第一篇：四級(jí)作文開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾

(1)開(kāi)頭段

不寫(xiě)引言，直接擺出論點(diǎn)句，開(kāi)頭顯得很突兀;把題目中的說(shuō)明部分照單全抄，這種做法很容易引起評(píng)卷人反感。以2000年作文題“The Importance of Extracurricular Activities”為例，介紹應(yīng)試作文中幾種有效的開(kāi)頭方法。

(1)引語(yǔ)法：引用名言、格言或諺語(yǔ)，來(lái)吸引讀者的注意力。

As the saying goes, “variety is the spice of life.” Although college students’ major task is study, study is by no means the only thing in their life.In fact, various extracurricular activities should serve as the spice of college life.What is more, extracurricular activities are important to college students’ personal growth.(2)定義法：對(duì)文章主題中的關(guān)鍵詞加以界定，借此引發(fā)討論。

What are extracurricular activities? Are they simply what students do after class in their spare time ? No, extracurricular activities are school-based activities organized by teachers or students themselves with an aim to develop the students’ interests and improve their all-around abilities.Naturally, part-time jobs are not extracurricular activities.In my opinion, extracurricular activities not only make college life more colorful but are important to college students’ personal growth.(3)舉例法： 簡(jiǎn)單講述軼聞趣事或經(jīng)典笑話，或敘述自己或他人生活中的親身經(jīng)歷，但必須緊扣主

題，言簡(jiǎn)意賅。

Once when a computer engineer was invited by our department to talk about the secrets of his success, he mentioned that it was in the extracurricular interest group organized by his middle school that first inspired his interest in computer and launched him to his future career while computer was far less popular at that time.Meanwhile, he expressed his regret that extracurricular activities are rare in our university.Indeed, as college students, extracurricular activities cannot afford to be dispensed with.In my opinion, extracurricular activities are important to college students’ personal growth.(4)提問(wèn)法：提出一個(gè)或一連串有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題，引起讀者思考。

Should extracurricular activities be neglected in college? Of course not.Then what kind of a role do extracurricular activities play in college students’ life? In my opinion, extracurricular activities not only make college life more colorful but are important to college students’ personal growth.(5)闡述背景：簡(jiǎn)明地提供話題出現(xiàn)的背景。

Extracurricular activities have always been an important aspect of college life.However, at present, the extracurricular activities organized by our university are far from satisfactory.As many students have lost interest in these activities, they find college life boring and monotonous.In my opinion, a university cannot afford to neglect extracurricular activities because they not only make college life more colorful but are important to college students’ personal growth.(6)樹(shù)立靶子。

Quite a few people hold the view that since college students are almost independent adults, extracurricular activities or no extracurricular activities hardly make any difference to their life.However, in my opinion, extracurricular activities are important to college students’ personal growth.(7)擺出兩種觀點(diǎn)。

College students hold different attitude toward extracurricular activities.Some think that since their main task is study, these activities are a waste of time;whereas others take an active part in extracurricular activities.I belong to the second group, because I believe extracurricular activities are important to college students’ personal growth.(2)結(jié)尾段

結(jié)尾由“總結(jié)句+引申”組成。總結(jié)句是對(duì)全文觀點(diǎn)的歸納和對(duì)中心思想的重申，可以參考論點(diǎn)句和主題句，換種說(shuō)法將其再現(xiàn)。總結(jié)句單獨(dú)成段會(huì)使結(jié)尾顯得單薄。有時(shí)需要引申, 但不要空洞的口號(hào)，也不要添加中心思想以外的句子或出現(xiàn)新觀點(diǎn)。以下介紹幾種引申部分常用的寫(xiě)法。

(1)首尾呼應(yīng)法：與引言部分內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)

與 “開(kāi)頭方法”例3呼應(yīng)：In brief, considering the above-mentioned advantages, extracurricular activities should remain an important aspect of college life.As more and more teachers and students are beginning to realize their importance, next time the computer engineer comes to our campus, he will most likely be impressed by our colorful life and various activities.(2)建議希望法：針對(duì)現(xiàn)象提出建議或希望

In brief, considering the above-mentioned advantages, extracurricular activities should remain an important aspect of college life.I hope the university can provide us with more choices in our extracurricular activities in the near future.(3)后果預(yù)測(cè)法：預(yù)測(cè)所討論的現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題可能產(chǎn)生的后果(積極/消極)

In brief, considering the above-mentioned advantages, extracurricular activities should remain an important aspect of college life.I believe, with more and better extracurricular activities, we will live a healthier and richer life on campus.(3)正文擴(kuò)展

正文部分再分兩到三個(gè)層次論述，每個(gè)層次都是由“主題句+支持句”構(gòu)成。支持句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主題句、提供充分論據(jù)和具體細(xì)節(jié)的若干句子。下面以99年試題為例重點(diǎn)介紹如何通過(guò)支持句來(lái)擴(kuò)展主題句。

Topic sentence: “Advertising on television has a great influence on consumer behavior.”

(1)經(jīng)歷舉例法

Take me for example.I first learned the brand of shampoo “Rejoice” from a TV advertisement.I was greatly impressed by the way the message was conveyed---the confident girl on her way to realizing her goal of becoming an aeronautics engineer, and her beautiful cascade of black, shiny hair.I decided to have a try then and there, and as you can imagine, I have remained faithful to this brand ever since.(2)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)法

Statistics from a consumer survey reveal that 65% of those who bought “Haier” products were actually prompted by their advertisements of various forms to try this brand and 45.5% among them by TV advertisements.(3)類(lèi)比對(duì)比法

The effect of TV advertisements is just like that of a salesperson pushing a product in the supermarket.In face of such strong force of promotion, we really find it difficult to resist the temptation to have a try.Almost without thinking, we accept the commodity handed over to us with exaggerated enthusiasm and put it into our shopping cart.(4)因果論證法

Since TV appeals to our senses of sight and hearing with its vivid images, bright colors and pleasing melodies, advertisements on television usually leave a deep impression on our mind.When we hesitate before a full shelf of various brands of commodities of the same kind, a familiar brand-name drummed into the depth of our mind so blatantly may well surface just in time.(5)反正歸謬法

Some people claim that they can never be influenced, as they hate TV ads, which interrupt their entertainment at the most unsuitable moment.Then if they are asked to give an example of such nuisance, they may well tattle quite a few.Well, since they “cherish” such a deep impression of these brand-names, who can be sure that one of these will not come to their mind at a critical moment in the supermarket?

第二篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文及開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾

Above all(一)首句

章段首句最重要的是 It’s well-known thatAfter all眾所周知畢竟 As far as we knowAll in all據(jù)我們所知總的來(lái)說(shuō) As everybody knowsIn a word眾所周知總而言之 As far as sb.be concernedAs a result就……而論 Frankly speaking坦白地說(shuō) Generally speaking一般來(lái)說(shuō) I am of the opinion that …我認(rèn)為 In my opinion我認(rèn)為 It has been shown that…現(xiàn)已表明 It has been found that …已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn) It’s believed that…有人相信 It’s expected that…有人盼望 It’s hoped that …人們希望 It’s thought that …有人認(rèn)為

Until recently …直到最近

Faced with …, quite a few people argue that ….But other people conceive differently.There is a general discussion today about the issue of….Those who object to … argue that….They believe that ….But people who favor …, on the other hand, argue that….Currently there is a widespread concern that … More and more people are realizing / have come to realize… There is no denying / doubt that ….(二)結(jié)尾句

結(jié)果 In fact / As a matter of fact事實(shí)上 In short / In brief簡(jiǎn)而言之 In conclusion總之 In general /summary總之 In the end / Finally Last of all最后 On the whole總的來(lái)看 It may be confirmed that…可以肯定 It’sclear that…很清楚 To sum up概括地說(shuō) Personally, I prefer to…

As far as… be concerned, I think / believe that…

In my opinion, I am in favor of ….（三）寫(xiě)作中常用到的過(guò)渡詞： 1.時(shí)間順序：first, second, then, finally, now, before, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately,suddenly, soon, gradually 2.空間順序：in front of, behind, at the back of, to the left, to the right, above, below, on oneside, on the other side, next(to), far(from), beside , outside, around 3.因果關(guān)系：because, since, as, thanks to,as a result(of),so,therefore, thus, otherwise, on account of, due to, owe to

4.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：in addition, furthermore,moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, even, besides, still more, to make things worse

5.例證說(shuō)明：for example, for instance,such as, in one’s opinion, in fact, in this case, for actually, that is to say, in other words, according to

6.并列關(guān)系：but, and, as well as, or 7.對(duì)稱關(guān)系：for one thing, for another, on

the one hand, on the other hand

8.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：above all, at last, in a word,in summary, to sum up, in short, generally speaking, as you know, in conclusion, in brief, as has been stated

9.總結(jié)關(guān)系：above all, at last, in a word,in summary, to sum up, in short, generally speaking, as you know, in conclusion, in brief, as has been stated

10.過(guò)渡性插入語(yǔ)：I think, I’m afraid, you

know, as we all know, I’m sure, as far as I know

11.強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系：in fact, indeed, surely,necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, to repeat, the most important, above all

（四）、常用模式

1．萬(wàn)事看頭難常用模式：

Nowadays….It goes

without saying that….Now

people begin to realize that….There is no denying that…..It is

common that…..2．拓展不下去：

常用模式：（1）、羅列

Firstly….Secondly…..Thirdly…..For one thing….For another….On one hand…..On the other hand….At the same

time….（2）、舉例 Take… for

example…

To explain…（3）、對(duì)比 In contrast,…./

On the contrary

（4）、遞進(jìn) Moreover/ In

addition/ Besides

（5）、因果 Because…/

Because of…

Therefore…/

Consequently…/ As a result,…

The reason is

(was)that…

The reason why

(for which)…is(was)that…

That is because

(why)…

One of the

important reason is ….（6）、轉(zhuǎn)折 But…/

However…/ Instead of…

Otherwise…

/Nevertheless….3．難以結(jié)尾：常用模式：（1）、總結(jié) To

sum up…/ In brief…

（2）、個(gè)人觀

點(diǎn) Personally…/ As for me….現(xiàn)象解釋型：

模板一：

(1)Recently, _______.What amazes us

most is _______.It is true that _______.(2)There are many reasons explaining

_______.The main reason is ______.What is more, _______.Thirdly, ________.As a result _________.(3)Considering all these, ________.For

one thing, _________.For another, ______.In conclusion, ______.模板二：

（1）As is known to all, _______._________ seem to get accustomed to _________.In fact, __________.（2）The reasons of ______ lie in

several aspects.Firstly, ______.Secondly, ______.Thirdly, ______.Finally, _______.（3）As a matter of fact, ______.On

the one hand , ______.On the other hand, ______.Therefore, ______.現(xiàn)象解釋型敘事：

（1）It so happened that _______.Just

at the moment, ________.It impressed most because ________.（2）What happened was_______.At

first, _______.Almost at the same time, _______.What’s more, ______.As a result, ________.（3）As I understand, ______.On the

one hand , ______.On the other hand, ______.Therefore, ______.對(duì)比選擇型： 模板一：

（1）There is a heated debate over

_______.It is commonly accepted that ______.In contrast, others _______.（2）Those who hold the first opinion

suggest ________.In their view, ______.However, others think ______.They argue that ______.（3）Considering one after another, I

stand on the side of ______.First of all,_______.Furthermore, _______.Thirdly, ______.Therefore, ________.模板二：

(1)Recently, we may hear quite different

opinions _______.Most people take it for granted that ________.However, others hold ________.(2)A dominant idea is that _______.In

the view, ______.Nevertheless, the objectors think _______.They argue that ______.(3)As to me, I prefer ______.Therefore,______.On the one hand , ______.On the other hand, ______.In conclusion, _______.模板三：

(1)Different people will offer quite

different ideas _______.Many people assert _______.However, others believe ______.(2)Some may proclaim _______.They

maintain such an idea because _______.In contrast, the objectors think _______.They argue that _______.(3)As far as I am concerned, I agree to

_______.First, ______.Second, _____.Last but least, _______.In a word, ________.問(wèn)題解決型： 模板一：

（1）With the ______ of _______,_______.So it is of great importance for us to _______.On the one hand , ______.On the other hand, ______.（2）However, we have figured out

many ways to _______.Firstly,______.So long as _______.Secondly, _______.Thirdly, _______.（3）In fact, ______.That is because

_______.In a word, ______.模板二：

(1)There has been a discussion recently

about _______.It is true to the present situation that ________.But ______.(2)As is known to all, there are many

ways ______.First of all, ______.Furthermore, ______.Last but not least, _______.(3)So it is high time for us to _______.That is because _______.Firstly, _____.In addition, ______.Only in this way _______.觀點(diǎn)論證型：

It is well known that______.The truth of it is self—evident.No one can deny _____.Therefore, _______.Many examples can be found to prove _____.Take ______ as a typical example ______.People _____.Furthermore, ______.It goes without saying that _____.Then, _____.There is no doubt that ______.In conclusion, ________.It is believed that ______.The truth is deep and profound.As we know, ______.Consequently, ________.A case in point is _______.This is close to suggest _______.It is true that addition, _______.All mentioned above tells us ______.As a matter of fact, _______.There is no denying that _______.In short, ________.應(yīng)用文：

1.競(jìng)選演說(shuō)詞： Dear:

It is a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.To begin with, let me introduce myself, my name is _____.As some of you may know, I am ______.As for the position of ______., there are some things making me feel qualified to take the job.Firstly, I ______.Secondly, I______.Thirdly, I am good at _______.Looking into the future, I will try my best to serve my _______ if I am lucky enough to be the ______.On the one hand, I, with my co-workers, will _______.On the other hand, I will ______.In addition, I will ______.I wish all of you the best and thank you all for listening.Thank you!2.日程安排解說(shuō)詞：

Ladies and Gentlemen / Dear _______,Welcome to ________.To begin with, _______.It’s my pleasure to ______.Now to share the schedule with you, _______.Please keep in mind that _______.According to the schedule, ______.In addition, ______.As a matter of fact, ______.During your visit, ______.There is no doubt that ______.I hope that _____.Thank you very much for ______.3.建議信： Dear _____,I am delighted to learn that ______.It _______.In my opinion, ______.On the one hand, ______.On the other hand, ______.As to ______, I suggest ______.If ______.It is unnecessary for you to ______.In addition, ________.I am sure ________.Please inform me _______.I am looking forward to ________.Sincerely yours,Signature

4.批評(píng)、抱怨信： Dear ______,My name is ______.I am _______.I venture to write you a letter about _______.The focus of the complaint is ______.For

one thing, _______.For another, ______.Honestly speaking, _______.But _______.Besides,_______.All in all, there is still much room for improvement ______.I do hope _______.Thank you for your time and kind consideration.Sincerely yours,Signature

第三篇：四級(jí)作文開(kāi)頭中間結(jié)尾

四級(jí)考試技巧

(1)盡量使用同義詞避免簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，如“增加”可用 increase, rise, grow, climb, go up, soar等;“重要”可用 important, critical, vital, significant, crucial等。

(2)盡量使用詞性變化來(lái)豐富自己的表達(dá)手段。和漢語(yǔ)一樣，變化詞性也是豐富英語(yǔ)表達(dá)的重要途徑，是學(xué)習(xí)者提高英語(yǔ)水平的重要標(biāo)志。英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者如果能夠用to voice some different opinions 來(lái)替代to give/express some different opinions;或to double/triple 來(lái)表示翻倍或增加三倍則會(huì)使文章在表達(dá)上更為形象而生動(dòng)。

(3)盡量使用派生形式來(lái)點(diǎn)綴文章亮點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)的構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn)就是使用前綴、后綴來(lái)完成靈活多變的語(yǔ)言特色。例如，it is of great importance/help/use/significance 來(lái)替代 it is very important/significant/helpful/useful 本身就是英語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)綜合展示。另外，考生作文如果能夠出現(xiàn)not unnecessary/not unimportant 來(lái)表達(dá)非常重要或者必要，則更能顯示考生的英語(yǔ)功底。

6.靈活運(yùn)用句式變化的規(guī)則

前面也提過(guò)，四級(jí)作文長(zhǎng)度要求不少于120個(gè)詞，按考生作文句子的平均長(zhǎng)度11個(gè)詞估算，一般需要10—12 個(gè)句子。在四級(jí)作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)里，對(duì)于句子長(zhǎng)度雖然沒(méi)有具體描述和量化給分，但是閱卷老師一般都會(huì)給文章里使用正確的長(zhǎng)句子加上印象分，也會(huì)給錯(cuò)落有致的句式變化以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分?jǐn)?shù)，如果考生能夠在作文中恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡欢y度的復(fù)雜句子，則更能起到錦上添花的作用。在寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練中，考生其實(shí)可以欣賞范文，摘錄名句，改裝結(jié)構(gòu)，模仿使用，直到熟練運(yùn)用。筆者認(rèn)為只要努力，下面的策略可以幫助立志爭(zhēng)取作文高分的學(xué)生可以通過(guò)下面的幾個(gè)措施來(lái)提高作文水平。

(1)欣賞范文，但不要囫圇吞棗式地整篇背誦。準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)用的筆記本，從范文欣賞中摘抄自己喜歡的、老師講評(píng)的、值得推薦的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。比如：I love you not because who you are, but because who I am when I am with you.(我愛(ài)你，并不是因?yàn)槟闶钦l(shuí)，而是因?yàn)槲腋阍谝黄饡r(shí)的感覺(jué)。)Few People today, if any at all, would risk their lives swimming across the river dominated by flesh-eating crocodiles.(今天已經(jīng)很少有人，如果還有的話，愿意冒生命危險(xiǎn)游過(guò)那條鱷魚(yú)出沒(méi)的河流。), If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.(如果你沒(méi)能做計(jì)劃，你就是計(jì)劃著去失敗。)

(2)模仿名句，但不要生搬硬套。準(zhǔn)備足夠的草稿紙，把自己摘抄來(lái)的名句，(如有不懂，應(yīng)當(dāng)向明白人求教)拆卸八塊，然后重新組合，如是反復(fù)數(shù)次，直到熟練，甚至于可以自如組裝，靈活運(yùn)用。比如：上面的句子學(xué)生就可以在熟練掌握的基礎(chǔ)上分別演繹出：I suggest that you choose English as your major not because it is easier to learn, but because it is promising when you take better prospect of employment into account.(我建議你選擇英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)，并不是因?yàn)樗龑W(xué)起來(lái)更容易，而是因?yàn)樗星熬?，如果你考慮到更好的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。);Most of the students, if not all, are likely to be absorbed in PC games such as counterstrike, which is more frequently known as CS(大多數(shù)學(xué)生，如果不是所有的學(xué)生，很可能被諸如反擊這樣的電腦游戲所吸引，這種游戲經(jīng)常被更多的人叫做CS。).(3)巧用心思，套用經(jīng)典句型。鼓起勇氣，說(shuō)出自己想說(shuō)的話，如果是母語(yǔ)，可能還好辦，換成英語(yǔ)，大家最怕的是出錯(cuò)，出錯(cuò)扣分當(dāng)然不好。但是利用經(jīng)典句型組裝一些長(zhǎng)句子、靚句子和復(fù)雜句子對(duì)作文高分非常有幫助。比如作文開(kāi)頭常用句型：It is undoubted that …;there is no doubt that…;undoubtedly, there is…;It is beyond doubt that ….開(kāi)頭

Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern.最近,…問(wèn)題已引起人們的關(guān)注.Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已在我們的生活中扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角色.它給我們帶來(lái)了許多好處,但也產(chǎn)生了一些嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題.Nowadays,(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.如今,(人口過(guò)剩)已成為我們不得不面對(duì)的問(wèn)題了.It is commonly believed that… / It is a common belief that… 人們一般認(rèn)為…

Many people insist that… 很多人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為…

With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…隨著科技的發(fā)展,越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為…

A lot of people seem to think that… 很多人似乎認(rèn)為…

引出不同觀點(diǎn):

People’s views on… vary from person to person.Some hold that….However, others believe that….人們對(duì)…的觀點(diǎn)因人而異.有些人認(rèn)為…..然而其他人卻認(rèn)為．．．

People may have different opinions on… 人們對(duì)…可能會(huì)有不同的見(jiàn)解.Attitudes towards(drugs)vary from person to person.人們對(duì)待吸毒的態(tài)度因人而異.There are different opinions among people as to… 關(guān)于….人們的觀點(diǎn)大不相同.Different people hold different attitudes toward(failure).對(duì)(失敗)人們的態(tài)度各不相同.結(jié)尾

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有這些因素加以考慮,我們自然會(huì)得出結(jié)論…

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…考慮所有這些因素,我們可能會(huì)得出合理的結(jié)論…

Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that… 因此,我們最好得出這樣的結(jié)論…There is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),跳槽有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn).All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.總之,我們沒(méi)有…是無(wú)法生活的.但同時(shí),我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來(lái)對(duì)付可能出現(xiàn)的新問(wèn)題.提出建議:

It is high time that we put an end to the(trend).該是我們停止這一趨勢(shì)的時(shí)候了.It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …該是采納…的建議,并對(duì)…的進(jìn)展給予特殊重視的時(shí)候了.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of …

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),對(duì)…問(wèn)題應(yīng)予以足夠的重視.Only in this way can we… 只有這樣,我們才能… It must be realized that… 我們必須意識(shí)到…預(yù)示后果:

Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that… will lead us in danger.很明顯,如果我們不能控制這一問(wèn)題,很有可能我們會(huì)陷入危險(xiǎn).No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that…

毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),除非我們采取有效措施,很可能會(huì)…

It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.很緊迫的是,應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展.論證

From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.在我看來(lái),支持第一種觀點(diǎn)比支持第二種觀點(diǎn)更有道理.I cannot entirely agree with the idea that… 我無(wú)法完全同意這一觀點(diǎn)….Personally, I am standing on the side of … 就個(gè)人而言,我站在…的一邊.I sincerely believe that… 我真誠(chéng)地相信…

In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do….在我個(gè)人看來(lái),做…比做…更明智.Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why…

給出原因: This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First, … Second, … Third, …這一現(xiàn)象的存在是有許多原因的.首先, … 第二, … 第三, …

Why did… ? For one thing… For another….Perhaps the primary reason is…

為什么會(huì)…? 一個(gè)原因是… 令一個(gè)原因是… 或許其主要原因是….I quite agree with the statement that… the reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分贊同這一論述,即…,其主要原因如下:

列出解決辦法:

Here are some suggestions for handling… 這是如何處理某事的一些建議.The best way to solve the troubles is… 解決這些麻煩的最好辦法是…

People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.人們已找出許多辦法解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題.批判錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)和做法:

As far as something is concerned, ….就某事而言,…

It was obvious that… 很顯然,….It may be true that…, but it doesn’t mean that… 可能…是對(duì)的,但這并不意味著…

It is natural to believe that, but we shouldn’t ignore that認(rèn)為….是很自然的,但我們不應(yīng)忽視….There is no evidence to suggest that… 沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明…

如何連接

強(qiáng)調(diào) still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly, interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, above all, in fact, especially.Obviously, clearly.比較 like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.對(duì)比 by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast.列舉 for example, for instance, such as, take …for example.Except(for), to illustrate.順序 first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.可能 presumably, probably, perhaps.解釋 in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms.遞進(jìn) What is more, in addition, and, besides, also, furthermore, too, moreover, furthermore, as well as, additionally, again.轉(zhuǎn)折 however, rather than, instead of, but, yet, on the other hand, unfortunately.whereas原因 for this reason, due to, thanks to, because, because of, as, since, owing to.結(jié)果 as a result, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence.總結(jié) on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short.其他 Mostly, occasionally, currently, naturally, mainly, exactly, evidently, frankly, commonly, for this purpose, to a large extent, for most of us, in many cases, in this case,圖表作文常用句型

As is shown in the graph… 如圖所示…

The graph shows that… 圖表顯示…

As can be seen from the table,… 從表格中可以看出…

From the chart, we know that… 從這張表中,我們可知…

All these data clearly prove the fact that… 所有這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯證明這一事實(shí),即…

The increase of ….In the city has reached to 20%.….在這個(gè)城市的增長(zhǎng)已達(dá)到20%.In 1985, the number remained the same.1985年,這個(gè)數(shù)字保持不變.There was a gradual decline in 1989.1989年,出現(xiàn)了逐漸下降的情況.Reading Selectively or Extensively

1．現(xiàn)在，大眾都認(rèn)為讀書(shū)是非常重要的。

2．認(rèn)為要有選擇地讀書(shū)的人認(rèn)為讀書(shū)不在多而在精。

3．然而，認(rèn)為要廣泛讀書(shū)的人贊成說(shuō)廣泛讀書(shū)能使我們獲得大量知識(shí)。

Now, it’s generally accepted that reading is very important.But when it comes to how to read, there has sprung up a heated discussion as to whether we should read selectively or we should read extensively.Those who are in favor of the idea of reading selectively believe that it is not how much one reads but what he reads that really counts.For one thing, living in an age when much time has to be taken up by work and other activities, people are unable to find enough time to read extensively even if they tend to.For another, some hooks are harmful, such as pornographic hooks and magazines sold at the street hooks vendors.Lack of intelligent discrimination in this matter may cultivate one’s bad, indecent taste to such a degree that his mind might be.However, those who insist on reading extensively argue that it is through reading extensively that we obtain most of our knowledge.Now branches of knowledge overlap rather than remain isolated from each other.Only when one goes beyond his own field and reads widely, can he reallymake remarkable achievements in his study.In addition, the most valuable gifts bestowed by hooks are experience, broad view and wisdom.Thus a man who does not read or read only a selected number of hooks walks on this earth with a blindfold.英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1.本題滿分為15分。

2.閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等:2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷1至2份。

3.閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)照樣卷評(píng)分，若認(rèn)為與某一分?jǐn)?shù)(如8分)相似，即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)(即8分);若認(rèn)為稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該分?jǐn)?shù)，則可加1分(即9分)或減1分(即7分)。但不得加或減半分。

4.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):2分—條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

5分—基本切題。表達(dá)思路不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

8分—基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫;語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

11分—切題。表達(dá)思路清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。

14分—切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好?；旧蠠o(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。

第四篇：英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)四級(jí) 作文開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾句

文章開(kāi)頭句型

1-1 對(duì)立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,適用于有爭(zhēng)議性的主題.例如(e.g.)

[1].When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that.......But I think/view a bit differently.[2].When it comes to...., some people believe that.......Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but(I tend to the former/latter...)

[3].Now, it is commonly/generally/widely /believed/held/acknowledged that....They claim/ believe/argue that...But I wonder/doubt whether.....1-2 現(xiàn)象法 引出要剖析的現(xiàn)象或者問(wèn)題, 然后評(píng)論.e.g.[1].Recently the rise in problem of(phenomenon of)...has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.[2].Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of...has been brought into focus.[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality...is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.1-3 觀點(diǎn)法----開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,直接了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢鲎约簩?duì)要討論的問(wèn)題的看法.e.g.:

[1].Never history has the change of… been as evident as...Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of...been more visible/ popular than...[2].Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware)that...[3].Now there is a growing awareness/recognition to the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/ conscious of the importance of....[4].Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......1-4 引用法-----先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來(lái)引出文章要展開(kāi)論述的觀點(diǎn)!

e.g.:

[1].“Knowledge is power.” such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people.“Education is not complete with graduation.” Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher.Now more and more people share his opinion.[2].“.........” How often we hear such statements/words like those /this.In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this “......”.1-5 比較法------通過(guò)對(duì)過(guò)去,現(xiàn)在 兩種不同的傾向,觀點(diǎn)的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點(diǎn).e.g.:

[1].For years....had been viewed as...But people are taking a fresh look now.With the growing...,people........[2].People used to think that...(In the past,....)But people now share this new.1-6 故事法----先講一個(gè)較短的故事來(lái)引發(fā)讀者的興趣, 引出文章的主題.e.g.:

[1].Once in(a newspaper), I read of/learnt....The phenomenon of...has aroused public concern.[2].I have a friend who...Should he....? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.[3].Once upon a time, there lived a man who...This story may be(unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.文章中間主體內(nèi)容句型

原因結(jié)果分析

3-1-1.基本原因---分析某事物時(shí), 用此句型說(shuō)明其基本的或者多方面的原因.e.g:

[1].Why...?For one thing..., For another...[2].The answer to this problem involves many factors.For one thing...for another......Still another...[3].A number of factors, both physical and psychological affect..../both individual and social contribute to....3-1-2 另一原因--------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再補(bǔ)充一個(gè)次要的或者更重要時(shí)用!

e.g.:

[1].Another important factor is....[2]....is also responsible for the change/problem.[3].Certainly , the...is not the sole reason for.....3-1-3 后果影響---------分析某事物可能造成的后果或者帶來(lái)的影響.e.g.:

[1].It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....[2].In involves some serious consequence for........比較對(duì)照句型

3-2-1.兩者比較---> 比較兩事物, 要說(shuō)出其一超過(guò)另一個(gè), 或肯定一事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn), 也肯定其缺點(diǎn)的時(shí)候用!

e.g.:

[1].The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.[2].Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.[3].There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.3-2-2.兩者相同/相似------> 比較兩事物共同都有或者共同都沒(méi)有的特點(diǎn)時(shí)用!e.g.:

[1].A and B have several thing in common.They are similar in that.....[2].A bears some striking resemblance(s)to B.Chapter Three 文章結(jié)尾形式

2-1 結(jié)論性---------通過(guò)對(duì)文章前面的討論 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及觀點(diǎn).e.g.:

[1].From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that.....[2].In summary/In a word , it is more valuable.......2-2 后果性------揭示所討論的問(wèn)題若不解決, 將產(chǎn)生的嚴(yán)重后果.e.g.:

[1].We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of..., if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of.......[2].Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that..will be put in danger.2-3 號(hào)召性--------呼吁讀者行動(dòng)起來(lái), 采取行動(dòng)或提請(qǐng)注意.e.g.:

[1].It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of......[2].It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.2-4 建議性--------對(duì)所討論的問(wèn)題提出建議性的意見(jiàn), 包括建議和具體的解決問(wèn)題的方法.e.g.:

[1].While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways.The most popular is....Another method is...Still another one is.....[2].Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.2-5 方向性的結(jié)尾方式----其與建議性的唯一差別就是對(duì)問(wèn)題解決提出總的, 大體的方向或者指明前景.e.g.:

[1].Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough.The problem should be recognized in a wide way.[2].There is no quick method to the issue of.., but..might be helpful/beneficial.[3].The great challenge today is......There is much difficulty , but........2--6 意義性的結(jié)尾方式--------> 文章結(jié)尾的時(shí)候,從更高的更新的角度指出所討論的問(wèn)題的重要性以及其深遠(yuǎn)的意義!

e.g.:

[1].Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort.It will not only benefit but also benefit.....[2].In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly..

第五篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文經(jīng)典萬(wàn)能開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)和結(jié)尾語(yǔ)

英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試作文經(jīng)典萬(wàn)能開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)和結(jié)尾語(yǔ)

四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)句型

（1）用于描寫(xiě)漫畫(huà)、圖表的常用句型

①As the graph depicts , …

②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that …

③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,④The table shows / indicates / reveals that …

⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that …

（2）用于句首提出論題或現(xiàn)象的句型

①Recently , …h(huán)as become the focus of the society.②…h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.③Nowadays there is a growing concern for …

④Nowadays it is common to hear /see …

⑤…h(huán)as become a common occurrence in our daily life.⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of …⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that …

⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes …⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency …

⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face.（3）用于比較、闡述不同觀點(diǎn)的常用句型

①Some people like / prefer …, while others are / feel inclined to …②There are different opinions among people as to … Some believe … whole hold …③Some people claim that … is superior to … Others , however , disagree with it.④Some people believe … Others maintain … Still others claim …⑤Some people suggest … Others , however , hold the opposite opinion.⑥On the one hand , people tend to … On the other hand , they feel …⑦Some people argue that … Others , in contrast , believe that …

⑧Although more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that …

⑨On the contrary , there are people in favor of …

⑩There are some people who hold different opinions about …

（4）用于陳述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)/想法的常用句型

①M(fèi)y own experience tells me that …

②In my opinion , we should attack more importance to …

③As for my own idea about … I believe …

④As far as I am concerned , I plan to …

⑤Personally , I prefer …

⑥In my view , both sides are partly right in that …

⑦But for me , I would rather …

⑧My own point of view is that …

⑨In conclusion , I support the statement that …

⑩As regards me , I tend to choose …

（5）用于書(shū)信寫(xiě)作的常用句型

①Thank you for your letter of …

②It is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of … to accept …

③Thanks so much for your letter , which arrived …

④I am writing to you with reference to …

⑤I am writing to you in connection with …

⑥I would be grateful if you could / would …

⑦I would like to know some information on …

⑧It will be appreciated if you can / could …

⑨I would also like to know if you can / could …

⑩I look forward to hearing from you.（6）用于結(jié)尾的常用句型

①From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that …②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that …③It is high time that something was done about …

④From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that …⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that …⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that …

⑦It is clear , therefore , that …

⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to …

⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to …

⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that …

⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is …

⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one …

⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to …

⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that …⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …

四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作基本句式

以下是短文寫(xiě)作中使用率最高、覆蓋面最廣的基本句式，每組句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根據(jù)自己的情況選擇其中的1－2個(gè)，做到能夠熟練正確地仿寫(xiě)或套用。

1．表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this．

2）The reasons for this are as follows．

3）The reason for this is obvious．

4）The reason for this is not far to seek．

5）The reason for this is that．．．

6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

例如：

There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life

注：如考生寫(xiě)第一個(gè)句子沒(méi)有把握，可將其改寫(xiě)成兩個(gè)句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．這樣寫(xiě)可以避免套用中的表達(dá)失誤。

2．表示好處

1）It has the following advantages．

2）It does us a lot of good．

3）It benefits us quite a lot．

4）It is beneficial to us．

5）It is of great benefit to us．

例如：

Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.