第一篇：《情態(tài)動(dòng)詞》的用法 教案

《情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法》教案

一、教材分析: 這是初中的一個(gè)較重要也有難度的知識(shí)點(diǎn),作為動(dòng)詞中的一類,如何使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(could),must, have to, may(might),shall（should）,will, dare, need, aught to等是本次課程的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容.教學(xué)內(nèi)容是介紹情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義、特點(diǎn)、以及最重要的用法；最后加以練習(xí)進(jìn)行鞏固

二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)：

1.知識(shí)目標(biāo)：要求學(xué)生掌握使用表示猜測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.2.能力目標(biāo)：通過(guò)引導(dǎo)，讓學(xué)生能夠說(shuō)出學(xué)會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，在語(yǔ)境中的意思。3.情感目標(biāo)：讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)程中體驗(yàn)英語(yǔ)的生動(dòng)趣味性，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提高對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的求知欲。

三、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)

教學(xué)重點(diǎn): 學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(could), must, may，might,shall，should,ought to ,will(would),dare, need, have to等的用法以及各個(gè)相近情態(tài)動(dòng)詞間的區(qū)分.教學(xué)難點(diǎn): 各個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)分.四、教學(xué)方法：

以講解為主，舉例分析。

五、教學(xué)過(guò)程

教師：同學(xué)們，我們這節(jié)課要想學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，那1這個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞其實(shí)我們對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)也并不陌生，平時(shí)在句子的運(yùn)用也很多，那么大家告訴我情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有哪些？ 常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can(could), must, may，might, shall，should, ought to ,will(would),dare, need, have to（板書(shū)）

我們這節(jié)課主要來(lái)歸納下它的用法

1、本身具有一定詞意，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。為什么說(shuō)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)呢？

謂語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的陳述或說(shuō)明，指出“做什么”“是什么”或是“怎么樣”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用在行為動(dòng)詞前，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設(shè)想。（舉例：i can wash clothes）

2、無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化

We must stay here.我們必須待在這兒。He must stay here.他必須待在這兒。

3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面緊跟的一個(gè)動(dòng)詞用原形

She may lose her way.她可能迷路了。

4、否定形式直接在后面加no

下面我們開(kāi)始逐個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)它們的用法 [1] 首先是can/could的用法 A.表能力

can 表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could 表示過(guò)去的能力，要表示將來(lái)具備的能力通常 be able to 的將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。B.can和could 表允許，請(qǐng)求

表示請(qǐng)求或者允許時(shí)，兩者均可用，但用could 語(yǔ)氣更委婉更為禮貌些； Can [Could] I come in?（允許）

Can（could）you help me？（請(qǐng)求）

若是自己允許別人做某事，一般只用 can，而不用 could。如： Can [Could] I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎 “Could [Can] I use your pen? ”“Yes,of course you can.”

C.can和could 表推測(cè)

對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的推測(cè)，兩者均可用，但can 通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，一般不用于肯定句，而could則可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句；對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)，應(yīng)在can,could之后接動(dòng)詞的完成式，且此時(shí)can仍只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，不用于肯定句；而could 則可用于各種句型。如：

Can [Could] this be true? 這能是真的嗎

Where can [could] he have gone? 他能到哪里去了呢

She can’t [couldn’t] have left so soon.她不可能走得這么早。She could be at home.她可能在家

[2] must / may / might的用法

這三個(gè)詞常用于推測(cè)，在推測(cè)方面的用法分為四種情況。A.對(duì)將來(lái)情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。(1)．She must / may / might arrive before 5.5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。

B.對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be”，“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be doing”

e.g:(1)．He must / may / might be listening to the radio now.他一定/可能/也許正在聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。

(2)．He may(might)not be at home at this time.這個(gè)時(shí)候他不可能/可能不在家。

C.對(duì)一般情況的推測(cè)，或“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。

Everymornning he will sit here and read a newspaper.(每天早上他都會(huì)坐在這兒看報(bào)紙)D．對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have +過(guò)去分詞”。

e.g:(1)．It must / may / might have rained last night.The ground is wet.地濕了，昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。

[3] shall的用法 A.表征求意見(jiàn)（“好不好”）Shall we go now? B.威脅、警告、命令或根據(jù)規(guī)定有義務(wù)做 You shall leave at once!(威脅、警告)You shall clean theroom，it is your task.（義務(wù)，責(zé)任）C.表規(guī)章、法令、預(yù)言：“必須” 用于所有人稱 Every paasenger shall wait in a line.[4] should /ought to的用法 注：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should /ought to表推測(cè)時(shí)，意為“想必會(huì)，理應(yīng)??” A.責(zé)任，義務(wù)或要求，有時(shí)表示勸告：

You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.B.表示推測(cè)和可能性，是“(按理說(shuō))應(yīng)該”之意 肯定的語(yǔ)氣沒(méi)有must用于推測(cè)時(shí)強(qiáng) This pen ought to /should be yours.C.should與“have +過(guò)去分詞”連用時(shí)，則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣意為 例如：should have done 本應(yīng)該做某事而沒(méi)有做 Should’nt have done 本不應(yīng)該做某事卻做了。

[5] Would和will的用法

A．表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。如： Would you pass me the book? B．表示意志、愿望和決心。Will表示現(xiàn)在的意愿，would表示過(guò)去的意愿，也可以表示現(xiàn)在的意愿，語(yǔ)較為委婉。如： I will never do that again.Yesterday he would’nt helped me.I would like a cup of tea.C．用“will be”和“will(would)+ have + 過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)，前者表示對(duì)目前情況的推測(cè)，后者表示對(duì)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。如： This will be the book you want.He will have arrived by now.D．will表示習(xí)慣、請(qǐng)求，固有性質(zhì)等。

Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.（習(xí)慣）Will you help me with my English?（請(qǐng)求）E．表料想或猜想。如：

It would be about ten when he left home.[6] dare(dared)的用法

Dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： How dare you say I'm unfair.He daren't speak English before such a crowd,dare he? She dare not say what she thinks.她不敢說(shuō)她是怎么想的

[7] need的用法

need表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,ought to，或should代替。如： You needn’t come so early.— Need I finish the work today? —Yes,you must.注意：needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事”。如： You needn't have waited for me.[8]must 和haveto的用法

A.must表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。如：

The play is not interesting.I really must go now.這部劇沒(méi)意思。我真的必須現(xiàn)在就走。B.二者的否定意義不大相同。如： You mustn't go.你可不要去。You don't have to go.你不必去。

C.詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿時(shí)應(yīng)用must。如：

Must I clean all the room?我一定要打掃整個(gè)房間嗎？Yes,you must.No,you needn’t.教師總結(jié)：這節(jié)課總結(jié)了主要的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，內(nèi)容較多，給大家5分鐘時(shí)間來(lái)消化下，看完后有什么疑問(wèn)或是哪個(gè)詞的用法不是很清楚就提出來(lái)。教師：教大家一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的口訣口訣：動(dòng)詞原形接后面，說(shuō)話語(yǔ)氣較委婉。can “能力”may“許可”，must“責(zé)任”或“義務(wù)”。否定回答needn’t換，“需要”need, dare“敢”。should“應(yīng)該”，would“愿”，have to“被迫”表客觀。

3、課堂練習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)鞏固

教師：我們學(xué)完了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，下面來(lái)做些練習(xí)。

2.Jane have come to the party, but she not find the exact time.A.could;could B.might;could C.should;could D.should;would

3.So many mistakes in your homework!You more careful.A.may be B.had to C.would be D.should have been

4．Her brotherbe at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.A.mustn’t B.needn’t

C.can’t D.shouldn't

5．---I can’t understand why our boss is late.---He the early bus.A.could miss

B.may have missed

C.can have missed D.might miss

第二篇：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)

1.沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

2.有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式的變化：

will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared

can(could)

1.表示能力。

Two eyes can see more than one.2.表示允許。

Can I have a look at your new pen?

Can(Could)you lend me a hand?

3.表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中。

Where can(could)they have gone to?

He can’t(couldn’t)be over sixty.How can you be so careless?

4.表示猜測(cè)(肯定句把握較??；否定句幾乎為100%把握)

The temperature can fall to 10℃.You can’t be serious.may(might)

1．表允許，might是may的過(guò)去式;用在疑問(wèn)中比may委婉、客氣。

You may take whatever you like.He told me that I might smoke in the room.2.表可能（事實(shí)上）。語(yǔ)氣不肯定。

He may be at home.他可能在家。

She may not know about it.I am afraid they might not agree with him.They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.must

1.表必須（主觀意志）

We must do everything we can to help him.You mustn’t talk to her like that.--Must we hand in our exercise books now?

--No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.2.表示很有把握的推斷，意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。have(has)to：

have(has)got to 必須, 不得不。過(guò)去式為had to。

He must be ill.He looks so pale.She must have a lot of money, for she drives a BMW.shall

1.表征詢意見(jiàn)，用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句。

Shall I get you some tea?

Shall the boy wait outside?

It's a fine day.Let's go fishing, shall we?

2.表說(shuō)話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。

You shall do as I say.（命令）

You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.（允諾）

He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.（警告）

Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.（決心）

will

1.表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述句。

I will do anything for you.If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you.2.表請(qǐng)求，用于疑問(wèn)句。

Don't smoke in the meeting room, will you?

Won’t you drink some more coffee? 3.表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

Fish will die out of water.The door won’t open.would

1.表意愿。

They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.2.表委婉地提出請(qǐng)求、建議或看法。

Would you like another glass of beer?

3.表過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去的一種傾向。

Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.should

1.表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”，用于各種人稱。

You should listen to the doctor's advice.你應(yīng)該聽(tīng)從醫(yī)生建議的。

You should study the article carefully.你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)讀那篇文章。

2.表推測(cè)，意為“想必一定、照說(shuō)應(yīng)該、估計(jì)”等。

The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.那部電影想必很棒，都是一流的演員。

They should be home by now.現(xiàn)在他們應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到家了 ought to

1.意為“應(yīng)該”，口氣比should稍重。

Ought you to smoke so much? 你應(yīng)該抽這樣多煙嗎？

You ought to write to the mayor.您應(yīng)該給市長(zhǎng)寫信。

2.表推測(cè)，暗含很大的可能。

She ought to know his telephone number.她應(yīng)該知道他的電話號(hào)碼。

used to

過(guò)去常常, 現(xiàn)在不復(fù)發(fā)生或存在。

The Greeks used to worship several gods.過(guò)去,希臘人崇奉好幾種神。

He used to smoke.他過(guò)去抽煙（現(xiàn)在不抽了）。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)用法

⒈ 肯定句中：

must(一定)，may(可能)，might/could(也許，或許)其語(yǔ)氣的肯定程度依次遞減。其中，might 和could并非過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，只是語(yǔ)氣較為委婉或可能性較小 ⑴ 對(duì)當(dāng)前行為、情況或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)：

must /may /might /could + do/be

He must/may/might/could be in the reading room.他肯定/可能/也許在閱覽室里。

I must look funny in this hat.我戴這頂帽子看起來(lái)一定很滑稽。

⑵ 對(duì)此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)：

must /may/ might/ could + be doing

想必/可能正在……

He must /may/ might/ could be watching TV at this time.他此時(shí)一定/可能/或許在看電視。

They must be waiting for us.他們肯定在等著我們。

⑶ 對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)：

must /may /might /could + have +過(guò)去分詞

想必/可能已經(jīng)……

They must have arrived by now.現(xiàn)在他們肯定已到了。

You look very tired.You must have stayed up last night.看上去你很疲勞，你昨晚一定熬夜了。

You may have read about it in the papers.你可能在報(bào)上已讀到這件事了。

⑷ 過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：

must/may /might/ could + have + been +doing

想必/可能一直在……

They are sweating all over.They must have been working in the fields.他們渾身是汗，準(zhǔn)是在地里勞動(dòng)來(lái)著。

He may have been waiting for us for an hour.他可能等我們一小時(shí)了。

2．否定句中：

can/could not

不可能，想必不會(huì)

may/might not

可能不

⑴對(duì)當(dāng)前行為、情況或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)：

can/could not+動(dòng)詞原形

不可能，想必不會(huì)

may/might not +動(dòng)詞原形

可能不

He may not be busy now.也許他現(xiàn)在不忙。

He can not be busy now.他現(xiàn)在一定不忙。

He can’t be in the reading room.I saw him on the playground just now.他不可能在閱覽室里，我剛看到他在操場(chǎng)上。

⑵對(duì)此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)：

can/could not + be doing

不可能，想必不會(huì)在干某事

may/might not + be doing

可能沒(méi)在干某事

They can’t be telling the truth.他們不可能在說(shuō)真話。

They may not be telling the truth.他們可能沒(méi)在說(shuō)真話。

⑶對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)：

can/could not + have +過(guò)去分詞

不可能，想必不會(huì)做過(guò)某事

may/might not + have +過(guò)去分詞

可能沒(méi)干過(guò)某事

He can’t have finished the work so soon.這項(xiàng)工作他不可能完成得這樣快。

He may not have achieved all his aims.But his effort is a good one.他可能沒(méi)達(dá)到他的全部目的，但他還是認(rèn)真做了努力的。

⑷過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：

can’t /couldn’t/may not have been doing

He can’t have been waiting for us so long.他不可能等我們那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

3．疑問(wèn)句中：

常用can/could來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的猜疑、懷疑或不肯定的語(yǔ)氣

⑴ 對(duì)當(dāng)前行為、情況或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)：

can/could + 主語(yǔ)+ do/be

Where can he be now?

他現(xiàn)在會(huì)在哪里呢？

Can it be true?

那會(huì)是真的嗎？

⑵ 對(duì)此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)：

can/could +主語(yǔ)+ be doing

It’s so late.Can Tom be reading?

這么晚了，湯姆還在看書(shū)嗎？

What can he be doing?

他可能在做什么呢？

⑶ 對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)：

can/could +主語(yǔ)+have done

Can she have told a lie?

她會(huì)不會(huì)說(shuō)謊了？

Where can she have gone?

她會(huì)上哪兒去了呢？

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的辨析

need和dare

1.用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

Need he go yesterday? 昨天他有去的必要嗎?

I don’t think you need worry.She dare not go out alone at night.How dare you say I’m unfair?

2.用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

She needs the work done before tomorrow.她必須在明天以前找人完成這項(xiàng)工作。

The table needs painting(to be painted.).I dare say he’ll come again.can 和be able to

be able to 表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力后, 能夠做到;be able to 有多種形式的變化。

can

1.表示體力或腦力方面的能力;

2.表示允許、可能性。

could 是can的過(guò)去式, 表示過(guò)去有能力及過(guò)去存在的可能性；用于疑問(wèn)句表示委婉地

提出問(wèn)題。

1.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.2.—Will you stay for lunch?

—Sorry, I can’t.My brother is coming to see me.must和have to

must表示主觀意志，而have to表示由于客觀因素。

I told her that she must give up smoking.We had to get everything ready that night.would和used to

1）used to “過(guò)去常?！? 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反;would表過(guò)去意愿。

People used to think that the earth was flat.She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)論是表達(dá)“推測(cè)和可能性”，還是表達(dá)“虛擬”這一概念，只要是對(duì)過(guò)去

已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事

情進(jìn)行描述，一律用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”這一結(jié)構(gòu)；對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的事情進(jìn)行

描述，用“情態(tài)

動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞原形”。

2．should(not)/ ought(not)to在中表示根據(jù)常規(guī)或常識(shí)推測(cè)，表示“某事應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該

發(fā)生”，語(yǔ)氣比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。

3.can, could表達(dá)推測(cè)時(shí)，一般用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一種理論

上的可能性，并不牽涉是否真的會(huì)發(fā)生，在這種用法中can只能與動(dòng)詞原形連用；could用于肯定

句中，語(yǔ)氣比

may/ might更弱。

4.must表達(dá)“情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣”主要有以下用法：

(1)表示主觀的義務(wù)和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，意思為“必須……，得……，要……”；由

must引起的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用needn’t或don’

t have to,意

思是“不必”。另外，must與have to都可以表示“必須”這一含義。must表示一

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥：

種主觀的需要，而have to表示一種客觀的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don’ have to。

(2)must用于條件句或疑問(wèn)句中，可以用來(lái)表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏要，硬要、干

嘛”。

5.在虛擬條件句中用以加強(qiáng)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣，表示“與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)”，用 If+主語(yǔ)+

should +動(dòng)詞

原形，當(dāng)“萬(wàn)一(會(huì))”講。這時(shí)可省略if，將should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。If it

should rain

(=Should it rain)tomorrow, I would stay at home.萬(wàn)一明天下雨的話，我就待在家里。

6.should還可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某事不能理解、趕到意外、驚異等意思，譯為“竟然，竟會(huì)”。

You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.魚(yú)兒，在水中串上串下，吐著頑皮的泡泡；鳥(niǎo)兒從荷葉上空飛過(guò)，想親吻荷花姑娘的芳澤。四周的花兒，紫的，黃的，白的，紅的，競(jìng)相開(kāi)放。大紅花兒，張著大嘴，放聲歌唱；燈籠花兒，隨風(fēng)搖墜，四處飄香；劍蘭花兒，形態(tài)獨(dú)特，毫不遜色。它們與荷塘之景交相輝映，美不勝收 此時(shí)，我的心情興奮到極點(diǎn)，好久好久沒(méi)有看過(guò)如此美的景色了。若果我有一雙會(huì)畫(huà)畫(huà)的手，我定把這如癡如醉的荷塘活色生香的描繪一番；若果我有一部高像素的相機(jī)，我定不放過(guò)每個(gè)花開(kāi)的鏡頭；若果我是一個(gè)詩(shī)人，我定把這荷塘每片光鮮艷麗的色澤融入人生的詩(shī)篇。我更期待，期待盛夏的荷塘色，期待那更加妖嬈多姿，色澤鮮艷的荷花，期待初夏生機(jī)勃勃、揮汗如雨的激情生活！

第三篇：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need用法小結(jié)

一、NEED與句子類型

（本條可參照ANY的用法。）NEED可用于：

1.否定句/含有否定意義的句子 1)否定句

含not/hardly/never/nobody等詞語(yǔ)。I needn’t say anything.He need hardly advise me.You never need tell me this or that.Nobody need help me.I don’t think he need come.（否定轉(zhuǎn)移）

注：NEEDN’T的意思其實(shí)有三種，即不必要/不一定/不應(yīng)該，視具體語(yǔ)境而定。2)含有否定意義的句子

含only/but/all/before/than等詞語(yǔ)。He need only wait here.You need but consider the matter to understand its importance.That’s all that need be said.Do not stay longer than you need.There was another hour before I need go out into the cold.2.疑問(wèn)句/表示疑問(wèn)的從句 1)疑問(wèn)句（包括否定疑問(wèn)句）Need he say it again? 2)表示疑問(wèn)的從句

I wonder whether/if I need see her.3.條件句

含if/unless等詞。

If he need come, he will.本條要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單概括起來(lái)就是，NEED不能用于肯定句。以下的各種用法也遵循這條規(guī)則。

二、NEED與時(shí)態(tài) 1.現(xiàn)在時(shí)

NEED常用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)。You needn’t stay.2.將來(lái)時(shí)

You needn’t have your blood pressure taken tomorrow.3.過(guò)去時(shí)

NEED的過(guò)去式仍然是NEED。1)過(guò)去時(shí)間由一過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示 He need not come yesterday.2)過(guò)去時(shí)間由另一過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞表示。All he need do was to inquire.It was clear that he need never trouble to get up at seven again.I told him he needn’t be in a terrible fix.注：表示過(guò)去的NEED常用于間接引語(yǔ)中。（本條可參照must的用法）

三、NEED與虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1)NEED用于虛擬條件句

（本條可參照虛擬條件句的構(gòu)成及用法。）If money were useless, we need not struggle for it.If you had been careful enough, you need not have suffered.注：本條用法較為少見(jiàn)。

2)NEED單獨(dú)使用：NEEDN’T HAVE DONE（本條可參照SHOULDN’T HAVE DONE的用法。）You need not have worried.注：NEED HAVE DONE的形式較為少見(jiàn)

Need you have scolded him so severely for his bad work? He had done his best.（否定意味）

He need have gone and sent that letter in person.（實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做）

四、NEED與推測(cè)

NEEDN’T表示“不一定”。（本條可參照must/can的用法。）1)NEEDN’T+BE

It needn’t be hot in Florida now.對(duì)比：

It can’t be hot in Florida now.（一定不）It must be hot in Florida now.（一定）2)NEEDN’T+HAVE DONE

He need not have seen much of the world, though he is an old man.對(duì)比：

He can’t have seen much of the world, for he is just a little boy.He must have seen much of the world, for he has been traveling so widely.五、NEED與問(wèn)句 1)反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成 You needn’t go, need you? 2)答句的構(gòu)成---Need he go?---Yes, he must/has to/needs to.---No, he needn’t.（本條可參照must的用法）

六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞NEED與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞NEED 1)使用范圍

作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的NEED有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，使用范圍更為廣泛，不受句子類型和時(shí)態(tài)的限制。在肯定句、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中，一般使用作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的NEED。

He needs to see a doctor straightaway.（此處needs to不能換做need，因?yàn)楸揪涫强隙ň洌?/p>

Will he need to start earlier? 注：

NEED TO BE DONE與NEED DOING可以互換，后者更為常用（這里的NEED均為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）。2)含義差別

NEEDN’T HAVE DONE與DIDN’T NEED TO DO表示“不必要”的時(shí)候，在意義上有所差別，前者表示“本不必做??”，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了（NEED為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）；后者單純地表示“不必做??”（NEED為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）。

第四篇：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教案

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

【考綱解讀】

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣有千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系，它們往往放在一起考查。在近年高考題中，對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查幾乎每年都有縱觀近幾年的高考題可以看出，高考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查熱點(diǎn)依次是：（1）推測(cè)和可能性；（2）“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示猜測(cè)或表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣；（3）shall, should, can, must表示特定語(yǔ)氣。尤其是對(duì)“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”結(jié)構(gòu)的考查頻率較高。試題的情景設(shè)置往往生動(dòng)、真實(shí)，但考查的角度趨于細(xì)微化和綜合化，有效信息較為隱蔽，這就決定了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞題是難題之一。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞題每年都考，所以本專題在高考中的重要地位是顯而易見(jiàn)的。因而在復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)引起高度重視，且依筆者之見(jiàn)，來(lái)年高考中對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考查的可能性依然非常大。【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】

一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征

1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱、數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒(méi)有不定式，分詞等形式。

二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法 1.比較can 和be able to 1)can could 表示能力；可能(過(guò)去時(shí)用could)，只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)(could)。be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。

They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。2)只用be able to中情況： 位于助動(dòng)詞后； 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后；

表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)； 用于句首表示條件；

表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)前，他就逃離歐洲了。

注意：could，在否定，疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。表示提出委婉的請(qǐng)求（注意在回答中不可用could）。

—Could I have the television on? —Yes，you can./No，you can’t.He couldn’t be a bad man.他不大可能是壞人。2.比較may和might

1)表示允許或請(qǐng)求；表示沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你！He might be at home.他有可能在家。

注意：might 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。

2)may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為“不妨，還是……好”。You may(might)as well tell me the truth.你還是對(duì)我說(shuō)實(shí)話好。3.比較have to和must

1)兩詞都是“必須”的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要，must 表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法，即主觀上的必要。

My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。(客觀上需要做這件事)

He said that they must work hard.他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）

2)have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。

He had to look after his sister yesterday.昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹。3)在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：

don’t have to 表示“不必”（可以不可以都行）；mustn’t表示“禁止” You don’t have to tell him about it.你不必把此事告訴他。You mustn’t tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。4.must表示推測(cè)

1)must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定”。

2)must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，must 后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be 的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。

You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)判斷）He must be working in his office.他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較：He must be staying there.他現(xiàn)在肯定在那里。He must stay there.他必須待在那里。

3)must 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，must 要接完成式。I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我剛才沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到電話，我想必是睡著了。

4)must表示對(duì)過(guò)去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，must 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。—Why didn’t you answer my phone call?

—Well，I must have been sleeping，so I didn’t hear it.5)否定推測(cè)用can’t。

If Tom didn’t leave here until five o’clock，he can’t be home yet.如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開(kāi)這兒，他此時(shí)一定還未到家。5.表示推測(cè)的用法

can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推測(cè)，其用法如下： 1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形

表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況的推測(cè)，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。I don’t know where she is，she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪兒，她可能在武漢。2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)正在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。

At this moment，our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.這時(shí)，我們老師想必在批改試卷。

3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。

We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年12月底前我們很可能已完成這項(xiàng)工作了。The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。Your mother must have been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。

5)推測(cè)的否定形式，疑問(wèn)形式用can’t，couldn’t表示。

Mike can’t have found his car，for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒(méi)有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥?lái)上班的。

注意：could，might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)，其推測(cè)的程度不如can，may。6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過(guò)去分詞

1)may(might)have+done sth.can(could)have+done sth.表示過(guò)去，推測(cè)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情。

Philip may(might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.飛利浦在那場(chǎng)車禍中有可能傷的很嚴(yán)重。

2)must have+done sth.對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，具有“肯定”“諒必”的意思。

—Linda has gone to work，but her bicycle is still here.—She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth.／should have done sth.本應(yīng)該做某事，而事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有做。否定句表示“不該做某事而做了”。

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事實(shí)上已扔了。）ought to 在語(yǔ)氣上比should 要強(qiáng)。4)needn’t have done sth.本沒(méi)必要做某事 I dressed very warmly for the trip，but I needn’t have done so.The weather was hot.那次旅行，我穿的非常暖和，但我本沒(méi)有必要那么去做。天太熱了。5)would like to have done sth.本打算做某事

I would like to have read the article，but I was very busy then.我本想讀那本書(shū)，但我那時(shí)太忙了。7.should 和ought to

should 和ought to 都為“應(yīng)該”的意思，可用于各種人稱。—Ought he to go?

—Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求，命令時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣由 should（應(yīng)該），had better最好），must（必須）漸強(qiáng)。8.had better表示“最好”

had better 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。had better do sth.最好干某事

had better not do sth.最好不干某事

had better have done sth.表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果，意為“本來(lái)最好”。9.would rather表示“寧愿” would rather do 寧可干某事

would rather not do 寧可不干某事 would rather...than...寧愿……而不愿

還有would sooner，had rather，had sooner都表示“寧愿”“寧可”的意思。I would rather stay here than go home.=I would stay here rather than go home.我寧可待在這兒也不回家。

10.will和would

1)would like；would like to do=want to 想要，為固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?你想和我一塊兒去嗎？

2)Will you...? Would you like...?表示肯定含義的請(qǐng)求勸說(shuō)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句 中一般用some，而不是any。

Would you like some cake?要蛋糕嗎？

3)否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用will，一般不用would，won’t you是一種委婉語(yǔ)氣。Won’t you sit down?你不坐嗎? 11.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答方式

must和need相同:Yes,...must.No,...needn't/don't have to may和can could相同:Yes,...may/can/could.No,...mustn't/...'d better not/can't.shall:Yes,...can/may.No,...can't.should:Yes,...should.No,...shouldn't.will和would差不多:Yes,...do/will.No,...won't/thanks.典型例題

1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?---Yes,of course,you____.A.might B.will C.can D.should 答案C.could表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣,并不為時(shí)態(tài).答語(yǔ)中of course,表示肯定的語(yǔ)氣,允許某人做某事時(shí),用can和 may來(lái)表達(dá),不能用could或might.復(fù)習(xí)：will 與you連用,用來(lái)提出要求或下命令.should與you 連用,用來(lái)提出勸告.2）---Shall I tell John about it?---No,you ___.I've told him already.A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't 答案A.needn't 不必,不用.wouldn't 將不,mustn't 禁止、不能.shouldn't 不應(yīng)該.本題為不需要,不必的意思,應(yīng)用needn't.3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.---______.A.I don't B.I won't C.I can't D.I haven't 答案B.will既可當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表請(qǐng)求、建議、也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表“意愿、意志、決心”,本題表示決心,選B.12.比較need和dare

一、need表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to，或should代替。多用在否定式或疑問(wèn)句中.1.Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?

我需要明天參加會(huì)議嗎? 2.You need not hand in the paper this week.這一周你不必交論文。

need 是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，他的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，但 need 還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，這時(shí) need 就象其他動(dòng)詞一樣，有第三人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，后面加帶 to 的動(dòng)詞等特性。1.I need a bike to go to school.我上學(xué)需要一輛自行車。2.Do you need a dictionary? 你需要詞典嗎? 3.She needs a necklace.她需要一條項(xiàng)鏈。

needn't + have + 過(guò)去分詞 表示過(guò)去做了沒(méi)必要做的事情。You needn't have taken it seriously.這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。

二、Dare表示“敢”，Dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。多用在否定或疑問(wèn)句中。1.The little girl dare not speak in public.小女孩不敢在公眾面前說(shuō)話。2.Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小貓嗎? dare 除用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞外，更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，用法同實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣，要考慮人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)等。

1.Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路嗎？

2.He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。

三、Dare和need常用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，所不同的是，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接帶to的不定式，在否定和疑問(wèn)句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。如：

I dare to swim across this river.He does not dare(to)answer.Don't you dare(to)touch it!I wondered he dare(to)say that.He needs to finish it this evening.另外need 的被動(dòng)含義：need，want，require，worth（形容詞）后面接doing，也 可以表示被動(dòng)：need doing=need to be done Shall用于第一人稱,表示征求對(duì)方的意愿.如：What shall we do this evening? 2.Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中,表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示.如：Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 3.Shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅.如：You shall fail if you don't work harder.（警告）He shall have the book when I finish reading.（允諾）He shall be punished.（威脅）

第五篇：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教案

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教案

Teaching Aims 【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】 1.Knowledge Aims（知識(shí)目標(biāo)）

1.掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must, need, should…的含義和特點(diǎn)； 2.掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。

2.Ability Aims（能力目標(biāo)）

1.Encourage the students to cooperate with others and enable them to formulate

grammatical rules.2.By learning, motivate the students 'inspiration and take an active part in the course of the class.3.Emotion Aims（情感目標(biāo)）

Build up the student’s confidence.Teaching Importance and Difficulties 【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)】

1.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句和否定句； 2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法。

Teaching Methods(教學(xué)方法)

Self-learning，cooperation and discussion自學(xué)（獨(dú)學(xué)、對(duì)學(xué)、群學(xué)）、合作、討論

Teaching Process(教學(xué)過(guò)程)Preparation and Self-learning 【自主學(xué)習(xí)、為新課奠基】

Complete the following tasks.（A級(jí) 識(shí)記類）（C層學(xué)生展示，B、A層學(xué)生補(bǔ)充）

一、何謂“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”？

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的情感、態(tài)度等，是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)，也是高考的熱點(diǎn)，是單項(xiàng)填空必考的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在近五年高考中主要考查四點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)和可能性的用法；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)“情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣等”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。

二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn) 1.沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。2.有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式的變化: e.g.will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared

三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ not +動(dòng)詞原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't Cooperation and Discussion 【合作探究、討論解疑】

Reading------知識(shí)問(wèn)題化、問(wèn)題層次化，提高閱讀能力?。˙級(jí) 理解類）（B、C層學(xué)生展示，A層學(xué)生補(bǔ)充）

四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法及相互間的區(qū)別（注意：這是?？嫉目键c(diǎn)）

1.can , be able to be able to 表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力后, 能夠做到;be able to 有多種形式的變化。can 1).表示體力或腦力方面的能力;2).表示允許、可能性。

could 是can的過(guò)去式, 表示過(guò)去有能力及過(guò)去存在的可能性;用于疑問(wèn)句表示委婉地提出問(wèn)題。

1)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to 2)-Will you stay for lunch?-Sorry, __.My brother is coming to see me.A.I mustn't B.I can't C.I needn't D.I won't 2.may 表示詢問(wèn)或說(shuō)明一件事可不可做;表示某事有可能發(fā)生。might是may的過(guò)去式;用在疑問(wèn)中比may委婉、客氣。1)-May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustn't.(Yes, you may.)2)-Might I make a suggestion?-Yes, you may.3.must 1).表示必須要做的事: 必須

2)表示很有把握的推斷: 一定, 準(zhǔn)是。have(has)to : have(has)got to 必須, 不得不。過(guò)去式: had to 3)-Must I get to the station before three o'clock?-Yes, you must.(No, you needn't.)4)I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.5)She must be in the classroom now.6)Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.can't D.may not 4.shall 1)在疑問(wèn)句中, 用于第一、三人稱表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)求。2)用于二、三人稱,表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的 命令、警告、允諾等概念。1)Yes, please.(No, please don't.)2)You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3)Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.4)Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____? A.does he B.doesn't he C.will he D.isn't he 5)It's a fine day.Let's go fishing, ____? A.won't we B.will we C.don't we D.shall we 5.should 應(yīng)該;應(yīng)當(dāng)

1)You should listen to the doctor's advice.2)You should study the article carefully.6.will, would 1)在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱,表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問(wèn)。用would語(yǔ)氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)。

2)will 表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);would 表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。3)will 用于各種人稱, 表示 意志、意愿、決心、允諾;would 表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的 意志、意愿、......。

(1)Don't smoke in the meeting room, ___ you? A.do youB.will you C.can you D.could you-Will you come with me?-Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.)(2)-Would you tell us something about yourself?-Yes, I will.(3)_____.A.I don't B.I won't C.I can't D.I haven't 7.ought to 應(yīng)該;應(yīng)當(dāng)

1)You oughtn't to smoke too much.2)She ____ for what she has done.A.ought to praise B.ought be praised C.ought to have praised D.ought to be praised 8.dare 1.dare to come 2.dare come 1)He dare not tell the truth.2)He doesn't dare to come out at night.3)I don't know whether he ____ try.A.dare B.needs C.wants D.is allowed 9.need 1).作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:必須 2).作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞: 需要

A.主語(yǔ)是人 need(to do something;to be done by somebody)B.主語(yǔ)是事物 need(doing;to be done)1)-Do they need to take any books with them?-No, they don't need to.2)-Need we buy any new equipment?-No, we needn't.3)This farm tool needs repairing.This farm tool needs to be repaired.4)-Shall I tell John about it ?-No, you ___.I've told him already.A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't 5)It's a fine day.You ____ take a raincoat with you.A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.may not [★★★]

五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的解題例析

(1)認(rèn)真審題，結(jié)合所給出的語(yǔ)境，正確把握說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣、情感、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。

(2)認(rèn)真思考所給選項(xiàng)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本特征和用法，并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境推敲答案。(3)要注意把握時(shí)間概念。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)論是表達(dá)“推測(cè)和可能性”，還是表達(dá)“虛擬”這一概念，只要是對(duì)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行描述，一律用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”這一結(jié)構(gòu)；對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的事情進(jìn)行描述，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：

（NMET2008山東，24）Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.A.can manage

B.could have managed C.could manage D.can have managed 根據(jù)題干中所給出的時(shí)間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作，已經(jīng)完成，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)，再結(jié)合could have done表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣以及與前面的I don’t think…，故說(shuō)話者想表達(dá)的意思是：離開(kāi)了你，我們本不可能完成這項(xiàng)工作。故答案為B項(xiàng)。

Expansion and Improvement【知識(shí)拓展、能力提升】（D級(jí) 拓展類）（C、B層學(xué)生展示，A層學(xué)生補(bǔ)充）

★下面我們來(lái)看看?？嫉囊恍┣閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞★

以下試題均來(lái)源于往年的高考試題，具有很強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性

(1)must表示推測(cè)，意為“一定??”，只能用于肯定句中。must have done意為：一定做過(guò)某事或某事肯定發(fā)生了。例如：

—She looks very happy.She ______ have passed the exam.—I guess so.It’s not difficult after all.A.should

B.could

C.must

D.might 【解析】句意為：她看上去很高興，一定是通過(guò)了考試?！敬鸢浮緾(2)should(not)/ ought(not)to在中表示根據(jù)常規(guī)或常識(shí)推測(cè)，表示“某事應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該發(fā)生”，語(yǔ)氣比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。例如：—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.A.will

B.would

C.should

D.must 【解析】should此處表示推測(cè)，意為“應(yīng)該”。【答案】C ②There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A.mustn’t

B.shan’t

C.shouldn’t

D.needn’t 【解析】句意：既然你在駕校進(jìn)行了大量訓(xùn)練，那么通過(guò)道路測(cè)試按理不應(yīng)該有困難?！敬鸢浮緾(3)can, could表達(dá)推測(cè)時(shí)，一般用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一種理論上的可能性，并不牽涉是否真的會(huì)發(fā)生，在這種用法中can只能與動(dòng)詞原形連用；could用于肯定句中，語(yǔ)氣比may/ might更弱。例如： ①You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!

A.wouldn’t

B.can’t

C.mustn’t

D.needn’t ②She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.A.can’t

B.wouldn’t

C.shouldn’t

D.needn’t ③It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.A.must

B.can

C.should

D.would ④Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.A.shall

B.should

C.can

D.must 【解析】①② 兩個(gè)考題中can用于中表示否定的推測(cè)，意為：不可能，一定不會(huì)； ③④兩個(gè)考題中can表示理論上的可能性，翻譯為：有時(shí)候會(huì)???！敬鸢浮竣?B ② A

③ B ④ C(4)may(not)/ might(not)表達(dá)一種不太把握的推測(cè)，意為“或許，可能”；might的語(yǔ)氣比may較婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：

① Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip---she hates traveling.A.will

B.can

C.must

D.may 【解析】may well為固定搭配，意為：很可能，極有可能。【答案】Ｄ

②

Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A.must

B.may

C.shall

D.should 【解析】這聽(tīng)起來(lái)或許是一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)，但卻需要極大的細(xì)心?！敬鸢浮緽 ③—I can’t find my purse anywhere.—You __ have lost it while shopping.A.may

B.can

C.should

D.would 【解析】結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，回答者是在提醒對(duì)方：或許購(gòu)物時(shí)把錢包丟了?！敬鸢浮緼

（二）表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

對(duì)過(guò)去的一種結(jié)果的假設(shè)或虛擬，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done這一結(jié)構(gòu)，常用的有以下幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：

(1)should(not)/ ought(not)to have done本（不）應(yīng)該做某事，但卻沒(méi)有做或做了，含有責(zé)備或后悔之意。例如：

—I’m sorry.I _________at you the other day.—Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.A.shouldn’t shout

B.shouldn’t have shouted C.mustn’t shout

C.mustn’t have shouted 【解析】對(duì)不起，我那天本不應(yīng)該對(duì)你大喊大叫的。【答案】B(2)could have done本來(lái)能夠做某事但未做。例如：

Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.A.can manage

B.could have managed C.could manage

D.can have managed 【解析】根據(jù)題干中所給出的時(shí)間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作，已經(jīng)完成，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)，再結(jié)合could have done表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣以及與前面的I don’t think?，故說(shuō)話者想表達(dá)的意思是：離開(kāi)了你，我們本不可能完成這項(xiàng)工作?！敬鸢浮緽(3)needn’t have done本沒(méi)有必要做某事但卻做了。要注意needn’t do則表達(dá)“沒(méi)有必要去做某事”，時(shí)間上應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。例如： ①—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks.You ________ it.I could manage it myself.A.needn’t do

B.needn’t have done

C.mustn’t do

D.shouldn’t have done 【解析】根據(jù)句意可知Catherine對(duì)對(duì)方為她打掃了房間表示感謝并提到對(duì)方不必為她打掃房間?！敬鸢浮緽 ② The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we

go to work tomorrow.A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t 【解析】老板給所有的員工放了假，所以我們明天不必再去上班。【答案】C(4)would(not)have done本來(lái)(不)會(huì)發(fā)生某事，但卻（發(fā)生了）或沒(méi)有發(fā)生。常用于虛擬條件句或含蓄虛擬條件引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情結(jié)果的假設(shè)。例如：

He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.A.had scored

B.scored

C.would score

D.would have scored 【解析】句中otherwise為含蓄條件，相當(dāng)于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，這是對(duì)過(guò)去的一種虛擬假設(shè)?！敬鸢浮緿(5)might have done表示“本來(lái)可能??”，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事。例如： What a pity!Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.A.need have done

B.must have done C.can have done

D.might have done 【解析】真是可惜！考慮到他的能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他本來(lái)可以做得更好的?！敬鸢浮緿

（三）表達(dá)“情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣” 等方面的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1.must表達(dá)“情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣”主要有以下用法：

(1)表示主觀的義務(wù)和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，意思為“必須??，得??，要??”；由must引起的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must與have to都可以表示“必須”這一含義。must表示一種主觀的需要，而have to表示一種客觀的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don’ have to。例如：-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?--Well, it ______ be big--that's not important.A.mustn't

B.needn't

C.can't

D.won't

【解析】Something big?此處意為：Must it be big? 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大—那并不重要。

【答案】B

(2)must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不許”。例如： When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches

A.wouldn't

B.needn't

C.mustn't

D.daren't 【解析】當(dāng)我年輕的時(shí)候，（家人）就一直告誡我千萬(wàn)不要玩火柴。【答案】C(3)must用于條件句或疑問(wèn)句中，可以用來(lái)表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如： ①—May I smoke here ? —If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.A.should

B.could

C.may

D.must ②John, look at the time.___________ you play the piano at such a late hour? A．Must

B．Can

C．May

D．Need 【解析】must在這兩道試題中均表示“非得，偏要”?！敬鸢浮竣?D

② A 2.should(1)should應(yīng)該，表示“責(zé)任和義務(wù)”。例如：

According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A.may

B.can

C.would

D.should 【解析】should此處表示根據(jù)交通法規(guī)應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。【答案】D(2)在虛擬條件句中用以加強(qiáng)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣，表示“與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)”，用 If+主語(yǔ)+ should +動(dòng)詞原形，當(dāng)“萬(wàn)一(會(huì))”講。這時(shí)可省略if，將should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。請(qǐng)看下面的例子：

If it should rain(=Should it rain)tomorrow, I would stay at home.萬(wàn)一明天下雨的話，我就待在家里。再如：

________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be

B.Should you be

C.Could you be

D.Might you be 【解析】句意：萬(wàn)一你被解雇，給你的醫(yī)療救助和其它方面的福利也不會(huì)被取消?！敬鸢浮緽(3)should還可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某事不能理解、趕到意外、驚異等意思，譯為“竟然，竟會(huì)”。例如：

You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.A.might

B.need

C.should

D.would 【解析】句意：你想象不到這么一個(gè)表現(xiàn)良好的紳士竟然會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)女士這么粗魯?！敬鸢浮緾 3.shall(1)shall用于第一和第三人稱，常用于疑問(wèn)句中，用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例如： ①—What’s the name? —Khulaifi._________ I spell it for you?

A.Shall

B.Would

C.Can

D.Might 【答案】A

(2)用于第二和第三人稱，表示“命令、威脅、警告、允諾、”等。例如： —Excuse me.But I want to use your computer to type a report.—You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it.A.shan’t

B.might not

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t 【解析】shall此處表示“警告”。【答案】A(3)shall也用于宣布法律、規(guī)定的要求。例如： ①—What does the sign over there read? —“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”

A.will

B.may

C.shall

D.must 【解析】禁止吸煙是此處的規(guī)定?！敬鸢浮緾 4.can(1)can可以用來(lái)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中。例如：

How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article? A.can

B.must

C.need

D.may 【答案】A(2)can也可以用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或許可。例如： —Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock.______I go out and play with Tom for a while? —No, I’m afraid not.Besides, it’s raining outside now.A.Can’t

B.Wouldn’t

C.May

D.Won’t 【答案】A(3)can可以表達(dá)一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表達(dá)能力，但常用來(lái)表達(dá)在某件事情中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的能力，尤指克服困難能夠完成某事。例如： ①

If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldn’t

B.shouldn’t

C.can’t

D.might not ②

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.A.had to

B.would

C.could

D.was able to 【答案】C 5.would(1)will與would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。

例如： John promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since.A.might

B.should

C.could

D.would 【解析】根據(jù)promise可知此處是John向醫(yī)生表明自己的意志。【答案】D(2)would表示過(guò)去傾向性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。used to 也有這一用法，但used to即可用來(lái)表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)。例如：

① When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A.would

B.should

C.had better

D.might ② In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.A.that used to be

B.it is used to

C.it was used to

D.it used to be 【解析】第一題would指過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；第二題it 替代life, used to be 指過(guò)去的樣子?！敬鸢浮緼 D