第一篇：Latex使用小結(jié)
LATEX使用小結(jié)
2010-10-03 09:04:49| 分類： 默認(rèn)分類|字號(hào) 訂閱
原文地址：LATEX使用小結(jié)
作者：丁三家的小包子 虛擬打印機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)換eps格式
1.建立一個(gè)虛擬打印機(jī)：控制面板->printer->add a printer->add a local printer->FILE:(print to file)->然后從列表中隨便選擇一個(gè)支持postscript的打印機(jī).2.設(shè)置：右擊剛建立的虛擬打印機(jī)圖標(biāo)，properties->general->printing preferences->advanced->document options->PostScript Options->PostScript Output Options，選Encapsulated PostScript(EPS), 完工。
將8位圖像轉(zhuǎn)換為eps格式時(shí)，只需用Snagit的convert功能即可。
而在24位真彩色圖轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)，有人推薦用Konvertor轉(zhuǎn)換軟件。我發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換后，圖像的分辨率大大降低，visio圖像很容易出現(xiàn)漏字，圖片模糊。用虛擬打印機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)換eps格式就不會(huì)影響原圖的分辨率。步驟如下：
右擊打印，然后選中圖片，選擇之前創(chuàng)建的虛擬打印機(jī)，填寫輸出文件路徑（D：fig1.eps
Latex排版時(shí)，如何用bibtex管理參考文獻(xiàn)。
BibTeX 是一個(gè)使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的的方式來管理參考文獻(xiàn)程序, 用于協(xié)調(diào)LaTeX的參考文獻(xiàn)處理.BibTeX 文件的后綴名為.bib.先來看一個(gè)例子: @article{Gettys90，author = {Jim Gettys and Phil Karlton and Scott McGregor}, title = {The {X} Window System, Version 11}, journal = {Software Practice and Experience}, volume = {20}, number = {S2}, year = {1990}, abstract = {A technical overview of the X11 functionality.This is an update of the X10 TOG paper by Scheifler & Gettys.} } 說明: 第一行@article 告訴 BibTeX 這是一個(gè)文章類型的參考文獻(xiàn).其它格式： article, book, booklet, conference, inbook, incollection, inproceedings, manual, misc, mastersthesis, phdthesis, proceedings, techreport, unpublished 等等.在LaTeX中使用BibTeX 為了在 LaTeX 中使用BibTeX 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù), 你必須先做下面四件事情: 1)包含宏包 usepackage{natbib} 2)設(shè)置參考文獻(xiàn)的類型(bibliography style).標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的為 plain: bibliographystyle{plain} 其它的類型包括：
unsrt – 基本上跟 plain 類型一樣, 除了參考文獻(xiàn)的條目的編號(hào)是按照引用的順序, 而不是按照作者的字母順序.alpha – 類似于 plain 類型, 當(dāng)參考文獻(xiàn)的條目的編號(hào)基于作者名字和出版年份的順序.abbrv – 縮寫格式.3)標(biāo)記引用(Make citations).當(dāng)你在文檔中想使用引用時(shí), 插入 LaTeX命令 cite{標(biāo)號(hào)} 例如：、cite{Gettys90}，根據(jù)cls文件的不同定制，以及在正文引用格式的不同要求，也可能是citet或者citep命令。
“標(biāo)記”就是前邊定義@article后面的名稱.4)告訴 LaTeX 生成參考文獻(xiàn)列表.在 LaTeX 的結(jié)束前輸入 bibliographystyle{jmb}
% this can be plain, alpha, etc.bibliography{./MYREFS} 文件中應(yīng)包含jmb.bst（定義參考文獻(xiàn)類型）文件和MYREFS.bib文件
運(yùn)行 BibTeX分為下面四步
1.用LaTeX編譯你的.tex 文件 , 這是生成一個(gè).aux 的文件, 這告訴BibTeX 將使用那些引用.2.用BibTeX 編譯.bib 文件.3.再次用LaTeX 編譯你的.tex 文件, 這個(gè)時(shí)候在文檔中已經(jīng)包含了參考文獻(xiàn), 但此時(shí)引用的編號(hào)可能不正確.4.最后用 LaTeX 編譯你的.tex 文件, 如果一切順利的話, 這是所有東西都已正常了.獲取bib文件
（1）使用如下網(wǎng)址可以將springer文獻(xiàn)格式變成bibtex： http://004km.cn}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, };
@book條目為有確定出版社的書籍。
不可少域author或editor, title, publisher, year.可省略域volume或number, series, address, edition, month, note.@booklet條目為印制的有封皮的作品，但沒有出版社或贊助機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱。不可少域title.可省略域author, howpublished, address, month, year, note.@conference與下面的@inproceedings相同。
@inbook條目為一本書的一部分(章，節(jié)或某些頁(yè))。
不可少域author或editor, title, chapter和/或pages, publisher,year.可省略域volume或number, series, type, address, edition, month,note.@incollection條目為一本書中有自己題目的一部分。不可少域author, title, booktitle, publisher, year.可省略域editor, volume或number,series, type, chapter, pages,address, edition, month, note.@inproceedings條目為會(huì)議論文集中的一篇文章。不可少域author, title, booktitle, year.可省略域editor, volume或number, series, pages, address, month, organization, publisher, note.@InProceedings{b07name, author = {a and b}，title = {title}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the conference}, address = {Sydney, Australia}, month = Nov, year = 2008, pages = {1-2}, affiliation = {Uni-name, Country}, URL = {http://url/} };@manual條目為科技文檔。不可少域title.可省略域author, organization, address, edition, month, year, note.@mastersthesis條目為碩士論文。不可少域author, title, school, year.可省略域type, address, month, note.@misc條目為不屬于其它任何類型的作品。不可少域沒有。
可省略域author, title, howpublished, month, year, note.@misc{name，author = “a”, title = “title”, howpublished = “Website”，};year = {2008}, note = {url{http://004km.cn}} @phdthesis條目為博士論文。不可少域author, title, school, year.可省略域type, address, month, note.@proceedings條目為會(huì)議論文集。不可少域title, year.可省略域editor,volume或number, series, address, month, organization, publisher, note.@techreport條目為學(xué)校或其它研究機(jī)構(gòu)印制的報(bào)告。不可少域author, title, institution, year.可省略域type, number, address, month, note.@techreport{name, author = {a and b} title = {title}, institution = {institution rpt no.} year = {2008} };
@unpublished條目為有作者和標(biāo)題的還未出版的作品。不可少域author, title, note.可省略域month, year.在每項(xiàng)條目中還可以有可省略域key和crossref.參考文獻(xiàn)及圖片表格等超鏈接。包含宏包
usepackage[dvipdfm]{hyperref} 然后在正文中使用latex命令 cite{} ref{} 就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)文檔中參考文獻(xiàn)及圖片表格等超鏈接。
圖片命令 begin{figure} begin{center} includegraphics[width=7in]{sc.eps} caption{Framework of inspection system} label{fig1} end{center} end{figure} 若是一個(gè)雙欄文檔，使用begin{figure*}可實(shí)現(xiàn)跨欄排版，適用于表格編排。
子圖排版 begin{figure*} begin{center} subfigure[subfigure1]{includegraphics[width=1.5in]{fig6(a).eps}} subfigure[subfigure2]{includegraphics[width=1.5in]{fig6(b).eps}} subfigure[subfigure3]{includegraphics[width=1.5in]{fig6(c).eps}} subfigure[subfigure4]{includegraphics[width=1.5in]{fig6(d).eps}} subfigure[subfigure5]{includegraphics[width=1.5in]{fig6(e).eps}} subfigure[subfigure6]{includegraphics[width=1.5in]{fig6(f).eps}} subfigure[subfigure7]{includegraphics[width=1.5in]{fig6(g).eps}} subfigure[subfigure8]{includegraphics[width=1.5in]{fig6(h).eps}} caption{Wavelet smoothing results} label{fig6} end{center} end{figure*} 每個(gè)子圖屬性顯示為(a)subfigure1,(b)subfigure2.......三線表格 begin{table} centering
caption{it is an example}
vspace*{10pt}
begin{tabular}{@{}lcccc@{}} %% toprule {aa} & multicolumn{2}{c}{bb} & multicolumn{2}{c}{cc}[-2pt] cmidrule(1){2-5} {aa} & {bb} &{cc} & {dd}&{ee} hline {1} &a &b &c &d mbox{2}
&a &b &c &d mbox{3}
&a &b &c &d mbox{4}
&a &b &c &d mbox{5}
&a &b &c &d mbox{6}
&a &b &c &d mbox{7}
&a &b &c &d bottomrule end{tabular} end{table} cmidrule(1){2-5}實(shí)現(xiàn)2-5列的短劃線。
第二篇：4AUnit 7 It’s late
Unit 7 It’s late Language targets: 1.Using numbers to tell the times.2.Using expressions to communicate with other learners Eg: What’s the time, please? It’s….What time do you get up/go to school? I … at …
Four skills: the numbers from 1 to 100.What’s the time, please? It’s….3.Be able to count the numbers from 1 to 100.4.Learn the sounds of the letters “ n, p”.5.Be able to sing a song: “ Go to school!”
6.Revision focus: a zoo, a park, a cinema, a supermarket, the Great Wall.Lesson 1 Language skills: Listening: Locate specific information in response to proper expressions: Speaking: Using “What’s the time? It’s….” to communicate with other learners.Writing: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.The learning materials: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The learning course: Pre-task preparation: 1.Free talk Practise in pairs.Invite some pairs to have a talk.2.Revision a.Count the numbers from “1 to 10”.b.Count the numbers from “ 11 to 20”.Pay attention to the pronunciation “teen”.3.Listen and act.Clap 1, 2, 3….While-task procedure: 1.Numbers a.Show and read 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 Pay attention to the pronunciation “ ty”
b.Play a guessing game.What’s in my hand?(hiding the numbers)It’s …
c.Show and read.35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95.(one by one)2.Time a.T: What’s the time? It’s …..Read the sentences after the teachers.b.Practise the reading.6:20, 9:34, 5:45, 12:15 c.Show a clock and ask: T: What’s the time? S1, S2,S3….d.Play a game.The teacher turn the time and let the students guess.S1, S2, S3… 3.Practise the reading.4.Copy: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.Post-task activity: Divide the class into groups.Play a guessing game.One writes the time and the others guess.Consolidation: Listen and repeat.Read and words.Homework: 1.Listen and read.2.Dictate the learned words.Lesson 2 Language skills: Listening: Locate specific information in response to proper expressions: Speaking: Using “What’s the time? It’s….” to communicate with other learners.Writing: What’s the time? It’s … The learning materials: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The learning course: Pre-task preparation: 1.Free talk Practise in pairs.Invite some pairs to have a talk.4.Revision a.Numbers.Show and read.b.Time.Read the times one by one.Pay attention to “ teen, ty” While-task procedure: 1.Show the clock and ask: What’s the time? It’s ….2.Work in pairs.Invite some to say.3.Play a guessing game.Guess: What’s the time?….4.Ask and answer P55 Practise in pairs.Check the answers.Post-task activity: Play “l(fā)istening and drawing” in groups.Consolidation: 1.Copy: What’s the time? It’s…..2.Listen and draw: I want to see 7:15/8:30.Homework: Listen and read.Dictation.Lesson 3 Language skills: Listening: Locate specific information in response to proper expressions: Speaking: Using “What time do you….? I … at….” to communicate with other learners.Pronouncing the sounds of the letters “n, p” correctly.Reading: Read the text fluently.The learning materials: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The learning course: Pre-task preparation: 1.Have a free talk 2.Revision: What’s the time? It’s….While-task procedure: 1.T to Ss: I get up at…(repeat sometimes)What time do you get up? 2.Encourage the students to answer: I get up at six o’clock.3.Learn to say: What time do you get up? I get up at six.4.Show some picture and learn to say: have breakfast, have lunch, have supper, go to school, watch TV 5.Listen to the tape and answer.Mike goes to school at ….Mike comes home at… 6.Listen and repeat.7.Practise the reading in parts and in roles.8.Listen and repeat Name new panda Peter The new panda’s name is Peter.Post-task activity: Do a survey.1.Find out your friends’ timetable by using “ What time do you…?” 2.Report _____ at ______ Consolidation: 1.Listen and read.2.Dictation.Homework: Listen and read.Finish the survey after class.Lesson 4 Language skills: Listening: Locate specific information in response to proper expressions: Speaking: Using the learned phrases to communicate with other learners.Writing: What time do you ….? I … at ….The learning materials: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The learning course: Pre-task preparation: 1.Free talk 2.Revision Play a game.Count from one to hundred.Don’t say the multiples of “3”.Say “Hello”.Eg one, two, hello, four…
If one makes a mistake the other say.“… you’re out.”
3.Look and read.Have breakfast have lunch have supper go to school watch TV 4.Report.Talk about the survey finished after class.Find out: Who has the best time? Give some suggestions to sb.You … at….It’s too …
5.Copy: have breakfast
have lunch have supper go to school watch TV What time do you get up?
I get up at … While-task procedure: 1.Ss’ book page 52-53.Listen and repeat.2.Show some pictures and revise the words A supermarket
a park
a zoo a cinema the Great Wall 3.T to S1/S2 Excuse me, What’s the time? It’s… It’s time to go home/go to school.Yes.Let’s go.4.Make a dialogue in pairs.5.S1 to T Elicit: Shall we go by bus? Learn to say.Post-task activity: Make a dialogue in groups.Each one writes down a time and talk about the time and where to go Consolidation: Workbook p27-30 Homework: Listen and read.Dictation.Lesson 5 Language skills: Listening: Locate specific information in response to proper expressions: Speaking: Using the learned phrases to communicate with other learners.Writing: The learned words and sentences in Unit7.The learning materials: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The learning course: Pre-task preparation: 1.Free talk: invite some students to say.2.Revision Revision
Look and march:
6:30a.m
go to bed
7:10a.m
watch TV
7:20a.m
have breakfast
9:00a.m
have lunch
11:30a.m
go home
4:40p.m
get up
5:30p.m
play a game
8:00p.m
have a supper
9:00p.m
go to bed
Look and do pair work.What’s the time? It’s….What time do you…?
While-task procedure: 1.Look and read P58 a.Read by oneself.b.Invite to read.c.Find out which picture is the funniest.Why? 2.Learn to sing a song.a.Learn to say the sentences.b.Practise the reading by adding actions.c.Learn to sing the song line by line.d.Practise the singing in groups.e.Invite some groups to sing.Post-task activity: Make a new song.Divide the students to make a new song.Encourage the students to make a new song.Enjoy the new songs.Consolidation: 1.Finish the workbook.2.Dictation.Homework: Listen and read.Dictation.
第三篇：sqlldr使用小結(jié)
sqlldr使用小結(jié)
sqlldr userid=lgone/tiger control=a.ctl
LOAD DATA
INFILE ’t.dat’ // 要導(dǎo)入的文件
// INFILE ’tt.date’ // 導(dǎo)入多個(gè)文件
// INFILE * // 要導(dǎo)入的內(nèi)容就在control文件里 下面的BEGINDATA后面就是導(dǎo)入的內(nèi)容
INTO TABLE table_name // 指定裝入的表
BADFILE ’c:＼bad.txt’ // 指定壞文件地址
************* 以下是4種裝入表的方式
APPEND // 原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) 就加在后面
// INSERT // 裝載空表 如果原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) sqlloader會(huì)停止 默認(rèn)值
// REPLACE // 原先的表有數(shù)據(jù) 原先的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)全部刪除
// TRUNCATE // 指定的內(nèi)容和replace的相同 會(huì)用truncate語(yǔ)句刪除現(xiàn)存數(shù)據(jù)
************* 指定的TERMINATED可以在表的開頭 也可在表的內(nèi)部字段部分
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ’“’
// 裝載這種數(shù)據(jù): 10,lg,”“"lg”“",”lg,lg“
// 在表中結(jié)果: 10 lg ”lg“ lg,lg
// TERMINATED BY X ’0Array’ // 以十六進(jìn)制格式 ’0Array’ 表示的// TERMINATED BY WRITESPACE // 裝載這種數(shù)據(jù): 10 lg lg
TRAILING NULLCOLS ************* 表的字段沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的值時(shí)允許為空
************* 下面是表的字段
（col_1 , col_2 ,col_filler FILLER // FILLER 關(guān)鍵字 此列的數(shù)值不會(huì)被裝載
// 如: lg,lg,not 結(jié)果 lg lg)
// 當(dāng)沒聲明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’ 時(shí)
//（// col_1 [interger external] TERMINATED BY ’,’ ，// col_2 [date ”dd-mon-yyy“] TERMINATED BY ’,’ , // col_3 [char] TERMINATED BY ’,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ’lg’
//)
// 當(dāng)沒聲明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’用位置告訴字段裝載數(shù)據(jù)
//（// col_1 position(1:2)，// col_2 position(3:10)，// col_3 position(*:16), // 這個(gè)字段的開始位置在前一字段的結(jié)束位置
// col_4 position(1:16)，// col_5 position(3:10)char(8)// 指定字段的類型
//)
BEGINDATA // 對(duì)應(yīng)開始的 INFILE * 要導(dǎo)入的內(nèi)容就在control文件里
10,Sql,what
20,lg,show
=======================================
//////////// 注意begindata后的數(shù)值前面不能有空格***** 普通裝載
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ’”’
(DEPTNO，DNAME，LOC)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,“"”USA“"”
20,Accounting,“Virginia,USA”
30,Consulting,Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia
50,“Finance”,“",Virginia // loc 列將為空
60,”Finance“，Virginia // loc 列將為空***** FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDS TERMINATED BY x’0Array’ 的情況
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
--FIELDS TERMINATED BY x’0Array’
(DEPTNO，DNAME，LOC)
BEGINDATA Sales Virginia ***** 指定不裝載那一列
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ’”’
(DEPTNO，F(xiàn)ILLER_1 FILLER, // 下面的 “Something Not To Be Loaded” 將不會(huì)被裝載
DNAME，LOC)
BEGINDATA
20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,“Virginia,USA” ***** position的列子
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
(DEPTNO position(1:2)，DNAME position(*:16), // 這個(gè)字段的開始位置在前一字段的結(jié)束位置
LOC position(*:2Array)，ENTIRE_LINE position(1:2Array))
BEGINDATA
10Accounting Virginia,USA
***** 使用函數(shù) 日期的一種表達(dá) TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS // 其實(shí)下面的ENTIRE_LINE在BEGINDATA后面的數(shù)據(jù)中是沒有直接對(duì)應(yīng)
// 的列的值的 如果第一行改為
10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000， 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了
(DEPTNO，DNAME “upper(:dname)”, // 使用函數(shù)
LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED date ’dd/mm/yyyy’, // 日期的一種表達(dá)方式 還有’dd-mon-yyyy’ 等
ENTIRE_LINE “:deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated”)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1ArrayArrayArray 30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000
40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001 ***** 使用自定義的函數(shù) // 解決的時(shí)間問題
create or replace
function my_to_date(p_string in varchar2)return date
as
type fmtArray is table of varchar2(25);
l_fmts fmtArray := fmtArray(’dd-mon-yyyy’, ’dd-month-yyyy’，’dd/mm/yyyy’，’dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss’);
l_return date;
begin
for i in 1..l_fmts.count
loop
begin
l_return := to_date(p_string, l_fmts(i));
exception
when others then null;
end;EXIT when l_return is not null;
end loop;
if(l_return is null)
then
l_return :=
new_time(to_date(’01011Array70’,’ddmmyyyy’)+ 1/24/60/60 *
p_string, ’GMT’, ’EST’);
end if;
return l_return;
end;
/
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO, DNAME “upper(:dname)”，LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED “my_to_date(:last_updated)” // 使用自定義的函數(shù))
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02
40,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7
50,Finance,Virginia,02-apr-2001
60,Finance,Virginia,Not a date ***** 合并多行記錄為一行記錄
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
concatenate 3 // 通過關(guān)鍵字concatenate 把幾行的記錄看成一行記錄
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
(DEPTNO, DNAME “upper(:dname)”，LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED date ’dd/mm/yyyy’)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales, // 其實(shí)這3行看成一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
Virginia，1/5/2000
// 這列子用 continueif list=“,” 也可以
告訴sqlldr在每行的末尾找逗號(hào) 找到逗號(hào)就把下一行附加到上一行
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
continueif this(1:1)= ’-’ // 找每行的開始是否有連接字符-有就把下一行連接為一行
// 如-10,Sales,Virginia，// 1/5/2000 就是一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
// 其中1:1 表示從第一行開始 并在第一行結(jié)束 還有continueif next 但continueif list最理想
INTO TABLE DEPT replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
(DEPTNO，DNAME “upper(:dname)”，LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED date ’dd/mm/yyyy’)
BEGINDATA // 但是好象不能象右面的那樣使用
-10,Sales,Virginia,-10,Sales,Virginia，1/5/2000 1/5/2000
-40, 40,Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001
Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001 ***** 載入每行的行號(hào)
load data
infile *
into table t
replace
(seqno RECNUM //載入每行的行號(hào)
text Position(1:1024))
BEGINDATA fsdfasj //自動(dòng)分配一行號(hào)給載入 表t 的seqno字段 此行為 1
fasdjfasdfl // 此行為 2...Array ***** 載入有換行符的數(shù)據(jù)
注意: unix 和 windows 不同 ＼＼n & /n
< 1 > 使用一個(gè)非換行符的字符
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO，DNAME “upper(:dname)”，LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED “my_to_date(:last_updated)”，COMMENTS “replace(:comments,’＼n’,chr(10))” // replace 的使用幫助轉(zhuǎn)換換行符)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales＼nOffice in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting＼nOffice in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting＼nOffice in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7,This is the Finance＼nOffice in Virginia
< 2 > 使用fix屬性
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo17.dat “fix 101”
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO，DNAME “upper(:dname)”，LOC “upper(:loc)”，LAST_UPDATED “my_to_date(:last_updated)”，COMMENTS)
demo17.dat 10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia
// 這樣裝載會(huì)把換行符裝入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 下面的方法就不會(huì) 但要求數(shù)據(jù)的格式不同
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo18.dat “fix 101”
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’ OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ’“’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO, DNAME ”upper(:dname)“，LOC ”upper(:loc)“，LAST_UPDATED ”my_to_date(:last_updated)“，COMMENTS)
demo18.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,”This is the Sales
Office in Virginia“
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,”This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia“
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,”This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia“
40,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7,”This is the Finance
Office in Virginia“
< 3 > 使用var屬性
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo1Array.dat ”var 3“
// 3 告訴每個(gè)記錄的前3個(gè)字節(jié)表示記錄的長(zhǎng)度 如第一個(gè)記錄的 071 表示此記錄有 71 個(gè)字節(jié)
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO，DNAME ”upper(:dname)“，LOC ”upper(:loc)“，LAST_UPDATED ”my_to_date(:last_updated)“，COMMENTS)
demo1Array.dat
07110,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia
07820,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia
08730,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia
07140,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia
< 4 > 使用str屬性
// 最靈活的一中 可定義一個(gè)新的行結(jié)尾符 win 回車換行 : chr(13)||chr(10)
此列中記錄是以 a|＼r＼n 結(jié)束的select utl_raw.cast_to_raw(’|’||chr(13)||chr(10))from dual;
結(jié)果 7C0D0A
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo20.dat ”str X’7C0D0A’“
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ’,’
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO，DNAME ”upper(:dname)“，LOC ”upper(:loc)“，LAST_UPDATED ”my_to_date(:last_updated)"，COMMENTS)
demo20.dat 10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia|
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia|
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia|
40,Finance,Virginia,Array872682Array7,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia|
================================
象這樣的數(shù)據(jù) 用 nullif 子句
10-jan-200002350Flipper seemed unusually hungry today.10510-jan-20000ArrayArray45Spread over three meals.id position(1:3)nullif id=blanks // 這里可以是blanks 或者別的表達(dá)式
// 下面是另一個(gè)列子 第一行的 1 在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中將成為 null
LOAD DATA INFILE *
INTO TABLE T
REPLACE
(n position(1:2)integer external nullif n=’1’，v position(3:8))
BEGINDATA 10
20lg
-----------------------------
第四篇：GridCtrl使用小結(jié)
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GridCtrl使用詳解
CGridCtrl類主要是通過grid樣式顯示數(shù)據(jù) 在單文檔中的使用方法
步驟一 初始化 在CView類的.h頭文件中包含文件:
#include “Gridctrl.h” 并且手寫加入如下的成員函數(shù):
CGridCtrl * m_pGridCtrl;步驟二 構(gòu)造與析構(gòu) 構(gòu)造函數(shù)中:
m_pGridCtrl = NULL;析構(gòu)函數(shù)中:
if(m_pGridCtrl)
delete m_pGridCtrl;步驟三 如果需要打印功能的話添加同名打印函數(shù)代碼 在CView類的OnBeginPrinting()函數(shù)中添加如下代碼: if(m_pGridCtrl)
m_pGridCtrl->OnBeginPrinting(pDC,pInfo);//簡(jiǎn)單吧,這就是類的好處其它兩個(gè)打印函數(shù)也一樣的做法.步驟四 在OnInitaUpdate()函數(shù)中或者你自己添加的要顯示Grid的消息函數(shù)中如下初始化: //創(chuàng)建非模式對(duì)話框 CDlg *dlg;dlg=new CDlg();dlg->Create(IDD_Dlg,this);
//初始化GridCtrl控件 if(m_pGridCtrl!=NULL){ deletem_pGridCtrl;m_pGridCtrl=NULL;} if(m_pGridCtrl == NULL){ // Create the Gridctrl object m_pGridCtrl = new CGridCtrl;if(!m_pGridCtrl)return 0;// Create the Gridctrl window CRectrect;GetClientRect(rect);m_pGridCtrl->Create(rect, this, 100);// fill it up with stuff m_pGridCtrl->SetEditable(false);m_pGridCtrl->SetTextBkColor(RGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE0));//黃色背景 m_pGridCtrl->EnableDragAndDrop(false);try { m_pGridCtrl->SetRowCount(k);//設(shè)置行數(shù)為k行 m_pGridCtrl->SetColumnCount(4);//k列
m_pGridCtrl->SetFixedRowCount(1);//標(biāo)題行為一行
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m_pGridCtrl->SetFixedColumnCount(1);//同上 } catch(CMemoryException* e){ e->ReportError();e->Delete();return 0;} //填充列標(biāo)題 int row=0;for(int col=0;col<4;col++){ GV_ITEM Item;Item.mask = GVIF_TEXT|GVIF_FORMAT;Item.row = row;Item.col = col;if(col==0){ Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.strText.Format(_T(“【類別】”),col);} else if(col==1){ Item.nFormat = DT_LEFT|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.strText.Format(_T(“第一列”),col);} else if(col==2){ Item.nFormat = DT_LEFT|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.strText.Format(_T(“第二列”),col);} m_pGridCtrl->SetItem(&Item);} // fill rows/cols with text for(row = 1;row < k;row++)for(col = 0;col < h;col++){ GV_ITEM Item;Item.mask = GVIF_TEXT|GVIF_FORMAT;Item.row = row;Item.col = col;if(col < 1){ //行標(biāo)題頭
Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_VCENTER |DT_SINGLELINE|DT_END_ELLIPSIS |DT_NOPREFIX;Item.strText.Format(_T(“%d”),row);
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} else if(col==1){ //第一列的值 Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_VCENTER |DT_SINGLELINE|DT_END_ELLIPSIS |DT_NOPREFIX;str=“aa”;Item.strText.Format(_T(“%s”),str);}else if(col==2){ //第二列第值 Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_VCENTER |DT_SINGLELINE|DT_END_ELLIPSIS |DT_NOPREFIX;CStringstr;str=“bb”;Item.strText.Format(_T(“%s”),str);} m_pGridCtrl->SetItem(&Item);} m_pGridCtrl->AutoSize();
//--------------設(shè)置行列距------------------for(int a=1;a
步驟五: 添加WM_SIZE消息,調(diào)整控件的界面占屏幕大小
if(m_pGridCtrl->GetSafeHWnd())
{
CRectrect;
GetClientRect(rect);
m_pGridCtrl->MoveWindow(rect);
}
在對(duì)話框中的使用方法 步驟一 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)顯示表格對(duì)話框
在資源管理器中新創(chuàng)建一個(gè)對(duì)話框，假設(shè)為CDlgTestReportBox。從工具箱中加入Custom Control，就是人頭像的那個(gè)，將其區(qū)域拉伸至要顯示數(shù)據(jù)表格的大小，充滿整個(gè)對(duì)話框。
在CDlgTestReportBox類的頭文件中： #include “GridCtrl.h”
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再定義成員變量： CGridCtrl* m_pGrid;添加OnShowWindow()消息處理函數(shù)如下：
voidCDlgTestReportBox::OnShowWindow(BOOL bShow, UINT nStatus){ CDialog::OnShowWindow(bShow, nStatus);// TODO: Add your message handler code here if(m_pGrid!=NULL){ deletem_pGrid;m_pGrid=NULL;} if(m_pGrid==NULL){ m_pGrid=new CGridCtrl;CRectrect;GetDlgItem(IDC_ReportAera)->GetWindowRect(rect);//得到顯示區(qū)域 ScreenToClient(&rect);m_pGrid->Create(rect,this,100);m_pGrid->SetEditable(false);m_pGrid->SetTextBkColor(RGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE0));//黃色背景 try { m_pGrid->SetRowCount(10);//初始為10行
m_pGrid->SetColumnCount(11);//初始化為11列 m_pGrid->SetFixedRowCount(1);//表頭為一行 m_pGrid->SetFixedColumnCount(1);//表頭為一列 } catch(CMemoryException* e){ e->ReportError();e->Delete();// return FALSE;} for(int row = 0;row
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{ Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.szText.Format(_T(“報(bào)表顯示”),col);} else if(row < 1)//設(shè)置0行表頭顯示 { Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.szText.Format(_T(“ 項(xiàng)目%d”),col);} else if(col < 1)//設(shè)置0列表頭顯示 { if(row
步驟二 嵌入上面的對(duì)話框 顯示數(shù)據(jù)
在你需要顯示數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)話框上的頭文件中，假設(shè)為CDlgTest，加入 #include ”GridCtrl.h“ CDlgTestReportBox* m_pTestReportBox;將數(shù)據(jù)顯示對(duì)話框放入你的對(duì)話框相應(yīng)位置上，在CDlgTest::OnInitDialog()中：
if(!m_pTestReportBox){
m_pTestReportBox=new CDlgTestReportBox(this);} m_pTestReportBox->Create(IDD_DlgTestReportBox,this);
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//定義區(qū)域變量 CRectrectDraw;GetDlgItem(IDC_AeraReport)->GetWindowRect(rectDraw);ScreenToClient(&rectDraw);//動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)顯示區(qū)域rectDraw //將對(duì)應(yīng)的對(duì)話框放到指定區(qū)域 m_pTestReportBox->MoveWindow(rectDraw);m_pTestReportBox->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);自定義填充數(shù)據(jù)的函數(shù)：CDlgTest::FillGrid()如下： CGridCtrl* pGrid=m_pTestReportBox->m_pGrid;for(int row = pGrid->GetRowCount()-1;row >= pGrid->GetRowCount()-3;row--){ for(int col = 1;col <= pGrid->GetColumnCount();col++){ GV_ITEM Item;Item.mask = GVIF_TEXT|GVIF_FORMAT;Item.row = row;Item.col = col;if(row==pGrid->GetRowCount()-3&&col>0)//平均值 { if(col==10){ Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.szText.Format(_T(” %6.2f “),avjch);} else{ Item.nFormat = DT_CENTER|DT_WORDBREAK;Item.szText.Format(_T(” %6.2f “),av[col-1]);} } pGrid->SetItem(&Item);//提交數(shù)據(jù) if(row==0||col==0){ COLORREF clr = RGB(0, 0, 0);pGrid->SetItemBkColour(row, col, clr);pGrid->SetItemFgColour(row, col, RGB(255,0,0));} }//循環(huán)結(jié)束
pGrid->Invalidate();} CGRIFCTRL原理：
DBGRID和一般的GRID的不同之處在于，一般的GRID并不適合顯示大的數(shù)據(jù)量，如果一個(gè)表中有上萬(wàn)條記錄都要插入到GRID中，這將是一個(gè)很慢的過程，并且在GRID中移動(dòng)滾動(dòng)條時(shí)，它的記錄的滾動(dòng)也是很慢。而DBGRID并不會(huì)真正把這些記錄的數(shù)據(jù)全部插入到控件中，當(dāng)DBGRID的滾動(dòng)條滾動(dòng)時(shí)，它會(huì)根據(jù)DBGRID的顯示面積的大小和查詢得到的總記錄數(shù)計(jì)算出當(dāng)前應(yīng)該顯示哪些行，然后插入
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到表格中，這樣一來，速度肯定快，而且沒有數(shù)據(jù)量多少的限制。幸運(yùn)的是，CGridCtrl類已經(jīng)為我們提供了這種機(jī)制，它是采用虛模式實(shí)現(xiàn)的。使用這種方式，即使你向這個(gè)該控件插入一百萬(wàn)條數(shù)據(jù)，它并不會(huì)真的生成一百萬(wàn)行，而是隨著你的滾動(dòng)條的滾動(dòng)，計(jì)算出在屏幕上要顯示的行和列，然后會(huì)向你提供一個(gè)接口，通過這個(gè)接口，你可以在這兒設(shè)置你要顯示的數(shù)據(jù)。下面給出使用CGridCtrl控件的虛模式的步驟： 步驟一 初始化
在視圖的初始化函數(shù)里添加如下代碼：
void SetVirtualMode(TRUE)
設(shè)為虛模式
BOOL SetRowCount(intnRows)
設(shè)置總的行數(shù)。
BOOL SetFixedRowCount(intnFixedRows = 1)
設(shè)置固定的行數(shù)據(jù) BOOL SetColumnCount(intnCols)
設(shè)置列數(shù) BOOL SetFixedColumnCount(intnFixedCols = 1)設(shè)置固定的列數(shù) 步驟二 響應(yīng)消息 顯示數(shù)據(jù)
我們假設(shè)CGridCtrl是放在單文檔視圖中，而且它關(guān)聯(lián)的變量是m_GridCtrl,利用ClassWizard添加視圖的OnNotify響應(yīng)函數(shù)。這個(gè)響應(yīng)函數(shù)的寫法是固定的，類似下面的代碼：
BOOL CGridCtrlTestView::OnNotify(WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam, LRESULT* pResult){ if(wParam ==(WPARAM)m_Grid.GetDlgCtrlID()){ *pResult = 1;GV_DISPINFO *pDispInfo =(GV_DISPINFO*)lParam;if(GVN_GETDISPINFO == pDispInfo->hdr.code){ //這是添加的函數(shù)，在這個(gè)函數(shù)里設(shè)置當(dāng)前要顯示的數(shù)據(jù) SetGridItem(pDispInfo);return TRUE;} } returnCGridCtrlTestView::OnNotify(wParam, lParam, pResult);} 在上面的代碼中，SetGridItem(pDispInfo)是添加的函數(shù)，在這個(gè)函數(shù)里我們?cè)O(shè)置當(dāng)前要顯示的數(shù)據(jù)。pDispInfo是一個(gè)GV_DISPINFO的結(jié)構(gòu)體對(duì)象，它包含了每個(gè)單元格的信息，如行號(hào)，列號(hào)，有沒有位圖，背景色，前景色等。CGRIDCTRL會(huì)把當(dāng)前要顯示那個(gè)單元格行號(hào)，列號(hào)傳遞給我們，我們只要設(shè)置里面顯示的數(shù)據(jù)就可以了。如下面是一個(gè)顯示數(shù)據(jù)的例子。
voidCGridCtrlTestView::SetGridItem(GV_DISPINFO *pDispInfo){
pDispInfo->item.strText.Format(”row%d,col%d",pDispInfo->it
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em.row, pDispInfo->item.col);}
第五篇：git使用小結(jié)
git使用小結(jié)
1.git-config 配置git，一般需要配置的是user.name，user.email，有時(shí)sendemail.smtpserver也要配置，比如，我使用msmtp：
git-config –global sendemail.smtpserver /usr/local/bin/msmtp 如果你僅僅是想給這一個(gè)項(xiàng)目配置，把–global選項(xiàng)去掉。查看配置的選項(xiàng)是–list。2.git-pull git-pull沒必要帶后面那長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的url（-_-b 我那么用了好多次，不過我用的是!git-pull）。如果你在給Linux內(nèi)核這樣的項(xiàng)目工作，記得git-pull之前檢查是不是在master分支。3.git-format-patch 如果發(fā)送多于一個(gè)補(bǔ)丁，最好用[PATCH n/m]的形式，加上-n。加signed-off-by那行是-s。指定為幾次commit生成補(bǔ)丁，直接加數(shù)字，比如，$ git-format-patch-3 檢查補(bǔ)丁是–check，最好加上這個(gè)。4.git-send-email 如果一次提交補(bǔ)丁比較多，最好用–no-chain-reply-to，因?yàn)槿绻挥玫脑?，在thread嵌套會(huì)太深，不利于別人閱讀。這個(gè)也可以通過選項(xiàng)sendemail.chainreplyto來控制。–signed-off-by-cc，要加上，可以省去手工處理的麻煩。–compose用來編輯[PATCH 0/m]，這個(gè)一般是對(duì)整個(gè)patchset的描述。–smtp-server，如果你不想用git-config指定的話，用它也行。–cc和–to就不用說了。5.git-commit 在git-commit之前最好git-add。git-commit幾個(gè)常用的選項(xiàng)有：-s 會(huì)增加Signed-off-by行，-e編輯commit message，-a表示all，-m是指定commit信息。同樣，刪除文件是先git-rm。查看commit列表用git-rev-list，查看某個(gè)commit用git-show，查看commit的日志用git-log，-p是以補(bǔ)丁的形式查看。6.其它 git-diff也可以比較不同版本之間的差異，某個(gè)版本的某個(gè)文件的差異，如： $ git-diff v2.6.22 $ git diff v2.6.20 init/main.c $ git-diff v2.6.23 v2.6.24-rc1 init/main.c git-whatchanged也差不多： $ git-whatchanged-p init/main.c 7.錯(cuò)誤提交了commit怎么辦？ a)git-revert 這個(gè)本身就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)commit，如果用得多了會(huì)讓你的log看起來不那么干凈。;-)b)git-reset 用這個(gè)要當(dāng)心，它會(huì)把那個(gè)commit之后的commit全部刪除。一個(gè)好的辦法是：先建立一個(gè)臨時(shí)的分支，然后再git-reset，再git-rebase，最后再刪除臨時(shí)的分支。詳細(xì)可以看這里。
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