTER] And life is all about seeing things new every day.And I’ll just close with two stories, one from Asia, one from Africa.And I’m telling you all the details don’t matter as much as this.After George Bush and I did the tsunami, we got so into this disaster work that Kofi Annan asked him to oversee the UN’s efforts in Pakistan after the earthquake, which you acknowledged today, and asked me to stay on as the tsunami coordinator for two years.So on my next to last trip to Aceh in Indonesia, the by far the hardest hit place, a quarter of a million people killed.I went to one of these refugee camps where in the sweltering heat, several thousand people were still living in tents.Highly uncomfortable.And my job was to go there and basically listen to them complain and figure out what to do about it, and how to get them out of there more quickly.So every one of these camps elected a camp leader and when I appeared, I was introduced to my young interpreter, a young Indonesian woman, and to the guy who was the camp leader, and his wife and his son.And they smiled, said hello, and then I looked down at this little boy, and I literally could not breathe.I think he’s the most beautiful child I ever saw.And I said to my young interpreter, I said, I believe that’s the most beautiful boy I ever saw in my life.She said, yes, he’s very beautiful and before the tsunami he had nine brothers and sisters.And now they’re all gone.So the wife and the son excused themselves.And the father who had lost his nine children proceeded to take me on a two-hour tour of this camp.He had a smile on his face.He never talked about anything but what the people in that camp needed.He gave no hint of what had happened to him and the grief that he bore.We get to the end of the tour.It’s the health clinic in the camp.I look up and there is his wife, a mother who had lost nine of her 10 children, holding a little bitty baby less than a week old, the newest born baby in the camp.And she told me, I’m going to get in trouble for telling this.She told me that in Indonesian culture, when a woman has a baby, she gets to go to bed for 40 days and everyone waits on her hand and foot.[LAUGHTER] She doesn’t get up, nothing happens.And then on the 40th day, the mother gets up out of bed, goes back to work doing her life and they name the baby.So this child was less than a week old.So this mother who had lost her nine children is here holding this baby.And she says to me, this is our newest born baby.And we want you to name him.Little boy.So I looked at her and I said through my interpreter, I said, do you have a name for new beginning? And she explained and the woman said something back and the interpreter said yes, luckily for you, in Indonesian the word for dawn is a boy’s name.And the mother just said to me, we will call this child Dawn and he will symbolize our new beginning.You shouldn’t have to meet people that lose nine of their 10 children, cherish the one they got left, and name a newborn baby Dawn to realize that what we have in common is more important than what divides us.[APPLAUSE] And I leave you with this thought.When Martin Luther King was invited here in 1968, the country was still awash in racism.The next decade it was awash in sexism, and after that in homophobia.And occasionally those things rear their ugly head along the way, but by and large, nobody in this class is going to carry those chains around through life.But nobody gets out for free, and everyone has temptations.The great temptation for all of you is to believe that the one-tenth of one percent of you which is different and which brought you here and which can bring you great riches or whatever else you want, is really the sum of who you are and that you deserve your good fate, and others deserve their bad one.That is the trap into which you must not fall.Warren Buffett's just about to give away 99 percent of his money because he said most of it he made because of where he was born and when he was born.It was a lucky accident.And his work was rewarded in this time and place more richly than the work of teachers and police officers and nurses and doctors and people who cared for those who deserve to be cared for.So he’s just going to give it away.And still with less than one percent left, have more than he could ever spend.Because he realizes that it wasn’t all due to the one-tenth of one percent, and that his common humanity requires him to give money to those for whom it will mean much more.In the central highlands in Africa where I work, when people meet each other walking, nearly nobody rides, and people meet each other walking on the trails, and one person says hello, how are you, good morning, the answer is not I’m fine, how are you.The answer translated into English is this: I see you.Think of that.I see you.How many people do all of us pass every day that we never see? You know, we all haul out of here, somebody’s going to come in here and fold up 20-something thousand chairs.And clean off whatever mess we leave here.And get ready for tomorrow and then after tomorrow, someone will have to fix that.Many of those people feel that no one ever sees them.I would never have seen the people in Aceh in Indonesia if a terrible misfortune had not struck.And so, I leave you with that thought.Be true to the tradition of the great people who have come here.Spend as much of your time and your heart and your spirit as you possibly can thinking about the 99.9 percent.See everyone and realize that everyone needs new beginnings.Enjoy your good fortune.Enjoy your differences, but realize that our common humanity matters much, much more.God bless you and good luck.

第四篇：美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)克林頓在北京大學(xué)的演講和北大學(xué)生的提問(wèn)及其回答

美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)克林頓在北京大學(xué)的演講和北大學(xué)生的提問(wèn)及其回答

威廉姆·杰斐遜·克林頓

對(duì)北京大學(xué)師生的講話(huà) 1998年6月29日

中國(guó)北京大學(xué)

克林頓總統(tǒng)：謝謝。陳校長(zhǎng)、任書(shū)記、遲副校長(zhǎng)、韋副部長(zhǎng)，謝謝你們。今 天，我很高興率領(lǐng)一個(gè)龐大的美國(guó)代表團(tuán)來(lái)到這里，代表團(tuán)中包括第一夫人和我們的女兒，她是斯坦福大學(xué)的學(xué)生，該校是和北大具有交流關(guān)系的學(xué)校之一。此外，我們的代表團(tuán)中還包括六位美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員、國(guó)務(wù)卿、商務(wù)部長(zhǎng)、農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問(wèn)理事會(huì)理事長(zhǎng)、我國(guó)駐華大使參議員尚慕杰、國(guó)家安全顧問(wèn)和我的辦公廳主任 等。我提到這些人是為了說(shuō)明美國(guó)極為重視對(duì)華關(guān)系。在北大百年校慶之際，我首先要向你們?nèi)w師生員工、管理人員祝賀。恭喜了，北大?。ㄕ坡?。）各位知道，這個(gè)校園曾經(jīng)一度是由美國(guó)傳教士建立的燕京大學(xué)。學(xué)校許多美麗的建筑物由美國(guó)建筑師設(shè)計(jì)。成千上萬(wàn)的美國(guó)學(xué)生和教授來(lái)到北大求學(xué)和教課。我們對(duì)你們有一種特殊的親近感。我很慶幸，今天和 79 年前的一個(gè)重要的日子大不相同。1919 年 6 月，就在這里，燕京大學(xué)首任校長(zhǎng)司徒雷登（John L eighton Stuart）準(zhǔn)備發(fā)表第一個(gè)畢業(yè)典禮致辭。他準(zhǔn)時(shí)出場(chǎng)，但學(xué)生一個(gè)未到。學(xué)生們?yōu)榱苏衽d中國(guó)的政治文化，全部走上街頭領(lǐng)導(dǎo)“五四”運(yùn)動(dòng)去了。我讀到這個(gè)故事后，希望今天當(dāng)我走進(jìn)這個(gè)禮堂時(shí)，會(huì)有人坐在這里。非常感謝大家前來(lái)聽(tīng)我演講。(掌聲。)

一百年以來(lái)，北大已經(jīng)發(fā)展到兩萬(wàn)多學(xué)生。貴校的畢業(yè)生遍及中國(guó)和全世界。貴校建成了亞洲最大的大學(xué)圖書(shū)館。去年貴校有20%的畢業(yè)生去國(guó)外深造，其中包括一半的數(shù)理專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生。在這個(gè)百年校慶之年，中國(guó)、亞洲和全世界有100多萬(wàn)人 上機(jī)訪問(wèn)貴校的網(wǎng)址。在新世紀(jì)黎明之際，北大正在率領(lǐng)中國(guó)奔向未來(lái)。

你們是中國(guó)下一代的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。我今天要跟你們講的是，建立中美兩國(guó)牢固的伙伴關(guān)系，對(duì)于你們的未來(lái)至關(guān)重要。

在幾千年的歷史長(zhǎng)河中，中國(guó)為人類(lèi)文化、宗教、哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)和科技作出了貢獻(xiàn)，美國(guó)人民深深欽佩你們。我們銘記著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間兩國(guó)的牢固伙伴關(guān) 系?，F(xiàn)在我們看到，中國(guó)處于歷史性時(shí)刻：能和你們光輝燦爛的過(guò)去相提并論的，只有貴國(guó)目前氣勢(shì)磅礴的改革和更加美好的未來(lái)。

僅僅在30年前，中國(guó)還與世界隔絕。現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)參加了從航空旅行到農(nóng)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)等領(lǐng)域的1000多個(gè)國(guó)際組織。貴國(guó)為大規(guī)模貿(mào)易和投資敞開(kāi)了大門(mén)。今天有40,000多年輕的中國(guó)學(xué)生在美國(guó)留學(xué)，還有數(shù)十萬(wàn)中國(guó)學(xué)生在亞洲、非洲、歐洲和拉美國(guó)家留學(xué)。

貴國(guó)在社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的變革更為顯著，從一個(gè)封閉的指令性經(jīng)濟(jì)體制向一個(gè)日顯生機(jī)、日趨注重市場(chǎng)性的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變，產(chǎn)生了連續(xù)20年史無(wú)前例的增長(zhǎng)，賦予人民更大的自由，到國(guó)內(nèi)外旅游、進(jìn)行村委會(huì)選舉、擁有住房、選擇職業(yè)以及上更好學(xué)校。因此，貴國(guó)幫助成千上百萬(wàn)的人們擺脫了貧困。在過(guò)去的10年中人均收入翻了一番以上。大多數(shù)中國(guó)人民過(guò)上了20年前還難以想象的美好生活。

當(dāng)然，這些變化也打亂了固有的生活和工作格局，給貴國(guó)的環(huán)境造成了巨大壓力。以前，每個(gè)城市居民到國(guó)有企業(yè)就業(yè)都有保障。現(xiàn)在，你們必須到就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上去競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。以前，每個(gè)中國(guó)工人只要滿(mǎn)足北京中央計(jì)劃人員的要求，現(xiàn)在，全球性經(jīng)濟(jì)意味著人人必須跟上世界其他地區(qū)的質(zhì)量和創(chuàng)造力。對(duì)于缺乏適當(dāng)訓(xùn)練、技能和支持的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)新世界的確令人生畏。

在短期內(nèi)，一些誠(chéng)實(shí)勤快的人會(huì)失業(yè)。正如你們所見(jiàn)，過(guò)去20年的開(kāi)發(fā)模式和能源使用模式，造成了空氣污染、濫伐森林、酸雨和缺水，在環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)和醫(yī)療保健方面帶來(lái)了巨大代價(jià)。

面對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，必須制定出培訓(xùn)和社會(huì)保障的新體系，推出保護(hù)環(huán)境的新政策和新技術(shù)，以便在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)改進(jìn)環(huán)境。我對(duì)中國(guó)人民智慧、獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和開(kāi)發(fā)精神的所見(jiàn)所聞，過(guò)去幾天我和江主席和朱總理及其他人會(huì)談中的所見(jiàn)所聞，給了我信心，相信你們定能成功。

在你們建設(shè)新中國(guó)的同時(shí)，美國(guó)希望同你們建立新關(guān)系。我們要看到一個(gè)成就非凡、安全開(kāi)放的中國(guó)，和我們攜手為一個(gè)和平繁榮的世界而努力。我知道，無(wú)論在中國(guó)還是在美國(guó)，都有人懷疑兩國(guó)之間的緊密關(guān)系是否是好事。但是，世界在變化，我們面臨著種種挑戰(zhàn)，我們了解的這一切告訴我們，我們兩國(guó)攜手合作比分道揚(yáng)鑣要有利得多。

已故的鄧小平告誡我們要實(shí)事求是。新世紀(jì)來(lái)臨之際，事實(shí)顯而易見(jiàn)。我們兩國(guó)間的距離在縮短，實(shí)際上是所有國(guó)家間的距離在縮短。以前，美國(guó)的快速帆船開(kāi)到中國(guó)要花幾個(gè)月。今天，高科技使我們天涯若比鄰。從筆記本電腦到激光技術(shù)、從微芯片到兆字節(jié)儲(chǔ)存器，信息革命正在照亮人類(lèi)知識(shí)領(lǐng)域，將我們更緊密地聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)。人們只要敲一下電腦的鍵盤(pán)，觀念、信息和資金就能跨越全球，為人們創(chuàng)造財(cái)富、預(yù)防和征服疾病、加深具有不同歷史和文化背景人民之間的了解，帶來(lái)了極大的機(jī)會(huì)。

但我們也知道，更大的開(kāi)放和更快的變革也意味著，別國(guó)產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題會(huì)很快蔓延到本國(guó)境內(nèi)，如大規(guī)模毀滅性武器的擴(kuò)散、有組織的犯罪和販賣(mài)毒品的威脅、環(huán)境的惡化和嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)混亂等問(wèn)題。沒(méi)有哪個(gè)國(guó)家能避免這些問(wèn)題，沒(méi)有那個(gè)國(guó)家能獨(dú)自解決這些問(wèn)題。我們，特別是中美兩國(guó)的年輕一代必須以迎接這些共同的挑戰(zhàn)為共同的事業(yè)，共創(chuàng)一個(gè)光輝燦爛的新世紀(jì)。

二十一世紀(jì)是你們的世紀(jì)。中美兩國(guó)將面臨亞洲安全的挑戰(zhàn)。我們兩國(guó)曾在朝鮮半島為敵，現(xiàn)在我們攜手合作，為一個(gè)永久和平和無(wú)核武器的未來(lái)而努力。

世界各國(guó)正在擺脫核威脅，而在印度次大陸，印度和巴基斯坦卻甘冒挑起新一輪軍備競(jìng)賽的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。我們正在謀求一個(gè)共同的策略，以使印巴兩國(guó)停止進(jìn)一步的核試驗(yàn)，并為解決分歧進(jìn)行對(duì)話(huà)。

在二十一世紀(jì)，你們年輕一代必須承擔(dān)制止更加致命的核武器、化學(xué)武器和生物武器擴(kuò)散的重任。如果這種武器落入壞人之手或流入不適當(dāng)?shù)膱?chǎng)所，無(wú)論大小國(guó)家，其安全都會(huì)受到威脅。中美兩國(guó)日益認(rèn)識(shí)到制止這類(lèi)武器擴(kuò)散的重要性，因此我們已開(kāi)始齊心協(xié)力，控制世界上最危險(xiǎn)的武器。

在二十一世紀(jì)，你們年輕一代一定要扭轉(zhuǎn)犯罪和毒品的國(guó)際逆流。全世界有組織的犯罪分子每年從人民手中搶走的財(cái)產(chǎn)達(dá)數(shù)十億美元，破壞了人們對(duì)政府的信 任。美國(guó)人民深知毒品給學(xué)校師生和社區(qū)居民造成的破壞和絕望。中國(guó)的邊境和十幾個(gè)國(guó)家相鄰，已成了各種走私分子的通道。

去年，我和江主席請(qǐng)求中美雙方的高級(jí)執(zhí)法官員加強(qiáng)合作，打擊這些犯罪分 子，防止洗錢(qián)，防止在殘酷條件下偷運(yùn)外國(guó)人，防止偽幣破壞貨幣的信用。就在本月，我們的緝毒署在北京開(kāi)設(shè)了辦事處。不久，中國(guó)的緝毒專(zhuān)家也將在華盛頓開(kāi)展工作。

在二十一世紀(jì)，你們年輕一代的使命是必須保證今天的進(jìn)步發(fā)展不以明天為代價(jià)。中國(guó)過(guò)去 20年來(lái)的快速增長(zhǎng)以遭受毒害為代價(jià)，即貴國(guó)人民的飲用水和呼吸的空氣都已遭受污染。這種代價(jià)不僅僅體現(xiàn)在環(huán)境方面，對(duì)人民的健康也造成了嚴(yán)重的危害，而且還會(huì)阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

環(huán)境問(wèn)題正在變得日趨全球化和全國(guó)化。例如，在不久的將來(lái)，如果目前的能源使用模式不改變，中國(guó)將超過(guò)美國(guó)成為世界最大的溫室氣體的排放國(guó)。溫室氣體是全球性升溫的主要原因。如果世界各國(guó)不減少排放造成全球性升溫的氣體，下世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候就會(huì)出現(xiàn)氣候急劇變化的嚴(yán)重威脅，這將改變我們的生活和工作方 式，某些島國(guó)就會(huì)被大水淹沒(méi)，某些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)就會(huì)遭到破壞。

我們必須大力合作。經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們美國(guó)人，可以在促使經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)的同時(shí)保護(hù)環(huán)境。為了我們自己也為了世界，我們必須做到這一點(diǎn)。

我國(guó)副總統(tǒng)戈?duì)栆淹袊?guó)政府合作開(kāi)展了不少工作。在此基礎(chǔ)上，我和江主席正在一起探討方法，在中國(guó)推出美國(guó)的清潔能源技術(shù)，在促進(jìn)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)提高中國(guó)的大氣質(zhì)量。

但我還要重申—這話(huà)不在我的講稿上—在這一點(diǎn)上你們這一代還要有更多的作為。這對(duì)你們、對(duì)美國(guó)人民和世界的未來(lái)都是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須在大學(xué)里提出，因?yàn)槿绻晤I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認(rèn)為采取環(huán)保措施會(huì)導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模的失業(yè)或嚴(yán)重的貧困，他們就不愿意這樣做。事實(shí)證明環(huán)保不會(huì)造成失業(yè)和貧困。如果我們的方法得當(dāng)，人們將取得更快的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，擁有薪水更高的工作，促進(jìn)教育和科技向更高水平發(fā)展。但是，你們大學(xué)生和你們的大學(xué)，中美兩國(guó)以及全世界的人民都必須帶這個(gè)頭。（掌聲。）

在二十一世紀(jì)，你們必須承擔(dān)不分國(guó)界的國(guó)際金融系統(tǒng)的重任。當(dāng)香港和雅加達(dá)的股票市場(chǎng)下跌時(shí)，其影響再也不是局部性，而是全球性的。因此，貴國(guó)充滿(mǎn)生機(jī)的經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)同整個(gè)亞太地區(qū)恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展緊密相連。

在最近一次的金融危機(jī)中，中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移地承擔(dān)了對(duì)本地區(qū)和全世界的責(zé)任，幫助避免了又一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的貨幣貶值周期。我們必須繼續(xù)攜手合作，對(duì)付全球金融系統(tǒng)面臨的威脅以及對(duì)整個(gè)亞太地區(qū)本應(yīng)有的發(fā)展和繁榮的威脅。

在二十一世紀(jì)，你們這一代將有極大的機(jī)會(huì)，將我們科學(xué)家、醫(yī)生、工程師的各種才能結(jié)合起來(lái)，用于追求共同的發(fā)展。我們?cè)缇驮谝恍┖献黝I(lǐng)域中取得了突 破，包括從醫(yī)治脊柱對(duì)裂到預(yù)報(bào)惡劣天氣和地震等。這些突破證明，只要我們合 作，就能改變中美乃至全世界數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人的生活。擴(kuò)大我們?cè)诳萍碱I(lǐng)域的合作是我們給未來(lái)奉獻(xiàn)的厚禮之一。

在我以上列舉的每一個(gè)關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域，顯然，只要我們相互合作而不是互不往來(lái)，我們就能取得更大的成就。因此，我們應(yīng)該努力，確保雙方之間目前的建設(shè)性關(guān)系在下個(gè)世紀(jì)結(jié)出圓滿(mǎn)的協(xié)作果實(shí)。

要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們就必須更好地相互了解，了解各自的共同利益、共有的期望和真誠(chéng)的分歧。我相信大家在電視上都看到了，我和江主席星期六在聯(lián)合記者招待會(huì)上公開(kāi)直接的交流，有助于澄清和縮小我們的分歧。更為重要的是，允許人們理解、辯論和探討這些問(wèn)題，能使他們對(duì)我們建設(shè)美好的未來(lái)更加充滿(mǎn)信心。

從我居住的華盛頓特區(qū)白宮的窗口向外眺望，我們第一任總統(tǒng)喬治．華盛頓的紀(jì)念碑俯視全城。那是一座高聳的方形尖塔。在這個(gè)龐大的紀(jì)念碑旁，有一塊很小的石碑，上面刻著的碑文是：美國(guó)決不設(shè)置貴族和皇室頭銜，也不建立世襲制度。國(guó)家事務(wù)由輿論公決。

美國(guó)就是這樣建立了一個(gè)從古至今史無(wú)前例的嶄新政治體系。這是最奇妙的事物。這些話(huà)不是美國(guó)人寫(xiě)的，而出自福建省巡撫徐繼玉(Xu Jiyu)之手，并于1853年 由中國(guó)政府刻成碑文，作為禮物送給美國(guó)。

我很感激中國(guó)送的這份禮物。它道出了我們?nèi)w美國(guó)人民的心聲，即人人有生命和自由的權(quán)利、追求幸福的權(quán)利，有不受?chē)?guó)家的干涉，辯論和持不同政見(jiàn)的自 由、結(jié)社的自由和宗教信仰的自由。

這些就是220年前美國(guó)立國(guó)的核心理想。這些理想指引我們跨越美洲大陸，走向世界舞臺(tái)。這些仍然是美國(guó)人民今天珍視的理想。

正如我在和江主席舉行的記者招待會(huì)上所說(shuō)，我們美國(guó)人民正在不斷尋求實(shí)現(xiàn)這些理想。美國(guó)憲法的制定者了解，我們不可能做到盡善盡美。他們說(shuō)，美國(guó)的使命始終是要“建設(shè)一個(gè)更為完美的聯(lián)邦。”換言之，我們永遠(yuǎn)不可能盡善盡美，但我們必須不斷改進(jìn)。

每當(dāng)我們放棄不斷改進(jìn)的努力，每當(dāng)我們由于種族或宗教原因、由于是新移 民，或者由于有人持不受歡迎的意見(jiàn)，而剝奪我們?nèi)嗣竦淖杂?，我們的歷史就出現(xiàn)最黑暗的時(shí)刻。每當(dāng)我們保護(hù)持不受歡迎的意見(jiàn)者的自由，或者將大多數(shù)人享受的權(quán)利給予以前被剝奪權(quán)利的人們，從而實(shí)踐《獨(dú)立宣言》和《憲法》的諾言，而不是使其成為一紙空文，我們的歷史就出現(xiàn)最光明的時(shí)刻。

今天，我們沒(méi)有謀求將自己的見(jiàn)解強(qiáng)加于人，但我們深信，某種權(quán)利具有普遍性，它們不是美國(guó)的權(quán)利或者歐洲的權(quán)利或者是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的權(quán)利，而是所有的人們與生俱來(lái)的權(quán)利。這些權(quán)利現(xiàn)在載于《聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)宣言》。這些就是待人以尊嚴(yán)、各抒己見(jiàn)、選舉領(lǐng)袖、自由結(jié)社、自由選擇信教或不信教的權(quán)利。

《獨(dú)立宣言》的作者、我國(guó)第三任總統(tǒng)托馬斯．杰克遜在他一生的最后一封信中寫(xiě)道：“人們正在睜開(kāi)眼睛關(guān)注人權(quán)?！痹诮芸诉d寫(xiě)了這句話(huà)172年之后，我相信，人們現(xiàn)在終于睜開(kāi)眼睛關(guān)注著世界各地男男女女應(yīng)享受的人權(quán)。

過(guò)去20年以來(lái)，一個(gè)高漲的自由浪潮解放了成千上百萬(wàn)的生靈，掃除了前蘇聯(lián)和中歐那種失敗的獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治，結(jié)束了拉美國(guó)家軍事政變和內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的惡性循環(huán)，使更多的非洲人民有機(jī)會(huì)享受來(lái)之不易的獨(dú)立。從菲律賓到南朝鮮，從泰國(guó)到蒙古，自由之浪已沖到亞洲的海岸，給發(fā)展和生產(chǎn)力注入了動(dòng)力。

經(jīng)濟(jì)保障也應(yīng)該是自由的要素。這在《聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)文化權(quán)益公約》中獲得承認(rèn)。在中國(guó)，你們?yōu)榕嘤@種自由已邁出了大步，保證不遭受匱乏，并成為貴國(guó)人民的力量源泉。中國(guó)人的收入提高了，貧困現(xiàn)象減輕了；人們有了更多的選擇就業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)和外出旅游的機(jī)會(huì)，有了創(chuàng)造更好生活的機(jī)會(huì)。但真正的自由不僅僅是經(jīng)濟(jì)的自由。我們美國(guó)人民認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)不可分割的概念。

在過(guò)去的四天中，我在中國(guó)看到了自由的許多表現(xiàn)形式。我在貴國(guó)內(nèi)地的一個(gè)村莊看到民主的萌芽正在迸發(fā)。我訪問(wèn)了一個(gè)自由選舉村委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的村莊。我也看到了大哥大電話(huà)、錄象機(jī)和帶來(lái)全世界觀念、信息和圖象的傳真機(jī)。我聽(tīng)到人們抒發(fā)自己的想法，我還同當(dāng)?shù)氐娜藗円黄馂槲疫x擇的宗教信仰祈禱。在所有這些方面，我感覺(jué)到自由的微風(fēng)在吹拂。

但人們不禁要問(wèn)，我們的發(fā)展方向是什么？我們?cè)鯓酉嗷ズ献髯呱蠚v史的正確一面？貴校偉大的政治思想家之

一、胡適教授在50多年前說(shuō)過(guò)：“有些人對(duì)我說(shuō)，為了國(guó)家的自由你必須犧牲自己的個(gè)人自由。但我回答，為了個(gè)人自由而奮斗就是為了國(guó)家的自由而奮斗。為了個(gè)性而奮斗就是為了國(guó)民性而奮斗?！?/p>

我們美國(guó)人認(rèn)為胡適是對(duì)的。我們相信，并且我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，自由加強(qiáng)穩(wěn) 定，自由有助于國(guó)家的變革。

我國(guó)的一位開(kāi)國(guó)先賢本杰明．富蘭克林曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“我們的批評(píng)者是我們的朋友，因?yàn)樗麄冎赋鑫覀兊娜秉c(diǎn)?！比绻@話(huà)正確，在美國(guó)很多時(shí)候，總統(tǒng)的朋友比其他任何人都多。

(笑聲。)但確實(shí)如此。

在我們生活的世界，全球性的信息時(shí)代、不斷的改進(jìn)和變革是增加經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)和國(guó)力的必要條件。因此，讓信息、觀念和看法最自由地流通，更多地尊重不同的政治和宗教信仰，實(shí)際上將增加實(shí)力，推動(dòng)穩(wěn)定。

因此，為了貴國(guó)和世界的根本利益，中國(guó)的年輕人必須享有心靈上的自由，以便最充分地開(kāi)發(fā)自己的潛力。這是我們時(shí)代的信息，也是新的世紀(jì)和新的千年的要求。

我希望中國(guó)能更充分地贊同這個(gè)要求。盡管貴國(guó)歷史上有過(guò)輝煌的功績(jī)，我認(rèn)為，貴國(guó)最偉大的時(shí)光仍在前頭。中國(guó)不僅頂著20世紀(jì)的種種艱難險(xiǎn)阻生存了下 來(lái)，而且正在迅速向前邁進(jìn)。

其它的古老文化消亡了，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有進(jìn)行變革。中國(guó)始終顯示出變革和成長(zhǎng)的能力。你們必須重新想象新世紀(jì)的中國(guó)，你們這一代必然處于中國(guó)復(fù)興的中心。

我們即將進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)。我們所有的目光瞄向未來(lái)。即使貴國(guó)以千年計(jì)算歷史，即使美國(guó)以百年計(jì)算歷史，貴國(guó)的歷史也更加悠久。然而，今天的中國(guó)和任何一個(gè)國(guó)家一樣年輕。新世紀(jì)將是新的中國(guó)的黎明，貴國(guó)為其在歷史上的偉大而自豪，為你們進(jìn)行的事業(yè)而自豪，為明天的到來(lái)更加自豪。在新世紀(jì)中，世界可能再次轉(zhuǎn)向中國(guó)尋求她文化的活力、思想的新穎、人類(lèi)尊嚴(yán)的升華，這在中國(guó)的成就中已顯而易見(jiàn)。在新世紀(jì)中，最古老的國(guó)家有可能幫助建設(shè)一個(gè)新世界。

美國(guó)希望與貴國(guó)合作，使那個(gè)時(shí)刻成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。

感謝大家。(掌聲。)

北大學(xué)生的提問(wèn)及克林頓總統(tǒng)的回答

1問(wèn)：總統(tǒng)先生, 能夠第一個(gè)提問(wèn), 我感到很榮幸。正如您在演說(shuō)中提到的那樣, 中美兩國(guó)人民應(yīng)當(dāng)攜手并進(jìn)。在這一進(jìn)程中，最重要的是我們進(jìn)行更多的交流。

我們認(rèn)為，由于中國(guó)正在改革中實(shí)行開(kāi)放，我們對(duì)美國(guó)的文化、歷史和文學(xué)有了更好的了解，我們也從傳記中對(duì)您有了很多了解。我們也對(duì)許多任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)有了很多了解。我們也看過(guò)了《泰坦尼克號(hào)》這部電影。但是美國(guó)人民對(duì)中國(guó)人民的了解似乎不如中國(guó)人民對(duì)美國(guó)人民的了解?？赡芩麄冎皇菑膸撞棵鑼?xiě)文革或農(nóng)村生活的電影中認(rèn)識(shí)中國(guó)。

因此，我要問(wèn)的是，作為10年來(lái)第一個(gè)訪華的總統(tǒng)，您計(jì)劃做些什么事情，來(lái)加強(qiáng)我們兩國(guó)人民之間的真正了解和尊重？謝謝。

總統(tǒng)：首先，我認(rèn)為這一點(diǎn)提得很好。我來(lái)到這里的原因之一就是試圖—你們可以見(jiàn)到，新聞界有些人與我同行—我希望我的訪問(wèn)能夠幫助美國(guó)全面和平衡地認(rèn)識(shí)現(xiàn)代中國(guó)，我來(lái)到這里后，就能夠鼓勵(lì)其他人也來(lái)到這里，鼓勵(lì)其他人體驗(yàn)中國(guó)的生活。

昨天我在聽(tīng)眾中見(jiàn)到一個(gè)年輕人，他自我介紹說(shuō)他是第一個(gè)到中國(guó)攻讀法學(xué)院的美國(guó)人。因此我希望，將會(huì)有更多的美國(guó)人到這里來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，更多的美國(guó)人到這里來(lái)旅游，更多的美國(guó)人到這里來(lái)經(jīng)商。今天上午，第一夫人和國(guó)務(wù)卿參加了一個(gè)法律項(xiàng)目會(huì)議。我們正在共同進(jìn)行許多合作項(xiàng)目，幫助中國(guó)人促進(jìn)法治。這應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠促使更多的人到這里來(lái)。

我認(rèn)為你的問(wèn)題不容易回答。這就是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)努力的地方。我們需要更多的人參加，需要更多種類(lèi)的聯(lián)絡(luò)。我們?cè)谶@方面做得越多越好。

還有人提問(wèn)嗎？

2問(wèn)：總統(tǒng)先生，作為一個(gè)中國(guó)人，我對(duì)祖國(guó)的統(tǒng)一非常關(guān)心。從1972年以來(lái)，在臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題上取得了進(jìn)展，但是我們看到美國(guó)人一再向臺(tái)灣出售先進(jìn)武器。我們感到憤怒的是，我們看到美國(guó)和日本延續(xù)了美—日安全條約。據(jù)某些日本官員說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)條約甚至涵蓋中國(guó)臺(tái)灣省。因此我要問(wèn)，如果中國(guó)在夏威夷派駐海軍設(shè)施，如果中國(guó)與其他國(guó)家簽署安全條約對(duì)付美國(guó)的一個(gè)部分，美國(guó)是否會(huì)同意這種行為；美國(guó)人民是否會(huì)同意這種行為？(掌聲)

總統(tǒng)：首先，美國(guó)的政策并不是中國(guó)和臺(tái)灣和平統(tǒng)一的障礙。三項(xiàng)公報(bào)和《與臺(tái)灣關(guān)系法》體現(xiàn)了我們的政策。我國(guó)在將近20年前就承認(rèn)中國(guó)，并實(shí)行一個(gè)中國(guó)的政策。我在同江主席的會(huì)談中重申了我們的一個(gè)中國(guó)政策。

美國(guó)和中國(guó)達(dá)成了協(xié)議，就是我們實(shí)行的是一個(gè)中國(guó)政策，同時(shí)我們也達(dá)成了協(xié)議，就是將通過(guò)和平手段實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一，我們鼓勵(lì)海峽兩岸進(jìn)行對(duì)話(huà)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。因此，我們的政策是，向臺(tái)灣出售的任何武器只能用于防御目的，國(guó)家不得認(rèn)為—中國(guó)不得認(rèn)為我們會(huì)試圖以任何一種方式破壞我們自身的一個(gè)中國(guó)政策。這是我們的政策。但是我們認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)—任何統(tǒng)一都應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠和平實(shí)現(xiàn)。

關(guān)于日本，如果你們閱讀我們同日本簽署的安全協(xié)議，我認(rèn)為協(xié)議的條款明確顯示了協(xié)議的目的不是用來(lái)對(duì)付任何國(guó)家，而是支持亞洲的穩(wěn)定。我們?cè)谀铣r駐扎了軍隊(duì)，目的是防止兩個(gè)朝鮮越過(guò)分界線(xiàn)恢復(fù)朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。我們?cè)谌毡抉v軍的目 的，主要是幫助我們?cè)诰o急情況下促進(jìn)亞太地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定。但是我認(rèn)為，說(shuō)日本或美國(guó)具有旨在遏制中國(guó)的安全關(guān)系，這是不公平的。實(shí)際上，兩國(guó)都希望在二十一世紀(jì)與中國(guó)擁有安全伙伴關(guān)系。

例如，你們提過(guò)北約—我們?cè)跉W洲擴(kuò)大了北約，但是我們也簽署了一項(xiàng)條約，就是北約與俄國(guó)之間的一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，以證明我們不再對(duì)付俄國(guó)。過(guò)去五年來(lái)，北約所做的最重要的事情，就是與俄國(guó)并肩合作，結(jié)束波斯尼亞的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。我向你們預(yù)測(cè)，你們現(xiàn)在見(jiàn)到的事情，就是我們與中國(guó)合作，努力限制印度和巴基斯坦的核試驗(yàn)造成的緊張局勢(shì)，你們今后還會(huì)見(jiàn)到很多很多這樣的事情。我認(rèn)為，在這一領(lǐng)域里，你們將見(jiàn)到很多安全方面的合作。我們不能用昨天的沖突作為鏡子來(lái)看待今天的協(xié)議。

3問(wèn)：總統(tǒng)先生，我很高興有機(jī)會(huì)向您提問(wèn)。您帶著友好的微笑，踏上了中國(guó)的土地，并來(lái)到北大校園，因此，您的光臨使我們非常激動(dòng)和榮幸，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)人民真正渴望中國(guó)和美國(guó)在平等的基礎(chǔ)上建立友誼。據(jù)我所知，在您離開(kāi)美國(guó)之前，您說(shuō)您訪華的原因，是因?yàn)橹袊?guó)太重要了，接觸勝過(guò)遏制。

我想問(wèn)您這句話(huà)是不是您為這次訪問(wèn)所作出的一種承諾，還是在您的微笑之后是不是還隱藏了其他什么話(huà)。您是不是有什么遏制中國(guó)的其他企圖？(笑聲和掌聲)

總統(tǒng)：我要是有的話(huà)，就不會(huì)把它藏在微笑后面。(笑聲。)但是我沒(méi)有。這就是說(shuō)，我說(shuō)的就是這個(gè)意思。我們必須作出一項(xiàng)決定—我們所有人都是如此，但是勢(shì)力強(qiáng)大的大國(guó)人民必須決定如何定義自己的偉大。

蘇聯(lián)跨臺(tái)的時(shí)候，俄國(guó)必須決定如何定義自己的偉大。他們是試圖開(kāi)發(fā)俄國(guó)人民的力量，與鄰國(guó)合作實(shí)現(xiàn)更偉大的未來(lái)呢，還是記住自己在過(guò)去200年來(lái)的不幸 遭遇，并認(rèn)為要使自己偉大的唯一方式，就是在軍事上主宰鄰國(guó)呢？他們選擇了向前邁進(jìn)的方針。世界變得更加美好。

中國(guó)也是如此。你們會(huì)決定從貴國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)外政策方面來(lái)說(shuō)，中國(guó)將在二十一世紀(jì)成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)國(guó)具有什么意義？這是不是意味著你們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)上會(huì)取得巨大的成功？這是不是意味著你們?cè)谖幕矫鏁?huì)擁有巨大的影響力？這是不是意味著你們將能夠在解決世界問(wèn)題方面發(fā)揮很大的作用？或者這是不是意味著你們將能夠以某種形式或方式，主宰你們的鄰國(guó)，而不管鄰國(guó)是不是愿意？這是每一個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家都必須作出的決定。

你們問(wèn)我，我是不是真的希望遏制中國(guó)？我的回答是不。美國(guó)人民對(duì)中國(guó)總是懷有非常濃厚的感情，每當(dāng)我們遇到問(wèn)題，這種感情會(huì)不時(shí)受到干擾。但是，如果你們回顧我國(guó)的歷史，我國(guó)人民始終感到，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)同中國(guó)人民具有密切的關(guān)系。我認(rèn)為，如果二十一世紀(jì)時(shí)美國(guó)人民以平等和尊重的態(tài)度與中國(guó)保持伙伴關(guān)系，而不是由于對(duì)在我們的國(guó)界以外發(fā)生的事情持不同意見(jiàn)，而花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和金錢(qián)試圖遏制中國(guó)，那就會(huì)要好得多。因此我不希望那樣做。我希望建立伙伴關(guān)系。我并沒(méi)有在微笑后面隱藏企圖，這是我的真實(shí)信念。(掌聲)

因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為這對(duì)美國(guó)人民有利，我的工作就是做對(duì)美國(guó)人民有利的事情。對(duì)美國(guó)人民有利的事情就是同貴國(guó)保持良好的關(guān)系。

4問(wèn)：總統(tǒng)先生，我將在今年畢業(yè)，到中國(guó)銀行工作?？偨y(tǒng)先生，剛才聽(tīng)到總統(tǒng)對(duì)中美兩國(guó)青年一代對(duì)未來(lái)的國(guó)際安全還有環(huán)境保護(hù)以及金融穩(wěn)定所具有的責(zé)任對(duì)我很受鼓舞，并且我也知道，青年一代如要想擔(dān)負(fù)起責(zé)任首先應(yīng)受到良好的教育。我知道，總統(tǒng)先生，您很愛(ài)自己的女兒，她現(xiàn)在斯坦福大學(xué)讀書(shū)。那么，我請(qǐng)問(wèn)總統(tǒng)先生兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，多年前，總統(tǒng)先生曾經(jīng)提出了知識(shí)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的概 念，您認(rèn)為高等教育在今后的知識(shí)型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中將起到什么樣的作用？第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是，總統(tǒng)先生對(duì)我們青年一代，包括中美兩國(guó)的青年有什么具體的希望？

總統(tǒng)：讓我首先回答你的知識(shí)型經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。我在回答問(wèn)題時(shí)要告訴你我在美國(guó)努力做的事情。我試圖在美國(guó)建立一種局面，將大專(zhuān)院校的大門(mén)向每個(gè)學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)足夠的年輕人敞開(kāi)，并消除任何種類(lèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。我們還沒(méi)有完全實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，但是我們已經(jīng)取得了很大的進(jìn)展。

我為什么要這樣做呢？因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)越先進(jìn)，提高受過(guò)大學(xué)教育者的比例就越重要。讓我來(lái)告訴你們這在美國(guó)有多重要。我們進(jìn)行人口普查—我們每隔十年進(jìn)行一次普查，清點(diǎn)美國(guó)的人口數(shù)字，并獲得有關(guān)美國(guó)人民的各種信息。1990年的普查表明，年輕的美國(guó)人如果有大學(xué)學(xué)位，則絕大多數(shù)都能夠找到好工作，收入也會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。年輕的美國(guó)人如果受過(guò)兩年或兩年以上的大學(xué)教育，就能夠找到好工作，收入也會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。年輕的美國(guó)人如果沒(méi)有上過(guò)大學(xué)，他們就是找到工作，收入也會(huì)下降，他們失業(yè)的可能性也高得多。

中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)越先進(jìn)，這一規(guī)律就越適用于中國(guó)—你們就更加需要許多人獲得大學(xué)和科技教育。因此我認(rèn)為這非常非常重要。

現(xiàn)在我要說(shuō)說(shuō)我對(duì)美國(guó)和中國(guó)的年輕一代的期望，這個(gè)期望與經(jīng)濟(jì)沒(méi)有關(guān)系。一個(gè)由源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)的仇恨而非現(xiàn)代問(wèn)題主宰的世界，是對(duì)你們的未來(lái)的最大威脅之 一。只要觀察世界各地，就能看到人們因?yàn)榉N族或宗教或民族上的差異彼此不喜歡而引起的大量麻煩—不論是波斯尼亞、印巴沖突，中東還是非洲大陸的部落都是如此。

只要觀察世界各地，就能看到這類(lèi)問(wèn)題。年輕人更容易接受有差異的人，對(duì)有差異的人更感興趣。我希望受過(guò)良好教育的中國(guó)的年輕人和美國(guó)的年輕人能夠在世界上鮮明地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，反對(duì)只是因?yàn)樗擞胁町?，就去仇恨他人或者去輕視他人。

謝謝。(掌聲)

5問(wèn)：總統(tǒng)先生，關(guān)于民主、自由和人權(quán)的問(wèn)題，實(shí)際上這是中國(guó)人民和美國(guó)人民都非常關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。但是，老實(shí)說(shuō)，在這方面我們兩個(gè)國(guó)家有不少的分歧。您剛才在演講中對(duì)美國(guó)建設(shè)民主，自由的歷史進(jìn)行了一個(gè)比較自豪的回顧，而且對(duì)中國(guó)也發(fā)表了一些建議性的意見(jiàn)。對(duì)于真誠(chéng)的意見(jiàn)，我們當(dāng)然非常歡迎。但是我同時(shí)又想起了一句老話(huà)，我想中國(guó)人民和世界人民都應(yīng)當(dāng)把它當(dāng)作是行動(dòng)的準(zhǔn)則，那就是批評(píng)和自我批評(píng)同在。

因此，我想問(wèn)您一個(gè)問(wèn)題。美國(guó)近些年，美國(guó)當(dāng)前在人權(quán)與民主等方面是不是也存在著一些問(wèn)題呢？您能不能給我們講一下，您的國(guó)家在這方面有哪些不足？您的政府在近期內(nèi)有哪些政策？有什么效果？(掌聲)

總統(tǒng)：我認(rèn)為有，首先，我要說(shuō)，在任何其他國(guó)家，而不僅僅是在中國(guó)，我在提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí)，都會(huì)首先承認(rèn)我國(guó)在這方面曾經(jīng)有過(guò)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題—各位記住，美國(guó)合法實(shí)行奴隸制有許多年— 我們現(xiàn)在也不是完美的。我總是這樣說(shuō)，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn) 為，任何人都不應(yīng)當(dāng)聲稱(chēng)自己在一個(gè)完美的國(guó)家生活。我們都在為了爭(zhēng)取更美好的生活這一理想而奮斗。因此我同意你提出的要點(diǎn)。

我要提出兩個(gè)范例。在美國(guó)仍然存在著某些歧視的事例—由于種族原因在住房或就業(yè)方面的歧視。我們?cè)O(shè)立了一套制度對(duì)付這種事情，但是我們沒(méi)有完全消除這種現(xiàn)象。去年，我一直就這個(gè)問(wèn)題與美國(guó)人民進(jìn)行對(duì)話(huà)，我們努力明確政府能夠做到的事情，明確美國(guó)人民應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)地方政府或其他組織做到的事情，并明確態(tài)度，即應(yīng)當(dāng)改變美國(guó)人民的心態(tài)。這是一個(gè)范例。

我再提出另一個(gè)范例。我們有—1992年，我在競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)時(shí)，在紐約市的一家旅館，一個(gè)來(lái)自希臘的美國(guó)移民來(lái)找我，他說(shuō)，我兒子10歲，他在學(xué)校里學(xué)習(xí)選舉，他說(shuō)我應(yīng)當(dāng)投您的票。但是他說(shuō)，如果我投您的票，我希望您給我兒子自由，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有真正的自由。因此我問(wèn)這個(gè)人，你是什么意思？他說(shuō)，在我那個(gè)區(qū)犯罪率非常高，槍支和幫派太多，我兒子感覺(jué)不到—我不能讓他自己走到學(xué)校去，也不能讓他到街對(duì)面的公園去玩。因此，如果我投您的票，我希望您給我兒子自由。

我認(rèn)為這很重要，因?yàn)榇蠹抑?，在美?guó)，我們趨向于認(rèn)為自由就是不受政府的虐待或者不受政府的控制。這是我們的傳統(tǒng)。我們的開(kāi)國(guó)先賢來(lái)到這里，是為了躲避英國(guó)的君主制。但是，自由有時(shí)要求政府采取平權(quán)步驟，賦予每個(gè)人平等的機(jī)會(huì)，接受教育，過(guò)上像樣的生活，并維護(hù)守法的環(huán)境。因此，我努力工作以促使美國(guó)的犯罪率減低，現(xiàn)在犯罪率在25年來(lái)最低，這就是說(shuō)，我們有更多的兒童獲得了自由。但是犯罪率仍然很高；暴力現(xiàn)象仍然太嚴(yán)重。

因此，我們美國(guó)人要關(guān)心的不僅僅是維護(hù)我們珍視的自由，而且要建立一個(gè)環(huán)境，讓人民建立真正美滿(mǎn)和自由的生活。

這個(gè)問(wèn)題問(wèn)得很好。(掌聲。)

6問(wèn)：總統(tǒng)先生，歡迎您光臨北大。剛才您曾提到過(guò)胡適說(shuō)，不要為了國(guó)家的自由而犧牲自己的自由。但是我們的前任校長(zhǎng)蔡元培先生還說(shuō)過(guò)這樣一句話(huà)，他說(shuō)：道并行而不相悖，萬(wàn)物并育而不相害。我并不認(rèn)為，國(guó)家的自由和自己的自由有什么沖突，不是說(shuō)為了國(guó)家的自由就一定要犧牲自己的自由。我認(rèn)為自由是自己一種主動(dòng)的選擇，認(rèn)為是最好的最適合自己的情況。象中國(guó)現(xiàn)在的繁榮發(fā)展正是我國(guó)人民自由的選擇，主動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)他們的力量的結(jié)果。我想自由的定義應(yīng)該是，為了真理和正義選擇那些最適合自己情況的道路，不知道您是否同意我的觀點(diǎn)。另外我想最后說(shuō)一句，只有真正懂得自由的人才會(huì)更加尊重別人的自由。謝謝。(掌聲)

總統(tǒng)：首先，如果你信仰自由，就必須尊重他人作出其他選擇的自由。即使是對(duì)個(gè)人自由持激進(jìn)看法的社會(huì)，在自由干涉到對(duì)他人權(quán)利的維護(hù)時(shí)也承認(rèn)應(yīng)當(dāng)限制這一自由。

例如，在我國(guó)的著名法院判例中，有一個(gè)判例規(guī)定，我們雖然有言論自由，但是如果沒(méi)有發(fā)生火災(zāi)，任何人都不能自由地在擁擠的電影院里高喊“失火了，”從而造成人們互相踐踏。另外還有一個(gè)著名的法院判例，規(guī)定我的自由以他人的鼻子為界限，意思是說(shuō)任何人都沒(méi)有毆打他人的自由。

因此我同意這一點(diǎn)。人們有選擇的自由，你必須尊重他人的自由，他們有權(quán)作出與你不同的決定。各國(guó)的制度、文化和選擇永遠(yuǎn)也不可能完全相同。正是由于這些事情，生活才變得有意思。

7問(wèn)：總統(tǒng)先生，我有兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì) 8 個(gè)月以來(lái)一直持 續(xù)高速增長(zhǎng)，我想請(qǐng)問(wèn)總統(tǒng)先生，這除了您個(gè)人對(duì)美國(guó)所作的貢獻(xiàn)之外，還有那些方面是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)成功的主要因素？或許這對(duì)中國(guó)也是一個(gè)很好的借鑒。

第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是，我想請(qǐng)問(wèn)總統(tǒng)先生，江澤民主席去年訪問(wèn)哈佛大學(xué)時(shí)，禮堂外有很多學(xué)生在游行，今天您到北大來(lái)，如果外面也有北大學(xué)生在游行，您會(huì)有什么感想？

總統(tǒng)：首先，關(guān)于美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，我認(rèn)為，從我就任總統(tǒng)以來(lái)，政府政策的主要作用，就是處理我國(guó)政府的龐大赤字—我國(guó)過(guò)去每年的開(kāi)支都有巨大的赤字—我們控制住了赤字。30年以來(lái)，我們將第一次有收支平衡的預(yù)算。這使得利率下降，騰出大量資金用于在私營(yíng)部門(mén)創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。我們做的第二件事情，就是大幅度擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易，因此我們開(kāi)始在世界各地大量增加銷(xiāo)售額。我們做的第三件事情，就是試圖增加人才投資—投資于研究、開(kāi)發(fā)、技術(shù)和教育。

除了這些以外，美國(guó)人民本身也有很大功勞。我們的商業(yè)界非常精明；他們投資于新科技，投資于新市場(chǎng)和人才培訓(xùn)。在我們的環(huán)境中，人們創(chuàng)業(yè)非常容易，可能這個(gè)領(lǐng)域?qū)χ袊?guó)最有借鑒作用。

我知道我的夫人在全世界各地的村莊中做了許多工作，她努力推進(jìn)對(duì)村民們的信貸，使他們能夠通過(guò)貸款自行創(chuàng)業(yè)，努力利用自己現(xiàn)有的技能。即使在最貧困的非洲和拉丁美洲地區(qū)，我們也見(jiàn)到這種制度的效用，在那里機(jī)會(huì)大量地產(chǎn)生。

因此，在美國(guó)，我們努力為人們創(chuàng)業(yè)、擴(kuò)大企業(yè)和經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)提供便利。然后，我們作出非常非?？炭嗟呐?，在以前沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)的領(lǐng)域里提供機(jī)會(huì)。所有這些事情組合在一起—但是我特別認(rèn)為，大部分功勞應(yīng)當(dāng)歸于美國(guó)人民。畢竟處于我這個(gè)地位，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)行正確的政策，以便我們能夠建立一個(gè)大環(huán)境，讓美國(guó)人民在其中創(chuàng)造未來(lái)。我認(rèn)為基本上這已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。

你問(wèn)的問(wèn)題很有意思。實(shí)際上，在美國(guó)我碰到過(guò)多次示威。江澤民主席在美國(guó)時(shí)，我對(duì)他說(shuō)，他們向他示威我很高興，這樣我就不會(huì)感到那么寂寞了。（笑聲和 掌聲。）

言歸正傳。如果外面有很多人向我示威，假如他們是因?yàn)榈谝晃幌壬鷨?wèn)我的問(wèn)題而示威。假如他們說(shuō)，啊，克林頓總統(tǒng)正在試圖干涉中國(guó)和臺(tái)灣的和平統(tǒng)一，他不應(yīng)當(dāng)向臺(tái)灣出售任何武器。那么，我就會(huì)試圖了解他們示威的原因，然后詢(xún)問(wèn)東道主我是否能夠去跟他們談?wù)劊蛘咦屖就邎F(tuán)體派一兩個(gè)代表來(lái)見(jiàn)我，他們說(shuō)出自己的心里話(huà)，讓我來(lái)回答。

記得我剛才說(shuō)過(guò)的本杰明·富蘭克林的話(huà)嗎：我們的批評(píng)者是我們的朋友，因?yàn)樗麄冎赋鑫覀兊娜秉c(diǎn)。你們今天向我提出了一些很好的問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題中有批評(píng)的成份。這些問(wèn)題對(duì)我有很大幫助。這些問(wèn)題幫助我了解不僅是在中國(guó)，而且在全世界其他人如何看待我說(shuō)的話(huà)，并幫助我在擔(dān)任美國(guó)人民的總統(tǒng)并維護(hù)我們的信仰時(shí)，注重如何提高總統(tǒng)的效用。

因此，我很高興我們進(jìn)行了這次交流。就我個(gè)人而言，提出的問(wèn)題比我的講演要重要得多— 如果只是我一個(gè)人講話(huà)，我就永遠(yuǎn)也學(xué)不到東西，我只有在傾聽(tīng)他人時(shí)才能學(xué)到東西。

多謝各位。謝謝。(掌聲。)

11月16日奧巴馬上海答問(wèn)

[現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問(wèn)一]我叫程熙，我是復(fù)旦大學(xué)的學(xué)生，上海和芝加哥從1985年開(kāi)始就是姐妹城市，這兩個(gè)城市進(jìn)行過(guò)各種經(jīng)貿(mào)、文化、政治交流，你現(xiàn)在在采取什么措施來(lái)加深美國(guó)和中國(guó)城市之間的關(guān)系。世博會(huì)明年將在上海舉行，你是否準(zhǔn)備參加世博會(huì)呢

這是個(gè)小女生提的問(wèn)題，也是第一個(gè)問(wèn)題，簡(jiǎn)單些友好些無(wú)可厚非，——總不能當(dāng)頭就給人來(lái)一棒子吧?？墒菃?wèn)人家“采取什么措施來(lái)加深美國(guó)和中國(guó)城市之間的關(guān)系”，這就沒(méi)道理了。人家是總統(tǒng)，美國(guó)某城市與與中國(guó)某城市之間建立友好關(guān)系，姐妹城市也好，友好城市也好，那是兩市之間的交流，有市長(zhǎng)呢，他當(dāng)總統(tǒng)的操那心干啥玩意兒。

正因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)偽命題，沒(méi)法正面回答，因此小奧只好啰嗦了半天兩國(guó)城市之間交流和學(xué)習(xí)的重要性和必要性，含混過(guò)去了。

[現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問(wèn)二]總統(tǒng)先生，我是上海交通大學(xué)的學(xué)生。我的問(wèn)題是，您來(lái)中國(guó)的第一印象是什么？你給中國(guó)帶來(lái)什么？又想從中國(guó)帶走什么？[ 11-16 13:25]

奧巴馬昨夜11點(diǎn)半才下飛機(jī)，黑咕隆咚地，又趕上雨天，能看見(jiàn)啥耶，問(wèn)他對(duì)上海夜景，對(duì)下榻酒店有何印象還差不多，問(wèn)他對(duì)中國(guó)有什么第一印象，那不是胡扯嗎？他時(shí)差還沒(méi)倒過(guò)來(lái)呢，今天上午也肯定在賓館休息，哪兒都沒(méi)去。

問(wèn)人家“給中國(guó)帶來(lái)什么，又想從中國(guó)帶走什么”？太沒(méi)品味沒(méi)修養(yǎng)了，農(nóng)民工也不見(jiàn)得問(wèn)出這么丑陋的問(wèn)題。

[現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問(wèn)三]我是同濟(jì)大學(xué)黃立赫（音）。首先我想引用“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)不亦樂(lè)乎”這句話(huà)來(lái)歡迎您，在《論語(yǔ)＆＃8226;子路》中有一句話(huà)叫和而不同，我們中國(guó)人民的理想就是在世界構(gòu)建一個(gè)文化多元化的和諧世界。我們知道美國(guó)文化本身是在歷史沉淀當(dāng)中由不同的文化元素所積淀而成的多元混合型文化，請(qǐng)問(wèn)在您的這屆go-vern-ment中會(huì)采取哪些措施來(lái)共同構(gòu)建這個(gè)世界向著文化多元化發(fā)展？在您的外交政策中會(huì)有哪些措施去尊重各國(guó)的不同的歷史文化？我們中美兩國(guó)在此方面會(huì)有哪些合作？謝謝您。[ 11-16 13:31]

這個(gè)學(xué)生一上來(lái)就之乎者也的，象個(gè)老夫子似的，令人生厭。近年來(lái)，我們的教育提倡讀經(jīng)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)上臺(tái)講話(huà)也動(dòng)輒引用幾句古語(yǔ)，以彰顯自己有文化，成了一種風(fēng)氣。現(xiàn)在禍及大學(xué)生了。

“首先我想引用?有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)不亦樂(lè)乎?這句話(huà)來(lái)歡迎您”，人家校長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)代表大家歡迎過(guò)了，大家也都鼓過(guò)掌了，你又何必多此一舉，真擺不正位置。再說(shuō)，你要尋章摘句，也應(yīng)該從美國(guó)的名言警句里找啊，那樣才能拉近距離，且顯得你博學(xué)，用的好了，甚至能起到以其人之道還治其人之身的作用。為什么非引用《論語(yǔ)》之類(lèi)呢，引就引了，還要注明是《子路》篇，顯擺什么呀。奧巴馬不可能熟悉這東西，你和他講這個(gè)是對(duì)牛彈琴，同胞們聽(tīng)你講這個(gè)也會(huì)感到做作。

這位同學(xué)提的問(wèn)題很大，也很空，也很奴才相。問(wèn)一國(guó)總統(tǒng)采取哪些措施來(lái)“共同構(gòu)建這個(gè)世界向著文化多元化發(fā)展”，等于承認(rèn)了人家在世界的領(lǐng)袖地位。問(wèn)人家采取哪些外交措施“去尊重各國(guó)的不同的歷史文化”，一點(diǎn)邏輯性都沒(méi)有，讓人一頭霧水。

[現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問(wèn)四]總統(tǒng)先生，您好。我們非常榮幸來(lái)到這兒，我叫張新（音），來(lái)自于上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)。我想找一個(gè)網(wǎng)上的問(wèn)題，這個(gè)問(wèn)題是來(lái)自于臺(tái)灣的一位同胞。他說(shuō)我來(lái)自于臺(tái)灣，現(xiàn)在我在大陸做生意，現(xiàn)在兩岸關(guān)系在近年來(lái)不斷地改善，我現(xiàn)在在大陸的生意做得很好。當(dāng)有人在美國(guó)說(shuō)，美國(guó)想向臺(tái)灣售武的時(shí)候我們非常擔(dān)心，因?yàn)檫@樣的話(huà)會(huì)破壞兩岸關(guān)系。總統(tǒng)先生，我想知道您是否支持改善兩岸關(guān)系。當(dāng)然，這個(gè)問(wèn)題是來(lái)自于一位商人。但是其實(shí)對(duì)于所有的年輕中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，其實(shí)都非常關(guān)心這個(gè)問(wèn)題，所以我們特別希望聽(tīng)下您的看法。謝謝。[ 11-16 13:36]

“我們非常榮幸來(lái)到這兒”，受寵若驚，以至于都忘了誰(shuí)是主人了。道“非常榮幸來(lái)到這兒”的應(yīng)該是奧巴馬一行。提的問(wèn)題也相當(dāng)沒(méi)水平，感覺(jué)是仰人鼻息，一副奴才相。大可以單刀直入：“請(qǐng)問(wèn)總統(tǒng)先生，美方向來(lái)承諾奉行一個(gè)中國(guó)立場(chǎng)，為什么要向臺(tái)灣售武？”，看他怎么答。

[現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問(wèn)五]謝謝?？偨y(tǒng)先生，我是來(lái)自于上海交通大學(xué)的一位學(xué)生。我想問(wèn)一個(gè)您得諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。您是如何看待您得獎(jiǎng)的？您得了獎(jiǎng)對(duì)您來(lái)說(shuō)是不是意味著更多的壓力和責(zé)任？您有更多的責(zé)任去推動(dòng)世界和平。同時(shí)，這會(huì)不會(huì)影響你解決世界問(wèn)題的一些態(tài)度？[ 11-16 13:40]

這個(gè)問(wèn)題問(wèn)得也是相當(dāng)沒(méi)勁。奧巴馬得知自己獲獎(jiǎng)后，當(dāng)即就表示自己受之有愧，地球人都聽(tīng)說(shuō)了也都同意他的態(tài)度，你還問(wèn)明知故問(wèn)不純屬多余嗎。“您得了獎(jiǎng)對(duì)您來(lái)說(shuō)是不是意味著更多的壓力和責(zé)任？”，大家聽(tīng)聽(tīng)，這問(wèn)題是不是太小兒科了？

[洪博培代網(wǎng)民提問(wèn)]第一，有這么多互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者的國(guó)家，有6000萬(wàn)寫(xiě)博客的人，你知道防火墻的事情嗎？第二，我們是不是應(yīng)該自由的使用TWITTER?[ 11-16 13:46]

這個(gè)問(wèn)題還有些價(jià)值，奧巴馬也作了精彩而坦誠(chéng)的回答?？上н€是網(wǎng)民提的。

[現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問(wèn)六]我想說(shuō)我非常榮幸，站在這里向您提問(wèn)，我認(rèn)為我很幸運(yùn)，我也感謝這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，您的演講非常清楚。我是周元天（音），復(fù)旦大學(xué)管理學(xué)院的學(xué)生，我想問(wèn)一問(wèn)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有人問(wèn)您得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的問(wèn)題了，那么我不會(huì)以同樣的角度問(wèn)您，我想問(wèn)的是從另外一個(gè)角度來(lái)看，因?yàn)槟茈y才能得到這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)，所以我在想您是怎么得到這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)的？還有您的大學(xué)教育怎么樣使您得到這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)？我們很好奇，想請(qǐng)您給我們分享一下您的校園經(jīng)歷，如何才能走上成功的道路？[ 11-16 13:53]

最愚蠢最不堪最丟人的就是這個(gè)問(wèn)題了。誠(chéng)惶誠(chéng)恐語(yǔ)無(wú)倫次啰嗦了半天，表達(dá)能力之差，還不如中學(xué)生。“您是怎么得到這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)的？還有您的大學(xué)教育怎么樣使您得到這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)？”，我的天，哪兒跟哪兒呀，驢唇不對(duì)馬嘴的。難怪奧巴馬不無(wú)諷刺地回答：“首先我要說(shuō)的是，我也不知道有什么課程學(xué)了之后可以得到諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)，這是不能擔(dān)保的”。

[北京網(wǎng)民提問(wèn)]總統(tǒng)先生，很榮幸問(wèn)最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題。我是復(fù)旦大學(xué)的學(xué)生，今天我也是中國(guó)的青年網(wǎng)民代表。這個(gè)問(wèn)題是北京的一位網(wǎng)民問(wèn)的，他非常關(guān)注您的阿富汗政策。他想知道，KB主義是否仍然是美國(guó)最大的安全威脅？您如何看待在阿富汗的行動(dòng)是否會(huì)升級(jí)成另外一場(chǎng)阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)？[ 11-16 13:56]

這個(gè)問(wèn)題提的好，可惜又是網(wǎng)民提的。

好了，交流結(jié)束了，上海的大學(xué)生們提了那么多問(wèn)題，最后給奧巴馬留下了什么印象呢？

[奧巴馬]今天我過(guò)得非常愉快，非常感謝各位，首先我想說(shuō)我對(duì)大家的英文印象很深刻，很明顯你們是很用功的學(xué)習(xí)。……

唯一給他深刻印象的竟然是大家的英文水平。叫什么事兒呀。同學(xué)們，你們?yōu)槭裁床挥媚刚Z(yǔ)來(lái)提問(wèn)呢？是為了顯示英文水平高，還是為了討好人家？我國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人到國(guó)外，與洋學(xué)生們交流，他們會(huì)特意用漢語(yǔ)提問(wèn)嗎？

從給奧巴馬提的這些問(wèn)題看，這些來(lái)自上海名校的大學(xué)生們，無(wú)論是語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力，邏輯思維能力，對(duì)事物的洞察力，還是政治敏銳性都有待提高。猶可悲者，一些同學(xué)短短幾句提問(wèn)，崇洋媚外之態(tài)就溢于言表，實(shí)在給國(guó)人丟臉。那么多人，為什么沒(méi)有一個(gè)問(wèn)奧巴馬支持疆獨(dú)藏獨(dú)的問(wèn)題？為什么不問(wèn)問(wèn)他為什么要執(zhí)意會(huì)見(jiàn)**喇嘛？為什么不問(wèn)問(wèn)這個(gè)鼓吹自由貿(mào)易的國(guó)家為什么說(shuō)一套做一套，大搞貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義？我們這些同學(xué)的愛(ài)國(guó)心和民族自尊心哪兒去了，莫非都給普世價(jià)值普過(guò)去了？——這是不是和我們的教育有關(guān)？

當(dāng)然，也可能和楊校長(zhǎng)開(kāi)場(chǎng)定的調(diào)子（楊：“今天我們將用一種非常輕松、自由的方式，而且我相信也將會(huì)是愉快的方式，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)將和大家一起討論中美關(guān)系問(wèn)題，……”）有關(guān)。此外，對(duì)話(huà)時(shí)間有限，好多有思想的同學(xué)可能沒(méi)來(lái)得及提問(wèn)。作為一個(gè)有著“狹隘民族主義”情結(jié)的“左左”，我希望有關(guān)方面能亡羊補(bǔ)牢，把奧巴馬請(qǐng)到我們貓撲來(lái)，讓他接接我們的招，嘗嘗我們的厲害，別以為中國(guó)人民都那么沒(méi)骨氣，沒(méi)智慧

第五篇：美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)比爾·克林頓在2012年9月5日民主黨全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的演講

A transcript of former President Bill Clinton's remarks Wednesday night at the Democratic National Convention, as provided by the Democratic Party:

We're here to nominate a president, and I've got one in mind.I want to nominate a man whose own life has known its fair share of adversity and uncertainty.A man who ran for president to change the course of an already weak economy and then just six weeks before the election, saw it suffer the biggest collapse since the Great Depression.A man who stopped the slide into depression and put us on the long road to recovery, knowing all the while that no matter how many jobs were created and saved, there were still millions more waiting, trying to feed their children and keep their hopes alive.I want to nominate a man cool on the outside but burning for America on the inside.A man who believes we can build a new American Dream economy driven by innovation and creativity, education and cooperation.A man who had the good sense to marry Michelle Obama.I want Barack Obama to be the next president of the United States and I proudly nominate him as the standard bearer of the Democratic Party.In Tampa, we heard a lot of talk about how the president and the Democrats don't believe in free enterprise and individual initiative, how we want everyone to be dependent on the government, how bad we are for the economy.The Republican narrative is that all of us who amount to anything are completely self-made.One of our greatest Democratic chairmen, Bob Strauss, used to say that every politician wants you to believe he was born in a log cabin he built himself, but it ain't so.We Democrats think the country works better with a strong middle class, real opportunities for poor people to work their way into it and a relentless focus on the future, with business and government working together to promote growth and broadly shared prosperity.We think “we're all in this together” is a better philosophy than “you're on your own.”

Who's right? Well, since 1961, the Republicans have held the White House 28 years, the Democrats 24.In those 52 years, our economy produced 66 million private sector jobs.What's the jobs score? Republicans 24 million, Democrats 42 million.It turns out that advancing equal opportunity and economic empowerment is both morally right and good economics, because discrimination, poverty and ignorance restrict growth, while investments in education, infrastructure and scientific and technological research increase it, creating more good jobs and new wealth for all of us.Though I often disagree with Republicans, I never learned to hate them the way the far right that now controls their party seems to hate President Obama and the Democrats.After all, President Eisenhower sent federal troops to my home state to integrate Little Rock Central High and built the interstate highway system.And as governor, I worked with President Reagan on welfare reform and with President George H.W.Bush on national education goals.I am grateful to President George W.Bush for PEPFAR, which is saving the lives of millions of people in poor countries and to both Presidents Bush for the work we've done together after the South Asia tsunami, Hurricane Katrina and the Haitian earthquake.Through my foundation, in America and around the world, I work with Democrats, Republicans and Independents who are focused on solving problems and seizing opportunities, not fighting each other.When times are tough, constant conflict may be good politics but in the real world, cooperation works better.After all, nobody's right all the time, and a broken clock is right twice a day.All of us are destined to live our lives between those two extremes.Unfortunately, the faction that now dominates the Republican Party doesn't see it that way.They think government is the enemy, and compromise is weakness.One of the main reasons America should re-elect President Obama is that he is still committed to cooperation.He appointed Republican secretaries of defense, the army and transportation.He appointed a vice president who ran against him in 2008, and trusted him to oversee the successful end of the war in Iraq and the implementation of the recovery act.And Joe Biden did a great job with both.He appointed Cabinet members who supported Hillary in the primaries.Heck, he even appointed Hillary.I'm so proud of her and grateful to our entire national security team for all they've done to make us safer and stronger and to build a world with more partners and fewer enemies.I'm also grateful to the young men and women who serve our country in the military and to Michelle Obama and Jill Biden for supporting military families when their loved ones are overseas and for helping our veterans, when they come home bearing the wounds of war, or needing help with education, housing, and jobs.President Obama's record on national security is a tribute to his strength, and judgment, and to his preference for inclusion and partnership over partisanship.He also tried to work with congressional Republicans on health care, debt reduction, and jobs, but that didn't work out so well.Probably because, as the Senate Republican leader, in a remarkable moment of candor, said two years before the election, their No.1 priority was not to put America back to work, but to put President Obama out of work.Senator, I hate to break it to you, but we're going to keep President Obama on the job.In Tampa, the Republican argument against the president's re-election was pretty simple: we left him a total mess, he hasn't cleaned it up fast enough, so fire him and put us back in.In order to look like an acceptable alternative to President Obama, they couldn't say much about the ideas they have offered over the last two years.You see they want to go back to the same old policies that got us into trouble in the first place: to cut taxes for high income Americans even more than President Bush did;to get rid of those pesky financial regulations designed to prevent another crash and prohibit future bailouts;to increase defense spending $2 trillion more than the Pentagon has requested without saying what they'll spend the money on;to make enormous cuts in the rest of the budget, especially programs that help the middle class and poor kids.As another president once said_ there they go again.I like the argument for President Obama's re-election a lot better.He inherited a deeply damaged economy, put a floor under the crash, began the long hard road to recovery, and laid the foundation for a modern, more well-balanced economy that will produce millions of good new jobs, vibrant new businesses, and lots of new wealth for the innovators.Are we where we want to be? No.Is the president satisfied? No.Are we better off than we were when he took office, with an economy in free fall, losing 750,000 jobs a month.The answer is yes.I understand the challenge we face.I know many Americans are still angry and frustrated with the economy.Though employment is growing, banks are beginning to lend and even housing prices are picking up a bit, too many people don't feel it.I experienced the same thing in 1994 and early 1995.Our policies were working and the economy was growing but most people didn't feel it yet.By 1996, the economy was roaring, halfway through the longest peacetime expansion in American history.President Obama started with a much weaker economy than I did.No president_ not me or any of my predecessors could have repaired all the damage in just four years.But conditions are improving and if you'll renew the President's contract you will feel it.I believe that with all my heart.President Obama's approach embodies the values, the ideas, and the direction America must take to build a 21st century version of the American Dream in a nation of shared opportunities, shared prosperity and shared responsibilities.So back to the story.In 2010, as the president's recovery program kicked in, the job losses stopped and things began to turn around.The Recovery Act saved and created millions of jobs and cut taxes for 95 percent of the American people.In the last 29 months the economy has produced about 4.5 million private sector jobs.But last year, the Republicans blocked the president's jobs plan costing the economy more than a million new jobs.So here's another jobs score: President Obama plus 4.5 million, congressional Republicans zero.Over that same period, more than more than 500,000 manufacturing jobs have been created under President Obama_ the first time manufacturing jobs have increased since the 1990s.The auto industry restructuring worked.It saved more than a million jobs, not just at GM, Chrysler and their dealerships, but in auto parts manufacturing all over the country.That's why even auto-makers that weren't part of the deal supported it.They needed to save the suppliers too.Like I said, we're all in this together.Now there are 250,000 more people working in the auto industry than the day the companies were restructured.Gov.Romney opposed the plan to save GM and Chrysler.So here's another jobs score: Obama 250,000, Romney, zero.The agreement the administration made with management, labor and environmental groups to double car mileage over the next few years is another good deal: it will cut your gas bill in half, make us more energy independent, cut greenhouse gas emissions, and add another 500,000 good jobs.President Obama's “all of the above” energy plan is helping too_ the boom in oil and gas production combined with greater energy efficiency has driven oil imports to a near 20 year low and natural gas production to an all-time high.Renewable energy production has also doubled.We do need more new jobs, lots of them, but there are already more than three million jobs open and unfilled in America today, mostly because the applicants don't have the required skills.We have to prepare more Americans for the new jobs that are being created in a world fueled by new technology.That's why investments in our people are more important than ever.The president has supported community colleges and employers in working together to train people for open jobs in their communities.And, after a decade in which exploding college costs have increased the drop-out rate so much that we've fallen to 16th in the world in the percentage of our young adults with college degrees, his student loan reform lowers the cost of federal student loans and even more important, gives students the right to repay the loans as a fixed percentage of their incomes for up to 20 years.That means no one will have to drop-out of college for fear they can't repay their debt, and no one will have to turn down a job, as a teacher, a police officer or a small town doctor because it doesn't pay enough to make the debt payments.This will change the future for young Americans.I know we're better off because President Obama made these decisions.That brings me to health care.The Republicans call it Obamacare and say it's a government takeover of health care that they'll repeal.Are they right? Let's look at what's happened so far.Individuals and businesses have secured more than a billion dollars in refunds from their insurance premiums because the new law requires 80 percent to 85 pecent of your premiums to be spent on health care, not profits or promotion.Other insurance companies have lowered their rates to meet the requirement.More than 3 million young people between 19 and 25 are insured for the first time because their parents can now carry them on family policies.Millions of seniors are receiving preventive care including breast cancer screenings and tests for heart problems.Soon the insurance companies, not the government, will have millions of new customers many of them middle class people with pre-existing conditions.And for the last two years, health care spending has grown under 4 pecent, for the first time in 50 years.So are we all better off because President Obama fought for it and passed it? You bet we are.There were two other attacks on the president in Tampa that deserve an answer.Both Gov.Romney and congressman Ryan attacked the president for allegedly robbing Medicare of $716 billion.Here's what really happened.There were no cuts to benefits.None.What the president did was save money by cutting unwarranted subsidies to providers and insurance companies that weren't making people any healthier.He used the saving to close the donut hole in the Medicare drug program, and to add eight years to the life of the Medicare Trust Fund.It's now solvent until 2024.So President Obama and the Democrats didn't weaken Medicare, they strengthened it.When congressman Ryan looked into the TV camera and attacked President Obama's “biggest coldest power play” in raiding Medicare, I didn't know whether to laugh or cry.You see, that $716 billion is exactly the same amount of Medicare savings congressman Ryan had in his own budget.At least on this one, Gov.Romney's been consistent.He wants to repeal the savings and give the money back to the insurance companies, re-open the donut hole and force seniors to pay more for drugs, and reduce the life of the Medicare Trust Fund by eight years.So now if he's elected and does what he promised Medicare will go broke by 2016.If that happens, you won't have to wait until their voucher program to begins in 2023 to see the end Medicare as we know it.But it gets worse.They also want to block grant Medicaid and cut it by a third over the coming decade.Of course, that will hurt poor kids, but that's not all.Almost two-thirds of Medicaid is spent on nursing home care for seniors and on people with disabilities, including kids from middle class families, with special needs like, Down syndrome or autism.I don't know how those families are going to deal with it.We can't let it happen

Now let's look at the Republican charge that President Obama wants to weaken the work requirements in the welfare reform bill I signed that moved millions of people from welfare to work.Here's what happened.When some Republican governors asked to try new ways to put people on welfare back to work, the Obama administration said they would only do it if they had a credible plan to increase employment by 20 percent.You hear that? More work.So the claim that President Obama weakened welfare reform's work requirement is just not true.But they keep running ads on it.As their campaign pollster said “we're not going to let our campaign be dictated by fact checkers.” Now that is true.I couldn't have said it better myself_ I just hope you remember that every time you see the ad.Let's talk about the debt.We have to deal with it or it will deal with us.President Obama has offered a plan with $4 trillion in debt reduction over a decade, with $2 of spending reductions for every $1 of revenue increases, and tight controls on future spending.It's the kind of balanced approach proposed by the bipartisan Simpson-Bowles commission.I think the president's plan is better than the Romney plan, because the Romney plan fails the first test of fiscal responsibility: The numbers don't add up.It's supposed to be a debt reduction plan but it begins with $5 trillion in tax cuts over a 10-year period.That makes the debt hole bigger before they even start to dig out.They say they'll make it up by eliminating loopholes in the tax code.When you ask “which loopholes and how much?” they say, “See me after the election on that.”

People ask me all the time how we delivered four surplus budgets.What new ideas did we bring? I always give a one-word answer: arithmetic.If they stay with a $5 trillion tax cut in a debt reduction plan_ the_ arithmetic tells us that one of three things will happen:

1)they'll have to eliminate so many deductions like the ones for home mortgages and charitable giving that middle class families will see their tax bill go up $2,000 year while people making over $3 million a year get will still get a 250,000 dollar tax cut;or

2)they'll have to cut so much spending that they'll obliterate the budget for our national parks, for ensuring clean air, clean water, safe food, safe air travel;or they'll cut way back on Pell Grants, college loans, early childhood education and other programs that help middle class families and poor children, not to mention cutting investments in roads, bridges, science, technology and medical research;or

3)they'll do what they've been doing for thirty plus years now_ cut taxes more than they cut spending, explode the debt, and weaken the economy.Remember, Republican economic policies quadrupled the debt before I took office and doubled it after I left.We simply can't afford to double-down on trickle-down.President Obama's plan cuts the debt, honors our values, and brightens the future for our children, our families and our nation.My fellow Americans, you have to decide what kind of country you want to live in.If you want a you're on your own, winner take all society you should support the Republican ticket.If you want a country of shared opportunities and shared responsibilities_ a “we're all in it together” society, you should vote for Barack Obama and Joe Biden.If you want every American to vote and you think it's wrong to change voting procedures just to reduce the turnout of younger, poorer, minority and disabled voters, you should support Barack Obama.If you think the president was right to open the doors of American opportunity to young immigrants brought here as children who want to go to college or serve in the military, you should vote for Barack Obama.If you want a future of shared prosperity, where the middle class is growing and poverty is declining, where the American Dream is alive and well, and where the United States remains the leading force for peace and prosperity in a highly competitive world, you should vote for Barack Obama.I love our country_ and I know we're coming back.For more than 200 years, through every crisis, we've always come out stronger than we went in.And we will again as long as we do it together.We champion the cause for which our founders pledged their lives, their fortunes, their sacred honor_ to form a more perfect union.If that's what you believe, if that's what you want, we have to re-elect President Barack Obama.God bless you _ God bless America.