第一篇：初中英語語法總結(jié)(六)--介詞

介詞

一些容易混淆的介詞

1．表示時間的at、on、in的用法區(qū)別 at主要表示：

(1)在某具體時刻之前，如at seven o’ clock，at 7：30。

(2)在固定短語中，如：at noon，at night，at that time，at the age of at the weekend，at Christmas。

On用來表示“在??天”，如：On Monday，On May lst，On Children’s Day。in用來表示：

(1)在某年、某月、某季節(jié)。

(2)在—段時間之后，如：in two hours，in a few days。

注意：在純粹地表示在上午／下午／晚上時，用in the morning／afternoon／evening，但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介詞on。如：on Monday morning，on the morning of Children’ s Day。

2.表示地點的at，in，on的用法區(qū)別(1)at通常指小地方，in一般指大地方。(2)at 所指范圍不太明確，in指“在??里”。(3)in指在內(nèi)部，on指“在??之上”。

3．表示“一段時間”的for與since的用法區(qū)別

for后面接時間段，since之后接時間點。4．表示時間的before與by的用法區(qū)別

before與by都可表示“在??之前”，但by含有“不遲于??”、“到??為止”的意思。如果by后是將來的時間，則與將來時連用，若by后是過去的時間，則與過去完成時連用。

5．over與above(under與below)over，above都表示“在??的上面”，over表示“正上方”，而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above還可表示溫度、水位等“高于”，over還可表示“越過??”。over的反義詞是under，above的反義詞是below．例如：

There is a bridge over the river Our plane flew above the clouds．

6．表示“用”的with，by，in的用法

with多指用工具，用身體的部位或器官；by表示使用的方法、手段；in指使用某種語言。如：

We see with our eyes.We go there by bike.Please say it out in English.He cut it open with a knife.介詞的省略

表示時間介詞at, on, in 的省略

(1)在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等詞前,一般不用 at, in, on.(2)在某些名詞詞組前,可以省略(也可不省)如:(on)that day,(in)the year before last 常見搭配

1．動詞+介詞，如：

listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about...2．形容詞+介詞，如：

afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from...3．名詞+介詞 / 介詞+名詞

key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...例1] 用正確的介詞填空。

1）The little girl is looking________ her mother.2）Thank you ________ your help.3）Don't read ________ bed.4）Tom comes ________ the USA.第1小題要填for，因為look for是一個固定詞組，表示尋找的行為。第 2小題填 for，既可說 Thanks for?也可以說 Thank you for?，for后接名詞。第3小題填 in。表示“在床上”in bed，一般不說 on bed。第 4小題come from一個固定短語，意思相當于be from，表示“來自?”。

[例2] China lies_______ the east of Asia and ______ the east of Japan.A.in;on B.to;to C.to;in D.in;to

解析 表示方位的介詞in, on, to意義各不相同。在范圍內(nèi)的地方用in。China屬于Asia范圍內(nèi)，故先用in；不在范圍內(nèi)的地方用to，若兩地相連，則要用介詞on, China和Japan不屬同一范圍且有海相隔，故選擇to。因此答案為D

一．考點透視 知識與能力要求 重難點問題歸納 中考熱點分析預(yù)測 應(yīng)試策略 二．知識講解

名詞

代詞

冠詞 數(shù)詞

形容詞、副詞

介詞 三．典型例題

四．強化訓(xùn)練及答案 一．考點透視

【知識與能力要求】

1．掌握所學(xué)單詞的形態(tài)變化。

2．掌握簡單句的五種基本句型，四筆頭練習(xí)基本正確。3．能理解不復(fù)雜的、含有狀語從句或賓語從句的復(fù)合句。

4．掌握動詞的五種基本時態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時）的基本用法。

5．能理解并初步掌握過去進行時、過去完成時和過去將來時的基本用法。6．掌握一般現(xiàn)在時（包括含有情態(tài)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時）、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的基本用法。7．掌握動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語和狀語的用法（作主語和定語的用法只要求理解）?！局仉y點問題歸納】

語法知識是在掌握一定量的單詞和短語的基礎(chǔ)上才能獲得的。因此，單詞的形態(tài)變化和簡單句的五種基本句型是語法學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)之基礎(chǔ)。五種基本時態(tài)和含有不復(fù)雜的狀語從句及賓語從句的復(fù)合句是初中畢業(yè)班學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的重點也是語法學(xué)習(xí)的難點。五種基本時態(tài)中的一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法及其區(qū)別是學(xué)習(xí)的難點。狀語從句中的時態(tài)問題，賓語從句中的主語和謂語的語序問題是學(xué)生感到頭痛的問題。被動語態(tài)是中國學(xué)生最不喜歡學(xué)習(xí)和使用的一種語態(tài)。因此，學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時，時常感覺到很困難。動詞不定式是初中英語語法中的一個重點。不定式在句中作賓語、賓語補足語和狀語等用法均要求掌握，特別是一些動詞，有些后面要求跟不定式作賓語，有些則要求跟動詞一ing形式作賓語?？傊Z法部分是英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點和難點。語法知識掌握得好，將大大加快英語學(xué)習(xí)的進程。【中考熱點分析預(yù)測】

語法部分歷年來是中考的必考內(nèi)容?？荚嚨姆秶鷱V，涉及單詞詞形變化、基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)、五種基本時態(tài)搬動語態(tài)、不定式用法以及狀語從句、賓語從句，等等。近年來，在教學(xué)改革方面加大了對聽說教學(xué)的力度，初中段以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的交際能力為主，為高中段的英語學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ)，對語法知識的要求作了調(diào)整，降低了難度，但考查的范圍并沒有減小。單純考語法知識的題比以前明顯減少。試題往往設(shè)置一個情景，在對話中考查時態(tài)及基本句型。當然，有些語法項目設(shè)置在單句中，如：不定式、被動語態(tài)以及詞語搭配。

語言學(xué)習(xí)是一個積累的過程，不記住相當數(shù)量的詞語、習(xí)慣用語。句型和語法規(guī)則，是學(xué)不好英語的。因此，對詞形變換、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、狀語從句中的時態(tài)以及常用的五種基本時態(tài)的考查仍將是中考命題的熱點?！緫?yīng)試策略】

動詞及其時態(tài)是英語學(xué)習(xí)最重要的部分，也是學(xué)習(xí)的難點。被動語態(tài)也是學(xué)習(xí)的難點。賓語從句和狀語從句是復(fù)合句中最重要、最常用的結(jié)構(gòu)，是初中畢業(yè)生必須掌握的從句。注意現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時及現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法以及句中的副詞（包括時間副詞）的用法，尤其要注意過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別。賓語從句要注意從句結(jié)構(gòu)的語序（連接詞+從句的主語+從句的謂語+??）問題和時態(tài)問題（主句是過去時，從句必須用過去時的某種形式）；狀語從句要注意在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時態(tài)。動詞、時態(tài)與語態(tài)與從句一定要在大量課文和對話的句子中反復(fù)操練，才能真正學(xué)會。只要你在復(fù)習(xí)和應(yīng)試中注意以上幾點，考試就一定能取得好成績。二．知識講解 【名詞】

1．名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)

可數(shù)名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數(shù)來計量，它有單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。不可數(shù)名詞指所表示的事物不能用數(shù)來計量。物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目，來統(tǒng)計，都成為不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞前一般不能用冠詞a、an來表示數(shù)量，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。要表示“一個??”這一概念，就須加a piece of這一類短語。要注意許多名詞在漢語里看來是可數(shù)名詞，在英語里卻不可數(shù)。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。2．名詞的復(fù)數(shù)（1）規(guī)則變化

A．一般情況下加-s。

B．以s, x, ch, sh, 結(jié)尾的加-es。

如：bus---buses，box---boxes，watch---watches，brush---brushes C．以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i再加-es。如：city---cities，country---countries D．以f，fe結(jié)尾的，去掉f或fe，變成v再加-es。（2）不規(guī)則變化 A．元音發(fā)生變化。如：man---men，woman---women，foot---feet，tooth---teeth，mouse---mice B．詞尾發(fā)生變化。如：child---children C．單、復(fù)數(shù)同形。

如：fish---fish，Japanese---Japanese，Chinese---Chinese，sheep---sheep 3．物質(zhì)名詞（不可數(shù)名詞）量的表示方法（1）用much，a little，a lot of等表示（2）用容器表示 a bowl of rice，a glass of water，a cup of tea，a piece of，orange，two glasses of milk，two pieces of paper 4．名詞的所有格

(1)名詞所有格的構(gòu)成法

A．單數(shù)名詞詞尾加’ s，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾若沒有s，也要加’ s。the worker's bike，the Children’ s ball

B．表示幾個人共有一樣?xùn)|西，只需在最后一個人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，則需在各個名字后’ s。如：

This is Lucy and Licy’ s room．

These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms．

C.如果是通過在詞尾加—s構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，只加’。如: the students’ books，the girls’ blouses(2)名詞+of+名詞名詞是有生命的，我們就用’s結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。如果名詞所表示的事物是無生命的，我們就要用名詞+of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系.如: the legs of the desk，the door of the room 但在表示名詞所有格時，’ s結(jié)構(gòu)也?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成of結(jié)構(gòu)。有些表示時間,距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞，也可以加’s來構(gòu)成所有格.如: ten minutes' walk，today's newspaper 【代詞】

人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞 類別

主格賓格形容詞性 物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單數(shù)I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱單數(shù) he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs themselves 1．人稱代詞

人稱代詞it的特殊用法：一般it指“它”，但在表示天氣、時間、距離等時，用it來代替，此時的it并不譯為“它”。

當三個人稱代詞(單數(shù))同時出現(xiàn)時，其先后順序為you，he，I。而復(fù)數(shù)一般采用we，you，they順序。

2．物主代詞

物主代詞的用法：

形容詞性物主代詞后面一定要跟上一個名詞。

名詞性物主代詞可作主語、表語、賓語。3．反身代詞 1)反身代詞的構(gòu)成分兩種：第一、二人稱反身代詞在形容詞：性物主代詞后加上self或selves，第三人稱的反身代詞在賓格代詞后加上self或selves．

2)反身代詞的用法：一種是作賓語，由主語發(fā)出的動作又回到動作者本身。

如：I enjoyed myself at the party．另一種是作名詞或代詞的同位語；用來加強語氣。如：I can do it myself．

3)初中階段由反身代詞構(gòu)成的常用詞組有：enjoy oneself，help oneself to，learn by oneself，teach oneself，(all)by oneself，leave...by oneself，lose oneself in等，在運用反身代詞時，應(yīng)注意它在數(shù)、性別上與哪一個保持一致。試比較： “Help yourselves to some fish，Tom and Mike．”與I can’t leave the girl by herself． 指示代詞

指示代詞的特殊用法：

(1)為了避免重復(fù)，可用that，those代替前面提到過的名詞，但是this，these不可以。(2)this，that有時可代替句子或句子中的一部分。

不定代詞

主要不定代詞的用法：(1)one的用法

A.one作為代詞可以指人，也可以指物。

B.one，ones(one的復(fù)數(shù)形式)可用來代替前面出現(xiàn)過的少數(shù)名詞，以避免重復(fù)。C.one的前面可用this，that，the，which等詞來修飾。D.常有a+形容詞+one這一形式。

it和one的用法區(qū)別：it用來指特定的東西，而one則用于替代不特定的東西。(2)some和any的用法區(qū)別

A.some，any可與單、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句，疑問句和條件句中。

B.some，any與—thing，—body，—one構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法與some，any一樣。

C.在疑問句中，一般不用some，只有當問句表示一種邀請或者請求，或期待一個肯定的回答時才能用some。

D.some在否定句中表示半否定，any表示全否定。

E．some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示“某個”而不是“一些”。(3)other，another的用法 數(shù)

種類單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)泛指another=an otherother(boys)others特指the otherthe other(boys)the others功能作主語、賓語、定語作定語作主語、賓語 A.another＝another“另一個”，泛指眾多者中的另一個，在原有基礎(chǔ)上自然增加的另一個。一般后面接單數(shù)名詞，前面不能加定冠詞。有時another可以用在復(fù)數(shù)名詞前表示“又”“再”，如：

I want to have another two cakes．我想再吃兩個蛋糕。

B．the other表示兩個中的另一個，常與one連用。常見形式是“one．．．the other．．．”。

C.other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞＝others

D.the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞＝the others(4)a11、both的用法 both表示“兩者都??”，而a11表示“三個或三個以上的人或物都??”。a11、both在句中放在be動詞，情態(tài)動詞及助動詞之后，放在實義動詞之前。(5)each和every的用法 A.each用來指兩個或兩個以上的人或物中的一個。every則指兩個以上的人或物中的一個。B.從含義和語法功能上看，each是“單個”的意思，側(cè)重個體，在句中可作主語、同位語、定語和賓語。而every是“每一個”之意，側(cè)重全體、整體、共性。在句中只能作定語，也就是說它后面必須跟著名詞。而由every構(gòu)成的合成詞后面絕不能跟名詞。(6)either，neither，both的用法

either：指兩者中的任意一個。作主語謂語用單數(shù)。neither：指兩者都不，全否定。作主語謂語用單數(shù)。

both：指兩者都。作主語謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

(7)many和much many只能和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。much只能和不可數(shù)名詞連用。注意：

a lot of／lots of / plenty of＝much／many a large／great number of＝many a great／good deal of＝much(8)few，a few，little，a little few，little表示否定含義，“很少”“幾乎沒有”；a few，a little表示肯定含義，有一些”。few，a few用在可數(shù)名詞前，little，a little用在不可數(shù)名詞前。【冠詞】

1.不定冠詞an用在元音讀音開頭(不是指元音字母)的詞前，其余用不定冠詞a.2．定冠詞的基本用法

A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。

B.指談話雙方都知道的人或事物前面。

C用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示某一類人或事物。3．定冠詞的特殊用法

A.用在世界上獨一無二的事物或方位名詞前。

B.用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級及only所修飾的名詞前。C用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱前面。

D.用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞所構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。

E.用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前面，表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人。F．用在樂器名稱前。

G.和某些形容詞連用，表示某一類人或事物。4．名詞前不用冠詞的情況

A.在專有名詞(包括人名、地名、節(jié)日、月份、季節(jié))、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前—般不用冠詞。但在以Festival組成的民間節(jié)日前要加the。B.表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。

C.名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時，不用冠詞。

D.三餐飯、球類、棋類、游戲名稱前一般不用冠詞。正在有些詞組中，有無冠詞含義不同。(sit)at table就餐;sit at the table坐在桌邊

go to school去上學(xué)；go to the school去那所學(xué)校；in hospital住院；in the hospital在那個醫(yī)院里 【數(shù)詞】

1．數(shù)字的表示

三位數(shù)數(shù)詞要在百位和十位（若無十位則和個位）之間加and。1，000以上的數(shù)字，從后向前第三位數(shù)加一個“，”，第一個“，”前為thousand，第二個“，”前為million，第三個“，”前為billion。

2．序數(shù)詞除了first，second，third外，其余都在基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成。

3．分數(shù)分子在前，分母在后，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，當分子大于1小時，分母序數(shù)詞要變成復(fù)數(shù)。

4．Hundreds（thousands，millions）of??用法。【形容詞，副詞】 形容詞

1.形容詞的位置

(1)形容詞作定語一般要放在名詞前面，但當形容詞修飾不定代詞something，nothing，anything時要放在所修飾的不定代詞之后。如：something important，nothing serious。(2)當形容詞帶有表示度量的詞或詞組作定語或表語時，定語或表語要后置。如： We have dug a hole two meters deep． The hole is about two metres deep． 2．形容詞的比較等級

(1)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加—(e)r，—(e)st來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。如： popular———more popular———most popular important—more important—most important(2)不規(guī)則變化

原級 比較級 最高級 good better best well bad worse worst ill old older oldest elder eldest many more most much little less least far farther farthest further furthest

3.形容詞比較級的用法

形容詞比較級通?？煞譃樵?、比較級、最高級三種基本形式，具體而言，它們分別以下列形式出現(xiàn)在句中：

它們分別以下列形式出現(xiàn)在句中：(1)as+原級+as(2)比較級+than(3)the+最高級+of(in)．．．

需注意的原級的用法：

(1)否定結(jié)構(gòu)有A．．。not as+形容詞原級+as B及A．．．not so +形容詞原級+as B兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)表示倍數(shù)有．．．times as+形容詞原級+as的句型。如： This garden is ten times as large as that one． This room is twice as large as that one．(3)half as+形容詞原級+as表示“??的一半”。如：This book is half as thick as that one． 需注意的比較級的用法：

(1)than后面接代詞時，一般要用主格，但在口語中工也可換成me。(2)比較級前還可以用much，even，still，a little來修飾。(3)表示倍數(shù)時，試比較

Our room is twice as large as theirs． 我們的房間是他們的兩倍那樣大。

Our room is twice larger than theirs． 我們的房間比他們的大兩倍。(4)I’ m two years older than you． 我比你大兩歲。(5)“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越??”。如: He becomes fatter and fatter．

(6)”The+比較級?，the+比較級”表示“越??，越??”。如：The busier he is，the happier he feels．他越忙就越高興。

需注意的最高級的用法：(1)常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：“of+復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞”表示“在??之中的”，“在??中”；“in+范圍、場所”表示“在??之中”。如： He is the tallest“all the boys”． China is the greatest in the world． 副詞

1．副詞比較級的構(gòu)成

(1)單音節(jié)副詞和個別雙音節(jié)副詞通過加-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。(2)絕大多數(shù)副詞借助more，most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。(3)少數(shù)副詞的不規(guī)則變化： 原級 比較級 最高級 well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther farthest farthest furthest late later latest(4)副詞的最高級前面可以不加定冠詞the。

(5)常用句型有l(wèi)ike A better than B和like A（the）best of（in）? 其余變化和形容詞類似。2．常見副詞用法(1)too, either Too 一般用于肯定句，常放在句末，否定句時用either。(2)ago，before ago 以現(xiàn)在為起點，和動詞的過去時連用。before以過去某個時間為起點，常和過去完成時連用。當before前沒有“一段時間”而單獨使用時，泛指“以前”，常和完成時連用。如：I have heard the man before。我以前聽說過那個人。【介詞】

一些容易混淆的介詞

1．表示時間的at、on、in的用法區(qū)別 at主要表示：

(1)在某具體時刻之前，如at seven o’ clock，at 7：30。

(2)在固定短語中，如：at noon，at night，at that time，at the age of at the weekend，at Christmas。

On用來表示“在??天”，如：On Monday，On May lst，On Children’s Day。in用來表示：

(1)在某年、某月、某季節(jié)。

(2)在—段時間之后，如：in two hours，in a few days。

注意：在純粹地表示在上午／下午／晚上時，用in the morning／afternoon／evening，但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介詞on。如：on Monday morning，on the morning of Children’ s Day。

2.表示地點的at，in，on的用法區(qū)別(1)at通常指小地方，in一般指大地方。(2)at 所指范圍不太明確，in指“在??里”。(3)in指在內(nèi)部，on指“在??之上”。

3．表示“一段時間”的for與since的用法區(qū)別

for后面接時間段，since之后接時間點。4．表示時間的before與by的用法區(qū)別

before與by都可表示“在??之前”，但by含有“不遲于??”、“到??為止”的意思。如果by后是將來的時間，則與將來時連用，若by后是過去的時間，則與過去完成時連用。

5．over與above(under與below)over，above都表示“在??的上面”，over表示“正上方”，而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above還可表示溫度、水位等“高于”，over還可表示“越過??”。over的反義詞是under，above的反義詞是below．例如：

There is a bridge over the river Our plane flew above the clouds．

6．表示“用”的with，by，in的用法

with多指用工具，用身體的部位或器官；by表示使用的方法、手段；in指使用某種語言。如：

We see with our eyes.We go there by bike.Please say it out in English.He cut it open with a knife.介詞的省略

表示時間介詞at, on, in 的省略

(1)在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等詞前,一般不用 at, in, on.(2)在某些名詞詞組前,可以省略(也可不省)如:(on)that day,(in)the year before last 常見搭配

1．動詞+介詞，如：

listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about...2．形容詞+介詞，如：

afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from...3．名詞+介詞 / 介詞+名詞

key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example...三．典型例題 【名詞】

[例1]（1）—How far is your school from here? —Not very far.It's about twenty ______ walk.A.minute's B.minutes’ C.minutes D.minute

（2）It is about ______ from the school to my home.A.ten minutes walk B.ten minutes’ walk C.ten minutes’ s walk D.ten minute’s walk

分析 上述兩題考查名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法。由句意可知空格處所填內(nèi)容是表示距離的名詞，選項中的名詞minute和walk存在所有關(guān)系，因此必須用名詞的所有格。名詞所有格的’s也可以加在一個短語之后，若該短語最后一個名詞的詞尾是-s，則只加“’’。如：an hour’s ride, two weeks’ time。因而（1）、（2）小題答案均為B。[例2] Have you seen ______ at the foot of the hill?

A.any sheep B.some sheeps C.any sheeps D.some sheep 分析 此題考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊例子。sheep的單復(fù)數(shù)同形；any一般用在疑問句和否定句里，some用在肯定句里。答案為A [例3]—Who is the man in the blue car? —He is ______father.A.Kate's and Mary's B.Kate and Mary's C.Kate and Mary D.of Kate and Mary 分析 本題考查名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及方法。兩個并列的所有格，只給第二個名詞加“’s”。[例4]（哈爾濱市，2003）---Where is Tom？

---He’ s left a saying that he has something important to do.A.excuse B.message C.exercise D.news 分析 此題考查名詞的用法，由a知道選項A、C、D不行，故選B。答案 選B 解后反思 an excuse（一個借口），an exercise（一個練習(xí)）??，news（新聞）是不可數(shù)名詞。

[例5]（天津市，2003）He had something to write down and asked me for A.a paper B.some papers C.some pieces of papers D.a piece of paper 分析 此題考查不可數(shù)名詞的用法。Paper作“紙”講時是不可數(shù)名詞，故A、B、C可排除。答案：選D 解后反思 paper當“試卷”、“文件”講時是可數(shù)名詞。類似的詞還有：fish，chicken等。【代詞】

[例1] 用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1）This isn’t _______(I)book, it must be _______(you).2）Is there any milk in the bottle? Yes, there is ______(little).分析 第1小題第一空要用形容詞性物主代詞my，用于修飾名詞book，第二空則要用名詞性物主代詞yours，相當于your book。第2小題應(yīng)用a little表示肯定：“有一點兒”。[例2] There are many trees on________ of the road.A.both side B.each sides C.both sides D.every side

分析 此題主要考查不定代詞both, each和every的用法。both為“兩者”（都）”，作定語時，其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞；作主語時，要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。either為“兩者中間的任何一個（的）”，作定語時，后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；作主語時，要用單數(shù)謂語動詞。every意為“每個（的）”，作定語，只用于三者或三者以上。又因馬路road（rive，street等）只有兩側(cè)，所以正確答案只能是C。

[例3] 1)“Help ______ to some mooncakes”, Han Meimei said to the twins.A.you B.oneself C.yourself D.yourselves 2)—Put on your clothes when you go out.—Thank you.Mum.I can look after______.A.me B.I C.ourselves D.myself

分析 這是一組考查反身代詞用法的試題。反身代詞在句中可作賓語、表語和同位語，不能單獨使用、不能替代主格代詞，但可用在主格代詞后以加強語氣。還常用于某些短語中，如：by oneself獨自，enjoy oneself 玩得愉快，teach oneself 自學(xué)，help oneself to?隨便吃（用）??等。因此上二題答案均為D。

例4]（廣東省，2003）There is with my computer.It doesn’ t work.A.nothing wrong B.anything wrong C.wrong something D.something wrong 分析 本題考查形容詞與不定代詞的位置關(guān)系，形容詞修飾不定代詞應(yīng)放在不定代詞之后，而anything用于否定句和疑問句，由It doesn’ t work知選D。答案：D 解后反思 考慮詞的使用范圍并結(jié)合語境是解決本題的關(guān)鍵?！竟谠~】

[例1] 選擇填空

1）Give me_______, please.A.a cup tea B.two cup of tea C.two cup D.two cups of tea 2）The teacher passed me _____ paper.A.a piece B.a piece of C.piece of D.a pair of

第1小題主要考查學(xué)生對可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的掌握情況，tea是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用數(shù)量詞直接修飾，但可以用容器表示量，表容器的名詞可變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，即可以說two cups of tea，此題選D。第2小題答案選B。paper一詞是不可數(shù)的，要表示“一張紙”，英語應(yīng)為a piece of paper，不能說a paper。

[例2] _____ delicious food you have cooked!A.How a B.How C.What a D.What 分析 不定冠詞表示數(shù)量，類似“－”，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞前不可用a、an修飾。在感嘆句“What a／an+ adj．+ n．+（主+謂）！”結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞必是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。若是不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)用“What+ adj．+ n．+（主+謂）！”結(jié)構(gòu)。句中food是不可數(shù)名詞，故答案為D。[例3]（1）We always have______ rice for ______lunch.A./;/ B.the;/ C./;a D.the;the

（2）It’s half past four in the afternoon.The students are playing _____ basketball now.A./ B.an C.a D.the

分析 下列情況不用任何冠詞：1）專用名詞（John、England）、物質(zhì)名詞（food，rice，water）等前；2）一日三餐的名詞前；3）在表示球類運動的名詞前。因此第（1）小題正確答案應(yīng)為A；第（2）小題答案為A。

[例4]（天津市，2003）---What’ s the matter with you？----I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed A．a(chǎn), / B.a, the C.a, a D.the, the] 分析 本題考查冠詞的用法和習(xí)慣表達。躺在床上譯為stay in bed，而感冒譯為catch cold或catch a cold，但cold有形容詞修飾時則a不可省略。答案：選A 【數(shù)詞】

[例1] 1)______ books must he-produced for the children.A.Many thousands B.Many thousands of C.Many thousand of D.Many thousand 2)We've planted ______ trees in the centre of our city this year.A.hundred B.tow hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of 分析本題考查數(shù)詞的用法。當 thousand或 hundred做數(shù)詞時，前面一般加數(shù)來修飾，其本身沒有數(shù)的變化，且后不跟of。當它們做名詞時，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為thousands和hundreds，且構(gòu)成thousands of和hundreds of，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案分別為 B、D [例2] About ____ of the workers in the clothes factory are women.A.third fifths B.third fifth C.three fifths D.three fifth

分析 此題主要考查英語的分數(shù)表示法。分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。當分子大于1時，分母的序數(shù)詞后需加“s”。例如：1/3 one third；2/3：two thirds.通過分析A、B、D三項均錯，答案為C。

[例3] July is ________ month of the year.A.seven B.the seventh C.eight D.the eighth 序數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)目的順序，七月份是一年中的第七個月，第七個月的正確表達為the seventh month，所以此題的正確答案為B。

例4]（重慶市，2003）My favourite is getting stamps.I need before I have 2500 ones.A.more one B.any more C.one more D.more than 分析 此題考查數(shù)詞與more相結(jié)合的用法，數(shù)詞+more表示還有（要）??，在此正好符合題意。答案：選C 解后反思 more than是“多于”之意，any more用于否定句表示“不再”?！拘稳菰~、副詞】

[例1] In the exam, the ______ you are, the ______ mistakes you'll make.A.careful;little B.more careful;less C.more careful;few D.more careful;fewer 分析 “the+比較級??，the+比較級??”這個句型結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“越??就越??”或“愈是??則愈是??”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的比較級可以是形容詞，也可以是副詞。答案D [例2] I’m not sure whether Mary can sing ________ Mabel.A.as well as B.as good as C.so good as D.as better as 分析 此題考查了兩個知識點：（1）副詞和形容詞用法的區(qū)別：（2）as?as句式。句中謂語動詞是行為動詞，應(yīng)選副詞。B、C項應(yīng)排除.as?as中間應(yīng)用副詞或形容詞原級，所以答案應(yīng)為A。

[例3] Let’s hope the things can get______.A.better and better B.well and well C.good and good D.best and best 分析 答案為A。兩個比較級并列在一起，表示“越來越??”之意，此句主要考查比較級特殊句型“more and more”結(jié)構(gòu)，該句式表示持續(xù)不斷變化，其動詞常是become, be, get, grew等，又如：Spring has come.It is getting warmer and warmer.[例4]（甘肅省，2003）I am I want a piece of bread A.full B.hungry C.tired D.thirsty 分析 此題在語境中考查形容詞的用法。由后句意“我要一塊面包”說名與“餓”有關(guān)，故選B。

答案：選B。

[例5]（天津市，2003）In our city，it’ s in July, nut it is even in August.A.hotter, hottest B.hot, hot C.hotter, hot D.hot, hotter 分析 此題考查形容詞及比較級的用法。前空應(yīng)填原級，后空有even修飾要用比較級，故選D。

答案：選D 解后反思 如下幾個形容詞的比較級和最高級要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加-er或-est。big-bigger-biggest，hot-hotter-hottest，fat-fatter-fattest，thin-thinner-thinnest，wet-wetter-wettest。簡記為：大（big），熱（hot），濕紙（wet），誰（肥，fat）瘦（thin）？（利用諧音記）[例6]（山西省太原市，2002）The little girl likes animals.When she heard I would take her to the zoo, she looked at me.A.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrily 分析 由句意知C、D可以排除，又此句中l(wèi)ook at是行為動詞而不是連系動詞，故選B 答案：B 解后反思 形容詞和副詞都具有修飾作用，但是各自修飾的對象不同，形容詞修飾名詞，作定語，或在連系動詞后作表語。而副詞修飾行為動詞，形容詞或副詞作狀語?！窘樵~】

[例1] 用正確的介詞填空。

1）The little girl is looking________ her mother.2）Thank you ________ your help.3）Don't read ________ bed.4）Tom comes ________ the USA.第1小題要填for，因為look for是一個固定詞組，表示尋找的行為。第 2小題填 for，既可說 Thanks for?也可以說 Thank you for?，for后接名詞。第3小題填 in。表示“在床上”in bed，一般不說 on bed。第 4小題come from一個固定短語，意思相當于be from，表示“來自?”。

[例2] China lies_______ the east of Asia and ______ the east of Japan.A.in;on B.to;to C.to;in D.in;to

解析 表示方位的介詞in, on, to意義各不相同。在范圍內(nèi)的地方用in。China屬于Asia范圍內(nèi)，故先用in；不在范圍內(nèi)的地方用to，若兩地相連，則要用介詞on, China和Japan不屬同一范圍且有海相隔，故選擇to。因此答案為D。四．強化訓(xùn)練及答案 【名詞】 選擇正確答案

1.There are forty ______ in our school.A.women teachers B.teacher women C.woman teachers D.women teacher 2.Mr.Li is one of ______ in the hospital.A.most popular doctors B.the most popular doctors C.most popular doctor D.the most popular doctor 3.The sign “NO PHOTOS” means that you can't ______.A.take pictures B.bring in pictures C.buy any photos D.sell any photos 4.Some of the boys in ______ are afraid of maths exams.A.Class Three B.the Class Three C.Three Class D.the Three Class 5.Have you got any ______ for us this time? A.pieces of message B.piece of messages C.pieces of messages D.messages 6.______, those mountains will be covered with trees.A.In a few years time B.After a few years time C.In a few years’ time D.After a few years time

7.Hong Kong is an SAR while Macao is another.So there are ______ in China.A.both SAR B.both SARS C.two SAR D.two SARS 8.Look!There are ______ stars up there in the ______.A.thousands of;sky B.thousands of;air C.thousand of;sky D.thousand of;air 9.My father lived in ______ for some ten years.A.city Beijing B.the Beijing city C.Beijing of city D.the city of Beijing 10.Just from the ______ I know it's Liu Minjun.A.noise B.voice C.sound D.sing 11.—Where are the other two students? —They're in ______.A.teacher's office B.teachers' office C.the teacher office D.the teachers' office 12.—How many ______ have you next term? —Let me see.We'll have eight.A.lesson B.subjects C.days D.class 13.My uncle's full name is David Edward Hartpode.His family name is ______.A.Edward B.Hartpode C.David D.David Hartpode 14.He writes more carefully than ______ in his class.A.any student B.any other student C.any other students D.all students 15.This new kind ______ can do half the work.A.of tractor B.tractor C.of a tractor D.a tractor 16.John is very happy to have a ______ training.A.two weeks B.two-month C.two-weeks D.two-months 17.My brother is always careless.He always makes ____ A.mistakes B.mistake C.mistook D.some mistake 18.Mr.Green is nearly ______.A.two metres high B.two metres tall C.high two metres D.tall two metres 19.Mr.Smith is an ______.A.English B.English man C.Englishman D.Englishmen 20.A group of ______ are talking with two ______.A.Frenchmen;Germans B.Frenchmen;Germen C.German;Frenchmen D Germans;Frenchmans 【代詞】 單項選擇

1.______ the twins enjoyed ______ at the party yesterday.A.Both;them B.Both;themselves C.Neither;them D.All;themselves 2.—Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a cup of tea? —______, thanks.I'd like just a cup of water.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 3.—Would you like ______ milk in your tea? —Yes, just ______.A.any;little B.some;a little C.much;a few D.a little;some 4.There is______ to do this evening.A.much nothing B.many nothing C.nothing much D.nothing many 5.The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forget ______.A.anything else B.something else C.nothing else D.everything else 6.—Is this your shoe? —Yes, it is.But where is______? A.the others B.another C.other one D.the other one 7.What I want to say is ______English is a very useful language.A.it B.this C.that D.those 8.They have an English lesson ______ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.A.each other B.every other C.some others D.another more 9.We found______ very important to learn a foreign language well.A.this B.that C.it D.it's 10.—______ is Lily like? —Oh, she's tall and thin.A.How B.Who C.Which D.What 11.—Would you like milk or orange? —_______ I prefer water.A.Each B.Neither C.Either D.Both 12.—Oh, there is someone in the room.—______ must be my mother.A.There B.She C.This D.It

13.Betty and John have come back, but _______ students in the class aren't here yet.A.the other B.others C.another D.the others 14.______ of us has read the story.A.Some B.Both C.All D.None

15.—Which of her parents is a doctor? —________.A.Any B.Either C.Both D.All 16.I have bought a new watch because my old ______ doesn't work.A.it B.one C.that D.this

17.—Is this dictionary _______ or _______? —It's mine.A.your;hers B.your;her C.your;her D.yours;hers

18.There is ______ water in my glass.Will you please give me ______.A.little;some B.few;any C.few;some D.little;any 19.—______pencil-box is this, Patrick? —It’s ______

A.Whose;mine B.Who’s;mine C.Whose;my D.Who’s;my

20.—The pen is _______.She wrote _______ name with it _______.A.hers;her;herself B.her;hers;her C.her;hers;herself D.her;herself;hers 【冠詞】

用適當?shù)墓谠~填空，不需要冠詞的空白處填“×”

1.Tomorrow is ______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for our English teacher.2.The bus is running about seventy miles_____ hour.3.Mary is interested in ______ science.4.Some people don't like to talk at ______ table.5.Last night I went to______ bed very late.6.Don't worry.We still have ______ little time left.7.What ______ beautiful day!And what ______ fine weather!8.In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in ________Shanghai.9.John is______ cleverest boy in his class.10.We can't live without ______ water or ______ air.11.Tomorrow Mr.Smith will leave Paris, ______capital of______ France, for Washington by______ air.12.We were having______ lunch when they came in.13.This is ______ book you gave me last week.14.What did you do ______ last Saturday? 15.March 8 is ______ Women's Day.16.If ______ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.17.I prefer playing ______ piano to playing ______ basketball.18.At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books.19.Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age.20.______ harder we study, ______ more we learn.【數(shù)詞】 選擇填空

l.September is the ________ month of the year.A.eighth B.ninth C.tenth D.eleventh 2.The People's Republic of China was founded ________ A.on October the first, 1949 B.in October the first ,1949 C.on October one, 1949 D.on October first one, 1949 3.There are ________ days in a year.A.three hundreds and sixty-five B.three hundreds and fifty-six C.three hundreds of sixty-five D.three hundred and sixty-five 4.There are ________ days in February.A.thirty B.thirty-one C.twenty-eight D.twenty-six 5.The film begins at 4:15.The right answer of “4:15” is _______ A.four fifth B.fifteen four C.four fifteen D.a quarter to four 6.________is seventy seven.A.forty and four B.thirty-seven and forty C.forty or thirty-seven D.seventy of seven 7.What row are you in? I am in ________.A.Row One B.Row First C.Row one D.One Row 8.How many months are there in a year? There are _______ A.eleven B.twelve C.twenty D.twelfth 9.At the age of ________, he was a worker.A.twenty B.the twenty C.twentieth D.one 10.The Changjiang River is ________ longest river in China.A.the first B.the second C.the third D.the fourth 【形容詞、副詞】

根據(jù)A句完成B句，使兩句句意一致。

1.A: Their football team is much stronger than the other two.B: Their football team is ______ ______ of the _____.2.A: I prefer science to any other subject.B: I like science _____ _____ any other subject.3.A: Jane went shopping yesterday, and I went shopping, too.B: Jane went shopping yesterday and ______ _____ I.4.A: This room is not big.It can't hold a lot of people.B: This room is not big_____ ______ hold so many people.5.A: That machine doesn't work.B: There is______ ______ with that machine.6.A: The snow was very heavy last night.B: It _____ ______ last night.7.A: His uncle no longer works here.B: His uncle _____work here ______ longer.8.A: This is the most important thing at this moment.B: This thing is _____ important than anything ______ at this moment.9.A: He was so angry that he couldn't.say a word.B: He was ______ angry _______ say a word.10.A: Zhang Tao speaks English better than any other student in his class.B: ______ speaks English so _____ as Zhang Tao.【介詞】

用適當?shù)慕樵~填空

1.You'd better not go ______ the forest.It's dangerous.2.Which room are you going to live ______? 3.The building is ______ fire.There're some people ______ the top floor.4.Before 1990 there was no airline ______ the two cities.5.It's not good to come late ______ school.6.What's wrong ______ your bike? 7.Thank you very much ______ coming to see me.8.I couldn't finish it ______ your help.9.Don't laugh ______ others’ mistakes.10.Do the twins look ______ their father? 11.—How do you usually come to school, every day? —Sometimes ______ bike, sometimes ______ foot.12.It's very kind ______ you to help me ______ my maths.13.Don't read ______ the sun.It's bad ______ your eyes.14.The teacher told us the moon travels ______ the earth.15.You must learn these words ______ heart, and answer my question______ English.16.Please meet your uncle ______ noon ______ Saturday.17.Thanks ______ your help, I finished the work before dark.18.It's cold and the temperature is ______ zero during the night.19.The teacher is writing ______ red ink ______ a piece of paper.20.The children are waiting ______ the gate ______ their mother.1.through 2.in 3.on, on 4.between 5.to 6.with 7.for 8.without 9.at 10.like 11.by;on 12.of;with 13.in;for 14.around/ round 15.by;in 16.at;on 17.to 18.below 19.in;on 20.at;for

第二篇：初中英語語法介詞教案

第7單元 介詞

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（一）表示時間的介詞

1． at表示時間點，at six o'clock, at noon；

on表示特定日子，如on Children's Day；

in表示一段時間，in the morning.

『例』She'll be back in an hour.

He came back after a month.in “+”一段時間與動詞將來時連用，表示過一段時間之后； after“+”一段時間用于過去時，指一段時間后。2．During表示期間的某個時期

『例』It rained several times during the night. for表示多長時間

『例』It has rained for two hours. through表示整個期間

『例』It rained all through the night.

3．till, by, before, after表示時間期限或先后 『例』I'll be here till seven. I'll be home by six.

I'll be here before seven. 4．from, since表示時間起點

『例』They have lived here since 1985. I haven't seen her from then on.

（二）at, in, on, under, behind, by, near, between可表示場所，into, out of, along.across, through可表示方向，with, in, by, like, from可表示手段、材料等 『例』She is sitting by the window.

Sam got out of the lift and ran quickly to the man. We smell with our noses.

（三）介詞與動詞搭配如：look at, arrive in/at etc. 介詞與形容詞搭配如：be interested in, be kind to, etc. 介詞與名詞搭配如：at least, by the way

注意幾組介詞的區(qū)別：on, above, over與below，under, among與between, across與through，about與on

1．on的同義詞是above, over, above是指斜上方，over指正上方，其反義詞是below, under;below是指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物正下方，其反義詞是above；under是指在某物的正下方有垂直在下的意思，其反義詞是over。

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2．a(chǎn)mong是指三個或三個以上之間，between是指兩者之間。

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3．a(chǎn)cross與through都有“穿過”之意，都可指從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊，across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動作是在某一物體的表面進行的；through與in有關(guān)，表示動作是在某一物體的空間里進行的。

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第三篇：初中英語語法總結(jié)[介詞短語+動詞搭配】

初中英語語法總結(jié)(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2（比較級 and 比較級）表示越來越怎么樣 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 贊成某人 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣 6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界 7 along with同……一道，伴隨…… eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹 8 As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣 9 as you can see 你是知道的 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的東西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的開始 at the end of +地點/+時間 最后；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 現(xiàn)在進行時 2 將來時 be able to(+ v 原)= can(+ v 原）能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能夠干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do(of sth 恐懼，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允許做什么

eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應(yīng)該被允許看電視 23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣 be as…原級…as 和什么一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開 be bad for 對什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……

be careful 當心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一樣 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好

be from = come from 來自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/從句 39 be going to + v(原）將來時 40 be good at(+doing)= do well in 在某方面善長, 善于……

be good for 對什么有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高興做某事 43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處 Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處

be in good health 身體健康 45 be in trouble 處于困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣

be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到 48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的氣 50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)52 be not sure 表不確定 53 be on a visit to 參觀 54 be popular with sb受某人歡迎 55 be quiet 安靜 56 be short for eg: is short for

初中英語語法總結(jié)

be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 嚴于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb對某人要求嚴格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves這些學(xué)生對自己不嚴格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表確定

be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher 我相信我的大腦（老師）68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試

be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學(xué)好英語

be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一樣 73 be used to doing sth習(xí)慣做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習(xí)慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習(xí)慣上課睡覺 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句

because+句子 because of +短語

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么開始什么 eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 兩者之間 79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb(lend sb sth 借給……什么東西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me(he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as)= not different(from)表相同 81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎么去車站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我?guī)讉€周了 He's bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到……為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 84 care 關(guān)心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什么不關(guān)心國家的未來 85 catch up with sb 趕上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地 87 come in 進88 come over to 過來

come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流

consider + doing 考慮做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什么不考慮去瀘州？ 92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞

decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調(diào)查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做錯 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意…… 99 each +名（單）每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學(xué)生都有一些書 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡

escape from 從……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來 105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什么

far from 離某地遠 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣

初中英語語法總結(jié)

find sb/sth +adj 發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名詞）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人 111 forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（別人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫(yī)拔掉了）114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好

get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for為什么而準備eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻119 get sb to do sth 120 get…from… 從某處得到某物 121 give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳 124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做這件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上學(xué)（用于專業(yè)的）go to the school 去學(xué)校（不一定是上學(xué)）127 good way to 好方法 128 hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事

have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會 130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談

have been doing 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …(地方）……去過某過地方 have gone to …（地方）去了某地還沒回來 133 have fun +doing 玩得高興 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做 I have nothing to do 我沒什么事情做 135 have to do sth 必須做某事 136 have trouble(problem)(in)doing sth 做什么事情有麻煩 137 have…time +doing 138 have…(時間)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用處

help sb with sth one's sth 幫助某人某事（某方面）help sb(to)do sth 幫助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth 希望做某事 143 How about(+doing)= What about(+doing)144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什么的看法 145 if : 是否＝wether eg: I don't know if(wether)I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會

He don't know if(wether)we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能準時到達 146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般時態(tài)）＋條件語態(tài)從句

eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州

If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃，他們會讓我知道的 I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢，我就要去英國 147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為

in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv)最后

in the north of… 什么在什么的北方（north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東）151 in the sun 在太陽下 152 increase 增加 eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他們把石油價增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +（名）代替

eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要蘋果，而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜歡英語而不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)

154 introduce sb to sb 介紹某人給某人 introduce oneself 自我介紹 155 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事

156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少時間

eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事怎么樣

初中英語語法總結(jié)

158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么樣

159 It's +adj for sb 對于某人來說怎么樣 It's +adj of sb 對某人來說太怎么樣

160 It's +adj(for sb)to do（對某人來說）做某事怎么樣 It's +adj of sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事太怎么樣 eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English 161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 對…… 來說是個好主意 162 It's important to sb 對某人來說很重要 eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了該去做某事的時間 eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 該去上課了 164 join = take part in 參加 165 just now 剛才

166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介詞短語 讓什么保持什么樣？ 167 keep out 不讓 …… 進入 168 keep sb adj 讓……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名詞 表示：某物的鑰匙或某題的答案 170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答題或鑰匙

171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自學(xué)

173 learn from sb 向某人學(xué)習(xí)eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 學(xué)做某事 175 let sb do sth 讓某人做某事

176 Let sb down 讓某人失望 eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down 我們不應(yīng)該讓我們的父母失望 177 live from :離某地遠

178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地 eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顧 照看

180 lose one's way 誰 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路 181 make a decision to do sth 決定做某事

182 make friends with sb 和誰成為朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把時間定的早一點

184 make on exhibition of oneself 讓某人出洋相

185 make sb /n +n 使什么成為什么 eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么樣 eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么樣

188 make sb do sth 讓某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前讓他寫 189 make up be made up of(被動語態(tài)）由……組成 190 make…difference to…

191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么 192 most +名 most of +代 193 much too +形容詞 194 must be 一定 195 need +名詞

196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do(實義動詞）need do(情態(tài)動詞）198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名詞

200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not…(形、副）at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all 202 not…at all 一點都不

203 not…either 表否定，也不 eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也沒有姐姐 204 not…until 直到……才……

eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 給某人提供

初中英語語法總結(jié)

206 offer sb sth(offer sth to sb 提供什么東西給某人 eg : I offer you water(I offer water to you 我給你提供水

207 on one's way to… 在誰去那的路上 208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone 用電話交談 210 on time 準時 in time 及時 211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天 212 one of +可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 213 one to another 一個到另一個

214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼職工作 fall-time job 全職工作 216 pay for… 付……錢 pay the bill 開錢，付錢 217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 練習(xí)做某事

222 prefer sth to sth 相對……更喜歡…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化學(xué)中，我更喜歡物理 prefer doing to sth 更喜歡去做…不愿意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜歡騎自行車，不開小車

prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧愿做…也不愿

eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜歡買新的車，也不去修舊車 prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜歡她不來 223 pretend to do sth 裝著去做什么 pretend that 從句

eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 這兩個騙子裝著努力工作 He pretended that he did not know the answer 他裝著不知道答案 224 rather…than 寧可……也不……

eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯當醫(yī)生，也不當老師 He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜歡狗，不喜歡貓 225 regard…as 把……當作……

eg: Please give my best regards to your family 請帶我向你的家人我最好的問候 I regard you as my friend 我把你當作我的朋友 He shows little regard for others 他不愛關(guān)心別人

226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 eg : he remids me about cooking(he remids me to cook 他提醒我做飯 227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么

eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 這照片使我想起了我的學(xué)校 the words that(which)the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 還什么東西給某人

229 say to oneself 對自己說 230 say to sb 對某人說 231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少錢在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少時間陪誰 233 sb spend sometime(in)doing sth 花了多少時間做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看見某人做過某事 see sb doing 看見某人正在做某事

236 seem to do/be +adj 顯得怎么樣 eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送給某人某物 238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？

239 shock 使……震驚 eg : Oh , It's only you!You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！嚇我一跳 240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.初中英語語法總結(jié)

241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么東西給某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.243 some…others… 一些……另一些……

244 start…with… 從……開始 begin…with… 從……開始 245 stay away from 遠離……

eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 當我們參觀zoo 時，我們要遠離動物 If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想減肥，你最好遠離甜食 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事 247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from)doing 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事

250 such +名 這樣，這種 251 suit sb 適合某人

252 surprise sb 使某人驚奇 to one's surprise 令某人驚奇 253 take classes 上課 254 take sb to 把某人帶去 eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步

256 ①talk to 對誰說 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和誰說 eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 談到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 談?wù)撽P(guān)于……

257 talk with sb 和某人說話 258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告訴某人做某事 260 tell sb sth tell sb that 叢句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告訴某人某事

262 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做什么

263 tell…from… 264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名詞(doing)+as…… 266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同

267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路 e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to…（地點）到哪的 269 too…to… 太怎樣而不能……adj +enough to 足夠…能… so…that +叢句 eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte ……into…… 把什么翻譯成什么 eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb和某人去旅游

272 try one's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但沒成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已經(jīng)做過了

eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但沒成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已經(jīng)做過了 274 try…試衣服 have a try 試一下 275 turn down 開小 ←→ turn up 開大 276 turn off 關(guān)上 ←→ turn on 打開 open 拆開 277 upside down 倒著 278 visit to… 參觀某個地方 279 wait for sb 等某人

第四篇：初中英語語法總結(jié)

第一講

1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump（比較級 and 比較級）表示越來越怎么樣 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）agree with sb 贊成某人

all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣

all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界 along with同……一道，伴隨…… eg : the students planted trees along with their teachers 學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹 As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣 as you can see 你是知道的

ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的東西）eg : ask you for my book

ask sb for sth 向某人什么

ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事

at the age of 在……歲時 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen

at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的開始 at the end of +地點/+時間 最后；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day

at this time of year 在每年的這個時候

初中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)（2）be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test be + doing 表：1 現(xiàn)在進行時 2 將來時 be able to(+ v 原)= can(+ v 原）能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing be able to do sth 能夠干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do(of sth 恐懼，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog be allowed to do 被允許做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應(yīng)該被允許看電視 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣 25 be as…原級…as 和什么一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高 be ashamed to 不好意思… 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開 be bad for 對什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于

初中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)（3）B．情感型使動詞：

情感型使動詞表示客觀事物使人產(chǎn)生情感上的變化，可以分為下列概念：（1）驚訝（surprise）；（2）高興（delight）；（3）惱怒（irritation）；（4）煩擾（trouble）；（5）興趣（interest）；（6）激動（excitement）；（7）迷惑（bewilderment）；（8）堅信（conviction）；（9）恐嚇（fright）；（10）厭倦（tiredness）和（ll）憤怒（anger）。這類動詞用于被動語態(tài)時，要注意前置詞的用法。分述如下：（1）驚訝：

表示“驚訝”概念的情感型使動詞，主要有surprise，astonish，astound，amaze，startle，stun，dumbfound，shock等，例如： 78）a．The taste surprised him，it was not as he'd imagined． b．The taste made him surprised，it was not as he'd imagined． c．He was surprised by the taste，it was not as he'd imagined．（這味道使他大出意外，那完全不是他原先想的那樣。）79）a．The news astonished everybody． b．The news made everybody astonished． c．Everybody was astonished at the news．（這個消息使大家感到驚奇。）

80）a．Sherlock Holmes astounded Dr Watson with his accurate analysis．

b．Sherlock Holmes made Dr Watson astounded with his accurate analysis．

c．Dr Watson was astounded by Sherlock Holmes with his accurate analysis．

（夏洛克·福爾摩斯精確的分析使華生醫(yī)生感到驚奇。）81）a．Their performance amazed me． b．I was amazed at／by their performance．（他們的演出使我驚奇。）

82）a．The explosion startled me out of my sleep． b．I was startled out of my sleep by the explosion．（爆炸聲使我從睡夢中驚醒。）

83）a．The unfairness of their judgment stunned me． b．I was stunned by the unfairness of their judgment．（他們判決的不公正使我為之震驚。）

84）a．The strange news completely dumb-founded me． b．I was completely dumbfounded at／by the strange news．（這個奇怪的消息完全把我驚呆了。）

85）a．The news of her death greatly shocked me． b．I was greatly shocked at the news of her death．（她的死訊使我大為震驚。）初中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)（4）B．情感型使動詞：(2)

（2）高興：

表示“高興”概念的情感型使動詞，主要有delight，please，statisfy，amuse等，例如： 86）a．Her singing delighted us． b．Her singing made us delighted． c．We were delighted at her singing．（她的歌聲使我們歡樂。）87）a．His work pleased me． b．His work made me pleased． c．I was pleased with his work．（他的工作使我高興。）

88）a．The result completely satisfied most of the people． b．Most of the people were completely satisfied with the result．（這個結(jié)果使大多數(shù)人完全滿意。）

89）a．The old man's jokes amused the children． b．The children were amused at／by the old man's jokes．（老人講的笑話逗得孩子們都笑起來。）（3）惱怒：

表示“惱怒”概念的情感型使動詞，主要有annoy，irritate，vex，displease等，例如：

90）a． What he said annoyed me． b．What be said made me annoyed． c．I was annoyed by what he said．（他的話使我惱怒。）91）a． His delay irritated us． b．His delay made us irritated． c．We were irritated by his delay．（他的拖延激怒了我們。）

92）a．The boy's bad behaviour vexed his mother． b．The boy's mother was vexed by his bad behaviour．（這男孩子的惡劣行為使他母親生氣。）93）a．Her levity displeased him． b． He was displeased at／with her levity．（她的輕浮使他感到不快。）

初中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)（5）

be interested in 對某方面感興趣

be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到

be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的氣

be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)52 be not sure 表不確定 53 be on a visit to 參觀

be popular with sb 受某人歡迎 55 be quiet 安靜

be short for 是…的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床

be sorry to do sth / be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 很遺憾做…/ 對某人感到抱歉

be sorry to hear that 很遺憾聽到…

be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 很抱歉打擾某人

初中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)（6）

be strict in doing sth 嚴于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles

be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學(xué)生對自己不嚴格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表確定 66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher 我相信我的大腦（老師）

be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試

be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學(xué)好英語

be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一樣

be used to doing sth習(xí)慣做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習(xí)慣早He is used to sleeping in class 他習(xí)慣上課睡覺

be worth doing 值得做什么

be(feel)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句

第二講

（一）形容詞，副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成。

（二）比較級用法：

1.同級比較時（a=b），用“as +形容詞，副詞原級+as”，表

示??和??一樣

This newspaper is as expensive as that one.Today is as cold as yesterday.They have as many things to do as we do.2.如果a=b,用not as/so ?as , 表示。。不及。。

Your bag is not as/so big as his.There is not as/so much rain this year as last year.It is not as/so cold in Nanjing as in Beijing.3.兩個人或事物進行比較，a>b 或a

（1）比較級+and+比較級，表示越來越。。The weather is getting warmer and warmer.I believe our country will become stronger and stronger.（2）the+比較級??，the +比較級??表示越??就越?? The more you read and listen to English, the fewer you make

mistakes.The harder you work , the better you get.6.表示倍數(shù)，百分數(shù)和分數(shù)的比較級與程度副詞一樣，要把倍數(shù)，百分數(shù)和分數(shù)放到比較 級前。The road is one third longer than that one.He is 6 years older than you.（三）形容詞，副詞的最高級：

1.三個或三個以上的人或事物進行比較用最高級。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：

the+最高級+范圍 Peter is the cleverest boy in our class.Which is the most interesting movie you have seen? Who is the youngest of all the teachers in your school? 2.形容詞的最高級前表示‘第幾’，用the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞的最高級+名詞

Mike was the second tallest basketball player in our school.3.形容詞的最高級前有物主代詞時，不再加the He showed me his best stamp collection.（四）重點詞匯：

1.You can move from one news site to other sites with similar

information.similar to sb./sth.We have very similar interests.Gold is similar in color to brass.2.On average, I look at news websites twice as often as TV

programs.On average, there are about 10 classes in Grade 1 every year.3.However, some news channels are on TV all day and so, in this way, they are the same as Internet websites.the same as 表示和??一樣，相當于as?as This book is the same as that one.These pens are not the same as the others.4.Websites sometimes have short videos but often these are too

large to open.She is too exc ited to speak.You are too young to go to school.5.at any time

This is a 24-hour fast food restaurant.You can go there at any

time.You can call me at any time.6.at certain times The news is on TV only at certain times, so it is not as recent as

the Internet news.7.instead of

Could I have chicken instead of pork?

（五）課文寫作框架：

Paragraph1 General introduction Let’s compare two types of

news.Paragraph2 Advantages of TV news 1.See and hear real people.2.The pictures and sound are better.3.Someone has already chosen the most important news.Paragraph3 Disadvantages of TV news 1.TV news is not as

recent as the Internet news.2.TV news programs have ads.Paragraph 4 Advantages of the Internet news 1.You can see

them at any time.2.The news is updated all the time.3.It’s easy to find similar information.4.You can comment or join in a discussion.Paragraph 5 Disadvantages of the Internet news 1.The Internet news is not as personal as TV news.2.The sound and video are not good.3.There are ads on websites.Paragraph 6 Conclusion It’s hard to say which one is better.［課堂練習(xí)］ I、選擇填空

1.My schoolbag is larger than________.A.she B.her C.hers D.hers’

2.He's much ________ today, but she is even ________.A.well, worse B.well, better C.better, ill D.better, worse 3.My aunt is very _______, but my uncle is much ________.A.strong, strongest B.strong, stronger C.stronger, stronger D.strong, strong 4.We have ________ rain this year than last year.A.plenty B.much C.plenty of D.more 5.He always makes his radio as _______ as possible.A.louder B.loudly C.loud D.aloud 6.We are glad to see that Shanghai is developing _____ these years than before.A.quickly

B.less quickly

C.more quickly

D.quicker 7.Hello, Mr.Green!I want to see you right now.Can you come as

_____ as possible?

A.quick

B.soon

C.late

D.can 8.A: Jane, it’s time to go to school.Get up and have breakfast.B: But I am not feeling _____.I don’t feel like eating anything.A.bad

B.good

C.well 9.It’s ____ to teach a man fishing than to give him fish.A.more B.better

C.good

D.best 10.Bill jumped _____ than any other player in the sports meeting.A.tall

B.taller

C.high

D.higher

II.用所給詞的適當形式填空。

1.Where do you get the news about what _________(happen)now in the world? 2.You mustn’t read it.It is a ______________(person)letter.3.Can you find the ____________ between news on TV and news

on the Internet?(different)4.You can join in a ____________ on many new sites.(discuss)5.The newspaper is _____________ as expensive as that one.(two)6.He draws even ______________ than his father.(well)7.This text is far _____________________.(interesting)8.News Today does not cover as _______________ as News Time.(much)

III.用所給形容詞或副詞的適當形式填空

1.Which runs________(fast), a cheetah or a kangaroo? 2.Mr.Zhang speaks ________(clear)of all the teachers.3.They did _________(bad)on the test th an the other students.4.Who is ________(good)at playing chess, you or your brother? 5.Who did ________(well)in the competition? 6.After the accident he drove __________(careful)than before.7.She talks ________________(quickly)than her sister.8.Liu Mei sings_________________(beautiful)in our class.9.________(hard)you study, __________(high)mark you will get.10.The day is getting_____ and ____(short).11.He got a cold yesterday and he feels even _____________ today.(bad)

第五篇：初中英語語法總結(jié)

1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2（比較級 and 比較級）表示越來越怎么樣 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 贊成某人 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界 7 along with同……一道，伴隨……

eg : I will go along with you我將和你一起去

the students planted trees along with their teachers 學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹 8 As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的東西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……歲時

eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的開始 15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最后；盡頭；末尾 eg : At the end of the day at this time of year 在每年的這個時候 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什么有信心，自信

eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 現(xiàn)在進行時 2 將來時 19 be able to(+ v 原)= can(+ v 原）能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能夠干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do(of sth 恐懼，害怕…… eg : I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允許做什么

eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應(yīng)該被允許看電視23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣 25 be as…原級…as 和什么一樣

eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 遠離 28 be away from 從……離開 29 be bad for 對什么有害

eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于

be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 當心；小心

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be different from…… 和什么不一樣 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好 36 be from = come from 來自

eg ：He is from Beijing He comes from Beijing Is he from Beijing ? Does he come from Beijing ? 37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿

eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/從句

be going to + v(原）將來時

be good at(+doing)= do well in 在某方面善長, 善于…… 41 be good for 對什么有好處

eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高興做某事 43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處

eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處

Exercising is helpful to your body 鍛煉對你的身體有好處 44 be in good health 身體健康 45 be in trouble 處于困難中

eg : She is in trouble They are in trouble 46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣 47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到 48 be like 像……

eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的氣

be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)52 be not sure 表不確定 53 be on a visit to 參觀 54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎 55 be quiet 安靜

be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床

be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 嚴于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noels 62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格

eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 這些學(xué)生對自己不嚴格

be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表確定

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be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心

eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心

eg: I'm sure of my head(my teacher 我相信我的大腦（老師）68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心

eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test 我相信他能通過考試

be sure to do sth一定會做某事

eg: We are sure to pass the test 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學(xué)好英語 70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一樣 73 be used to doing sth習(xí)慣做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習(xí)慣早 He is used to sleeping in class 他習(xí)慣上課睡覺 74 be worth doing 值得做什么

be(feel)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句 76 because+句子 because of +短語

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么開始什么

eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between…and… 兩者之間

borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb(lend sb sth 借給……什么東西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me(he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as)= not different(from)表相同 81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打擾你，但是你能告訴我怎么去車站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我?guī)讉€周了 He's bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到……為止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old Wang 84 care 關(guān)心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你為什么不關(guān)心國家的未來 85 catch up with sb 趕上某人

chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地 87 come in 進88 come over to 過來 89 come up with 提出

eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一個好辦法嗎？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考慮做什么

eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什么不考慮去瀘州？

dance to 隨著……跳舞

eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞

decide to do sth 決定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的調(diào)查

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do better in 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做錯

Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意…… 99 each +名（單）每一個…

eg : Each student has many books 每一個學(xué)生都有一些書 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜歡 102 escape from 從……逃跑

eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事

fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來 105 fall in love with sb /sth 愛上什么 106 far from 離某地遠

eg: The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣 108 find sb/sth +adj 發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣

eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名詞）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人

forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了

eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 從某某到某某

eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（別人）做…

eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了）

Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了（被牙醫(yī)拔掉了）

get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處 117 get ready for = be ready for為什么而準備

eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 給某人麻119 get sb to do sth 120 get…from… 從某處得到某物 121 give a talk 做報告

eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物 123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳

go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做這件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上學(xué)（用于專業(yè)的）go to the school 去學(xué)校（不一定是上學(xué)）127 good way to 好方法

hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事

have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會 130 have a talk 聽報告 談一談 131 have been doing 現(xiàn)在完成進行時

eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …(地方）……去過某過地方 have gone to …（地方）去了某地還沒回來

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have fun +doing 玩得高興 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做 I have nothing to do 我沒什么事情做

have to do sth 必須做某事

have trouble(problem)(in)doing sth 做什么事情有麻煩 137 have…time +doing

have…(時間)…off 放……假

eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用處

help sb with sth one's sth 幫助某人某事（某方面）help sb(to)do sth 幫助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth 希望做某事

How about(+doing)= What about(+doing)144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對什么的看法 145 if : 是否＝wether eg: I don't know if(wether)I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會

He don't know if(wether)we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能準時到達

if :如果，假如（全部接一般時態(tài)）＋條件語態(tài)從句

eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去瀘州

If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃，他們會讓我知道的 I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢，我就要去英國

in one's opinion = sb think 某人認為 148 in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv)最后

in the north of… 什么在什么的北方（north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 東）151 in the sun 在太陽下 152 increase 增加

eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他們把石油價增加了3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +（名）代替

eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要蘋果，而不要梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜歡英語而不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)

154 introduce sb to sb 介紹某人給某人 introduce oneself 自我介紹 155 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事

156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少時間

eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事怎么樣 158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么樣

159 It's +adj for sb 對于某人來說怎么樣 It's +adj of sb 對某人來說太怎么樣

160 It's +adj(for sb)to do（對某人來說）做某事怎么樣 It's +adj of sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事太怎么樣

eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English 161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 對…… 來說是個好主意 162 It's important to sb 對某人來說很重要 eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了該去做某事的時間

eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 該去上課了 164 join = take part in 參加

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165 just now 剛才

166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介詞短語 讓什么保持什么樣？ 167 keep out 不讓 …… 進入 168 keep sb adj 讓……保持……

eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to +名詞 表示：某物的鑰匙或某題的答案 170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答題或鑰匙 171 laugh at… 取笑……

eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke 172 learn by oneslfe 自學(xué) 173 learn from sb 向某人學(xué)習(xí)

eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 學(xué)做某事 175 let sb do sth 讓某人做某事 176 Let sb down 讓某人失望

eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down 我們不應(yīng)該讓我們的父母失望 177 live from :離某地遠

178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地

eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of 照顧 照看 180 lose one's way 誰 迷 路

eg : Lose your way 你迷路

181 make a decision to do sth 決定做某事 182 make friends with sb 和誰成為朋友

eg : I want to make friends with you 183 make it early 把時間定的早一點

184 make on exhibition of oneself 讓某人出洋相 185 make sb /n +n 使什么成為什么

eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife 186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么樣

eg : You must made your bed clean 187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么樣 188 make sb do sth 讓某人做某事

eg : I made him write 我以前讓他寫

189 make up be made up of(被動語態(tài)）由……組成 190 make…difference to…

191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么 192 most +名 most of +代

193 much too +形容詞 194 must be 一定 195 need +名詞

196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do(實義動詞）need do(情態(tài)動詞）198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing 199 no +名詞

200 not anymore = no more 再也不……

eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭

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201 not…(形、副）at all

eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all 202 not…at all 一點都不 203 not…either 表否定，也不

eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也沒有姐姐

204 not…until 直到……才……

eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar 205 offer / provide sb with sth 給某人提供

206 offer sb sth(offer sth to sb 提供什么東西給某人

eg : I offer you water(I offer water to you 我給你提供水 207 on one's way to… 在誰去那的路上

208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone 用電話交談 210 on time 準時 in time 及時

211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天 212 one of +可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 213 one to another 一個到另一個 214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的

eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin 215 part-time job 兼職工作 fall-time job 全職工作 216 pay for… 付……錢 pay the bill 開錢，付錢 217 please +do 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing 練習(xí)做某事

222 prefer sth to sth 相對……更喜歡……

eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化學(xué)中，我更喜歡物理 prefer doing to sth 更喜歡去做…不愿意去做…

eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜歡騎自行車，不開小車 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧愿做…也不愿

eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜歡買新的車，也不去修舊車 prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意…

eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜歡她不來 223 pretend to do sth 裝著去做什么 pretend that 從句

eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 這兩個騙子裝著努力工作

He pretended that he did not know the answer 他裝著不知道答案 224 rather…than 寧可……也不……

eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯當醫(yī)生，也不當老師 He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜歡狗，不喜歡貓 225 regard…as 把……當作……

eg: Please give my best regards to your family 請帶我向你的家人我最好的問候 I regard you as my friend 我把你當作我的朋友 He shows little regard for others 他不愛關(guān)心別人

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226 remind sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事

eg : he reminds me about cooking(he reminds me to cook 他提醒我做飯 227 remind sb of sth 使某人想起什么

eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 這照片使我想起了我的學(xué)校 the words that(which)the teacher talked to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb 還什么東西給某人 229 say to oneself 對自己說 230 say to sb 對某人說

231 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少錢在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少時間陪誰 233 sb spend sometime(in)doing sth 花了多少時間做某事 234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 235 see sb do 看見某人做過某事 see sb doing 看見某人正在做某事 236 seem to do/be +adj 顯得怎么樣

eg: You seem to be tired You seem to be happy 237 send +sb sth 送給某人某物 238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？ 239 shock 使……震驚

eg: Oh, It's only you!You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！嚇我一跳 240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物

eg: I show her the book.241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么東西給某人看

eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物

eg: I show the book to her.243 some…others… 一些……另一些……

244 start…with… 從……開始 begin…with… 從……開始 245 stay away from 遠離……

eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 當我們參觀zoo 時，我們要遠離動物 If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想減肥，你最好遠離甜食 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事

247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from)doing 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 250 such +名 這樣，這種 251 suit sb 適合某人

252 surprise sb 使某人驚奇 to one's surprise 令某人驚奇 253 take classes 上課 254 take sb to 把某人帶去

eg : I take you to the hospital

255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk 散步 256 ①talk to 對誰說 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和誰說eg : I talk with him ③ talk of 談到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 談?wù)撽P(guān)于……

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257 talk with sb 和某人說話 258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告訴某人做某事

260 tell sb sth tell sb that 叢句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story 261 tell sb sth 告訴某人某事

262 tell sb to do sth 告訴某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告訴某人不要做什么 263 tell…from… 264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名詞(doing)+as……

266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同

267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路

eg :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English 268 the way to…（地點）到哪的

269 too…to… 太怎樣而不能……adj +enough to 足夠…能… so…that +叢句

eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school ＝ He is so old that he can go to school 270 transalte ……into…… 把什么翻譯成什么

eg : Trasalte English into chinese 271 travel with sb和某人去旅游

272 try one's best to do sth盡某人最大的努力去做某事

eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么，但沒成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已經(jīng)做過了

eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但沒成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已經(jīng)做過了274 try…試衣服 have a try 試一下 275 turn down 開小 ←→ turn up 開大

276 turn off 關(guān)上 ←→ turn on 打開 open 拆開 277 upside down 倒著 278 visit to… 參觀某個地方 279 wait for sb 等某人

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