第一篇：英美文學(xué)名詞解釋 浪漫主義 湖畔派詩(shī)人 十四行詩(shī) 拜倫式英雄 無韻詩(shī)

1.Romanticism浪漫主義

1)a movement in literature, philosophy, music and art from late 18th century to early th19 century in Europe.2)emphasized individual values(個(gè)人價(jià)值）and aspirations（志向，抱負(fù)）above those of society.3)started from the ideas of Rousseau（盧梭）in France and from the Storm and Stress movement(“狂飆突進(jìn)”文學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng))in Germany.4)the characteristics of Romanticism（浪漫主義文學(xué)特色）:Passion / emotion ,Individualism 5)Representative writers(代表作家）: France:Hugo, Lamartine, George Sand Germany: Geothe, Schiller Russia:Pushkin, Lemontove America(30 years later): Irving, Cooper, Emerson, Thoreau 2.Lake Poets湖畔派詩(shī)人

Wordsworth，Coleridge and Southey were known as Lake Poets because they lived and knew one another in the last few years of the 18th century in the district of the great lakes in Northwestern England.The former two published The Lyrical Ballads(抒情詩(shī)謠)together in 1798, while all three of them had radical inclinations(主要的喜愛，傾向）in their youth but later turned conservative（保守的）and received pensions（退休金）and poet laureateships（桂冠詩(shī)人）from the aristocracy(貴族，統(tǒng)治階級(jí)）.3.Sonnet十四行詩(shī)

1)A sonnet is a 14 line poem that follows a very specific rhyme scheme(特殊的韻律組合）.2)Sonnets are traditionally love poems.3)There are two different types of sonnets:-Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet(意大利詩(shī)人彼特拉克推廣的彼特拉克十四行詩(shī)）: Named after Francesco Petrarch, an Italian poet from the 14th century –English or Shakespearean Sonnet: Created by Henry Howard in the 16th century 4.Ballad meter民謠詩(shī)歌音節(jié)

Ballad meter is a type of poetry that uses alternating(交替的，輪流的）lines of iambic（抑揚(yáng)格的）tetrameter（四音部詩(shī))and iambic trimeter(三音格，三音步）, with a rhyme scheme of A-B-C-B.5.Byronic hero拜倫式英雄

1）The Byronic hero is an idealized（理想化的）but flawed(有缺陷的）character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron, characterized by his ex-lover Lady Caroline Lamb as being “mad, bad, and dangerous to know”.[1] The Byronic hero first appears in Byron's semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage(1812-18).2）Characteristics The Byronic hero typically exhibits the following characteristics: high level of intelligence and perception，cunning and able to adapt，sophisticated and educated self-critical and introspective，mysterious, magnetic and charismatic，struggling with integrity，power of seduction and sexual attraction，social and sexual dominance，emotional conflicts, bipolar tendencies, or moodiness，a distaste for social institutions and norms，being an exile, an outcast, or an outlaw，“dark” attributes not normally associated with a hero[citation needed]，disrespect of rank and privilege，a troubled past，cynicism，arrogance，self-destructive behavior 6.Blank verse 無韻詩(shī)

is poetry written in unrhymed（無韻律的）iambic pentameter(五音部詩(shī)行）.It has been described as “probably the most common and influential form that English poetry has taken since the sixteenth century”and Paul Fussell has claimed that “about three-quarters of all English poetry is in blank verse.”The preeminent(卓越的）dramatic（戲劇的）and narrative（記敘的）verse form in English and also the standard form for dramatic verse in Italian and German.Its richness and versatility（多面性）depend on the skill of the poet in varying the stresses and the position of the caesura(pause停頓)in each line, in catching the shifting tonal（音調(diào)的）qualities and emotional overtones（弦外之音）of the language, and in arranging lines into thought groups and paragraphs

The first documented use of blank verse in the English language was by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey in his translation of the ?neid(c.1554).He was possibly inspired by the Latin original, as classical Latin verse(as well as Greek verse)did not use rhyme;or he may have been inspired by the Italian verse form of Versi Sciolti , which also contained no rhyme.The play, Arden of Faversham(circa大約 1590 by an unknown author)is a notable（顯著的）example of end-stopped blank verse.Christopher Marlowe was the first English author to make full use of the potential of blank verse, and also established it as the dominant verse form for English drama in the age of Elizabeth I and James I.The major achievements in English blank verse were made by William Shakespeare, who wrote much of the content of his plays in unrhymed iambic pentameter, and Milton, whose Paradise Lost is written in blank verse.Miltonic blank verse was widely imitated in the 18th century by such poets as James Thomson(in The Seasons)and William Cowper(in The Task).Romantic English poets such as William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats used blank verse as a major form.Shortly afterwards, Alfred Lord Tennyson became particularly devoted to blank verse, using it for example in his long narrative poem “The Princess”, as well as for one of his most famous poems: “Ulysses”.Among American poets, Hart Crane and Wallace Stevens are notable for using blank verse in extended compositions at a time when many other poets were turning to free verse.