第一篇：媽媽,我最想得到這10種禮物（范文）

媽媽，我最想得到這10種禮物

2010-09-03 09:15出處：pcbaby作者：佚名

導(dǎo)讀：每個家長都想送給寶寶受用一生的禮物，但什么樣的禮物是寶寶最喜歡的又能讓他受益一生的呢？讓小編帶你來了解！

現(xiàn)今很多城市家庭的孩子，每一個孩子都會得到禮物，禮物是太多而不是太少。朋友往來、家庭旅行，乃至經(jīng)常的游園遛街，隨手給孩子買個禮物是太正常不過的事情。除了讓孩子開心外，家長又時不時會用禮物來換取孩子的優(yōu)良表現(xiàn)。又有時候，為了一個嶄新的禮物，就平添了對孩子的束縛：比如穿上新皮鞋，不可以玩沙子，不可以去戲水，更不可以踢石子。一雙小皮鞋，裝亮了家長眼中孩子的腳，卻未必裝亮孩子眼中的世界??

如此一來，在孩子心中，禮物已經(jīng)不是他日夜盼望的東西，禮物是這么多，又那么容易得到，且又可能不好“伺候”，所以孩子對于節(jié)日和禮物的期盼，已非從前那么顯著了。為了能為孩子準(zhǔn)備一份他滿意的禮物，很多家長可是煞費(fèi)苦心。但孩子不溫不火的反應(yīng)，往往讓父母的心里有一種疑惑：為什么孩子對于禮物的熱情總是保持不了多久?什么樣的禮物才能讓孩子珍惜到永遠(yuǎn)呢?

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其實(shí)，我們往往不自覺地把禮物作為我們愛孩子的媒介，用購買禮物的價值來表現(xiàn)對孩子愛的程度。但是錢，只是表示我們有讓孩子快樂的財務(wù)能力，并不一定能給孩子帶來持久的人生快樂。其實(shí)家長并不知道，在孩子的心里，真正想要的禮物并不需要家長花高價去購買。

一些多年從事兒童教育工作的專家們，在對我國兒童的調(diào)查中得到結(jié)論：現(xiàn)在的孩子，心里想要的有10種禮物，而這些禮物沒有一件是可以用錢買來的。媽媽們，假如你想送寶寶一份讓他受益一生的禮物，那就在這里挑選一下吧！

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禮物一：爸爸媽媽的愛

對于很多家長來說，這是一件太簡單的禮物。因?yàn)?，沒有一個家長是不愛自己的孩子的。可是，孩子們要的愛，不是家長們?nèi)〈磺械奶蹛?，不是一切都百依百順的溺愛，也不是一切都以孩子為中心的寵愛，更不是拼命搞智力投資的“關(guān)愛”。孩子們要家長把對他們的愛表達(dá)出來，還要家長給他們完整的愛。

臨睡前送孩子一個吻，遇到困難時輕拍他們肩頭的手，孩子受了委屈時一個溫暖的懷抱，回家時的一句溫暖的問候，還有一句“爸爸媽媽愛你”的表達(dá)。

這是我們采訪數(shù)十名孩子表示出的想要的愛的方式。

專家建議：中國是一個講究深沉含蓄的國家，長輩都不愿意表白自己對孩子的愛，可是，孩子們需要家長把愛說出來做出來。

另一方面：這些年來一直都居高不下的離婚率和家庭不和的狀況，又讓很多孩子失去了完整的家庭、完整的愛，作為家長，應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造機(jī)會讓孩子能盡量享受完整的愛。

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禮物二：一天的自由

找一個臨睡前，向孩子宣布他可以在下一天完全自由。家長不會告訴他什么時候該干什么，也不催促他從一個補(bǔ)習(xí)班到下一個培訓(xùn)班，不把他與隔壁的小石頭或小丫蛋比，就讓他做想做的自己。

他可能會興奮得睡不著覺;他可能會跑出去找上學(xué)校的同學(xué)，一起玩幼兒園時的游戲;他也可能就坐在電視機(jī)或電腦前耗掉一天??

這些都沒關(guān)系，先不要怪我們的孩子，我們先問問自己：

教過孩子幾種適齡游戲?

有沒有曾經(jīng)嚴(yán)肅地和孩子探討怎么安排學(xué)習(xí)、娛樂和生活的時間?

有沒有給孩子時間教孩子怎樣與人交往、怎樣結(jié)交朋友???

一天結(jié)束后，問您的孩子感覺如何。除了像風(fēng)一樣的自由之外，他可能還會說出讓你感動的話語。

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禮物三：尊重孩子，尊重他的個人形象也尊重他的人格

很多家長或多或少會犯這樣的錯誤：按照自己的意愿為孩子穿衣打扮，不管孩子是不是真的喜歡自己的“設(shè)計包裝”;

總愛用自己孩子的缺點(diǎn)去比別人家孩子的優(yōu)點(diǎn);

總是在別人面前說自己孩子的不好，而不當(dāng)眾對孩子進(jìn)行表揚(yáng);

把孩子的秘密當(dāng)做笑話對別人講??

家長們對孩子的一些良好行為通常不能給予適當(dāng)而及時的稱贊，而對孩子的錯誤，總是不分場合地過分指責(zé)和嘲笑。殊不知在這樣的指責(zé)和嘲笑中孩子的自尊心受到了嚴(yán)重的打擊，人格也受到了侵犯。

專家建議：孩子的自尊是通過父母對其尊重培養(yǎng)出來的。尊重意味著你必須將孩子看成是獨(dú)一無二的“這一個”，允許孩子發(fā)展自己的愛好和追求。尊重他的個性，不要什么都替他做主，多對孩子伸出拇指而不是食指。給你的孩子適合他們年齡的打扮，讓你的孩子獨(dú)立地去從事一些事情，然后說一聲：“做得好!”在外人面前，如實(shí)地夸獎自己的孩子。

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禮物四：耐心的傾聽

找一個地方，或家里，或小區(qū)的水邊，坐下來，跟孩子聊天，聆聽孩子說說那些幼兒園學(xué)校里無聊的事，聽他嘮嘮叨叨把這些事情都講完，不主動去評價對錯。

不要怪孩子說不出什么來，那他一定是有很多很多要表達(dá)，由于塵封多時，一時沒法從小小的心眼里跑出來了。

不要覺得那些東西對錯分明很無聊——我們難道沒有一次讓孩子聽到我們那些無聊的職場“煩惱”?

作為職業(yè)打工者或者老板，我們有時候會抱怨我們花那么多的時間，賠那么多的笑臉，都為了這個孩子能過上好日子?？墒呛⒆釉趺催€這么不理解我們這一番苦心，甚至這么不聽話?

專家建議：其實(shí)，當(dāng)我們教孩子要做這個做那個的時候，總是我們在說，我們很少給孩子時間讓他把話講完。不聆聽孩子，就如不讀年報就買賣股票，那真是把幸運(yùn)的鑰匙放在風(fēng)的手上。

這樣的傾聽，不僅讓孩子感到溫暖，您還可能有一些意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)：如忽然發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子長大了，他思考和判斷問題的角度嚇了你一跳;忽然覺得孩子問你的問題有一些答不上來了;忽然覺得他其實(shí)很依賴你，以前的沖突都隨風(fēng)飄走了;如果您是個忙碌的職業(yè)人，可能還會發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子帶來了您久違的風(fēng)輕云淡??

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禮物五：告訴孩子做人的道理

家庭教育有它的獨(dú)特功能，父母對孩子未來的人生道路負(fù)有不可推卸的指路、引路責(zé)任。也就是說，父母應(yīng)該從小教育孩子懂得怎樣做人，這比什么都重要。

孩子成長的道路上，確實(shí)也需要家長提供一些為人處世的規(guī)則，以使其懂得凡事不能為所欲為，以及自我約束的重要性。這些教育卻不能是生硬的。

教育孩子做人，不是狹義的指如何處理人際關(guān)系，而是指如何以積極向上的心態(tài)和方式對待紛繁復(fù)雜的自然和社會。

這包括如何面對成功與失敗，寂寞與喧囂;

如何體味獨(dú)處與協(xié)作，感情與理智;

如何學(xué)習(xí)與思考，觀察與分析，等等。

專家建議：你所規(guī)定的一切一定要讓孩子理解，而且一定是正確的。對一切人和事要平等對待。

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禮物六：和爸爸媽媽一起玩游戲

調(diào)查顯示：全國40%以上的孩子，和家長在一起游戲的時間平均每天不到半個小時，20%的孩子不到15分鐘，另有近20%的孩子在一天之內(nèi)見不著家長。

對于孩子們來說，再多的玩具，再好的保姆，再高檔的幼兒園也代替不了爸爸媽媽的陪伴。

愛玩是寶寶的天性，而玩游戲的過程就是一個成長的過程。游戲是兒童學(xué)習(xí)的主要形式，因?yàn)槿の缎詮?qiáng)，游戲也成了他們最樂于接受和最有成效的學(xué)習(xí)形式。同時游戲也是幼兒教育的重要承載體，寓教于樂，應(yīng)該成為家庭教育中父母對子女進(jìn)行教育的主要形式。

專家建議：即使工作再忙再累，也要抽出時間來和孩子在一起盡情地玩兒，要讓孩子知道他在你心目中始終是第一位的。在玩兒的時候，你一定要愉快而不是應(yīng)付，讓他知道你非常樂意與他在一起。

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禮物七：給孩子一個小伙伴

孩子的社會性交往，不能局限在父母、家人中，這對孩子實(shí)際是“封閉式環(huán)境”。常言道：“孩子愛孩子”，孩子需要有小伙伴，需要與同齡或略大的孩子玩耍。

和伙伴在一起孩子能學(xué)會妥協(xié)、同情和合作，還會發(fā)展出一些新技巧、興趣、責(zé)任心等，更重要的是，孩子學(xué)會保護(hù)自己，尊重別人。

可是，沒有伙伴成為現(xiàn)在城市孩子最大的煩惱。據(jù)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，在與他人接觸不多的環(huán)境里生活的幼兒，時間愈長愈孤獨(dú)、愈不合群，其良好性格形成與智力發(fā)展，都會受到嚴(yán)重阻礙。

這對居住在獨(dú)門獨(dú)戶、封閉式樓房中的獨(dú)生子女來說，不能不引起家長重視。

專家建議：家長們可以把緊閉的房門打開，迎接孩子的伙伴，或是讓孩子走到外邊去接觸更多的朋友。

另一方面，父母對孩子間的“沖突”要冷靜分析原因，公平處理。比如孩子經(jīng)過反復(fù)強(qiáng)化，知道打人不對，但自制力差，當(dāng)又舉起手要打人時，家長應(yīng)表情嚴(yán)肅地制止：“寶寶要做什么?”兩歲多的寶寶也會停住舉在空中的小手，慢慢放下來，媽媽再問明情況，加以調(diào)解。有時還可以在一旁觀察他們能否自行協(xié)調(diào)，如果過一會又和好或各玩各的，完全可以當(dāng)沒事一樣不加干預(yù)。

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禮物八：和我一起養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣

父母是孩子最好的老師。這句話可不是白說的。家庭教育的重要性已經(jīng)經(jīng)過科學(xué)的論證了。

在日常生活中，父母的一些不良習(xí)慣在不知不覺中影響著寶寶，讓寶寶模仿著學(xué)會了和父母一樣的壞習(xí)慣，這可是大大的不妙啊!

所以，家長們應(yīng)該多多注意自己的言行習(xí)慣，在現(xiàn)在這個時候，這一件禮物就更顯得重要。

來看一下，父母這十大壞習(xí)慣，寶寶最易模仿!

專家建議：家長的榜樣作用是很重要的，首先，你要先養(yǎng)成一個好習(xí)慣，并時刻保持你的好習(xí)慣。這樣，你才有理由要求寶寶也樹立一個這樣的好習(xí)慣。

否則，等你要求寶寶睡前刷牙時，他奶聲奶氣地問你：“爸爸，你怎么不刷?”，這時，你豈不是很尷尬?

在養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣方面，寶寶一開始也許會很不適應(yīng)，家長要多想一些有趣的方式幫寶寶堅持下來。

例如，和寶寶進(jìn)行比賽，并故意輸給寶寶。如此一來，寶寶有了充分的興趣，堅持下去就不是難題啦。

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禮物九：教孩子學(xué)會感恩

最大程度地保護(hù)孩子，莫若教他學(xué)會感恩。一個孩子學(xué)會了感恩，就像企業(yè)有了防火墻，風(fēng)險將大幅度地減少或減弱。

我們經(jīng)?？吹揭娭T報端的逆子，盡管父母傾全力滿足了他一時的欲望，可孩子還是對父母造成無情的傷害;

很多少年的家長更是戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢，生怕一不小心就有孩子的脾氣和抱怨??青春期的叛逆是一定的嗎?未見得。

青春期的叛逆相當(dāng)程度來源于孩子對自己定位的一個發(fā)現(xiàn)——當(dāng)孩子對自己的責(zé)任和他人的付出熟視無睹的時候，他就會事事以自己為中心，總覺得別人為他做得不夠。

一個孩子若能真切感激父母的養(yǎng)育之恩，這個孩子斷不會做出讓父母傷心蒙羞的事來。

專家建議：與其教孩子競爭，不如教他感恩。

競爭不可能完勝，因?yàn)槟愕膶γ婵偸怯袑κ郑蛘邤橙?而感恩一輩子受用，因?yàn)槟愕膶γ婵偸琴F人。

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禮物十：給孩子一個好“家”

家，不僅僅是一個空間的概念。孩子心儀的小朋友家可能不如我們家寬敞、亮堂、華麗。為什么?

通常的原因是他們可以在那兒很隨意，通常那兒往往有個善解人意的媽媽。

以為教育學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說過，和經(jīng)常爭吵的父母在一起的孩子，就像住在一個地震的危房中，時不時感到地動山搖，孩子的惶恐、驚嚇和無助，是那些在慪氣中的父母無法體會的。

而一些冷戰(zhàn)或相互“競爭”中的家長，經(jīng)常以貶低對方來顯示自己對家庭和孩子的重要，即使很多是無惡意的，可不知這在孩子小小的心靈中會帶來怎樣的不安和迷惑。

專家建議：孩子的心是非常細(xì)膩的，父母即便不是劍拔弩張，但只是小小的一個眼神、一句話，甚至一個動作，孩子都能體會出不祥。

你可能會有這樣的體會：你生悶氣的時候，自覺還掩飾得挺好，孩子總會跑過來問：“媽媽你到底怎么了?”然后可能會說“這不是我做的??”

可見當(dāng)父母不高興的時候，孩子往往首先內(nèi)疚生怕自己做了錯事導(dǎo)致家庭震蕩。

給他一個好“家”，就是給他整潔的環(huán)境，給他沒有沖突、相敬如賓的屋頂和空間。就像營造一個好的投資環(huán)境。

結(jié)束語：看了這么多，相信作為家長，你一定有了新的認(rèn)識：愛孩子就給他真正想要的禮物;愛孩子，就讓他感覺真的幸福，從現(xiàn)在，到明天??

第二篇：小學(xué)作文：我最想對媽媽說的話

我最想對媽媽說的話

媽媽，明天是母親節(jié)，我想對你說：“媽媽您辛苦了，我愛您!祝您節(jié)日快樂!”

當(dāng)我遇到困難時，你會在我身邊安慰我;當(dāng)我生病時，你就默默地在我床前照顧我;當(dāng)我失敗時，你會微笑地對我說：“失敗是成功之母，不要灰心，在哪里跌倒就在哪里爬起來”;當(dāng)我考試成績不理想時，你會安慰我、鼓勵我，親切地對我說：“不要灰心，再接再厲，下次考上好成績?！?/p>

母愛就像大海，無邊無際;母愛就像溫暖的避風(fēng)港;母愛是最永恒的;母愛就像一堵墻，為我們遮風(fēng)避雨;母愛就像一座山是我永遠(yuǎn)的靠山;母愛就像一條河，在我的心中流淌。

媽媽，我想大聲地對你說：“媽媽，我愛你!”我一定要好好學(xué)習(xí)，用好成績來報答你的養(yǎng)育之恩。

親愛的媽媽：

您好！我一直記得，每年5月的第二個星期天是母親節(jié)，今年的母親節(jié)是5月8日。在母親節(jié)即將到來之際，我給您送上最真摯、最衷心的祝福！

媽媽，十年來您對我的養(yǎng)育之恩我始終銘記在心。您在生活上無微不至地疼愛我。記得有一次，我發(fā)高燒，您晚上不停地用冰塊裹在毛巾里，敷在我的頭上，給我降溫，一夜您都沒睡，第二天我看見您眼睛里全是血絲。

當(dāng)我有時不想吃早飯時，您一大早就起床，不怕麻煩地給我燒我最喜歡吃的“揚(yáng)州炒飯”。當(dāng)我吃著您辛辛苦苦做的噴香可口的油炒飯、而您卻因?yàn)樯习鄷r間緊吃不了飯時，我忍不住落下了幾滴熱淚。

媽媽，您在學(xué)習(xí)上耐心細(xì)致地關(guān)心我。當(dāng)我奧數(shù)題不會做時，是您用筆在紙上畫出分析圖，手把手教我怎么做，不厭其煩，直到我搞懂為止，還讓我舉一反三，加深印象。

我的鋼琴在二年級暑假就通過了十級，有一半的功勞是您的。當(dāng)我彈琴不耐煩想放棄時，您總是提醒我，做成一件事一定要持之以恒，不怕吃苦，決不可半途而廢。

現(xiàn)在，您那一頭黑發(fā)里出現(xiàn)了幾根白發(fā)，臉上出現(xiàn)了一些皺紋，手上的皮膚也粗糙了；而我在您的關(guān)愛下，長得越來越高、越來越壯了。我知道，這是您的心血養(yǎng)育我的結(jié)果。

今后，我一定要好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上，做一個對國家和社會有用的人，做一個值得讓您驕傲的人，長大以后好好地報答您！

敬祝媽媽永遠(yuǎn)快樂，永遠(yuǎn)美麗！

您的xx

母親節(jié)到了，我有很多很多話想要對媽媽說，在這里我最想對媽媽說的一句話是：媽媽，對不起！媽媽，我愛你！

當(dāng)我生病時，您默默的在我身邊照顧我，記得前一段時間我生病住院一個星期，高燒不停，您當(dāng)時懷著弟弟快要生產(chǎn)了，身體也不好，醫(yī)生囑咐您讓您臥床休息，您卻在醫(yī)院把我照顧的無微不至，可我卻覺得那是你應(yīng)該做 的，連句謝謝我都沒說過，在這里我要給您說聲:對不起！

當(dāng)我遇到困難時，您會在我身邊安慰我，給我出主意，想辦法。當(dāng)我與別人發(fā)生沖突時，您總會先批評我，還讓我給他人道歉，我當(dāng)時很不理解，總覺得別人才是你的孩子，現(xiàn)在想起來，是我不對，因?yàn)槲以诎嗬锸前嚅L，總有做的不對不好的地方。媽媽感謝您讓我有很多朋友。

當(dāng)我失敗時，您會耐心的給我分析原因，還會微笑的對我說：“失敗是成功之母，不要灰心，從哪里失敗就從哪里爬起來?！痹谶@里我想對媽媽說：媽媽我愛你！

我在書上看到這句話來形容媽媽再合適不過了。：母愛就像大海，無邊無際 ；母愛就像溫暖的避風(fēng)港 ；母愛就像一堵墻，為我們遮風(fēng)擋雨?！?/p>

媽媽我想大聲對您說：媽媽，我一定好好學(xué)習(xí)，用好成績來回報您。

我最想對媽媽說的話

媽媽，明天是母親節(jié)，我想對你說：“媽媽您辛苦了，我愛您！祝您節(jié)日快樂！”

當(dāng)我遇到困難時，你會在我身邊安慰我；當(dāng)我生病時，你就默默地在我床前照顧我；當(dāng)我失敗時，你會微笑地對我

說：“失敗是成功之母，不要灰心，在哪里跌倒就在哪里爬起來”；當(dāng)我考試成績不理想時，你會安慰我、鼓勵我，親切地對我說：“不要灰心，再接再厲，下次考上好成績?！?母愛就像大海，無邊無際；母愛就像溫暖的避風(fēng)港；母愛是最永恒的；母愛就像一堵墻，為我們遮風(fēng)避雨；母愛就像一座山是我永遠(yuǎn)的靠山；母愛就像一條河，在我的心中流淌。媽媽，我想大聲地對你說：“媽媽，我愛你!”我一定要好好學(xué)習(xí)，用好成績來報答你的養(yǎng)育之恩。

第三篇：小學(xué)作文：我最想對媽媽說的話

我最想對媽媽說的話

媽媽，明天是母親節(jié)，我想對你說：“媽媽您辛苦了，我愛您!祝您節(jié)日快樂!”

當(dāng)我遇到困難時，你會在我身邊安慰我;當(dāng)我生病時，你就默默地在我床前照顧我;當(dāng)我失敗時，你會微笑地對我說：“失敗是成功之母，不要灰心，在哪里跌倒就在哪里爬起來”;當(dāng)我考試成績不理想時，你會安慰我、鼓勵我，親切地對我說：“不要灰心，再接再厲，下次考上好成績?！?/p>

母愛就像大海，無邊無際;母愛就像溫暖的避風(fēng)港;母愛是最永恒的;母愛就像一堵墻，為我們遮風(fēng)避雨;母愛就像一座山是我永遠(yuǎn)的靠山;母愛就像一條河，在我的心中流淌。

媽媽，我想大聲地對你說：“媽媽，我愛你!”我一定要好好學(xué)習(xí)，用好成績來報答你的養(yǎng)育之恩。

第四篇：ted演講稿我得到的最好的禮物

ted演講稿我得到的最好的禮物

歡迎來到聘才網(wǎng)，以下是聘才小編為大家搜索整理的，歡迎大家閱讀。

ted演講稿 我們?yōu)槭裁匆咧形?/p>

簡介：一生中，我們有三分之一的時間都在睡眠中度過。關(guān)于睡眠，你又了解多少?睡眠專家Russell Foster為我們解答為什么要睡覺，以及睡眠對健康的影響。

What I'd like to do today is talk about one of my favorite subjects, and that is the neuroscience of sleep.Now, there is a sound--(Alarm clock)--aah, it worked--a sound that is desperately, desperately familiar to most of us, and of course it's the sound of the alarm clock.And what that truly ghastly, awful sound does is stop the single most important behavioral experience that we have, and that's sleep.If you're an average sort of person, 36 percent of your life will be spent asleep, which means that if you live to 90, then 32 years will have been spent entirely asleep.Now what that 32 years is telling us is that sleep at some level is important.And yet, for most of us, we don't give sleep a second thought.We throw it away.We really just don't think about sleep.And so what I'd like to do today is change your views, change your ideas and your thoughts about sleep.And the journey that I want to take you on, we need to start by going back in time.“Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber.” Any ideas who said that? Shakespeare's Julius Caesar.Yes, let me give you a few more quotes.“O sleep, O gentle sleep, nature's soft nurse, how have I frighted thee?” Shakespeare again, from--I won't say it--the Scottish play.(Laughter)From the same time: “Sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together.” Extremely prophetic, by Thomas Dekker, another Elizabethan dramatist.But if we jump forward 400 years, the tone about sleep changes somewhat.This is from Thomas Edison, from the beginning of the 20th century.“Sleep is a criminal waste of time and a heritage from our cave days.” Bang.(Laughter)And if we also jump into the 1980s, some of you may remember that Margaret Thatcher was reported to have said, “Sleep is for wimps.” And of course the infamous--what was his name?--the infamous Gordon Gekko from “Wall Street” said, “Money never sleeps.”

What do we do in the 20th century about sleep? Well, of course, we use Thomas Edison's light bulb to invade the night, and we occupied the dark, and in the process of this occupation, we've treated sleep as an illness, almost.We've treated it as an enemy.At most now, I suppose, we tolerate the need for sleep, and at worst perhaps many of us think of sleep as an illness that needs some sort of a cure.And our ignorance about sleep is really quite profound.Why is it? Why do we abandon sleep in our thoughts? Well, it's because you don't do anything much while you're asleep, it seems.You don't eat.You don't drink.And you don't have sex.Well, most of us anyway.And so therefore it's--Sorry.It's a complete waste of time, right? Wrong.Actually, sleep is an incredibly important part of our biology, and neuroscientists are beginning to explain why it's so very important.So let's move to the brain.Now, here we have a brain.This is donated by a social scientist, and they said they didn't know what it was, or indeed how to use it, so--(Laughter)Sorry.So I borrowed it.I don't think they noticed.Okay.(Laughter)

The point I'm trying to make is that when you're asleep, this thing doesn't shut down.In fact, some areas of the brain are actually more active during the sleep state than during the wake state.The other thing that's really important about sleep is that it doesn't arise from a single structure within the brain, but is to some extent a network property, and if we flip the brain on its back--I love this little bit of spinal cord here--this bit here is the hypothalamus, and right under there is a whole raft of interesting structures, not least the biological clock.The biological clock tells us when it's good to be up, when it's good to be asleep, and what that structure does is interact with a whole raft of other areas within the hypothalamus，the

lateral

hypothalamus，the ventrolateral preoptic nuclei.All of those combine, and they send projections down to the brain stem here.The brain stem then projects forward and bathes the cortex, this wonderfully wrinkly bit over here, with neurotransmitters that keep us awake and essentially provide us with our consciousness.So sleep arises from a whole raft of different interactions within the brain, and essentially, sleep is turned on and off as a result of a range of

Okay.So where have we got to? We've said that sleep is complicated and it takes 32 years of our life.But what I haven't explained is what sleep is about.So why do we sleep? And it won't surprise any of you that, of course, the scientists, we don't have a consensus.There are dozens of different ideas about why we sleep, and I'm going to outline three of those.The first is sort of the restoration idea, and it's somewhat intuitive.Essentially, all the stuff we've burned up during the day, we restore, we replace, we rebuild during the night.And indeed, as an explanation, it goes back to Aristotle, so that's, what, 2,300 years ago.It's gone in and out of fashion.It's fashionable at the moment because what's been shown is that within the brain, a whole raft of genes have been shown to be turned on only during sleep, and those genes are associated with restoration and metabolic pathways.So there's good evidence for the whole restoration hypothesis.What about energy conservation? Again, perhaps intuitive.You essentially sleep to save calories.Now, when you do the sums, though, it doesn't really pan out.If you compare an individual who has slept at night, or stayed awake and hasn't moved very much, the energy saving of sleeping is about 110 calories a night.Now, that's the equivalent of a hot dog bun.Now, I would say that a hot dog bun is kind of a meager return for such a complicated and demanding behavior as sleep.So I'm less convinced by the energy conservation idea.But the third idea I'm quite attracted to, which is brain processing and memory consolidation.What we know is that, if after you've tried to learn a task, and you sleep-deprive individuals, the ability to learn that task is smashed.It's really hugely attenuated.So sleep and memory consolidation is also very important.However, it's not just the laying down of memory and recalling it.What's turned out to be really exciting is that our ability to come up with novel solutions to complex problems is hugely enhanced by a night of sleep.In fact, it's been estimated to give us a threefold advantage.Sleeping at night enhances our creativity.And what seems to be going on is that, in the brain, those neural connections that are important, those synaptic connections that are important, are linked and strengthened, while those that are less important tend to fade away and be less important.Okay.So we've had three explanations for why we might sleep, and I think the important thing to realize is that the details will vary, and it's probable we sleep for multiple different reasons.But sleep is not an indulgence.It's not some sort of thing that we can take on board rather casually.I think that sleep was once likened to an upgrade from economy to business class, you know, the equiavlent of.It's not even an upgrade from economy to first class.The critical thing to realize is that if you don't sleep, you don't fly.Essentially, you never get there, and what's extraordinary about much of our society these days is that we are desperately sleep-deprived.So let's now look at sleep deprivation.Huge sectors of society are sleep-deprived, and let's look at our sleep-o-meter.So in the 1950s, good data suggests that most of us were getting around about eight hours of sleep a night.Nowadays, we sleep one and a half to two hours less every night, so we're in the six-and-a-half-hours-every-night

league.For teenagers, it's worse, much worse.They need nine hours for full brain performance, and many of them, on a school night, are only getting five hours of sleep.It's simply not enough.If we think about other sectors of society, the aged, if you are aged, then your ability to sleep in a single block is somewhat disrupted, and many sleep, again, less than five hours a night.Shift work.Shift work is extraordinary, perhaps 20 percent of the working population, and the body clock does not shift to the demands of working at night.It's locked onto the same light-dark cycle as the rest of us.So when the poor old shift worker is going home to try and sleep during the day, desperately tired, the body clock is saying, “Wake up.This is the time to be awake.” So the quality of sleep that you get as a night shift worker is usually very poor, again in that sort of five-hour region.And then, of course, tens of millions of people suffer from jet lag.So who here has jet lag? Well, my goodness gracious.Well, thank you very much indeed for not falling asleep, because that's what your brain is craving.One of the things that the brain does is indulge in micro-sleeps, this involuntary falling asleep, and you have essentially no control over it.Now, micro-sleeps can be sort of somewhat embarrassing, but they can also be deadly.It's been estimated that 31 percent of drivers will fall asleep at the wheel at least once in their life, and in the , the statistics are pretty good: 100,000 accidents on the freeway have been associated with tiredness, loss of vigilance, and falling asleep.A hundred thousand a year.It's extraordinary.At another level of terror, we dip into the tragic accidents at Chernobyl and indeed the space shuttle Challenger, which was so tragically lost.And in the investigations that followed those disasters, poor judgment as a result of extended shift work and loss of vigilance and tiredness was attributed to a big chunk of those disasters.So when you're tired, and you lack sleep, you have poor memory, you have poor creativity, you have increased impulsiveness, and you have overall poor judgment.But my friends, it's so much worse than that.(Laughter)

If you are a tired brain, the brain is craving things to wake it up.So drugs, stimulants.Caffeine represents the stimulant of choice across much of the Western world.Much of the day is fueled by caffeine, and if you're a really naughty tired brain, nicotine.And of course, you're fueling the waking state with these stimulants, and then of course it gets to 11 o'clock at night, and the brain says to itself, “Ah, well actually, I need to be asleep fairly shortly.What do we do about that when I'm feeling completely wired?” Well, of course, you then resort to alcohol.Now alcohol, short-term, you know, once or twice, to use to mildly sedate you, can be very useful.It can actually ease the sleep transition.But what you must be so aware of is that alcohol doesn't provide sleep, a biological mimic for sleep.It sedates you.So it actually harms some of the neural proccessing that's going on during memory consolidation and memory recall.So it's a short-term acute measure, but for goodness sake, don't become addicted to alcohol as a way of getting to sleep every night.Another connection between loss of sleep is weight gain.If you sleep around about five hours or less every night, then you have a 50 percent likelihood of being obese.What's the connection here? Well, sleep loss seems to give rise to the release of the hormone ghrelin, the hunger hormone.Ghrelin is released.It gets to the brain.The brain says, “I need carbohydrates,” and what it does is seek out carbohydrates and particularly sugars.So there's a link between tiredness and the metabolic predisposition for weight gain.Stress.Tired people are massively stressed.And one of the things of stress, of course, is loss of memory, which is what I sort of just then had a little lapse of.But stress is so much more.So if you're acutely stressed, not a great problem, but it's sustained stress associated with sleep loss that's the problem.So sustained stress leads to suppressed immunity, and so tired people tend to have higher rates of overall infection, and there's some very good studies showing that shift workers, for example, have higher rates of cancer.Increased levels of stress throw glucose into the circulation.Glucose becomes a dominant part of the vasculature and essentially you become glucose intolerant.Therefore, diabetes 2.Stress increases cardiovascular disease as a result of raising blood pressure.So there's a whole raft of things associated with sleep loss that are more than just a mildly impaired brain, which is where I think most people think that sleep loss resides.So at this point in the talk, this is a nice time to think, well, do you think on the whole I'm getting enough sleep? So a quick show of hands.Who feels that they're getting enough sleep here? Oh.Well, that's pretty impressive.Good.We'll talk more about that later, about what are your tips.So most of us, of course, ask the question, “Well, how do I know whether I'm getting enough sleep?” Well, it's not rocket science.If you need an alarm clock to get you out of bed in the morning, if you are taking a long time to get up, if you need lots of stimulants, if you're grumpy, if you're irritable, if you're told by your work colleagues that you're looking tired and irritable, chances are you are sleep-deprived.Listen to them.Listen to yourself.What do you do? Well--and this is slightly offensive--sleep for dummies: Make your bedroom a haven for sleep.The first critical thing is make it as dark as you possibly can, and also make it slightly cool.Very important.Actually, reduce your amount of light exposure at least half an hour before you go to bed.Light increases levels of alertness and will delay sleep.What's the last thing that most of us do before we go to bed? We stand in a massively lit bathroom looking into the mirror cleaning our teeth.It's the worst thing we can possibly do before we went to sleep.Turn off those mobile phones.Turn off those computers.Turn off all of those things that are also going to excite the brain.Try not to drink caffeine too late in the day, ideally not after lunch.Now, we've set about reducing light exposure before you go to bed, but light exposure in the morning is very good at setting the biological clock to the light-dark cycle.So seek out morning light.Basically, listen to yourself.Wind down.Do those sorts of things that you know are going to ease you off into the honey-heavy dew of slumber.Okay.That's some facts.What about some myths?

Teenagers are lazy.No.Poor things.They have a biological predisposition to go to bed late and get up late, so give them a break.We need eight hours of sleep a night.That's an average.Some people need more.Some people need less.And what you need to do is listen to your body.Do you need that much or do you need more? Simple as that.Old people need less sleep.Not true.The sleep demands of the aged do not go down.Essentially, sleep fragments and becomes less robust, but sleep requirements do not go down.And the fourth myth is, early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.Well that's wrong at so many different levels.(Laughter)There is no, no evidence that getting up early and going to bed early gives you more wealth at all.There's no difference in socioeconomic status.In my experience, the only difference between morning people and evening people is that those people that get up in the morning early are just horribly smug.(Laughter)(Applause)

Okay.So for the last part, the last few minutes, what I want to do is change gears and talk about some really new, breaking areas of neuroscience, which is the association between mental health, mental illness and sleep disruption.We've known for 130 years that in severe mental illness, there is always, always sleep disruption, but it's been largely ignored.In the 1970s, when people started to think about this again, they said, “Yes, well, of course you have sleep disruption in schizophrenia because they're on anti-psychotics.It's the anti-psychotics causing the sleep problems,” ignoring the fact that for a hundred years previously, sleep disruption

had

been

reported

before anti-psychotics.So what's going on? Lots of groups, several groups are studying conditions like depression, schizophrenia and bipolar, and what's going on in terms of sleep disruption.We have a big study which we published last year on schizophrenia, and the data were quite extraordinary.In those individuals with schizophrenia, much of the time, they were awake during the night phase and then they were asleep during the day.Other groups showed no 24-hour patterns whatsoever.Their sleep was absolutely smashed.And some had no ability to regulate their sleep by the light-dark cycle.They were getting up later and later and later and later each night.It was smashed.So what's going on? And the really exciting news is that mental illness and sleep are not simply associated but they are physically linked within the brain.The neural networks that predispose you to normal sleep, give you normal sleep, and those that give you normal mental health are overlapping.And what's the evidence for that? Well, genes that have been shown to be very important in the generation of normal sleep, when mutated, when changed, also predispose individuals to mental health problems.And last year, we published a study which showed that a gene that's been linked to schizophrenia, which, when mutated, also smashes the sleep.So we have evidence of a genuine mechanistic overlap between these two important systems.Other work flowed from these studies.The first was that sleep disruption actually precedes certain types of mental illness, and we've shown that in those young individuals who are at high risk of developing bipolar disorder, they already have a sleep abnormality prior to any clinical diagnosis of bipolar.The other bit of data was that sleep disruption may actually exacerbate, make worse the mental illness state.My colleague Dan Freeman has used a range of agents which have stabilized sleep and reduced levels of paranoia in those individuals by 50 percent.So what have we got? We've got, in these connections, some really exciting things.In terms of the neuroscience, by understanding the neuroscience of these two systems, we're really beginning to understand how both sleep and mental illness are generated and regulated within the brain.The second area is that if we can use sleep and sleep disruption as an early warning signal, then we have the chance of going in.If we know that these individuals are vulnerable, early intervention then becomes possible.And the third, which I think is the most exciting, is that we can think of the sleep centers within the brain as a new therapeutic target.Stabilize sleep in those individuals who are vulnerable, we can certainly make them healthier, but also alleviate some of the appalling symptoms of mental illness.So let me just finish.What I started by saying is take sleep seriously.Our attitudes toward sleep are so very different from a pre-industrial age, when we were almost wrapped in a duvet.We used to understand intuitively the importance of sleep.And this isn't some sort of crystal-waving nonsense.This is a pragmatic response to good health.If you have good sleep, it increases your concentration, attention, decision-making, creativity, social skills, health.If you get sleep, it reduces your mood changes, your stress, your levels of anger, your impulsivity, and your tendency to drink and take drugs.And we finished by saying that an understanding of the neuroscience of sleep is really informing the way we think about some of the causes of mental illness, and indeed is providing us new ways to treat these incredibly debilitating conditions.Jim Butcher, the fantasy writer, said, “Sleep is God.Go worship.” And I can only recommend that you do the same.Thank you for your attention.(Applause)

第五篇：我最想依靠就是你

我最想依靠就是你

我最想依靠的就是你您是我在學(xué)習(xí)上的老師，為我解答難題；您是我在風(fēng)平浪靜時的傾訴對象，為我排憂解難；您是我在急風(fēng)駭浪中的救星，為我擋住一切風(fēng)和雨。讓我在您的精心呵護(hù)下健康、快樂、自由地成長。無論何時何地，我最想依靠的就是你——我的媽媽?！}記記得嗎？雖光陰似箭，日月如梭，但一年前的事卻深刻在心頭。那天老師留了幾道應(yīng)用題，我有幾道不會做。是您見我面露愁容，邊坐在我身旁，與我一起在孤燈的陪伴下，伴著窗外羞澀的月姑娘以及調(diào)皮的星星，在孤燈清影下為我耐心的講解著那道題，一遍又一遍，我都不耐煩了，可您卻絲毫沒有不耐煩的樣子，我被您的高尚的母愛深深地打動了。媽媽，您是我的好老師。謝謝您，為我排憂解難，我最想依靠就是您。記得嗎？有一次，在小學(xué)的時候，我被老師冤枉了，憋了一肚子的怨氣?；丶衣飞辖煌ǘ氯?，喇叭肆虐的大聲亂叫，場面混亂不堪，更使我心煩意亂。終于回到了家門口，心里煩躁的我踢開家門，沖入家中，大聲喊叫，書包一摔，沖著您滔滔不絕地講起了委屈。您聽完后，笑著對著我：“我還以為發(fā)生什么大事了，害我大吃一驚。這是不可避免的，人活在世上總會有犯錯誤的時候，老師也不是圣人，怎么能沒有過錯呢？”說完您意味深長的看了一眼外面蔚藍(lán)的天空。我霎時間明白了，其實(shí)只要學(xué)會寬容，就可以撥開烏云見太陽。媽媽，您是我的傾訴對象。謝謝您，為我指點(diǎn)迷津，我最想依靠的就是你。還記得嗎？有一次考試，因貪玩而沒有做充分準(zhǔn)備工作的我考砸了?；氐郊夷桶职种莱煽兒螅粍勇暽某聊?，一言不發(fā)，爸爸見您絲毫沒有責(zé)備我的樣子，終于忍不住了，對著我大吼：“怎么考這么點(diǎn)兒分？一次不如一次了。你就只會退步不會進(jìn)步嗎？”這時您立刻像母雞護(hù)小雞一樣擋在了我的面前，兇巴巴地對爸爸說：“你怎么能責(zé)備她呢？她已經(jīng)盡力了，她需要的是我們這些做父母的鼓勵，而不是責(zé)備、批評?！卑职直荒脑挾伦×俗?，無言以對，敗下陣來，您溫和的笑著對我說：“不要灰心，繼續(xù)努力，爭取下次考好，這次不行還有下一次?！蔽夜嚆U的心變成輕了，大概是因?yàn)槲蚁胪?。媽媽，您是我的救星。謝謝您，在我需要的時候挺身而出，為我遮風(fēng)擋雨。媽媽，您為我在成長的路上創(chuàng)造一片適合我的天地，在那里我無憂無慮的成長。媽媽：“無論何時何地，我最想依靠的就是你”這是我發(fā)自肺腑的一句話。

我最想依靠的人就是你

有一種距離叫遙遠(yuǎn)，有一種情懷叫思念，有一種關(guān)愛叫無言，有一種依靠叫永遠(yuǎn)?！}記但丁曾說過：“世界上有一種美麗的聲音，那便是母親的呼喚！”媽媽，是您賦予我生命，讓我從呱呱墜地成長為現(xiàn)在充滿活力的青少年在這期間，您給我的關(guān)愛比那山高，比那海還深，可是媽媽，我還是想說：“我最想依靠的就是你?！比藗兂Ｕf：“母子連心”。母親與孩子之間的感情是最真摯的，因?yàn)槟笎凼侨f愛的源泉。細(xì)數(shù)走過的秋天，我的每一步成長都離不開您的依靠。閉上眼睛，往事如煙，歷歷在目。媽媽，還沒上學(xué)時，您常叫我“跟屁蟲，”因?yàn)槟菚r我總喜歡與您粘在一起，因?yàn)槟拖窳胰罩械囊话颜陉杺?，磅礴大雨中的一件雨披，那時，我最想依靠的就是您。上小學(xué)了，您曾說過：“上學(xué)了，就要學(xué)會自立”。我記住了你的話，不再一味的做跟屁蟲，而是學(xué)著做一個自立、懂事的學(xué)生。那時遇到了難題，我總會請教您，而您總是熱心的幫我，幫我查閱資料，解決一個個難題。媽媽，那時的我，依靠的就是您給我的知識。上初中后，我心中便銘記了：“花盆里長不出蒼松，鳥籠里飛不出雄鷹”。這是的我在學(xué)習(xí)生活中更獨(dú)立自主了，遇到難題的也不能請教您了（您說有些題你根本不懂）。所以，學(xué)習(xí)方面只能靠老師和同學(xué)。然而這是，我需要的是您給我心靈的安慰。與同學(xué)鬧矛盾了，發(fā)生不愉快的事，我第一個告訴的是您。而此時，我最想依靠的就是您給我的鼓勵、安慰。媽媽，四季輪回，時光飛躍，我由幼稚走向成功，在您的呵護(hù)下，我對您的依靠也在漸變，昔日的我，總喜歡依偎在您的懷中撒嬌；昔日的我，總喜歡跟在您的身后，做跟屁蟲；昔日的我，總喜歡在遇到難題時請教您；昔日的我，??媽媽，您如蠟燭般的光燃盡自己，卻照亮了我，您的愛延伸著母愛的軌跡，而我會記住：“好女兒志在四方”而努力學(xué)習(xí)，但我卻離不開您的呵護(hù)，那時因?yàn)?，媽媽，我最想依靠的人就是您?/p>

鳥兒羽毛豐滿，便欲展翅高飛，不再依靠大鳥，果實(shí)已經(jīng)成熟，便欲離開樹頭，不再依靠大樹，而我，無論身在何方，長大與否，最想依靠的，始終是您，我親愛的母親。

勞累時，我最想依靠的就是您。當(dāng)一天的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)全部做完時，我總是站起來，伸個懶腰，然后匆匆跑回家。在遠(yuǎn)處，早已看見家里的燈還亮著，更使我渴望回到家里。打開家門，您早早的等候著我。從廚房里端出一碗面對我說：“趁熱吃吧?！蔽页粤艘豢?，一股暖流流進(jìn)了我的心窩，一天的勞累也拋到九霄云外。

生病時，我最想依靠的就是您。當(dāng)我發(fā)燒時，無論您手頭上有什么重要的事，您總是先放下不管帶我去醫(yī)院，幫我掛號，幫我拿藥，東奔西走，累得滿頭大汗?；丶液笥忠局嘟o我喝。因?yàn)槟拇嬖?，我覺得我非常幸福，卻從未想過，將來的某一天，你要離我而去。

失落時，我最想依靠的就是您。當(dāng)考試成績發(fā)下來時，本來陽光燦爛的天氣霎那間變得烏云密布。我拿起卷子，看著紅通通的大叉，非常失落。我挪著沉重的腳步，一步一步艱難地走回家。打開家門，媽媽正好在客廳里，看見了我垂頭喪氣的樣子，也皺起了眉頭，擔(dān)心發(fā)生了什么事。當(dāng)我轉(zhuǎn)身走進(jìn)房間時，您看見了我手中白色的試卷，一把奪了過去，我還以為家里要“刮大風(fēng)”時，您卻安慰我：“只是粗心大意丟了點(diǎn)分，下次細(xì)心一點(diǎn)，再努力一點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)能考好的，不要傷心了。”太陽又從烏云中走了出來，光芒又灑在我的臉上。

媽媽，您的愛伴我成長。在我勞累，生病，失落的時候，我最想依靠的就是您。