第一篇：雅思總結(jié) 寫作

環(huán)境類：

1.exhaust gas emission/ emit exhaust gases 2.release waste water/ industrial effluent 3.make noises 4.environmentally friendly.5.it is environmentally friendly to charge on plastic bags to reduce plastic bag consumption in the market 教育類

1.create a competitive atmosphere 2.cooperation/cooperate 3.all-round talent 4.nine-year compulsory education 5.professional training/ job-oriented training 6.form a sound personality 7.higher education helps form a sound personality which is beneficial for students’ future development.8.cope with/deal with 處理，應(yīng)對(duì) to cope with pressure from work.醫(yī)療疾病類

1.heart attack;high blood pressure;stroke;diabetes;diarrhea;over-weight/ obesity 2.Many young children suffer from obesity due to intaking too much junk food.3.contagious/ infectious diseases 科技類

Communication;transportation 1.surf the internet 2.net-meeting software 3.instant messege tools 4.on-line shopping;on-line banking system;transaction交易

句型

1.Thanks to …., we would be able to/ have the opportunity to/ are allowed to…

2.education helps an individual obtain not only professional knowledge, but more importantly, it helps to develop

a sound personality.3.By taking advantage of(making full use of)…, we….4.Considering+名詞, we…(行動(dòng))status quo;Taking +名詞into consideration, we+(行動(dòng))5.密切相關(guān)

be closely related to…/Have a strong connection between…and…/link between… and …

例句The number of college graduates is closely related to the degree of a country’s civilization.Whether the environment is well protected or not is closely related to the sustainable development of the society 6.There are three reasons to illustrate… 7.A be originated from B

8.When it comes to …, there is no division between A and B.The line chart;the trend-line graph;the digram

The line chart depicts the number of foreign travellers visiting Australia from 1975 to 2005.The number increased gradually from exactly 10 to just over 30 million during this period.Throughout the period.Approximately;roughly;nearly;about Just over;just under Well over;well under There was an increase of the number

The number experienced/welcome an increase…..However, Suffered/experienced a decrease

The line chart compares the number of smokers every 1,000 among the genders from 1960 to 2000 in Someland.Generally speaking/ As an overall trend/ Basically, there were always more male smokers than their female counterparts.In 1962, the rate for men stood at 600 per 1000./ The figure decreased slowly to 580 in 1972 and continued to decline but more steeply to 260 by 2003.However, the situation for women was quite different.There were 100 women smoking per 1000 in 1962, which was much lower than men.The number went up gradually to 190 in 1972 and continued to climb but more rapidly to roughly 300 by 1977.The figure then levelled out at 300 until 1983 at which point it started to decline and had dropped steadily to approximately 200 in 2002.The number of cases stood at 100 in 1983.It increased minimally to roughly 110 by 1985 and continued to climb to 200 by the year of 1987.However, the number of cases dropped to the original level in the following year but then recovered quickly and had reached a peak at 400 in 1989.After a slight decrease by 50 in 1990, the figure levelled out at 350 until 1991 at which point it started to decline dramatically and had eradicated from someland in 1992.The line chart compares the GDP growth rates in Japan, America and rest of Asia from 1995 to 2001.Generally speaking, the growing trends of rates in three regions did not correlate with each other throughout the period.The two trend lines compare the trade balances figures in manufacturing and aguiculture sectors from 1991 to 2001.As an overall trend, it can be clearly seen that the trade balances were always positive in both sectors throughout the period.The imports in manufacturing sector increased from just over 2 $bn in 1991 to just under $6 bn in 2001 with fewer fluctuations.Follow the same trend but more fluctuations.The bar charts compare the number of deaths caused by six diseases with the amount of fund allocated to those diseases in 1990 in someland.When it comes to the number of deaths, TB contributed to 1.8 million deaths, which was the highest among all diseases.Diarrhea remained the second place of 0.5 million, followed by Malaria, TD, AIDS, and Leprosy with XX,XX,XX and XX respectively.As to the amount of fund allocation, there was 180 million dollars put into the reseach of AIDS./used for remedies of AIDS., which ranked the top of all diseases.TD and Leprosy spent equally of 80 million dollars, which was much lower than that of AIDS.The spending on Diarrhea, Malaria and TB ranged from 0 to 60 million dollars, which accounted for

less than 20% of total fund allocation.The first line chart compares the number of visitors going abroad from UK with those coming to UK for travelling.While the second bar chart demonstrates five countries/resorts which were most popular for UK visitors in 1999.Noticeably，The pie charts compare the highest level of education achieved by women in someland across two years, 1945 and 1995.|As an overall trend, it can be clearly seen that women were much better educated in 1995 than in 1945.In 1945, 20 percent of women received secondary education, among which 1% of them went on to college for their first

degree.The table compares the railway systems in six cities in three aspects: opening date, length of routes and passengers carrying per year.As to the date of opening, railway was firstly constructed in London in the year of 1863.Subsequently, Pairs, Tokyo, Washingdon DC and Kyoto owned their

thrailways in the 20 century in the years of 1900, 1927,1976 and 1981 respectively.It was not until 2001 did Los Angeles construct its railway system.According to the table, the length of route in London remained the longest of 394 km.The route in Washington, Tokyo and Paris ranged from 100 to 200 kms.In comparison, Kyoto and Los Angeles had the shortest routes among the all, with

11km and 28 km respectively.Despite of the long route of railway in London, the number of passegers carried per year there ranked only the third place of six cities(755 million).On the other hand, railways in Tokyo and Paris turned out to be the busist with 1927 and 1191 million passengers respectively.On the contrary, the number of passengers carried in Kyoto, Los Angeles and Washington DC varied from 40 to 150 million per year.The table compares two Indian Ocean countries of Madagascar and Mauritus in five aspects.In terms of suface area, Madagascar was 12823 km2, which was nearly six times larger than Mauritus.The population in Mauritus was 456 million in 1999, which was only one sixth of that in Madagascar.Moreover, the variance was expected to become more significant, because the population growth rate in Madagascar was 12% compared with 2% in Mauritus.The number increased sharply from 10 to(about;approximately;nearly;roughly)(just over/well over;just under/well under)30 million during the period.(throughout the period)There was an upward trend of the number

In 1960, there was 600 men in 1000 smoking./ In 1960, the number of male smokers per 1000 stood at 600.The rate declined steadily to roughly 580 in(by)1973 and continued to decrease but more sharply to approximately 300 by 2002.In contrast/by comparison/on the contrary, the rate of women started low at just under 100.The rate rose slightly to around 180 in 1973 and continued to increase but more quickly to roughly 300 in 1977.The number remained stable at 300 until 1982 at which point it started to decline and had dropped to 190 in 2002.In conclusion, there were always more male smokers than female smokers thoughout the period and the smoking rates for them were both declining recentely.The table describes the underground railways systems in six cities in terms of/ in the respects of/ in the aspects of opening date, length of routes, passengers per year.When it comes to the opening date, railway firstly appeared in London in 1863.Railways were subsequently constructed in ththe 20 centery in Paris, Tokyo, Washingdon DC and Kyoto.It was not until 2001 did Los Angeles have underground railways.As to the length of route/

Noticeably.

第二篇：雅思寫作總結(jié)句

篇一：雅思寫作常用黃金總結(jié)句

雅思寫作常用黃金總結(jié)句

在復(fù)習(xí)雅思過程中同學(xué)們可以適當(dāng)總結(jié)雅思寫作中常用句型，比如小編下面匯總的萬用總結(jié)句，在不同的題目中可以將這些作為骨架，加入具體細(xì)節(jié)性內(nèi)容，這樣快速寫出一篇中規(guī)中矩的雅思作文。也可以積累下列句型，加入一些特殊詞匯為自己的寫作增加色彩。雅思寫作黃金總結(jié)句之1.表示原因

1)there are three reasons for this.2)the reasons for this are as follows.3)the reason for this is obvious.4)the reason for this is not far to seek.5)the reason for this is that...雅思寫作黃金總結(jié)句之2.表示好處

1)it has the following advantages.2)it does us a lot of good.3)it benefits us quite a lot.4)it is of great benefit to us.雅思寫作黃金總結(jié)句之3.表示壞處

1)it has more disadvantages than advantages.2)it does us much harm.3)it is harmful to us.雅思寫作黃金總結(jié)句之4.表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能

1)it is important(necessary，difficult，convenient，possible)for sb.to do sth.2)we think it necessary to do sth.3)it plays an important role in our life.雅思寫作黃金總結(jié)句之5.表示措施

1)we should take some effective measures.3)we should do our utmost in doing sth.4)we should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.雅思寫作黃金總結(jié)句之6.表示變化

1)some have taken place in the past five years.句之7.表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀

1)no the fact that...2)there is no denying the fact that...3)this phenomenon that many people are interested in.4)howevers not the case.句之8.表示比較

1)there striking contrast between them.句之9.表示數(shù)量

1)it increased(decreased)from...to...2)the population in this city has now increased(decreased)to 800，000.1)people have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth.2)people different opinions on this problem.3)people different views of(on)the question.4)some believe that...others argue that...篇二：雅思寫作：高分結(jié)尾總結(jié)句

寫作：高分結(jié)尾總結(jié)句

changes 雅思寫作黃金總結(jié)one can deny is a，that’雅思寫作黃金總結(jié)is a 雅思寫作黃金總結(jié)has have take people 雅思雅思作文結(jié)尾段優(yōu)秀句型，今天大家?guī)淼氖顷P(guān)于雅思作文結(jié)尾段優(yōu)秀句型的詳細(xì)介紹，供大家參考，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

雅思作文結(jié)尾句型推薦：

1)in short，it can be said that.。

2)it may be briefly summed up as follows。

4)in general/above all/with the result that/as a result/consequently。.5)as far as i am concerned/as for me,.。.6)this truth above seems to be self-evident。

7)whether we examine the above, such things can happens anywhere anytime to anyone。

8)in my point of view, i like/prefer a much more than b。

9)i still prefer a, however, for they teach me not only to be...but also to be...，both in...and in...。10)there is no doubt that。

11)in order to make our world a better place in which to live we should efforts to。

12)to a large extent,..., therefore, reflects。

13)if all above mentioned measures are achieved。

14)wherever you are and whatever you do,...is always meaningful。

15)so clear/evident/obvious it is that there are quite different opinions on it。16)now, which one do you prefer-----the one...or the one...? were it left to me to select, i should not hesitated a moment to choose the former/latter。

資料來源：教育優(yōu)選

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以上就是雅思小編帶來的關(guān)于雅思作文結(jié)尾段優(yōu)秀句型的詳細(xì)介紹，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助，雅思小編最后祝大家都能取得好成績(jī)順利踏上留學(xué)之路。篇三：雅思作文-好句總結(jié) 好句總結(jié)：

多用such替換the ,a.例：admittedly, such issue ,to some extent,has given rise to a bunch of familiar questions.（模板的第3段開頭）

開頭句型：（放在文章中間也很好的句子）

as our lives are saturated with the flood of(advertisements),no one can avoid being influenced by ads.(ads 錯(cuò)的，不能用簡(jiǎn)寫哦~)4(bad traffic and increasing pollution)are thorny issues challenging every major city in the globe.（in the globe全世界）

好處句型！2 a exert a positive impact on ….3 a can an effective way to(help)……(簡(jiǎn)單但好用)4 few things can be more（impressive）than ….that…(新3的哦，推薦)5 play a pivotal role in … 6 benefit from../ profit from…一般

promot the development of..8 a is the cornerstone of …

remove the barrier for..10 raise one’s awareness of …常用

enable sb to do …

sb is the ultimate beneficiary（sb是。的最終受益者，社會(huì)問題類說人們應(yīng)該自己也承擔(dān)責(zé)任用）

consolidates its status as the..14 get a clear perspective of..15 give a boost to..16 a is an indispensable part of b 17 a is irreplaceable tp b 18 the signigicant of a to b can never be ingored 19 a is the key ingredient to b~~ 20 a made it possibe for sb to…

a exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people.(新3的哦，推薦)find it impossible to resist the temptation to do ….22 needless to say / indeed ,……（可以放在任一句開頭，很好用哦~）

develop an unshakable faith in …

have a reputation of..25 nothing can catch them for …

make a contribution to(也可作寫壞處的句子 the city make its own contribution to noise)27 build bridges between 28 特別的

improve one’s physical and psychological wellbeing /soundness 身體心理健康 optimise people’s living standards 提高人們生活水平

eradicate poverty 消除貧困

it’s not a that are important ,but b satisfy basic(human)needs 滿足要求

ease the tension and conflicts between alleviate the problem of 消除沖突和緊張 be fully aware of the consequences the impact of（sporting activities）goes far beyond the bounds of(leisure and recreation.)3 壞處的句型

drive up the crime rate..2 widen the gap between a 3 pose a(direct)threat to …

stifle creativity 5 diminish individual’s leisure time…

spin out of control 7 tension and conflicts between…

detrimental/negative/adverse influence（impact）upon/on 10 with …

deprive one of sth 12 cause of …

with sth 14 of ….15 be confronted with sth 16 to …

national identity 18 for 19 is an vicious circle 20(scientific)progress 21 yawning gap between 22 devastating problem 23 is ruined 25 things can go wrong on a big scale

cause(creat)exert(have)be afflicted sth is the root be saturated at the expense run contrary erode the pose a dilemma hamper there is a pose a the reputation 26 sth is always faced with a difficult task /problem 27 it is impossible to 28 have(little)difficulties in doing 29pay the price for(fame)30(pollution)is the price we pay for(overpopulated ,over industrialized planet)31 people seem to fail to take into account the fact that ….好句！

lead to some unfavorable results 33 sacrifice ….for …

there is a major concern over t he world about ….35 give rise to a bunch of familiar questions 37 the problem of(information overloaded)exacerbated by(the growth …)4 解決問題類

小模板：（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人）1evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on ….,saying clearly(that..).2other policies(such as。)can be taken to back up the policy.3 one helpful step is to … ,another possibility is to improve …., so that ….4 it should be an addtion to the policy work ,not a substitute.5 the more effort put in and wider(the whole school)involvement ,the substantial the results are likely to be.1 give priority to sth 2 shoulder the responsibility to 4 impose restrictions on..5 take …into account /consideration 6 should be increasingly focus on…rather than …

what will make the most difference is …..the new study makes this point even more starkly 8 there are ways of dealing with the topic through …, ….and …..three factors are involved in this change.新概念3+劍橋好句：

apparently,there is a good deal of truth in this idea./there is an element of truth in both agreements 2more importantly/significantly,there is still good evidence that …

has given rise to a bunch of familiar questions.6 it’s not a that are important ,but b 7 providing more parking area, in the long run ,has proved to be a practical way out in many large cities in the world.插入語

not only had the poor man been arrested ,but he had been sent to prison ,as well 9 it has been estimated that …據(jù)估計(jì)

considering the amount she paid ,he was dear in more ways than one.非謂語 fearing that she would never see ratus again 12 avoid squandering money on 避免浪費(fèi)錢在。上

shoulder important responsibilities on major global issues 14these regions are fragile not just in terms of their ecology,but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants.27 but what happened was that it became ,overwhelmingly, a medium for tekking stories.插入語

28unfortunately, they are the ones the organisation can least afford to lose.29 there is an abundance of evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from carefully matching people to jobs.an abundance of 大量的，好！

managers, must be sure ,therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals.插入語

31to varying degree, we all have secrets which……

it seemed certain that 34 廣告much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste,we are no longer free to choose the things we want ,for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us.35 in time ,it became an accepted fact that … 篇四：雅思寫作過渡句總結(jié)

sand過渡句模板：

一．ban類模板： para 2：

1.it goes without saying that… but…

2.apparently, those who hold that… do have their reasons.3.indeed, a point of those opponents should not be neglected that …

4.there is no doubt that… does/do….para 3：

1.it is essential for us to realize that without… , more serious problems would be exerted in various aspects.2.there are a great deal of benefits brought by ….which far outweigh its drawbacks.3.what makes me have the belief that ….should not be banned is because…

5.whether this problem can be solved by the prohibition of….., from my point of view, is quite questionable.二．比較類模板：

①替換類 para 2：

1.there are those who prefer a to b for a simple reason that ….2.admittedly, a is superior to b in some sense as it can…

para 3: 1.we have to admit that there is some element of truth in the above argument, but some of b’s own benefits are also irreplaceable.2.although, the above argument sounds reasonable, the advantages of b should not be neglected, either.3.what makes me have the belief that a should not totally replace b despite of its obvious advantages , is because there are also some irreplaceable benefits brought by b.②重要性比較類 para2：

1.apparently those people who hold that… do have there reasons.2.it goes without saying that…

3.there is no doubt that…

4.the reason why some people regard … as the most great … is that…

para 3: 1.we have to admit that…/indeed/admittedly….however, in my opinion, b is even more important than a/as important as a.2.admittedly,…..nevertheless, without b, a could not ….3.admittedly,… however, b is also superior to a in several aspects.③比較建議類

para 2：

1.those who hold that… do have their reasons.2.indeed, a great many benefits will be brought by …

3.the reason why some people table this proposal can be analyzed in two aspects.4.it cannot be denied that there still exist some disadvantages of …

5.of course, i am not denying the merits of …

para 3: 1.what makes me have the belief that ….is because 2.we have to admit that there is some element of truth of the above argument.in my opinion, nevertheless, fairness should be prior to advantages, only through which can we… 3.no matter how reasonablethe proposal sounds, we should not neglect the most important element: fairness.④ only類

para 2: para3: 三．問題解決類：

para 2：

1.we have to admit that those who table this proposal do have their reasons.indeed, if it were… 2.it seems that the proposal to … does help us to … to some extent.indeed, if it were… para 3: 1.although the practice may have its positive side, on no account should the problems related to it be ignored.2.admittedly, the advantages of this practice is obvious, but whether this can be implemented smoothly , in my opinion, is quite questionable.3.indeed this practice is effective, but the point we should not ignored is that unless you realize the importance of it, the problem can be totally resolved.4.although at first glance the practice sounds reasonable and appealing, but it is not borne out by a careful consideration while the former/latter opinion is more convincing.四．建議類/利弊分析：

para 2：

1.apparently, those who hold that… do have their reasons to some extent.2.undoubtedly, the practice has its merits/demerits as it is beneficial/detrimental for sb.to do… 3.…is superior/detrimental in several ways, of which perhaps the most fundamental is that… para 3: 1.although the practice may have its positive side, on no account should the problems related to it be ignored.2.however, … served as a double-edged sword.in other words, the inferiority of it co-exit with its superiorities.3.we have to admit that there is some element of truth of the above argument.in my opinion, the advantages/disadvantages of it far outweigh its advantages/disadvantages.4.despite the advantages/disadvantages … has, it also has its disadvantages/advantages.五．both views: para 2: 1.apparently , those who hold/advocate/propose… do have their reasons to a certain extent.2.on the one hand, the proposal sounds reasonable to a certain extent.3.what makes sb.have the belief that… is that…

para 3: 1.while we have to admit that there is some element of truth in the above argument, the latter opinion, nevertheless, is more convincing to me.indeed… the point should not be overlooked that …

2.on the other hand, those who… also have a point.indeed, …

3.despite the fact that a seemingly enjoys considerable advantage in…., the point should be by no means neglected that…

b in several main aspects.5.to choose a or b is something of a dilemma to the public, because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of a, and neglect the genuinely good aspects of b.lead-in sentence : 1.over the past decade, the issue of … has risen to the top of the agenda for …

2.…mainly stem from several factors, including...3.… ,with its potential to impact every corner of the world, is an issue that must be addressed by the world.4.for now the world has a more urgent mission: …...5.scientists and experts are working together to find ways to …….6.…… is set to attract worldwide attention.7.…… has brought about many changes in people’s lives, for instance, …….8.we are entering a new era of _____.conclusion: it is true that…, however, ……

in conclusion, in order to…, … should …

having considered the arguments of both views, my conclusion is that… 篇五：雅思總結(jié)雅思寫作必備的72種句型(1-30句)免費(fèi)下載

雅思總結(jié)雅思寫作必備的72種句型(1-30句)免費(fèi)下載.txt不要為舊的悲傷而浪費(fèi)新的眼淚！現(xiàn)在干什么事都要有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，除了老婆。沒有100分的另一半，只有50分的兩個(gè)人。1.it作先行主語和先行賓語的一些句型

she had said what it was necessary to say。

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

it is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us。

3.all+抽象名詞或抽象名詞+itself(very+形容詞

he was all gentleness to her。

4.利用詞匯重復(fù)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)

a crime is a crime。

5.something(much)of和nothing(little)ofsomething of相當(dāng)于to some extent，表示程度。在疑問句或條件從句中，則為anything of，可譯為有點(diǎn)，略微等。譯為毫無，全無。much of譯為大有，not much of可譯為算不上，稱不上，little of可譯為幾乎無。something like譯為有點(diǎn)像，略似。

they say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar。

6.同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個(gè)名詞都指同一個(gè)人或物，of以及它前面的名詞構(gòu)一個(gè)形容詞短語，以修飾of后面的那個(gè)名詞。如her old sharper of a father，可譯為：她那騙子般的父親。

those pigs of girls eat so much。

7.as...as...can(may)beit is as plain as plain can be。

8.it is in(with)...as in(with)it is in life as in a journey。

9.as good as...相等于，就像，幾乎如；實(shí)際上，其實(shí)，實(shí)在。

the merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him。

10.many as well...as和might as well...as many as well...as可譯

為與其......，不如......，更好，以這樣做......為宜，如同......，也可以......等等。might as well...as表示不可能的事，可譯為猶如......，可與......一樣荒唐，與其那樣不如這樣的好等等。

one may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly。

11.to make...of的譯法(使......成為......，把......當(dāng)作)i will make a scientist of my son。

12.oo...+不定式，not(never)too...+不定式，too...not+不定式she is too angry to speak。

13.only(not, all, but, never)too...to do so 和too ready(apt)+ to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式也沒有否定意義，凡是not，allbut等字后+too...to，不定式都失去了否定意義，在too ready(apt)+to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式也沒有否定意義。

you know but too yell to hold your tongue。

14.no more...than...句型a home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man。

15.not so much...as和not so much as...結(jié)構(gòu)，not so much...as=not so much as...，其中as有進(jìn)可換用but rather，可譯為：與其說是......毋須說是......。而not so much as=without(not)even，可譯為甚至......還沒有。

the oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it。

16.nothing is more...than和nothing is so...as結(jié)構(gòu)，nothing is more...than和nothing is so...as都具有最高級(jí)比較的意思，nothing i可換用no，nobody，nowhere，little，few，hardly，scarcely等等，可譯為沒有......比......更為，像......再?zèng)]有了，最......等。

nothing is more precious than time。

17.cannot...too...結(jié)構(gòu)，cannot...too...意為it is impossible to overdo...或者，即無論怎樣......也不算過分。not可換用hardly，scarcely等，too可換用enough，sufficient等you cannot be too careful。

18.否定+but 結(jié)構(gòu)，在否定詞后面的but，具有which not，who not，that not，等等否定意義，構(gòu)成前后的雙重否定?？勺g成沒有......不是或......都......等nothing is so bad but it might have been worse。

19.否定+until(till)結(jié)構(gòu)，在否定詞no，not，never，little，few，seldom等的后邊所接用的until/till，多數(shù)情況下譯為 直到......才......，要......才......，把否定譯為肯定。

nobody knows what he can do till he has tried。

20.not so...but和not such a...but結(jié)構(gòu)，這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)和否定+but的結(jié)構(gòu)差不多，不同之點(diǎn)是這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的but是含有that...not意味的連續(xù)詞，表示程度?？勺g為還沒有......到不能做......的程度，并不是......不......，無論怎樣......也不是不能......等。

21.疑問詞+should...but 結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去的意外的事，意為none...but，可譯為除了......還有誰會(huì)......，豈料，想不到......竟是......等。

22.who knows but(that)...和who could should...but結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是反問形式，一般意譯為多半，亦未可知等等，有時(shí)也可直譯。

23.祈使句+and和祈使句+or結(jié)構(gòu)，祈使句+and表示if...you...，祈使名+or表示if...not...，you。

24.名詞+and結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞等于狀語從句，或表示條件，或表示時(shí)間。

a word, and he would lose his temper。

25.as...，so...結(jié)構(gòu)，這里的so的意思是in the same way(也是如此)。此結(jié)構(gòu)表明兩個(gè)概念在程度上和關(guān)系上相似。

as rust eats iron, so care eats the heart。

26.if any結(jié)構(gòu)，if any和if ever，意思是果真有......，即使有......，表示加強(qiáng)語氣。與此類似的還有：if anything(如有不同的話，如果稍有區(qū)別)，if a day(=at least，至少)。

there is little, if any, hope。

27.be it ever(never)so和let it be ever(never)so結(jié)構(gòu)，這里，be it中的be是古英語假設(shè)語氣的遺留形式，現(xiàn)代英語則使用let it be。ever so和never so都表示同一意思，都表示very。

be it ever so humble(let it be ever so humble)，home is home。

28.the last+不定式和the last +定語從詞結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的last意思是the least likely，用于否定性推論?？勺g為最不大可能的，最不合適的，由原意的最后一個(gè)......變成最不可能......的一個(gè)。

he is the last man to accept a bride。

29.so...that...句型，這個(gè)句型的意思是如此......，以致于......，但在翻譯成漢語時(shí)，許多情況下，并不是一定要譯成如此......以致于......，而是變通表達(dá)其含義。

he ran so fast that nobody could catch him up。

30.more + than+原級(jí)形容詞(副詞)結(jié)構(gòu)，這是將不同性質(zhì)加以比較，其中的more有rather的意思。

it is more than probable that he will fall。

第三篇：雅思寫作

翻開劍橋系列教材后面考官所給的范文評(píng)析，大家會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)考官的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一般都從如下四個(gè)方面展開：內(nèi)容(content)、組織結(jié)構(gòu)(organization)、詞匯(vocabulary)和句式(sentence structure)。同時(shí)，據(jù)筆者的長(zhǎng)期觀察，高分雅思作文無一例外地在這四方面有好的演繹才能獲得考官親睞?！昂玫淖魑拇蠖际窍嗨频?，而不幸的作文卻各有各的不幸?！毕旅?，筆者將從以上四方面一一闡述烤鴨們寫作時(shí)存在的盲點(diǎn)所在并提出相應(yīng)的建議。

一、內(nèi)容(content)：切中主題，自圓其說

盲點(diǎn)1：無話可說

這類考生在看到題目時(shí)，最初的感覺是腦袋中一片空白。雅思作文題材廣泛，包括科技、教育、健康、環(huán)保、犯罪、文化傳統(tǒng)、時(shí)尚、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、動(dòng)物保護(hù)等。而且由于文化差異以及學(xué)習(xí)工作的緣故，日常生活中考生極少接觸到這類話題，更不用說對(duì)它有什么想法了。

盲點(diǎn)1擊破：四多原則

多看范文；多關(guān)注時(shí)事，觀察生活；多與人交流；多記錄自己的想法。比較極端的做法是花三天三夜沉浸在范文書當(dāng)中，分領(lǐng)域熟悉雅思考題及其觀點(diǎn)。當(dāng)感覺自己腦袋中涌現(xiàn)出無數(shù)ideas時(shí)，關(guān)上書，寫出自己能夠想出來的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的觀點(diǎn)，如果某個(gè)領(lǐng) 域發(fā)生短路，翻開書重新閱讀，直至能夠?qū)懗鰜頌橹埂?/p>

盲點(diǎn)2：千言萬語

這類考生往往見多識(shí)廣，看到話題時(shí)感到倚馬千言?？墒怯捎谠~匯量和邏輯方面有所欠缺。往往面臨“滿腹的心里話不知怎么說”的尷尬。

盲點(diǎn)2擊破：詞以類記原則

此類考生要分領(lǐng)域積累雅思寫作詞匯，如在寫肥胖問題時(shí)，考生需要積累(obese, overweight, coronary heart disease, stroke, heredity, inheritance, junk food, carnivorous, excessive drinking and smoking, couch potato, diabetes, a balanced diet, vegetarian等。)

盲點(diǎn)3：標(biāo)新立異

這類考生認(rèn)為論點(diǎn)或論據(jù)越新穎越好，力求與眾不同。

盲點(diǎn)3擊破：自圓其說原則

雅思考試畢竟是語言能力測(cè)試，詞匯、語法和句式才是測(cè)試重點(diǎn)。況且，考官閱卷數(shù)載，見多識(shí)廣，你的觀點(diǎn)很有可能已經(jīng)無法構(gòu)成他的興奮點(diǎn)，所以我們講究論點(diǎn)論據(jù)

言之有理，能夠自圓其說即可。

盲點(diǎn)4：真情流露

這類考生和“千言萬語”型考生神似，唯一的不同便是他們英文表達(dá)暢通無阻，寫作時(shí)有“黃河之水，延綿不絕”之勢(shì)。但興奮之時(shí)，有些忘乎所以，與主題漸行漸遠(yuǎn)。

盲點(diǎn)4擊破：切中主題原則

這類考生必須建立自己的一套邏輯框架，并嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行。如在寫argumentation類題型時(shí)，全文四段：“第一段為背景介紹和提出論點(diǎn)段；第二段為己方觀點(diǎn)論證段；第三段為讓步段；第四段總結(jié)段。切忌任何與主題無關(guān)或相悖的雞肋出現(xiàn)。

二、組織結(jié)構(gòu)(organization)：起承轉(zhuǎn)合，行云流水

盲點(diǎn)1：天馬行空

這類考生和“千言萬語”型考生神似，寫作時(shí)缺乏自己的一套寫作框架。有時(shí)，盡管有全文框架，段落框架又缺失，通常表現(xiàn)為主體段內(nèi)部的分論點(diǎn)或分論據(jù)存在邏輯上的重復(fù)或沖突。

盲點(diǎn)1擊破：起承轉(zhuǎn)合原則

除了段落之間應(yīng)存在“第一段(起)為背景介紹和提出論點(diǎn)段；第二段(承)為己方觀點(diǎn)論證段；第三段(轉(zhuǎn))為讓步段；第四段(合)總結(jié)段?！钡倪壿嬁蚣苤猓温鋬?nèi)部每一句也需要有這樣的邏輯框架來約束，如讓步段中：“some people may argue that ?(起);because they maintain that ?。(承);However ,they are oversimplifying the situation, in fact ?.。(轉(zhuǎn));Therefore , I believe ?。(合)

盲點(diǎn)2：?jiǎn)尉溆坞x

這類烤鴨寫出來的句子與句子之間沒有連接詞，有時(shí)就算有，邏輯連詞也使用錯(cuò)誤?；蛘呤菢?biāo)點(diǎn)不注意。最常見使用錯(cuò)誤諸如on the other hand。它連接的是轉(zhuǎn)折，卻無數(shù)次被誤解成遞進(jìn)。

盲點(diǎn)2擊破：行云流水原則

考生應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確記憶并正確使用各種邏輯關(guān)系詞，力求做到行云流水，常見的邏輯連詞有：

因果關(guān)系：

因：As since due to owning to

果：hence thus therefore as a consequence as a result

表目的：thereby

舉例關(guān)系：Take for example, For instance, To illustrate, As an apt illustration ,對(duì)比關(guān)系：While ,whilst, whereas, by contrast。

讓步關(guān)系：despite ,in spite of , not with standing , nonetheless, even though,Provided that , if

三、詞匯(vocabulary)：同義改寫，百花齊放

盲點(diǎn)1 ： 遭遇生詞

大部分考生苦惱的地方莫過于此，寫作過程中無數(shù)次由于生詞的關(guān)系而短路。

盲點(diǎn)1擊破：同義改寫原則

其實(shí)考生對(duì)不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞完全可以paraphrase，如望子成龍，望女成鳳完全可以寫成：All parents expect their children to have a promising further。

注意：對(duì)于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的專有名詞我們鼓勵(lì)大家履行詞以類記原則，畢竟只有語言水平較高的烤鴨才可能做到用簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯解釋難詞。如有同學(xué)在解釋寄生蟲(parasite)在他筆下成了” something that is very tiny and lives on my skin and sucks my blood without doing any work”！這樣的paraphrase 只能讓考官啼笑皆非。

盲點(diǎn)2：同義重現(xiàn)

如在discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the internet時(shí)，有考生作文中曾出現(xiàn)了不下10次的advantages and disadvantages。這會(huì)讓考官出現(xiàn)極嚴(yán)重的審美疲勞，分?jǐn)?shù)自然不高。

盲點(diǎn)2擊破： 百花齊放原則

其實(shí)考生在平時(shí)的習(xí)作中應(yīng)注意近義詞、反義詞、衍生詞的積累，并不斷練習(xí)。如上面的advantages的同義詞為benefits gains merits pros等；disadvantages的同義詞有downsides ,weakness, drawbacks cons等。

盲點(diǎn)3：大詞連篇

很多考生認(rèn)為大詞生僻詞匯用得越多，得分就越高。

盲點(diǎn)3擊破：整體協(xié)調(diào)原則

看到劍橋系列教材大家會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，考官給出的范文大詞生詞寥寥可數(shù)，真正有說服力的是你用的詞能夠準(zhǔn)確無誤的表達(dá)你的思想。試想一個(gè)語法錯(cuò)誤連篇的考生盲目地使用各種生僻詞匯來堆砌文章，這無疑給考官造成一種“暴發(fā)戶”般的強(qiáng)烈視覺沖擊，最后只能適得其反。所以，用詞上我們講究與內(nèi)容以及句式結(jié)構(gòu)整體協(xié)調(diào)的原則。

三、句式(sentence structure)：長(zhǎng)短結(jié)合，錯(cuò)落有致

盲點(diǎn)1：長(zhǎng)篇累牘

和用詞上的大詞連篇一樣，部分考生以能使用各種復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句為榮。

盲點(diǎn)1擊破：長(zhǎng)短結(jié)合原則

事實(shí)上，如果大家有看劍橋后面的范文的話，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)難句并不象絕大多數(shù)同學(xué)想象得那般高深。通常的情況是長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合使用，而且論點(diǎn)通常用短句，而論據(jù)則長(zhǎng)句居多。

盲點(diǎn)2：短小精悍

和長(zhǎng)篇累牘型考生相反的是短小精悍型考生，為了保險(xiǎn)起見，這類考生作文中充滿了簡(jiǎn)單的is/am/are的主系表和主謂賓句型。

盲點(diǎn)2擊破：靈活多變?cè)瓌t

這類考生如果能稍稍變得aggressive一些，他們將是考場(chǎng)上最大的“黑馬”。如以Parents and teachers often link children’s score to their academic ability這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句為例，通過強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的包裝我們得到：

It is children’s score that parents and teachers often link to their academic ability rather than other qualifications。

通過倒裝句的包裝我們可以得到：

So important is children’s score that parents and teachers often link them to children’s academic ability。

通過插入語的包裝我們可以得到：

Scores , as is known to everyone ,are often linked to children’s academic ability by teachers and parents。

通過分詞短語的包裝我們可以得到：

Based on the conception that scores tells everything, parents and teachers often link children’s score to their academic ability。

???

通過如此靈活的加工和包裝，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，簡(jiǎn)單句經(jīng)過稍稍潤(rùn)色原來也可以如此光彩照人，這要比無數(shù)大詞生僻詞堆砌形成的長(zhǎng)難句更加贏得考官的青睞。

總之，掌握了如上原則，再加上持之以恒的練習(xí)，考生一定能在Task 2中獲得自己滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)。（編

第四篇：雅思寫作

雅思寫作范文

Many old building are protected by law because they are part of a nation's history.However，some people think knocked down to make way for new ones because people need houses and offices.How important is it to maintain old buildings？ Should history stand in the way of progress？Old buildings sometimes conflicts with social advancement.Appealing as it is in the eyes of business people，tearing down old architect to make room for real-estate development is not a wise idea in many ways.The primarily reason is that old buildings，like our native language，forms our cultural identity and keep a unique record the history of a country.From this aspect，old buildings are considered very valuable as one of the symbols of the culture of a nation.For instance，the traditional Chinese residence in Beijing，Siheyuan，are once seen as the remains of the Old World，and were destroyed by people shortly after the founding of People's Republic of China.Until recently did the people and policy makers as well realize that it is an inexcusable and stupid idea to commit such a terrible deed because old buildings，once gone，are not restorable.But their economic values and aesthetic appeals have just caught the attention of Chinese people.Moreover，old buildings，if planed and preserved properly，could coexist with modern real-estate development.In France，aged buildings bring millions of dollars of revenue for the government and amazed thousands of tourists.Yet no one thinks the high-rising office buildings and apartment buildings make the old architect a sore of the eye.By contrast，the new learn from the old，a fact that makes them more attractive.We admit that not all old buildings should be treated equally and some of them do need to be torn down for various reasons such as safety and new buildings.However，we should not be too blind to see their value too.If only the real and practical factors are being considered，the country will be sorry for its loss in years to come.As we have discussed，old buildings are part of a country's history and are valuable in many ways.We should plan well and be wise enough to see their value.But the same time，we should also do our best to find solutions to make the old and the new coexist in harmony.

第五篇：雅思寫作

很多人在準(zhǔn)備雅思考試的初期都會(huì)問幾乎相同的問題：“需要多大的詞匯量？”“應(yīng)該背哪本詞匯表？”就這些問題，北語雅思的看法如下：

雅思是個(gè)能力考試（a proficiency test），與人們所熟悉的 achievement test 不同。

所謂 achievement test，是指那些對(duì)學(xué)生所學(xué)過的知識(shí)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)的考試。如每學(xué)期的期 中、期末考試。一般來說，在這樣的考試前，學(xué)校都會(huì)安排復(fù)習(xí)，老師也許還會(huì)劃定復(fù)習(xí)范圍。這些考試都和教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的內(nèi)容和進(jìn)度等有關(guān)?？荚嚨膬?nèi)容一般不超出大綱規(guī)定的內(nèi)容。以英語為例，大綱規(guī)定了詞匯表，試題中如有超綱詞要注明中文定義。所以，每當(dāng)面臨一個(gè)新的考試時(shí)，考生會(huì)很自然地問：看哪幾本書？有沒有詞匯表？

一般來說，proficiency test 與教學(xué)進(jìn)度、內(nèi)容、教學(xué)大綱等無關(guān)，自然也與詞匯表無關(guān)。市面上有“雅思詞匯”

七、八本之多，均為出版社為了賺錢，雇人編寫的，沒有一本具有所謂“權(quán)威性”。稍好一些的有例句說明單詞的用法，差的只給出中文定義。如果想背詞匯，隨便買本“托福詞匯”、“

四、六級(jí)詞匯”、甚至某本英漢辭典，效果是一樣的。

其實(shí)，詞匯的最好學(xué)習(xí)方法是通過大量的閱讀來學(xué)習(xí)，而這種大量的閱讀正是雅思考試閱讀部分所側(cè)重的。備戰(zhàn)一個(gè) proficiency test 時(shí)，最好的準(zhǔn)備方法就是：考什么，準(zhǔn)備什么?？奸喿x，就通過閱讀準(zhǔn)備，而不是通過背詞匯表準(zhǔn)備。

常有考生問：考雅思需要多大的詞匯量？很多人把詞匯量看成是能力的標(biāo)志，這又回到 achievement test 和 achievement test 問題上。如果能從知識(shí)和能力的方面劃分考試的話，對(duì)詞匯量的測(cè)試是知識(shí)型的測(cè)試。有些考生可以得很高的知識(shí)分，但能力欠佳，即所謂“高分低能”。換言之，詞匯量不是能力標(biāo)志。從另一個(gè)角度看，詞匯量的統(tǒng)計(jì)也有問題。以下這些詞怎么算：

act, actor, actress, action, active, activity, react, reactive, reaction, counteract, interact, hyperactive 等等，這到底算幾個(gè)詞。

那么該用什么來判斷一個(gè)人是否達(dá)到了挑戰(zhàn)雅思的水平呢？很簡(jiǎn)單，做

一、兩套模擬題就可以了。拿體育作比喻，如果你想知道自己跑一百米需要多少秒，最好的辦法就是去跑。而不是分析自己的心臟情況、血壓、體重等。當(dāng)你知道自己“吃幾碗干飯”，再去做相應(yīng)的準(zhǔn)備，去有針對(duì)性地練爆發(fā)力、步幅、節(jié)奏等。

在作聽力和閱讀試題時(shí)，三分之一的正確率就是一個(gè)很好的起點(diǎn)。經(jīng)過一學(xué)期的脫產(chǎn)培訓(xùn)，在考試中獲得6段是有可能的。如果起始正確率能達(dá)到三分之二，也許不用參加培訓(xùn)，考自己多做幾套模擬試題，就可以獲得很好的成績(jī)。如果正確率在三分之一以下，那就不應(yīng)該上雅思培訓(xùn)班，而應(yīng)該上一個(gè)不和任何考試掛

鉤的培訓(xùn)班。這樣的班更好地解決打基礎(chǔ)、提高能力的問題，因?yàn)榇蟛糠盅潘寂嘤?xùn)班都花很多達(dá)到時(shí)間琢磨應(yīng)試技巧，而顧及不到能力的提高。

如何自測(cè)口語和寫作呢？看一看雅思口語和寫作的題目，你自己離議論這些題目還差多遠(yuǎn)？要想在口語和寫作考試中獲得有意義的分?jǐn)?shù)（6段），應(yīng)該能達(dá)到“侃”的水平。如論述“大城市面臨的交通問題的原因、現(xiàn)狀、出路”；“在教育孩子的過程中?懲罰?的作用”；“很多人感到越來越忙，沒有閑暇時(shí)間，原因是什么，應(yīng)該怎么辦？”。這幾個(gè)題目是去出現(xiàn)過的雅思作文真題（task 2）?？谡Z題的難度也相差無幾，如“論教育對(duì)一個(gè)民族的重要性”。

之二

雅思考試與我們所熟悉的許多考試的區(qū)別之一是，雅思沒有語法和詞匯題。于是有人認(rèn)為不懂語法、不認(rèn)識(shí)幾個(gè)單詞也可以考雅思?？歼^之后才感嘆，難！于是趕緊四處打聽“有多大的詞匯量才能挑戰(zhàn)雅思”。

中國(guó)學(xué)生的習(xí)慣是，所有的考試都可以通過“準(zhǔn)備”來通過的。

北語雅思想說的是，proficiency tests 是不能“準(zhǔn)備”的，至少是不能以“期末復(fù)習(xí)、考試”那種形式來準(zhǔn)備，更不能靠達(dá)到“五千”或是“八千”詞匯來準(zhǔn)備的。北語雅思的所有教師都考過雅思，有的了兩次、三次，可是誰也不知道自己有多大的詞匯量。什么人關(guān)注“自己”的詞匯量呢？英語學(xué)習(xí)還不入門的學(xué)生，英語教學(xué)還是新手的教師。

還是那句話，考什么，你就應(yīng)該能夠做什么。比如，留學(xué)類的閱讀的三篇文章都出自原文報(bào)刊，如“New Scientist”，那么考生就應(yīng)該去看和這類雜志在難度、長(zhǎng)度、題材有可比性的文章，通過閱讀來學(xué)習(xí)詞匯，而不是去背詞匯表。讀懂這樣的文章靠什么？語法、詞匯、背景知識(shí)等等，但這些都是次要的，主要的、乃至最重要的是：靠日積月累達(dá)到的量。

讀有難度、長(zhǎng)度的文章比背詞匯表痛苦的多。背詞匯表可以讓人有“feel

good”、“我沒閑著”的感覺，因?yàn)榭梢酝ㄟ^“量化”來衡量自己的投入與產(chǎn)出。所以，背詞匯表的人多，腳踏實(shí)地、靠閱讀量來學(xué)習(xí)的人少。

聽聽womo于2003-3-17在51ielts.com上怎么說的：“環(huán)球說得6000-7000，不過我現(xiàn)在手里有三本雅思單詞書，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不僅說雅思該有的單詞量不同，就連選錄的單詞也差很遠(yuǎn)，背完新東方再看環(huán)球的，一堆不會(huì)。背完環(huán)球再看楊凡的，一堆不會(huì)”。

把那些“詞匯手冊(cè)”之類的東西都扔了吧。去讀、去聽?。?！

之三

淺談雅思詞匯

這個(gè)問題往往是各位準(zhǔn)備考雅思的朋友們非常關(guān)心的，說起來也很正常。詞匯量本身就是衡量英語水平和考試難度的一個(gè)尺度，尤其在雅思考試形式比較特殊，沒有考試大綱的情況下，對(duì)詞匯來年量的需求自然倍受關(guān)注。很多朋友張口就問，考雅思要不要背單詞？背什么單詞書？也有很多朋友給我發(fā)郵件來詢問這個(gè)問題。很久沒有寫關(guān)于英語學(xué)習(xí)的東西了，最近采訪了不少剛考完雅思的同學(xué)們，今天正好借這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)和大家討論一下。

首先要說明一點(diǎn)，本文里面的觀點(diǎn)都是針對(duì)起點(diǎn)為詞匯量在1，500-2，000的基礎(chǔ)不是太好的朋友們。換句話說，如果你的起點(diǎn)更低，連最基本的1，500詞匯都沒有的話，那么我個(gè)人認(rèn)為你是必須要背單詞的，沒有多少商量的余地。

那么，具備了1，500-2，000的詞匯量，到底要不要背單詞呢？應(yīng)該背什么單詞呢？下面我就結(jié)合雅思考試的特點(diǎn)，分項(xiàng)展開說明。

首先來看看對(duì)詞匯要求最簡(jiǎn)單的口語。有關(guān)學(xué)好口語需要多少詞匯量的問題幾乎已經(jīng)被討論爛了，比較公認(rèn)的結(jié)論應(yīng)該是500-800日常詞匯足矣。換句話說，如果你具備1，000以上的詞匯，但口語仍然不好，那請(qǐng)一定不要把原因歸結(jié)為詞匯量不夠，也請(qǐng)一定不要把解決辦法定位于背單詞。其實(shí)，除去因?yàn)槿狈毩?xí)造成的表達(dá)不夠流利之外，口語不好的主要問題在于對(duì)一些小詞掌握的不夠到位。比如get，take，make這樣的動(dòng)詞，搭配上不同的介詞，幾乎可以表達(dá)所有的日常動(dòng)作。因此，當(dāng)你覺得你有意思表達(dá)不出來時(shí)，先不慌查字典找單詞，而應(yīng)該問問自己，你是不是可以用已經(jīng)學(xué)過的很簡(jiǎn)單的單詞和詞組來表達(dá)這個(gè)意思？所以說，為了提高口語，是沒有必要專門背單詞的，相反，應(yīng)該把所知道的簡(jiǎn)單詞匯學(xué)好，學(xué)精。你知道see是看見，是否知道see off是告別？你知道large是大，又知道at large表示逃亡在外么？再次向口語不好的朋友們推薦《學(xué)好17個(gè)動(dòng)詞走遍天下》，以后千萬別動(dòng)不動(dòng)就拿起詞匯書來背了。

接下來我們看看寫作。雅思考試作文的批改方式比較特殊，是analytical scoring，而不是象TOEFL采取的global scoring。什么叫g(shù)lobal scoring呢？其實(shí)它比較象我們中學(xué)時(shí)的作文評(píng)分方式，就是一眼看上去大概是什么水平，屬于哪個(gè)檔次，就給多少分。那么analytical scoring又是怎么回事呢？我們翻譯過來叫做“分項(xiàng)評(píng)分”。雅思作文評(píng)分有三項(xiàng)：內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)，連貫銜接，語言質(zhì)量。每一項(xiàng)分別評(píng)分，要注意，在給每一項(xiàng)評(píng)分時(shí)是不受其他兩項(xiàng)影響的。也就是說，哪怕你的文章離題萬里，只要文字優(yōu)美，那么語言那一項(xiàng)也是有可能打8分的。三項(xiàng)加起來除以三，就是一篇作文的最終得分。那么這種分項(xiàng)評(píng)分到底有什么好處呢？顯然是有的，因?yàn)橛⒄Z作為外語，普遍中國(guó)學(xué)生寫作文時(shí)語言水平有限，因此如果把握好文章的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)，在連貫方面處理得好，完全可以將最終分?jǐn)?shù)提上去。而把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，做好連貫銜接，顯然與詞匯量的大小絲毫扯不上關(guān)系吧？退一步講，如果要提高寫作的語言質(zhì)量，也幾乎不取決于詞匯量大小。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，我在《關(guān)于寫作的一點(diǎn)個(gè)人體會(huì)》中詳細(xì)闡述，這里不再?gòu)U話。

說起聽力，我又要提起我反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的一個(gè)概念：聽力詞匯量。聽力詞匯量區(qū)別于閱讀詞匯量，簡(jiǎn)單地說，就是不看拼寫，僅從發(fā)音判斷就能確定認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，才屬于你的聽力詞匯量。對(duì)于聽力水平普遍不高的中國(guó)考生，可能聽力詞匯量還不到閱讀詞匯量的一半。而雅思聽力考試顯然要求的是更多的聽力詞匯量，而不是

閱讀詞匯。從這一點(diǎn)出發(fā)，整天抱著詞匯書死背，往紙上反復(fù)抄寫，對(duì)提高聽力詞匯量有百害而無一益。其次，雅思聽力作為考察英語國(guó)家生存能力的測(cè)試，對(duì)日常用語考得非常頻繁。雅思聽力的特色題目就是填空，簡(jiǎn)答這樣需要?jiǎng)邮痔顚憜卧~的題目。而需要填寫的單詞往往是日常用詞。比如有一次考過jackfruit（菠蘿蜜），還考過pomelo（釉子），這樣的詞生活中很常用，可是好象哪本單詞書中都不會(huì)收錄吧？那么，整日抱著單詞書背，意義究竟何在？

最后我們來討論存在爭(zhēng)議最大的閱讀問題。

雅思考試的閱讀文章往往是從報(bào)刊雜志上摘下來的，這樣就造成大量的專有名詞，以及一些不常用的詞匯。這樣造成了考生在考試時(shí)遇到大量不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，因此帶來的結(jié)果就是，很多人馬上將自己無法答對(duì)題的原因歸結(jié)為不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞，將解決辦法歸納為背單詞。于是背了劉毅的5000和10000，三個(gè)月后滿懷信心走入考場(chǎng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞比上次還多！很多培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)也很不負(fù)責(zé)地拿有些考生的成績(jī)來做虛假宣傳，說某某詞匯量多少，于是閱讀多少分耳耳，好象他的成績(jī)就歸功于他詞匯量一樣。那么，問題究竟出在什么地方？

要了解這一點(diǎn)，首先有必要了解一下雅思閱讀的出題原則和思路。雅思閱讀是考察從文章中獲得有效信息的能力，因此充滿生詞是必然的，問題在于你能否從中讀出對(duì)你有用的信息。我可以完全負(fù)責(zé)任的說，雅思閱讀從來不出從上下文推斷詞義的題目，換句話說，雅思閱讀中根本就沒有考察詞匯量的題?。?/p>

象summary，short anwser question這樣的題目，只需要你從原文中尋找特定的信息，哪怕它是個(gè)專有名詞，你不認(rèn)識(shí)，沒關(guān)系，找出來填進(jìn)去就是了。對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來說，最難的題當(dāng)屬T/F/NG，這種題怎么考呢？比如，文中講Tom is taller than Mary。題目中說Tom is as tall as Mary。那么顯然，這道題為FALSE。有人說這太簡(jiǎn)單了，雅思不會(huì)考這么簡(jiǎn)單的，其實(shí)這說明你沒有意識(shí)到T/F/NG題的精髓所在罷了。對(duì)于雅思考試來說，無非就是把TOM，MARY這樣的詞換成誰都不認(rèn)識(shí)的專有名詞來嚇唬人而已，因?yàn)門/F/NG題根本就不考你的詞匯量，它考的是你對(duì)句意的把握。而能否正確把握句意，取決于你的語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力，與詞匯量無關(guān)。下面舉個(gè)真實(shí)考試的例子大家就明白了。

文中說&& is a poor predictor,%% is little better than &&.題目說%% is a good predictor.（&&和%%表示兩個(gè)難詞）。好，這個(gè)題答案是什么呢？是FALSE。為什么呢？很顯而易見，這里的專有名詞我都沒寫出來，認(rèn)不認(rèn)識(shí)肯定對(duì)答題不影響，這里題目考察的是對(duì)little better than這個(gè)語法結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，你必須知道這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，才能正確把握句子的意思。那么什么人需要背單詞呢？那就是連

poor，little這樣的詞都不認(rèn)識(shí)的人才需要背，也就是我開頭說的那些基礎(chǔ)實(shí)在太差，詞匯量可能只有三位數(shù)的人。而對(duì)于很多詞匯量并不小的人，由于不認(rèn)識(shí)little better than這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，照樣無法做對(duì)題目。

舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子，無非是想告訴大家，要看清閱讀考試的實(shí)質(zhì)，千萬不要輕易將做錯(cuò)題的原因歸結(jié)為詞匯不夠。其實(shí)造成閱讀能力有限的原因是多方面的，主要是閱讀速度和對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析能力。前者必須通過廣泛的閱讀來鍛煉和提高，而后者，說到底是一個(gè)英語基本功是否扎實(shí)的問題，冰凍三尺非一日之寒，解決語法問題是慢工夫，并不是背背單詞就可以提高英語水平的。

說到這里，很多朋友可能會(huì)這樣問，你寫這個(gè)是不是就是要大家把手里的單詞書全都扔掉？非也。對(duì)于很多已經(jīng)工作的朋友，或者長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不接觸英語的朋友，找一本合適自己的詞匯書看看，是盡快恢復(fù)的最好辦法之一。背單詞的關(guān)鍵在精不在多，對(duì)于一個(gè)單詞，并不是看到它知道中文意思就足夠的，如果讓你造個(gè)句子你會(huì)不會(huì)用？如果在收音機(jī)里聽到它你能不能分辨出來？這都是衡量對(duì)詞匯的掌握程度。因此，反復(fù)復(fù)習(xí)，反復(fù)再實(shí)踐中運(yùn)用剛學(xué)到的單詞，才是背單詞的正道。

本人是機(jī)械背單詞的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)者，因此從不推薦詞匯參考書。如果非要說起來的話，找一本用法詳細(xì)，注解豐富（最好有英文注解）的四級(jí)詞匯書，足矣 ：）

PS：這里我想談?wù)労芏嗨^《雅思詞匯》這樣的書。鄭重其事告訴大家，這種書絕大多數(shù)都是不科學(xué)的。首先，雅思考試沒有明確大綱，只要在英語中出現(xiàn)的詞匯，都有出現(xiàn)在卷子上的可能，并沒有規(guī)定哪些詞匯才是所謂“雅思詞匯”。很多編者宣稱他的書是經(jīng)過多少多少次對(duì)真題的統(tǒng)計(jì)得出的結(jié)論而搞出來的詞頻，大家千萬不要輕易上當(dāng)。首先，雅思真題保密工作很好，真題不可能在考場(chǎng)外泄露，而考生離開考場(chǎng)是不準(zhǔn)帶出一張紙。那么這些所謂的“統(tǒng)計(jì)者”，從哪里搞來那么多的真題作為統(tǒng)計(jì)材料？用腦子把卷子一字不差背下來？呵呵。其次，由于雅思考試的特殊性，每次考題與上次幾乎沒有關(guān)系，也就是說，一次考題中出現(xiàn)什么單詞，與它上次出現(xiàn)與否，下次還會(huì)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)，是完全沒有規(guī)律可循的。做這種統(tǒng)計(jì)本身就是無意義的。希望廣大鴨友們?cè)谶x取參考書的時(shí)候一定要睜大眼睛，千萬不要被*商蒙蔽。